part_of
has db xref: BFO:0000050
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: part_of
shorthand: part_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty

has_part
has db xref: BFO:0000051
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_part
shorthand: has_part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: has material contribution from
inverse of: part_of

participates in
has db xref: BFO:0000056
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: participates_in
shorthand: participates_in
type: ObjectProperty

preceded_by
definition: X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)
has db xref: BFO:0000062
has exact synonym: is preceded by
has exact synonym: takes place after
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: preceded_by
shorthand: preceded_by
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty

precedes
has db xref: BFO:0000063
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: precedes
shorthand: precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty

contains process
has db xref: BFO:0000067
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: contains_process
shorthand: contains_process
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: occurs in

anterior_to
definition: x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z
has db xref: BSPO:0000096
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: anterior_to
shorthand: anterior_to
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty

distal_to
definition: x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal).
has db xref: BSPO:0000097
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: distal_to
shorthand: distal_to
type: ObjectProperty

dorsal_to
definition: x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly).
has db xref: BSPO:0000098
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: dorsal_to
shorthand: dorsal_to
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
inverse of: ventral_to

posterior_to
definition: x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail.
has db xref: BSPO:0000099
has narrow synonym: caudal_to
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: posterior_to
shorthand: posterior_to
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty

proximal_to
definition: x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y.
has db xref: BSPO:0000100
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: proximal_to
shorthand: proximal_to
type: ObjectProperty

ventral_to
definition: x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly).
has db xref: BSPO:0000102
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: ventral_to
shorthand: ventral_to
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty

deep_to
definition: Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines.
has db xref: BSPO:0000107
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: deep_to
shorthand: deep_to
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty

superficial_to
definition: Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer.
has db xref: BSPO:0000108
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: superficial_to
shorthand: superficial_to
type: ObjectProperty

in_left_side_of
definition: X in_left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion.
has db xref: BSPO:0000120
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_left_side_of
shorthand: in_left_side_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: in_lateral_side_of

in_right_side_of
definition: X in_right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion.
has db xref: BSPO:0000121
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_right_side_of
shorthand: in_right_side_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: in_lateral_side_of

in_posterior_side_of
definition: X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion.
has db xref: BSPO:0000122
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_posterior_side_of
shorthand: in_posterior_side_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

in_anterior_side_of
definition: X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion.
has db xref: BSPO:0000123
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_anterior_side_of
shorthand: in_anterior_side_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

in_proximal_side_of
definition: X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion.
has db xref: BSPO:0000124
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_proximal_side_of
shorthand: in_proximal_side_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

in_distal_side_of
definition: X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion.
has db xref: BSPO:0000125
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_distal_side_of
shorthand: in_distal_side_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of
inverse of: in_proximal_side_of

in_lateral_side_of
definition: X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure
has db xref: BSPO:0000126
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_lateral_side_of
shorthand: in_lateral_side_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of
property disjoint with: in central side of

in_superficial_part_of
definition: X superficial_part_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two superficial and deep portions, X is part_of the superficial portion.
has db xref: BSPO:0001100
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_superficial_part_of
shorthand: in_superficial_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

in_deep_part_of
definition: X superficial_part_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two superficial and deep portions, X is part_of the deep portion.
has db xref: BSPO:0001101
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_deep_part_of
shorthand: in_deep_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

proximalmost_part_of
definition: X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y
has db xref: BSPO:0001106
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: proximalmost_part_of
shorthand: proximalmost_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: in_proximal_side_of

immediately_deep_to
definition: This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold.
has db xref: BSPO:0001107
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: immediately_deep_to
shorthand: immediately_deep_to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: deep_to
sub property of: adjacent_to

distalmost_part_of
definition: X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y
has db xref: BSPO:0001108
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: distalmost_part_of
shorthand: distalmost_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: in_distal_side_of

preaxialmost_part_of
has db xref: BSPO:0001113
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: preaxialmost_part_of
shorthand: preaxialmost_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

postaxial_to
definition: x preaxial_to y iff x is further along the preaxial-postaxial axis than y, towards the postaxial side.
has db xref: BSPO:0001114
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: posterior_to (developmentally)
id: postaxial_to
shorthand: postaxial_to
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty

postaxialmost_part_of
has db xref: BSPO:0001115
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: postaxialmost_part_of
shorthand: postaxialmost_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

intersects_midsagittal_plane_of
definition: X intersects_median_plane of iff X crosses the midine plane of Y.
has db xref: BSPO:0005001
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: intersects_midsagittal_plane_of
shorthand: intersects_midsagittal_plane_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

immediately_superficial_to
has db xref: BSPO:0015014
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: immediately_superficial_to
shorthand: immediately_superficial_to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: superficial_to
sub property of: adjacent_to

in_dorsal_side_of
has db xref: BSPO:0015101
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_dorsal_side_of
shorthand: in_dorsal_side_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

in_ventral_side_of
has db xref: BSPO:0015102
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_ventral_side_of
shorthand: in_ventral_side_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

preaxial_to
definition: x preaxial_to y iff x is further along the preaxial-postaxial axis than y, towards the front.
has db xref: BSPO:1000000
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior_to (developmentally)
has related synonym: lateral (radial) to
has related synonym: medial (tibial) to
id: preaxial_to
shorthand: preaxial_to
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty

definition
type: AnnotationProperty

editor note
has db xref: IAO:0000116
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: editor_note
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: editor_note
type: AnnotationProperty

example of usage
has db xref: IAO:0000122
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: example_of_usage
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: example_of_usage
type: AnnotationProperty

curator notes
has db xref: IAO:0000232
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: curator_notes
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: curator_notes
type: AnnotationProperty

expand expression to
type: AnnotationProperty

expand assertion to
type: AnnotationProperty

term replaced by
type: AnnotationProperty

bearer of
has db xref: RO:0000053
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: bearer_of
shorthand: bearer_of
type: ObjectProperty

has quality
has db xref: RO:0000086
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_quality
shorthand: has_quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of

location_of
has db xref: RO:0001015
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: location_of
shorthand: location_of
type: ObjectProperty

contains
has db xref: RO:0001019
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: contains
shorthand: contains
type: ObjectProperty

located_in
has db xref: RO:0001025
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: located_in
shorthand: located_in
type: ObjectProperty

has boundary
has db xref: RO:0002002
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_boundary
shorthand: has_boundary
type: ObjectProperty

innervated_by
has alternative id: FMA:85999
has alternative id: dbprop:nerve
has db xref: RO:0002005
has exact synonym: nerve supply
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: innervated_by
shorthand: innervated_by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: http://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/issues/detail
property chain axiom: branching_part_of

bounding layer of
has db xref: RO:0002007
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: bounding_layer_of
shorthand: bounding_layer_of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane.
sub property of: part_of

simultaneous_with
definition: Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries.
has db xref: RO:0002082
has exact synonym: coincides_with
has exact synonym: is_equal_to
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: simultaneous_with
shorthand: simultaneous_with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: starts
sub property of: ends

immediately_preceded_by
definition: X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
UBPROP_0000001: A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251].
has db xref: RO:0002087
has exact synonym: directly preceded by
has exact synonym: is directly preceded by
has exact synonym: is immediately preceded by
has exact synonym: starts_at_end_of
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: immediately_preceded_by
shorthand: immediately_preceded_by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: preceded_by

synapsed by
definition: Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it.
expand expression to: BFO_0000051 some (GO_0045211 that part_of some (GO_0045202 that has_part some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some Y?)))
has db xref: RO:0002103
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: synapsed_by
shorthand: synapsed_by
type: ObjectProperty

overlaps
definition: A overlaps B if they share some part in common.
expand expression to: BFO_0000051 some (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
has db xref: RO:0002131
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: overlaps
shorthand: overlaps
type: ObjectProperty

innervates
has db xref: RO:0002134
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: innervates
shorthand: innervates
type: ObjectProperty
comment: http://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/issues/detail
inverse of: innervated_by
property chain axiom: part_of

continuous_with
has db xref: RO:0002150
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: continuous_with
shorthand: continuous_with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty

homologous_to
has db xref: RO:0002158
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: homologous_to
shorthand: homologous_to
type: ObjectProperty

serially_homologous_to
has db xref: RO:0002159
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: serially_homologous_to
shorthand: serially_homologous_to
type: ObjectProperty

only_in_taxon
definition: S only_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only T
has db xref: RO:0002160
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: only_in_taxon
shorthand: only_in_taxon
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: in taxon

never_in_taxon
definition: S never_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only not T
expand assertion to: Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: ?X and (RO_0002162 some ?Y)
has db xref: RO:0002161
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: never_in_taxon
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: never_in_taxon
type: AnnotationProperty

in taxon
has db xref: RO:0002162
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: in_taxon
shorthand: in_taxon
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: continuous_with
property chain axiom: existence starts during
property chain axiom: supplies
property chain axiom: has developmental contribution from
property chain axiom: overlaps
property chain axiom: connects
property chain axiom: attaches_to
property chain axiom: has potential to develop into
property chain axiom: innervated_by
property chain axiom: existence ends during
property chain axiom: part_of
property chain axiom: develops_from
property chain axiom: connected to
property chain axiom: produces
property chain axiom: extends fibers into
property chain axiom: produced_by
property chain axiom: developmentally_induced_by
property chain axiom: located_in

connected to
definition: Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship.
has db xref: RO:0002170
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: connected_to
shorthand: connected_to
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Connection does not imply overlaps.
sub property of: transitively connected to

mutually_spatially_disjoint_with
expand assertion to: Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
has db xref: RO:0002171
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: mutually_spatially_disjoint_with
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: mutually_spatially_disjoint_with
type: AnnotationProperty

ambiguous_for_taxon
definition: S ambiguous_for_taxon T if the class S does not have a clear referent in taxon T. An example would be the class 'manual digit 1', which encompasses a homology hypotheses that is accepted for some species (e.g. human and mouse), but does not have a clear referent in Aves - the referent is dependent on the hypothesis embraced, and also on the ontogenetic stage.
has db xref: RO:0002173
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: ambiguous_for_taxon
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: ambiguous_for_taxon
type: AnnotationProperty

dubious_for_taxon
definition: S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T.
has db xref: RO:0002174
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: dubious_for_taxon
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: dubious_for_taxon
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: this relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take time to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost

present_in_taxon
definition: S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S
has db xref: RO:0002175
has exact synonym: applicable for taxon
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: present_in_taxon
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: present_in_taxon
type: AnnotationProperty

connects
definition: Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship.
editor note: this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect)
has db xref: RO:0002176
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: connects
shorthand: connects
type: ObjectProperty

attaches_to_part_of
has db xref: RO:0002177
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: attaches_to_part_of
shorthand: attaches_to_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: attaches_to
property chain axiom: part_of

supplies
definition: relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood.
has alternative id: FMA:86003
has db xref: RO:0002178
has exact synonym: arterial supply of
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: supplies
shorthand: supplies
type: ObjectProperty
comment: source: FMA
sub property of: connected to

drains
has db xref: RO:0002179
has exact synonym: drains blood from
has exact synonym: drains from
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: drains
shorthand: drains
type: ObjectProperty
comment: source: Wikipedia
sub property of: connected to

has component
has db xref: RO:0002180
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_component
shorthand: has_component
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has_part

develops_from
has db xref: RO:0002202
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: develops_from
shorthand: develops_from
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: has developmental contribution from
sub property of: has material contribution from
property chain axiom: part_of

develops_into
has db xref: RO:0002203
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: develops_into
shorthand: develops_into
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has potential to develop into
inverse of: develops_from

directly_develops_from
has db xref: RO:0002207
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: directly_develops_from
shorthand: directly_develops_from
type: ObjectProperty

capable_of
has db xref: RO:0002215
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: capable_of
shorthand: capable_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to

capable_of_part_of
has db xref: RO:0002216
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: capable_of_part_of
shorthand: capable_of_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to

surrounded_by
definition: x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y
has db xref: RO:0002219
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: surrounded_by
shorthand: surrounded_by
type: ObjectProperty

adjacent_to
definition: x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary
has db xref: RO:0002220
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: adjacent_to
shorthand: adjacent_to
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty

surrounds
definition: inverse of surrounded_by
has db xref: RO:0002221
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: surrounds
shorthand: surrounds
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: surrounded_by

starts
definition: Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with.
has db xref: RO:0002223
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: starts
shorthand: starts
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

starts with
has db xref: RO:0002224
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: starts_with
shorthand: starts_with
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: has_part
inverse of: starts

develops_from_part_of
has db xref: RO:0002225
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: develops_from_part_of
shorthand: develops_from_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: develops_from
property chain axiom: directly_develops_from
property chain axiom: part_of

develops_in
has db xref: RO:0002226
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: develops_in
shorthand: develops_in
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This relation take from EHDAA2 - precise semantics yet to be defined

ends
definition: Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with.
has db xref: RO:0002229
has exact synonym: finishes
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: ends
shorthand: ends
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

ends with
has db xref: RO:0002230
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: ends_with
shorthand: ends_with
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: has_part

has developmental contribution from
has db xref: RO:0002254
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_developmental_contribution_from
shorthand: has_developmental_contribution_from
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: has material contribution from
property chain axiom: has_part
property chain axiom: develops_from

developmentally_contributes_to
has db xref: RO:0002255
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: developmentally_contributes_to
shorthand: developmentally_contributes_to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has potential to developmentally contribute to
property chain axiom: develops_into
property chain axiom: part_of

developmentally_induced_by
definition: t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T.
has db xref: RO:0002256
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: developmentally_induced_by
shorthand: developmentally_induced_by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F)

developmentally preceded by
has db xref: RO:0002258
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: developmentally_preceded_by
shorthand: developmentally_preceded_by
type: ObjectProperty

developmentally_replaces
has db xref: RO:0002285
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: developmentally_replaces
shorthand: developmentally_replaces
type: ObjectProperty

confers_advantage_in
has db xref: RO:0002322
has narrow synonym: adapted_for
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: confers_advantage_in
shorthand: confers_advantage_in
type: ObjectProperty

functionally related to
has db xref: RO:0002328
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: functionally_related_to
shorthand: functionally_related_to
type: ObjectProperty

part of structure that is capable of
has db xref: RO:0002329
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: part_of_structure_that_is_capable_of
shorthand: part_of_structure_that_is_capable_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to
property chain axiom: part_of
property chain axiom: capable_of

member of
has db xref: RO:0002350
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: member_of
shorthand: member_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of
inverse of: has member

has member
has db xref: RO:0002351
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_member
shorthand: has_member
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has_part

input of
has db xref: RO:0002352
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: input_of
shorthand: input_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to

output of
has db xref: RO:0002353
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: output_of
shorthand: output_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to

attaches_to
has alternative id: FMA:85990
has db xref: RO:0002371
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: attaches_to
shorthand: attaches_to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: connects
sub property of: attaches_to_part_of

has_muscle_origin
definition: m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to.
has alternative id: dbpprop:origin
has db xref: RO:0002372
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_muscle_origin
shorthand: has_muscle_origin
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The origin is the end of a muscle that attaches to the more fixed part of the skeleton, which is the proximal end in limb muscles
sub property of: attaches_to

has_muscle_insertion
definition: m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone.
has alternative id: dbpprop:insertion
has db xref: RO:0002373
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_muscle_insertion
shorthand: has_muscle_insertion
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The insertion is the point of attachment of a muscle that moves the most when the muscle shortens, or the most distal end of limb muscles
sub property of: attaches_to

has_fused_element
definition: x has_fused_element y iff: there exists some z : x has_part z, z homologous_to y, and y is a distinct element, the boundary between x and z is largely fiat
has db xref: RO:0002374
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_fused_element
shorthand: has_fused_element
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A single bone in one species may correspond to the fusion of two or more bones found as distinct elements in another. For example, tibiofibula has_fused_element tibia. A has_fused_element B does not imply that A has_part some B, rather than A has_part some B', where B' is not a subtype of B (because B is a distinct element but B' is a regional part) but has some evolutionary relationship to B.

tributary_of
has db xref: RO:0002376
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: drains into
id: tributary_of
shorthand: tributary_of
type: ObjectProperty

branching_part_of
editor note: we need to check if FMA branch_of implies part_of. the relation we intend to use here should - for example, see vestibulocochlear nerve
has alternative id: FMA:85994
has db xref: RO:0002380
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: branching_part_of
shorthand: branching_part_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

has potential to developmentally contribute to
definition: x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y
has db xref: RO:0002385
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to
shorthand: has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to
type: ObjectProperty

has potential to develop into
definition: x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y
has db xref: RO:0002387
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_potential_to_develop_into
shorthand: has_potential_to_develop_into
type: ObjectProperty

has potential to directly develop into
definition: x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y
has db xref: RO:0002388
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_potential_to_directly_develop_into
shorthand: has_potential_to_directly_develop_into
type: ObjectProperty

contributes to morphology of
has db xref: RO:0002433
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: contributes_to_morphology_of
shorthand: contributes_to_morphology_of
type: ObjectProperty

composed_primarily_of
definition: x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y
has alternative id: UBREL:0000002
has db xref: RO:0002473
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: composed_primarily_of
shorthand: composed_primarily_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has_part

has_no_connections_with
definition: A is has_no_connections_with B if there are no parts of A or B that have a connection with the other.
expand assertion to: Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (RO_0002170 some (BFO_0000050 some ?Y))
has db xref: RO:0002475
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_no_connections_with
is class level: true
is metadata tag: true
shorthand: has_no_connections_with
type: AnnotationProperty

child nucleus of
has db xref: RO:0002476
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: child_nucleus_of
shorthand: child_nucleus_of
type: ObjectProperty

child nucleus of in hermaphrodite
has db xref: RO:0002477
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: child_nucleus_of_in_hermaphrodite
shorthand: child_nucleus_of_in_hermaphrodite
type: ObjectProperty

child nucleus of in male
has db xref: RO:0002478
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: child_nucleus_of_in_male
shorthand: child_nucleus_of_in_male
type: ObjectProperty

existence starts during
definition: Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s.
has alternative id: BFO:0000068
has db xref: RO:0002488
has exact synonym: begins_to_exist_during
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: existence_starts_during
shorthand: existence_starts_during
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: existence starts during or after
property chain axiom: part_of

existence starts with
definition: Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p.
has db xref: RO:0002489
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: existence_starts_with
shorthand: existence_starts_with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: existence starts during

existence ends during
definition: Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely.
has alternative id: BFO:0000069
has db xref: RO:0002492
has exact synonym: ceases_to_exist_during
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: existence_ends_during
shorthand: existence_ends_during
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: existence ends during or before
property chain axiom: part_of

existence ends with
definition: Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p.
has db xref: RO:0002493
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: existence_ends_with
shorthand: existence_ends_with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: existence ends during

transformation of
has db xref: RO:0002494
has exact synonym: transforms from
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: transformation_of
shorthand: transformation_of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: develops_from

immediate transformation of
has db xref: RO:0002495
has exact synonym: direct_transformation_of
has exact synonym: immediately transforms from
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: immediate_transformation_of
shorthand: immediate_transformation_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: transformation of

existence starts during or after
has db xref: RO:0002496
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: existence_starts_during_or_after
shorthand: existence_starts_during_or_after
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: developmentally preceded by
property chain axiom: part_of
property chain axiom: simultaneous_with
property chain axiom: preceded_by

existence ends during or before
has db xref: RO:0002497
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: existence_ends_during_or_before
shorthand: existence_ends_during_or_before
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: part_of
property chain axiom: developmentally succeeded by
property chain axiom: precedes
property chain axiom: simultaneous_with

has material contribution from
has db xref: RO:0002507
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_material_contribution_from
shorthand: has_material_contribution_from
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: has_part
property chain axiom: develops_from

has skeleton
definition: A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision.
has db xref: RO:0002551
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: has sekeletal support
has related synonym: has supporting framework
id: has_skeleton
shorthand: has_skeleton
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has_part

has_muscle_antagonist
definition: m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position.
has alternative id: dbpprop:antagonist
has db xref: RO:0002568
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_muscle_antagonist
shorthand: has_muscle_antagonist
type: ObjectProperty

has_branching_part
has db xref: RO:0002569
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: has_branching_part
shorthand: has_branching_part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
inverse of: branching_part_of

lumen of
has db xref: RO:0002571
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: lumen_of
shorthand: lumen_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

luminal space of
has db xref: RO:0002572
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: luminal_space_of
shorthand: luminal_space_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part_of

produces
has db xref: RO:0003000
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: produces
shorthand: produces
type: ObjectProperty

produced_by
has db xref: RO:0003001
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: produced_by
shorthand: produced_by
type: ObjectProperty

processual entity
definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity.
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000000
in subset: upper level
type: Class

uterine cervix
definition: Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.
UBPROP_0000001: The narrow caudal end of the uterus that opens into the vagina. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The evolution of mammals is associated with radical changes in their reproductive biology, particularly the structure and function of the female reproductive organs. These changes include the evolution of the uterus, cervix, vagina, placenta and specialized cell types associated with each of those structures.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: cervical
has broad synonym: cervix
has db xref: Cervix
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007874
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245494008
has db xref: BTO:0001421
has db xref: BTO:0002249
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0134
has db xref: EFO:0000979
has db xref: EMAPA:29927
has db xref: EV:0100114
has db xref: FMA:17740
has db xref: GAID:376
has db xref: MA:0000392
has db xref: MAT:0000292
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319.679.256
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0007874
has db xref: VHOG:0001359
has db xref: galen:CervixUteri
has exact synonym: canalis cervicis uteri
has exact synonym: caudal segment of uterus
has exact synonym: cervical canal of uterus
has exact synonym: cervix uteri
has exact synonym: neck of uterus
has exact synonym: uterine cervix
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cervical canal
has related synonym: cervix of uterus
id: UBERON:0000002
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: neck of organ
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: vagina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: uterus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: uterus
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: neck of organ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: uterus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: continuous_with
    some values from: vagina

naris
definition: Orifice of the olfactory system. The naris is the route by which odorants enter the olfactory system[MAH].
UBPROP_0000001: One of paired external openings of the nasal chamber.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Naris refer to the external and interior naris (choana) of tetrapods, and to anterior and posterior naris of zebrafish. It seems now accepted that the structure is homologous: The choana, a unique 'internal nostril' opening from the nasal sac into the roof of the mouth, is a key part of the tetrapod (land vertebrate) respiratory system. It was the first component of the tetrapod body plan to evolve, well before the origin of limbs, and is therefore crucial to our understanding of the beginning of the fish-tetrapod transition. (...) Here we present new material of Kenichthys, a 395-million-year-old fossil fish from China, that provides direct evidence for the origin of the choana and establishes its homology: it is indeed a displaced posterior external nostril that, during a brief transitional stage illustrated by Kenichthys, separated the maxilla from the premaxilla.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: in actinopterygians, both pairs of nares are external. In tetrapods, the exhalant empties into the buccal cavity
UBPROP_0000012: we have classified this as an orifice, according to FMA. Note that in FMA, orifices are immaterial entities, but in ZFA this is a surface structure
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272650008
has db xref: AAO:0000311
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001225
has db xref: EHDAA:9083
has db xref: EMAPA:17847
has db xref: MA:0000282
has db xref: VHOG:0000663
has db xref: galen:Naris
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000003
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: upper ontology conflict
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: orifice
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005725
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: orifice
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0005725

olfactory apparatus
definition: the organ that is specialized for smell and is part of the respiratory system
editor note: TODO - distinguish generic olfactory apparatus from nose; we have olfactory organ for the generic organ - add new class 'olfactory structure'?
UBPROP_0000001: Organ that is the specialized structure of the face that contains olfactory neurons. The peripheral olfactory organ is paired[ZFA:0000047].
UBPROP_0000001: a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout[WP]. GO: The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity)[Wikipedia:Nose].
has db xref: Nose
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0028429
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181195007
has db xref: BTO:0000840
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2037
has db xref: EFO:0000828
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001274
has db xref: EHDAA:1502
has db xref: EMAPA:16542
has db xref: EV:0100037
has db xref: EV:0100370
has db xref: FMA:46472
has db xref: GAID:77
has db xref: MA:0000281
has db xref: MAT:0000139
has db xref: MESH:A01.456.505.733
has db xref: MIAA:0000139
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000047
has db xref: UMLS:C0028429
has db xref: ZFA:0000047
has db xref: galen:Nose
has exact synonym: nasal sac
has exact synonym: nose
has exact synonym: peripheral olfactory organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nasus
has related synonym: proboscis
id: UBERON:0000004
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002268
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: respiratory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: face
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: face

chemosensory organ
has db xref: FBbt:00005157
has exact synonym: chemosensory sensory organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000005
in subset: functional classification
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: sense organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005726

islet of Langerhans
definition: the clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986)
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_76489
has db xref: Islets of Langerhans
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022131
has db xref: Islet of Langerhans
has db xref: AAO:0010406
has db xref: BTO:0000991
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0741
has db xref: EFO:0000856
has db xref: EMAPA:32927
has db xref: EV:0100130
has db xref: FMA:16016
has db xref: GAID:324
has db xref: MA:0000127
has db xref: MAT:0000076
has db xref: MESH:A03.734.414
has db xref: MIAA:0000076
has db xref: UMLS:C0022131
has db xref: VHOG:0000646
has db xref: XAO:0000159
has exact synonym: pancreatic insula
has exact synonym: pancreatic islet
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: island of Langerhans
has related synonym: island of pancreas
has related synonym: islets of langerhans
id: UBERON:0000006
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: endocrine pancreas
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: endocrine pancreas

pituitary gland
definition: The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands [GO]. An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin [ZFIN].
UBPROP_0000001: An endocrine gland derived from infundibulum of the floor of the diencephalon and an ectodermal dorsal protrusion from the buccal cavity which controls the secretion of many hormones influencing the function of various organs of the body.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: An endocrine gland located ventral to the diencephalon and derived from mixed neuroectodermal and non neuroectodermal origin.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: It (the hypophysis) develops embryonically in all vertebrates from two ectodermal evaginations that meet and unite. (...) A well-developed hypophyseal system with functional connections to the hypothalamus is unique to craniates.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: The lamprey possesses a distinct pituitary organ and hormones, the ascidian does not show distinct evidence of them [Sower S, Freamat M, Kavanaugh S. The origins of the vertebrate hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) endocrine systems: new insights from lampreys. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009;161:20-9]
has broad synonym: Hp
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Pituitary gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0032005
has db xref: Pituitary Gland
has db xref: birnlex 1353
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181125003
has db xref: AAO:0010536
has db xref: BAMS:PIT
has db xref: BAMS:Pit
has db xref: BM:Die-Hy-HY
has db xref: BTO:0001073
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0798
has db xref: DHBA:10505
has db xref: EFO:0000857
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001471
has db xref: EHDAA:2183
has db xref: EHDAA:4477
has db xref: EMAPA:16647
has db xref: EMAPA:35998
has db xref: EV:0100132
has db xref: FMA:13889
has db xref: GAID:457
has db xref: HBA:4634
has db xref: MA:0000176
has db xref: MAT:0000077
has db xref: MESH:A06.407.747
has db xref: MIAA:0000077
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6NQYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000118
has db xref: UMLS:C0032005
has db xref: VHOG:0000143
has db xref: XAO:0000017
has db xref: ZFA:0000118
has exact synonym: glandula pituitaria
has exact synonym: pituitary
has exact synonym: pituitary body
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: hypophysis
has related synonym: hypophysis cerebri
id: UBERON:0000007
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003296
subclass of: UBERON_0010133
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: diencephalon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002196
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: diencephalon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: ectoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002198

submucosa
definition: A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that lines organs and supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000007: submucosal
has db xref: Submucosa
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225344
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/68439008
has db xref: BTO:0002107
has db xref: FMA:85391
has db xref: FMA:85392
has db xref: UMLS:C0225344
has exact synonym: organ submucosa
has exact synonym: region of submucosa
has exact synonym: submucosa of organ
has exact synonym: submucosa of region of organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: submucous layer
has related synonym: tela submucosa
has related synonym: tunica submucosa
id: UBERON:0000009
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004923
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediately_deep_to
  some values from: mucosa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002384

peripheral nervous system
definition: A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
UBPROP_0000001: Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO)
UBPROP_0000003: (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Peripheral nervous system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0206417
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1305921
has db xref: Peripheral Nervous System
has db xref: birnlex 1111
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362292005
has db xref: AAO:0000429
has db xref: BAMS:PNS
has db xref: BILA:0000081
has db xref: BTO:0001028
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0808
has db xref: EFO:0000891
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001445
has db xref: EHDAA:2893
has db xref: EMAPA:16665
has db xref: EV:0100335
has db xref: FBbt:00005098
has db xref: FMA:9903
has db xref: GAID:715
has db xref: MA:0000218
has db xref: MAT:0000338
has db xref: MESH:A08.800
has db xref: MIAA:0000338
has db xref: TAO:0000142
has db xref: UMLS:C0206417
has db xref: UMLS:C1305921
has db xref: VHOG:0000399
has db xref: XAO:0000178
has db xref: ZFA:0000142
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: PNS
has related synonym: lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus
has related synonym: lateral part of the basolateral nucleus
has related synonym: nucleus amygdalae basalis, pars lateralis
has related synonym: nucleus amygdaloideus basalis, pars lateralis magnocellularis
has related synonym: nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae
has related synonym: pars peripherica; systema nervosum periphericum
id: UBERON:0000010
in subset: cumbo
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011216
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system
definition: The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia[GO].
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the autonomic nervous system which has opposing physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples include decreasing the heart rate or dilating the blood vessels.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: In mammals, the autonomic nervous system is divided into two contrasting, antagonistic systems of control over visceral activity: the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system (reference 1); In general, the teleosts may be considered phylogenetically the first class of vertebrates in which the heart is regulated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic neural pathways (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Parasympathetic nervous system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030510
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1305770
has db xref: Parasympathetic Nervous System
has db xref: birnlex 2517
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362496006
has db xref: AAO:0010488
has db xref: BTO:0001833
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2094
has db xref: EFO:0000894
has db xref: EHDA:10096
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001402
has db xref: EHDAA:4655
has db xref: EMAPA:17270
has db xref: FMA:9907
has db xref: GAID:708
has db xref: MA:0000223
has db xref: MAT:0000101
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.050.600
has db xref: MIAA:0000101
has db xref: TAO:0001575
has db xref: UMLS:C0030510
has db xref: UMLS:C1305770
has db xref: VHOG:0000755
has db xref: ZFA:0001575
has exact synonym: PNS - parasympathetic
has exact synonym: parasympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system
has exact synonym: pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi
id: UBERON:0000011
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0011216
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002410
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002410

somatic nervous system
definition: Part of peripheral nervous system that includes the somatic parts of the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors.
has db xref: Somatic nervous system
has db xref: nlx anat 100301
has db xref: EFO:0000892
has db xref: FMA:9904
has db xref: MA:0002850
has db xref: MAT:0000099
has db xref: MAT:0000342
has db xref: MIAA:0000099
has db xref: MIAA:0000342
has db xref: WBbt:0005760
has exact synonym: PNS - somatic
has exact synonym: somatic nervous system, somatic division
has exact synonym: somatic peripheral nervous system
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000012
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011216
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: peripheral nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: nervous system

sympathetic nervous system
definition: The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter [GO].
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the autonomic nervous system which has opposing physiological effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Examples include increasing the heart rate or constricting the blood vessels.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The part of the autonomic nervous system which chiefly contains adrenergic fibres and tends to control and reduce secretions, decrease the contractility and hence the tone of smooth muscles and provoke the contraction of blood vessels. Essentially, it consists of preganglionic fibres from the thoracic and upper lumbar parts of the spinal cord. These fibres, by means of delicate rami communicantes, cross over to ganglia sited in a pair of ganglionated cords on each side of the vertebral column or to more peripheral ganglia. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The autonomic nervous system is composed of three divisions: the sympathetic division, the parasympathetic division, and the enteric division. (...) In ray-finned teleost fishes, a sympathetic chain is present, and dual innervation of additional organs can be observed. A similar pattern can be found in amphibians (...). The evolution of the autonomic nervous system has been quite conservative, especially in the tetrapod lineage.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000011: has developmental contribution from NC in verteberates (UBERONREF:0000002)
has db xref: Sympathetic nervous system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039044
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1269646
has db xref: Sympathetic Nervous System
has db xref: birnlex 2516
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362484004
has db xref: AAO:0010487
has db xref: BTO:0001832
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2050
has db xref: EFO:0000893
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001971
has db xref: EHDAA:3769
has db xref: EMAPA:16985
has db xref: FMA:9906
has db xref: GAID:710
has db xref: MA:0000225
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.050.800
has db xref: MIAA:0000100
has db xref: TAO:0001576
has db xref: UMLS:C0039044
has db xref: UMLS:C1269646
has db xref: VHOG:0000384
has db xref: ZFA:0001576
has exact synonym: pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi
has exact synonym: sympathetic nervous system
has exact synonym: sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi
id: UBERON:0000013
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011216
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002410
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002410

zone of skin
definition: A sub-region of the skin. Note the distinct between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee
UBPROP_0000003: (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive
has db xref: Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/20795001
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001844
has db xref: EHDAA:6530
has db xref: EMAPA:17525
has db xref: EV:0100152
has db xref: FMA:86166
has db xref: GAID:933
has db xref: MA:0000151
has db xref: MAT:0000284
has db xref: MESH:A17.815
has db xref: MIAA:0000284
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: VHOG:0000860
has exact synonym: portion of skin
has exact synonym: region of skin
has exact synonym: skin
has exact synonym: skin region
has exact synonym: skin zone
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000014
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002097

anatomical boundary
definition: Structural anatomical relation which holds between each anatomical entity of one to three dimensions and some immaterial anatomical entity of one lower dimension such that the latter demarcates (delimits) the former from its neighborhood.
has db xref: AEO:0000192
has db xref: FMA:50705
has exact synonym: anatomical boundary entity
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000015
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity

endocrine pancreas
definition: The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.
editor note: create a separate class for distributed pancreas, eg cyclostomes?
UBPROP_0000001: The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys
has db xref: Islets of Langerhans
has db xref: Endocrine Pancreas
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361339003
has db xref: BTO:0000650
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1302
has db xref: EFO:0002542
has db xref: EMAPA:35305
has db xref: EV:0100129
has db xref: FMA:16018
has db xref: MA:0001582
has db xref: TAO:0001260
has db xref: VHOG:0000049
has db xref: ZFA:0001260
has exact synonym: endocrine pancreas
has exact synonym: pars endocrina pancreatis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: endocrine part of pancreas
has related synonym: islets of Langerhans part of pancreas
id: UBERON:0000016
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: compound organ component
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003923
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: endocrine system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: islet of Langerhans
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pancreas
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: pancreas

exocrine pancreas
definition: The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO].
UBPROP_0000001: The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Exocrine component of pancreas
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0553695
has db xref: Exocrine Pancreas
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/248202004
has db xref: AAO:0010407
has db xref: BTO:0000434
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1241
has db xref: EMAPA:35328
has db xref: EV:0100093
has db xref: FMA:16017
has db xref: MA:0002415
has db xref: TAO:0001249
has db xref: UMLS:C0553695
has db xref: VHOG:0000048
has db xref: XAO:0000137
has db xref: ZFA:0001249
has exact synonym: exocrine pancreas
has exact synonym: pars exocrina pancreatis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: exocrine component of pancreas
has related synonym: exocrine part of pancreas
id: UBERON:0000017
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: pancreatic acinus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: pancreas
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0007329
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pancreas
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003924

compound eye
definition: A light sensing organ composed of ommatidia
UBPROP_0000008: The term compound eye is sometimes used for the multi-unit eyes of annelids, bivalves, echinoderms. We follow Richter et al and restrict this class to the arthropod structure for these structures
has db xref: Compound eye
has db xref: BTO:0001921
has db xref: FBbt:00004508
has db xref: HAO:0000217
has db xref: TGMA:0000024
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Facettenauge
has related synonym: Komplexauge
has related synonym: adult compound eye
has related synonym: faceted eye
has related synonym: insect eye
has related synonym: zusammengesetztes Auge
id: UBERON:0000018
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015165
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: ommatidium
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: eye
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: ommatidium

camera-type eye
definition: An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid.
UBPROP_0000001: A cavitated compound organ that transduces light waves into neural signals.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ), as well as other structures, and the orbit of skull. MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this
has broad synonym: eye
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015392
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1280202
has db xref: Eye
has db xref: birnlex 1169
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181143004
has db xref: AAO:0010340
has db xref: BTO:0004688
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000484
has db xref: EHDAA:936
has db xref: EMAPA:16198
has db xref: FMA:54448
has db xref: MA:0000261
has db xref: TAO:0000107
has db xref: UMLS:C0015392
has db xref: UMLS:C1280202
has db xref: VHOG:0000275
has db xref: XAO:0000179
has db xref: ZFA:0000107
has exact synonym: regio orbitalis
has narrow synonym: vertebrate eye
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: camera-type eye plus associated structures
has related synonym: eyes
has related synonym: orbital part of face
has related synonym: orbital region
id: UBERON:0000019
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: simple eye
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004088
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003072
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: lens of camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage

sense organ
definition: An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0935626
has db xref: Organ of the Special Sense
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244485009
has db xref: AEO:0000094
has db xref: BSA:0000121
has db xref: BTO:0000202
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2043
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001824
has db xref: EHDAA:500
has db xref: EMAPA:16192
has db xref: EMAPA:35955
has db xref: FBbt:00005155
has db xref: GAID:63
has db xref: HAO:0000930
has db xref: MA:0000017
has db xref: MESH:A09
has db xref: UMLS:C0935626
has db xref: VHOG:0001407
has db xref: WBbt:0006929
has exact synonym: organ of sense organ system
has exact synonym: organ of sensory organ system
has exact synonym: organ of sensory system
has exact synonym: sense organ system organ
has exact synonym: sensory organ
has exact synonym: sensory organ system organ
has exact synonym: sensory system organ
has narrow synonym: sensillum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Sinnesorgan
has related synonym: sensor
id: UBERON:0000020
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: sensory system

cutaneous appendage
definition: Anatomical projection that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail, feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, antler, bristle and some scales.
editor note: Mammary glands develop by similar mechanisms, and there is an argument for including them here (e.g. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20484386), but these structures do not fit the current definition (lactiferous glands are part of the integumentary system in FMA). Note the FMA class is a subdivision of epidermis, which may be too restrictive for our purposes here.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/276160000
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0051
has db xref: FMA:71012
has exact synonym: skin appendage
has narrow synonym: epidermal appendage
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: epidermal growth
id: UBERON:0000021
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0013703
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002097
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002416

feather
definition: one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins. The beta-keratins in feathers, beaks and claws — and the claws, scales and shells of reptiles — are composed of protein strands hydrogen-bonded into beta-pleated sheets, which are then further twisted and crosslinked by disulfide bridges into structures even tougher than the α-keratins of mammalian hair, horns and hoof. The exact signals that induce the growth of feathers on the skin are not known but it has been found that the transcription factor cDermo-1 induces the growth of feathers on skin and scales on the leg.
UBPROP_0000008: Among the characteristics that distinguish the extant Aves from other living groups. Feathers have also been noticed in those Theropoda which have been termed feathered dinosaurs. Although feathers cover most parts of the body of birds, they arise only from certain well-defined tracts on the skin. They aid in flight, thermal insulation, waterproofing and coloration that helps in communication and protection
UBPROP_0000010: The beta-keratins in feathers, beaks and claws — and the claws, scales and shells of reptiles — are composed of protein strands hydrogen-bonded into beta-pleated sheets, which are then further twisted and crosslinked by disulfide bridges into structures even tougher than the α-keratins of mammalian hair, horns and hoof.
has db xref: Feather
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/410027006
has db xref: BTO:0000447
has db xref: EFO:0000955
has db xref: GAID:1214
has db xref: MAT:0000156
has db xref: MESH:A13.370
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjW-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000022
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: cutaneous appendage
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: skin epidermis

wing
definition: Appendage that is used to produce lift for flight through the air.
UBPROP_0000007: alar
UBPROP_0000008: This class is not monophyletic. See also: GO:0007629
has db xref: Wing
has db xref: BTO:0001463
has db xref: EFO:0000885
has db xref: GAID:1217
has db xref: MAT:0000202
has db xref: MESH:A13.395.823
has db xref: MIAA:0000202
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000023
in subset: efo slim
in subset: grouping class
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: appendage

forelimb wing
definition: Forelimb that is used to produce lift for flight through the air.
has narrow synonym: wing wing
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000024
type: Class
comment: Examples: bat wing, bird wing
subclass of: wing
subclass of: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: evolved from
  some values from: UBERON_0002102

tube
definition: Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported.
curator notes: not every anatomical conduit is a tube - for example, a bone foramen is an opening in the bone, and there is no distinct separate tube structure. Tubes may transport large mixed objects (for example, a bolus of food in the digestive tube) or they may transport the secretions of a single gland (for example, gland ducts)
UBPROP_0000007: tubular
has db xref: galen:Tube
has exact synonym: anatomical tube
has narrow synonym: duct
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000025
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004111
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: anatomical space

appendage
definition: Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO].
UBPROP_0000001: An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA][BILA:0000018].
UBPROP_0000001: Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified][GO:0048736].
UBPROP_0000007: appendicular
UBPROP_0000008: this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers
has db xref: Appendage
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0598782
has db xref: AEO:0000193
has db xref: BILA:0000018
has db xref: BTO:0001492
has db xref: CARO:0010003
has db xref: EFO:0000799
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003193
has db xref: EV:0100155
has db xref: FBbt:00007000
has db xref: HAO:0000144
has db xref: MAT:0000023
has db xref: MESH:A01.378
has db xref: MIAA:0000023
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViC-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0598782
has db xref: VSAO:0000075
has db xref: XAO:0000218
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: appendages
has related synonym: extremitaet
has related synonym: extremity
has related synonym: limbs/digits/tail
id: UBERON:0000026
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision

lymph node
definition: Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph.
UBPROP_0000003: Lymph nodes that are associated with the lymphatic system have evolved in mammals.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Lymph node
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0024204
has db xref: Lymph Node
has db xref: Lymph Node by Anatomic Site
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181756000
has db xref: BTO:0000784
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0579
has db xref: EFO:0000872
has db xref: EMAPA:35523
has db xref: EV:0100050
has db xref: FMA:5034
has db xref: GAID:947
has db xref: MA:0000139
has db xref: MAT:0000442
has db xref: MESH:A15.382.520.604.412
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwLPqLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO_RETIRED:0005318
has db xref: UMLS:C0024204
has db xref: VHOG:0001273
has db xref: ZFA_RETIRED:0005318
has db xref: galen:Lymphnode
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lymph gland
has related synonym: nodus lymphaticus
id: UBERON:0000029
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005057
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002194
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002391
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002007
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: lymphatic vessel

lamina propria
definition: A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions.
has db xref: Lamina propria
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1179187
has db xref: Lamina Propria
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/298225002
has db xref: BTO:0002330
has db xref: FMA:62517
has db xref: UMLS:C1179187
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosa
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosae
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: tunica propria
id: UBERON:0000030
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004923
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011825
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mucosa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediately_deep_to
  some values from: epithelium

lamina propria of trachea
definition: A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1710457
has db xref: Trachea Lamina Propria
has db xref: EMAPA:35877
has db xref: MA:0001858
has db xref: UMLS:C1710457
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosa of trachea
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosa of windpipe
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosae of trachea
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosae of windpipe
has exact synonym: lamina propria of windpipe
has exact synonym: trachea lamina propria
has exact synonym: trachea lamina propria mucosa
has exact synonym: trachea lamina propria mucosae
has exact synonym: tracheal lamina propria
has exact synonym: windpipe lamina propria
has exact synonym: windpipe lamina propria mucosa
has exact synonym: windpipe lamina propria mucosae
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000031
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004779
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: tracheal mucosa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory airway
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lamina propria
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: respiratory airway

obsolete cranial structure
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000032
type: Class
comment: obsoleted as it was a grouping class that served no purpose
deprecated: true

head
definition: The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO].
UBPROP_0000001: Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Head
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0018670
has db xref: birnlex 1230
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302548004
has db xref: AAO:0010335
has db xref: AEO:0000106
has db xref: BILA:0000115
has db xref: BTO:0000282
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0436
has db xref: EFO:0000964
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003106
has db xref: EMAPA:31858
has db xref: FBbt:00000004
has db xref: FMA:7154
has db xref: GAID:61
has db xref: HAO:0000397
has db xref: MA:0000023
has db xref: MAT:0000294
has db xref: MESH:A01.456
has db xref: MIAA:0000294
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rEOLm4rgPEdmAAAACs6hRjg
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: SPD:0000016
has db xref: TAO:0001114
has db xref: TGMA:0000002
has db xref: UMLS:C0018670
has db xref: VHOG:0001644
has db xref: WBbt:0005739
has db xref: XAO:0003024
has db xref: ZFA:0001114
has db xref: galen:Head
has exact synonym: head (volume)
has narrow synonym: adult head
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cephalic area
id: UBERON:0000033
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011676
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007811
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anterior region of body

primary ovarian follicle
definition: An ovarian follicle that has one layer of granulosa cells.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/258665002
has db xref: BTO:0000410
has db xref: EMAPA:35631
has db xref: FMA:18634
has db xref: MA:0002907
has exact synonym: folliculus ovaricus primarius
has exact synonym: ovary primary follicle
has exact synonym: primary follicle of ovary
has exact synonym: primary ovarian follicle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: preantral follicle of ovary
has related synonym: primary egg follicle
has related synonym: primary follicle
id: UBERON:0000035
type: Class
subclass of: ovarian follicle

secondary ovarian follicle
editor note: consider adopting distinction in MA
has db xref: EMAPA:30763
has db xref: EMAPA:30777
has db xref: EMAPA:35625
has db xref: EMAPA:35632
has db xref: FMA:18637
has db xref: MA:0002908
has db xref: MA:0002909
has exact synonym: antral follice
has exact synonym: antral follicle of ovary
has exact synonym: antral ovarian follice
has exact synonym: folliculus ovaricus secondarius
has exact synonym: ovary antral follicle
has exact synonym: ovary secondary follicle
has exact synonym: secondary follicle of ovary
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pre-ovulatory follicle
has related synonym: secondary egg follicle
has related synonym: secondary follicle
id: UBERON:0000036
type: Class
subclass of: ovarian follicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: primary ovarian follicle

tertiary ovarian follicle
has db xref: Graafian follicle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0600225
has db xref: Graafian Follicle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362261008
has db xref: EMAPA:30763
has db xref: FMA:18641
has db xref: UMLS:C0600225
has exact synonym: Graafian follicle
has exact synonym: folliculi ovarici vesiculosi
has exact synonym: folliculus ovaricus tertiarius
has exact synonym: folliculus ovaricus tertiarius (vesiculosus)
has exact synonym: folliculus ovaricus tertiarius (vesiculous)
has exact synonym: tertiary follicle of ovary
has exact synonym: vesicular follicle of ovary
has exact synonym: vesicular ovarian follicle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: tertiary egg follicle
id: UBERON:0000037
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: ovarian follicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: secondary ovarian follicle

follicular fluid
definition: The fluid surrounding the ovum and granulosa cells in the ovarian follicle..
has db xref: Follicular fluid
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1709369
has db xref: Ovarian Follicle Fluid
has db xref: BTO:0004383
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0728
has db xref: FMA:18665
has db xref: GAID:372
has db xref: MA:0002511
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319.114.630.535.150
has db xref: UMLS:C1709369
has exact synonym: liquor follicularis
has exact synonym: liquor folliculi
has exact synonym: ovary follicle fluid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: antral fluid, ovarian follicle
has related synonym: liquor folliculi
has related synonym: ovarian follicular fluid
has related synonym: ovary follicular fluid
id: UBERON:0000038
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes and is rich in hyaluronic acid.
subclass of: organism substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ovarian follicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: follicular antrum

follicular antrum
definition: Region of ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid.
has db xref: Follicular antrum
has db xref: FMA:18675
has exact synonym: antral cavity
has exact synonym: antrum folliculare
has exact synonym: ovarian follicle antrum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: antrum follicularum
id: UBERON:0000039
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical space
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: follicular fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ovarian follicle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical space
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: ovarian follicle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: contains
    some values from: follicular fluid

Leydig's organ
definition: A hemopoietic organ found in elasmobranchs. Along with the spleen and special tissue around the gonads, this structure produces red blood cells and it is nestled along the top and bottom of the esophagus.
UBPROP_0000008: Found in elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) but with some exceptions.
has db xref: Leydig's organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000040
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Phenotype notes: Leydig's organ can be quite large - a 1.6-kilogram (3.5-pound) one was reported from a 1.8-metre (6-foot) long Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus). Structure notes: divided into dorsal and ventral patches, gradation varies between species. Lacks erythroblasts and fat cells[Honma 1983]
subclass of: UBERON_0004177
subclass of: UBERON_0005057
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002405
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: wall of esophagus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002390

odontode scale
definition: Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis[VSAO].
editor note: TODO check dentin def
UBPROP_0000001: Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Small outgrowths which cover the skin of many cartilaginous fish including sharks. They are similar in structure to teeth, and teeth may have evolved from denticle-like structures in primitive fish.[citation needed] The placoid scales in sharks are formed of dentine with dermal papillae located in the core. These scales develop from the dermal layer of the skin, which is in contrast to the epidermal development seen the in the elasmoid scales of tetrapods. The shape of denticle varies from species to species and can be used in identification. Studies have found that the denticles create tiny vortices that reduce drag to make swimming more efficient. Denticles also allow sharks to swim silently compared to other fish that generate considerable noise when they ply the water[WP][Wikipedia:Dermal_denticle].
UBPROP_0000008: Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone.
has db xref: Dermal denticle
has db xref: VSAO:0000079
has exact synonym: dermal denticle
has exact synonym: odontode scale
has exact synonym: placoid scale
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000041
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004756
subclass of: UBERON_0007380
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: dentine

serous membrane
definition: multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer.
UBPROP_0000001: A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP]
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA.
has db xref: Serous membrane
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036760
has db xref: Serosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362878009
has db xref: FMA:9581
has db xref: GAID:19
has db xref: MESH:A10.615.789
has db xref: TAO:0005425
has db xref: UMLS:C0036760
has db xref: ZFA:0005425
has exact synonym: tunica serosa
has exact synonym: wall of serous sac
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: serosa
id: UBERON:0000042
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0004457
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anatomical wall
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002384
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: mesoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: mesothelium

tendon
definition: Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO].
UBPROP_0000001: Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis
has db xref: Tendon
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039508
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/256667004
has db xref: AEO:0000091
has db xref: BTO:0001356
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1021
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003091
has db xref: EMAPA:35854
has db xref: EV:0100149
has db xref: FMA:9721
has db xref: GAID:276
has db xref: MA:0000115
has db xref: MESH:A02.880
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjefJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0039508
has db xref: VHOG:0001286
has db xref: VSAO:0000073
has db xref: XAO:0000173
has db xref: ZFA:0005647
has db xref: galen:Tendon
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: sinew
has related synonym: tendo
id: UBERON:0000043
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007846
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: muscle organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002204
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: bone element

dorsal root ganglion
definition: * Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain. (MSH) * ganglion found on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of the unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve. (CSP)
UBPROP_0000001: Trunk ganglion which is located adjacent to the spine on a dorsal root and contains the cell bodies of afferent sensory nerves.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: From comparative analyses of craniate brains, a morphotype of the brain in the earliest craniate stock can be constructed. In marked contrast to cephalochordates, the ancestral craniate morphotype had a plethora of unique features, which included a telencephalon with pallial and subpallial parts, paired olfactory bulbs with substantial projections to most or all of the telencephalic pallium, paired lateral eyes and ears, a lateral line system for both electroreception and mechanoreception, spinal cord dorsal root ganglia, and an autonomic nervous system.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000011: The sensory ganglia of spinal nerves arise only from the neural crest, whereas many sensory ganglia of the 'dorsal' cranial nerves arise from epibranchial placodes as well as the neural crest[doi:10.1093/icb/icn065]
UBPROP_0000012: MA and EMAPA introduce distinct classes for what appears to be the same thing
has db xref: Dorsal root ganglion
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017070
has db xref: Dorsal Root Ganglion
has db xref: birnlex 2596
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244455004
has db xref: AAO:0011032
has db xref: BTO:0001264
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0954
has db xref: EFO:0000900
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000418
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001897
has db xref: EHDAA:2899
has db xref: EMAPA:16667
has db xref: EMAPA:16668
has db xref: EMAPA:18372
has db xref: EV:0100373
has db xref: FMA:5888
has db xref: MA:0000231
has db xref: MA:0000232
has db xref: MAT:0000162
has db xref: MIAA:0000162
has db xref: TAO:0000200
has db xref: UMLS:C0017070
has db xref: VHOG:0000222
has db xref: XAO:0000210
has db xref: ZFA:0000200
has exact synonym: dorsal root ganglion
has exact synonym: ganglion of dorsal root
has exact synonym: ganglion spinalis
has exact synonym: spinal ganglion
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: DRG
has related synonym: dorsal root ganglia
has related synonym: ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis
has related synonym: ganglion spinale
has related synonym: posterior root ganglion
id: UBERON:0000044
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: sensory ganglion
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0006692
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: spinal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0002261
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003083
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: spinal nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0002261

ganglion
definition: A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies.
editor note: TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.
UBPROP_0000001: A ganglion is a cluster of ➞neurons. It is part of a ➞nervous system. It may include ➞glial cells. The neurons are arranged in a specific constellation: neuronal somata are concentrated at the surface, thus forming a cell cortex, and ➞neurites are concentrated in the centre of the ganglion to form the ➞neuropil. A ganglion is a distinct unit but several ganglia may be anterio-posteriorly joined by ➞connectives or transversally by ➞commissures
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Subdivision of nervous system which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord. Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion (adapted from Foundational Model of Anatomy)[NIFSTD:nlx_anat_100302].
UBPROP_0000003: Cranial sensory placodes are focused areas of the head ectoderm of vertebrates that contribute to the development of the cranial sense organs and their associated ganglia. Placodes have long been considered a key character of vertebrates, and their evolution is proposed to have been essential for the evolution of an active predatory lifestyle by early vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: ganglionic
has db xref: Ganglion
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017067
has db xref: nlx anat 100302
has db xref: AAO:0010426
has db xref: AEO:0000135
has db xref: BAMS:G
has db xref: BTO:0000497
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0397
has db xref: EFO:0000899
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003135
has db xref: EHDAA:2897
has db xref: EHDAA:4662
has db xref: EHDAA:5621
has db xref: EHDAA:918
has db xref: EMAPA:32846
has db xref: EV:0100372
has db xref: FBbt:00005137
has db xref: FMA:5884
has db xref: MA:0002406
has db xref: MAT:0000207
has db xref: MAT:0000343
has db xref: MESH:A08.340
has db xref: MIAA:0000207
has db xref: MIAA:0000343
has db xref: TAO:0000190
has db xref: TGMA:0001016
has db xref: UMLS:C0017067
has db xref: VHOG:0000156
has db xref: WBbt:0005189
has db xref: XAO:0000209
has db xref: ZFA:0000190
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ganglia
has related synonym: neural ganglion
id: UBERON:0000045
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com).
subclass of: UBERON_0003714
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0003869
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system

stemma
definition: eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters and affects the eyespot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light
has db xref: Stemma
has exact synonym: pit eye
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000046
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: simple eye

simple eye
definition: An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity.
has db xref: Simple eyes
has db xref: TGMA:0000729
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000047
in subset: grouping class
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: eye

pinhole eye
definition: Simple eye that has a small aperture (which may be adjustable) and deep pit. It is only found in the nautiloids.
has db xref: Pinhole eye
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000048
in subset: grouping class
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: simple eye

spherical lensed eye
definition: simple eye that consists of a lens of one refractive index
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000049
in subset: grouping class
type: Class
subclass of: simple eye

simple eye with multiple lenses
definition: simple eye that has two or more lenses. Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copeopod Pontella has three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. Copilla's eyes have two lenses, which move in and out like a telescope
has db xref: Multiple lenses
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000050
in subset: grouping class
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: simple eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: lens of camera-type eye

fornix of vagina
definition: The deepest portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portion of cervix[WP,unvetted].
has broad synonym: fornix
has db xref: Vaginal fornix
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227794
has db xref: Vaginal Fornix
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245475003
has db xref: FMA:19985
has db xref: UMLS:C0227794
has exact synonym: fornix vaginae
has exact synonym: vaginal fornix
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vaginal fornices
id: UBERON:0000051
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002553
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vagina

fornix of brain
definition: A C-shaped bundle of fibres (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei. It is typically divided into the columns (crus), body, commissure and the pre-commissural and post-commissural fornix (MM).
has broad synonym: fornix
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: fornix of brain
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0152334
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458370
has db xref: Cerebral Fornix
has db xref: birnlex 705
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279302004
has db xref: BAMS:f
has db xref: DHBA:10576
has db xref: DMBA:17767
has db xref: EMAPA:35352
has db xref: FMA:61965
has db xref: FMA:83865
has db xref: HBA:9249
has db xref: MA:0002747
has db xref: UMLS:C0152334
has db xref: UMLS:C0458370
has exact synonym: brain fornix
has exact synonym: cerebral fornix
has exact synonym: forebrain fornix
has exact synonym: fornix of neuraxis
has exact synonym: neuraxis fornix
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: fornix cerebri
has related synonym: fornix hippocampus
has related synonym: hippocampus fornix
id: UBERON:0000052
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007702
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002421

macula lutea
definition: An oval area in the retina, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototopic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
has db xref: Macula of retina
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0450295
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1284755
has db xref: Macula
has db xref: Macula Lutea
has db xref: birnlex 2540
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362517001
has db xref: BTO:0003015
has db xref: EV:0100349
has db xref: FMA:58637
has db xref: GAID:909
has db xref: MA:0001306
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.729.522
has db xref: UMLS:C0450295
has db xref: UMLS:C1284755
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: macula
has related synonym: macula flava retinae
has related synonym: macula retinae
has related synonym: maculae
id: UBERON:0000053
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: retina

macula
definition: Thickened areas of the saccule or utricle where the termination of the vestibular nerve occurs[MESH,modified].
curator notes: this refers to the inner ear structure, not the macula of the retina. We follow ZFA in including a grouping class for the macula of utricle and sacule
UBPROP_0000001: Patches of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium of the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. Each patch has its own charcteristic shape and polarity pattern. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for sensory patches of the ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000007: macular
has db xref: GAID:777
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.631.909.625.125
has db xref: TAO:0000386
has db xref: ZFA:0000386
has exact synonym: macula
has exact synonym: maculae
has exact synonym: sensory macula
has exact synonym: sensory patch
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: acoustic macula
has related synonym: acoustic maculae
id: UBERON:0000054
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: tissue
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: internal ear

vessel
definition: A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph.
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000055
in subset: grouping class
type: Class
comment: compare with UBERON:0008782
subclass of: UBERON_0004111
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: UBERON_0006314

ureter
definition: Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs.
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The duct of amniotes that carries urine from a metanephric kidney to the urinary bladder. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: ureteral
UBPROP_0000007: ureteric
UBPROP_0000010: in humans, consists of adventitial, muscular and mucoa layers
has db xref: Ureter
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0041951
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302511008
has db xref: AAO:0010254
has db xref: BTO:0001409
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1084
has db xref: EFO:0000930
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002139
has db xref: EHDAA:9341
has db xref: EMAPA:17950
has db xref: EV:0100097
has db xref: FMA:9704
has db xref: GAID:438
has db xref: MA:0000378
has db xref: MAT:0000120
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.776
has db xref: MIAA:0000120
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvhmm6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0041951
has db xref: VHOG:0000605
has db xref: XAO:0000144
has db xref: galen:Ureter
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: metanephric duct
id: UBERON:0000056
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005179
subclass of: UBERON_0006555
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: renal pelvis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005081
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002355
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011143
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: urine

urethra
definition: the fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening
UBPROP_0000007: urethral
UBPROP_0000008: In human males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening.
has db xref: Urethra
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0041967
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302513006
has db xref: BTO:0001426
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1132
has db xref: EFO:0000931
has db xref: EMAPA:30901
has db xref: EV:0100099
has db xref: FMA:19667
has db xref: GAID:390
has db xref: MA:0000379
has db xref: MAT:0000121
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.444.492.726
has db xref: MIAA:0000121
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0041967
has db xref: VHOG:0001264
has db xref: XAO:0000153
has db xref: galen:Urethra
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000057
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lower urinary tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: urine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0013241
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: primitive urogenital sinus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: urinary bladder

duct
definition: A tubular structure that transports or secretes substances.
UBPROP_0000001: A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171].
UBPROP_0000012: Most ducts, but not all, are exocrine gland ducts. Some ontologies classify structures such as the oviduct here.
has db xref: Duct (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0687028
has db xref: Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/91726008
has db xref: AAO:0011123
has db xref: FBbt:00100314
has db xref: FMA:30320
has db xref: TAO:0005171
has db xref: UMLS:C0687028
has db xref: XAO:0004000
has db xref: ZFA:0005171
has db xref: galen:Duct
has exact synonym: anatomical duct
has narrow synonym: exocrine duct
has narrow synonym: exocrine gland duct
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ducts
id: UBERON:0000058
in subset: grouping class
type: Class
subclass of: tube
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: bodily secretion

large intestine
definition: A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong].
UBPROP_0000003: Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Large intestine (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0021851
has db xref: Large Intestine
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181254001
has db xref: AAO:0010396
has db xref: BTO:0000706
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1306
has db xref: EFO:0000840
has db xref: EMAPA:19252
has db xref: EV:0100077
has db xref: FMA:7201
has db xref: GAID:306
has db xref: MA:0000333
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495
has db xref: MIAA:0000046
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkF5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0021851
has db xref: VHOG:0000054
has db xref: XAO:0000131
has db xref: galen:LargeIntestine
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intestinum crassum
id: UBERON:0000059
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: UBERON_0013765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004907

anatomical wall
definition: Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers.
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA, serosa is a wall
has alternative id: UBERON:0009915
has broad synonym: wall
has db xref: EMAPA:25036
has db xref: FMA:82482
has db xref: galen:Wall
has exact synonym: wall of organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: organ wall
id: UBERON:0000060
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002553
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0004923

anatomical structure
definition: Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
has db xref: AnatomicalStructure
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362889002
has db xref: AAO:0010825
has db xref: AEO:0000003
has db xref: BILA:0000003
has db xref: CARO:0000003
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003003
has db xref: EMAPA:0
has db xref: FBbt:00007001
has db xref: FMA:67135
has db xref: GAID:781
has db xref: HAO:0000003
has db xref: MA:0003000
has db xref: MESH:A13
has db xref: TAO:0000037
has db xref: TGMA:0001823
has db xref: VHOG:0001759
has db xref: WBbt:0000100
has db xref: XAO:0003000
has db xref: ZFA:0000037
has exact synonym: biological structure
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000061
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: material anatomical entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during or before
  some values from: death stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence starts during or after
  some values from: zygote stage

organ
definition: Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP].
UBPROP_0000001: Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
UBPROP_0000012: CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4
has db xref: Organ (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0178784
has db xref: Organ
has db xref: birnlex 4
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272625005
has db xref: EFO:0000634
has db xref: EMAPA:35949
has db xref: ENVO:01000162
has db xref: FMA:67498
has db xref: MA:0003001
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5XMb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3iWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0178784
has db xref: WBbt:0003760
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anatomical unit
has related synonym: body organ
has related synonym: element
id: UBERON:0000062
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence starts during or after
  some values from: organogenesis stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has boundary
  some values from: UBERON_0006984
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anatomical system

organ segment
definition: Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball[FMA].
has db xref: FMA:86140
has exact synonym: organ region with fixed fiat boundary
has exact synonym: segment of organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000063
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: organ part

organ part
definition: Anatomical structure which has as its direct parts two or more types of tissue and is continuous with one or more anatomical structures likewise constituted by two or more portions of tissues distinct from those of their complement. Examples: osteon, cortical bone, neck of femur, bronchopulmonary segment, left lobe of liver, anterior right side of heart, interventricular branch of left coronary artery, right atrium, mitral valve, head of pancreas[FMA].
has db xref: birnlex 16
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/113343008
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/91717005
has db xref: AAO:0011124
has db xref: EFO:0000635
has db xref: FMA:82472
has exact synonym: cardinal organ part
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: regional part of organ
id: UBERON:0000064
in subset: disjointness axiom removed
in subset: efo slim
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: organ

respiratory tract
definition: Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361110005
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001606
has db xref: EHDAA:1568
has db xref: EHDAA:2219
has db xref: EMAPA:16737
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvM--pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: VHOG:0000393
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000065
type: Class
subclass of: respiratory airway
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0007026
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0008947
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory system

fully formed stage
definition: The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage.
has broad synonym: adult stage
has db xref: BTO:0001043
has db xref: BilaDO:0000004
has db xref: EFO:0001272
has db xref: FBdv:00005369
has db xref: WBls:0000041
has db xref: XtroDO:0000084
has exact synonym: fully formed animal stage
has exact synonym: juvenile-adult stage
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000066
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: life cycle stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: preceded_by
  some values from: organogenesis stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: post-embryonic stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: precedes
  some values from: death stage

embryo stage part
definition: A stage that is part of the embryo stage.
has exact synonym: embryonic stage part
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000067
in subset: grouping class
type: Class
subclass of: life cycle stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo stage
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: life cycle stage
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: embryo stage

embryo stage
definition: A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/296280003
has db xref: BilaDO:0000002
has db xref: EV:0300001
has db xref: FBdv:00005289
has db xref: HsapDv:0000002
has db xref: MmusDv:0000002
has db xref: OGES:000000
has db xref: OGES:000022
has db xref: WBls:0000003
has db xref: WBls:0000092
has db xref: WBls:0000102
has db xref: XAO:1000012
has exact synonym: embryonic stage
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: embryogenesis
id: UBERON:0000068
type: Class
subclass of: life cycle stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: precedes
  some values from: fully formed stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: precedes
  some values from: post-embryonic stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: life cycle

larval stage
definition: A distinct juvenile stage many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle.
curator notes: Uberon includes clade-specific subclasses, e.g. nematod larva
UBPROP_0000008: It is a misunderstanding that the larval form always reflects the group's evolutionary history. It could be the case, but often the larval stage has evolved secondarily, as in insects. In these cases the larval form might differ more from the group's common origin than the adult form
has db xref: Larva
has db xref: BTO:0000915
has db xref: BTO:0000954
has db xref: EFO:0001303
has db xref: FBdv:00005336
has db xref: MIAA:0000400
has db xref: OGES:000008
has db xref: ZFS:0000048
has exact synonym: larva stage
has narrow synonym: ammocoete
has narrow synonym: ammocoete stage
has narrow synonym: bipinnaria
has narrow synonym: bipinnaria stage
has narrow synonym: caterpillar
has narrow synonym: caterpillar stage
has narrow synonym: glochidium
has narrow synonym: glochidium stage
has narrow synonym: grub
has narrow synonym: grub stage
has narrow synonym: leptocephalus
has narrow synonym: leptocephalus stage
has narrow synonym: maggot
has narrow synonym: maggot stage
has narrow synonym: metacestode
has narrow synonym: naiad, nymph
has narrow synonym: naiad, nymph stage
has narrow synonym: nauplius
has narrow synonym: nauplius stage
has narrow synonym: nymph
has narrow synonym: nymph stage
has narrow synonym: planula
has narrow synonym: planula stage
has narrow synonym: tornaria
has narrow synonym: trochophore
has narrow synonym: trochophore stage
has narrow synonym: veliger
has narrow synonym: veliger stage
has narrow synonym: wriggler
has narrow synonym: wriggler stage
has narrow synonym: zoea
has narrow synonym: zoea stage
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: larva
id: UBERON:0000069
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: life cycle stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: post-embryonic stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediately_preceded_by
  some values from: embryo stage

pupal stage
definition: A life cycle stage of holometabolous insects in which the organism is a pupa and starts with the larval-pupal apolysis and ends with pupal-adult apolysis.
UBPROP_0000008: The pupal stage is found only in holometabolous insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages; embryo, larva, pupa and imago
has db xref: Pupa
has db xref: FBdv:00005349
has exact synonym: pupa stage
has narrow synonym: aurelia stage
has narrow synonym: chrysalides stage
has narrow synonym: chrysalis stage
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000070
type: Class
subclass of: life cycle stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediately_preceded_by
  some values from: larval stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: post-embryonic stage

death stage
definition: End of the life of an organism.
UBPROP_0000012: ncit:Death is an outcome
has db xref: XAO:0000437
has db xref: XtroDO:0000085
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: death
id: UBERON:0000071
type: Class
subclass of: life cycle stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: life cycle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ends
  some values from: life cycle

segment of respiratory tract
definition: An organ segment that is part of a respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition].
UBPROP_0000012: MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole
has db xref: EMAPA:16737
has db xref: MA:0000434
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: respiratory tract
id: UBERON:0000072
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory tract
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organ segment
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: respiratory tract

regional part of nervous system
definition: Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS.
created by: Melissa Haendel
creation date: 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1518256
has db xref: Nervous System Part
has db xref: birnlex 1157
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/25087005
has db xref: UMLS:C1518256
has exact synonym: part of nervous system
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000073
in subset: non informative
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: multi-tissue structure
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: nervous system

renal glomerulus
definition: A capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney[GO].
UBPROP_0000012: ZFA - The multi-tissue structure where the glomerular basement membrane supported by mesonephric podocytes filters blood from the glomerular capillaries. GUDMAP: 'Together, the Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle.' - here the glomerulus is part of the capsule?
created by: Melissa Haendel
creation date: 2009-06-18T09:26:37Z
has broad synonym: glomerulus
has db xref: Glomerulus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022663
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362217000
has db xref: BTO:0000530
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0862
has db xref: EFO:0003667
has db xref: EMAPA:28329
has db xref: EV:0100386
has db xref: FMA:15624
has db xref: MA:0001657
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.520
has db xref: TAO:0001288
has db xref: UMLS:C0022663
has db xref: ZFA:0001288
has exact synonym: renal glomeruli
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glomerular capillary tuft
has related synonym: glomerular tuft
has related synonym: glomerulus renis
has related synonym: malphigian glomerulus
has related synonym: renal corpuscle
id: UBERON:0000074
in subset: efo slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005749
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: glomerular capsule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: renal corpuscle

subdivision of skeletal system
definition: Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism.
has alternative id: UBERON:0010322
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1519343
has db xref: Skeletal System Part
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/118966000
has db xref: FMA:85544
has db xref: UMLS:C1519343
has db xref: galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure
has exact synonym: skeletal system subdivision
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: skeletal system part
id: UBERON:0000075
in subset: non informative
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011216
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skeletal system

external ectoderm
definition: The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm.
editor note: merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube)
UBPROP_0000011: (or external ectoderm) forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis
has db xref: External ectoderm
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1515087
has db xref: Surface Ectoderm
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001968
has db xref: EHDAA:1494
has db xref: EHDAA:350
has db xref: EHDAA:4784
has db xref: EHDAA:4790
has db xref: EHDAA:4796
has db xref: EHDAA:7860
has db xref: EMAPA:16096
has db xref: FMA:87656
has db xref: UMLS:C1515087
has exact synonym: surface (external) ectoderm
has exact synonym: surface ectoderm
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000076
type: Class
subclass of: unilaminar epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0005291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ectoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo

mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
definition: An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm.
curator notes: Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000077
in subset: grouping class
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: endoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: mesoderm
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical structure
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: develops_from
    some values from: endoderm
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: develops_from
    some values from: mesoderm

mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
definition: An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
curator notes: Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000078
in subset: grouping class
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: ectoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: endoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: mesoderm
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical structure
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: develops_from
    some values from: ectoderm
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: develops_from
    some values from: endoderm
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: develops_from
    some values from: mesoderm

male reproductive system
definition: The organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa.
UBPROP_0000003: By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017422
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1963704
has db xref: Male Genitalia
has db xref: Male Reproductive System
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361340001
has db xref: BTO:0000082
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1310
has db xref: EFO:0000970
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001054
has db xref: EHDAA:8136
has db xref: EMAPA:17968
has db xref: EV:0100101
has db xref: FBbt:00004927
has db xref: FMA:45664
has db xref: GAID:386
has db xref: HAO:0000505
has db xref: MA:0000396
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.444
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TGMA:0000634
has db xref: UMLS:C0017422
has db xref: UMLS:C1963704
has db xref: VHOG:0000725
has db xref: WBbt:0008423
has db xref: XAO:0000155
has exact synonym: genitalia of male organism
has exact synonym: male genital system
has exact synonym: male genitalia
has exact synonym: male genitals
has exact synonym: male organism genitalia
has exact synonym: male organism reproductive system
has exact synonym: reproductive system of male organism
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: male genital organ
has related synonym: male genital tract
has related synonym: male reproductive tract
has related synonym: systema genitale masculinum
id: UBERON:0000079
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: reproductive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003101
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: reproductive system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0003101

mesonephros
definition: The second stage of the kidney. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary embryonic kidney in higher vertebrates. It is composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo.
UBPROP_0000001: A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the middle region of the nephric ridge; a transient embryonic stage that replaces the pronephros, but is itself replaced by the adult metanephros [in mammals; in fishes and amphibians it is the adult kidney]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Organ that is the definitive adult kidney. It replaces the earlier pronephros, which degenerates as the mesonephros becomes functional in feeding stage tadpoles.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates. (...) In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: mesonephric
UBPROP_0000008: In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney[GO]
has db xref: Mesonephros
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0025492
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/308799002
has db xref: AAO:0010384
has db xref: BTO:0001542
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0624
has db xref: EFO:0000928
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001130
has db xref: EHDAA:1581
has db xref: EHDAA:5903
has db xref: EMAPA:16744
has db xref: EMAPA:27644
has db xref: FMA:72171
has db xref: GAID:1308
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.500
has db xref: TAO:0000529
has db xref: UMLS:C0025492
has db xref: VHOG:0000038
has db xref: XAO:0000141
has db xref: ZFA:0000529
has exact synonym: Wolffian body
has exact synonym: mesonephric kidney
has exact synonym: mesonephroi
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: amphibian adult kidney
has related synonym: corpus Wolffi
has related synonym: middle kidney
has related synonym: opisthonephros
has related synonym: opisto nephros
has related synonym: opistonephros
id: UBERON:0000080
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: By contrast to the pronephros, the histological features of the mesonephros, with its primitive glomeruli, suggest that it probably functions as a primitive kidney, and is involved in the production of much of the amniotic fluid. Within the two mesonephroi, one located on either side of the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut, a substantial number (in the region of about 40 or more) of cranio-caudally segmented mesonephric tubules are formed. It has, however, been suggested that only the most rostrally located 4-6 pairs of mesonephric tubules drain into the mesonephric portion of the nephric duct. This is now seen to extend along the length of the mesonephroi, being located towards their lateral sides. The mesonephros is also retained over a considerably longer period than the pronephros, but gradually undergoes regression in a cranio-caudal direction. While the rostral part displays clear evidence of regression its more caudal part appears to display evidence of functional activity. Within the medial part of the mesonephros, vesicles are formed, although no glomeruli are formed there in this species. It is, however, difficult to believe that the relatively enormous mesonephroi do not have an excretory role in the mouse, only serving as a base for gonadal differentiation. In the human embryo, the medial part of the mesonephric tubules enlarges, become invaginated by capillaries, and form glomeruli. These then take on an excretory role. In the mouse, the mesonephric ducts appear to be patent throughout their length[GUDMAP] comment: Taxon notes: The mesonephros persists and form the permanent kidneys in fishes and amphibians, but in reptiles, birds, and mammals, it atrophies and for the most part disappears rapidly as the permanent kidney (metanephros) begins to develop during the sixth or seventh week. By the beginning of the fifth month only the ducts and a few of the tubules of the mesonephros remain[WP]
subclass of: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002120

metanephros
definition: In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO]
editor note: TODO check developmental relationships
UBPROP_0000001: A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the posterior region of the nephric ridge and drained by a ureter; replaces the embryonic pronephros and mesonephros [in mammals]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: metanephric
UBPROP_0000011: During the fifth week of gestation, the mesonephric duct develops an outpouching, the ureteric bud, near its attachment to the cloaca. This bud, also called the metanephrogenic diverticulum, grows posteriorly and towards the head of the embryo. The elongated stalk of the ureteric bud, the metanephric duct, later forms the ureter. As the cranial end of the bud extends into the intermediate mesoderm, it undergoes a series of branchings to form the collecting duct system of the kidney. It also forms the major and minor calyces and the renal pelvis
has db xref: Metanephros
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0231049
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/308797000
has db xref: BTO:0001543
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001137
has db xref: EHDAA:3089
has db xref: EHDAA:5911
has db xref: EMAPA:17207
has db xref: EMAPA:17373
has db xref: FMA:72172
has db xref: UMLS:C0231049
has db xref: VHOG:0000039
has exact synonym: metanephron
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: definite kidney
has related synonym: definitive kidney
has related synonym: hind kidney
has related synonym: metanephric kidney
id: UBERON:0000081
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005753
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005080
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003220
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: developmentally_replaces
  some values from: mesonephros
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage

adult mammalian kidney
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000082
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: ureteric bud
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: metanephros

mesonephric tubule
definition: A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP].
editor note: TODO check
UBPROP_0000001: Any of the renal tubules composing the mesonephros. In mammals they function as excretory structures during the early embryonic development but are later incorporated into the reproductive system. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Mesonephric tubules
has db xref: AAO:0010389
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001134
has db xref: EMAPA:27588
has db xref: EMAPA:27659
has db xref: VHOG:0000500
has db xref: XAO:0000148
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: renal tubules
has related synonym: tubuli mesonephrici
id: UBERON:0000083
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003914
subclass of: UBERON_0005103
subclass of: UBERON_0006555
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mesonephros
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003914
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: mesonephros

ureteric bud
definition: An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP]
UBPROP_0000001: Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts. [Embryology, See_Dudek_RW_and_Fix_JD, Third_Edition_(2004)_Philadelphia:_Lippincott_William_and_Wilkins, p.137][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts[VHOG:0000541].
UBPROP_0000003: The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Ureteric bud
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1284058
has db xref: Metanephric Diverticulum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361528000
has db xref: BTO:0001646
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002140
has db xref: EHDAA:3091
has db xref: EHDAA:5917
has db xref: EMAPA:17209
has db xref: EMAPA:17376
has db xref: UMLS:C1284058
has db xref: VHOG:0000541
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: diverticulum
has related synonym: diverticulum metanephricum
has related synonym: gemma ureterica
has related synonym: metanephric bud
has related synonym: metanephric diverticulum
has related synonym: ureteric ampulla
has related synonym: ureteric diverticulum
id: UBERON:0000084
type: Class
subclass of: mesonephric tubule
subclass of: UBERON_0007499
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003074
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: developmentally_induced_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003220
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003074

morula
definition: A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum.
UBPROP_0000012: EHDAA2 has embryo starting later
has db xref: Morula
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0026573
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361474003
has db xref: BTO:0001508
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000005
has db xref: GAID:1295
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.270.550
has db xref: UMLS:C0026573
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: morula (2-16 cells)
id: UBERON:0000085
type: Class
subclass of: embryo
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004716
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: zona pellucida
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: cleavage stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence starts during
  some values from: cleavage stage

zona pellucida
definition: A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes.
UBPROP_0000003: Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: zona pellucida - vitelline membrane
has db xref: Zona pellucida
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0043519
has db xref: Zona Pellucida
has db xref: BTO:0003135
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002220
has db xref: EHDAA:31
has db xref: EHDAA:62
has db xref: EMAPA:16035
has db xref: FMA:18674
has db xref: GAID:410
has db xref: MA:0001715
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.490.690.950
has db xref: TAO:0001111
has db xref: UMLS:C0043519
has db xref: VHOG:0000720
has db xref: ZFA:0001111
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: oolemma
has related synonym: pellucid zone
has related synonym: striated membrane
has related synonym: vitelline envelope
has related synonym: vitelline membrane
has related synonym: zona radiata
has related synonym: zona striata
id: UBERON:0000086
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cell part
subclass of: acellular anatomical structure
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: female gonad

inner cell mass
definition: A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues
UBPROP_0000001: A group of cells found in the mammalian blastocyst that give rise to the embryo. [Biology_Online][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: A small sphere of cells known as the inner cell mass lies within the trophoblast (of all eutherian mammals).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000011: This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred.The ICM lies within the blastocyst cavity and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast. [Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass]
has db xref: Inner cell mass
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1283994
has db xref: Inner Cell Mass
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361456007
has db xref: EFO:0000547
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000830
has db xref: EHDAA:40
has db xref: EMAPA:16041
has db xref: FMA:86557
has db xref: UMLS:C1283994
has db xref: VHOG:0000742
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ICM
has related synonym: embryoblast
has related synonym: embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior
has related synonym: pluriblast
id: UBERON:0000087
in subset: early development
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: trophoblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: morula
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: blastocyst

trophoblast
definition: the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta
UBPROP_0000001: the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta[MP]
UBPROP_0000007: trophoblastic
UBPROP_0000011: The postimplantation derivatives of the trophectoderm, which make up most of the fetal part of the placenta
has db xref: Trophoblast
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0041178
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362839005
has db xref: BTO:0001079
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1070
has db xref: EV:0100120
has db xref: FMA:83029
has db xref: GAID:1152
has db xref: MESH:A11.936
has db xref: UMLS:C0041178
has exact synonym: trophoblast layer
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: massa cellularis externa
has related synonym: trophoblastus
has related synonym: trophoderm
id: UBERON:0000088
in subset: early development
type: Class
comment: Aggregate of cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg. [Wikipedia:Trophoblast]
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: blastocyst
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004345

hypoblast (generic)
definition: .
editor note: TODO - consider relationship to UBERON:0000091 ! bilaminar disc
curator notes: this term groups together disparate structures with different relationships.
UBPROP_0000001: A primary germ layer that can give rise to both mesoderm and endoderm.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The inner of the two layers of the blastoderm that forms during gastrulation and give rise to the definitive mesoderm and endoderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: In mammal and avian, extraembryonic endoderm such as visceral endoderm and hypoblast play essential roles in the embryonic axis formation and germ layer development. These extraembryonic tissues are generally considered to have been created in ancestral amniotes evolved from the Xenopus-type ancestor (reference 1); The endomesoderm secretes as yet unidentified signals that posteriorize the ectoderm, which would otherwise adopt an anterior fate. Our results point to a conserved function at the base of deuterostomes for beta-catenin in germ layer specification and to a causal link in the definition of the posterior part of the embryonic ectoderm by way of activating posteriorizing endomesodermal factors (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Hypoblast
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1512561
has db xref: AAO:0000229
has db xref: AAO:0010619
has db xref: BTO:0003953
has db xref: EFO:0001930
has db xref: EMAPA:32762
has db xref: MAT:0000418
has db xref: MIAA:0000418
has db xref: TAO:0000117
has db xref: UMLS:C1512561
has db xref: VHOG:0001222
has db xref: XAO:0003044
has db xref: ZFA:0000117
has exact synonym: hypoblast
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: endomesoderm
has related synonym: future endoderm and mesoderm
has related synonym: hypoblastus
has related synonym: mesendoderm
id: UBERON:0000089
in subset: early development
in subset: efo slim
in subset: grouping class
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004750

blastocele
definition: fluid-filled central region of a blastocyst.
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 7955
UBPROP_0000001: A blastocoel forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis. The blastocoel is the cavity of the blastula, a closed space which is invaded by early mesenchyme and later obliterated by the enlarging archenteron.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The cavity inside the blastula. [The_evolution_of_organ_systems_(2007)_Oxford:_Oxford_University_Press, p.150, see_Schmidt-Rhaesa_A][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: In the development of many animals, a hollow blastula stage is formed during early embryogenesis. Such a hollow blastula is even regarded as an autapomorphy of Metazoa and is present already in some sponges.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Blastocele
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361455006
has db xref: AAO:0010433
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000175
has db xref: EHDAA:50
has db xref: EMAPA:16044
has db xref: VHOG:0000811
has db xref: XAO:0000294
has exact synonym: blastocoele
has exact synonym: blastocoelic cavity
has exact synonym: blastocyst cavity
has exact synonym: cleavage cavity
has exact synonym: segmentation cavity
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: blastocelic cavity
has related synonym: blastocoel
id: UBERON:0000090
in subset: early development
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002553
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: UBERON_0002532

bilaminar disc
definition: A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc.
has broad synonym: embryonic disc
has broad synonym: embryonic shield
has broad synonym: germinal disc
has broad synonym: germinal disk
has db xref: Bilaminar disc
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1283997
has db xref: Bilaminar Embryonic Disc
has db xref: UMLS:C1283997
has exact synonym: bilaminary embryonic disc
has exact synonym: bilaminary germ disc
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bilaminar disk
id: UBERON:0000091
in subset: early development
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: inner cell mass

post-embryonic stage
definition: stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure
UBPROP_0000008: In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997)
has db xref: BilaDO:0000003
has db xref: OGES:000010
has db xref: OGES:000014
has db xref: OGES:000024
has db xref: WBls:0000022
has db xref: WBls:0000093
has db xref: WBls:0000103
has exact synonym: postembryonic stage
has narrow synonym: post-hatching stage
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: postembryonic
id: UBERON:0000092
type: Class
subclass of: life cycle stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: life cycle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: preceded_by
  some values from: embryo stage

sulcus
definition: A depression or fissure in the surface of an organ.
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-04-09T06:23:22Z
has db xref: Sulcus (anatomy)
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000093
in subset: grouping class
in subset: non informative
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical space

membrane organ
definition: Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z
has db xref: FMA:7145
has exact synonym: membrane of organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000094
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011823

cardiac neural crest
definition: portion of neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to populate the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart, forming connective tissue that separates the great vessels of the heart. [Wikipedia]
UBPROP_0000001: A subpopulation of the cephalic neural crest that emerges from the otic level to the anterior limit of somite 4. It migrates to the heart and is essential for the septation of the outflow track[doi:10.1242/dev.091751].
UBPROP_0000012: ZFA treats this as a subtype of NC.
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-07-30T07:57:38Z
has db xref: Cardiac neural crest
has db xref: TAO:0002173
has db xref: XAO:0004190
has db xref: ZFA:0001648
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cardiac neural crest complex
has related synonym: complexus cristae neuralis cardiacus
id: UBERON:0000095
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0005291
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0005428
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002342

blastopore
definition: Structure around the opening into the archenteron during the embryonic stages of an organism. The distinction between protostomes and deuterostomes is based on the direction in which the mouth (stoma) develops in relation to the blastopore.
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 7955
UBPROP_0000001: A slit-like invagination on the dorsal side of the blastula surface of the embryo where the mesoderm and endoderm move inside the embryo at gatrulation.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000008: In protostome development, the first opening in development, the blastopore, becomes the animal's mouth; In deuterostome development, the blastopore becomes the animal's anus
has db xref: Blastopore
has db xref: AAO:0000045
has db xref: BTO:0001695
has db xref: XAO:0000208
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000100
in subset: early development
in subset: metazoa core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004735

lobe of lung
definition: A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung[GO].
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225752
has db xref: Lung Lobe
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245524004
has db xref: FMA:7311
has db xref: MA:0003098
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvo6-vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0225752
has db xref: galen:LobeOfLung
has exact synonym: lung lobe
has exact synonym: pulminory lobe
has exact synonym: pulmonary lobe
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000101
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002048
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002048

lung vasculature
definition: The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs[GO].
has db xref: FMA:73750
has exact synonym: lung vascular network
has exact synonym: pulmonary vasculature
has exact synonym: vascular network of lung
has exact synonym: vasculature of lung
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000102
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002201
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0006876
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002048
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002049
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002048

obsolete life cycle stage boundary
definition: Instant starting or ending a life cycle stage. These can be arbitrary/fiat.
has db xref: span:ProcessBoundary
has exact synonym: life cycle stage transition event
has exact synonym: life cycle stage transition instant
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000103
type: Class
deprecated: true

life cycle
definition: An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism.
has db xref: Life
has db xref: FBdv:00000000
has db xref: HsapDv:0000001
has db xref: MmusDv:0000001
has db xref: OGES:000011
has exact synonym: entire life cycle
has exact synonym: entire lifespan
has exact synonym: life
has exact synonym: lifespan
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000104
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: processual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: starts with
  some values from: zygote stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ends with
  some values from: death stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: life cycle stage

life cycle stage
definition: A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism.
editor note: this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here
UBPROP_0000012: the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages
UBPROP_0000012: we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage
has db xref: Developmental Stage
has db xref: BILS:0000105
has db xref: EFO:0000399
has db xref: FBdv:00007012
has db xref: HsapDv:0000000
has db xref: MmusDv:0000000
has db xref: OlatDv:0000010
has db xref: PdumDv:0000090
has db xref: WBls:0000002
has db xref: XAO:1000000
has db xref: ZFS:0000000
has db xref: ZFS:0100000
has narrow synonym: developmental stage
has narrow synonym: stage
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000105
in subset: efo slim
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: processual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: life cycle

zygote stage
definition: A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction.
UBPROP_0000003: As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Zygote
has db xref: BILS:0000106
has db xref: BilaDO:0000005
has db xref: EFO:0001322
has db xref: EHDAA:27
has db xref: FBdv:00005288
has db xref: PdumDv:0000100
has db xref: VHOG:0000745
has db xref: XAO:1000001
has db xref: ZFS:0000001
has exact synonym: 1-cell stage
has exact synonym: fertilized egg stage
has exact synonym: one cell stage
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: fertilized egg stage
has related synonym: one-cell stage
has related synonym: zygote
has related synonym: zygotum
id: UBERON:0000106
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: embryo stage part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: starts
  some values from: life cycle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo stage

cleavage stage
definition: The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula.
has db xref: Cleavage (embryo)
has db xref: BILS:0000107
has db xref: BilaDO:0000006
has db xref: EFO:0001290
has db xref: FBdv:00000054
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.270
has db xref: MmusDv:0000004
has db xref: OGES:000015
has db xref: OGES:000020
has db xref: PdumDv:0000200
has db xref: XAO:1000004
has db xref: ZFS:0000046
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000107
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: embryo stage part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediately_preceded_by
  some values from: zygote stage

blastula stage
definition: An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
editor note: consider adding a preceding stage 'morula stage' as part of cleavage
has db xref: Blastula
has db xref: BILS:0000108
has db xref: BilaDO:0000007
has db xref: EFO:0001282
has db xref: HsapDv:0000006
has db xref: MmusDv:0000007
has db xref: OGES:000003
has db xref: OGES:000016
has db xref: OGES:000021
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg
has db xref: WBls:0000005
has db xref: XAO:1000003
has db xref: ZFS:0000045
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000108
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: embryo stage part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: preceded_by
  some values from: cleavage stage

gastrula stage
definition: A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
has db xref: BILS:0000109
has db xref: BilaDO:0000008
has db xref: EFO:0001296
has db xref: FBdv:00005317
has db xref: HsapDv:0000010
has db xref: MmusDv:0000013
has db xref: OGES:000004
has db xref: OGES:000019
has db xref: WBls:0000010
has db xref: XAO:1000005
has db xref: ZFS:0000047
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: blastocystis trilaminaris stage
has related synonym: trilaminar blastocyst stage
has related synonym: trilaminar blastoderm stage
has related synonym: trilaminar disk stage
has related synonym: trilaminar germ stage
has related synonym: trilaminar stage
id: UBERON:0000109
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: embryo stage part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: preceded_by
  some values from: blastula stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo stage

neurula stage
definition: Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
has db xref: BILS:0000110
has db xref: BilaDO:0000009
has db xref: HsapDv:0000012
has db xref: MmusDv:0000017
has db xref: XAO:1000006
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000110
type: Class
subclass of: embryo stage part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: preceded_by
  some values from: gastrula stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo stage

organogenesis stage
definition: A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism.
has db xref: Organogenesis
has db xref: BILS:0000111
has db xref: BilaDO:0000010
has db xref: HsapDv:0000015
has db xref: MmusDv:0000018
has db xref: OGES:000005
has db xref: OGES:000032
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: segmentation stage
id: UBERON:0000111
type: Class
subclass of: embryo stage part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: preceded_by
  some values from: neurula stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo stage

sexually immature stage
UBPROP_0000001: The stage of being a sexually immature adult animal[XAO:1000010].
UBPROP_0000008: In mammals this would include infant (nourishment from lactation) and juvenile (prepubertal no longer dependent on mother)
has db xref: BILS:0000112
has db xref: BTO:0002168
has db xref: EFO:0001300
has db xref: EV:0300051
has db xref: MmusDv:0000043
has db xref: OGES:000009
has db xref: TS28
has db xref: XAO:1000010
has db xref: XtroDO:0000083
has db xref: ZFS:0000051
has exact synonym: immature stage
has exact synonym: juvenile stage
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: subadult stage
id: UBERON:0000112
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: life cycle stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: fully formed stage

post-juvenile adult stage
definition: The stage of being a sexually mature adult animal.
has broad synonym: adult stage
has db xref: BILS:0000113
has db xref: EV:0300064
has db xref: EV:0300070
has db xref: MIAA:0000403
has db xref: MmusDv:0000110
has db xref: OGES:000026
has db xref: OGES:000027
has db xref: XAO:1000093
has db xref: ZFS:0000044
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000113
type: Class
subclass of: life cycle stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: preceded_by
  some values from: sexually immature stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: fully formed stage

lung connective tissue
definition: the connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin; it functions in the mechanical behavior of the lung, and forms a barrier to regulate the flow of plasma constituents from the capillaries to the airway and alveolar spaces
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/201609008
has db xref: EMAPA:35521
has db xref: FMA:27533
has db xref: MA:0001782
has exact synonym: connective tissue of lung
has exact synonym: lung portion of connective tissue
has exact synonym: lung textus connectivus
has exact synonym: portion of connective tissue of lung
has exact synonym: pulmonary interstitium
has exact synonym: textus connectivus of lung
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lung interstitial tissue
has related synonym: lung interstitium
has related synonym: pulmonary connective tissue
has related synonym: pulmonary interstitial tissue
id: UBERON:0000114
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003580
subclass of: UBERON_0003837
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002048
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002048
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002384
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002048

lung epithelium
definition: The epithelial layer of the lung.
has db xref: BTO:0001653
has db xref: EMAPA:32860
has db xref: MA:0001783
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of lung
has exact synonym: epithelium of lung
has exact synonym: lung epithelial tissue
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pulmonary epithelium
id: UBERON:0000115
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002048
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: foregut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002048
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002048

lung saccule
definition: Primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells[GO].
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000116
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002299

respiratory tube
definition: A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea.
UBPROP_0000012: in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represneted by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class)
has db xref: FMA:12224
has exact synonym: segment of tracheobronchial tree
has narrow synonym: respiratory conducting tube
has narrow synonym: segment of tracheobronchial tree
has narrow synonym: tracheobronchial tree segment
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000117
type: Class
subclass of: tube
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory tract
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: tube
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: respiratory tract

lung bud
definition: Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO].
editor note: clarify successors - include bronchi?
has db xref: Respiratory bud
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1514420
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1514897
has db xref: Primary Bronchial Bud
has db xref: Respiratory Diverticulum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361427007
has db xref: BTO:0001643
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004089
has db xref: UMLS:C1514420
has db xref: UMLS:C1514897
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: gemma pulmonalis
has related synonym: gemma respiratoria
has related synonym: lung bud
has related synonym: primary lung bud
has related synonym: respiratory diverticulum
id: UBERON:0000118
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005153
subclass of: UBERON_0005911
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0004872
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0008947
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005597

cell layer
definition: Portion of tissue, that consists of single layer of cells connected to each other by cell junctions. Examples: layer of glial cells; epithelium.
editor note: consider adding to caro
has exact synonym: layer of cells
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cell sheath
has related synonym: sheath of cells
id: UBERON:0000119
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: lamina

blood brain barrier
definition: Cell layer consisting of lining cells that separates the central nervous system and the bloodstream. The BBB may consist of endothelial cells or glial cells. An endothelial barrier may have arisen independently several times during evolution. In bichir and lungfish the barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells, while in sturgeon it is formed by a complex perivascular glial sheath, but with no detectable tight junctions.
has db xref: Blood-brain barrier
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0005854
has db xref: Blood-Brain Barrier
has db xref: nlx subcell 100205
has db xref: UMLS:C0005854
has exact synonym: blood-brain barrier
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: BBB
id: UBERON:0000120
type: Class
subclass of: cell layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: haemolymphatic fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: brain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system

perineurium
definition: A layer of thin, concentrically arranged cells with interspersed collagen that lies within the epineurium. (Nolte, J., The Human Brain 3rd edition)
UBPROP_0000001: Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle[Wikipedia:Perineurium].
UBPROP_0000007: perineurial
UBPROP_0000012: consider FBbt:00007090 (perineurium): The outer two layers of glial cells that cover the central nervous system and the nerves. The outer layer is the perineurial sheath (sometimes referred to as the perineurial sheath outer layer); the inner layer is the sub-perineural glial sheath (sometimes referred to as the perineurial sheath inner layer)
has db xref: Perineurium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0205890
has db xref: Perineural Tissue
has db xref: nlx anat 090205
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362299001
has db xref: BTO:0003153
has db xref: FMA:52585
has db xref: UMLS:C0205890
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000121
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011822
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bounding layer of
  some values from: nerve fasciculus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: epineurium

neuron projection bundle
definition: A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses.
has alternative id: UBERON:0005163
has db xref: nlx_147821
has db xref: CARO:0001001
has db xref: FBbt:00005099
has exact synonym: funiculus
has exact synonym: nerve fiber bundle
has exact synonym: neural fiber bundle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000122
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005162
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system

endoneurium
definition: The loose connective tissue within the perineurium that continues into nerve fascicles and surrounds individual fibers. (Nolte, J. The Human Brain 3rd edition)
UBPROP_0000001: a layer of delicate connective tissue that encloses the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber within a funiculus[Wikipedia:Endodeurium].
has db xref: Endodeurium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0205888
has db xref: Endoneurium
has db xref: nlx anat 090202
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/15931004
has db xref: FMA:52586
has db xref: UMLS:C0205888
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000123
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006804
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bounding layer of
  some values from: UBERON_0006134
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: perineurium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: peripheral nervous system

epineurium
definition: A loose connective tissue sheath surrounding each peripheral nerve. Composed mainly of colagen and fibroblasts, it forms a substantial covering over nerve trunks, then thins to an incomplete layer around smaller branches near their terminations. The epineurium is continuous centrally with the dura. Peripherally, it usually ends near the termination of a nerve fiber, but it may continue as the capsule of Meissner corpuscles and a few other encapsulated endings. Nolte, J. The Human Brain 3rd edition
UBPROP_0000001: outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve. It includes the blood vessels supplying the nerve. It consists of adipose tissue and fibrocollagenous tissues[Wikipedia:Epineurium].
has db xref: Epineurium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0205889
has db xref: nlx anat 090203
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/64482002
has db xref: BTO:0003154
has db xref: FMA:12234
has db xref: UMLS:C0205889
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000124
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011822
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: peripheral nervous system

neural nucleus
definition: A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO)
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO][GO_REF:0000021].
UBPROP_0000012: Proposed CUMBO def from MM: A subcortical part of the nervous system consisting of a relatively compact group of cells that is distinguishable histologically that share a commonality of cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecturel and connectivity. (comments: I put in 'subcortical' because I don't think we consider either the cerebellar cortex or cerebral cortex to be nuclei. Some people distinguish between a nucleus and a laminar structure (see Wikipedia definition). However, there are structures identified as nuclei that are laminar, e.g., lateral geniculate nucleus, although they are not laminated in all species. Also, I put in 'relatively compact' and 'distiguishable by histology' because we have groups of cells, e.g., cholinergic cell groups, doparminergic cell groups that are related on the 3 criteria but which we don't tend to consider nuclei because they don't occupy an easily defined territory. But all is open to debate.
has broad synonym: nucleus
has db xref: Nucleus (neuroanatomy)
has db xref: nlx_28443
has db xref: AEO:0000136
has db xref: FMA:83686
has exact synonym: nervous system nucleus
has exact synonym: neuraxis nucleus
has exact synonym: neuronal nucleus
has exact synonym: nucleus of CNS
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nucleus of neuraxis
id: UBERON:0000125
in subset: cumbo
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011215
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: central nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002020

cranial nerve nucleus
definition: Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves
has db xref: Cranial nerve nucleus
has db xref: nlx_28532
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280160003
has db xref: FMA:54501
has exact synonym: cranial neural nucleus
has exact synonym: nucleus of cranial nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nucleus nervi cranialis
id: UBERON:0000126
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002308
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: cranial nerve
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002308
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: cranial nerve

facial nucleus
definition: the group of motor neurons residing in the pons that innervate the muscles of facial expression
UBPROP_0000012: FMA has 3 subclasses - left, right and motor nucleus of facial nerve, but no defs. It's not clear how facial nucleus is distinct from facial motor nucleus.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228740
has db xref: Facial Nerve Nucleus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280166009
has db xref: BAMS:7
has db xref: BAMS:7N
has db xref: BAMS:VII
has db xref: BM:Pons-VII
has db xref: DHBA:12420
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004638
has db xref: EMAPA:35338
has db xref: EV:0100267
has db xref: FMA:54572
has db xref: MA:0001014
has db xref: UMLS:C0228740
has db xref: VHOG:0001412
has exact synonym: facial VII nucleus
has exact synonym: facial nerve nucleus
has exact synonym: nucleus of facial nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: facial VII motor nucleus
id: UBERON:0000127
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve nucleus
subclass of: UBERON_0006331
subclass of: UBERON_0009662
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: facial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0010123
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: pons
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pons
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial nerve nucleus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: facial nerve

olivary body
definition: prominent oval structure in the medulla oblongata, present in pairs, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei
has db xref: Olivary body
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279293003
has db xref: BTO:0002299
has exact synonym: olive body
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: oliva
has related synonym: olivary nucleus
has related synonym: olive
id: UBERON:0000128
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010000
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: medulla oblongata

transverse foramen
definition: Foramen that pierces the transverse processes of the seven cervical vertebrae. In the upper six vertebrae, the foramen gives passage to the vertebral artery, vertebral vein, and a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The seventh foramen lacks the artery, but contains the vein and sympathetic nerves.
has db xref: Transverse foramen
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280735005
has db xref: FMA:23997
has exact synonym: foramen transversarium
has exact synonym: foramen transversarium of cervical vertebra
has exact synonym: transverse foramen of cervical vertebra
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: foramen transversarium
id: UBERON:0000130
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010276
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: conduit for
  some values from: UBERON_0012373
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: conduit for
  some values from: vertebral vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002413

trochlea of humerus
definition: The medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. It is directly inferior to the most prominent anterior humeral fossia, the Coronoid fossia. It articulates with the ulna.
has db xref: Trochlea of humerus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/282817004
has db xref: FMA:23370
has exact synonym: humeral trochlea
has exact synonym: trochlea humeri
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000144
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005055
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004404

pectoral fin
definition: Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body.
UBPROP_0000001: Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Paired fin that is located in the thoracic region of the body.[VSAO]
has db xref: Fins
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/416982006
has db xref: BTO:0004653
has db xref: TAO:0001161
has db xref: VSAO:0000147
has db xref: ZFA:0001161
has exact synonym: forefin
has exact synonym: nageoire pectorale@fr
has exact synonym: omoptérygie@fr
has exact synonym: thoracoptérygie@fr
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000151
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002534
subclass of: UBERON_0004710
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has skeleton
  some values from: UBERON_0010710
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005419
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010708
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002534
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0010708

pelvic fin
definition: Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body.
UBPROP_0000001: Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Paired fin located in the abdominal position of the body.[VSAO]
has db xref: Fins
has db xref: BTO:0004651
has db xref: EFO:0003644
has db xref: TAO:0001184
has db xref: VSAO:0000129
has db xref: ZFA:0001184
has exact synonym: ischioptérygie@fr
has exact synonym: nageoire pelvienne@fr
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000152
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002534
subclass of: UBERON_0004709
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010709
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has skeleton
  some values from: UBERON_0010711
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005420
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002534
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0010709

anterior region of body
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000153
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: anterior_to
  some values from: posterior region of body

posterior region of body
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000154
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision

theca cell layer
definition: A layer of the ovarian follicle that consists of theca cells.
UBPROP_0000009: The theca folliculi are responsible for the production of testosterone from androstenedione in females, and indirectly the production of estrogens by supplying the neighboring granulosa cells with androstenedione that can then be used as a substrate for aromatase. [Wikipedia:Theca_of_follicle]
has db xref: Theca of follicle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361385000
has db xref: BTO:0002853
has db xref: EFO:0003629
has db xref: EMAPA:35636
has db xref: FMA:18656
has db xref: MA:0001712
has db xref: TAO:0001113
has db xref: ZFA:0001113
has exact synonym: layer of theca cells
has exact synonym: ovary theca
has exact synonym: theca cell layer of ovarian follicle
has exact synonym: theca of follicle
has exact synonym: thecal cell layer
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ovarian theca
has related synonym: theca folliculi
id: UBERON:0000155
in subset: efo slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cell layer
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ovarian follicle

theca externa
definition: The theca externa is the outer layers of the theca folliculi. It contains abundant collagen and is mainly supportive.
has alternative id: UBERON:0005182
has db xref: Theca externa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/258767003
has db xref: BTO:0002852
has db xref: FMA:18657
has db xref: MA:0001713
has exact synonym: ovary theca externa
has exact synonym: theca externa (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius)
has exact synonym: tunica externa of theca folliculi
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: external coat of theca folliculi
has related synonym: tunica externa thecae folliculi
id: UBERON:0000156
type: Class
subclass of: membranous layer
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bounding layer of
  some values from: theca cell layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: theca interna

theca interna
definition: Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone, which when activated will stimulate the production of androstenedione from cholesterol by the enzyme desmolase. Androstenedione ultimately gives the granulosa cells the precursor substrate for estrogen manufacturing.
has alternative id: UBERON:0005183
has db xref: Theca interna
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/258869006
has db xref: BTO:0002851
has db xref: FMA:18658
has db xref: MA:0001714
has exact synonym: ovary theca interna
has exact synonym: theca interna (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius)
has exact synonym: tunica interna of theca folliculi
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: internal coat of capsule of graafian follicle
has related synonym: tunica interna thecae folliculi
id: UBERON:0000157
type: Class
subclass of: membranous layer
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: theca cell layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: theca cell layer

membranous layer
has db xref: FMA:82500
has exact synonym: membranous organ component
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000158
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004923

anal canal
definition: The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus.
editor note: requires alignment with EHDAA2 and complete developmental relationships
has db xref: Anal canal
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227411
has db xref: Anal Canal
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245438008
has db xref: BTO:0001978
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2160
has db xref: EMAPA:18256
has db xref: FMA:15703
has db xref: MA:0000330
has db xref: UMLS:C0227411
has db xref: galen:AnalCanal
has exact synonym: anal canal
has exact synonym: anal canal viewed anatomically
has exact synonym: anatomical anal canal
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anal pad
has related synonym: anus
has related synonym: canalis analis
has related synonym: cloaca
has related synonym: cloacal chamber
has related synonym: mesenteron
has related synonym: pars analis recti
id: UBERON:0000159
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004111
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: UBERON_0001988
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: rectum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: anus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0011272

intestine
definition: Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine.
editor note: This class is probably too inclusive
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: intestinal
UBPROP_0000008: In zebrafish, No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type.
has db xref: Intestine
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0021853
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/256876008
has db xref: AAO:0000246
has db xref: ANISEED:1235303
has db xref: BSA:0000093
has db xref: BTO:0000648
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0490
has db xref: EFO:0000834
has db xref: EMAPA:32874
has db xref: EMAPA:35180
has db xref: EV:0100071
has db xref: FMA:7199
has db xref: GAID:295
has db xref: MA:0000328
has db xref: MA:0001524
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.411
has db xref: MIAA:0000043
has db xref: TAO:0001338
has db xref: UMLS:C0021853
has db xref: VHOG:0000056
has db xref: WBbt:0005772
has db xref: XAO:0000129
has db xref: ZFA:0001338
has db xref: galen:Intestine
has exact synonym: bowel
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intestinal tract
id: UBERON:0000160
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005409
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: digestive system

orifice
definition: Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces, surrounded by two or more subdivisions of two or more organs. Examples: right atrioventricular orifice, orifice of artery, hilum of kidney, porta hepatis[FMA,modified].
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/91837002
has db xref: FMA:3724
has exact synonym: anatomical orifice
has exact synonym: anatomical ostium
has narrow synonym: hilum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000161
in subset: upper ontology conflict
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004111

cloaca
definition: Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures
editor note: adding df link to embryonic cloaca leads to a cycle in uberon-simple, as cloaca is a suberclass of embryonic cloaca
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 9369
UBPROP_0000001: A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates as well as the terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder, and genital primordia in mammalian embryos. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical structure which is the common receptacle for the alimentary canal, Wolffian ducts, oviducts, and the bladder.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: A cloaca is apparently a primitive vertebrate feature because it occurs in most primitive gnathostomes and persists in the embryos of almost all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: cloacal
UBPROP_0000008: Human beings only have an embryonic cloaca, which is split up into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs
UBPROP_0000011: hindgut endoderm and proctodeal ectoderm.
has db xref: Cloaca
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0008987
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362857006
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/370631000
has db xref: AAO:0000095
has db xref: GAID:1206
has db xref: MESH:A13.223
has db xref: UMLS:C0008987
has db xref: VHOG:0001186
has db xref: XAO:0000244
has db xref: ZFA:0005781
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cloacal chamber
has related synonym: vent
id: UBERON:0000162
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004122
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: digestive tract

embryonic cloaca
definition: endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP].
curator notes: this class represents the embryonic form of the cloaca, as found in both mammals and non-mammals.
has db xref: Cloaca (embryology)
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000256
has db xref: EHDAA:4895
has db xref: EMAPA:27573
has db xref: EMAPA:27638
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cloaca
id: UBERON:0000163
type: Class
subclass of: cloaca
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003064
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: renal system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012361

primitive urogenital sinus
definition: the ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females
UBPROP_0000001: The ventral part of the cloaca after its separation from the rectum, giving rise to the lower part of the bladder in both sexes, to the prostatic portion of the male urethra, and to the urethra and vestibule in the female. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: In mammals the lowly monotremes still have a cloaca. Higher types have done away with this structure and have a separate anal outlet for the rectum. The monotreme cloaca shows the initiation of this subdivision. The cloaca has such includes only the distal part, roughly comparable to the proctodeum. The more proximal part is divided into (1) a large dorsal passage into which the intestine opens, the coprodeum, and (2) a ventral portion, the urodeum with which the bladder connects. (...) the development of the placental mammals recapitulates in many respects the phylogenetic story. In the sexually indifferent stage of placental mammal there is a cloaca. While the indifferent stage still persists, a septum develops, and extends out to the closing membrane. This divides the cloaca into two chambers: a coprodeum continuous with the gut above, and a urodeum or urogenital sinus below.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000013: the term 'urogenital sinus' may refer to the primitive urogenital sinus present as a transient developmental structure in most mammals or it may refer to a condition in which an unseptated cloaca persists in animals longer than normal
has broad synonym: urogenital sinus
has db xref: Definitive urogenital sinus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0231057
has db xref: Urogenital Sinus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/50961009
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004060
has db xref: EHDAA:5029
has db xref: EHDAA:5919
has db xref: EMAPA:17211
has db xref: EMAPA:17379
has db xref: UMLS:C0231057
has db xref: VHOG:0000414
has exact synonym: UGS
has exact synonym: fetal UGS
has exact synonym: sinus urogenitalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000164
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005423
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryonic cloaca
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: renal system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: embryonic cloaca
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003064

mouth
definition: The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks).
UBPROP_0000001: Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: oral
UBPROP_0000011: some AOs place this as developing from the stomodeum but we weaken this to developmental contribution, as the mouth includes non-ectodermal derivatives
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips
has db xref: Mouth
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/21082005
has db xref: AAO:0010355
has db xref: BTO:0001090
has db xref: BTO:0004698
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1315
has db xref: EFO:0000825
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001326
has db xref: EHDAA:542
has db xref: EMAPA:16262
has db xref: FBbt:00003126
has db xref: FMA:49184
has db xref: GAID:75
has db xref: MA:0000341
has db xref: MA:0002474
has db xref: MAT:0000038
has db xref: MESH:A01.456.505.631
has db xref: MIAA:0000038
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TADS:0000040
has db xref: TAO:0000547
has db xref: TAO:0000590
has db xref: TGMA:0000131
has db xref: VHOG:0000280
has db xref: VHOG:0000812
has db xref: XAO:0003029
has db xref: ZFA:0000547
has db xref: ZFA:0000590
has db xref: galen:Mouth
has exact synonym: regio oralis
has narrow synonym: adult mouth
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cavital oralis
has related synonym: cavitas oris
has related synonym: cavum oris
has related synonym: mouth cavity
has related synonym: oral region
has related synonym: oral vestibule
has related synonym: rima oris
has related synonym: stoma
has related synonym: stomatodaeum
has related synonym: trophic apparatus
has related synonym: vestibule of mouth
has related synonym: vestibulum oris
id: UBERON:0000165
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004906
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: stomodeum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximalmost_part_of
  some values from: digestive tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: respiratory system
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004921
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: proximalmost_part_of
    some values from: digestive tract

oral opening
definition: The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body.
UBPROP_0000003: (...) mouth development is very similar in protostomes and 'basal' deuterostomes, whereas the chordate mouth seems to develop at a new position. Recent data for echinoderms and hemichordates further suggest that this change in mouth position may result from change in the influence of a conserved ectodermal patterning system on mouth development. It has been suggested that the mouths of vertebrates and urochordates may constitute a 'new' mouth.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: FMA:59806
has exact synonym: oral fissure
has exact synonym: oral orifice
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mouth
has related synonym: oral part of face
id: UBERON:0000166
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: orifice
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mouth

oral cavity
definition: Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present)
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical cavity bounded anteriorly by the mouth and posteriorly by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures (muscles and mucosa). [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates are called deuterostomes because the mouth arises not from the blastopore but from a second invagination at the anterior end of the larva that pushes in to connect with the archenteron.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226896
has db xref: Oral Cavity
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181220002
has db xref: AAO:0000053
has db xref: AAO:0000960
has db xref: BSA:0000107
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1315
has db xref: EFO:0001975
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001324
has db xref: EHDAA:6970
has db xref: EMAPA:17411
has db xref: EMAPA:18399
has db xref: EV:0100057
has db xref: FMA:20292
has db xref: HAO:0000669
has db xref: TAO:0001027
has db xref: TGMA:0000102
has db xref: UMLS:C0226896
has db xref: VHOG:0000188
has db xref: WBbt:0005255
has db xref: XAO:0000126
has db xref: ZFA:0001027
has exact synonym: buccal cavity
has exact synonym: cavity of mouth
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bucca
id: UBERON:0000167
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002553
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mouth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: luminal space of
  some values from: mouth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: mouth
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical space
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: luminal space of
    some values from: mouth

segment of colon
definition: An organ segment that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition].
has db xref: FMA:222905
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000168
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: colon
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organ segment
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: colon

pair of lungs
has db xref: FMA:68877
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has exact synonym: lungs
has exact synonym: lungs pair
has exact synonym: pulmones
has exact synonym: set of lungs
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000170
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002167
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002168
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002224
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lower respiratory tract

respiration organ
definition: Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272626006
has db xref: EMAPA:17607
has db xref: SPD:0000428
has db xref: TGMA:0001247
has exact synonym: apparatus respiratorius organ
has exact synonym: breathing organ
has exact synonym: organ of apparatus respiratorius
has exact synonym: organ of respiratory system
has exact synonym: respiratory organ
has exact synonym: respiratory system organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: gas exchange organ
id: UBERON:0000171
in subset: functional classification
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory system

vomit
definition: Vomit is a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose.
has db xref: Vomitus
has db xref: ENVO:00000338
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViQTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: galen:Vomitus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vomitus
id: UBERON:0000172
type: Class
subclass of: organism substance

amniotic fluid
definition: Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0002638
has db xref: Amniotic Fluid
has db xref: BTO:0000068
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0034
has db xref: ENVO:02000021
has db xref: EV:0100123
has db xref: GAID:1155
has db xref: MA:0002893
has db xref: MESH:A12.098
has db xref: UMLS:C0002638
has db xref: VHOG:0001267
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: acqua amnii
has related synonym: liquor amnii
id: UBERON:0000173
type: Class
subclass of: organism substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: amnion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: embryo

excreta
definition: Excreta are bodily fluids consisting of waste matter, such as sweat or feces, discharged from the body.
has alternative id: UBERON:0000324
has alternative id: UBERON:0007550
has db xref: AEO:0000184
has db xref: BTO:0000491
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003184
has db xref: ENVO:02000022
has db xref: FMA:9674
has db xref: galen:Excretion
has exact synonym: excreted substance
has exact synonym: waste substance
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: excretion
id: UBERON:0000174
type: Class
subclass of: organism substance

pleural effusion
definition: Pleural effusion is a bodily fluid that is produced in exess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation.
has db xref: Pleural Effusion
has db xref: ENVO:02000033
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rLaTGCK2TEduAAAAOpmP6tw
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000175
type: Class
comment: Editor noyes: cede to MPATH? Note the ncit class is under finding.
subclass of: pleural fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002402

oronasal secretion
definition: A bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose.
has db xref: ENVO:02000035
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000176
type: Class
subclass of: organism substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produced_by
  some values from: nasal cavity mucosa

pus
definition: Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells.
UBPROP_0000012: biospecimen in NCIT
has db xref: Pus
has db xref: ENVO:02000038
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjG6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: galen:Pus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: purulent exudate
id: UBERON:0000177
type: Class
subclass of: organism substance

blood
definition: Circulating body substance which consists of blood plasma and hemoglobin-carrying red blood cells. Excludes blood analogues (see UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid).
UBPROP_0000001: A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Blood
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0005767
has db xref: AAO:0000046
has db xref: BTO:0000089
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0079
has db xref: EFO:0000296
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000176
has db xref: EHDAA:418
has db xref: EMAPA:16332
has db xref: ENVO:02000027
has db xref: EV:0100047
has db xref: FMA:9670
has db xref: GAID:965
has db xref: MA:0000059
has db xref: MESH:A12.207.152
has db xref: MIAA:0000315
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000007
has db xref: UMLS:C0005767
has db xref: VHOG:0000224
has db xref: XAO:0000124
has db xref: ZFA:0000007
has db xref: galen:Blood
has exact synonym: portion of blood
has exact synonym: vertebrate blood
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: whole blood
id: UBERON:0000178
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: haemolymphatic fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004535
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0001969
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0006596
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002390

haemolymphatic fluid
definition: Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs.
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-04-08T04:38:19Z
has db xref: CARO:0000081
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: blood or blood analog
has related synonym: circulating fluid
id: UBERON:0000179
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002193
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organism substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002193

lateral lumbar region of abdomen
definition: A region of the posterior torso (lower back) beneath the ribs and above the ilium.
has db xref: Latus (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0230171
has db xref: Flank
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/243329008
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2336
has db xref: FMA:14603
has db xref: UMLS:C0230171
has db xref: galen:Flank
has exact synonym: flank
has exact synonym: lateral region
has exact synonym: lateral region of abdomen
has exact synonym: latus
has exact synonym: regio lateralis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000180
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: abdomen

neck of radius
definition: The narrow part of the shaft of the radius just below the head.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181942005
has db xref: FMA:23479
has db xref: galen:NeckOfRadius
has exact synonym: collum radii
has exact synonym: radial neck
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000199
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005055
subclass of: UBERON_0018664
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: radius bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004413
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: neck of organ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: radius bone

gyrus
definition: A ridge on the cerebral cortex. It is generally surrounded by one or more sulci .
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_72015
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Gyrus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458308
has db xref: Cerebral Gyrus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279165009
has db xref: BTO:0002495
has db xref: FMA:83874
has db xref: UMLS:C0458308
has exact synonym: cerebral gyrus
has exact synonym: gyrus of neuraxis
has exact synonym: neuraxis gyrus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: folia
has related synonym: folium
has related synonym: folium of brain
has related synonym: gyri
has related synonym: gyri of cerebrum
has related synonym: gyrus of cerebrum
id: UBERON:0000200
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: UBERON_0013118
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral hemisphere

endothelial blood brain barrier
definition: A blood brain barrier that is composed of endothelial cells.
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-04-10T08:15:44Z
has db xref: NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100205
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000201
type: Class
subclass of: blood brain barrier
subclass of: epithelium

glial blood brain barrier
definition: A blood brain barrier composed of glial cells.
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-04-10T08:42:24Z
has db xref: FBbt:00007091
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000202
type: Class
subclass of: blood brain barrier

pallium
definition: Dorsal part (roof region) of the telencephalon[GO].
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 7762
UBPROP_0000003: In the anatomy of animals, an avian pallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain. Pallium of avian species tend to be relatively large, comprising ~75% of the telencephalic volume.
UBPROP_0000008: In humans the cerebrum has three parts: the archipallium, the paleopallium and the neopallium. The developing telencephalon or forebrain is divided into pallium and subpallium. In amphibians, the cerebrum includes archipallium, paleopallium and some of the basal nuclei. Reptiles first developed a neopallium, which continued to develop in the brains of more recent species to become the neocortex of humans and Old World monkeys. In fish, the archipallium is the largest part of the cerebrum. Some researchers suggest the early archipallium gave rise to the human hippocampus
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-04-18T12:03:09Z
has alternative id: UBERON:0007333
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Avian pallium
has db xref: Pallium (neuroanatomy)
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369224000
has db xref: BTO:0003399
has db xref: DMBA:15903
has db xref: EFO:0003534
has db xref: TAO:0000505
has db xref: TAO:0007007
has db xref: ZFA:0000505
has exact synonym: area dorsalis telencephali
has exact synonym: dorsal part of telencephalon
has exact synonym: dorsal telencephalic area
has exact synonym: dorsal telencephalon
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000203
in subset: developmental classification
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: telencephalon

ventral part of telencephalon
definition: Dorsal part (base region) of the telencephalon.
UBPROP_0000012: BTO term refers specifically to the avian structure
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-04-18T12:12:27Z
has db xref: BTO:0003401
has db xref: DMBA:15751
has db xref: EFO:0003522
has db xref: TAO:0000304
has db xref: ZFA:0000304
has exact synonym: area ventralis telencephali
has exact synonym: subpallium
has exact synonym: ventral telencephalon
has narrow synonym: subpallium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000204
in subset: developmental classification
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: pallium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: telencephalon

papula
definition: A thin protuberance on the surface of the body of an echinoderm containing diverticula of the water vascular system lined by ciliated peritoneum. Along with tube feet, provide the principle gas exchange surfaces..
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-04-18T01:13:57Z
has exact synonym: papulae
has exact synonym: papulli
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000205
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002535

pharyngeal gill
definition: A gill that develops in the walls of the pharynx along a series of gill slits opening to the exterior. In fish, the gills are located on both sides of the pharynx.
UBPROP_0000008: In bony fish, the gills are covered by a bony cover called an operculum. When a fish breathes, it opens its mouth at regular times and draws in a mouthful of water. It then draws the sides of its throat together, forcing the water through the gill openings. The water passes over the gills on the outside. Valves inside the mouth keep the water from escaping through the mouth again. The operculum can be very important in adjusting the pressure of water inside of the pharynx to allow proper ventilation of the gills. Lampreys and sharks lack an operculum, they have multiple gill openings. Also, they must use different methods to force water over the gills. In sharks and rays, this ventilation of the gills is achieved either by the use of spiracles or ram ventilation (ventilation by constantly swimming). Although some animals use this method it is much better for animals to use a spiracle because they are less susceptible to injury
UBPROP_0000009: Gills are made of filaments which help increase surface area for oxygen exchange
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-04-18T01:18:17Z
has db xref: Vertebrate gills
has db xref: ANISEED:1235300
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000206
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002535
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: chordate pharynx

compound eye corneal lens
definition: A chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells.
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-04-18T01:35:32Z
has db xref: FBbt:00004199
has db xref: TADS:0000304
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: acellular lens
id: UBERON:0000207
type: Class
subclass of: acellular anatomical structure
subclass of: UBERON_0005389
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: compound eye

obsolete cellular lens
term replaced by: UBERON:0000965
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-04-18T01:37:39Z
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000208
type: Class
deprecated: true

tetrapod frontal bone
definition: the bone forming the forehead and roof of the eye orbit
UBPROP_0000008: fused in humans, paired in other animals
UBPROP_0000011: In the mouse the parietal originates from cephalic paraxial mesoderm (Jiang 2000; Morriss-Kay 2001), whereas in the chicken it is traced back to either mesodermal (Noden 1978) or neural crest (Couly 1992, 1993).
has db xref: Frontal bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0016732
has db xref: Frontal Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181793006
has db xref: AAO:0000206
has db xref: EMAPA:19016
has db xref: FMA:52734
has db xref: GAID:226
has db xref: MA:0001466
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.375
has db xref: UMLS:C0016732
has db xref: VHOG:0001324
has db xref: VSAO:0000208
has narrow synonym: frontal
has narrow synonym: frontal bone
has narrow synonym: os frontal
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: os frontale
id: UBERON:0000209
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002514
subclass of: UBERON_0008907
subclass of: UBERON_0010428
subclass of: UBERON_0011164
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: neurocranium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: orbit of skull
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003113

tetrapod parietal bone
definition: In humans: bone forming side and roof of cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles.
UBPROP_0000003: The homologization of cranial bones of actinopterygians with those of sarcopterygians based on the bone names established in human anatomy is favored in order to permit the building of phylogenetic relationship schemes beyond the taxonomic boundaries of osteichthyans (including tetrapods). (...) In actinopterygians, the terms parietal and postparietal bones have to replace the commonly used terms 'frontal' and 'parietal' bones for the two paired bones on the skull roof.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: The frontal bone in teleost fish is the homolog of the parietal bone in tetrapods[various]. In many non-mammalian tetrapods, they are bordered to the rear by a pair of postparietal bones that may be solely in the roof of the skull, or slope downwards to contribute to the back of the skull, depending on the species. In the living tuatara, and many fossil species, a small opening, the parietal foramen, lies between the two parietal bones. This opening is the location of a third eye in the midline of the skull, which is much smaller than the two main eyes
has db xref: Parietal bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030558
has db xref: Parietal Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181794000
has db xref: AAO:0000390
has db xref: EMAPA:18715
has db xref: FMA:9613
has db xref: GAID:229
has db xref: MA:0001469
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.651
has db xref: UMLS:C0030558
has db xref: VHOG:0001324
has db xref: VHOG:0001326
has narrow synonym: actinopterygian frontal bone
has narrow synonym: frontal bone
has narrow synonym: parietal
has narrow synonym: parietal bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: os parietale
id: UBERON:0000210
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002514
subclass of: UBERON_0010428
subclass of: UBERON_0011164
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004339
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: neurocranium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0004339

ligament
definition: Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.
UBPROP_0000001: Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament[FMA][FMA:21496].
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of connective tissue that connects bone or cartilage.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Compared with their Ediacarian predecessor, Cambrian animals in general were characterized by their much stouter bodies. The stoutness of the body is likely due to the formation of ligaments and tendons, which in turn requires the crosslinking of collagen triple helices.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: this groups both skeletal and non-skeletal ligaments. What is called a 'ligament' in many AOs is actually a skeletal ligament
has db xref: Ligament
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0023685
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182358004
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2145
has db xref: EFO:0001966
has db xref: EMAPA:35493
has db xref: FMA:21496
has db xref: FMA:30319
has db xref: MA:0000113
has db xref: MESH:A02.513
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjqpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001682
has db xref: UMLS:C0023685
has db xref: VHOG:0001272
has db xref: XAO:0004031
has db xref: ZFA:0001675
has db xref: galen:Ligament
has exact synonym: ligament organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000211
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002384

toilet claw
definition: A specialized claw or nail on the foot of certain primates, used for personal grooming.
created by: cjm
creation date: 2009-05-19T08:19:58Z
has db xref: Toilet-claw
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000212
type: Class
subclass of: nail

vertebral arch of axis
definition: A neural arch that is part of a vertebral bone 2.
has db xref: FMA:24053
has exact synonym: vertebral foramen of cervical vertebra 2
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000218
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003861
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vertebral bone 2
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003861
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: vertebral bone 2

vertebral foramen of atlas
definition: .
has db xref: Vertebral foramen
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281228008
has db xref: FMA:24293
has exact synonym: vertebral foramen of cervical vertebra 1
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000219
type: Class
subclass of: vertebral foramen
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vertebral bone 1
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vertebral foramen
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: vertebral bone 1

atlanto-occipital joint
definition: The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital
has db xref: Atlanto-occipital joint
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0004169
has db xref: Atlanto-occipital Joint
has db xref: Atlanto-occipital Joint-Atlanto
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361831006
has db xref: FMA:24939
has db xref: UMLS:C0004169
has exact synonym: articulatio atlanto-occipitalis
has exact synonym: atlanto occipital joint
has exact synonym: atlantooccipital joint
has exact synonym: craniovertebral joint
has exact synonym: occipito atlantal joint
has exact synonym: occipito-atlantal joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: articulatio atlantooccipitalis
id: UBERON:0000220
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002217
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006072
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: occipital bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011138
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: vertebral bone 1
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002217
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: vertebral bone 1
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: occipital bone

supraauricular point
definition: A craniometric point on the posterior root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone directly above the auricular point.
has db xref: FMA:224222
has exact synonym: supra-auricular part of head
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000221
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006983
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004655

amniotic cavity
definition: A closed space between the embryo and the amnion which contains the amniotic fluid and is formed by the fusion of the parts of the anterior and posterior amniotic folds.
UBPROP_0000001: The closed sac between the embryo and the amnion, containing the amniotic fluid. [Free_Online_Medical_Dictionary]
has db xref: Amniotic cavity
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0230976
has db xref: Amniotic Cavity
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280366002
has db xref: BTO:0000025
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000119
has db xref: EHDAA:83
has db xref: EMAPA:16079
has db xref: FMA:63941
has db xref: UMLS:C0230976
has db xref: VHOG:0000855
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cavitas amniotica
id: UBERON:0000301
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0012467
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0009742
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: amniotic fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_in
  some values from: inner cell mass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0012466
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: UBERON_0005971

adductor longus
definition: An adductor muscle that attaches to the hip and femur. In humans, it is a part of the adductor group of the thigh, that as the name suggests adducts the thigh. The adductor longus muscle forms the medial wall of the femoral triangle[WP, generalized].
UBPROP_0000001: Originates on the iliac portion of the ventral iliac rim and inserts on the lateral surface of the M. adductor magnus.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000012: definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - 'Originates on the iliac portion of the ventral iliac rim and inserts on the lateral surface of the M. adductor magnus.' [AAO:0010034]
has db xref: Adductor longus muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181686003
has db xref: AAO:0010034
has db xref: BTO:0000029
has db xref: EMAPA:36220
has db xref: FMA:22441
has exact synonym: adductor longus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Musculus adductor longus
has related synonym: long adductor muscle
has related synonym: musculus adductor longus
id: UBERON:0000303
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011144
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: pubis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: femur
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hindlimb stylopod

tendon sheath
definition: A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath
editor note: TODO - add layer relations. 'tendon sheath' GAT in FMA.
has db xref: Tendon sheath
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224856
has db xref: Tendon Sheath
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361885006
has db xref: BTO:0000051
has db xref: FMA:45087
has db xref: FMA:76715
has db xref: UMLS:C0224856
has exact synonym: synovial tendon sheath
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vagina tendinis
id: UBERON:0000304
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004923
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bounding layer of
  some values from: tendon
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004923
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bounding layer of
    some values from: tendon

amnion
definition: the thin innermost layer of the extraembryonic membranes that contains the amniotic fluid; the membrane forms a closed sac in which the embryo and later, the fetus, is suspended and protected
UBPROP_0000001: A thin but tough extraembryonic membrane of reptiles, birds and mammals that lines the chorion and contains the fEtus and the amniotic fluid around it. [Biology_Online][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: amniotic
has db xref: Amnion
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0002630
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181457005
has db xref: BTO:0000065
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0033
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000116
has db xref: EHDAA:136
has db xref: EMAPA:16109
has db xref: EV:0100122
has db xref: FMA:80223
has db xref: GAID:1298
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.403.277
has db xref: UMLS:C0002630
has db xref: VHOG:0000721
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000305
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005631
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0003262
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0004871
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0003254
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: ectoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: embryo
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005971

blastula
definition: Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
editor note: TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula
has alternative id: UBERON:0007011
has db xref: Blastula
has db xref: BILA:0000059
has db xref: BTO:0000128
has db xref: GAID:1294
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.270.274
has db xref: OGEM:000006
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg
has exact synonym: blastula embryo
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: blastosphere
id: UBERON:0000307
in subset: inconsistent with fma
type: Class
subclass of: embryo
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0007010
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence starts and ends during
  some values from: blastula stage
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: multicellular organism
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: existence starts and ends during
    some values from: blastula stage

body wall
definition: The external portion of an animal body derived from ectoderm and mesoderm layers that encloses the body cavity.
UBPROP_0000008: defined generically to encompass both vertebrates and invertebrates
UBPROP_0000012: the BTO class refers to earthworms.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281483004
has db xref: BTO:0000139
has db xref: EMAPA:32761
has db xref: FMA:10427
has db xref: galen:BodyWall
has exact synonym: wall fo trunk
has narrow synonym: trunk wall
has narrow synonym: wall of trunk
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000309
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision

breast
definition: The upper ventral region of an animal's torso.
UBPROP_0000008: The breasts of a female primate’s body contain the mammary glands, which secrete milk used to feed infants. Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. However, at puberty female sex hormones, mainly estrogens, promote breast development, which does not happen with men. As a result women's breasts become more prominent than men's.
has db xref: Breast
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0006141
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181131000
has db xref: BTO:0000149
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2083
has db xref: EV:0100124
has db xref: FMA:9601
has db xref: GAID:33
has db xref: MESH:A01.236
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjV7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0006141
has db xref: galen:Breast
has exact synonym: mammary part of chest
has exact synonym: mammary region
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mamma
id: UBERON:0000310
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: chest

extensor muscle
definition: A muscle that, upon contraction, tends to straighten a joint or limb. The antagonist of a flexor muscle[BTO]. Any of the muscles that increase the angle between members of a limb, as by straightening the elbow or knee or bending the wrist or spine backward. The movement is usually directed backward, with the notable exception of the knee joint. In humans, certain muscles of the hand and foot are named for this function. In the hand these include the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi ulnaris, which run from the humerus (bone of the upper arm) along the back of the forearm to the metacarpal bones at the back of the hand[Britannica]
has db xref: BTO:0000151
has db xref: FMA:75000
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: extensor
id: UBERON:0000311
type: Class
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010962

inner cambium layer of periosteum
has db xref: FMA:234358
has exact synonym: cambial layer
has exact synonym: cambial layer of periosteum
has exact synonym: cambium
has exact synonym: cambium layer of periosteum
has exact synonym: inner cambial layer of periosteum
has exact synonym: internal layer of periosteum
has exact synonym: internal periosteum
has exact synonym: osteogenic layer of periosteum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000312
type: Class
subclass of: membranous layer
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011824
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002515

portion of cartilage tissue in tibia
definition: Cartilage pertaining to the tibia.
curator notes: This class represents a portion of cartilage tissue located in the tibia, *not* the cartilaginous condensation of an emrbyonic tibia
has db xref: BTO:0000207
has db xref: FMA:33923
has exact synonym: tibial cartilage
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cartilage of tibia
id: UBERON:0000313
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004270
subclass of: UBERON_0007391
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: tibia
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002418
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: tibia

cecum mucosa
definition: A mucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition].
has db xref: BTO:0000213
has db xref: FMA:14998
has exact synonym: Cecal mucosa
has exact synonym: caecum mucosa
has exact synonym: caecum mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: caecum mucous membrane
has exact synonym: caecum organ mucosa
has exact synonym: cecum mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: cecum mucous membrane
has exact synonym: cecum organ mucosa
has exact synonym: intestinum crassum caecum mucosa
has exact synonym: intestinum crassum caecum mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: intestinum crassum caecum mucous membrane
has exact synonym: intestinum crassum caecum organ mucosa
has exact synonym: mucosa of caecum
has exact synonym: mucosa of cecum
has exact synonym: mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of caecum
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of cecum
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of intestinum crassum caecum
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of caecum
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of cecum
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of intestinum crassum caecum
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of caecum
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of cecum
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000314
type: Class
subclass of: colonic mucosa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: caecum
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: caecum

subarachnoid space
definition: The space between the arachnoid and pia mater.
has db xref: Subarachnoid space
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362311001
has db xref: BTO:0000230
has db xref: EMAPA:32666
has db xref: FMA:83716
has db xref: GAID:689
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.566.166.686
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cavitas subarachnoidea
has related synonym: cavum subarachnoideale
has related synonym: spatium leptomeningeum
has related synonym: spatium subarachnoideum
has related synonym: subarachnoid cavity
id: UBERON:0000315
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical space
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002362
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: UBERON_0001981
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: brain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: cerebrospinal fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002361
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical space
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: adjacent_to
    some values from: UBERON_0002361
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: adjacent_to
    some values from: UBERON_0002362

cervical mucus
definition: A substance produced by the cervix and endocervical glands[BTO]. Thick acidic mucus that blocks the cervical os after mestruation[WP]. This 'infertile' mucus blocks spermatozoa from entering the uterus.
has db xref: Reproductive system
has db xref: BTO:0000242
has db xref: FMA:83689
has db xref: MESH:A12.200.503.339
has exact synonym: cervix mucus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000316
type: Class
subclass of: mucus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produced_by
  some values from: uterine cervix
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: produced_by
    some values from: uterine cervix

colonic mucosa
definition: Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells.
has alternative id: UBERON:0003347
has alternative id: UBERON:0004981
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362157008
has db xref: BTO:0000271
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0164
has db xref: EFO:0003038
has db xref: EMAPA:27375
has db xref: FMA:14984
has db xref: FMA:85388
has db xref: MA:0003194
has exact synonym: colon mucosa
has exact synonym: colon mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: colon mucous membrane
has exact synonym: colon organ mucosa
has exact synonym: colonic mucosa
has exact synonym: colonic mucous membrane
has exact synonym: large bowel mucosa
has exact synonym: large bowel mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: large bowel mucous membrane
has exact synonym: large bowel organ mucosa
has exact synonym: mucosa of colon
has exact synonym: mucosa of large bowel
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of colon
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of large bowel
has exact synonym: mucosa of segment of colon
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of colon
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of large bowel
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of colon
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of large bowel
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000317
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: mucosa of large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: colon
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: colon

cytotrophoblast
definition: The cytotrophoblast (or layer of Langhans) is the inner layer of the trophoblast, interior to the syncytiotrophoblast in an embryo. It serves to anchor the embryonic chorion to the maternal endometrium. Cytotrophoblasts are stem cells in the chorionic villi. During differentiation, mononuclear cytotrophoblast fuse together into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts. The primary villi has only the cytotrophoblast as an axe. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: todo - unify with EHDAA2, which distinguishes multiple types of cytotrophoblast
UBPROP_0000001: A derivative layer of the trophoblast, the cells of which retain their boundaries and contribute to the extraembryonic mesoderm [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.189, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]
has db xref: Cytotrophoblast
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0230960
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/308841008
has db xref: BTO:0000322
has db xref: EHDAA:127
has db xref: EHDAA:152
has db xref: EHDAA:89
has db xref: EMAPA:16067
has db xref: FMA:83039
has db xref: UMLS:C0230960
has db xref: VHOG:0000683
has exact synonym: cellular trophoblast
has exact synonym: cytotrophoblastic cell layer
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Langhans' layer
has related synonym: cytotrophoblastic cell
has related synonym: cytotrophoblastus
has related synonym: layer of Langhans
id: UBERON:0000319
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: syncytiotrophoblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: decidua basalis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: trophoblast

duodenal mucosa
definition: A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition].
has alternative id: UBERON:0003348
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362146003
has db xref: BTO:0000367
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0213
has db xref: EMAPA:27235
has db xref: FMA:14942
has db xref: MA:0003207
has exact synonym: Doudenal mucosa
has exact synonym: Duodenal mucous membrane
has exact synonym: mucosa of duodenum
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of duodenum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: duodenum mucosa
id: UBERON:0000320
type: Class
subclass of: mucosa of small intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002114
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002114

late embryo
editor note: TODO - check fetus/embryo. WP: An embryo is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination. In humans, it is called an embryo until about eight weeks after fertilization (i.e. ten weeks LMP), and from then it is instead called a fetus.
UBPROP_0000001: Fetal structure, which is a developmental form of a vertebrate animal at any given time point from 8 weeks of gestation to birth (or hatching). Examples: There is only one fetus[FMA:63919].
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015965
has db xref: Fetus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/83418008
has db xref: BTO:0000449
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0360
has db xref: EFO:0001323
has db xref: FBbt:00005333
has db xref: FMA:63919
has db xref: GAID:552
has db xref: MESH:A16.378
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0015965
has narrow synonym: fetus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: embryo late growth stage
has related synonym: embryo late stage
id: UBERON:0000323
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: embryo
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends with
  some values from: UBERON_0007220

gastric gland
definition: Any of the branched tubules in the inner lining of the stomach that secrete gastric juice and protective mucus.
has db xref: BTO:0000503
has db xref: EMAPA:27181
has db xref: FMA:14919
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000325
in subset: grouping class
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002365
subclass of: UBERON_0003294
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006924

pancreatic juice
definition: Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach.
has db xref: BTO:0000504
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2235
has db xref: FMA:62973
has db xref: GAID:1166
has db xref: MESH:A12.200.567
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pancreatic fluid
has related synonym: pancreatic secretion
has related synonym: succus pancreaticus
id: UBERON:0000326
type: Class
subclass of: bodily secretion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produced_by
  some values from: pancreas
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bodily secretion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: produced_by
    some values from: pancreas

gut wall
definition: The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity).
curator notes: We model the digestive tract as consisting of two parts: the wall and the lumen.
has db xref: BTO:0000547
has db xref: FMA:45653
has exact synonym: digestive tract wall
has exact synonym: wall of digestive tract
has exact synonym: wall of gut
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: wall of alimentary tract
id: UBERON:0000328
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical wall
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: digestive tract
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical wall
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: digestive tract

hair root
definition: The enlarged basal part of a hair within the skin[BTO]. The root of the hair ends in an enlargement, the hair bulb, which is whiter in color and softer in texture than the shaft, and is lodged in a follicular involution of the epidermis called the hair follicle. [Wikipedia].
has db xref: Hair root
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1182707
has db xref: Hair Follicle Inferior Segment
has db xref: Hair Root
has db xref: BTO:0000555
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0433
has db xref: FMA:70730
has db xref: UMLS:C1182707
has exact synonym: root of hair
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000329
type: Class
subclass of: cutaneous appendage
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: strand of hair

ileal mucosa
definition: A mucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition].
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/85458007
has db xref: BTO:0000619
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0470
has db xref: EMAPA:35424
has db xref: FMA:14956
has db xref: MA:0003216
has exact synonym: ileal mucous membrane
has exact synonym: ileum mucosa
has exact synonym: ileum mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: ileum mucous membrane
has exact synonym: ileum organ mucosa
has exact synonym: mucosa of ileum
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of ileum
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of ileum
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of ileum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000331
type: Class
subclass of: mucosa of small intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002116
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002116

yellow bone marrow
definition: bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/328639002
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/5023006
has db xref: BTO:0000635
has db xref: FMA:74596
has exact synonym: medulla ossium flava
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: fat marrow
has related synonym: yellow marrow
id: UBERON:0000332
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002371

intestinal gland
definition: A gland that is part of the intestinal mucosa. Examples include the intestinal crypts, duodenal gland[cjm].
UBPROP_0000012: Note that some sources treat 'intestinal gland' as synonymous with crypts
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/266297002
has db xref: BTO:0000640
has db xref: FMA:15052
has exact synonym: bowel mucosa gland
has exact synonym: bowel mucosa of organ gland
has exact synonym: bowel mucous membrane gland
has exact synonym: bowel organ mucosa gland
has exact synonym: gland of bowel mucosa
has exact synonym: gland of bowel mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: gland of bowel mucous membrane
has exact synonym: gland of bowel organ mucosa
has exact synonym: gland of intestinal mucosa
has exact synonym: gland of intestine mucosa
has exact synonym: gland of intestine mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: gland of intestine mucous membrane
has exact synonym: gland of intestine organ mucosa
has exact synonym: gland of mucosa of bowel
has exact synonym: gland of mucosa of intestine
has exact synonym: gland of mucosa of organ of bowel
has exact synonym: gland of mucosa of organ of intestine
has exact synonym: gland of mucous membrane of bowel
has exact synonym: gland of mucous membrane of intestine
has exact synonym: gland of organ mucosa of bowel
has exact synonym: gland of organ mucosa of intestine
has exact synonym: glandula intestinalis
has exact synonym: intestinal mucosa gland
has exact synonym: intestine mucosa gland
has exact synonym: intestine mucosa of organ gland
has exact synonym: intestine mucous membrane gland
has exact synonym: intestine organ mucosa gland
has exact synonym: mucosa of bowel gland
has exact synonym: mucosa of intestine gland
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of bowel gland
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of intestine gland
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of bowel gland
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of intestine gland
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of bowel gland
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of intestine gland
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glandulae intestinales
id: UBERON:0000333
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003408
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestinal mucosa
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002530
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: intestinal mucosa

throat
definition: In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000007: gular
UBPROP_0000008: The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals.
has db xref: Throat
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0230069
has db xref: BTO:0000828
has db xref: FMA:228738
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQtO_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0230069
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: gula
id: UBERON:0000341
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: neck

mucosa
definition: A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]
UBPROP_0000007: mucosal
UBPROP_0000012: FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately
has db xref: Mucous membrane
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0026724
has db xref: Mucosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361693009
has db xref: AEO:0000199
has db xref: BTO:0000886
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2031
has db xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234
has db xref: EV:0100382
has db xref: FMA:85355
has db xref: FMA:85358
has db xref: GAID:297
has db xref: MESH:A10.615.550
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0026724
has db xref: galen:Mucosa
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ part
has exact synonym: mucosal region
has exact synonym: mucous membrane
has exact synonym: organ mucosa
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: region of mucosa
has related synonym: tunica mucosa
id: UBERON:0000344
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004923
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: epithelium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002384

myelin
definition: A dielectric (electrically insulating) material consisting of protein and fat that forms a layer, the myelin sheath, usually around only the axon of a neuron. Myelin is about 40 % water; the dry mass of myelin is about 70 - 85 % lipids and about 15 - 30 % proteins. Some of the proteins that make up myelin are myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and proteolipid protein (PLP). The primary lipid of myelin is a glycolipid called galactocerebroside (GalC). The intertwining hydrocarbon chains of sphingomyelin serve to strengthen the myelin sheath.
editor note: cede to other ontology. Retired in ncit
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 6340
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 6681
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 7742
has db xref: Myelin
has db xref: BTO:0000894
has db xref: FMA:62977
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000345
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system

obsolete myelin membrane
consider: BTO:0000895
consider: FMA:73417
has exact synonym: myelinated plasma membrane of Schwann cell
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000346
type: Class
comment: BTO has def The multilamellar myelin membrane is a specisalised lipid-rich domain of the glial cell plasma membrane. FMA has primary term name Myelinated plasma membrane of Schwann cell
deprecated: true

myelin sheath
definition: The insulating envelope that surrounds nerve fibers or axons.
editor note: do not cede to GO until GO includes has_part link to myelin
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0026973
has db xref: Myelin Sheath
has db xref: BTO:0000900
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2363
has db xref: FMA:62983
has db xref: GAID:731
has db xref: GO:0043209
has db xref: MESH:A08.637.600.500
has db xref: UMLS:C0026973
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: medullary sheath
id: UBERON:0000347
type: Class
subclass of: cell part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: myelin

ophthalmic nerve
definition: The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the orbit and its contents, the nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and forehead.
UBPROP_0000001: Sensory medial ramus of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The profundus nerve is a distinct nerve only in fishes. (...) In mammals, the profundus nerve is the same as the most rostral (ophthalmic) branch of the trigeminal nerve.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Ophthalmic nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0029082
has db xref: Ophthalmic Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280210000
has db xref: AAO:0010648
has db xref: BTO:0000926
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002088
has db xref: EHDAA:3744
has db xref: EMAPA:17800
has db xref: FMA:52621
has db xref: GAID:837
has db xref: MA:0001104
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.760.650
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwEs_K5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0029082
has db xref: VHOG:0001349
has exact synonym: cranial nerve V, branch V1
has exact synonym: first branch of fifth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: first division of fifth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: first division of trigeminal nerve
has exact synonym: nervus ophthalmicus (V1)
has exact synonym: nervus ophthalmicus (Va)
has exact synonym: nervus ophthalmicus [v1]
has exact synonym: nervus ophthalmicus [va]
has exact synonym: ophthalmic division [V1]
has exact synonym: ophthalmic division [Va]
has exact synonym: ophthalmic division of fifth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1)
has exact synonym: ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (Va)
has exact synonym: ophthalmic nerve [V1]
has exact synonym: ophthalmic nerve [Va]
has exact synonym: opthalmic nerve
has exact synonym: ramus opthalmicus profundus (ramus V1)
has exact synonym: rostral branch of trigeminal nerve
has exact synonym: trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ciliary nerve
has related synonym: ethmoidal nerve
has related synonym: ophthalmic division
has related synonym: profundus
has related synonym: profundus nerve
has related synonym: trigeminal nerve ophthalmic division
id: UBERON:0000348
type: Class
comment: Terminology notes. This nerve is known by a ridiculous number of names[http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html]
subclass of: UBERON_0011779
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: trigeminal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: UBERON_1000021

limbic system
definition: A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex].
editor note: obsoletion proposes. The current part_of children were chosen as the intersection of what is stated in wikipedia and in the FMA. NIF: We are including Limbic System because it is still used by neuroscientists and others, but as a data annotation term, it is very poor because it is not a clearly defined entity.
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Limbic system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0023715
has db xref: Limbic System
has db xref: UBERON_0000349
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361342009
has db xref: BTO:0000928
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1307
has db xref: FMA:242000
has db xref: GAID:615
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAeba5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0023715
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: visceral brain
id: UBERON:0000349
in subset: non informative
type: Class
comment: includes the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, and limbic cortex, which support a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long term memory, and olfaction [Wikipedia]
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: forebrain

nuchal ligament
definition: A fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the upper vertebrae.
UBPROP_0000009: As it is required for running, not all animals have a nuchal ligament
has db xref: Nuchal ligament
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/166962007
has db xref: BTO:0000952
has db xref: EMAPA:19207
has db xref: FMA:13427
has exact synonym: ligament of neck
has exact synonym: ligamentum nuchae
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: paddywhack
has related synonym: paxwax
id: UBERON:0000351
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005174
subclass of: UBERON_0008846
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002413
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: occipital bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012477

parenchyma
definition: functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues.
UBPROP_0000007: parenchymal
UBPROP_0000011: Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin
UBPROP_0000012: the FMA definition is more restrictive, and limits this to solid organs. This would seem to cause problems for the lung parenchyma, except FMA classifies Lung as solid rather than cavitated
has db xref: Parenchyma
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0933845
has db xref: EHDAA:3015
has db xref: EHDAA:3905
has db xref: EHDAA:3999
has db xref: EHDAA:4005
has db xref: EHDAA:6899
has db xref: EHDAA:6903
has db xref: EHDAA:6994
has db xref: EHDAA:8086
has db xref: EHDAA:9182
has db xref: EHDAA:9190
has db xref: EHDAA:9196
has db xref: EHDAA:9202
has db xref: FMA:45732
has db xref: UMLS:C0933845
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000353
type: Class
subclass of: organ part

pharyngeal mucosa
definition: A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition].
has alternative id: UBERON:0003344
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362121003
has db xref: BTO:0001047
has db xref: EMAPA:26957
has db xref: FMA:55031
has db xref: MA:0003143
has exact synonym: Mucous membrane of pharynx
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of pharynx
has exact synonym: mucosa of pharynx
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of pharynx
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of pharynx
has exact synonym: pharynx mucosa
has exact synonym: pharynx mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: pharynx mucous membrane
has exact synonym: pharynx organ mucosa
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa pharyngea
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa pharyngis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mucous membrane of the pharynx
id: UBERON:0000355
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0004785
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: chordate pharynx
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: chordate pharynx

blastocyst
definition: The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO].
editor note: Gilbert fig11.32 has blastocyst has giving rise to ICM and trophoblast (which in this source is a synonym for trophectoderm)
has db xref: Blastocyst
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1281743
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/308837009
has db xref: BTO:0001099
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0076
has db xref: EFO:0000295
has db xref: EMAPA:36035
has db xref: EV:0100394
has db xref: FMA:83041
has db xref: GAID:1153
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.085
has db xref: UMLS:C1281743
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: blastocystis
has related synonym: blastula
id: UBERON:0000358
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence starts and ends during
  some values from: blastula stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: blastula
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: trophoblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: inner cell mass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: morula

preputial gland
definition: A aired, lobulated, modified sebaceous glands located in the inguinal region adjacent to the penis and vagina, with pheromonal functions in male rodents; in males, the preputial gland empties into the preputial cavity and in females, the preputial (aka clitoral) gland duct empties into the clitoral fossa.
UBPROP_0000001: the paired, lobulated, modified sebaceous glands of the corona, the neck of the glans penis, and the inner surface of the prepuce with pheromonal functions in male rodents; male preputial secretions strongly attract females, may accelerate estrus, and have been implicated in intermale aggression; homologous to the clitoral glands (aka female preputial glands) in female rodents; there is no true anatomical equivalent in humans.
UBPROP_0000003: There is debate about whether humans have functional homologues to preputial glands.
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_71652
has db xref: Preputial gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1947929
has db xref: Prepucial Gland MMHCC
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278916008
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0824
has db xref: EMAPA:35701
has db xref: MA:0003044
has db xref: UMLS:C1947929
has exact synonym: glandulae preputiales
has exact synonym: preputial glands
has exact synonym: preputial glands set
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: clitoral/preputial gland
has related synonym: set of preputial glands
id: UBERON:0000359
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003937
subclass of: UBERON_0015251
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: reproductive system

obsolete rectal gland
consider: UBERON:0004757
consider: UBERON:0004758
consider: UBERON:0004759
consider: UBERON:0004760
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000360
type: Class
deprecated: true

red bone marrow
definition: The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/328538003
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/75330005
has db xref: BTO:0001160
has db xref: FMA:74595
has exact synonym: medulla ossium rubra
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: red marrow
id: UBERON:0000361
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002371

renal medulla
definition: the inner portion of the kidney consisting of the renal pyramids
has db xref: Renal medulla
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022664
has db xref: Renal Medulla
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/30737000
has db xref: BTO:0001167
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1157
has db xref: EMAPA:19279
has db xref: GAID:425
has db xref: MA:0000373
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.453.466
has db xref: UMLS:C0022664
has db xref: galen:MedullaOfKidney
has exact synonym: kidney medulla
has exact synonym: medulla of kidney
has exact synonym: medulla renalis
has exact synonym: pyramides renales
has exact synonym: renal medullae
has exact synonym: renal medullae set
has exact synonym: renal pyramids
has exact synonym: renal pyramids set
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: medullary pyramids
has related synonym: renal marrow
id: UBERON:0000362
type: Class
comment: The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the arcuate arterioles. The arcuate arterioles each in turn branch into interlobular arterioles, which finally reach the glomeruli. At the glomerulus the blood reaches a highly disfavourable pressure gradient and a large exchange surface area, which forces the serum portion of the blood out of the vessel into the renal tubules. Flow continues through the renal tubules, including the proximal tubule, the Loop of Henle, and finally leaves the kidney by means of the collecting duct, leading to the renal ureter. The renal medulla contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood. The renal medulla is hypertonic to the filtrate in the nephron and aids in the reabsorption of water
subclass of: medulla of organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0004200
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: medulla of organ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002113

reticuloendothelial system
definition: A part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue. The cells are primarily monocytes and macrophages, and they accumulate in lymph nodes and the spleen. The Kupffer cells of the liver and tissue histiocytes are also part of the RES[WP].
has db xref: Reticuloendothelial system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0035287
has db xref: Reticuloendothelial System
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278874002
has db xref: BTO:0001174
has db xref: EV:0100048
has db xref: FMA:84189
has db xref: GAID:1004
has db xref: MESH:A15.382.812
has db xref: UMLS:C0035287
has exact synonym: RES
has exact synonym: lymphoreticular system
has exact synonym: mononuclear phagocyte system
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lymphoreticular
id: UBERON:0000363
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical group
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002405
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006804

obsolete rootlet
consider: FMA:76787
has db xref: BTO:0001192
has exact synonym: Rootlets
has exact synonym: Rootlets set
has exact synonym: fila radicularia
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000364
type: Class
deprecated: true

urothelium
definition: An epithelial tissue layer that lines much of the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, the ureters, the bladder, and parts of the urethra.
editor note: consider merging with transitional epithelium. MA uses the label 'urothelium' exclusively. FMA uses 'transitional epithelium' and has 'urothelium' as a sibling. FMA also lists 'urothelium' as the only example of 'transitional epithelium'. MP treats them differently
UBPROP_0000007: urothelial
has broad synonym: transitional epithelium
has db xref: Urothelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227598
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/57789003
has db xref: BTO:0003906
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1096
has db xref: EMAPA:28089
has db xref: FMA:67695
has db xref: GAID:935
has db xref: MESH:A10.272.850
has db xref: UMLS:C0227598
has exact synonym: uroepithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000365
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005910
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: renal system
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0005910
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: renal system

flexor muscle
definition: A muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body.
UBPROP_0000001: A muscle that decreases the angle of a joint.[TAO]
has db xref: BTO:0001257
has db xref: FMA:74559
has db xref: FMA:74999
has db xref: TAO:0005271
has db xref: ZFA:0005271
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: flexor
id: UBERON:0000366
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010977

adductor brevis
definition: The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately behind the pectineus and adductor longus. It is somewhat triangular in form, and arises by a narrow origin from the outer surfaces of the superior and inferior rami of the pubis, between the gracilis and obturator externus. Its fibers, passing backward, lateralward, and downward, are inserted, by an aponeurosis, into the line leading from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera and into the upper part of the linea aspera, immediately behind the pectineus and upper part of the adductor longus.[WP].
has db xref: Adductor brevis muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181687007
has db xref: BTO:0001288
has db xref: EMAPA:36219
has db xref: FMA:22442
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv13lfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has exact synonym: Musculus adductos brevis
has exact synonym: adductor brevis muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000368
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011144
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hindlimb stylopod
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: pubis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002504
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0005465

corpus striatum
definition: The corpus striatum (striated body) is a compound structure consisting of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus, which consists of the putamen and the globus pallidus[WP].
UBPROP_0000003: Thus, certain telencephalic characters - such as the presence of a pallium divided into lateral, dorsal, and medial formations and a subpallium divided into striatum and septum - appear to characterize all vertebrates. They are primitive characters and are homologous among all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000013: The term has been used in a few different ways: * It is a pair of nuclear masses which form the basal ganglia, along with the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra. * It may also refer to both the basal ganglia and internal capsule collectively.[2]
has alternative id: UBERON:0010082
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Corpus striatum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0010097
has db xref: Corpus Striatum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279318005
has db xref: BAMS:CSTR
has db xref: BTO:0001311
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0183
has db xref: EFO:0000381
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000596
has db xref: EMAPA:17549
has db xref: EV:0100184
has db xref: FMA:77616
has db xref: GAID:667
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487
has db xref: UMLS:C0010097
has db xref: VHOG:0001175
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: striate body
has related synonym: striated body
id: UBERON:0000369
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
comment: * According to the 1917 version of Gray's Anatomy, it is the combination of the lentiform nucleus (also known as the lenticular nucleus) and the caudate nucleus * According to BrainInfo it is a part of the basal ganglia comprising the globus pallidus and striatum
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002420

adductor magnus
definition: An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, the adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh. The portion which arises from the ischiopubic ramus (a small part of the inferior ramus of the pubis, and the inferior ramus of the ischium) is called the 'adductor magnesius portion', and the portion arising from the tuberosity of the ischium is called the 'hamstring portion'. The hamstring portion is not considered part of the hamstring group of muscles, but it is adjacent to it.[WP,generalized].
UBPROP_0000001: Origin by two heads that are separated by a ventral tendon of the M. semitendinosus. One head originates from the ventral border of the pubic portion of the pelvic rim. The other head originates from the ischiatic border of the pelvic rim. The ventral head fuses with accessory head from the M. semitendinosus and inserts along the ventro-medial border of the femur. The dorsal belly merges with the ventral and accessory heads and inserts along the medial surface of the femur.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000012: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - 'Origin by two heads that are separated by a ventral tendon of the M. semitendinosus. One head originates from the ventral border of the pubic portion of the pelvic rim. The other head originates from the ischiatic border of the pelvic rim. The ventral head fuses with accessory head from the M. semitendinosus and inserts along the ventro-medial border of the femur. The dorsal belly merges with the ventral and accessory heads and inserts along the medial surface of the femur.' [AAO:0010040]
has db xref: Adductor magnus muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181688002
has db xref: AAO:0010040
has db xref: BTO:0001312
has db xref: EMAPA:36221
has db xref: FMA:22443
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvuSd6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: galen:AdductorMagnus
has exact synonym: adductor magnus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus adductor magnus
id: UBERON:0000370
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011144
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: sciatic nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0005465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: femur
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hindlimb stylopod
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: pubis

syncytiotrophoblast
definition: extraembryonic cells of trophoblastic shell surrounding embryo, outside the cytotrophoblast layer, involved with implantation of the blastocyst by eroding extracellular matrix surrounding maternal endometrial cells at site of implantation, also contribute to villi. (dark staining, multinucleated).
has db xref: Syncytiotrophoblast
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1135936
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/256965005
has db xref: BTO:0001335
has db xref: EHDAA:129
has db xref: EHDAA:91
has db xref: EMAPA:16068
has db xref: FMA:83040
has db xref: UMLS:C1135936
has exact synonym: syncytial trophoblast
has exact synonym: syntrophoblast layer
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: syncitiotrophoblast
has related synonym: syncitiotrophoblastus
has related synonym: syntrophoblast
id: UBERON:0000371
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: trophoblast
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004364

extensor digitorum brevis
definition: A muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 2 through 4.
has db xref: Extensor digitorum brevis muscle
has db xref: BTO:0001337
has db xref: EMAPA:36258
has db xref: FMA:51140
has exact synonym: extensor digitorum brevis muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus extensor digitorum brevis
id: UBERON:0000372
type: Class
subclass of: extensor muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0003221
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: calcaneus

tapetum of corpus callosum
definition: On either side of the corpus collosum, the fibers radiate in the white substance and pass to the various parts of the cerebral cortex; those curving forward from the genu into the frontal lobe constitute the forceps anterior, and those curving backward into the occipital lobe, the forceps posterior. Between these two parts is the main body of the fibers which constitute the tapetum and extend laterally on either side into the temporal lobe, and cover in the central part of the lateral ventricle. [Wikipedia via Greys]
UBPROP_0000012: not to be confused with BTO:0001350 or GO:0048655-tapetal layer morphogenesis
has broad synonym: tapetum
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Tapetum of corpus callosum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279312006
has db xref: DHBA:12027
has db xref: FMA:77208
has db xref: HBA:265504966
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: tapetum corporis callosi
id: UBERON:0000373
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002437
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002336

mandibular nerve
definition: The motor and sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, temporal region, the cheek, the skin overlying the mandible, the anterior portion of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lower teeth and gingiva and transmits motor information from the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle and the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini.
has db xref: Mandibular nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0024695
has db xref: Inferior Maxillary Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280212008
has db xref: AAO:0010688
has db xref: AAO:0010703
has db xref: BTO:0001375
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002086
has db xref: EMAPA:17798
has db xref: FMA:52996
has db xref: GAID:834
has db xref: MA:0001101
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.760.500
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvcQKSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0024695
has db xref: VHOG:0001345
has exact synonym: inferior maxillary nerve
has exact synonym: mandibular division [V3]
has exact synonym: mandibular division [Vc]
has exact synonym: mandibular division of fifth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve [Vc; V3]
has exact synonym: mandibular nerve [V3]
has exact synonym: mandibular nerve [Vc]
has exact synonym: nervus mandibularis [Vc; V3]
has exact synonym: nervus mandibularis [v3]
has exact synonym: nervus mandibularis [vc]
has exact synonym: ramus mandibularis (ramus V3)
has exact synonym: third division of fifth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: third division of trigeminal nerve
has exact synonym: trigeminal V nerve mandibular division
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: n. mandibularis
has related synonym: nervus mandibularis
has related synonym: trigeminal nerve mandibular division
id: UBERON:0000375
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011779
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: trigeminal nerve

hindlimb stylopod
definition: The part of the hindlimb between pelvis and the knee, corresponding to the femur.
UBPROP_0000003: Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000013: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group.
has db xref: Thigh
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039866
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302544002
has db xref: BTO:0001376
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2039
has db xref: EFO:0001943
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002130
has db xref: EHDAA:5171
has db xref: EHDAA:6200
has db xref: EMAPA:17499
has db xref: FMA:24967
has db xref: GAID:50
has db xref: MA:0000052
has db xref: MESH:A01.378.610.750
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjN7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0039866
has db xref: VHOG:0000349
has db xref: galen:Thigh
has exact synonym: hind limb stylopod
has exact synonym: hind limb stylopodium
has exact synonym: hind propodium
has exact synonym: hindlimb propodium
has exact synonym: hindlimb stylopod
has exact synonym: hindlimb stylopodium
has exact synonym: inferior member stylopod
has exact synonym: lower extremity stylopod
has exact synonym: proximal segment of free lower limb
has exact synonym: stylopod of hind limb
has exact synonym: stylopod of hindlimb
has exact synonym: stylopod of inferior member
has exact synonym: stylopod of lower extremity
has exact synonym: stylopod of lower limb
has exact synonym: thigh
has exact synonym: upper leg
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: femur
id: UBERON:0000376
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002472
subclass of: UBERON_0008784
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has skeleton
  some values from: UBERON_0015052
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: leg
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002472
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002103

maxillary nerve
definition: The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses.
UBPROP_0000001: Medial ramus (sensory) of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: part_of trunk maxillary-mandibularis (AAO:0010669)[AAO]
has db xref: Maxillary nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280211001
has db xref: AAO:0010670
has db xref: BTO:0001378
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002087
has db xref: EMAPA:17799
has db xref: FMA:52724
has db xref: GAID:836
has db xref: MA:0001103
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.760.550
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNU9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: VHOG:0001346
has exact synonym: maxillary division [V2]
has exact synonym: maxillary division [Vb]
has exact synonym: maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2)
has exact synonym: maxillary nerve [V2]
has exact synonym: maxillary nerve [Vb]
has exact synonym: nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2)
has exact synonym: nervus maxillaris [v2]
has exact synonym: nervus maxillaris [vb]
has exact synonym: ramus maxillaris (ramus V2)
has exact synonym: second division of fifth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: second division of trigeminal nerve
has exact synonym: trigeminal V nerve maxillary division
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: n. maxillaris
has related synonym: nervus maxillaris
has related synonym: trigeminal nerve maxillary division
id: UBERON:0000377
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011779
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: trigeminal nerve

tongue muscle
definition: The muscular portion of the tongue.
has db xref: Muscles of tongue
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0448325
has db xref: Tongue Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244781004
has db xref: BTO:0001386
has db xref: FMA:46689
has db xref: UMLS:C0448325
has exact synonym: muscle of tongue
has exact synonym: muscle organ of tongue
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculi linguae
id: UBERON:0000378
type: Class
subclass of: mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0010959
subclass of: UBERON_0013765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004477
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005594
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to_part_of
  some values from: tongue
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to_part_of
    some values from: tongue
equivalent class: Class
  union of: extrinsic muscle of tongue
  union of: intrinsic muscle of tongue

tracheal mucosa
definition: A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/660006
has db xref: BTO:0001390
has db xref: FMA:7471
has exact synonym: Mucous membrane of trachea
has exact synonym: Tracheal mucous membrane
has exact synonym: Tunica mucosa (tracheae)
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of trachea
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of windpipe
has exact synonym: mucosa of trachea
has exact synonym: mucosa of windpipe
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of trachea
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of windpipe
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of trachea
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of windpipe
has exact synonym: trachea mucosa
has exact synonym: trachea mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: trachea mucous membrane
has exact synonym: trachea organ mucosa
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa tracheae
has exact synonym: windpipe mucosa
has exact synonym: windpipe mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: windpipe mucous membrane
has exact synonym: windpipe organ mucosa
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000379
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004785
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory airway
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: respiratory airway

obsolete tuber
consider: EFO:0001015
consider: FMA:75430
has db xref: BTO:0001400
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4raeDj5Cw8QdiT7e8pb2JzAA
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000380
type: Class
comment: undefined in FMA. BTO and MIAA refers to plant structure only
deprecated: true

urinary bladder detrusor smooth muscle
definition: bundles of smooth muscle fibers forming the muscular wall of the urinary bladder, which are arranged in a longitudinal and a circular layer and, on contraction, serve to expel urine[MP].
has broad synonym: muscularis propria
has db xref: Detrusor urinae muscle
has db xref: Muscularis Propria
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279414008
has db xref: BTO:0001453
has db xref: EMAPA:28637
has db xref: FMA:68018
has db xref: MA:0001698
has exact synonym: detrusor
has exact synonym: detrusor muscle
has exact synonym: detrusor muscle of bladder
has exact synonym: detrusor smooth muscle
has exact synonym: detrusor urinae muscle
has exact synonym: muscularis propria of the urinary bladder
has exact synonym: urinary bladder detrusor muscle
has exact synonym: urinary bladder detrussor smooth muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus detrusor vesicae urinariae
id: UBERON:0000381
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004228
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012378
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: pubis

apocrine sweat gland
definition: Apocrine sweat glands are sweat glands composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. The ducts of apocrine glands open into the canals of hair follicles. The stimulus for the secretion of apocrine sweat glands is adrenaline, which is a hormone carried in the blood[WP].
curator notes: A note of confusion is the difference between apocrine secretion and apocrine sweat gland. Apocrine secretion refers to the apical loss of a cell's membrane to create cell blebs, thus creating a secretory product. Apocrine sweat gland refers to a structure, not a secretion process. Apocrine sweat glands actually use a merocrine type secretion, or that mediated by exocytosis of secretory granules. When 'apocrine gland' is used without the word sweat, it is often referring to the gland which uses merocrine secretion, and not the secretion method. The important difference in apocrine sweat gland structure is its larger lumen, compared to the more narrow lumen of the eccrine sweat gland.
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, apocrine sweat glands are found only in certain locations of the body: the axillae (armpits), the areola of the nipples, and the genitoanal region.
has db xref: Apocrine sweat gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0930083
has db xref: Apocrine Sweat Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/399916008
has db xref: BTO:0001458
has db xref: FMA:59155
has db xref: MESH:A10.336.899.206
has db xref: UMLS:C0930083
has exact synonym: glandula sudorifera apocrina
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000382
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: sweat gland
subclass of: UBERON_0010243
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skin epidermis

musculature of body
definition: Anatomical system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified].
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000012: we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA
has db xref: AAO:0000307
has db xref: BILA:0000088
has db xref: BTO:0001369
has db xref: BTO:0001485
has db xref: EFO:0000801
has db xref: EMAPA:35578
has db xref: FBbt:00005069
has db xref: FMA:72954
has db xref: MA:0002888
has db xref: MAT:0000025
has db xref: MIAA:0000025
has db xref: VSAO:0000033
has db xref: XAO:0004042
has exact synonym: muscle system
has exact synonym: muscle system of body
has exact synonym: muscular system
has exact synonym: musculature system
has exact synonym: set of all muscles
has exact synonym: set of muscles of body
has exact synonym: vertebrate muscular system
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: muskelsystem
id: UBERON:0000383
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002204

obsolete labial gland
consider: FMA:71613
consider: HAO:0000449
has db xref: BTO:0001548
has exact synonym: Labial glands
has exact synonym: Labial glands set
has exact synonym: glandulae labiales
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000385
type: Class
comment: the label 'labial gland' refers to two distinct classes. From the BTO def: 1. One of the small tubular mucous and serous glands lying beneath the mucous membrane of the lips.n2. A salivary gland, or modification thereof, opening at the base of the labium in certain insects.
deprecated: true

meniscus
definition: crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure present in the knee, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints[2] that, in contrast to articular disks, only partly divides a joint cavity.[3] A small meniscus also occurs in the radio-carpal joint.
has db xref: Meniscus (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224498
has db xref: Meniscus
has db xref: BTO:0001592
has db xref: EV:0100145
has db xref: FMA:76690
has db xref: UMLS:C0224498
has db xref: galen:Meniscus
has exact synonym: articular disc
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000387
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001995
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skeletal joint

epiglottis
definition: A part of the pharynx that consists of a flap of elastic cartilage tissue plus a mucous membrane covering, attached to the entrance of the larynx. The epiglottis is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing, preventing inhalation of food or drink[MP,modified]
UBPROP_0000007: epiglottal
has db xref: Epiglottis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0014540
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245502004
has db xref: BTO:0001628
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004081
has db xref: EMAPA:18289
has db xref: FMA:55130
has db xref: GAID:111
has db xref: MESH:A02.165.507.411
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0014540
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000388
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003115
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component
  some values from: epiglottic cartilage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hypopharynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component
  some values from: UBERON_0004982

lens cortex
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280626006
has db xref: BTO:0001632
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0542
has db xref: FMA:58970
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.509.225
has exact synonym: cortex of lens
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000389
type: Class
subclass of: cortex
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lens of camera-type eye

lens nucleus
definition: The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex.
editor note: needs checked; cf nucleus in GO
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280628007
has db xref: BTO:0001633
has db xref: FMA:58971
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.509.670
has exact synonym: nucleus of lens
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000390
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lens of camera-type eye

leptomeninx
definition: pia mater or arachnoid mater.
editor note: check relationship to secondary meninx
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA/NIF this is a superclass of PM/AM - in BTO it is the mereological sum. We go with superclass here, as we are naming the class in the singular
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Leptomeninges
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228126
has db xref: nlx anat 090207
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362303006
has db xref: BTO:0001634
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0546
has db xref: FMA:231515
has db xref: UMLS:C0228126
has exact synonym: leptomeninges
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arachnoidea mater et pia mater
has related synonym: pia-arachnoid
id: UBERON:0000391
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002360
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0007646

longissimus muscle
definition: The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Longissimus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244858006
has db xref: BTO:0001648
has db xref: FMA:77178
has exact synonym: longissimus
has exact synonym: musculus longissimus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intermediate column of erector spinae
id: UBERON:0000392
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004518
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002462
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0006839

cochlear ganglion
definition: The group of nerve cell bodies that conveys auditory sensation from the organ of Corti to the hindbrain and resides on the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve)[MP]. distributed to the hair cells of the spiral organ. The cochlear fibers arise in bipolar cells in the spiral ganglion in the modiolus.
editor note: in BTO this is part of the cochlear modiolus, but this leads to the CG being in both the nervous and skeletal systems
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Spiral ganglion
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/368955007
has db xref: BAMS:GcVIII
has db xref: BTO:0001688
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002198
has db xref: EMAPA:17572
has db xref: FMA:53445
has db xref: GAID:722
has db xref: MA:0001085
has db xref: MESH:A08.340.390.800
has db xref: VHOG:0001183
has exact synonym: Corti's ganglion
has exact synonym: cochlear part of vestibulocochlear ganglion
has exact synonym: ganglion of Corti
has exact synonym: spiral ganglion
has exact synonym: vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion cochlear component
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ganglion cochlearis
has related synonym: ganglion spirale
has related synonym: ganglion spirale cochleae
has related synonym: spiral ganglion of cochlea
has related synonym: vestibulocochlear ganglion cochlear component
id: UBERON:0000395
type: Class
subclass of: cranial ganglion
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0006723
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0004727
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002827
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0016490
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0004727

vallate papilla
definition: Any of the large papillae, which have multiple taste buds in the trough surrounding the papillae, located near the base and on the dorsal side of the tongue
UBPROP_0000001: Any one of the largest papilla of the tongue, 8 to 12 in number, arranged in the form of a V anterior to the sulcus terminalis of the tongu[BTO:0001705, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallate_papilla]e
has alternative id: UBERON:0002927
has db xref: Vallate papilla
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226965
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1182961
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1267555
has db xref: Circumvallate Papilla
has db xref: birnlex 4106 2
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/69517000
has db xref: BTO:0001705
has db xref: EMAPA:18271
has db xref: FMA:54822
has db xref: MA:0001594
has db xref: UMLS:C0226965
has db xref: UMLS:C1182961
has db xref: UMLS:C1267555
has exact synonym: circumvallate papilla
has exact synonym: circumvallate papilla of tongue
has exact synonym: papilla vallatae
has exact synonym: vallate papilla of tongue
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: circumvallate papillae
id: UBERON:0000396
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0014389
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: taste bud

colonic epithelium
definition: An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition].
UBPROP_0000001: Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the posterior intestine.[TAO]
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/42978003
has db xref: BTO:0001709
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0163
has db xref: EMAPA:18941
has db xref: FMA:17302
has db xref: MA:0003195
has db xref: TAO:0005128
has db xref: ZFA:0005128
has exact synonym: Colon epithelium
has exact synonym: colon epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: colon epithelium
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of colon
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of large bowel
has exact synonym: epithelium of colon
has exact synonym: epithelium of large bowel
has exact synonym: large bowel epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: large bowel epithelium
has exact synonym: posterior intestine epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000397
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: epithelium of large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: colon
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: colon

cartilage tissue of sternum
definition: Any portion of cartilage tissue that is part of the sternum
has db xref: FMA:32567
has exact synonym: cartilage of sternum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000398
type: Class
comment: Examples: cartilage of manubrium, cartilage of xiphoid process
subclass of: UBERON_0002418
subclass of: UBERON_0003837
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: sternum
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002418
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: sternum

jejunal mucosa
definition: A mucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition].
has alternative id: UBERON:0003349
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362151009
has db xref: BTO:0001742
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0495
has db xref: EMAPA:27109
has db xref: FMA:14949
has db xref: MA:0003214
has exact synonym: jejunal mucous membrane
has exact synonym: jejunum mucosa
has exact synonym: jejunum mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: jejunum mucous membrane
has exact synonym: jejunum organ mucosa
has exact synonym: mucosa of jejunum
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of jejunum
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of jejunum
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of jejunum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000399
type: Class
subclass of: mucosa of small intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002115
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002115

jejunal epithelium
definition: An epithelium that is part of a jejunum.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/57300004
has db xref: BTO:0001743
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0494
has db xref: EMAPA:18668
has db xref: FMA:17232
has db xref: MA:0003215
has exact synonym: epithelium of jejunum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000400
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0013636
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002115
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008343
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002115

mandibular ramus
definition: the upturned perpendicular extremity of the mandible
has db xref: Ramus of the mandible
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361739000
has db xref: BTO:0001751
has db xref: EMAPA:25100
has db xref: FMA:52828
has db xref: MA:0002815
has exact synonym: mandible ramus
has exact synonym: ramus of mandible
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lower ramus
has related synonym: rami mandibulae
has related synonym: ramus mandibulae
id: UBERON:0000401
type: Class
subclass of: mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0005913
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mandible
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: mandible

nasal vestibule
definition: The nasal vestibule is the most anterior part of the nasal cavity. It's enclosed by the cartilages of nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin. The other part of the nasal cavity, which is lined by the respiratory epithelium, is called nasal cavity proper. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Nasal vestibule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278940000
has db xref: BTO:0001761
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0660
has db xref: FMA:59644
has exact synonym: vestibular part of nasal cavity
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vestibulum nasale
has related synonym: vestibulum nasi
id: UBERON:0000402
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002553
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nasal cavity

scalp
definition: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendonous galea aponeurotica; Loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).
has db xref: Scalp
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036270
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181480002
has db xref: BTO:0001809
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0896
has db xref: FMA:46494
has db xref: GAID:80
has db xref: MESH:A01.456.810
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwNtaz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0036270
has db xref: galen:Scalp
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: scalpus
id: UBERON:0000403
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002384
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: zone of skin
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002515
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0006661
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: skin of head

sympathetic trunk
definition: One of a a paired bundle of nerve fibers plus ganglia that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx.
has db xref: Sympathetic trunk
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181099004
has db xref: AAO:0010791
has db xref: BAMS:S
has db xref: BTO:0001834
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2049
has db xref: EV:0100374
has db xref: FMA:6258
has db xref: XAO:0000211
has exact synonym: gangliated cord
has exact synonym: sympathetic chain
has exact synonym: sympathetic ganglionic chain
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: truncus sympathicus
id: UBERON:0000407
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: sympathetic nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: sympathetic nervous system

vertebral ganglion
definition: Any of a group of sympathetic ganglia which form two chains extending from the base of the skull to the coccyx along the sides of the spinal column.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/176596009
has db xref: BTO:0001835
has db xref: FMA:6572
has exact synonym: intermediate ganglion
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000408
type: Class
subclass of: paravertebral ganglion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001991

serous gland
definition: A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells.
UBPROP_0000001: glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052].
has db xref: Serous gland
has db xref: BTO:0001837
has db xref: FMA:62889
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000409
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002365
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0013232
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: UBERON_0007794

bronchial mucosa
definition: A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition].
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/30802009
has db xref: BTO:0001846
has db xref: FMA:62652
has exact synonym: Mucous membrane of bronchus
has exact synonym: bronchi mucosa
has exact synonym: bronchi mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: bronchi mucous membrane
has exact synonym: bronchi organ mucosa
has exact synonym: bronchial trunk mucosa
has exact synonym: bronchial trunk mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: bronchial trunk mucous membrane
has exact synonym: bronchial trunk organ mucosa
has exact synonym: bronchus mucosa
has exact synonym: bronchus mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: bronchus mucous membrane
has exact synonym: bronchus organ mucosa
has exact synonym: mucosa of bronchi
has exact synonym: mucosa of bronchial trunk
has exact synonym: mucosa of bronchus
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of bronchi
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of bronchial trunk
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of bronchus
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of bronchi
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of bronchial trunk
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of bronchus
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of bronchi
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of bronchial trunk
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of bronchus
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa bronchi
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000410
type: Class
subclass of: tracheal mucosa
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002185
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002185

visual cortex
definition: the part of the cerebral cortex responsible for processing visual information.
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Visual cortex
has db xref: BAMS:VIS
has db xref: BTO:0001857
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1117
has db xref: EFO:0000916
has db xref: EV:0100171
has db xref: FMA:242644
has db xref: GAID:679
has db xref: MBA:669
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.571.735
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: visual areas
id: UBERON:0000411
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
comment: The visual cortex is made up of Brodmann area 17 (the primary visual cortex), and Brodmann area 18 and Brodmann area 19, the extrastriate cortical areas.
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral cortex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002021

dermal papilla
definition: A small, nipple-like interdigitation of the dermis into the epidermis.
editor note: consider adding grouping class for TAO:0001995 ! papilla
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, at the surface of the skin in hands and feet, they appear as epidermal or papillary ridges (colloquially known as fingerprints)
UBPROP_0000009: Blood vessels in the dermal papillae nourish all hair follicles and bring nutrients and oxygen to the lower layers of epidermal cells.
UBPROP_0000012: ncit has 'hair papilla' as part of hypodermis
has db xref: Dermal papillae
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0221931
has db xref: Dermal Papilla
has db xref: Hair Papilla
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/320101005
has db xref: BTO:0001858
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0431
has db xref: FMA:70737
has db xref: UMLS:C0221931
has exact synonym: dermal papillae
has exact synonym: follicular papilla
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: DPC
has related synonym: dermal papilla cell
has related synonym: hair follicle dermal papilla
has related synonym: hair papilla
has related synonym: papilla corii
has related synonym: papilla dermatis
has related synonym: papilla dermis
has related synonym: papilla of corium
has related synonym: papillae dermis
has related synonym: skin papilla
id: UBERON:0000412
type: Class
subclass of: tissue
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001992

mucous gland
definition: A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells.
UBPROP_0000008: In frogs and salamanders, this is the smaller of the two types of gland, the other being the granular (poison) gland. In these species the mucous gland is a cluster of cells that release secretion into a common duct[Kardong]
has db xref: Mucous gland
has db xref: AAO:0010601
has db xref: BTO:0001979
has db xref: FMA:62888
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glandula mucosa
has related synonym: muciparous gland
has related synonym: mucous secreting gland
has related synonym: mucus gland
id: UBERON:0000414
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002365
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: mucus

artery wall
definition: An anatomical wall that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition].
has db xref: BTO:0002009
has db xref: FMA:14155
has db xref: galen:ArterialWall
has exact synonym: Arterial wall
has exact synonym: wall of artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000415
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical wall
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: artery
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical wall
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: artery

subdural space
definition: A narrow fluid-containing space, often only a potential space, between the dura mater and the arachnoid.
editor note: consider obsoleting - see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8421539
has db xref: Subdural space
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362308002
has db xref: BTO:0002082
has db xref: FMA:83803
has db xref: GAID:692
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.566.395.687
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cavum subdurale
has related synonym: spatium subdurale
has related synonym: subdural cavity
has related synonym: subdural cleavage
has related synonym: subdural cleft
id: UBERON:0000416
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical space
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002363
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010743
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002362

obsolete tubercle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000418
type: Class
deprecated: true

myoepithelium
definition: An epithelium consisting of myopethelial cells, which are contractile cells resembling smooth muscle cells that are present in glands, notably the mammary gland, and aid in secretion. This cell has long weaving dendritic processes containing myofilament[CL].
has db xref: Myoepithelial cell
has db xref: BTO:0002308
has db xref: FMA:67805
has exact synonym: myo-epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: myoepitheliocytus
id: UBERON:0000420
type: Class
subclass of: atypical epithelium

eccrine sweat gland
definition: A merocrine, unbranched, unbranched, coiled, tubular gland sweat gland. In humans, distributed over almost all of the body surface, and promote cooling by evaporation of their secretion.
UBPROP_0000008: in mice, found only on footpads; in humans, entire body including soles and palms
has db xref: Eccrine sweat gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013492
has db xref: Eccrine Sweat Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361699008
has db xref: BTO:0002323
has db xref: FMA:59154
has db xref: GAID:945
has db xref: MA:0003039
has db xref: MESH:A10.336.899.480
has db xref: UMLS:C0013492
has exact synonym: glandula sudorifera eccrina
has exact synonym: glandula sudorifera merocrina
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: eccrine gland
has related synonym: merocrine sweat gland
id: UBERON:0000423
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: sweat gland
subclass of: UBERON_0010243
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skin epidermis

gastric pit
definition: Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach. The human stomach has several million of these pits.
has alternative id: UBERON:0000425
has db xref: Gastric pits
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227203
has db xref: Gastric Pit
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/268426007
has db xref: BTO:0002364
has db xref: FMA:62947
has db xref: UMLS:C0227203
has exact synonym: foveolae gastricae
has exact synonym: gastric foveola
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: foveola gastrica
has related synonym: foveolae gastricae
id: UBERON:0000424
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002553
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mucosa of stomach

extravillous trophoblast
definition: The outermost layer of trophoblast, produced by cytotrophoblast where there is direct contact with maternal decidua rather than blood. The EVT cells travel into the decidua, reacting with NK cells and invading maternal blood vessels feeding the placenta, softening the walls and replacing the lining with fetal tissue, a process called conversion.
has db xref: BTO:0002366
has db xref: FMA:86561
has exact synonym: intermediate trophoblast
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: interstitial trophoblast
id: UBERON:0000426
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: trophoblast

obsolete cytotrophoblastic cell
consider: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Cytotrophoblastic_Cell
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000427
type: Class
deprecated: true

prostate epithelium
definition: The prostate epithelium.
editor note: TODO - check 2 FMA IDs
has alternative id: UBERON:0002452
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1179826
has db xref: Prostatic Epithelium
has db xref: BTO:0002397
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2065
has db xref: EMAPA:32290
has db xref: FMA:66812
has db xref: FMA:79643
has db xref: MA:0001737
has db xref: UMLS:C1179826
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of prostate
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of prostate gland
has exact synonym: epithelium of prostate
has exact synonym: epithelium of prostate gland
has exact synonym: epithelium of prostatic gland
has exact synonym: prostate epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: prostate gland epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: prostate gland epithelium
has exact synonym: prostatic epithelium
has exact synonym: prostatic gland epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000428
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: simple columnar epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: UBERON_0005911
subclass of: UBERON_0012275
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002367
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002367

enteric plexus
definition: A plexus of autonomic nerve fibers within the wall of the digestive tube, and made up of the submucosal, myenteric, and subserosal plexuses; it contains visceral afferent fibers, sympathetic postganglionic fibers, parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers, and parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies.
has alternative id: UBERON:0012372
has db xref: BTO:0002437
has db xref: EMAPA:35446
has db xref: FMA:77597
has db xref: MA:0001147
has exact synonym: enteric nerve plexus
has exact synonym: intrinsic nerve plexus
has exact synonym: plexus entericus
has exact synonym: plexus nervosus entericus
has exact synonym: sympathetic enteric nerve plexus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000429
type: Class
subclass of: autonomic nerve plexus
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002005
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: nerve plexus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002005

ventral intermediate nucleus of thalamus
definition: A nucleus medially located within the ventral nuclei of the thalamus.
has db xref: BTO:0002469
has db xref: EV:0100208
has db xref: FMA:84347
has db xref: TAO:0000370
has db xref: ZFA:0000370
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intermediate thalamic nucleus
has related synonym: nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami
id: UBERON:0000430
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015234
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001900

ventral medial complex of thalamus
definition: A group of nuclei located in the medial portion of the ventral thalamic nuclei.
has db xref: BTO:0002470
has db xref: FMA:77795
has exact synonym: ventral medial complex of thalamus
has exact synonym: ventral medial nuclei of thalamus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nuclei ventrales mediales thalami
has related synonym: set of ventral medial nuclei of thalamus
id: UBERON:0000431
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010009
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002776

endopeduncular nucleus
definition: A portion of the nucleus of ansa lenticularis located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial GLOBUS PALLIDUS (NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc. washington.edu/neuronames/ (September 28, 1998)). In non-primates, the entopeduncular nucleus is analogous to both the medial globus pallidus and the entopeduncular nucleus of human.
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/82705008
has db xref: BAMS:EN
has db xref: BTO:0002475
has db xref: DHBA:13057
has db xref: FMA:77691
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.800.240
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: entopeduncular nucleus
has related synonym: nucleus endopeduncularis
has related synonym: nucleus entopeduncularis
id: UBERON:0000432
type: Class
comment: The term entopeduncular nucleus in human neuroanatomy refers to a portion of the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis described variously as located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule ( Riley-1943 ), along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle ( Crosby-1962 ), or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial segment of the globus pallidus ( Nomina-1983 ).[NN]
subclass of: UBERON_0015234
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009641

posterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
definition: The posterior of the two nuclei paraventriculares thalami.
has db xref: BAMS:PARP
has db xref: BTO:0002456
has db xref: FMA:76961
has db xref: HBA:4536
has exact synonym: dorsal paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: caecal epithelium
has related synonym: nucleus paraventricularis posterior thalami
has related synonym: posterior paraventricular nuclei
has related synonym: posterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
has related synonym: posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus
id: UBERON:0000433
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0001920

anterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
definition: The anterior of the two nuclei paraventriculares thalami.
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: BAMS:PARA
has db xref: BAMS:PVa
has db xref: BTO:0002455
has db xref: DMBA:16400
has db xref: FMA:76962
has db xref: HBA:12906
has db xref: MBA:30
has exact synonym: anterior paraventricular nucleus
has exact synonym: ventral paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior paraventricular nuclei
has related synonym: anterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
has related synonym: anterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus
has related synonym: anterior periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
has related synonym: nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami
has related synonym: periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part
id: UBERON:0000434
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0001920

lateral tuberal nucleus
definition: Nerve cell nuclei situated ventrally in the intermediate hypothalamic region, mainly in the lateral hypothalamic area.
has broad synonym: LTu
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0086527
has db xref: birnlex 1206
has db xref: BAMS:LTu
has db xref: BM:TU
has db xref: BTO:0002481
has db xref: DHBA:10493
has db xref: DMBA:16271
has db xref: EV:0100240
has db xref: FMA:62336
has db xref: HBA:12915
has db xref: MBA:614
has db xref: UMLS:C0086527
has exact synonym: lateral tuberal hypothalamic nuclei
has exact synonym: lateral tuberal nuclear complex
has exact synonym: lateral tuberal nuclei
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nuclei tuberales laterales
has related synonym: nucleus tuberis
has related synonym: nucleus tuberis hypothalami
has related synonym: nucleus tuberis lateralis
id: UBERON:0000435
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006568
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002430

arachnoid barrier layer
definition: The arachnoid barrier layer is a part of the arachnoid meningeal layer. It is formed by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of cerebral capillaries in the arachnoid mater.
has db xref: BTO:0002498
has db xref: FMA:231559
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000437
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004923
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: endothelial blood brain barrier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002362

obsolete set of arachnoid trabecula
consider: FMA:77761
has exact synonym: Arachnoid trabeculae set
has exact synonym: trabeculae arachnoideae
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000438
type: Class
deprecated: true

arachnoid trabecula
definition: The arachnoid trabeculae are delicate strands of connective tissue that loosely connect the two innermost layers of the meninges -- the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. They are found within the subarachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid is also found. Embryologically, the trabeculae are the remnants of the common precursor that forms both the arachnoid and pial layers of the meninges.
has db xref: Arachnoid trabeculae
has db xref: BTO:0002500
has db xref: FMA:83979
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arachnoid trabeculae
has related synonym: trabecula arachnoideum
id: UBERON:0000439
type: Class
subclass of: trabecula
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002362
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: trabecula
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002362

trabecula
definition: A small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, generally having a mechanical function, and usually but not necessarily composed of dense collagenous tissue. On histological section, a trabecula can look like a septum, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like. Trabeculae are usually composed of dense fibrous tissue, i.e. mainly of collagen, and in most cases provide mechanical strengthening or stiffening to a soft solid organ, such as the spleen. They can be composed of other materials, such as bone or muscle[WP].
UBPROP_0000007: trabecular
has db xref: Trabecula
has db xref: BTO:0002501
has db xref: FMA:85273
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000440
in subset: grouping class
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002384

right testicular vein
definition: A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein.
has db xref: Right Spermatic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/53500001
has db xref: BTO:0002679
has db xref: FMA:14341
has db xref: MA:0002220
has exact synonym: right spermatic vein
has exact synonym: vena testicularis (adrenalis) dextra
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena testicularis dextra
has related synonym: vena testicularis sinistra
id: UBERON:0000442
type: Class
subclass of: testicular vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connected to
  some values from: left renal vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0004534
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_left_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: testicular vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0004534

left testicular vein
definition: A vein that drains the right pampiniform plexus and empties into the inferior vena cava.
has db xref: Left Spermatic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/90988008
has db xref: BTO:0002680
has db xref: FMA:14345
has db xref: MA:0002219
has exact synonym: left spermatic vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena testicularis dextra
has related synonym: vena testicularis sinistra
id: UBERON:0000443
type: Class
subclass of: testicular vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0004533
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_left_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: testicular vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0004533

lymphoid follicle
definition: .
editor note: introducing part_of to 'cortex of lymph node' as in issue 7 introduces equivalencies; the part_of has instead been added to 'lymph node follicle'
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229654
has db xref: Lymphoid Follicle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/64626006
has db xref: BTO:0002684
has db xref: FMA:55222
has db xref: UMLS:C0229654
has exact synonym: lymphoid nodule
has exact synonym: nodular lymphoid tissue
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: folliculus lymphaticus
has related synonym: lymphatic follicle
has related synonym: lymphatic nodule
has related synonym: nodulus lymphaticus
has related synonym: nodulus lymphoideus
id: UBERON:0000444
type: Class
subclass of: lymphoid tissue

habenular trigone
definition: The habenular trigone is a small depressed triangular area situated in front of the superior colliculus and on the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the taenia thalami. It contains a group of nerve cells termed the ganglion habenulC&. Fibers enter it from the stalk of the pineal body, and others, forming what is termed the habenular commissure, pass across the middle line to the corresponding ganglion of the opposite side. Most of its fibers are, however, directed downward and form a bundle, the fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert, which passes medial to the red nucleus, and, after decussating with the corresponding fasciculus of the opposite side, ends in the interpeduncular ganglion.
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Habenular trigone
has db xref: BAMS:hbt
has db xref: BTO:0002700
has db xref: FMA:74868
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: trigone of habenulae
has related synonym: trigonum habenulae
id: UBERON:0000445
type: Class
comment: superclass in BTO is thalamic nucleus, not present in most ontologies
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001904
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: diencephalon

septum of telencephalon
definition: Gray matter structure located on the midline of the forebrain consisting of the septum pellucidum (in some species) and the septal nuclei (Heimer, 1996).
UBPROP_0000001: Subdivision of the telencephalon on the midline between the lateral ventricles which contains the septum pellucidum and the septal nuclei[FMA][FMA:61842].
has broad synonym: Se
has broad synonym: septum
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0752060
has db xref: birnlex 963
has db xref: BAMS:SA
has db xref: BAMS:SEP
has db xref: BAMS:Sep
has db xref: BAMS:Spt
has db xref: BM:Tel-Spt
has db xref: BTO:0002705
has db xref: EMAPA:32837
has db xref: FMA:61842
has db xref: MA:0000924
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.750
has db xref: UMLS:C0752060
has exact synonym: area septalis
has exact synonym: septal area
has exact synonym: septum (NN)
has exact synonym: telencephalon septum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Septal region
has related synonym: massa praecommissuralis
has related synonym: septum pellucidum (BNA,PNA)
has related synonym: septum telencephali
id: UBERON:0000446
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral hemisphere

decidual cell
term replaced by: CL:2000002
consider: BTO:0002770
consider: FMA:86480
consider: UMLS:C1511740
consider: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Decidual_Cell
has db xref: Decidual cells
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000449
type: Class
deprecated: true

corpus albicans
definition: White fibrous tissue that replaces the regressing corpus luteum in the human ovary in the latter half of pregnancy, or soon after ovulation when pregnancy does not supervene.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/258043001
has db xref: BTO:0002784
has db xref: EMAPA:29888
has db xref: FMA:18620
has exact synonym: corpus albicans of ovary
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: corpus fibrosum
has related synonym: corpus mamillare
has related synonym: mamillary body
has related synonym: mammillary body
id: UBERON:0000450
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003982

prefrontal cortex
definition: The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.nnThis brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.nnThe most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes).nnMany authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. - definition adapted from Wikipedia
editor note: TODO - check MA
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Prefrontal cortex
has db xref: nlx anat 090801
has db xref: BAMS:FrA
has db xref: BTO:0002807
has db xref: DHBA:10172
has db xref: EFO:0001384
has db xref: EMAPA:35356
has db xref: FMA:224850
has db xref: GAID:676
has db xref: MA:0000906
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.270.700
has exact synonym: prefrontal association cortex
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: frontal association cortex
has related synonym: prefrontal association complex
id: UBERON:0000451
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral cortex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: frontal cortex

decidua basalis
definition: Area of uterine endometrium found between the implanted chorionic vesicle and the myometrium.
UBPROP_0000011: As the embryo enlarges, the decidua capsularis becomes stretched and smooth. Eventually the decidua capsularis merges with the decidua parietalis, obliterating the uterine cavity
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0230965
has db xref: Decidua Basalis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362841006
has db xref: BTO:0002819
has db xref: EFO:0001918
has db xref: EMAPA:35270
has db xref: FMA:86477
has db xref: MA:0002905
has db xref: UMLS:C0230965
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: basal decidua
has related synonym: decidua serotina
id: UBERON:0000453
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: extraembryonic structure
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002450

cerebral subcortex
definition: The layer located below the cerebral cortex that includes the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0815008
has db xref: Cerebral Subcortex
has db xref: BTO:0002858
has db xref: FMA:242188
has db xref: UMLS:C0815008
has exact synonym: cerebral medulla
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: subcortex
id: UBERON:0000454
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: brain

bodily secretion
definition: Body substance in a liquid or semisolid state produced by an exocrine gland. Example: saliva, sebum, blood, plasma, semen, urine.
UBPROP_0000012: BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions
has alternative id: UBERON:0006540
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1516992
has db xref: Exocrine Gland Fluid or Secretion
has db xref: AEO:0001005
has db xref: BTO:0002977
has db xref: BTO:0002979
has db xref: FMA:9675
has db xref: MA:0002504
has db xref: MESH:A12.200
has db xref: UMLS:C1516992
has db xref: galen:Secretion
has exact synonym: exocrine gland fluid/secretion
has exact synonym: secreted substance
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: exocrine gland fluid
has related synonym: exocrine gland fluid or secretion
has related synonym: exocrine gland secretion
has related synonym: external secretion
has related synonym: secretion
id: UBERON:0000456
type: Class
subclass of: organism substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produced_by
  some values from: UBERON_0002365
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organism substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: produced_by
    some values from: UBERON_0002365

cavernous artery
has db xref: BTO:0002996
has db xref: FMA:70527
has exact synonym: Cavernous branch of cavernous part of internal carotid artery
has exact synonym: ramus sinus cavernosi (pars cavernosa) (arteria carotis interna)
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000457
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: artery

endocervix
definition: 1. The mucous membrane lining the canal of the cervix uteri. 2. The region of the opening of the uterine cervix into the uterine cavity.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227837
has db xref: Endocervix
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264460007
has db xref: BTO:0003002
has db xref: FMA:86485
has db xref: UMLS:C0227837
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000458
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximalmost_part_of
  some values from: uterine cervix
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: simple columnar epithelium
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organ part
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: proximalmost_part_of
    some values from: uterine cervix

uterine wall
definition: An anatomical wall that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition].
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245485002
has db xref: BTO:0003083
has db xref: FMA:17560
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of uterus
has exact synonym: uterus anatomical wall
has exact synonym: uterus wall
has exact synonym: wall of uterus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000459
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical wall
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: uterus
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical wall
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: uterus

major vestibular gland
definition: the paired glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in the superficial perineal pouch in females; they secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands in males
editor note: resolve difference in WP vs MP, superficial vs deep perineal pouch
sexually homologous to: UBERON_0002366
has db xref: Bartholin's gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362244005
has db xref: BTO:0003115
has db xref: FMA:9598
has db xref: GAID:384
has db xref: MA:0002936
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319.887.220
has exact synonym: Bartholin gland
has exact synonym: Bartholin's gland
has exact synonym: Tiedemann's gland
has exact synonym: vulvovaginal gland
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Duverney's gland
has related synonym: glandula vestibularis major
has related synonym: greater vestibular gland
has related synonym: greater vestibular glands of bartholin
id: UBERON:0000460
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011826
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: UBERON_0019319
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005056
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: primitive urogenital sinus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: mucus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002330

minor vestibular gland
definition: Small mucous glands opening upon the vestibular mucous membrane between the urethral and the vaginal orifice.
editor note: compare with Skene's gland
UBPROP_0000010: check and part_of relationships to mammalian vulva / urethra
has db xref: Skene s Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279869001
has db xref: BTO:0003116
has db xref: FMA:20019
has exact synonym: glandula vestibular minor
has exact synonym: lesser vestibular gland
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Guerin's gland
has related synonym: Guérin's gland
has related synonym: Schueller's gland
has related synonym: glandula vestibulares minor
has related synonym: paraurethral gland
has related synonym: periurethral gland
has related synonym: skene's gland
has related synonym: urethral gland of female urethra
id: UBERON:0000461
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010145
subclass of: UBERON_0010187
subclass of: UBERON_0011826
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: female reproductive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: female urethra

obsolete villus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000462
type: Class
deprecated: true

organism substance
definition: Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
has db xref: Body Fluid or Substance
has db xref: AAO:0010839
has db xref: AEO:0000004
has db xref: BILA:0000004
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2101
has db xref: CARO:0000004
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003004
has db xref: EMAPA:35178
has db xref: FBbt:00007019
has db xref: FMA:9669
has db xref: HAO:0000004
has db xref: MA:0002450
has db xref: SPD:0000008
has db xref: TAO:0001487
has db xref: TGMA:0001824
has db xref: VHOG:0001726
has db xref: XAO:0004001
has db xref: ZFA:0001487
has db xref: galen:BodySubstance
has exact synonym: body fluid or substance
has exact synonym: body substance
has exact synonym: organism substance
has exact synonym: portion of body substance
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000463
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: material anatomical entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: multicellular organism

anatomical space
definition: Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
has broad synonym: lumen
has broad synonym: space
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0524461
has db xref: Lumen Space
has db xref: AAO:0010110
has db xref: AEO:0000005
has db xref: BILA:0000005
has db xref: CARO:0000005
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003005
has db xref: FBbt:00007017
has db xref: FMA:5897
has db xref: HAO:0000005
has db xref: TAO:0001668
has db xref: TGMA:0001825
has db xref: UMLS:C0524461
has db xref: VHOG:0001728
has db xref: XAO:0003190
has db xref: ZFA:0001643
has exact synonym: lumen space
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000464
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: anatomical structure

material anatomical entity
definition: Anatomical entity that has mass.
has db xref: AAO:0010264
has db xref: AEO:0000006
has db xref: BILA:0000006
has db xref: CARO:0000006
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003006
has db xref: FBbt:00007016
has db xref: FMA:67165
has db xref: HAO:0000006
has db xref: TAO:0001836
has db xref: TGMA:0001826
has db xref: VHOG:0001721
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000465
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical entity

immaterial anatomical entity
definition: Anatomical entity that has no mass.
has db xref: AAO:0010265
has db xref: AEO:0000007
has db xref: BILA:0000007
has db xref: CARO:0000007
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003007
has db xref: FBbt:00007015
has db xref: FMA:67112
has db xref: HAO:0000007
has db xref: TAO:0001835
has db xref: TGMA:0001827
has db xref: VHOG:0001727
has exact synonym: immaterial physical anatomical entity
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000466
in subset: disjointness axiom removed
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical entity

anatomical system
definition: Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity[CARO]. A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task [Wikipedia].
has broad synonym: system
has db xref: Organ system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0460002
has db xref: Organ System
has db xref: birnlex 14
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278195005
has db xref: AAO:0000007
has db xref: AEO:0000011
has db xref: BILA:0000011
has db xref: BSA:0000049
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2088
has db xref: CARO:0000011
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003011
has db xref: EHDAA:392
has db xref: EMAPA:16103
has db xref: EV:0100000
has db xref: FBbt:00004856
has db xref: FMA:7149
has db xref: HAO:0000011
has db xref: MA:0000003
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ
has db xref: TAO:0001439
has db xref: TGMA:0001831
has db xref: UMLS:C0460002
has db xref: VHOG:0001725
has db xref: WBbt:0005746
has db xref: WBbt:0005763
has db xref: XAO:0003002
has db xref: ZFA:0001439
has db xref: galen:AnatomicalSystem
has exact synonym: body system
has exact synonym: organ system
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000467
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical group
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence starts during or after
  some values from: organogenesis stage

multicellular organism
definition: Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
editor note: TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage
UBPROP_0000007: organismal
has db xref: Multi-cellular organism
has db xref: Whole Organism
has db xref: birnlex 18
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/243928005
has db xref: AAO:0010026
has db xref: AEO:0000191
has db xref: BILA:0000012
has db xref: BSA:0000038
has db xref: BTO:0000042
has db xref: CARO:0000012
has db xref: EFO:0002906
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003103
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003191
has db xref: EHDAA:1
has db xref: EHDAA:9178
has db xref: EMAPA:25765
has db xref: EV:0100016
has db xref: FBbt:00000001
has db xref: FMA:256135
has db xref: HAO:0000012
has db xref: TADS:0000001
has db xref: TAO:0001094
has db xref: TGMA:0001832
has db xref: VHOG:0000671
has db xref: WBbt:0007833
has db xref: XAO:0003004
has db xref: ZFA:0001094
has db xref: galen:Organism
has exact synonym: multi-cellular organism
has exact synonym: organism
has exact synonym: whole organism
has narrow synonym: animal
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Koerper
has related synonym: body
has related synonym: whole body
id: UBERON:0000468
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010000

cell part
definition: Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
editor note: TODO - move metadata to GO and obsolete this class once homes have been found for existing children. Note the inconsistency between the usage of the label 'cell component' in GO and CARO
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1178969
has db xref: Cell Part
has db xref: AAO:0010271
has db xref: BILA:0000014
has db xref: CARO:0000014
has db xref: FBbt:00007012
has db xref: FMA:86454
has db xref: GO:0044464
has db xref: HAO:0000014
has db xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao-1337158144
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQwkcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TGMA:0001834
has db xref: UMLS:C1178969
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cell component
id: UBERON:0000470
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure

compound organ component
definition: Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
has db xref: AAO:0010017
has db xref: AEO:0000019
has db xref: BILA:0000019
has db xref: CARO:0000019
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003019
has db xref: HAO:0000019
has db xref: TAO:0001489
has db xref: TGMA:0001835
has db xref: XAO:0003039
has db xref: ZFA:0001489
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000471
in subset: upper level
type: Class
comment: Curator notes: this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003103

simple organ
definition: Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
has db xref: AAO:0010051
has db xref: AEO:0000190
has db xref: BILA:0000021
has db xref: CARO:0000021
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003190
has db xref: HAO:0000021
has db xref: TAO:0001492
has db xref: TGMA:0001836
has db xref: XAO:0003038
has db xref: ZFA:0001492
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000472
in subset: upper level
type: Class
comment: Curator notes: this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future
subclass of: organ

testis
definition: A gonad of a male animal. A gonad produces and releases sperm.
UBPROP_0000001: Male reproductive organ.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: testicular
UBPROP_0000008: The testes are descended in metatherian and eutherian mammals, first transabdominally, then inguinoscrotally
has alternative id: UBERON:0002117
has db xref: Testis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039597
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181431007
has db xref: AAO:0000606
has db xref: BILA:0000124
has db xref: BSA:0000085
has db xref: BTO:0001363
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1030
has db xref: EFO:0000984
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002007
has db xref: EHDAA:8146
has db xref: EMAPA:17972
has db xref: EV:0100102
has db xref: FBbt:00004928
has db xref: FMA:7210
has db xref: GAID:396
has db xref: HAO:0001007
has db xref: MA:0000411
has db xref: MAT:0000132
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.444.849
has db xref: MIAA:0000132
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjM25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000598
has db xref: UMLS:C0039597
has db xref: VHOG:0000252
has db xref: WBbt:0006794
has db xref: XAO:0000157
has db xref: ZFA:0000598
has db xref: galen:Testis
has exact synonym: gonad of male genitalia
has exact synonym: gonad of male reproductive system
has exact synonym: male gonad
has exact synonym: testicle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: orchis
has related synonym: testes
has related synonym: testiculus
id: UBERON:0000473
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: gonad
subclass of: UBERON_0003135
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: male reproductive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0009117
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: gonad
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: male reproductive system

female reproductive system
definition: The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal.
UBPROP_0000003: By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Female genitalia
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0700038
has db xref: Female Reproductive System
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361386004
has db xref: BTO:0000083
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1303
has db xref: EFO:0000969
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000506
has db xref: EHDAA:8116
has db xref: EMAPA:17959
has db xref: EV:0100110
has db xref: FBbt:00004864
has db xref: FMA:45663
has db xref: GAID:364
has db xref: HAO:0000324
has db xref: MA:0000381
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319
has db xref: MIAA:0000028
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TGMA:0000635
has db xref: UMLS:C0700038
has db xref: VHOG:0000726
has db xref: WBbt:0006748
has db xref: WikipediaCategory:Female_reproductive_system
has db xref: XAO:0000156
has exact synonym: female organism genitalia
has exact synonym: female organism reproductive system
has exact synonym: genitalia of female organism
has exact synonym: reproductive system of female organism
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: female genital system
has related synonym: female genital tract
has related synonym: female genitalia
has related synonym: female genitals
has related synonym: female reproductive tract
has related synonym: gynaecological tissue
has related synonym: systema genitale femininum
id: UBERON:0000474
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: reproductive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003100
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: reproductive system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0003100

organism subdivision
definition: Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument.
editor note: Reflects CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency
has db xref: Body part
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229962
has db xref: Body Part
has db xref: birnlex 7
has db xref: AAO:0010053
has db xref: AEO:0000032
has db xref: BILA:0000032
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2084
has db xref: CARO:0000032
has db xref: EFO:0000808
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003032
has db xref: EMAPA:36031
has db xref: FBbt:00007009
has db xref: FMA:7153
has db xref: HAO:0000032
has db xref: MA:0002433
has db xref: MAT:0000293
has db xref: MESH:A01
has db xref: MIAA:0000293
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001308
has db xref: TGMA:0001840
has db xref: UMLS:C0229962
has db xref: VHOG:0001758
has db xref: XAO:0003013
has db xref: ZFA:0001308
has db xref: galen:BodyPart
has exact synonym: anatomic region
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: body part
has related synonym: body region
has related synonym: cardinal body part
id: UBERON:0000475
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: musculature
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002416
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: circulatory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: skeletal system

acellular anatomical structure
definition: Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
has db xref: AAO:0010268
has db xref: AEO:0000040
has db xref: BILA:0000040
has db xref: CARO:0000040
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003040
has db xref: FBbt:00007013
has db xref: FMA:63863
has db xref: HAO:0000040
has db xref: TAO:0000382
has db xref: TGMA:0001841
has db xref: XAO:0003162
has db xref: ZFA:0000382
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000476
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure

anatomical cluster
definition: Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
editor note: Will be obsoleted in CARO v2 [https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/3]
has db xref: AAO:0010009
has db xref: AEO:0000041
has db xref: BILA:0000041
has db xref: CARO:0000041
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003041
has db xref: FBbt:00007277
has db xref: FMA:49443
has db xref: HAO:0000041
has db xref: TADS:0000605
has db xref: TAO:0001478
has db xref: TGMA:0001842
has db xref: VHOG:0001737
has db xref: XAO:0003160
has db xref: ZFA:0001478
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000477
in subset: disjointness axiom removed
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical group

extraembryonic structure
definition: A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1282438
has db xref: Extraembryonic Structure
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/314908006
has db xref: AAO:0010020
has db xref: AEO:0000042
has db xref: BILA:0000042
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2119
has db xref: CARO:0000042
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003042
has db xref: EHDAA:46
has db xref: FBbt:00005835
has db xref: FMA:85537
has db xref: HAO:0000042
has db xref: TAO:0000020
has db xref: TGMA:0001843
has db xref: UMLS:C1282438
has db xref: VHOG:0000292
has db xref: XAO:0004005
has db xref: ZFA:0000020
has exact synonym: extra-embryonic structure
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: extraembryonic tissue
id: UBERON:0000478
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: see also conceptus extraembryonic component in EHDAA2.
subclass of: anatomical structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence starts and ends during
  some values from: embryo stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0016887
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical structure
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0016887

tissue
definition: Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.
editor note: changed label and definition to reflect CARO2
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0040300
has db xref: Tissue
has db xref: birnlex 19
has db xref: AAO:0000607
has db xref: AAO:0010054
has db xref: AEO:0000043
has db xref: BILA:0000043
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2090
has db xref: CARO:0000043
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003043
has db xref: EMAPA:35868
has db xref: FBbt:00007003
has db xref: FMA:9637
has db xref: HAO:0000043
has db xref: MA:0003002
has db xref: MESH:A10
has db xref: TAO:0001477
has db xref: TGMA:0001844
has db xref: UMLS:C0040300
has db xref: VHOG:0001757
has db xref: WBbt:0005729
has db xref: XAO:0003040
has db xref: ZFA:0001477
has db xref: galen:Tissue
has exact synonym: portion of tissue
has exact synonym: tissue portion
has narrow synonym: simple tissue
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000479
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: multicellular organism

anatomical group
definition: Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
editor note: Will be obsoleted in v2 of CARO [https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/2]
has db xref: AAO:0010008
has db xref: AEO:0000054
has db xref: BILA:0000054
has db xref: CARO:0000054
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003054
has db xref: HAO:0000054
has db xref: TAO:0001512
has db xref: TGMA:0001846
has db xref: VHOG:0001724
has db xref: XAO:0003001
has db xref: ZFA:0001512
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000480
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: multicellular organism

multi-tissue structure
definition: Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
has db xref: AAO:0010048
has db xref: AEO:0000055
has db xref: BILA:0000055
has db xref: CARO:0000055
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003055
has db xref: FBbt:00007010
has db xref: HAO:0000055
has db xref: TAO:0001488
has db xref: TGMA:0001847
has db xref: VHOG:0001762
has db xref: XAO:0003037
has db xref: ZFA:0001488
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000481
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: tissue

basal lamina of epithelium
definition: Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
curator notes: this class represents a continuous sheet of basal lamina which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class 'basal lamina' represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell.
UBPROP_0000003: A basal lamina is certainly present in Bilateria and was evaluated as an autapomorphy of this taxon.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Basal lamina
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0085872
has db xref: Basal Lamina
has db xref: AAO:0010269
has db xref: AEO:0000065
has db xref: BILA:0000065
has db xref: CARO:0000065
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003065
has db xref: FMA:62918
has db xref: HAO:0000065
has db xref: MESH:A10.272.220
has db xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao1397492660
has db xref: TAO:0001485
has db xref: TGMA:0001850
has db xref: UMLS:C0085872
has db xref: VHOG:0001592
has db xref: WBbt:0005756
has db xref: XAO:0003163
has db xref: ZFA:0001485
has exact synonym: basal lamina of connective tissue
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: basal lamina
has related synonym: basal laminae
has related synonym: lamina basalis
id: UBERON:0000482
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005764
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005769

epithelium
definition: Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO].
UBPROP_0000003: The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: epithelial
has db xref: Epithelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0014609
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/31610004
has db xref: AAO:0000144
has db xref: AAO:0010055
has db xref: AEO:0000066
has db xref: BILA:0000066
has db xref: BTO:0000416
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0288
has db xref: CARO:0000066
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003066
has db xref: EMAPA:32738
has db xref: FBbt:00007005
has db xref: FMA:9639
has db xref: GAID:402
has db xref: HAO:0000066
has db xref: MA:0003060
has db xref: MESH:A10.272
has db xref: TAO:0001486
has db xref: UMLS:C0014609
has db xref: VHOG:0000387
has db xref: XAO:0003045
has db xref: ZFA:0001486
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: portion of epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000483
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0005769
equivalent class: Class
  union of: multilaminar epithelium
  union of: unilaminar epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium
definition: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
editor note: needs to be synchronized with CL - there is no distinct cuboidal cell in CL
has db xref: Simple cuboidal epithelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0836134
has db xref: Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
has db xref: AAO:0010064
has db xref: AEO:0000067
has db xref: BILA:0000067
has db xref: CARO:0000067
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003067
has db xref: FMA:45566
has db xref: HAO:0000067
has db xref: TAO:0001497
has db xref: UMLS:C0836134
has db xref: XAO:0004009
has db xref: ZFA:0001497
has exact synonym: epithelium simplex cuboideum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000484
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: unilaminar epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0010077

simple columnar epithelium
definition: Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]
has broad synonym: columnar epithelium
has broad synonym: columnar epithlium
has db xref: Simple columnar epithelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0836135
has db xref: Simple Columnar Epithelium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/32210007
has db xref: AAO:0010063
has db xref: AEO:0000068
has db xref: BILA:0000068
has db xref: CARO:0000068
has db xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003068
has db xref: FBbt:00007027
has db xref: FMA:45567
has db xref: HAO:0000068
has db xref: TAO:0001496
has db xref: UMLS:C0836135
has db xref: XAO:0004008
has db xref: ZFA:0001496
has exact synonym: epithelium simplex columnare
has exact synonym: simple columnar epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000485
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: unilaminar epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0012274

multilaminar epithelium
definition: Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]
UBPROP_0000001: Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO]
has db xref: Stratified epithelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0682575
has db xref: Stratified Epithelium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/309044005
has db xref: AAO:0010059
has db xref: AEO:0000069
has db xref: BILA:0000069
has db xref: BTO:0002074
has db xref: CARO:0000069
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003069
has db xref: FMA:45562
has db xref: HAO:0000069
has db xref: TAO:0001494
has db xref: UMLS:C0682575
has db xref: XAO:0004006
has db xref: ZFA:0001494
has exact synonym: stratified epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: laminated epithelium
id: UBERON:0000486
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: epithelium

simple squamous epithelium
definition: Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]
UBPROP_0000001: Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO]
has db xref: Simple squamous epithelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0836133
has db xref: Simple Squamous Epithelium
has db xref: AAO:0010066
has db xref: AEO:0000070
has db xref: BILA:0000070
has db xref: BTO:0002073
has db xref: CARO:0000070
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003070
has db xref: FMA:45565
has db xref: HAO:0000070
has db xref: TAO:0001498
has db xref: UMLS:C0836133
has db xref: XAO:0004010
has db xref: ZFA:0001498
has exact synonym: epithelium simplex squamosum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000487
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: unilaminar epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0006914

atypical epithelium
definition: Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
has db xref: AAO:0010057
has db xref: AEO:0000071
has db xref: BILA:0000071
has db xref: CARO:0000071
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003071
has db xref: FMA:61741
has db xref: HAO:0000071
has db xref: TAO:0001493
has db xref: XAO:0004004
has db xref: ZFA:0001493
has exact synonym: heterogenous epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000488
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: epithelium

cavitated compound organ
definition: Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
has db xref: AAO:0010016
has db xref: AEO:0000072
has db xref: BILA:0000072
has db xref: CARO:0000072
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003072
has db xref: FMA:55671
has db xref: HAO:0000072
has db xref: TAO:0001490
has db xref: TGMA:0001857
has db xref: VHOG:0001730
has db xref: XAO:0003165
has db xref: ZFA:0001490
has exact synonym: cavitated organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000489
in subset: organ slim
in subset: upper level
type: Class
comment: Curator notes: this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future
subclass of: UBERON_0003103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002553
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003103
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: UBERON_0002553

unilaminar epithelium
definition: Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]
editor note: consider adding disjointness axiom between unilaminar and multilaminar - but note that this will render EHDAA2:0003244 (chorionic trophoblast) unsatisfiable
UBPROP_0000001: Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0682574
has db xref: Simple Epithelium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/309043004
has db xref: AAO:0010062
has db xref: AEO:0000073
has db xref: BILA:0000073
has db xref: BTO:0002073
has db xref: CARO:0000073
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003073
has db xref: FMA:45561
has db xref: HAO:0000073
has db xref: TAO:0001495
has db xref: UMLS:C0682574
has db xref: XAO:0004007
has db xref: ZFA:0001495
has exact synonym: simple epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000490
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: epithelium

solid compound organ
definition: Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
has db xref: AAO:0010019
has db xref: AEO:0000074
has db xref: BILA:0000074
has db xref: CARO:0000074
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003074
has db xref: FMA:55670
has db xref: HAO:0000074
has db xref: TAO:0001491
has db xref: TGMA:0001859
has db xref: XAO:0003164
has db xref: ZFA:0001491
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: solid organ
id: UBERON:0000491
in subset: organ slim
in subset: upper level
type: Class
comment: Curator notes: this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future. Note also that we place the FMA class 'solid organ' here, and the FMA includes many glands plus the liver as solid organs, which some may find confusing
subclass of: UBERON_0003103

ileocecal valve
definition: The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum.
has db xref: Ileocecal valve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0020880
has db xref: Ileocecal Valve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362153007
has db xref: FMA:15973
has db xref: UMLS:C0020880
has db xref: galen:IleocecalValve
has exact synonym: valva ileocaecalis (valva ilealis)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Tulp's valve
has related synonym: valva ileocaecalis
id: UBERON:0000569
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003978
subclass of: UBERON_0011185
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ileocecal junction

suspensory ligament of duodenum
definition: A thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery
has db xref: Suspensory muscle of duodenum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279979000
has db xref: FMA:20509
has exact synonym: ligament of Treitz
has exact synonym: muscle of Treitz
has exact synonym: musculus suspensorius duodeni
has exact synonym: suspensory muscle of duodenum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus suspensorius duodeni
id: UBERON:0000642
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008841
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: diaphragm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002114
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0008841
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: UBERON_0002114

splenius capitis
definition: A muscle that arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ and inserts the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line[WP,modified].
UBPROP_0000014: Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head
has db xref: Splenius capitis muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244850004
has db xref: FMA:22653
has exact synonym: splenius capitis muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus splenius capitis
id: UBERON:0000711
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002252
subclass of: UBERON_0002377
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: nuchal ligament
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0011220
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012477

hippocampal commissure
definition: the triangular subcallosal plate of commissural fibers resulting from the converging of the right and left fornix bundles which exchange numerous fibers and which curve back in the contralateral fornix to end in the hippocampus of the opposite side
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has alternative id: UBERON:Commissure-MA_0002723
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Commissure of fornix
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228287
has db xref: birnlex 746
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369115003
has db xref: BAMS:FC
has db xref: BAMS:FG
has db xref: BAMS:cfx
has db xref: BAMS:dhc
has db xref: BAMS:hc
has db xref: DHBA:10560
has db xref: DMBA:17769
has db xref: EMAPA:35404
has db xref: FMA:61970
has db xref: HBA:9228
has db xref: MA:0002723
has db xref: MBA:618
has db xref: UMLS:C0228287
has exact synonym: commissura hippocampi
has exact synonym: commissure of fornix of forebrain
has exact synonym: delta fornicis
has exact synonym: dorsal hippocampal commissure
has exact synonym: fornical commissure
has exact synonym: fornix commissure
has exact synonym: hippocampus commissure
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: commissure of fornix
has related synonym: commissure of the fornix
has related synonym: hippocampal commissures
id: UBERON:0000908
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005340
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0001954
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002437
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0004680

chyme
definition: A semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.
has db xref: Chyme
has db xref: ENVO:02000026
has db xref: FMA:62961
has exact synonym: chymus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000910
type: Class
comment: Chyme has a low pH that is countered by the production of bile, helping to further digest food. Chyme is also part liquid and part solid: a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion.
subclass of: UBERON_0006314
subclass of: UBERON_0012112
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0004908

chyle
definition: Chyle is a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats.
has db xref: Chyle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0008730
has db xref: ENVO:02000030
has db xref: FMA:61403
has db xref: GAID:1187
has db xref: MESH:A12.207.630.350
has db xref: UMLS:C0008730
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000911
type: Class
subclass of: organism substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produced_by
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002391
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002108

mucus
definition: Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water.
UBPROP_0000007: mucoid
UBPROP_0000007: mucous
has db xref: Mucus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0026727
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2144
has db xref: ENVO:02000040
has db xref: FMA:66938
has db xref: GAID:1164
has db xref: MESH:A12.200.503
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0026727
has db xref: galen:Mucus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000912
type: Class
subclass of: bodily secretion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produced_by
  some values from: mucosa

interstitial fluid
definition: Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid.
has db xref: Interstitial fluid
has db xref: ENVO:02000042
has db xref: FMA:9673
has exact synonym: intercellular fluid
has exact synonym: tissue fluid
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000913
type: Class
subclass of: organism substance

organismal segment
definition: One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism.
editor note: review this post-CARO2
has db xref: Segmentation (biology)
has db xref: FBbt:00000003
has db xref: HAO:0000929
has db xref: MAT:0000271
has db xref: MIAA:0000271
has exact synonym: segment
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000914
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision

thoracic segment of trunk
definition: Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen.
curator notes: note that we use the slightly verbose term 'thoracic segment of trunk' to avoid confusuon with insect thorax. todo - taxonomic constraints. Also, in FMA 'thorax' is a synonym for chest
has db xref: Thorax
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302551006
has db xref: EMAPA:35862
has db xref: FMA:259209
has db xref: MA:0000022
has exact synonym: thorax
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior subdivision of trunk
has related synonym: upper body
id: UBERON:0000915
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009569
subclass of: UBERON_0011676
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has skeleton
  some values from: UBERON_0014477

abdomen
definition: The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column.
editor note: Vertebrate specific. In arthropods 'abdomen' is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the thorax or cephalothorax. If need be we can introduce some grouping class
UBPROP_0000007: abdominal
UBPROP_0000007: celiac
has db xref: Abdomen
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302553009
has db xref: BTO:0000020
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0001
has db xref: EFO:0000968
has db xref: EMAPA:35102
has db xref: EV:0100011
has db xref: FMA:9577
has db xref: GAID:16
has db xref: MA:0000029
has db xref: MAT:0000298
has db xref: MESH:A01.047
has db xref: MIAA:0000298
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: galen:Abdomen
has exact synonym: abdominopelvic region
has exact synonym: abdominopelvis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: adult abdomen
has related synonym: belly
has related synonym: celiac region
id: UBERON:0000916
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009569
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002417

obsolete abdominal segment
consider: FBbt:00000021
consider: HAO:0000016
consider: SPD:0000055
consider: UBERON:0002417
has exact synonym: segment of abdomen
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000917
type: Class
deprecated: true

obsolete yolk
definition: The nutritive substance contained in the egg.
consider: BTO:0000371
consider: FBbt:00000035
consider: GO:0060417
consider: UBERON:0007378
consider: XAO:0000281
consider: ZFA:0000084
has broad synonym: vegetal yolk mass
has db xref: MAT:0000335
has db xref: MIAA:0000335
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: yolk cell
id: UBERON:0000918
type: Class
deprecated: true

obsolete lipid droplet
term replaced by: GO:0005811
consider: FMA:62962
consider: GO:0005811
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000919
type: Class
deprecated: true

egg chorion
definition: A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish [GO].
UBPROP_0000001: The egg shell. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
has db xref: Chorion (egg)
has db xref: FBbt:00000038
has db xref: TAO:0000329
has db xref: TGMA:0000681
has db xref: ZFA:0000329
has exact synonym: chorion (egg)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: chorion
id: UBERON:0000920
in subset: dubious grouping
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: acellular anatomical structure
subclass of: extraembryonic structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: UBERON_0003125
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0016887

obsolete pronucleus
definition: .
term replaced by: GO:0045120
consider: FBbt:00000048
consider: FMA:84673
consider: GO:0045120
has db xref: Pronucleus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000921
type: Class
deprecated: true

embryo
definition: Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
UBPROP_0000007: embryonic
has db xref: Embryo
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013935
has db xref: Category:Embryonic organism
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/57991002
has db xref: AAO:0011035
has db xref: AEO:0000169
has db xref: BILA:0000056
has db xref: BSA:0000039
has db xref: BTO:0000379
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0229
has db xref: EFO:0001367
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000002
has db xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236
has db xref: EHDAA:38
has db xref: EMAPA:16039
has db xref: FBbt:00000052
has db xref: FMA:69068
has db xref: GAID:963
has db xref: MAT:0000226
has db xref: MESH:A16.254
has db xref: MIAA:0000019
has db xref: OGEM:000001
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0013935
has db xref: VHOG:0001766
has db xref: XAO:0000113
has db xref: ZFA:0000103
has exact synonym: embryonic organism
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: developing organism
has related synonym: developmental tissue
id: UBERON:0000922
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo
subclass of: multicellular organism
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence starts with
  some values from: embryo stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends with
  some values from: embryo stage
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: multicellular organism
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: existence starts with
    some values from: embryo stage
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: existence ends with
    some values from: embryo stage

germ layer
definition: A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
UBPROP_0000003: The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: embryonic tissue
has db xref: Germ layer
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0920502
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1708239
has db xref: Embryonic Tissue
has db xref: Germinal Layer
has db xref: AAO:0000480
has db xref: BILA:0000035
has db xref: BTO:0000556
has db xref: EMAPA:36033
has db xref: FBbt:00000110
has db xref: FMA:69069
has db xref: GAID:1303
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.425
has db xref: TAO:0001122
has db xref: UMLS:C0920502
has db xref: UMLS:C1708239
has db xref: VHOG:0001223
has db xref: XAO:0003011
has db xref: ZFA:0001122
has exact synonym: germinal layer
has narrow synonym: primary germ layer
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: embryonic germ layer
has related synonym: embryonic germ layers
id: UBERON:0000923
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[UBERONREF:0000002]
subclass of: UBERON_0010316
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002532
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo

ectoderm
definition: Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.
UBPROP_0000001: Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: ectodermal
has db xref: Ectoderm
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013574
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362851007
has db xref: AAO:0000137
has db xref: BILA:0000036
has db xref: BTO:0000315
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0216
has db xref: EFO:0000414
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000428
has db xref: EMAPA:16069
has db xref: EV:0100003
has db xref: FBbt:00000111
has db xref: FMA:69070
has db xref: GAID:1304
has db xref: MAT:0000155
has db xref: MAT:0000173
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.425.273
has db xref: MIAA:0000173
has db xref: TAO:0000016
has db xref: UMLS:C0013574
has db xref: VHOG:0000153
has db xref: XAO:0000001
has db xref: ZFA:0000016
has exact synonym: embryonic ectoderm
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000924
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: germ layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0006601

endoderm
definition: Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut.
UBPROP_0000003: The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: endodermal
has db xref: Endoderm
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0014144
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362855003
has db xref: AAO:0000139
has db xref: BILA:0000038
has db xref: BTO:0000800
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0273
has db xref: EFO:0002545
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000436
has db xref: EMAPA:16062
has db xref: EV:0100005
has db xref: FBbt:00000125
has db xref: FMA:69071
has db xref: GAID:1305
has db xref: MAT:0000175
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.425.407
has db xref: MIAA:0000175
has db xref: TAO:0000017
has db xref: UMLS:C0014144
has db xref: VHOG:0000154
has db xref: XAO:0000090
has db xref: ZFA:0000017
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: entoderm
id: UBERON:0000925
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: germ layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0006595

mesoderm
definition: The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm.
UBPROP_0000001: Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: mesodermal
UBPROP_0000008: sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates
has alternative id: UBERON:0003263
has db xref: Mesoderm
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0025485
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362854004
has db xref: AAO:0000304
has db xref: BILA:0000037
has db xref: BTO:0000839
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0623
has db xref: EFO:0001981
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001128
has db xref: EHDAA:124
has db xref: EHDAA:160
has db xref: EHDAA:168
has db xref: EHDAA:183
has db xref: EMAPA:16083
has db xref: EV:0100006
has db xref: FBbt:00000126
has db xref: FMA:69072
has db xref: GAID:522
has db xref: MAT:0000174
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.425.660
has db xref: MIAA:0000174
has db xref: TAO:0000041
has db xref: UMLS:C0025485
has db xref: VHOG:0000152
has db xref: XAO:0000050
has db xref: ZFA:0000041
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: embryonic mesoderm
has related synonym: entire mesoderm
has related synonym: mesodermal mantle
id: UBERON:0000926
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: germ layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0006603

mesectoderm
definition: A double row of cells which are located at the midline from the end of gastrulations. The morphology of these cells is distinct from adjacent ectodermal cells - they are elongated such that one end remains exposed to the outside of the embryo at the mideline while the other end bissects the internalised mesoderm.
UBPROP_0000007: mesectodermal
has db xref: EFO:0003336
has db xref: FBbt:00000136
has db xref: MAT:0000243
has db xref: MIAA:0000243
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: MesEc
id: UBERON:0000927
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Split term? The part of the mesenchyme derived from ectoderm, especially from the embryonic neural crest from which the pigment cells, meninges, and most of the branchial cartilages develop.[TFD]
subclass of: germ layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: ectoderm

embryonic segment
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: FBbt:00000154
has db xref: MAT:0000244
has db xref: MIAA:0000244
has exact synonym: segment - embryonic
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000928
type: Class
subclass of: organismal segment
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: embryo

pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
definition: Motor nerve of the pharynx, arises from the upper part of the ganglion nodosum, and consists principally of filaments from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Pharyngeal part of vagus nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280298006
has db xref: FMA:6234
has exact synonym: pharyngeal branch
has exact synonym: pharyngeal branch of inferior vagal ganglion
has exact synonym: pharyngeal branch of vagus
has exact synonym: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
has exact synonym: ramus pharyngealis nervi vagalis
has exact synonym: ramus pharyngeus
has exact synonym: tenth cranial nerve pharyngeal branch
has exact synonym: vagal pharyngeal branch
has exact synonym: vagus nerve pharyngeal branch
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ramus pharyngeus nervi vagi
id: UBERON:0000929
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011779
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vagus nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory airway

stomodeum
definition: Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity.
editor note: consider indicating location. e.g. anterior. Note some AOs place this as part of oral opening, but it's not clear when this structure comes into existence
UBPROP_0000001: Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx
UBPROP_0000007: stomodeal
UBPROP_0000008: This class groups together disparate structures as all being the anterior part of the early metazoan digestive tract and precursor of the mouth. However, the developmental processes vary, so this class may be split in future. E.g. in mammals it is a rostral depression surrounded by prominences. Outgrowth of the prominences produces a stomodeal cavity.
has broad synonym: stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium
has db xref: Stomodeum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1514977
has db xref: BTO:0004224
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001929
has db xref: EMAPA:16263
has db xref: FBbt:00000439
has db xref: TAO:0001290
has db xref: TGMA:0000135
has db xref: UMLS:C1514977
has db xref: XAO:0000269
has db xref: ZFA:0001290
has exact synonym: mouth primordium
has exact synonym: primitive oral cavity
has exact synonym: stomatodeum
has exact synonym: stomodaeum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mouth pit
has related synonym: oral pit
id: UBERON:0000930
in subset: grouping class
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007026
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ectoderm

proctodeum
definition: Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage[ZFA]. A proctodeum is the back ectodermal part of an alimentary canal. It is created during embryogenesis by a folding of the outer body wall[WP].
editor note: removed WBbt:0006795 'proctodeum' - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male.
UBPROP_0000001: An inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000007: proctodeal
has db xref: Proctodeum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0231054
has db xref: AAO:0011087
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000121
has db xref: EMAPA:25038
has db xref: FBbt:00000440
has db xref: TAO:0000066
has db xref: UMLS:C0231054
has db xref: VHOG:0000139
has db xref: XAO:0001019
has db xref: ZFA:0000066
has exact synonym: embryonic proctodaeum
has exact synonym: proctodaeum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anal pit
has related synonym: anus porus
id: UBERON:0000931
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0016566
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: ectoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0012469
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007026
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has potential to develop into
  some values from: anal region

obsolete ventral longitudinal muscle
consider: FBbt:00000482
consider: WBbt:0005814
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000932
type: Class
comment: originally unified on basis of terminological similarity
deprecated: true

pharyngeal muscle
definition: A muscle that acts on the pharynx[WP, vetted].
UBPROP_0000001: A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx[GO].
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_67169
has db xref: Pharyngeal muscles
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0031346
has db xref: Pharyngeal Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244798004
has db xref: BTO:0001048
has db xref: EFO:0003504
has db xref: EMAPA:18963
has db xref: FMA:46619
has db xref: GAID:154
has db xref: MA:0001797
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.567.800
has db xref: TAO:0000172
has db xref: UMLS:C0031346
has db xref: ZFA:0000172
has exact synonym: branchial muscle
has exact synonym: muscle of pharynx
has exact synonym: muscle organ of pharynx
has exact synonym: pharynx muscle
has exact synonym: pharynx muscle organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: branchial muscles
has related synonym: musculi pharyngis
has related synonym: musculus pharyngis
has related synonym: tunica muscularis pharyngis
id: UBERON:0000933
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
comment: Innervation notes: They are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the Vagus nerve (CN X) with the exception of the stylopharyngeus muscle which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).[WP]
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: musculature
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004467
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: muscle organ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0004467

ventral nerve cord
definition: The pair of closely united ventral longitudinal nerves with their segmental ganglia that is characteristic of many elongate invertebrates (as earthworms)[BTO]. A large process bundle that runs along the vental mid-line extending from the ventral region of the nerve ring[WB]. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms[GO].
has db xref: Ventral nerve cord
has db xref: BTO:0002328
has db xref: EFO:0000896
has db xref: FBbt:00001102
has db xref: MAT:0000339
has db xref: MIAA:0000339
has db xref: WBbt:0005829
has exact synonym: ventral cord
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000934
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: The ventral nerve cords make up the nervous system of some phyla of the invertebrates, particularly within the nematodes, annelids and the arthropods. It usually consists of cerebral ganglia anteriorly with the nerve cords running down the ventral ('belly', as opposed to back) plane of the organism. This characteristic is important in qualifying the difference compared to the chordates, which have a dorsal nerve cord. Ventral nerve cords from anterior to posterior (the thoracic and abdominal tagma in the arthropods) are made up of segmented ganglia that are connected by a tract of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the nerve cord called commissures. The complete system bears some likeness to a rope ladder. In some animals the bilateral ganglia are fused into a single large ganglion per segment. This characteristic is found mostly in the insects.
subclass of: UBERON_0005053
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: intersects_midsagittal_plane_of
  some values from: UBERON_0013235
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0005053
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: intersects_midsagittal_plane_of
    some values from: UBERON_0013235

anterior commissure
definition: A bundle of myelinated nerve fibers passing transversely through the lamina terminalis and connecting symmetrical parts of the two cerebral hemispheres; it consists of a smaller anterior part (pars anterior commissurae anterioris) and a larger posterior part (pars posterior commissurae anterioris).
UBPROP_0000003: In all vertebrates the thin structure that connects the two halves of the telencephalon shows a ridge-like thickening at the basal side known as the anterior commissure.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Anterior commissure
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0152335
has db xref: Anterior Commissure
has db xref: birnlex 1557
has db xref: nlx_144088
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279313001
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369119009
has db xref: BAMS:AC
has db xref: BAMS:AG
has db xref: BAMS:Ac
has db xref: BAMS:ac
has db xref: BM:Tel-AC
has db xref: BTO:0002169
has db xref: DHBA:10559
has db xref: DMBA:17751
has db xref: EMAPA:19038
has db xref: FMA:61961
has db xref: HBA:9221
has db xref: MA:0002722
has db xref: TAO:0001108
has db xref: UMLS:C0152335
has db xref: VHOG:0001558
has db xref: ZFA:0001108
has exact synonym: Commissura anterior cerebri
has exact synonym: anterior cerebral commissure
has exact synonym: commissura rostralis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: AC
has related synonym: anterior commissural nucleus
has related synonym: commissura anterior
has related synonym: commissura rostral
has related synonym: paleocortical commissure
has related synonym: precommisure
has related synonym: rostral commissure
id: UBERON:0000935
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002473
subclass of: UBERON_0005341

posterior commissure
definition: Rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex. Its fibers acquire their medullary sheaths early, but their connections have not been definitely determined. Most of them have their origin in a nucleus, the nucleus of the posterior commissure (nucleus of Darkschewitsch), which lies in the central gray substance of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct, in front of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve. Some are probably derived from the posterior part of the thalamus and from the superior colliculus, whereas others are believed to be continued downward into the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The posterior commissure interconnects the pretectal nuclei, mediating the consensual pupillary light reflex[WP]. Diencephalic tract which is located in the vicinity of the dorsal diencephalon and mesencephalon and connects the pretectal nuclei. From Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain[ZFA].
editor note: add connects relationships and check these outside mammalia
UBPROP_0000012: part_of brainstem in MA; midbrain tectum in NIF
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Posterior commissure
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0152327
has db xref: Posterior Commissure
has db xref: birnlex 1026
has db xref: BAMS:PC
has db xref: BAMS:pc
has db xref: BM:MB-Tec-PC
has db xref: DHBA:10567
has db xref: DMBA:17787
has db xref: EMAPA:35695
has db xref: FMA:62072
has db xref: HBA:9229
has db xref: MA:0002743
has db xref: MBA:158
has db xref: TAO:0000320
has db xref: UMLS:C0152327
has db xref: ZFA:0000320
has exact synonym: caudal commissure
has exact synonym: epithalamic commissure
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: commissura epithalami
has related synonym: commissura epithalamica
has related synonym: commissura posterior
has related synonym: posterior commissure (Lieutaud)
id: UBERON:0000936
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011590
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0002994
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003931
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: nervous system commissure
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: UBERON_0002994

obsolete proneural cluster
consider: FBbt:00001135
consider: ZFA:0000068
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: proneural clusters
id: UBERON:0000937
type: Class
comment: obsoleted because inconsistencies arise due to ZFA term being both embryonic and extraembryonic
deprecated: true

imaginal disc
definition: one of the parts of a holometabolous insect larva that will become a portion of the outside of the adult insect during the pupal transformation.
has db xref: Imaginal disc
has db xref: BTO:0004658
has db xref: FBbt:00001761
has db xref: MAT:0000064
has db xref: MIAA:0000064
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: imaginal disk
id: UBERON:0000939
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007499
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002548

cranial nerve II
definition: Cranial nerve fiber tract which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons running posterior medially towards the optic chiasm, at which some of the axons cross the midline and after which the structure is termed the optic tract. Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain[ZFA].
editor note: Do not classify under 'cranial nerve', as this is not a true nerve - should be classified as evaginated sensory afferent[ISBN10:0471888893]
UBPROP_0000001: A collection of nerve cells that project visual information from the eyes to the brain. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Fibrous, somatic sensory element covered by a fibrous connective-tissue sheath and is continuous with the layer of nerve cells on the inner surface of the eye.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup (reference 1); The (optic) stalk persists as the optic nerve (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: (relaion to eye): MA, XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. This is in contrast to GO, FMA, EHDAA2 (FMA has a class 'intra-ocular part of optic nerve' which represents the region of overlap). Relation to brain: part of diencephalon in EHDAA2, ZFA. In NIF, has the optic nerve root as part, which is a feature part of the diencphalon
has broad synonym: 2n
has broad synonym: optic nerve
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Optic nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0029130
has db xref: Optic Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 1640
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/180938001
has db xref: AAO:0010345
has db xref: BAMS:2n
has db xref: BAMS:IIn
has db xref: BAMS:nII
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0713
has db xref: DHBA:15544
has db xref: EFO:0004258
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001313
has db xref: EHDAA:6788
has db xref: EMAPA:17575
has db xref: EMAPA:17846
has db xref: FMA:50863
has db xref: GAID:831
has db xref: HBA:9307
has db xref: MA:0001097
has db xref: MBA:848
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.680
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000435
has db xref: UMLS:C0029130
has db xref: VHOG:0000543
has db xref: XAO:0000188
has db xref: ZFA:0000435
has exact synonym: 02 optic nerve
has exact synonym: cranial II
has exact synonym: nervus opticus
has exact synonym: nervus opticus [II]
has exact synonym: optic II
has exact synonym: optic II nerve
has exact synonym: optic nerve [II]
has exact synonym: second cranial nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: CN-II
has related synonym: nerve II
has related synonym: optic
id: UBERON:0000941
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0011215
subclass of: UBERON_0034713
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002104
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0003098
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: central nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: optic chiasma
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0034713
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: retina
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: optic chiasma

frontal nerve (branch of ophthalmic)
definition: The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic, and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve. It enters the orbit through the supraorbital foramen, and runs forward between the Levator palpebræ superioris and the periosteum. Midway between the apex and base of the orbit it divides into two branches, supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Frontal nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228712
has db xref: Frontal Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280219004
has db xref: FMA:52638
has db xref: UMLS:C0228712
has exact synonym: frontal nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nervus frontalis
id: UBERON:0000942
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011779
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: ophthalmic nerve

obsolete labial sensillum
consider: FBbt:00002721
consider: WBbt:0005107
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000943
type: Class
deprecated: true

obsolete dorsal branch
consider: FBbt:00003051
consider: FMA:76733
has exact synonym: dorsal vein
has exact synonym: ramus dorsalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000944
type: Class
deprecated: true

stomach
definition: An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium.
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa
has db xref: Stomach
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038351
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181246003
has db xref: AAO:0000579
has db xref: ANISEED:1235297
has db xref: BTO:0001307
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0980
has db xref: EFO:0000837
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001915
has db xref: EHDAA:2993
has db xref: EMAPA:17021
has db xref: EV:0100070
has db xref: FMA:7148
has db xref: GAID:293
has db xref: MA:0000353
has db xref: MAT:0000051
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.766
has db xref: MIAA:0000051
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0002121
has db xref: UMLS:C0038351
has db xref: VHOG:0000408
has db xref: XAO:0000128
has db xref: galen:Stomach
has narrow synonym: stomach chamber
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Ventricular
has related synonym: anterior intestine
has related synonym: gaster
has related synonym: mesenteron
has related synonym: ventriculus
id: UBERON:0000945
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: UBERON_0010039
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: foregut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: digestive system

cardial valve
definition: the membranous folds of the heart that prevent reflux of fluid
UBPROP_0000001: One of the four structures within the heart that prevent backflow of blood by opening and closing with each heartbeat. The valves include two semilunar valves, the aortic and pulmonary; the mitral or bicuspid valve; and the tricuspid valve. The valves permit blood flow in only one direction. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Extensive conservation of valve developmental mechanisms also has been observed among vertebrate species including chicken, mouse, and human.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000013: Rector et al: One might be tempted to define 'heart valve' equivalently to 'valve in the heart', and 'valve' as a 'structure which functions as a valve'. But this combination results in the 'foramen ovale' being classified as a kind of 'heart valve', since it is undoubtedly located in the heart and functions as a valve
has db xref: Cardiac valve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0018826
has db xref: Cardiac Valve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181285005
has db xref: BTO:0000564
has db xref: EMAPA:17869
has db xref: EV:0100024
has db xref: FMA:7110
has db xref: GAID:176
has db xref: MA:0000086
has db xref: MESH:A07.541.510
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv8oyuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0005065
has db xref: UMLS:C0018826
has db xref: VHOG:0000818
has db xref: XAO:0004126
has db xref: ZFA:0005065
has db xref: galen:HeartValve
has exact synonym: heart valve
has exact synonym: valve of heart
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cardiac valve
has related synonym: heart valve
has related synonym: heart valves
has related synonym: stomodaeal valve
id: UBERON:0000946
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003978
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: heart
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002062

aorta
definition: The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation
editor note: This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae.
UBPROP_0000001: The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: aortic
UBPROP_0000008: All amniotes have a broadly similar arrangement to that of humans, albeit with a number of individual variations. In fish, however, there are two separate vessels referred to as aortas. The ventral aorta carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills; part of this vessel forms the ascending aorta in tetrapods (the remainder forms the pulmonary artery). A second, dorsal aorta carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body, and is homologous with the descending aorta of tetrapods. The two aortas are connected by a number of vessels, one passing through each of the gills. Amphibians also retain the fifth connecting vessel, so that the aorta has two parallel arches
has db xref: Aorta
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003483
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181298001
has db xref: AAO:0010213
has db xref: BTO:0000135
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0046
has db xref: EFO:0000265
has db xref: EMAPA:18601
has db xref: EV:0100027
has db xref: FMA:3734
has db xref: GAID:469
has db xref: MA:0000062
has db xref: MAT:0000035
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.056
has db xref: MIAA:0000035
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0003483
has db xref: VHOG:0001523
has db xref: XAO:0003010
has db xref: galen:Aorta
has exact synonym: trunk of aortic tree
has exact synonym: trunk of systemic arterial tree
has narrow synonym: dorsal aorta
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria maxima
id: UBERON:0000947
in subset: efo slim
in subset: grouping class
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003509
subclass of: UBERON_0003519
subclass of: UBERON_0013768
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002224
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010191

heart
definition: A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ.
UBPROP_0000001: Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: cardiac
has db xref: Heart
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0018787
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302509004
has db xref: AAO:0010210
has db xref: BILA:0000020
has db xref: BTO:0000562
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0445
has db xref: EFO:0000815
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000738
has db xref: EHDAA:420
has db xref: EMAPA:16105
has db xref: EV:0100018
has db xref: FMA:7088
has db xref: GAID:174
has db xref: MA:0000072
has db xref: MAT:0000036
has db xref: MESH:A07.541
has db xref: MIAA:0000036
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000114
has db xref: UMLS:C0018787
has db xref: VHOG:0000276
has db xref: XAO:0000064
has db xref: ZFA:0000114
has db xref: galen:Heart
has exact synonym: chambered heart
has exact synonym: vertebrate heart
has narrow synonym: branchial heart
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Herz@de
has related synonym: cardium
id: UBERON:0000948
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1485706
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005181
subclass of: UBERON_0007100
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0015410
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0004535
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004141
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0004151
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007100
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: UBERON_0004151

endocrine system
definition: Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity.
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: endocrine
has db xref: Endocrine system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0014136
has db xref: Endocrine System
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278876000
has db xref: AAO:0010279
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1301
has db xref: EFO:0002969
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002224
has db xref: EMAPA:35306
has db xref: EV:0100128
has db xref: FBbt:00005068
has db xref: FMA:9668
has db xref: GAID:439
has db xref: MA:0000012
has db xref: MESH:A06
has db xref: TAO:0001158
has db xref: UMLS:C0014136
has db xref: VHOG:0000098
has db xref: XAO:0000158
has db xref: ZFA:0001158
has exact synonym: endocrine glandular system
has exact synonym: endocrine system
has exact synonym: systema endocrinum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000949
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002368
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage

gracilis
definition: The most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. It is thin and flattened, broad above, narrow and tapering below. It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the anterior margins of the lower half of the symphysis pubis and the upper half of the pubic arch.
editor note: AAO has minor and major gracilis, which merge together, attaching the pelvic rim to the tibiofibula - this could be grouped with the mammalian gracilis at some level; note the current insertion site is 'tibia' which would be modified for amphibian tibiafibula
has db xref: Gracilis muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224439
has db xref: Gracilis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181689005
has db xref: BTO:0000536
has db xref: EMAPA:36231
has db xref: FMA:43882
has db xref: MA:0002311
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7If8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0224439
has db xref: galen:Gracilis
has exact synonym: gracilis muscle
has exact synonym: musculus gracilis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000950
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011144
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: tibia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hindlimb stylopod
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: innominate bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: homologous_to
  some values from: UBERON_0011914

rotator muscle of the vertebral column
definition: Any of a number of short transversospinal muscles chiefly developed in cervical, lumbar, and thoracic regions, arising from the transverse process of one vertebra and inserted into the root of the spinous process of the next two or three vertebrae above, with nerve supply from the dorsal branches of the spinal nerve, and whose actions rotate the vertebral column.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244872002
has db xref: FMA:23081
has exact synonym: rotator muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000951
type: Class
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: UBERON_0005174
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002412
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: dorsum

obsolete adductor muscle
consider: UBERON:0011144
consider: UBERON:0011145
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000952
type: Class
comment: obsoleted as it conflated a generic functional grouping with a specific group of muscles in the leg/hip
deprecated: true

obsolete visceral muscle
definition: involuntary non-striated muscle.
UBPROP_0000013: GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably
has db xref: Smooth muscle
has exact synonym: smooth muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: adult visceral muscle
id: UBERON:0000953
type: Class
deprecated: true

obsolete intestine muscle
definition: intestinal muscle cell, attach to intestine and body wall anterior to anus
consider: FBbt:00003537
consider: WBbt:0005796
has exact synonym: intestinal muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000954
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
deprecated: true

brain
definition: The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].
editor note: requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion
UBPROP_0000001: Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO)
UBPROP_0000003: (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Brain
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0006104
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1269537
has db xref: birnlex 796
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/258335003
has db xref: AAO:0010478
has db xref: ABA:Brain
has db xref: BAMS:Br
has db xref: BAMS:Brain
has db xref: BILA:0000135
has db xref: BTO:0000142
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0095
has db xref: DHBA:10155
has db xref: EFO:0000302
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000183
has db xref: EHDAA:2641
has db xref: EHDAA:6485
has db xref: EMAPA:16894
has db xref: EV:0100164
has db xref: FBbt:00005095
has db xref: FMA:50801
has db xref: GAID:571
has db xref: HBA:4005
has db xref: MA:0000168
has db xref: MAT:0000098
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211
has db xref: MIAA:0000098
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: PBA:3999
has db xref: TAO:0000008
has db xref: UMLS:C0006104
has db xref: UMLS:C1269537
has db xref: VHOG:0000157
has db xref: XAO:0000010
has db xref: ZFA:0000008
has db xref: galen:Brain
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: encephalon
has related synonym: suprasegmental levels of nervous system
has related synonym: suprasegmental structures
has related synonym: synganglion
has related synonym: the brain
id: UBERON:0000955
in subset: cumbo
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_anterior_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0006238
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: central nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: nervous system

cerebral cortex
definition: The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon. It consists of the neocortex (6 layered cortex or isocortex), the hippocampal formation and the olfactory cortex.
UBPROP_0000001: The cerebral cortex is a structure within the brain that plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It constitutes the outermost layer of the cerebrum. In preserved brains, it has a grey color, hence the name 'grey matter'. Grey matter is formed by neurons and their unmyelinated fibers, whereas the white matter below the grey matter of the cortex is formed predominantly by myelinated axons interconnecting different regions of the central nervous system. The human cerebral cortex is 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 inches) thick. The surface of the cerebral cortex is folded in large mammals, such that more than two-thirds of the cortical surface is buried in the grooves, called 'sulci. ' The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex, also called isocortex, is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus (also called archicortex), has at most three cellular layers, and is divided into subfields. Relative variations in thickness or cell type (among other parameters) allow us to distinguish between different neocortical architectonic fields. The geometry of at least some of these fields seems to be related to the anatomy of the cortical folds, and, for example, layers in the upper part of the cortical ridges seem to be more clearly differentiated than in its deeper parts. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex].
UBPROP_0000003: Migration of neurons from the basal or striatal portions of the anterior part of the neural tube occurs to varying degrees in different vertebrate classes, but a true cerebral cortex is generally acknowledged to have made its first appearance in reptiles. The definition can be unambiguous, since 'cortex' simply implies the existence of a surface neuronal layer with an overlying 'zonal lamina' or 'molecular' layer containing dendrites and axons, which is separated from the underlying basal 'matrix' by white matter. Although reptilian cerebral cortex does indeed fulfill these conditions in certain locations, the separation from striatal structures is often indistinct, so that it may even be argued that some primitive dipnoans possess a pallium or cortex. Nevertheless, an extensive laminated layer separated by underlying white matter is well represented only in reptiles and mammals.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Cerebral cortex
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007776
has db xref: Cortex
has db xref: birnlex 1494
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362880003
has db xref: BAMS:C
has db xref: BAMS:CTX
has db xref: BAMS:Cerebral_cortex
has db xref: BAMS:Cx
has db xref: BM:Tel-Cx
has db xref: BTO:0000233
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0091
has db xref: DHBA:10159
has db xref: EFO:0000328
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000234
has db xref: EHDAA:5464
has db xref: EMAPA:17544
has db xref: EV:0100166
has db xref: FMA:61830
has db xref: GAID:629
has db xref: HBA:4008
has db xref: MA:0000185
has db xref: MAT:0000108
has db xref: MBA:688
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213
has db xref: MIAA:0000108
has db xref: PBA:128011354
has db xref: UMLS:C0007776
has db xref: VHOG:0000722
has exact synonym: cortex of cerebral hemisphere
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: brain cortex
has related synonym: cortex cerebralis
has related synonym: cortex cerebri
has related synonym: cortical plate (CTXpl)
has related synonym: cortical plate (areas)
has related synonym: pallium of the brain
id: UBERON:0000956
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0011215
subclass of: UBERON_0016548
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005401
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: telencephalon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pallium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0004035
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005343

lamina
definition: Any thin layer or plate.
editor note: TODO - merge with cell layer?
UBPROP_0000007: laminar
has db xref: Lamina of the vertebral arch
has exact synonym: laminar tissue
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000957
in subset: non informative
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: tissue

medulla of organ
definition: Middle part of an organ (as opposed to the cortex)[WP].
curator notes: this class is used in a very general sense
UBPROP_0000007: medullary
has db xref: FMA:61108
has db xref: galen:Medulla
has exact synonym: medulla
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000958
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: compound organ component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: cortex

optic chiasma
definition: A decussation of the diencephalon where the fibers of the optic nerve cross
UBPROP_0000001: The point at which fibers of the optic nerves cross.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The chiasm has been studied in great detail in some animals, while in others relatively little or nothing is known. Although there are some gross architectural features that are conserved within some animals, such as birds and fish, the general picture is one of diversity. This review will attempt to consider the key features of such diversity of chiasmatic organisation in vertebrates and the mechanisms that sculpt them from the limited literature that is available. However, as so much research has been undertaken on the structure and development of the chiasm in laboratory animals, any review must consider the information that has been gleaned from them and hope that future studies will determine whether the features revealed in these animals, and the underlying mechanisms that generate them, have a common vertebrate plan.[uncertain][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Optic chiasm
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0029126
has db xref: Optic Chiasm
has db xref: birnlex 1416
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244453006
has db xref: AAO:0010622
has db xref: BAMS:DC
has db xref: BAMS:OC
has db xref: BAMS:och
has db xref: BAMS:ox
has db xref: BM:Tel-OCX
has db xref: DHBA:10644
has db xref: DMBA:17783
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001302
has db xref: EHDAA:10227
has db xref: EMAPA:17603
has db xref: FMA:62045
has db xref: GAID:832
has db xref: HBA:9310
has db xref: MA:0001098
has db xref: MBA:117
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.680.600
has db xref: TAO:0000556
has db xref: UMLS:C0029126
has db xref: VHOG:0000190
has db xref: XAO:0004071
has db xref: ZFA:0000556
has exact synonym: chiasma opticum
has exact synonym: decussation of optic nerve fibers
has exact synonym: optic chiasm
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: chiasma
has related synonym: chiasma nervorum opticorum
has related synonym: optic chiasm (Rufus of Ephesus)
id: UBERON:0000959
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007425
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: diencephalon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: cranial nerve II
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0001908
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007418
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: diencephalon
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: cranial nerve II
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0001908

obsolete pharyngeal nerve
definition: OBSOLETE. Original definition: The pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve) is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion. It passes through the pharyngeal canal with the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, behind the auditory tube. [WP,unvetted].
consider: FBbt:00004021
consider: FMA:77524
consider: WBbt:0005441
has db xref: Pharyngeal nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000960
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
deprecated: true

thoracic ganglion
definition: The thoracic ganglia are paravertebral ganglia. The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk typically has 12 thoracic ganglia. Emerging from the ganglia are thoracic splancic nerves (the cardiopulmonary, the greater, lesser, and least splanchic nerves) that help provide sympathetic innervation to abdominal structures. Also, the ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic trunk have both white and gray rami communicantes. The white rami carry sympathetic fibers arising in the spinal cord into the sympathetic trunk. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Thoracic ganglion
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229010
has db xref: Thoracic Ganglion
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181102004
has db xref: BTO:0001831
has db xref: EHDAA:4664
has db xref: EMAPA:17158
has db xref: FMA:6471
has db xref: MA:0001159
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002012
has db xref: UMLS:C0229010
has db xref: VHOG:0000515
has exact synonym: ganglion of thorax
has exact synonym: ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum
has exact synonym: thoracic paravertebral ganglion
has exact synonym: thoracic splanchnic ganglion
has exact synonym: thoracic sympathetic ganglion
has exact synonym: thorax ganglion
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000961
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: paravertebral ganglion

nerve of cervical vertebra
definition: The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Cervical nerves
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228815
has db xref: Cervical Nerve
has db xref: nlx anat 20090207
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/360497008
has db xref: BAMS:cern
has db xref: FMA:5859
has db xref: UMLS:C0228815
has exact synonym: cervical nerve
has exact synonym: cervical nerve tree
has exact synonym: cervical spinal nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000962
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Innervates: sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, omohyoid muscle[WP]
subclass of: spinal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0002726
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: spinal nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0002726

head sensillum
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: FBbt:00004114
has db xref: MAT:0000204
has db xref: MIAA:0000204
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000963
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002536
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002536
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: head

cornea
definition: the transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure
UBPROP_0000007: corneal
UBPROP_0000008: Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman’s membrane in mammals
has db xref: Cornea
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0010031
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181162001
has db xref: AAO:0010344
has db xref: BTO:0000286
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0171
has db xref: EFO:0000377
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000316
has db xref: EHDAA:10199
has db xref: EMAPA:17161
has db xref: EV:0100341
has db xref: FMA:58238
has db xref: GAID:892
has db xref: MA:0000266
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.060.217
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000640
has db xref: UMLS:C0010031
has db xref: VHOG:0000164
has db xref: XAO:0000180
has db xref: ZFA:0000640
has exact synonym: cornea of camera-type eye
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: tunica cornea
id: UBERON:0000964
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003102
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anterior segment of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012430
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: anterior segment of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004348
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: developmentally_induced_by
  some values from: UBERON_0005426
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010409
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005427
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: sclera

lens of camera-type eye
definition: Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.
UBPROP_0000003: The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: This class excludes compound eye corneal lenses.
has db xref: Lens (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0023317
has db xref: Crystalline Lens
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181169005
has db xref: AAO:0010348
has db xref: BTO:0000723
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0545
has db xref: EHDAA:9057
has db xref: EMAPA:17838
has db xref: EV:0100343
has db xref: FMA:58241
has db xref: MA:0000275
has db xref: MAT:0000141
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.509
has db xref: MIAA:0000141
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj0fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000975
has db xref: TAO:0000035
has db xref: UMLS:C0023317
has db xref: VHOG:0000169
has db xref: XAO:0000008
has db xref: ZFA:0000035
has exact synonym: camera-type eye lens
has exact synonym: eye lens
has exact synonym: lens
has exact synonym: lens crystallina
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: crystalline lens
has related synonym: ocular lens
id: UBERON:0000965
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0005389
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: developmentally_induced_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anterior segment of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: anterior segment of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005426
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003073

retina
definition: The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
UBPROP_0000001: The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: retinal
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Retina
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0035298
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1278894
has db xref: birnlex 1153
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181171005
has db xref: AAO:0010352
has db xref: BAMS:R
has db xref: BTO:0001175
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0865
has db xref: EFO:0000832
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001627
has db xref: EHDAA:4757
has db xref: EMAPA:17168
has db xref: EV:0100348
has db xref: FMA:58301
has db xref: GAID:755
has db xref: MA:0000276
has db xref: MAT:0000142
has db xref: MBA:304325711
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.729
has db xref: MIAA:0000142
has db xref: NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1156
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000152
has db xref: UMLS:C0035298
has db xref: UMLS:C1278894
has db xref: VHOG:0000229
has db xref: XAO:0000009
has db xref: ZFA:0000152
has exact synonym: inner layer of eyeball
has exact synonym: retina of camera-type eye
has exact synonym: tunica interna of eyeball
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Netzhaut
id: UBERON:0000966
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0005388
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0019207
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003072
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: posterior segment of eyeball

obsolete adult thoracic sensillum
consider: FBbt:00004245
consider: MAT:0000205
consider: MIAA:0000205
has exact synonym: arthropod sensillum of thorax
has exact synonym: sensillum of thorax
has exact synonym: thoracic sensillum
has exact synonym: thorax arthropod sensillum
has exact synonym: thorax sensillum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000967
type: Class
deprecated: true

obsolete adult abdominal sensillum
consider: FBbt:00004461
consider: MAT:0000206
consider: MIAA:0000206
has exact synonym: abdomen arthropod sensillum
has exact synonym: abdomen sensillum
has exact synonym: abdominal sensillum
has exact synonym: arthropod sensillum of abdomen
has exact synonym: sensillum of abdomen
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000968
type: Class
deprecated: true

obsolete joint connecting hardened body parts
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000969
type: Class
deprecated: true

eye
definition: An organ that detects light.
curator notes: This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each)
UBPROP_0000007: ocular
UBPROP_0000007: optic
UBPROP_0000010: Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva,
has db xref: Eye
has db xref: BILA:0000017
has db xref: BTO:0000439
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0309
has db xref: EFO:0000827
has db xref: EV:0100336
has db xref: FBbt:00005162
has db xref: GAID:69
has db xref: MAT:0000140
has db xref: MESH:A01.456.505.420
has db xref: MIAA:0000140
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: light-detecting organ
has related synonym: visual apparatus
id: UBERON:0000970
in subset: efo slim
in subset: functional classification
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: sense organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002104

ommatidium
definition: The smallest morphological and functional unit of the ➞compound eye that consists of a usually limited and often constant number of rhabdomeric ➞photoreceptor cells, cornea-secreting epithelial cells, and interommatidial pigment cells, and may additionally contain crystalline cone cells.
UBPROP_0000007: ommatidial
has db xref: Ommatidium
has db xref: BTO:0001922
has db xref: FBbt:00004510
has db xref: HAO:0000666
has db xref: MAT:0000143
has db xref: MIAA:0000143
has exact synonym: omatidium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: omatidia
id: UBERON:0000971
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: eye
subclass of: UBERON_0002536
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: compound eye

antenna
definition: The paired, usually multiple jointed, sensory organs articulating on the procephalic region of the head capsule; its highly versatile sensory structures are capable to detect the various environmental stimuli. In the context of Drosophila refers to they are the most anterior segmented sensory appendage of the head.
editor note: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
UBPROP_0000007: antennal
UBPROP_0000007: antenno
has db xref: Antenna (biology)
has db xref: AEO:0000198
has db xref: BTO:0000074
has db xref: EFO:0000874
has db xref: FBbt:00004511
has db xref: HAO:0000101
has db xref: MAT:0000086
has db xref: MIAA:0000086
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjSAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TGMA:0000007
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: feeler
id: UBERON:0000972
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: appendage
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head

obsolete labrum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000973
type: Class
deprecated: true

neck
definition: An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column.
curator notes: true necks are considered to be present when the pectoral girdle is separate from the skull - Tiktaalik is the earliest known fish to have a true neck.
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon_32443
UBPROP_0000007: cervical
has db xref: Neck
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027530
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302550007
has db xref: AEO:0000108
has db xref: BTO:0000420
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2045
has db xref: EFO:0000967
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003108
has db xref: EMAPA:35587
has db xref: FMA:7155
has db xref: GAID:86
has db xref: MA:0000024
has db xref: MAT:0000297
has db xref: MESH:A01.598
has db xref: MIAA:0000297
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0027530
has db xref: galen:Neck
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: collum
has related synonym: neck (volume)
id: UBERON:0000974
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anterior region of body
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: anteriorly connected to
  some values from: head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007811
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: posteriorly connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0002100

sternum
definition: A midventral endochondral skeletal element which represents the origin site of the pectoral muscles[PHENOSCAPE:ad].
editor note: in EMAPA and EHDAA2 this is part of the skeleton of pectoral girdle; the classic def of pectoral girdle (see WP) excludes the rib cage and sternum
UBPROP_0000001: Single element that constitutes the postzonal area of the pectoral girdle.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: part_of postzonal element (AAO:0000938)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Fishes lack a sternum. (...) A sternum is absent in the first fossil tetrapods, but it is present in modern amphibians. (...) Thus, a sternum occurs in some modern amphibians, birds, mammals and archosaurs. However, its absence in the common ancestors to these groups means that it has arisen independently several times within the field of the midventral connective tissue.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: sternal
UBPROP_0000008: It probably first evolved in early tetrapods as an extension of the pectoral girdle; it is not found in fish. In amphibians and reptiles it is typically a shield-shaped structure, often composed entirely of cartilage. It is absent in both turtles and snakes. In birds it is a relatively large bone and typically bears an enormous projecting keel to which the flight muscles are attached. Only in mammals does the sternum take on the elongated, segmented form seen in humans. In some mammals, such as opossums, the individual segments never fuse and remain separated by cartilagenous plates throughout life
UBPROP_0000008: in birds, either ratite (no keel or carina) or carinate (keel and carina present)
UBPROP_0000011: While its developmental origins are similar to the ribs (from the myospetum and septum of the trunk region), it is often associated with the pectoral skeleton, due to both function and physical connections (i.e. the coracoid of archosaurs). It may be a single element or a series of smaller structure (sternebrae). Based on Kardong 2012. [PHENOSCAPE:ad].
has db xref: Sternum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038293
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302522007
has db xref: AAO:0000765
has db xref: BTO:0001302
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0972
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001914
has db xref: EHDAA:9561
has db xref: EMAPA:18344
has db xref: FMA:7485
has db xref: GAID:246
has db xref: MA:0001331
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.904.766
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjO6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0038293
has db xref: VHOG:0000856
has db xref: galen:Sternum
has exact synonym: vertebrate sternum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: breastbone
id: UBERON:0000975
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005181
subclass of: UBERON_0010363
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003252
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003252
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0007831
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: thoracic segment of trunk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0002228

humerus
definition: Paired endochondral long bone that extends between the pectoral girdle and the skeletal parts of the forelimb. [PHENOSCAPE:mah]
UBPROP_0000001: Paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle to the elbows.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: humeral
has db xref: Humerus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0020164
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181923006
has db xref: AAO:0000679
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2202
has db xref: EFO:0001398
has db xref: EMAPA:18468
has db xref: EMAPA:19106
has db xref: FMA:13303
has db xref: GAID:183
has db xref: MA:0001356
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.412
has db xref: UMLS:C0020164
has db xref: VHOG:0001158
has db xref: XAO:0003210
has db xref: galen:Humerus
has exact synonym: humeri
has exact synonym: humerus bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mesomere 1 of pectoral appendage
has related synonym: proximal metapterygial mesomere of pectoral appendage
has related synonym: proximal metapterygial mesomere of pectoral fin
id: UBERON:0000976
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003461
subclass of: UBERON_0003607
subclass of: UBERON_0004250
subclass of: UBERON_0015053
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006245
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003822
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: forelimb skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0007831
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: glenohumeral joint
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015053
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

pleura
definition: the serous membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the walls of the pleural cavity
UBPROP_0000001: The serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the pleural cavity. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.264][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: pleural
UBPROP_0000012: In MA, is_a cavity lining. In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane (which includes mesothelium plus connective tissue). Note the MA structure should probably be associated with the mesothelium of pleura in FMA. JB/EHDAA2 argues the term 'pleura' is best used for the mesothelial lining (thus excluding connective tissue). See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/86
has db xref: Pleura
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0032225
has db xref: Pleural Tissue
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181609007
has db xref: BTO:0001791
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2081
has db xref: EFO:0001980
has db xref: EMAPA:16775
has db xref: EV:0100044
has db xref: FMA:9583
has db xref: GAID:360
has db xref: MA:0000433
has db xref: MESH:A04.716
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3zwLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0032225
has db xref: VHOG:0000394
has exact synonym: wall of pleural sac
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pleura
has related synonym: pleural tissue
id: UBERON:0000977
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: serous membrane
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009778
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: respiratory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: UBERON_0002402
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: serous membrane
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0009778

leg
definition: The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod.
UBPROP_0000003: Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000013: The term leg can mean: [1] an appendage on which an animal walks [2] the entire hindlimb of a tetrapod [3] the segment of a human leg between knee and ankle (cf FMA) [4] the region of a hindlimb include the stylopod and zeugopod, but excluding the autopod. We define this class as [4], and thus 'leg' is compltely analagous to 'arm'. For [1], see the class 'locomotive weight-bearing appendage'. For [2] we use 'hindlimb'. For
has db xref: Limb
has db xref: BTO:0000721
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2206
has db xref: EFO:0001411
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000972
has db xref: EHDAA:5151
has db xref: EHDAA:6176
has db xref: EHDAA:8289
has db xref: EMAPA:17489
has db xref: GAID:49
has db xref: MA:0000047
has db xref: MESH:A01.378.610
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViYzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: VHOG:0000345
has exact synonym: tetrapod leg
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lower extremity
id: UBERON:0000978
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: we use the less open to misinterpretation 'hindlimb zeugopod'. Editor note: currently declared as overlapping foot, as AOs disagree over whether some ankle parts are in the leg or foot
subclass of: UBERON_0006058
subclass of: UBERON_0008784
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: hip
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: distally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0002387

tibia
definition: The major preaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape].
UBPROP_0000001: One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the hind-epipodium; it is a straight, simple bone whose section is more or less rectangular at the ends and circular at its central portion.[AAO]
has db xref: Tibia
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0040184
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182061009
has db xref: AAO:0000890
has db xref: BTO:0001252
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1048
has db xref: EFO:0003054
has db xref: EMAPA:19142
has db xref: FMA:24476
has db xref: GAID:204
has db xref: MA:0001361
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.500.883
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvtq3-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0040184
has db xref: galen:Tibia
has exact synonym: shankbone
has exact synonym: shinbone
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000979
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003608
subclass of: UBERON_0004251
subclass of: UBERON_0015004
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: preaxialmost_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010720
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010720
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015004
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

trochanter
definition: A bony prominence near the extremity of the femur that normally serves as attachment points for hip and thigh muscles[MP,modified]
UBPROP_0000001: Process on the ventral surface of the shaft of the femur.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000008: there are two in human (greater and lesser trochanters) and three in many other mammalian species (greater, lesser and third)
has db xref: Trochanter
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0162370
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182047004
has db xref: AAO:0000897
has db xref: FMA:82513
has db xref: MA:0002821
has db xref: UMLS:C0162370
has exact synonym: femoral trochanter
has exact synonym: trochanter of femur
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000980
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005055
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: femur
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: femur

femur
definition: Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium skeleton.[VSAO, modified].
UBPROP_0000001: Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that form the thighs, extending from the pelvic girdles to the knees.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: femoral
has db xref: Femur
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015811
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182046008
has db xref: AAO:0000887
has db xref: AAO:0000889
has db xref: BTO:0001284
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0322
has db xref: EFO:0001396
has db xref: EMAPA:19143
has db xref: FMA:9611
has db xref: GAID:199
has db xref: MA:0001359
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.500.247
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0015811
has db xref: VHOG:0001159
has db xref: VSAO:0000186
has db xref: XAO:0003214
has db xref: galen:Femur
has exact synonym: thigh bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: femoral bone
has related synonym: mesomere 1 of pevlic appendage
has related synonym: os femorale
has related synonym: os femoris
has related synonym: os longissimum
has related synonym: proximal metapterygial mesomere of pelvic appendage
has related synonym: proximal metapterygial mesomere of pelvic fin
id: UBERON:0000981
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003608
subclass of: UBERON_0003826
subclass of: UBERON_0008202
subclass of: UBERON_0015052
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hindlimb skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0007832
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010129
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hindlimb stylopod
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015052
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

skeletal joint
definition: Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO].
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO]
has broad synonym: articulation
has broad synonym: joint
has db xref: Joint
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022417
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302536002
has db xref: AEO:0000182
has db xref: BTO:0001686
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2023
has db xref: EFO:0000948
has db xref: EMAPA:35456
has db xref: FMA:7490
has db xref: GAID:102
has db xref: MA:0000319
has db xref: MAT:0000188
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583
has db xref: MIAA:0000188
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182
has db xref: TAO:0000367
has db xref: UMLS:C0022417
has db xref: VHOG:0001276
has db xref: VSAO:0000101
has db xref: XAO:0000171
has db xref: ZFA:0001596
has db xref: galen:Joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: articular joint
id: UBERON:0000982
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004905
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0004765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004770
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: skeletal system
equivalent class: Class
  union of: UBERON_0002217
  union of: UBERON_0011134

metatarsus region
definition: A metapodium region that is part of a pes.
UBPROP_0000012: mammalian and non-mammalian AOs differ in whether they consider this a part of the skeleton
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280711000
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/370639003
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2221
has db xref: EMAPA:32940
has db xref: FMA:24997
has db xref: MA:0000049
has exact synonym: hind metapodium
has exact synonym: metatarsal part of foot
has exact synonym: metatarsal region
has exact synonym: regio metatarsalis
has narrow synonym: hindlimb cannon region
has narrow synonym: hindlimb equine cannon region
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: metatarsus
id: UBERON:0000983
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008784
subclass of: UBERON_0009877
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has skeleton
  some values from: UBERON_0010545
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012142
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0009877
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

imaginal disc-derived wing
definition: A flight organ of the adult external thorax that is derived from a dorsal mesothoracic disc.
editor note: TODO - review. hymenoptera thorax = fusion of thorax and mesosoma/metasoma
has broad synonym: wing
has db xref: FBbt:00004729
has db xref: HAO:0001089
has db xref: TGMA:0000196
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: adult mesothoracic wing
has related synonym: adult metathoracic wing
has related synonym: thoracic wing
has related synonym: thorax wing
has related synonym: wing of thorax
id: UBERON:0000984
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: wing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: imaginal disc
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: wing
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: develops_from
    some values from: imaginal disc

axillary vein
definition: Vein that drains the axilla
UBPROP_0000008: In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein. Its tributaries include the basilic vein and cephalic vein, which are both superficial veins. It terminates at the lateral margin of the first rib, at which it becomes the subclavian vein. It is accompanied along its course by a similarly named artery, the axillary artery
has db xref: Axillary vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0004456
has db xref: Axillary Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181389002
has db xref: EMAPA:18758
has db xref: FMA:13329
has db xref: GAID:527
has db xref: MA:0002084
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908.077
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwLSHK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0004456
has db xref: galen:AxillaryVein
has exact synonym: vena axillaris
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: subcostal vein
id: UBERON:0000985
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0009472
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: shoulder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0009472

haltere
definition: The capitate stalk on both sides of the thorax having developed from the dorsal metathoracic wing-buds, it is freely movable and capable of vibration, representing the hind wing of Diptera; used for flight balance.
editor note: this term should be ceded to the arthropod anatomy ontology
has db xref: Haltere
has db xref: EFO:0000886
has db xref: FBbt:00004783
has db xref: MAT:0000203
has db xref: MIAA:0000203
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwL1JcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: balancer organ
id: UBERON:0000987
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: appendage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: organismal segment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: imaginal disc

pons
definition: Brainstrem structure that has as its parts the pontine tegmentum and basal part of pons[FMA].
editor note: The pons is not present in zebrafish. In this ontology we currently have some structures which are applicable to zebrafish appearing as parts of the pons. Currently we only include the weaker dubious_for_taxon relationship ubtil this is resolved
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 7955
UBPROP_0000001: The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: During the embryonic development of birds and mammals, neuroblasts migrate from the cerebellum into the ventral part of the rhombencephalon and differentiate into pontine and other nuclei, which relay information from between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and a conspicuous band of transverse fibers. This region is known as the pons. A pons does not differentiate in reptiles and anamniotes (...).[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Pons
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0032639
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1280999
has db xref: Pons Varolii
has db xref: birnlex 733
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279103004
has db xref: BAMS:PONS
has db xref: BAMS:Pons
has db xref: BM:Pons
has db xref: BTO:0001101
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0813
has db xref: DHBA:10661
has db xref: EFO:0001394
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004394
has db xref: EMAPA:17563
has db xref: EV:0100253
has db xref: FMA:67943
has db xref: GAID:578
has db xref: HBA:9131
has db xref: MA:0000204
has db xref: MAT:0000115
has db xref: MBA:771
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.600
has db xref: MIAA:0000115
has db xref: UMLS:C0032639
has db xref: UMLS:C1280999
has db xref: VHOG:0001176
has exact synonym: pons Varolii
has exact synonym: pons of Varolius
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pons cerebri
id: UBERON:0000988
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002298
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002298
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: metencephalon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: metencephalon

penis
definition: A intromittent organ in certain biologically male organisms. In placental mammals, this also serves as the organ of urination
UBPROP_0000007: penile
UBPROP_0000007: phallic
UBPROP_0000008: Most male birds (e.g., roosters and turkeys) have a cloaca (also present on the female), but not a penis. Among bird species with a penis are paleognathes (tinamous and ratites), Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans), and a very few other species (such as flamingoes). A bird penis is different in structure from mammal penises, being an erectile expansion of the cloacal wall and being erected by lymph, not blood. It is usually partially feathered and in some species features spines and brush-like filaments, and in flaccid state curls up inside the cloaca
has db xref: Penis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030851
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/265793009
has db xref: BTO:0000405
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0758
has db xref: EFO:0000987
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001433
has db xref: EHDAA:9380
has db xref: EMAPA:18682
has db xref: EMAPA_RETIRED:18996
has db xref: EV:0100107
has db xref: FMA:9707
has db xref: GAID:389
has db xref: MA:0000408
has db xref: MAT:0000186
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.444.492
has db xref: MIAA:0000186
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0030851
has db xref: VHOG:0000727
has db xref: galen:Penis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: penes
has related synonym: phallus
id: UBERON:0000989
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008811
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004876
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005876

reproductive system
definition: Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction.
editor note: consider splitting genitalia from reproductive system
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues associated with sexual reproduction of the organism.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Arguably, one of the most important aspects of urbilaterian organogenesis would have been gonadogenesis, since Urbilateria must have successfully generated gametes and developed a strategy for extrusion and fertilization, in order to be the ancestor of all living Bilateria.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_75572
has db xref: Reproductive system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1261210
has db xref: Reproductive System
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278875001
has db xref: AAO:0010258
has db xref: BILA:0000103
has db xref: BTO:0000081
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1318
has db xref: EFO:0000809
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001603
has db xref: EHDAA:5923
has db xref: EMAPA:17381
has db xref: EV:0100100
has db xref: FBbt:00004857
has db xref: FMA:7160
has db xref: GAID:363
has db xref: HAO:0000374
has db xref: HAO:0000895
has db xref: MA:0000326
has db xref: MIAA:0000305
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000632
has db xref: UMLS:C1261210
has db xref: VHOG:0000182
has db xref: WBbt:0005747
has db xref: XAO:0000142
has db xref: ZFA:0000632
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Geschlechtsorgan
has related synonym: animal reproductive system
has related synonym: genital system
has related synonym: genital tract
has related synonym: genitalia
has related synonym: organa genitalia
has related synonym: reproductive tissue
has related synonym: reproductive tract
has related synonym: systemata genitalia
id: UBERON:0000990
in subset: efo slim
in subset: functional classification
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: mesoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: gonad

gonad
definition: Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: gonadal
UBPROP_0000012: FMA xref is a 'general anatomical term'
has db xref: Gonad
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0018067
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/304623008
has db xref: AAO:0000213
has db xref: BILA:0000123
has db xref: BSA:0000079
has db xref: BTO:0000534
has db xref: EMAPA:16857
has db xref: EMAPA:17383
has db xref: FBbt:00004858
has db xref: FMA:18250
has db xref: GAID:368
has db xref: HAO:0000379
has db xref: MA:0002420
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.576
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQvdiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000413
has db xref: UMLS:C0018067
has db xref: VHOG:0000397
has db xref: WBbt:0005175
has db xref: XAO:0003146
has db xref: ZFA:0000413
has exact synonym: gonada
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000991
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003133
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: reproductive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005564

female gonad
definition: the gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells
UBPROP_0000001: Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Female reproductive organ.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: ovarian
UBPROP_0000008: Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo
has db xref: Ovary
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0029939
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181464007
has db xref: AAO:0000371
has db xref: BILA:0000125
has db xref: BSA:0000080
has db xref: BTO:0000975
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0730
has db xref: EFO:0000973
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001360
has db xref: EHDAA:8124
has db xref: EMAPA:17962
has db xref: EV:0100111
has db xref: FBbt:00004865
has db xref: FMA:7209
has db xref: GAID:367
has db xref: MA:0000384
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319.114.630
has db xref: MIAA:0000125
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000403
has db xref: UMLS:C0029939
has db xref: VHOG:0000251
has db xref: XAO:0000258
has db xref: ZFA:0000403
has exact synonym: female organism genitalia gonad
has exact synonym: female organism genitalia gonada
has exact synonym: female organism reproductive system gonad
has exact synonym: female organism reproductive system gonada
has exact synonym: female reproductive system gonad
has exact synonym: female reproductive system gonada
has exact synonym: genitalia of female organism gonad
has exact synonym: genitalia of female organism gonada
has exact synonym: gonad of female organism genitalia
has exact synonym: gonad of female organism reproductive system
has exact synonym: gonad of female reproductive system
has exact synonym: gonad of genitalia of female organism
has exact synonym: gonad of reproductive system of female organism
has exact synonym: gonada of female organism genitalia
has exact synonym: gonada of female organism reproductive system
has exact synonym: gonada of female reproductive system
has exact synonym: gonada of genitalia of female organism
has exact synonym: gonada of reproductive system of female organism
has exact synonym: ovary
has exact synonym: ovum-producing ovary
has exact synonym: reproductive system of female organism gonad
has exact synonym: reproductive system of female organism gonada
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ovaries
has related synonym: ovarium
id: UBERON:0000992
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: gonad
subclass of: UBERON_0003134
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: female reproductive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0009117
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: gonad
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: female reproductive system

oviduct
definition: A tube or collection of tubes in an animal from the ovaries to the outside of the body.
curator notes: sometimes oviduct is used interchangeably with follaopian tube. Here they are different - the oviduct connects the gonad to the outside in a variety of animals. The mammal-class fallopian tube is derived from the mullerian duct and connects the gonads/infubdibulum to the uterus
UBPROP_0000001: A passage through which ova leave the maternal body or pass to an organ communicating with the exterior of the body. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: In all remaining vertebrates (i.e., coelacanths, lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals), the oviduct arises in ontogeny as a longitudinal, groovelike invagination of the coelomic epithelium on the lateral surface of the mesonephros.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: The only female vertebrates to lack oviducts are the jawless fishes. In these species, the single fused ovary releases eggs directly into the body cavity. The fish eventually extrudes the eggs through small genital pores towards the rear of the body[WP]
UBPROP_0000008: in birds divided into infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina
has db xref: Oviduct
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0029954
has db xref: AAO:0010533
has db xref: BSA:0000083
has db xref: BTO:0000980
has db xref: EFO:0000974
has db xref: EMAPA:18984
has db xref: GAID:366
has db xref: MAT:0000126
has db xref: MESH:A13.706
has db xref: MIAA:0000126
has db xref: TAO:0000560
has db xref: UMLS:C0029954
has db xref: VHOG:0001136
has db xref: XAO:0003052
has db xref: ZFA:0000560
has exact synonym: ovarian duct
has exact synonym: ovarian tube
has exact synonym: uterine tube
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: female reproductive tracts
has related synonym: tuba uterina
has related synonym: tuba uterinae
has related synonym: tubular parts of female reproductive system
id: UBERON:0000993
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: tube
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: female gonad
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: female reproductive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0013514

spermathecum
definition: An organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other invertebrates and vertebrates.[1] Its purpose is to receive and store sperm from the male, and can sometimes be the site of fertilization when the oocytes are ready.[2] Some species have multiple spermathecae, as seen in earthworms, where four pairs of spermathecae are present. One pair in 6,7,8 and 9 segments. They receive and store the spermatozoa of another earthworm during copulation.[3] They are lined with epithelium and are variable in shape; some are thin, heavily coiled tubes, others are vague outpocketings from the main reproductive tract. It is one of the many variations in sexual reproduction[WP]. an accordion-like tube that contains sperm and is the site of oocyte fertilization.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Spermatheca
has db xref: BTO:0001273
has db xref: EFO:0000977
has db xref: FBbt:00004921
has db xref: HAO:0000945
has db xref: MAT:0000168
has db xref: MIAA:0000168
has db xref: TGMA:0000560
has db xref: WBbt:0005319
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: receptaculum seminis
has related synonym: seminal receptacle
has related synonym: spermatheca
has related synonym: spermathecae
id: UBERON:0000994
in subset: dubious grouping
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: gonad

uterus
definition: the female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth
UBPROP_0000001: The hollow muscular organ in female mammals in which the blastocyst normally becomes embedded and in which the developing embryo and fetus is nourished. Its cavity opens into the vagina below and into a uterine tube on either side. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: An infundibulum, uterine tube, uterus, and vagina also differentiate along the oviducts of eutherian mammals.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: uterine
UBPROP_0000008: Most animals that lay eggs, such as birds and reptiles, have an oviduct instead of a uterus. In monotremes, mammals which lay eggs and include the platypus, either the term uterus or oviduct is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a placenta within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and fertilization. Marsupials have two uteruses, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and which both use a third, middle 'vagina' which functions as the birth canal. Marsupial embryos form a choriovitelline 'placenta' (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a 'true' placenta), in which the egg's yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo's nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother's bloodstream.
UBPROP_0000011: Two uteruses usually form initially in a female fetus, and in placental mammals they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteruses, only one is functional. Humans and other higher primates such as chimpanzees, along with horses, usually have a single completely fused uterus, although in some individuals the uteruses may not have completely fused [Wikipedia:Uterus]
has db xref: Uterus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042149
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181452004
has db xref: BTO:0001424
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1102
has db xref: EFO:0000975
has db xref: EMAPA:29915
has db xref: EV:0100113
has db xref: FMA:17558
has db xref: GAID:172
has db xref: MA:0000389
has db xref: MAT:0000127
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319.679
has db xref: MIAA:0000127
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0042149
has db xref: VHOG:0001137
has db xref: galen:Uterus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0000995
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0013515
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004175
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0005795

vagina
definition: A fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles[WP].
UBPROP_0000001: Organ with organ cavity which connects the cervical canal of uterus to the vestibule of vagina.[FMA]
UBPROP_0000001: The genital canal in the female, leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: vaginal
UBPROP_0000011: 'The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria.' Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.688
has db xref: Vagina
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042232
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181441005
has db xref: BTO:0000243
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1103
has db xref: EFO:0000976
has db xref: EMAPA:18986
has db xref: EV:0100117
has db xref: FMA:19949
has db xref: GAID:381
has db xref: MA:0000394
has db xref: MAT:0000128
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319.779
has db xref: MIAA:0000128
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj1B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0042232
has db xref: VHOG:0001138
has db xref: galen:Vagina
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: distal oviductal region
has related synonym: distal portion of oviduct
has related synonym: vaginae
id: UBERON:0000996
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0013515
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: primitive urogenital sinus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003975
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003975

mammalian vulva
definition: external genital organs of the female mammal[WP].
UBPROP_0000001: The external genital organs of the female, including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule of the vagina. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: vulval
has db xref: Vulva
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042993
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/265796001
has db xref: BTO:0003101
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1168
has db xref: EFO:0000978
has db xref: EV:0100118
has db xref: FMA:20462
has db xref: GAID:383
has db xref: MA:0000395
has db xref: MAT:0000169
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319.887
has db xref: MIAA:0000169
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgAWeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0042993
has db xref: VHOG:0001458
has db xref: galen:Vulva
has exact synonym: female pudendum
has exact synonym: mammalian vulva
has exact synonym: puboperineal region
has exact synonym: pudendum femininum
has exact synonym: skin of female pudendum
has exact synonym: skin of vulva
has exact synonym: vulva
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pudendum
has related synonym: pudendum femininum
has related synonym: pudendum muliebre
id: UBERON:0000997
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005056

seminal vesicle
definition: Either of a pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct.
UBPROP_0000001: Either of a pair of pouchlike glands situated on each side of the male urinary bladder that secrete seminal fluid and nourish and promote the movement of spermatozoa through the urethra. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: (In mammalian testis) Along the way (the sperm travel), three accessory sex glands, the seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland, respectively, add their secretions as sperm move from the testes to the urethra.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000009: The seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen. Lipofuscin granules from dead epithelial cells give the secretion its yellowish color. About 50-70% of the seminal fluid in humans originates from the seminal vesicles, but is not expelled in the first ejaculate fractions which are dominated by spermatozoa and zinc-rich prostatic fluid.
has broad synonym: seminal gland
has db xref: Seminal vesicle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036628
has db xref: Seminal Vesicle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181434004
has db xref: AAO:0010788
has db xref: BTO:0001234
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0919
has db xref: EFO:0000986
has db xref: EMAPA:19180
has db xref: EV:0100106
has db xref: FMA:19386
has db xref: GAID:394
has db xref: MA:0000410
has db xref: MAT:0000171
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.444.713
has db xref: MIAA:0000171
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwTtRpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0036628
has db xref: VHOG:0001379
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glandula seminalis
has related synonym: glandula vesiculosa
has related synonym: gon_male_sves
has related synonym: vas efferens
has related synonym: vesicula seminalis
has related synonym: vesiculae seminales
has related synonym: vesicular gland
has related synonym: vesicular glands
has related synonym: vesicular seminalis
has related synonym: vesiculæ seminales
has related synonym: vesiculæ seminales
id: UBERON:0000998
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006868
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0004054
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: mesonephros
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: testis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: UBERON_0010143

ejaculatory duct
definition: The Ejaculatory ducts (ductus ejaculatorii) are paired structures in male anatomy, about 2 cm in length. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis[WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Ejaculatory duct
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013747
has db xref: Ejaculatory Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279665005
has db xref: BTO:0001580
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0211
has db xref: EFO:0000985
has db xref: EMAPA:19088
has db xref: FMA:19325
has db xref: GAID:388
has db xref: MA:0003247
has db xref: MAT:0000170
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.444.251
has db xref: MIAA:0000170
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwOt7MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0013747
has exact synonym: ductus ejaculatorii
has exact synonym: ductus ejaculatorius
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus ejaculatorii
id: UBERON:0000999
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005904
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: UBERON_0010143
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: male reproductive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: male reproductive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: vas deferens
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: seminal vesicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: urethra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: UBERON_0001968

vas deferens
definition: A secretory duct that transports sperm from the testis. In mammals this is a continuation of the epididymis and ends in the prostatic urethra where it terminates to form ejaculatory duct
UBPROP_0000003: The continuation of the archinephric duct, now called the deferent duct, extends caudally to the cloaca or to the part of the mammalian urethra that is derived from the cloaca.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: Most vertebrates have some form of duct to transfer the sperm from the testes to the urethra. In cartilaginous fish and amphibians, sperm is carried through the archinephric duct, which also partially helps to transport urine from the kidneys. In teleosts, there is a distinct sperm duct, separate from the ureters, and often called the vas deferens, although probably not truly homologous with that in humans. In cartilaginous fishes, the part of the archinephric duct closest to the testis is coiled up to form an epididymis. Below this are a number of small glands secreting components of the seminal fluid. The final portion of the duct also receives ducts from the kidneys in most species. In amniotes, however, the archinephric duct has become a true vas deferens, and is used only for conducting sperm, never urine. As in cartilaginous fish, the upper part of the duct forms the epididymis. In many species, the vas deferens ends in a small sac for storing sperm. The only vertebrates to lack any structure resembling a vas deferens are the primitive jawless fishes, which release sperm directly into the body cavity, and then into the surrounding water through a simple opening in the body wall.
has db xref: Vas deferens
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042360
has db xref: Vas Deferens
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245467009
has db xref: BTO:0001427
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1105
has db xref: EFO:0000981
has db xref: EMAPA:18681
has db xref: EV:0100105
has db xref: FMA:19234
has db xref: GAID:404
has db xref: MA:0000413
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.444.930
has db xref: MIAA:0000129
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvjv7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0042360
has db xref: VHOG:0001135
has db xref: galen:VasDeferens
has exact synonym: deferent duct
has exact synonym: ductus deferens
has exact synonym: vas deferen
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: sperm duct
has related synonym: vasa deferentia
id: UBERON:0001000
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005904
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005352
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: UBERON_0001968
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006947
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0004054
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: epididymis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: ejaculatory duct

chitin-based cuticle
definition: A cuticular covering that is composed primarily of chitin. The main structural component of arthropod cuticle is a polysaccharide, chitin, composed of N-acetylglucosamine units, together with proteins and lipids[WP].
editor note: TODO - split from exoskeleton? Also: See above sf item to see if this belongs in GO
has alternative id: UBERON:FBbt_00004970
has broad synonym: exoskeleton
has db xref: Arthropod exoskeleton
has db xref: EFO:0000944
has db xref: FBbt:00004970
has db xref: HAO:0000240
has db xref: MAT:0000150
has db xref: MIAA:0000150
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkBTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has narrow synonym: cuticle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arthropod cuticle
has related synonym: arthropod exoskeleton
has related synonym: insect cuticle
id: UBERON:0001001
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: cuticle
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0007491
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0007376
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002416

cuticle
definition: tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Cuticles are non-homologous, differing in their origin, structure and chemical composition[WP].
editor note: TODO - check cuticle vs exoskeleton. Note that GO has a very generic definition of cuticle. See also arthropod-anatomy ontology. Note in ncit Cuticle is a plant part
UBPROP_0000007: cuticular
has db xref: Cuticle
has db xref: BTO:0001600
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cuticula
has related synonym: cuticular exoskeleton
id: UBERON:0001002
in subset: grouping class
in subset: non informative
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: acellular anatomical structure

skin epidermis
definition: The outer layer of the skin[WP]. cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm[ZFA].
UBPROP_0000001: A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: epidermal
UBPROP_0000008: Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes).
has broad synonym: skin
has db xref: Epidermis (skin)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0014520
has db xref: Epidermis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361694003
has db xref: AAO:0000143
has db xref: BTO:0000404
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0283
has db xref: EFO:0000954
has db xref: EMAPA:17528
has db xref: EV:0100153
has db xref: FMA:70596
has db xref: GAID:932
has db xref: MA:0000153
has db xref: MAT:0000154
has db xref: MESH:A10.272.497
has db xref: MIAA:0000154
has db xref: TAO:0000105
has db xref: UMLS:C0014520
has db xref: VHOG:0000077
has db xref: XAO:0000028
has db xref: ZFA:0000105
has exact synonym: adult epidermis
has exact synonym: vertebrate epidermis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001003
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007376
subclass of: UBERON_3000961
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: developmentally_replaces
  some values from: UBERON_0003055
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002067
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002097
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007376
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002097

respiratory system
definition: Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration.
UBPROP_0000001: The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Respiratory system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0035237
has db xref: Respiratory System
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278197002
has db xref: AAO:0000541
has db xref: BTO:0000203
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1319
has db xref: EFO:0000804
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001604
has db xref: EHDAA:2203
has db xref: EMAPA:16727
has db xref: EV:0100036
has db xref: FMA:7158
has db xref: GAID:78
has db xref: MA:0000327
has db xref: MAT:0000030
has db xref: MESH:A04
has db xref: MIAA:0000030
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000272
has db xref: UMLS:C0035237
has db xref: VHOG:0000202
has db xref: XAO:0000117
has db xref: ZFA:0000272
has exact synonym: apparatus respiratorius
has exact synonym: respiratory system
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Atmungssystem
has related synonym: apparatus respiratorius
has related synonym: systema respiratorium
id: UBERON:0001004
in subset: efo slim
in subset: functional classification
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage

respiratory airway
definition: An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms.
curator notes: This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED). As a grouping class this is quite vague, as it is not clear where the airway begins and ends
has broad synonym: airway
has broad synonym: airways
has db xref: Trachea
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361380005
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001005
in subset: grouping class
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory system

obsolete spiracle
definition: OBSOLETE: The mostly slit-like opening on the body surface through which air is taken into the respiratory system.
consider: FBbt:00005054
consider: HAO:0000950
consider: TGMA:0000578
consider: UBERON:0010019
has db xref: Spiracle
has db xref: EFO:0000936
has db xref: MAT:0000208
has db xref: MIAA:0000208
has narrow synonym: open tracheal system spiracle
has narrow synonym: spiracle of open tracheal system
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: spiracular gland
id: UBERON:0001006
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
comment: This class was obsoleted as it grouped together disparate classes. For the fish structure, see UBERON:0010019. The arthropod structure will presumably be added to the arthropod anatomy
deprecated: true

digestive system
definition: Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes.
UBPROP_0000001: An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000007: digestive
UBPROP_0000012: many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class
has db xref: Digestive system
has db xref: Digestive System
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278859004
has db xref: AAO:0000129
has db xref: BILA:0000082
has db xref: BTO:0000058
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1293
has db xref: EFO:0000793
has db xref: EV:0100056
has db xref: FBbt:00005055
has db xref: FMA:7152
has db xref: GAID:278
has db xref: MA:0002431
has db xref: MAT:0000018
has db xref: MESH:A03
has db xref: MIAA:0000018
has db xref: TADS:0000170
has db xref: TAO:0000339
has db xref: WBbt:0005748
has db xref: XAO:0000125
has db xref: ZFA:0000339
has db xref: galen:DigestiveSystem
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: alimentary system
has related synonym: alimentary tract
has related synonym: gastrointestinal system
has related synonym: gut
id: UBERON:0001007
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage

renal system
definition: The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products..
editor note: In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here
UBPROP_0000001: An anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues which produce, store, and excrete urine.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Evolution of vertebrate renal anatomy appears quite conservative when compared, for example, to evolution of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates. Major anatomical changes in vertebrates kidneys separate those of birds and mammals from kidneys of lower vertebrates. General increase in animal size from fish to mammals is reflected by an increase in total number of nephrons per kidney, rather than by constant change in tubular dimensions.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels
UBPROP_0000008: This definition is inclusive of the organs of the vertebrate renal system, as well as the Malpighian tubules of insects, and allows for future incorporation of structures such as the antennal glands of crustaceans
has db xref: Excretory system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1508753
has db xref: Urinary System
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362204003
has db xref: AAO:0010257
has db xref: BILA:0000015
has db xref: BTO:0001244
has db xref: BTO:0003092
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1323
has db xref: EFO:0000803
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001601
has db xref: EHDAA:5901
has db xref: EMAPA:17366
has db xref: EV:0100095
has db xref: FBbt:00005056
has db xref: FMA:7159
has db xref: GAID:391
has db xref: MA:0000325
has db xref: MAT:0000027
has db xref: MESH:A05.810
has db xref: MIAA:0000027
has db xref: TADS:0000162
has db xref: TAO:0000163
has db xref: UMLS:C1508753
has db xref: VHOG:0000723
has db xref: WBbt:0005736
has db xref: XAO:0000143
has db xref: ZFA:0000163
has db xref: galen:UrinaryTract
has exact synonym: excretory system
has exact synonym: renal system
has exact synonym: systema urinaria
has exact synonym: systema urinarium
has exact synonym: urinary system
has exact synonym: urinary tract
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: renal or urinary system
has related synonym: renal/urinary system
id: UBERON:0001008
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage

circulatory system
definition: organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP].
curator notes: the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 6231
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Circulatory system
has db xref: AAO:0000959
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2103
has db xref: FBbt:00005057
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: VHOG:0001248
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: systema cardiovasculare
id: UBERON:0001009
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage

diaphysis of ulna
definition: The body of the ulna at its upper part is prismatic in form, and curved so as to be convex behind and lateralward; its central part is straight; its lower part is rounded, smooth, and bent a little lateralward. It tapers gradually from above downward, and has three borders and three surfaces.
has db xref: Body of ulna
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302520004
has db xref: FMA:33760
has exact synonym: body of ulna
has exact synonym: corpus ulnae
has exact synonym: shaft of ulna
has exact synonym: ulnar diaphysis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: shaft of ulna
has related synonym: supinator crest
id: UBERON:0001010
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0004769
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ulna
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004769
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: ulna

hemolymph
definition: Blood analogue used by all arthropods and most mollusks that have an open circulatory system. In these animals there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid. The liquid fills all of the interior (the hemocoel) of the body and surrounds all cells.
has db xref: Hemolymph
has db xref: BTO:0000572
has db xref: FBbt:00005061
has db xref: GAID:1220
has db xref: MAT:0000054
has db xref: MESH:A13.453
has db xref: MIAA:0000054
has db xref: TGMA:0000000
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: haemolymph
id: UBERON:0001011
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organism substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: circulatory system

head of radius
definition: The head of the radius has a cylindrical form, and on its upper surface is a shallow cup or fovea for articulation with the capitulum (or capitellum) of the humerus. The circumference of the head is smooth; it is broad medially where it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, narrow in the rest of its extent, which is embraced by the annular ligament. The deepest point in the fovea is not axi-symmetric with the long axis of the radius, creating a cam effect during pronation and supination[WP].
has db xref: Head of radius
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181941003
has db xref: FMA:33773
has db xref: galen:HeadOfRadius
has exact synonym: radial head
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: caput radii
id: UBERON:0001012
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005055
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: elbow joint
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004413

adipose tissue
definition: Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue
UBPROP_0000001: Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: adipose
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen.
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue
has db xref: Adipose tissue
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001527
has db xref: Adipose Tissue
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/55603005
has db xref: AAO:0000001
has db xref: AEO:000020
has db xref: BTO:0001487
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0013
has db xref: EFO:0000790
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003120
has db xref: EMAPA:35112
has db xref: EV:0100381
has db xref: FMA:20110
has db xref: GAID:920
has db xref: MA:0000009
has db xref: MAT:0000015
has db xref: MESH:A10.165.114
has db xref: MIAA:0000015
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0002134
has db xref: UMLS:C0001527
has db xref: VHOG:0001284
has db xref: XAO:0003049
has db xref: ZFA:0005345
has db xref: galen:FattyTissue
has exact synonym: fat
has exact synonym: fat tissue
has exact synonym: fatty tissue
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: adipose
has related synonym: bodyfat
has related synonym: fatty depot
id: UBERON:0001013
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011822

obsolete fat body
consider: UBERON:0003917
has exact synonym: fat pad
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001014
type: Class
deprecated: true

musculature
definition: A subdivision of the muscular system.
UBPROP_0000012: In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here.
has db xref: Muscular system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0026845
has db xref: Muscle
has db xref: AAO:0011066
has db xref: BTO:0000887
has db xref: EFO:0001949
has db xref: EMAPA:32715
has db xref: EMAPA:35577
has db xref: FMA:32558
has db xref: MA:0000165
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000548
has db xref: UMLS:C0026845
has db xref: VSAO:0005038
has db xref: WBbt:0005737
has db xref: ZFA:0000548
has exact synonym: muscle group
has exact synonym: muscles set
has exact synonym: musculature
has exact synonym: musculi
has exact synonym: set of muscles
has exact synonym: set of skeletal muscles
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: muscle system
has related synonym: muscles
has related synonym: musculature system
id: UBERON:0001015
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical group
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: musculature of body

nervous system
definition: The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].
UBPROP_0000001: A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: nervous
UBPROP_0000007: neural
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Nervous system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027763
has db xref: Nervous System
has db xref: birnlex 844
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278196006
has db xref: AAO:0000324
has db xref: BILA:0000079
has db xref: BTO:0001484
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1313
has db xref: EFO:0000802
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001246
has db xref: EHDAA:826
has db xref: EMAPA:16469
has db xref: EV:0100162
has db xref: FBbt:00005093
has db xref: FMA:7157
has db xref: GAID:466
has db xref: MA:0000016
has db xref: MAT:0000026
has db xref: MESH:A08
has db xref: MIAA:0000026
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000396
has db xref: UMLS:C0027763
has db xref: VHOG:0000402
has db xref: WBbt:0005735
has db xref: XAO:0000177
has db xref: ZFA:0000396
has narrow synonym: nerve net
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Nervensystem
has related synonym: systema nervosum
id: UBERON:0001016
in subset: cumbo
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0016880

central nervous system
definition: The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord.
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO).
UBPROP_0000003: (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Central nervous system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0927232
has db xref: Central Nervous System
has db xref: birnlex 1099
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278199004
has db xref: AAO:0000090
has db xref: BAMS:CNS
has db xref: BILA:0000080
has db xref: BTO:0000227
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0150
has db xref: EFO:0000908
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000225
has db xref: EHDAA:828
has db xref: EMAPA:16470
has db xref: EMAPA:16754
has db xref: EV:0100163
has db xref: FBbt:00005094
has db xref: FMA:55675
has db xref: GAID:570
has db xref: MA:0000167
has db xref: MAT:0000457
has db xref: MESH:A08.186
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYt3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000012
has db xref: UMLS:C0927232
has db xref: VHOG:0000293
has db xref: XAO:0000215
has db xref: ZFA:0000012
has exact synonym: CNS
has exact synonym: systema nervosum centrale
has narrow synonym: cerebrospinal axis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: basal nucleus of the amygdala
has related synonym: basolateral nucleus of amygdala
has related synonym: basolateral nucleus of the amygdala
has related synonym: neuraxis
has related synonym: nucleus amygdalae basalis
has related synonym: nucleus amygdaloideus basalis
has related synonym: nucleus amygdaloideus basolateralis
has related synonym: nucleus basalis amygdalae
id: UBERON:0001017
in subset: cumbo
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0011216
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0016879
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system

axon tract
definition: A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination[FBbt].
UBPROP_0000001: White matter structure of CNS that contains axons that arise predominantly in one central nervous system part and terminate in another. Tracts are generally named by their region or origin followed by their region of primary termination, e.g., mammillothalamic tract contains axons that arise from neurons in the mammillary bodies and terminate in the thalamus. (CUMBO)
has db xref: birnlex 1649
has db xref: nlx_147822
has db xref: EV:0100304
has db xref: FBbt:00005100
has db xref: FMA:83847
has exact synonym: axonal tract
has exact synonym: neuraxis tract
has exact synonym: tract of neuraxis
has narrow synonym: Nerve tract
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nerve tract
has related synonym: tract
id: UBERON:0001018
in subset: cumbo
type: Class
comment: WP says this is the analog of peripheral nerves in CNS.
subclass of: neuron projection bundle
subclass of: UBERON_0011215
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: central nervous system

nerve fasciculus
definition: A slender neuron projection bundle[FBbt]; A bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve (American Heritage Dictionary 4th ed).
editor note: note FBbt class not disjoint from tract. Consider merging with 'neuron projection bundle'
has broad synonym: fascicle
has db xref: Nervous system fascicle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1185741
has db xref: Fascicle
has db xref: birnlex 872
has db xref: BTO:0002191
has db xref: FBbt:00005101
has db xref: FMA:12235
has db xref: TGMA:0000088
has db xref: UMLS:C1185741
has exact synonym: fasciculus
has exact synonym: nerve bundle
has exact synonym: nerve fasciculus
has exact synonym: neural fasciculus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nerve fiber tract
id: UBERON:0001019
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: neuron projection bundle

nervous system commissure
definition: Axon tract that crosses the midline of the central nervous system[NIF, modified]. In the context of Drosophila refers to a broad band of axons connecting equivalent neuropils each side of the brain[FBbt].
UBPROP_0000001: White matter fiber bundle that crosses the midline of the brain or spinal cord, that connects similar structures on both sides. (CUMBO; Heimer, L. The Human Brain, 2nd ed., 1995, pg 6)
UBPROP_0000007: commissural
has broad synonym: commissure
has db xref: Commissure
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1185742
has db xref: nlx 110
has db xref: nlx anat 20090513
has db xref: FBbt:00005103
has db xref: FMA:83906
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdBrmE6gOEdudWQACs5b6Bw
has db xref: TADS:0000201
has db xref: UMLS:C1185742
has exact synonym: commissure of neuraxis
has exact synonym: neuraxis commissure
has narrow synonym: white matter commissure
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001020
in subset: cumbo
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: *not* the same as FMA:76741 Commissure
subclass of: axon tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: intersects_midsagittal_plane_of
  some values from: nervous system

nerve
definition: An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures.
UBPROP_0000001: A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000007: nervous
has db xref: Nervous system
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027740
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0031119
has db xref: Nerve
has db xref: Peripheral Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 1615
has db xref: nlx_147826
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244457007
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/256864008
has db xref: AAO:0011070
has db xref: AEO:0000137
has db xref: BAMS:n
has db xref: BSA:0000098
has db xref: BTO:0000925
has db xref: BTO:0001027
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0772
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003137
has db xref: EHDAA:2851
has db xref: EHDAA:3776
has db xref: EHDAA:4657
has db xref: EMAPA:32808
has db xref: EMAPA:32815
has db xref: EV:0100371
has db xref: FBbt:00005105
has db xref: FMA:65132
has db xref: FMA:65239
has db xref: GAID:747
has db xref: GAID:758
has db xref: MA:0000217
has db xref: MA:0000228
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3lkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0007009
has db xref: UMLS:C0027740
has db xref: UMLS:C0031119
has db xref: VHOG:0000901
has db xref: XAO:0000204
has db xref: XAO:0003047
has db xref: ZFA:0007009
has db xref: galen:Nerve
has exact synonym: nerves
has exact synonym: peripheral nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: neural subtree
id: UBERON:0001021
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: neuron projection bundle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: peripheral nervous system

obsolete cell body
consider: FBbt:00005107
consider: FMA:67301
consider: GO:0043025
consider: NIF_Subcellular:sao1044911821
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001022
type: Class
deprecated: true

obsolete dendrite
definition: The region of a neuron receiving inputs from other neurons, typically a slender neurite, often branched. In insect neurons, this is often not a clear designation and often presynaptic sites co-extend with postsynaptic ones.
UBPROP_0000007: dendritic
consider: FBbt:00005110
consider: FMA:67314
consider: GAID:749
consider: GO:0030425
consider: MESH:A08.663.256
consider: NIF_Subcellular:sao1211023249
consider: OpenCyc:Mx4rviIdspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
consider: TGMA:0001373
consider: UMLS:C0011305
consider: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Dendrite
has db xref: Dendrite
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001023
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Made obsolete as it was equivalent to GO class
deprecated: true

obsolete neurite
definition: One of the processes or extensions of a neuron, axon or dendrite or cell body fiber. // Cell appendage of the neuron which includes the axon and the dendrite.
consider: FBbt:00005113
consider: FMA:61814
consider: GAID:751
consider: GO:0043005
consider: MESH:A08.663.256.500
consider: NIF_Subcellular:sao-867568886
has db xref: Neurite
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001024
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Made obsolete as it was equivalent to GO class
deprecated: true

obsolete synapse
definition: The structural contact that is the site of transmission between neurons, identified by a presynaptic ribbon and synaptic vesicles as the input element and one or (usually) more postsynaptic elements with various specializations (membrane densities, cisternae, etc.).
UBPROP_0000007: synaptic
consider: FBbt:00005114
consider: FMA:67408
consider: GAID:766
consider: GO:0045202
consider: MESH:A08.850
consider: NIF_Subcellular:sao914572699
consider: SCTID:362298009
consider: UMLS:C0039062
consider: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Synapse
has db xref: Synapse
has exact synonym: synaptic junction
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001025
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Made obsolete as it was equivalent to GO class
deprecated: true

obsolete motor nerve
definition: General anatomical term applied to nerves in which somatic efferent nerve fibers predominate[FMA]. A motor nerve is an efferent nerve that exclusively contains the axons of somatic and branchial motoneurons, which innervate skeletal muscles (that ensure locomotion) and branchial muscles (that motorize the face and neck)[WP].
has db xref: Motor nerve
has exact synonym: nervus motorius
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: efferent nerve
id: UBERON:0001026
type: Class
deprecated: true

sensory nerve
definition: A group of neurons that provides a nervous response from a tissue[AEO].
UBPROP_0000001: General anatomical term applied to nerves in which somatic afferent nerve fibers predominate[FMA]. nerves that receive sensory stimuli made up of nerve fibers, called sensory fibers (mechanoreceptor fibers sense body movement and pressure placed against the body, and nociceptor fibers sense tissue injury)[WP][Wikipedia:Sensory_nerve].
has db xref: Sensory nerve
has db xref: AEO:0000201
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003200
has db xref: FBbt:00005136
has db xref: FMA:5868
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has exact synonym: nervus sensorius
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: afferent nerve
has related synonym: nervus sensorius
id: UBERON:0001027
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: nerve

diaphysis of radius
definition: A diaphysis that is part of a radius bone[Automatically generated definition].
UBPROP_0000001: The body of the radius (or shaft of radius) is prismoid in form, narrower above than below, and slightly curved, so as to be convex lateralward. It presents three borders and three surfaces[Wikipedia:Body_of_radius].
has db xref: Body of radius
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302518002
has db xref: FMA:33782
has exact synonym: body of radius
has exact synonym: corpus radii
has exact synonym: radial diaphysis
has exact synonym: shaft of radius
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: radial shaft
has related synonym: shaft of radius
id: UBERON:0001028
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0004769
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: radius bone
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004769
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: radius bone

neuromuscular junction
definition: .
editor note: TODO - use GO
has db xref: Neuromuscular junction
has db xref: FBbt:00005142
has db xref: FMA:61803
has db xref: GAID:809
has db xref: GO:0031594
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.550.550.550
has db xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao1124888485
has exact synonym: myoneural junction
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: synapsis neuromuscularis; junctio neuromuscularis
id: UBERON:0001029
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system

obsolete synaptic ribbon
consider: FBbt:00005143
consider: FMA:67107
consider: GO:0048788
consider: NIF_Subcellular:sao1884931180
has exact synonym: ribbon synapse
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001030
type: Class
deprecated: true

neurilemma
definition: thin membranous sheath around a nerve fiber[TFD].
UBPROP_0000012: FMA def is 'Neural tissue which consists of Schwann cells' which does not fit, but we still use 'neural tissue' here. WP def specifically states Schwann cells, which would restrict it to PNS
has db xref: Neurilemma
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027807
has db xref: Sheath of Schwann
has db xref: BTO:0003048
has db xref: FBbt:00005151
has db xref: FMA:62976
has db xref: GAID:730
has db xref: MESH:A08.561.600
has db xref: UMLS:C0027807
has exact synonym: neurolemma
has exact synonym: sheath of Schwann
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Schwann's membrane
has related synonym: endoneural membrane
id: UBERON:0001031
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003714
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system

sensory system
definition: Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information.
UBPROP_0000003: An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs
has db xref: Sensory system
has db xref: nlx anat 090816
has db xref: AAO:0000555
has db xref: BAMS:SEN
has db xref: BILA:0000099
has db xref: EFO:0000805
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003094
has db xref: EMAPA:16192
has db xref: FBbt:00005827
has db xref: FMA:75259
has db xref: MA:0002442
has db xref: MAT:0000031
has db xref: MIAA:0000031
has db xref: TAO:0000282
has db xref: VHOG:0001674
has db xref: XAO:0003194
has db xref: ZFA:0000282
has exact synonym: organa sensuum
has exact synonym: sense organ subsystem
has exact synonym: sense organs
has exact synonym: sense organs set
has exact synonym: sensory subsystem
has exact synonym: sensory systems
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: organa sensuum
has related synonym: sensory organ system
has related synonym: set of sense organs
id: UBERON:0001032
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004456
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: nervous system

gustatory system
definition: The sensory system for the sense of taste.
UBPROP_0000001: The sensory system for the sense of taste[NIFSTD:nlx_anat_090803].
UBPROP_0000001: The sensory system used for the sense of taste.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000007: gustatory
UBPROP_0000012: in ZFA and MA this is a subtype of sensory system. we should change sensory system to disambiguate parts and wholes
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Gustatory system
has db xref: nlx anat 090803
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/423940004
has db xref: AAO:0010577
has db xref: BILA:0000143
has db xref: EFO:0000830
has db xref: FMA:7194
has db xref: MA:0002446
has db xref: MAT:0000275
has db xref: MIAA:0000275
has db xref: TAO:0001101
has db xref: XAO:0003197
has db xref: ZFA:0001101
has exact synonym: gustatory organ system
has exact synonym: taste system
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001033
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage

obsolete photoreceptor
definition: Can refer to a light sensitive organ, a photoreceptor cell or a photoreceptor protein. This class was made obsolete because it was ambiguous
consider: CL:0000210
consider: FBbt:00005162
consider: FMA:85613
consider: GAID:778
has db xref: Photoreceptor
has db xref: BTO:0001060
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001034
type: Class
deprecated: true

dento-alveolar joint
definition: Fibrous joint in which the periodontal ligament connects a tooth to the alveolar bone of the maxilla or mandible. Examples: Dento-alveolar joint of incisor tooth.[FMA]
has broad synonym: socket
has db xref: Gomphosis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/50870008
has db xref: FMA:7495
has db xref: MA:0001499
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveAQeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has exact synonym: dento-alveolar syndesmosis
has exact synonym: gomphosis
has exact synonym: peg-and-socket joint
has exact synonym: syndesmosis dentoalveolaris
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001035
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002209
subclass of: UBERON_0002213
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0004103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: jaw skeleton
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: calcareous tooth

strand of hair
definition: A filament, mostly protein, that grows from follicles found in the dermis[WP].
editor note: TODO for now we treat vibrissa/whisker as a syonym, but these have different follicles. We could introduce subclasses (see also: Pangolin scales)
curator notes: this class defines an individual hair
has db xref: Hair
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0018494
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361702001
has db xref: BTO:0001501
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0430
has db xref: EFO:0000958
has db xref: EMAPA:18769
has db xref: EV:0100157
has db xref: FMA:53667
has db xref: GAID:71
has db xref: MA:0000155
has db xref: MAT:0000160
has db xref: MESH:A17.360
has db xref: MIAA:0000160
has db xref: UMLS:C0018494
has db xref: VHOG:0001191
has exact synonym: hair
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: coat hair
has related synonym: coat/ hair
has related synonym: fur
has related synonym: microchaeta
has related synonym: quill
has related synonym: setulae
has related synonym: vibrissa
has related synonym: whisker
id: UBERON:0001037
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: cutaneous appendage
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skin epidermis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002073
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011932

chordotonal organ
definition: Chordotonal organs are arthropod sensory structures consisting of special sensilla called the scolopidia, which are mechano-transducers and respond mainly to stretch or flexion. In insects, they consist of bundles of internal sensilla, each of which has a cap cell, an enveloping cell and one or more sense cells. The distal end of the organ is usually attached to the cuticle of the body wall, marked by a pit, a thickened disc or a nodule of chitin, and the base of the organ is connected with the hypodermis, often by a special ligament.
has db xref: Chordotonal organ
has db xref: EFO:0000940
has db xref: FBbt:00005215
has db xref: MAT:0000209
has db xref: MIAA:0000209
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ch
has related synonym: scolopophorous organ
id: UBERON:0001038
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: To be ceded to Arthropod anatomy ontology
subclass of: sense organ

yolk sac
definition: A sac-like expansion of the ventral wall of the intestine, narrowed into a yolk stalk near the body[Hyman's]. Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes[WP].
editor note: consider splitting class
UBPROP_0000001: One of the extraembryonic fetal membranes that balloons out from the fetal midgut. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: the extraembryonic tissue membrane, formed from the visceral endoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm, which is located ventral to the embryonic disc and is connected to the presumptive midgut of the embryo; the yolk that it contains is the site of embryonic hematopoiesis and vitelline circulation is involved in early embryonic circulation; it is the origin of the primordial germ cells
UBPROP_0000003: Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In therians, a structure homologous to the yolk sac is is present, but contains no yolk platelets. Instead it is filled with fluid [ISBN10:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong)]
has db xref: Yolk sac
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0043425
has db xref: Yolk Sac
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362845002
has db xref: BTO:0001471
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1130
has db xref: EFO:0003078
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002212
has db xref: EHDAA:164
has db xref: EMAPA:16085
has db xref: FMA:87180
has db xref: GAID:1301
has db xref: MESH:A16.254.403.981
has db xref: UMLS:C0043425
has db xref: VHOG:0000830
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: saccus vitellinus
has related synonym: vesicula umbilicalis
id: UBERON:0001040
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0005631
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: endoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004872

foregut
definition: Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract.
editor note: Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. In vertebrates the term may refer to a developmental structure
UBPROP_0000001: The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder.
UBPROP_0000003: The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Foregut
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0231051
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361409009
has db xref: AAO:0011042
has db xref: BILA:0000085
has db xref: BTO:0000507
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000557
has db xref: EHDAA:520
has db xref: EMAPA:16548
has db xref: FBbt:00005379
has db xref: FMA:45616
has db xref: MA:0001526
has db xref: TGMA:0001014
has db xref: UMLS:C0231051
has db xref: VHOG:0000285
has db xref: XAO:0000232
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: praeenteron
has related synonym: proenteron
id: UBERON:0001041
in subset: developmental classification
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004921

chordate pharynx
definition: A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED].
UBPROP_0000001: A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867].
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576].
UBPROP_0000001: The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme
has broad synonym: pharynx
has db xref: Pharynx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0031354
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181211006
has db xref: AAO:0000967
has db xref: BTO:0001049
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0785
has db xref: EFO:0000836
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001458
has db xref: EHDAA:2947
has db xref: EMAPA:16706
has db xref: EV:0100065
has db xref: FMA:46688
has db xref: GAID:155
has db xref: MA:0000432
has db xref: MESH:A03.867
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000056
has db xref: UMLS:C0031354
has db xref: VHOG:0000462
has db xref: XAO:0003227
has db xref: ZFA:0000056
has db xref: galen:Pharynx
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001042
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004185
subclass of: UBERON_0006562
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0009145
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory system

esophagus
definition: Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993).
UBPROP_0000001: Anterior end of the alimentary canal lined with smooth muscle. Bounded anteriorly by a constriction in the pharynx. Bounded posteriorly by and increase in circular and/or longitudinal smooth muscle associated with the stomach.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The few structural specializations in (adult lampreys) pharynx include complex valves on the external gill openings that direct the tidal flow, and the division of the ancestral pharynx into an oesophagus and a respiratory pharynx.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: esophageal
UBPROP_0000012: esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies: The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995)
has db xref: Esophagus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0014876
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181245004
has db xref: AAO:0000145
has db xref: ANISEED:1235301
has db xref: BTO:0000959
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0700
has db xref: EFO:0000835
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001285
has db xref: EHDAA:2937
has db xref: EMAPA:16833
has db xref: EV:0100069
has db xref: FMA:7131
has db xref: GAID:291
has db xref: MA:0000352
has db xref: MAT:0000048
has db xref: MESH:A03.365
has db xref: MIAA:0000048
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj9Q5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000204
has db xref: UMLS:C0014876
has db xref: VHOG:0000450
has db xref: XAO:0000127
has db xref: ZFA:0000204
has db xref: galen:Esophagus
has exact synonym: gullet
has exact synonym: oesophagus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001043
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: UBERON_0005178
subclass of: UBERON_0013765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: chordate pharynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002224
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: foregut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004908

saliva-secreting gland
definition: saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]
curator notes: currently we define saliva and salivary glands very generally in functional terms but it may be more appropriate to split this class. From WP: In most vertebrates, saliva does not contain any enzymes, consisting of mucus and water only, and its primary function is to moisten food while eating. As a result, true salivary glands are rarely found in fish or aquatic tetrapods, although there are often individual mucus-secreting cells. Amphibians have a single salivary gland, the intermaxillary gland, located in the forward part of the palate. Reptiles and birds normally have only very small glands on the lips, palate, and base of the mouth, although there are some birds with large glands, which produce a sticky saliva that helps in nest-building. The distinct parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are only developed in mammals.
UBPROP_0000001: A gland that produces the saliva. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-25, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: In air-feeding animals, the lack of water column to lubricate the food has been compensated for by the evolution of the salivary glands. These glands are present only in amniotes and are controlled by the parasympathetic system.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose. In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research. The salivary glands of some species are modified to produce enzymes; salivary amylase is found in many, but by no means all, bird and mammal species (including humans, as noted above). Furthermore, the venom glands of poisonous snakes, Gila monsters, and some shrews, are modified salivary glands
has db xref: Salivary gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036098
has db xref: Salivary Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181236000
has db xref: BTO:0001203
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0892
has db xref: EFO:0000859
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001775
has db xref: EHDAA:7987
has db xref: EMAPA:17751
has db xref: EV:0100059
has db xref: FBbt:00005382
has db xref: FMA:9597
has db xref: GAID:937
has db xref: MA:0000346
has db xref: MAT:0000079
has db xref: MESH:A10.336.779
has db xref: MIAA:0000079
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0036098
has db xref: VHOG:0000376
has db xref: galen:SalivaryGland
has exact synonym: salivary gland
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glandulae salivariae
id: UBERON:0001044
in subset: efo slim
in subset: functional classification
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010047
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: digestive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: saliva
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: oral cavity
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002530
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: produces
    some values from: saliva

midgut
definition: Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO].
editor note: Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class
UBPROP_0000003: The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA this class has no children.
has db xref: Midgut
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0231052
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361410004
has db xref: BILA:0000086
has db xref: BTO:0000863
has db xref: EFO:0001950
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001185
has db xref: EHDAA:983
has db xref: EMAPA:16255
has db xref: FBbt:00005383
has db xref: FMA:45617
has db xref: MA:0001564
has db xref: TGMA:0001036
has db xref: UMLS:C0231052
has db xref: VHOG:0000290
has db xref: XAO:0000103
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mesenteron
id: UBERON:0001045
in subset: developmental classification
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: foregut

hindgut
definition: The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract.
editor note: Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future (vertebrates have some contribution from NC - UBERONREF:0000002). We may explicitly make this a developmental class
UBPROP_0000001: the caudal portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo
UBPROP_0000003: The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA this class has no children.
has db xref: Hindgut
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0231053
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362856002
has db xref: AAO:0011052
has db xref: BILA:0000087
has db xref: BTO:0000510
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000779
has db xref: EHDAA:975
has db xref: EMAPA:16715
has db xref: FBbt:00005384
has db xref: FMA:45618
has db xref: MA:0001527
has db xref: TGMA:0001020
has db xref: UMLS:C0231053
has db xref: VHOG:0000459
has db xref: XAO:0000104
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: metenteron
id: UBERON:0001046
in subset: developmental classification
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003104
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: midgut

neural glomerulus
definition: Large synaptic bouton found in areas like olfactory bulb, cerebellar cortex and thalamus, that contacts many post-synaptic targets[NIF].
has alternative id: UBERON:FBbt_00005386
has broad synonym: glomerulus
has db xref: FBbt:00005386
has db xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao587858733
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001047
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: isa or partof neuropil? TODO. Add to GO-CC?
subclass of: UBERON_0002606

primordium
definition: Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)].
has db xref: Primordium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0678727
has db xref: AEO:0000171
has db xref: BTO:0001886
has db xref: EFO:0001652
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003171
has db xref: FBbt:00005495
has db xref: FMA:86589
has db xref: MAT:0000482
has db xref: UMLS:C0678727
has db xref: XAO:0003043
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bud
has related synonym: future organ
has related synonym: placode
has related synonym: primordia
has related synonym: rudiment
id: UBERON:0001048
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005423
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: multicellular organism

neural tube
definition: In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000011: The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Neural tube
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0231024
has db xref: Neural Tube
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362852000
has db xref: AAO:0010617
has db xref: BTO:0001057
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2371
has db xref: DHBA:10154
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001254
has db xref: EHDAA:2869
has db xref: EHDAA:908
has db xref: EMAPA:16164
has db xref: EMAPA:16530
has db xref: EMAPA:16757
has db xref: MAT:0000069
has db xref: MIAA:0000069
has db xref: TAO:0001135
has db xref: UMLS:C0231024
has db xref: VHOG:0000307
has db xref: XAO:0003204
has db xref: ZFA:0001135
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: neural primordium
has related synonym: presumptive central nervous system
has related synonym: tubus neuralis
id: UBERON:0001049
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003914
subclass of: UBERON_0005291
subclass of: UBERON_0007497
subclass of: UBERON_0010371
subclass of: UBERON_0016879
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005068

obsolete atrium
definition: Anatomical chamber. Examples: right atrium of heart, atrium of middle nasal meatus, atrium of tympanic cavity, atrium of alveolus.
consider: FMA:85574
consider: UBERON:0002081
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001050
type: Class
comment: obsoleted because 'atrium' as a general grouping class that encompasses the cardiac atrium and atrium of alveolus atrium is of questionable value. Furthermore, the use of the term 'atrium' in the generic sense is misleading, as this is commonly used to refer specifically to the cardiac atrium
deprecated: true

hypopharynx
definition: Bottom part of the pharynx that connects to the esophagus.
UBPROP_0000001: The inferior portion of the pharynx, between the epiglottis and the larynx. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: hypopharyngeal
has db xref: Hypopharynx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0020629
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281490009
has db xref: BTO:0001740
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2020
has db xref: EFO:0001388
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004574
has db xref: EV:0100068
has db xref: FMA:54880
has db xref: GAID:338
has db xref: MA:0001796
has db xref: MESH:A03.867.490
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvq5O0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0020629
has db xref: VHOG:0000445
has exact synonym: laryngeal pharynx
has exact synonym: laryngopharynx
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pars laryngea pharyngis
id: UBERON:0001051
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: chordate pharynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: UBERON_0013472
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: chordate pharynx

rectum
definition: the terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus
UBPROP_0000001: The terminal portion of the large intestine between the ileo-pelvic colon and the anus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: rectal
UBPROP_0000008: In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html
has db xref: Rectum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0034896
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181261002
has db xref: AAO:0010401
has db xref: BTO:0001158
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1180
has db xref: EFO:0000848
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001592
has db xref: EHDAA:5836
has db xref: EMAPA:17896
has db xref: EV:0100081
has db xref: FMA:14544
has db xref: GAID:311
has db xref: MA:0000336
has db xref: MAT:0000050
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.767
has db xref: MIAA:0000050
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0034896
has db xref: VHOG:0001751
has db xref: XAO:0000238
has db xref: galen:Rectum
has exact synonym: terminal portion of intestine
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intestinum rectum
has related synonym: rectal sac
has related synonym: terminal portion of large intestine
id: UBERON:0001052
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006866
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: sigmoid colon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012361
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: distalmost_part_of
  some values from: large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: large intestine

arthropod neurohemal organ
definition: A system of neurons that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an endocrine organ or system.
UBPROP_0000012: currently intended for invert structure; alt definitions include: organs in which intimate relationships between axons and terminal blood vessels are established
has db xref: BTO:0002106
has db xref: EFO:0000864
has db xref: FBbt:00005757
has db xref: MAT:0000212
has db xref: MIAA:0000212
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: neurohaemal organ
id: UBERON:0001053
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
comment: brain areas from which substances enter blood for example, the neurohypophysis from which oxytocin and vasopressin enter blood.
subclass of: UBERON_0010133
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system

Malpighian tubule
definition: A tubule that extends from the posterior part of the digestive tract which absorbs solutes, water, and wastes from the surrounding hemolymph. Each tubule consists of a single layer of cells that is closed off at the distal end with the proximal end joining the alimentary canal at the junction between the midgut and hindgut[WP,modified].
editor note: this will be ceded to the Arthropod Anatomy Ontology
UBPROP_0000008: It is unclear as to whether the Malpighian tubules of arachnids and those of the Uniramia are homologous or the result of convergent evolution.[Wikipedia:Malpighian_tubule_system]
has db xref: Malpighian tubule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/41055008
has db xref: BTO:0000810
has db xref: EFO:0000243
has db xref: FBbt:00005786
has db xref: GAID:1228
has db xref: MAT:0000123
has db xref: MESH:A13.574
has db xref: MIAA:0000123
has db xref: TADS:0000163
has db xref: TGMA:0001038
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Malphigian tube
has related synonym: tuba Malpighii
id: UBERON:0001054
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009773

obsolete ureter
consider: UBERON:0000056
consider: UBERON:0000057
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001055
type: Class
deprecated: true

corpus cardiacum
definition: One of a pair of neurohemal organs located on the walls of the aorta just behind the brain. The corpora cardiaca release their store of PTTH only after they receive a signal from neurosecretory cells in the brain.
has db xref: BTO:0000432
has db xref: EFO:0000380
has db xref: FBbt:00005799
has db xref: MAT:0000211
has db xref: MIAA:0000211
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: corpora cardiaca
id: UBERON:0001056
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
comment: will be ceded to arthropod anatomy ontology
subclass of: arthropod neurohemal organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012325

corpus allatum
definition: One of a pair of separate or fused bodies in many insects that are sometimes closely associated with the corpora cardiaca and that secrete hormones (as juvenile hormone)[BTO].
UBPROP_0000008: In Lepidoptera species, the corpus allatum acts as a release site for prothoracicotropic hormone which is generated by the brain
UBPROP_0000008: In many Diptera species, the corpus allatum is fused with the corpus cardiacum, forming Weismann's ring
has db xref: BTO:0000291
has db xref: EFO:0000379
has db xref: FBbt:00005800
has db xref: MAT:0000210
has db xref: MESH:A08.713.100
has db xref: MIAA:0000210
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: corpora allata
id: UBERON:0001057
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: will be ceded to arthropod anatomy ontology
subclass of: UBERON_0002368
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012325

mushroom body
definition: Prominent lobed neuropils found in annelids and all arthropods except crustaceans. They are thought to be involved in olfactory associative learning and memory[MESH] Mushroom body neuropils are divided into calyces, pedunculus, and its subsequent lobes. In Drosophila these are the alpha, beta, and gamma lobes.
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 6340
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 6656
UBPROP_0000008: Also in annelids. 'Comparison to the vertebrate pallium reveals that the annelid mushroom bodies develop from similar molecular coordinates within a conserved overall molecular brain topology and that their development involves conserved patterning mechanisms and produces conserved neuron types that existed already in the proto- stome-deuterostome ancestors. These data indicate deep homology of pallium and mushroom bodies and date back the origin of higher brain centers to prebilaterian times'
has db xref: Mushroom body
has db xref: BTO:0002675
has db xref: EFO:0000925
has db xref: FBbt:00005801
has db xref: GAID:1231
has db xref: MAT:0000336
has db xref: MESH:A13.641
has db xref: MIAA:0000336
has exact synonym: mushroom bodies
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: corpora pedunculata
has related synonym: corps pédonculés@fr
id: UBERON:0001058
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical group
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: brain

pars intercerebralis
definition: A neurosecretory center of the insect brain, located along the anterior midline[wiktionary]. A medial cleft or depression dividing the left and right protocerebrum and containing numerous large and small somata of neurosecretory and neuromodulatory neurons[FBbt].
has db xref: EFO:0000926
has db xref: FBbt:00005802
has db xref: MAT:0000337
has db xref: MIAA:0000337
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001059
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: will be ceded to arthropod anatomy ontology
subclass of: UBERON_0011215
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: brain

anatomical entity
definition: Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1515976
has db xref: Anatomic Structure System or Substance
has db xref: birnlex 6
has db xref: AAO:0010841
has db xref: AEO:0000000
has db xref: BILA:0000000
has db xref: CARO:0000000
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002229
has db xref: FBbt:10000000
has db xref: FBbt_root:00000000
has db xref: FMA:62955
has db xref: HAO:0000000
has db xref: MA:0000001
has db xref: TAO:0100000
has db xref: TGMA:0001822
has db xref: UMLS:C1515976
has db xref: XAO:0000000
has db xref: ZFA:0100000
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001062
in subset: upper level
type: Class

flocculus
definition: the small lobe of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the middle cerebellar peduncle anterior to the biventer lobule that receives input from the inferior and medial vestibular nuclei and sends fibers back to the vestibular nuclei, and processes and integrates these signals to allow for the constant maintenance of balance
UBPROP_0000008: enlarged in pterosaurs
UBPROP_0000009: At its base, the flocculus receives input from the middle ears vestibular system and regulates balance. Many floccular projections descend to the spinal cord and connect to the motor nuclei involved in control of eye movement.
UBPROP_0000012: flocculus is an exact label for two distinct classes in NIF.
has alternative id: UBERON:Flocculus-MA_0000992
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Flocculus (cerebellar)
has db xref: birnlex 1329
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279368002
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/30711003
has db xref: BAMS:FL
has db xref: BAMS:Fl
has db xref: DMBA:16946
has db xref: EMAPA:35346
has db xref: FMA:83881
has db xref: HBA:12945
has db xref: MA:0000992
has db xref: MBA:1049
has exact synonym: flocculus of cerebellum
has exact synonym: neuraxis flocculus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: H X
has related synonym: hemispheric lobule X
has related synonym: lobule X
id: UBERON:0001063
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0022569
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002245
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003012
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002245
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002129

ventral pancreatic duct
definition: A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla.
editor note: in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium, in FMA the wall consists of epithelium and connective tissue
UBPROP_0000003: These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000011: Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct.
has alternative id: UBERON:0005627
has broad synonym: pancreatic duct
has db xref: Pancreatic duct
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030288
has db xref: Pancreatic Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245385001
has db xref: BTO:0002362
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001396
has db xref: EHDAA:6905
has db xref: EMAPA:17510
has db xref: FMA:16003
has db xref: GAID:337
has db xref: MA:0000126
has db xref: MESH:A03.734.667
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002177
has db xref: UMLS:C0030288
has db xref: VHOG:0000256
has exact synonym: chief pancreatic duct
has exact synonym: duct of Wirsung
has exact synonym: main pancreatic duct
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: canal of Wirsung
has related synonym: ductus pancreatis ventralis
has related synonym: hepaticopancreatic duct
id: UBERON:0001064
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002394
subclass of: UBERON_0007329
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: exocrine pancreas
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003924
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: common bile duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: UBERON_0001970
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: UBERON_0004913

parotid duct
definition: The duct portion of the parotid gland.
has db xref: Parotid duct
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227458
has db xref: Parotid Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362175009
has db xref: BTO:0004554
has db xref: FMA:10420
has db xref: MA:0002697
has db xref: UMLS:C0227458
has exact synonym: Stensen's duct
has exact synonym: Stensens's duct
has exact synonym: duct of parotid
has exact synonym: duct of parotid gland
has exact synonym: parotid gland duct
has exact synonym: stenon duct
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus parotideus
has related synonym: ductus stenonianus
has related synonym: stenonianus
id: UBERON:0001065
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: It passes through the buccal fat, buccopharyngeal fascia, and buccinator muscle then opens into the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper second molar tooth. The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents inflation of the duct during blowing. Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery and upper buccal nerve; running along with the duct inferiorly is the lower buccal nerve[Wikipedia:Parotid_duct]
subclass of: duct of salivary gland
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: parotid gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: parotid gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: parotid gland
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: duct
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: parotid gland

intervertebral disk
definition: A pad of fibrocartilage between the articular surfaces of two successive vertebral centra which has nucleus pulposus at its core.
UBPROP_0000008: strictly speaking the term intervertebral disk [applies to intervertebral cartilage]
has db xref: Intervertebral disk
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0021815
has db xref: Intervertebral Disc
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244570000
has db xref: BTO:0003625
has db xref: EFO:0001370
has db xref: EMAPA:32739
has db xref: FMA:10446
has db xref: GAID:105
has db xref: MA:0000110
has db xref: MESH:A02.165.410
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv11AcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0021815
has exact synonym: discus intervertebralis
has exact synonym: intervertebral disc
has exact synonym: spinal disc
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intervertebral fibrocartilage
has related synonym: spinal disk
id: UBERON:0001066
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: whose gel-like core is nucleus puloposus, by this definition only in mammals
subclass of: UBERON_0011135
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002242
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0011135
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: UBERON_0002242

vertebral arch joint
definition: A synovial joint between the prezygapophysis of one vertebra and the postzygapophysis of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment[WP].
has db xref: Zygapophysial joint
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224521
has db xref: Facet Joint
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/89836005
has db xref: FMA:10447
has db xref: GAID:275
has db xref: MA:0001513
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.979
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvorHEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0224521
has exact synonym: facet joint
has exact synonym: joint of vertebral arch
has exact synonym: joint of vertebral articular process
has exact synonym: spinal facet joint
has exact synonym: zygapophyseal joint
has exact synonym: zygapophysial joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: articulationes zygapophysiales
id: UBERON:0001067
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002217
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: postzygapophysis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: prezygapophysis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003861
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002217
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: prezygapophysis
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: postzygapophysis

skin of back
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181492002
has db xref: FMA:10462
has db xref: FMA:22985
has db xref: MA:0000498
has exact synonym: back skin
has exact synonym: back zone of skin
has exact synonym: skin, dorsal region
has exact synonym: zone of skin of back
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001068
type: Class
subclass of: skin of trunk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: dorsum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011270
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: dorsum

head of pancreas
definition: The head of pancreas is a portion of the pancreas that is lodged within the curve of the duodenum, and is flattened anteriorly (from before). The other parts of the pancreas are the body and the tail. Its upper border is overlapped by the superior part of the duodenum and its lower overlaps the horizontal part; its right and left borders overlap in front, and insinuate themselves behind, the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum respectively. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000003: Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Head of pancreas
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227579
has db xref: Head of the Pancreas
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362201006
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001374
has db xref: EMAPA:17507
has db xref: FMA:10468
has db xref: MA:0000122
has db xref: UMLS:C0227579
has db xref: VHOG:0000448
has exact synonym: pancreas head
has exact synonym: pancreatic head
has exact synonym: right extremity of pancreas
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: caput pancreatis
id: UBERON:0001069
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003924
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pancreas

external carotid artery
definition: A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]
UBPROP_0000008: not homologous to the external carotid of zebrafish (Goodrich, 1958) - http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html; check XAO
has db xref: External carotid artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007275
has db xref: External Carotid Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362044002
has db xref: AAO:0010218
has db xref: AAO:0010416
has db xref: BTO:0004696
has db xref: EFO:0001953
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000461
has db xref: EMAPA:18611
has db xref: FMA:10635
has db xref: GAID:480
has db xref: MA:0001929
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.186.200.210
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwVJkPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0007275
has db xref: VHOG:0000265
has db xref: XAO:0000345
has exact synonym: external carotid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria carotis externa
id: UBERON:0001070
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0005396
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: common carotid artery plus branches
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: common carotid artery plus branches
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: common carotid artery plus branches
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004363

superficial cervical artery
definition: It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. .
has db xref: Superficial part of transverse cervical artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226271
has db xref: Superficial Cervical Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/161746006
has db xref: FMA:10665
has db xref: MA:0002052
has db xref: UMLS:C0226271
has exact synonym: superficial branch of transverse cervical artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001071
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: The transverse cervical artery splits into two branches, a superficial one and a deep one[WP]
subclass of: UBERON_0012320
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: neck

posterior vena cava
definition: A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart.
UBPROP_0000001: Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium[FMA].
UBPROP_0000003: Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Inferior vena cava
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042458
has db xref: Inferior Vena Cava
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181369003
has db xref: AAO:0011083
has db xref: BTO:0002682
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000611
has db xref: EMAPA:18416
has db xref: FMA:10951
has db xref: GAID:548
has db xref: MA:0000480
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908.949.648
has db xref: UMLS:C0042458
has db xref: VHOG:0001194
has db xref: XAO:0000388
has db xref: galen:InferiorVenaCava
has exact synonym: inferior caval vein
has exact synonym: inferior vena cava
has exact synonym: posterior vena cava
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: caudal vena cava
has related synonym: postcava
has related synonym: vena cava inferior
id: UBERON:0001072
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004087
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: posterior region of body
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004087
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: posterior region of body

ileocecal junction
definition: A point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine; occurs usually within the iliac fossa, demarcated internally as the ileocecal orifice
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264021000
has db xref: FMA:11338
has db xref: MA:0000332
has exact synonym: ileocaecal junction
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001073
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007651
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: large intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007651
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: large intestine
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: UBERON_0002108

pericardial cavity
definition: Cavity of serous sac surrounded by serous pericardium.[FMA]
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 7718
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical space in which the heart is located and is surrounded by the pericardium.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Pericardial cavity
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225972
has db xref: Pericardial Cavity
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362027001
has db xref: BSA:0000091
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001434
has db xref: EMAPA:16131
has db xref: EMAPA:16132
has db xref: FMA:11350
has db xref: MA:0000053
has db xref: TAO:0002220
has db xref: UMLS:C0225972
has db xref: VHOG:0000556
has db xref: ZFA:0001655
has db xref: galen:PericardialSpace
has exact synonym: cavity of pericardial sac
has exact synonym: pericardial space
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cavitas pericardiaca
id: UBERON:0001074
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002323
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: UBERON_0002357
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002406
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003887
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002323
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002406
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: surrounded_by
    some values from: UBERON_0002357

bony vertebral centrum
definition: A vertebral centrum element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue.
UBPROP_0000001: Centra are represented by mineralized, calcified, or ossified portions that surround the notochord. The autocentrum, present in Danio and all other living teleosts, is formed by direct ossification outside the elastica externa of the notochord (Arratia, 1999).[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Cylindrical body of bone, round or oval in cross section, which functionally replaces the notochord.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The body is the largest part of a vertebra, and is more or less cylindrical in shape. Its upper and lower surfaces are flattened and rough, and give attachment to the intervertebral fibrocartilages, and each presents a rim around its circumference. In front, the body is convex from side to side and concave from above downward. Behind, it is flat from above downward and slightly concave from side to side. Its anterior surface presents a few small apertures, for the passage of nutrient vessels. On the posterior surface is a single large, irregular aperture, or occasionally more than one, for the exit of the basi-vertebral veins from the body of the vertebra. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra].
UBPROP_0000005: The vertebral centrum may be cartilaginous, develop as cartilage but be replaced by bone or mineralized, or form directly through intramembranous ossification.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000012: VSAO definition states it surrounds notochord but not applicable to post-natal.
has db xref: Body of vertebra
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0223084
has db xref: Vertebral Body
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361745008
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362867001
has db xref: AAO:0000697
has db xref: FMA:11945
has db xref: MA:0001457
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXU4VpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000126
has db xref: UMLS:C0223084
has db xref: ZFA:0000126
has exact synonym: body of vertebra
has exact synonym: corpus vertebra
has exact synonym: corpus vertebrae (vertebrale)
has exact synonym: vertebral body
has narrow synonym: arcocentrum
has narrow synonym: autocentrum
has narrow synonym: holocentrum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: centra
has related synonym: corpus vertebrae
has related synonym: vertebral centra
has related synonym: vertebral centrum
id: UBERON:0001075
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0016491
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002412
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0016491
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

neural spine
definition: The spinous process of a vertebra is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae (in humans), and serves for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. In animals without an erect stance, the process points upward and may slant forward or backward. Spinous processes are exaggerated in some animals, such as the extinct Dimetrodon and Spinosaurus, where they form a sail- or finback.
UBPROP_0000001: Elaboration of the mid-dorsal keel into a posterior or posterolateral process.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Neural spines are extensions of neural arches dorsal to the neural canal in the median skeletogenous septum. Neural spines are typically unpaired median structures but can be paired in some instances, e.g., in the abdominal region of basal teleosts such as Leptolepis, Elops, Megalops, and Hiodon).[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Small, posteriorly directed process at the posterior margin of each neural arch lamina; it is not a neural spine.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: part_of mid-dorsal keel (AAO:0000735)[AAO]
has broad synonym: spinous process
has db xref: Spinous process
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264259004
has db xref: AAO:0000705
has db xref: EMAPA:25107
has db xref: FMA:11948
has db xref: MA:0001455
has db xref: TAO:0001336
has db xref: ZFA:0001336
has exact synonym: neuracanthe@fr
has exact synonym: processus spinosus
has exact synonym: processus spinosus vertebrae
has exact synonym: spinous process of vertebra
has exact synonym: vertebra spinous process
has exact synonym: épine neurale@fr
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: neural spine
id: UBERON:0001076
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006061
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003861

transverse process of vertebra
definition: The transverse or costal processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: Projections on each side of the vertebra from the point where the neural arch lamina joins the pedicel for the articulation with the head of a single-headed rib or the upper head of a double-headed rib. Also called diapophyses. They provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles. In anurans, the term transverse process is used in reference to the processes associated with the presacral and postsacral vertebrae.
has db xref: Transverse process
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264238006
has db xref: AAO:0000698
has db xref: FMA:11949
has db xref: MA:0001456
has db xref: XAO:0003102
has exact synonym: processus transversus
has exact synonym: processus transversus vertebrae
has exact synonym: transverse process
has exact synonym: vertebra transverse process
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: diapophyses
has related synonym: diapophysis
id: UBERON:0001077
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006061

pedicle of vertebra
definition: the two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the body to the laminae
has broad synonym: pedicle
has db xref: Pedicle of vertebral arch
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0223080
has db xref: Pedicle of Vertebral Arch
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/277422007
has db xref: FMA:11950
has db xref: MA:0001458
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYdjdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0223080
has exact synonym: pedicle of vertebral arch
has exact synonym: pediculus arcus vertebrae
has exact synonym: vertebra pedicle
has exact synonym: vertebral pedicle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pediculus arcus vertebrae
has related synonym: radix arcus vertebrae
id: UBERON:0001078
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006061

prezygapophysis
definition: Paired processes at the cephalic end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the prezygapophyses face dorsomedially and articulate with the lateroventrally facing facets of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra.
editor note: TODO - add distinct classes for hemal vs neural?
UBPROP_0000001: Paired, anteromedially directed processes from the neural arches, ligamentously joined to the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra.[TAO]
has db xref: figure20.shtml
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/42424006
has db xref: AAO:0000703
has db xref: FMA:11953
has db xref: MA:0001452
has db xref: TAO:0001325
has db xref: ZFA:0001325
has exact synonym: cranial articular process of vertebra
has exact synonym: prezygapophysis
has exact synonym: processus articularis superior
has exact synonym: superior articular process of vertebra
has exact synonym: vertebra cranial articular process
has narrow synonym: neural prezygapophysis
has narrow synonym: neural prezygopophyses
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: neural prezygapophyses
id: UBERON:0001079
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006062

postzygapophysis
definition: Paired processes at the caudal end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the postzygapophyses face lateroventrally and articulate with the dorsomedially facing facets of the prezygapophyses of the succeeding vertebra.
UBPROP_0000001: Paired, dorsomedially directed processes on the posterior ends of the centra, ligamentously joined to the neural prezygapophyses of the immediately posterior vertebra.[TAO]
has alternative id: UBERON:4300122
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/30079000
has db xref: AAO:0000702
has db xref: EMAPA:35918
has db xref: FMA:11954
has db xref: MA:0001451
has db xref: TAO:0000681
has db xref: ZFA:0000681
has exact synonym: caudal articular process of vertebra
has exact synonym: inferior articular process of vertebra
has exact synonym: postzygapophysis
has exact synonym: processus articularis inferior
has exact synonym: vertebra caudal articular process
has narrow synonym: neural postzygapophysis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: neural postzygapophyses
has related synonym: neural postzygopophyses
has related synonym: processus obliquus posterior
id: UBERON:0001080
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Posteriorly projecting processes allowing de facto contact between consecutive vertebrae (some soft tissues are also present) via articular facets. [PHENOSCAPE:NI]
subclass of: UBERON_0006062

endocardium of ventricle
definition: Endocardium that is part of the cardiac ventricle.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/192172004
has db xref: EMAPA:32747
has db xref: FMA:12148
has db xref: MA:0000079
has db xref: TAO:0002247
has db xref: VHOG:0000607
has db xref: ZFA:0001615
has exact synonym: cardiac ventricle endocardium
has exact synonym: endocardium of cardiac ventricle
has exact synonym: endocardium of heart ventricle
has exact synonym: endocardium of lower chamber of heart
has exact synonym: endocardium of ventricle of heart
has exact synonym: heart ventricle endocardium
has exact synonym: lower chamber of heart endocardium
has exact synonym: ventricle endocardium
has exact synonym: ventricle of heart endocardium
has exact synonym: ventricular endocardium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ventricle endocardial tissue
id: UBERON:0001081
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: simple squamous epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0002165
subclass of: UBERON_0012275
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004784
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002082
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002082
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002165
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002082

epicardium of ventricle
definition: An epicardial layer that lines a cardiac ventricle
UBPROP_0000001: The external layer of the ventricle bounding the ventricular myocardium. It is formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basal lamina, and imbricated with collagen, fibroblasts, and vascular structures in the subepicardial space. Hu et al. 2001.[TAO]
has db xref: FMA:12150
has db xref: TAO:0005058
has db xref: ZFA:0005058
has exact synonym: cardiac ventricle epicardium
has exact synonym: ventricular epicardium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001082
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002348
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002082
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002348
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002082

myocardium of ventricle
definition: Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer.
UBPROP_0000001: Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer Hu et al. 2001.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[uncertain][VHOG]
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/192084000
has db xref: EFO:0003088
has db xref: EMAPA:32748
has db xref: FMA:12151
has db xref: MA:0000082
has db xref: TAO:0005061
has db xref: VHOG:0000604
has db xref: ZFA:0005061
has exact synonym: ventricle myocardium
has exact synonym: ventricular myocardium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ventricle cardiac muscle
id: UBERON:0001083
in subset: efo slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002349
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002082
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004784
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002082
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002349
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002082

skin of head
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0205029
has db xref: Head Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181484006
has db xref: FMA:12166
has db xref: FMA:24756
has db xref: MA:0000582
has db xref: UMLS:C0205029
has exact synonym: adult head zone of skin
has exact synonym: head skin
has exact synonym: head zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of adult head
has exact synonym: zone of skin of head
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001084
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0012180
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: head

skin of trunk
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0205031
has db xref: Skin of the Trunk
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181489001
has db xref: FMA:12167
has db xref: FMA:23093
has db xref: MA:0000517
has db xref: UMLS:C0205031
has exact synonym: torso zone of skin
has exact synonym: trunk skin
has exact synonym: trunk zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of torso
has exact synonym: zone of skin of trunk
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001085
type: Class
subclass of: zone of skin
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002100
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002100

obsolete articular cartilage
consider: UBERON:0010996
consider: UBERON:0011002
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001086
type: Class
comment: obsoleted as it conflated two distinct classes
deprecated: true

pleural fluid
definition: Transudate contained in the pleural cavity.[FMA]
has db xref: Pleural fluid
has db xref: Pleural Fluid
has db xref: BTO:0003080
has db xref: FMA:12273
has db xref: MA:0002532
has db xref: MAT:0000500
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001087
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007794
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002402
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organism substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: located_in
    some values from: UBERON_0002402

urine
definition: Excretion that is the output of a kidney
UBPROP_0000008: kidney excreta from some taxa (e.g. in aves) may not be liquid
has db xref: Urine
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042036
has db xref: BTO:0001419
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1092
has db xref: EFO:0001939
has db xref: ENVO:00002047
has db xref: FMA:12274
has db xref: GAID:1189
has db xref: MA:0002545
has db xref: MAT:0000058
has db xref: MESH:A12.207.927
has db xref: MIAA:0000058
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0042036
has db xref: galen:Urine
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001088
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: excreta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produced_by
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: excreta
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: produced_by
    some values from: UBERON_0002113

sweat
definition: Secretion produced by a sweat gland.[FMA]
has db xref: Sweat
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038984
has db xref: BTO:0001254
has db xref: ENVO:02000025
has db xref: FMA:12275
has db xref: GAID:1172
has db xref: MA:0002539
has db xref: MESH:A12.200.849
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0038984
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: skin exudate
id: UBERON:0001089
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: bodily secretion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produced_by
  some values from: sweat gland
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bodily secretion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: produced_by
    some values from: sweat gland

synovial fluid
definition: Transudate contained in the synovial cavity of joints, and in the cavity of tendon sheaths and bursae.[FMA]
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO]
has db xref: Synovial fluid
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039097
has db xref: Synovial Fluid
has db xref: BTO:0001339
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0996
has db xref: ENVO:02000039
has db xref: FMA:12277
has db xref: GAID:265
has db xref: MA:0002544
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.443.800.800
has db xref: TAO:0005154
has db xref: UMLS:C0039097
has db xref: ZFA:0005154
has db xref: galen:SynovialFluid
has exact synonym: joint fluid
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001090
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007794
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0007617
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organism substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: located_in
    some values from: UBERON_0007617

calcareous tooth
definition: Organ with a cavity which consist of dentine surrounded by enamel. Examples: incisor, molar.
editor note: we place ZFA ctb 5 tooth here for now. Consider changing name from calcaeous tooth. Note that sea cucumbers develop calcareous tooth-like structures
UBPROP_0000003: The ancestor of recent vertebrate teeth was a tooth-like structure on the outer body surface of jawless fishes.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: dental
UBPROP_0000008: absent in living platypus, present in toothed Miocene platypus Obduron dicksoni
has db xref: Tooth
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0040426
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302214001
has db xref: AEO:0000220
has db xref: BTO:0000397
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1055
has db xref: EFO:0000839
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004605
has db xref: EMAPA:32906
has db xref: EV:0100063
has db xref: FMA:12516
has db xref: GAID:1260
has db xref: MA:0000348
has db xref: MAT:0000041
has db xref: MESH:A14.254.860
has db xref: MIAA:0000041
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjUEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001625
has db xref: UMLS:C0040426
has db xref: VHOG:0001733
has db xref: XAO:0000431
has db xref: ZFA:0000694
has exact synonym: dentine containing tooth
has exact synonym: tooth
has exact synonym: vertebrate tooth
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001091
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003913
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005087
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005176
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: stomodeum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: dentine

vertebral bone 1
definition: The first vertebral bone in the vertebral column.
UBPROP_0000001: First postcranial vertebra, which is modified anteriorly to articulate with the skull.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to the neurocranium.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000107: 1
has broad synonym: C1
has db xref: Atlas (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0004170
has db xref: C1 Vertebra
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181818007
has db xref: AAO:0000709
has db xref: EHDAA:10606
has db xref: EMAPA:19431
has db xref: FMA:12519
has db xref: GAID:236
has db xref: MA:0001421
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.151.213
has db xref: TAO:0001167
has db xref: UMLS:C0004170
has db xref: ZFA:0001167b
has exact synonym: C1 vertebra
has exact synonym: atlas
has exact synonym: atlas (CI)
has exact synonym: atlas vertebra
has exact synonym: cervical atlas
has exact synonym: cervical vertebra 1
has exact synonym: first cervical vertebra
has exact synonym: vertebra 1
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001092
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002412
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: anterior_to
  some values from: vertebral bone 2

vertebral bone 2
definition: The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column.
UBPROP_0000001: Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 1.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000013: not the same as ZFA term 'axis'
UBPROP_0000107: 2
has db xref: Axis (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0004457
has db xref: C2 Vertebra
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181819004
has db xref: EHDAA:10608
has db xref: EMAPA:19432
has db xref: FMA:12520
has db xref: GAID:237
has db xref: MA:0001422
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.151.383
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-zaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001168
has db xref: UMLS:C0004457
has db xref: ZFA:0001168
has exact synonym: axis (CII)
has exact synonym: axis vertebra
has exact synonym: cervical axis
has exact synonym: vertebra 2
has narrow synonym: C2 vertebra
has narrow synonym: cervical vertebra 2
has narrow synonym: second cervical vertebra
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: C2
has related synonym: axis
id: UBERON:0001093
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002412
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: anteriorly connected to
  some values from: vertebral bone 1

sacral vertebra
definition: A vertebra bone that is part of the sacral region of the vertebral column.
editor note: todo - AAO placement to be confirmed by AAO curators (the AAO class may also include modified ribs)
UBPROP_0000001: Enlarged vertebra with transverse processes (diapophyses), and ocassionally ribs, that are modified and elaborated for support of the pelvic girdle.[AAO]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1261045
has db xref: Sacral Vertebra
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361773005
has db xref: AAO:0000552
has db xref: EMAPA:18336
has db xref: FMA:12526
has db xref: MA:0000313
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-ZsXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C1261045
has db xref: XAO:0003078
has db xref: galen:SacralVertebra
has exact synonym: sacral segment
has exact synonym: segment of sacrum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001094
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002412
subclass of: UBERON_0003828
subclass of: UBERON_0004247
subclass of: UBERON_0015010
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010745
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015010
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

caudal vertebra
definition: Any vertebral bone that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx).
UBPROP_0000001: Vertebrae bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000012: we deliberately merge the MA classes as we believe them equivalent
has alternative id: UBERON:0006070
has broad synonym: caudal vertebra
has db xref: Caudal vertebra
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0223616
has db xref: Coccygeal Vertebra
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361774004
has db xref: EMAPA:18374
has db xref: FMA:12527
has db xref: MA:0000310
has db xref: MA:0001420
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9IEzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000326
has db xref: UMLS:C0223616
has db xref: XAO:0003079
has db xref: ZFA:0000326
has db xref: galen:CoccygealVertebra
has exact synonym: caudal vertebrae
has exact synonym: caudal vertebral bone
has exact synonym: caudal vertebral bone element
has exact synonym: coccygeal segment
has exact synonym: coccygeal vertebra
has exact synonym: fused tail vertebra
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: coccygea
has related synonym: tail vertebra
id: UBERON:0001095
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Taxon notes In zebrafish, Vertebra bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae
subclass of: UBERON_0002412
subclass of: UBERON_0004247
subclass of: UBERON_0018142
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0018142
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

wall of esophagus
definition: An anatomical wall that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: EMAPA:35326
has db xref: FMA:12611
has db xref: MA:0002691
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of esophagus
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of gullet
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of oesophagus
has exact synonym: esophageal wall
has exact synonym: esophagus anatomical wall
has exact synonym: esophagus wall
has exact synonym: gullet anatomical wall
has exact synonym: gullet wall
has exact synonym: oesophagus anatomical wall
has exact synonym: oesophagus wall
has exact synonym: wall of gullet
has exact synonym: wall of oesophagus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001096
type: Class
subclass of: gut wall
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: esophagus
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical wall
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: esophagus

axillary lymph node
definition: the lymph nodes located around the axillary vein that receive lymphatic drainage from the upper or forelimb, scapular region and pectoral region
has db xref: Axillary lymph nodes
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0729594
has db xref: Axillary Lymph Node
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181759007
has db xref: FMA:12771
has db xref: MA:0000735
has db xref: UMLS:C0729594
has exact synonym: axillary node
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nodi lymphoidei axillares
id: UBERON:0001097
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003968
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: shoulder

incisor tooth
definition: Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Incisor tooth
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0021156
has db xref: Incisor
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/420856006
has db xref: BTO:0001741
has db xref: EHDAA:8011
has db xref: EHDAA:8047
has db xref: EMAPA:32889
has db xref: FMA:12823
has db xref: GAID:1263
has db xref: MA:0000349
has db xref: MESH:A14.254.860.425
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ch5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0021156
has exact synonym: incisor
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001098
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Humans normally have eight (8) incisors; Among other animals, some other primates, cats and horses have twelve. Rodents have four, while Foxes have nine. Rabbits and hares (lagomorphs) were once considered rodents, but are distinguished by having eight — one small pair, called 'peg teeth', is located directly behind the most anterior pair. Incisors are used to bite off tough foods, such as red meat
subclass of: calcareous tooth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003672

subcostal vein
definition: The subcostal vein is a vein in the human body that runs along the bottom of the twelfth rib. It has the same essential qualities as the posterior intercostal veins, except that it cannot be considered intercostal because it is not between two ribs. Each subcostal vein gives off a posterior (dorsal) branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Subcostal vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226653
has db xref: Subcostal Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/25248001
has db xref: FMA:12845
has db xref: MA:0002222
has db xref: UMLS:C0226653
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena subcostalis
id: UBERON:0001099
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein

pectoralis minor
definition: The Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle, situated at the upper part of the chest, beneath the Pectoralis major. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Pectoralis minor muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224347
has db xref: Pectoralis Minor
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181625002
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001425
has db xref: EHDAA:8313
has db xref: EMAPA:18180
has db xref: FMA:13109
has db xref: MA:0002355
has db xref: UMLS:C0224347
has db xref: VHOG:0000902
has exact synonym: pectoralis minor muscle
has narrow synonym: supracoracoideus
has narrow synonym: supracoracoideus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus pectoralis minor
id: UBERON:0001100
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: pectoral muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0007174
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002228

external jugular vein
definition: The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the posterior facial with the posterior auricular vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Vein which collects blood from the muscles of the head and tongue and the thyroid gland.[AAO]
has db xref: External jugular vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226543
has db xref: External Jugular Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181373000
has db xref: AAO:0010508
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000468
has db xref: EHDAA:9887
has db xref: EMAPA:17875
has db xref: FMA:13110
has db xref: MA:0002156
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvrm0c5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226543
has db xref: XAO:0000379
has db xref: galen:ExternalJugularVein
has exact synonym: external jugular venous tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: external jugular
has related synonym: vena jugularis externa
id: UBERON:0001101
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004711
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: subclavian vein

cartilage of main bronchus
definition: A cartilage that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: EMAPA:19092
has db xref: FMA:13117
has db xref: MA:0001846
has exact synonym: bronchus principalis cartilage
has exact synonym: cartilage of bronchus principalis
has exact synonym: cartilage of primary bronchus
has exact synonym: cartilage of principal bronchus
has exact synonym: cartilaginous ring of main bronchus
has exact synonym: main bronchial cartilage
has exact synonym: main bronchus cartilage
has exact synonym: primary bronchus cartilage
has exact synonym: principal bronchus cartilage
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001102
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0001956
subclass of: UBERON_0003590
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002182
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007844
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002182

diaphragm
definition: A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control
UBPROP_0000001: The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO].
UBPROP_0000003: The mammals are characterized by a diaphragm, which separates the thoracic portion of the body cavity from the abdominal region and assists in drawing air into the lungs and forcing it out. Modern reptiles lack a muscular diaphragm and it is reasonable to suppose that the diaphragm developed as a new device that made possible a large degree of oxygen intake for active animals. The change may have taken place during the transition from reptile to mammal (...).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: phrenic
has db xref: Thoracid diaphragm
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0011980
has db xref: Diaphragm
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181614006
has db xref: BTO:0000341
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0198
has db xref: EFO:0000937
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003495
has db xref: EMAPA:17701
has db xref: EV:0100376
has db xref: FMA:13295
has db xref: GAID:158
has db xref: MA:0001904
has db xref: MAT:0000502
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.567.900.300
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVivz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0011980
has db xref: VHOG:0000713
has exact synonym: diaphragm muscle
has exact synonym: diaphragm of thorax
has exact synonym: thoracic diaphragm
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: midriff
has related synonym: phren
id: UBERON:0001103
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: The existence of some membrane separating the pharynx from the stomach can be traced widely among the chordates. Thus amphioxus possesses an atrium by which water exits the pharynx, which has been argued (and disputed) to be homologous to structures in ascidians and hagfishes.[3] The urochordate epicardium separates digestive organs from the pharynx and heart, but the anus returns to the upper compartment to discharge wastes through an outgoing siphon (Thoracic_diaphragm#Comparative_anatomy_and_evolution)
subclass of: UBERON_0003831
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005181
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0010084
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: skeletal muscle tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: thoracic segment of trunk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: phrenic nerve

anterior jugular vein
definition: The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. It descends between the median line and the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and, at the lower part of the neck, passes beneath that muscle to open into the termination of the external jugular, or, in some instances, into the subclavian vein. It varies considerably in size, bearing usually an inverse proportion to the external jugular; most frequently there are two anterior jugulars, a right and left; but sometimes only one. Its tributaries are some laryngeal veins, and occasionally a small thyroid vein. Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Anterior jugular vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226545
has db xref: Anterior Jugular Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/65478008
has db xref: FMA:13318
has db xref: MA:0002155
has db xref: UMLS:C0226545
has exact synonym: anterior external jugular vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena jugularis anterior
id: UBERON:0001104
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004711
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: subclavian vein

clavicle bone
definition: A paired dermal or endochondral bone that is part of the pectoral girdle. The clavicle may be in contact with the interclavicle or coracoid and forms an attachment site for pectoral musculature. [PHENOSCAPE:ad].
UBPROP_0000001: Slender, paired bones of intramembranous origin that invest the anterior margins of the procoracoids.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: part_of zonal element (AAO:0000936)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: In early tetrapods, the connecting skull bone, the posttemporal, and adjoining shoulder bones, supracleithrum and postcleithrum (=anocleithrum), are absent, leaving a dermal shoulder girdle composed of the remaining ventral elements: the paired cleithrum and clavicle, and an unpaired midventral interclavicle that joins both halves of the girdle across the midline. (...) Several dermal elements of the shoulder persist in early synapsids. The clavicle and interclavicle are present in therapsids and monotremes, but in marsupials and placentals, the interclavicle is absent, the clavicle often is reduced in size, and the scapula becomes the predominant shoulder element.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: clavicular
UBPROP_0000008: The clavicle first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it is associated with the pectoral fin; they also have a bone called the cleithrum. In such fish, the paired clavicles run behind and below the gills on each side, and are joined by a solid symphysis on the fish's underside. They are, however, absent in cartilagenous fish and in the vast majority of living bony fish, including all of the teleosts[ISBN 0-03-910284-X].
UBPROP_0000011: In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.
UBPROP_0000012: FMA and MA differ in whether they consider this part of the shoulder
has db xref: Clavicle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0008913
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181910004
has db xref: AAO:0000761
has db xref: EMAPA:18721
has db xref: FMA:13321
has db xref: GAID:182
has db xref: MA:0001329
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.227
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjijZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0008913
has db xref: VHOG:0000849
has db xref: VSAO:0005031
has db xref: galen:Clavicle
has exact synonym: clavicle
has exact synonym: clavicula
has exact synonym: collar bone
has exact synonym: collarbone
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001105
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002495
subclass of: UBERON_0003461
subclass of: UBERON_0007829
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010905
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0010843
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007831
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002091

cephalic vein
definition: A superficial vein of the upper limb that communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle. Superiorly the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and through the deltopectoral triangle, where it empties into the axillary vein. It is often visible through the skin, and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for cannulation. It is often referred to as the 'House-man's Friend' for this reason and is generally a good place for cannulaton when a large bore cannula needs to be sited. [WP,modified].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Cephalic vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226802
has db xref: Cephalic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181391005
has db xref: EMAPA:25075
has db xref: FMA:13324
has db xref: MA:0002092
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwTpbQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226802
has db xref: galen:CephalicVein
has exact synonym: cephalic vein of forearm
has exact synonym: vena cephalica antebrachii
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena cephalica
id: UBERON:0001106
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0003507
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: subclavian vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: axillary vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: arm

sternohyoid muscle
definition: The sternohyoid muscle is a thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum, one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles serving to depress the hyoid bone. It is innervated by the ansa cervicalis. The muscle arises from the posterior border of the medial end of the clavicle, the posterior sternoclavicular ligament, and the upper and posterior part of the manubrium sterni. Passing upward and medially, it is inserted by short tendinous fibers into the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: The sternohyoid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical plexus; it attaches to the hyoid appratus and the sternum.[FEED]
UBPROP_0000012: Note that as defined here, this structure attaches to the sternum, which is a tetrapod structure. TAO has class 'sternohyoid' as part of mandibular muscle, but no sternum, so excluded here. The TAO/ZFA class has no definition, but the dictionary of icthyology states: 'a large muscle originating on the ventral spine of the postcleithrum and inserting on the sides of the urohyal. It functions in rapid opening of the jaw and expanding the buccal cavity' - a generic way of grouping these is via a hyoid - girdle connection
UBPROP_0000014: draws hyoid posteriorly.
has db xref: Sternohyoid muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224162
has db xref: Sternohyoid
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244830003
has db xref: EMAPA:19271
has db xref: FMA:13341
has db xref: MA:0002383
has db xref: UMLS:C0224162
has exact synonym: m. sternohyoideus
has exact synonym: sternohyoid
has exact synonym: sternohyoideus
has exact synonym: sternohyoideus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus sternohyoideus
has related synonym: sternohyoidei
id: UBERON:0001107
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008523
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002205
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: spinal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: hyoid bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0005430

omohyoid muscle
definition: The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. It belongs to the group of infrahyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: The omohyoid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical plexus; it attaches to the hyoid appratus and the scapula.[FEED]
has db xref: Omohyoid muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224163
has db xref: Omohyoid
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244833001
has db xref: FMA:13342
has db xref: MA:0002348
has db xref: UMLS:C0224163
has exact synonym: omohyoid
has exact synonym: omohyoideus
has exact synonym: omohyoideus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus omohyoideus
id: UBERON:0001108
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: interior and superior belly
subclass of: UBERON_0008523
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: spinal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0005430
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: hyoid bone

sternothyroid muscle
definition: The Sternothyreoideus (or Sternothyroid muscle) is shorter and wider than the Sternohyoideus, beneath which it is situated. It arises from the posterior surface of the manubrium sterni, below the origin of the Sternohyoideus, and from the edge of the cartilage of the first rib, and sometimes that of the second rib, it is inserted into the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. This muscle is in close contact with its fellow at the lower part of the neck, but diverges somewhat as it ascends; it is occasionally traversed by a transverse or oblique tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: The sternothyroid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical plexus; it attaches to the thyroid cartilage and the sternum.[FEED]
UBPROP_0000014: draws larynx caudally
has db xref: Sternothyroid muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224166
has db xref: Sternothyroid
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244831004
has db xref: EMAPA:19272
has db xref: FMA:13343
has db xref: MA:0002386
has db xref: UMLS:C0224166
has exact synonym: sternothyroid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus sternothyroideus
has related synonym: sterno-thyroideus
has related synonym: sternothyreoidei
has related synonym: sternothyreoideus
has related synonym: sternothyroideus
id: UBERON:0001109
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008523
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: thyroid cartilage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0005430
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: spinal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002205

thyrohyoid muscle
definition: The thyrohyoid muscle is a small, quadrilateral muscle appearing like an upward continuation of the Sternothyreoideus. It belongs to the infrahyoid muscles group. It arises from the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage, and is inserted into the lower border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: The thyrohyoid is a somitic muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by C1 and Cranial Nerve XII ; it attaches to the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid apparatus.[FEED]
has db xref: Thyrohyoid muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224167
has db xref: Thyrohyoid
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244832006
has db xref: EMAPA:19273
has db xref: FMA:13344
has db xref: MA:0002393
has db xref: UMLS:C0224167
has exact synonym: thyrohyoid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus thyrohyoideus
has related synonym: thyreohyoideus
has related synonym: thyreohyoideus muscle
has related synonym: thyrohyoideus
id: UBERON:0001110
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008523
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: hypoglossal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: nerve of cervical vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: hyoid bone

intercostal muscle
definition: the respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: Inspiration by active expansion of the thorax evolved later, in the ancestor of reptiles, birds, and mammals. This was powered originally by the intercostal muscles (as in lizards or crocodilians) and later (in mammals only) by a muscular diaphragm.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Intercostal muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0021724
has db xref: Intercostal Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181746004
has db xref: BTO:0005281
has db xref: EFO:0001368
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000841
has db xref: EHDAA:5988
has db xref: EMAPA:18521
has db xref: FMA:13354
has db xref: GAID:159
has db xref: MA:0002324
has db xref: MA:0003165
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.567.900.500
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQo8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0021724
has db xref: VHOG:0000903
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intercostales
has related synonym: respiratory muscle
has related synonym: rib muscle
id: UBERON:0001111
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005175
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002228
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010970
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002228
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003727
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0012198
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: chest

latissimus dorsi muscle
definition: The latissimus dorsi is the larger, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Latissimus dorsi muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224362
has db xref: Musculus Latissimus Dorsi
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181747008
has db xref: EFO:0003067
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000932
has db xref: EHDAA:8307
has db xref: EMAPA:18178
has db xref: FMA:13357
has db xref: MA:0002331
has db xref: UMLS:C0224362
has db xref: VHOG:0000930
has exact synonym: dorsal latissimus muscle
has exact synonym: latissimi dorsi
has exact synonym: latissimus dorsi
has exact synonym: musculus latissimus dorsi
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus latissimus dorsi
id: UBERON:0001112
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Dorsal group[Kardong]
subclass of: muscle of shoulder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0007175
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: deltoid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008713
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010982
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: UBERON_0002380
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: humerus

lobe of liver
definition: Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe.
editor note: some work needs to be done to ensure the child terms of this class have correct isa/partof placement. in MA they are subclasses, in FMA they are parts
has db xref: Lobes
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0447541
has db xref: Liver Lobe
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245378000
has db xref: EMAPA:18306
has db xref: FMA:13361
has db xref: MA:0000360
has db xref: UMLS:C0447541
has exact synonym: hepatic lobe
has exact synonym: liver lobe
has exact synonym: lobus hepatis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001113
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002107

right lobe of liver
definition: The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's right side adjacent to the gall bladder.[TAO]
has db xref: Right lobe of liver
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227481
has db xref: Right Lobe of the Liver
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362182008
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001008
has db xref: EHDAA:4001
has db xref: EMAPA:18311
has db xref: FMA:13362
has db xref: MA:0000363
has db xref: TAO:0005173
has db xref: UMLS:C0227481
has db xref: VHOG:0001424
has db xref: ZFA:0005173
has exact synonym: liver right lobe
has exact synonym: lobus hepaticus dexter
has exact synonym: right liver lobe
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: 2nd lobe
has related synonym: gall bladder lobe
has related synonym: lobus hepatis dexter
has related synonym: right hepatic lobe
has related synonym: second lobe
id: UBERON:0001114
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: lobe of liver

left lobe of liver
definition: The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's left side.[TAO]
has db xref: Left lobe of liver
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227486
has db xref: Left Lobe of the Liver
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362183003
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001000
has db xref: EHDAA:3995
has db xref: EMAPA:18307
has db xref: FMA:13363
has db xref: MA:0000361
has db xref: TAO:0005172
has db xref: UMLS:C0227486
has db xref: VHOG:0001423
has db xref: ZFA:0005172
has exact synonym: left liver lobe
has exact synonym: liver left lobe
has exact synonym: lobus hepaticus sinister
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: left hepatic lobe
has related synonym: lobus hepatis sinister
id: UBERON:0001115
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: lobe of liver

quadrate lobe of liver
definition: The quadrate lobe is an area of the liver situated on the under surface of the right lobe, bounded in front by the anterior margin of the liver; behind by the porta hepatis; on the right, by the fossa for the gall-bladder; and on the left, by the fossa for the umbilical vein. It is oblong in shape, its antero-posterior diameter being greater than its transverse. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: The portion of the right lobe of the liver between the gall bladder, the porta hepatis, the round ligament and the lower margin of the organ. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
has db xref: Quadrate lobe of liver
has db xref: Lobus Quadratus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279929003
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001012
has db xref: EHDAA:8082
has db xref: EMAPA:18318
has db xref: FMA:13364
has db xref: MA:0000365
has db xref: VHOG:0000509
has exact synonym: liver quadrate lobe
has exact synonym: lobus quadratus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lobus quadratus
id: UBERON:0001116
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: right lobe of liver

caudate lobe of liver
definition: The caudate lobe (posterior hepatic segment I, Spigelian lobe) is situated upon the postero-superior surface of the liver on the right lobe of the liver, opposite the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae. It is bounded on the left side by the physiological division of the liver called the ligamentum venosum. It is bounded, below, by the porta; on the right, by the fossa for the inferior vena cava; and, on the left, by the fossa for the ductus venosus. It looks backward, being nearly vertical in position; it is longer from above downward than from side to side, and is somewhat concave in the transverse direction. The caudate process is a small elevation of the hepatic substance extending obliquely and laterally, from the lower extremity of the caudate lobe to the under surface of the right lobe. It is situated behind the porta, and separates the fossa for the gall-bladder from the commencement of the fossa for the inferior vena cava. Budd-Chiari syndrome, caused by occlusion of hepatic venous outflow, can lead to hypertrophy of the caudate lobe due to its own caval anastomosis that allows for continued function of this lobe of the liver. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: Check left vs right in mouse and human
UBPROP_0000001: The portion of the right lobe of the liver between the fissure of the ligamentum venosum and the bare area of the liver. It ends into the superior recess of the lesser peritoneal sac. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The caudate lobe is the only real and constant hepatic lobe of mammals (...) .[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Caudate lobe of liver
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227489
has db xref: Lobus Caudatus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362184009
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001005
has db xref: EHDAA:6990
has db xref: EMAPA:18313
has db xref: FMA:13365
has db xref: MA:0000364
has db xref: UMLS:C0227489
has db xref: VHOG:0000508
has exact synonym: Spiegelian lobe
has exact synonym: Spigel lobe
has exact synonym: couinaud hepatic segment I
has exact synonym: hepatovenous segment I
has exact synonym: liver caudate lobe
has exact synonym: lobus caudatus
has exact synonym: pars posterior hepatis
has exact synonym: posterior hepatic segment i
has exact synonym: posterior liver
has exact synonym: posterior part of liver
has exact synonym: segment I of liver
has exact synonym: segmentum hepatis I
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: liver caudate process
has related synonym: segment hepatis posterius I
id: UBERON:0001117
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: right lobe of liver
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: left lobe of liver

lobe of thyroid gland
definition: A lobe of tissue that is part of a thyroid gland.
UBPROP_0000003: Thus, a thyroid capable of forming iodotyrosines and iodothyronines is present in all vertebrates. (...) Certain morphologic changes occur after the biochemical evolution of the thyroid has ceased. In the adult lamprey and in most bony fishes, the gland is not encapsulated. (...) In cartilaginous fish, the thyroid is encapsulated. In the higher vertebrate forms, the thyroid is a one- or two-lobed encapsulated structure.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Lobes of thyroid gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0447647
has db xref: Thyroid Gland Lobe
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245537001
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002032
has db xref: EMAPA:18196
has db xref: FMA:13367
has db xref: MA:0000131
has db xref: UMLS:C0447647
has db xref: VHOG:0000732
has exact synonym: lobus (glandula thyroidea)
has exact synonym: thyroid gland lobe
has exact synonym: thyroid lobe
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lobuli glandulae thyroideae
id: UBERON:0001118
type: Class
comment: The lobes of the thyroid gland are conical in shape, the apex of each being directed upward and lateralward as far as the junction of the middle with the lower third of the thyroid cartilage; the base looks downward, and is on a level with the fifth or sixth tracheal ring. Each lobe is about 5 cm. long; its greatest width is about 3 cm. , and its thickness about 2 cm. The lateral or superficial surface is convex, and covered by the skin, the superficial and deep fasciæ, the Sternocleidomastoideus, the superior belly of the Omohyoideus, the Sternohyoideus and Sternothyreoideus, and beneath the last muscle by the pretracheal layer of the deep fascia, which forms a capsule for the gland. The deep or medial surface is moulded over the underlying structures, viz. , the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, the trachea, the Constrictor pharyngis inferior and posterior part of the Cricothyreoideus, the esophagus (particularly on the left side of the neck), the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves. The anterior border is thin, and inclines obliquely from above downward toward the middle line of the neck, while the posterior border is thick and overlaps the common carotid artery, and, as a rule, the parathyroids
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0009912
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002046
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002046
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0009912
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002046

right lobe of thyroid gland
definition: A lobe of thyroid gland that is in the right side of a thyroid gland.
UBPROP_0000003: Thus, a thyroid capable of forming iodotyrosines and iodothyronines is present in all vertebrates. (...) Certain morphologic changes occur after the biochemical evolution of the thyroid has ceased. In the adult lamprey and in most bony fishes, the gland is not encapsulated. (...) In cartilaginous fish, the thyroid is encapsulated. In the higher vertebrate forms, the thyroid is a one- or two-lobed encapsulated structure.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229581
has db xref: Right Thyroid Gland Lobe
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/170482008
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001759
has db xref: EMAPA:18198
has db xref: FMA:13368
has db xref: MA:0000729
has db xref: UMLS:C0229581
has db xref: VHOG:0000733
has exact synonym: lobus dexter (glandula thyroidea)
has exact synonym: right thyroid lobe
has exact synonym: thyroid gland right lobe
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001119
type: Class
subclass of: lobe of thyroid gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_right_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002046
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lobe of thyroid gland
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in_right_side_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002046

left lobe of thyroid gland
definition: A lobe of thyroid gland that is in the left side of a thyroid gland.
UBPROP_0000003: Thus, a thyroid capable of forming iodotyrosines and iodothyronines is present in all vertebrates. (...) Certain morphologic changes occur after the biochemical evolution of the thyroid has ceased. In the adult lamprey and in most bony fishes, the gland is not encapsulated. (...) In cartilaginous fish, the thyroid is encapsulated. In the higher vertebrate forms, the thyroid is a one- or two-lobed encapsulated structure.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229582
has db xref: Left Thyroid Gland Lobe
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/170784008
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000965
has db xref: EMAPA:18197
has db xref: FMA:13369
has db xref: MA:0000728
has db xref: UMLS:C0229582
has db xref: VHOG:0000734
has exact synonym: left thyroid lobe
has exact synonym: lobus sinister (glandula thyroidea)
has exact synonym: thyroid gland left lobe
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001120
type: Class
subclass of: lobe of thyroid gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_left_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002046
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lobe of thyroid gland
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in_left_side_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002046

longus colli muscle
definition: The Longus colli muscle is a muscle of the human body. The Longus colli is situated on the anterior surface of the vertebral column, between the atlas and the third thoracic vertebra. It is broad in the middle, narrow and pointed at either end, and consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical. The superior oblique portion arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ and, ascending obliquely with a medial inclination, is inserted by a narrow tendon into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas. The inferior oblique portion, the smallest part of the muscle, arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ; and, ascending obliquely in a lateral direction, is inserted into the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebræ. The vertical portion arises, below, from the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted into the front of the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebræ. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Longus colli muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224169
has db xref: Longus Colli
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244836009
has db xref: FMA:13370
has db xref: MA:0002341
has db xref: UMLS:C0224169
has exact synonym: longus colli
has exact synonym: longus colli muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: longi colli
has related synonym: musculus longus colli
id: UBERON:0001121
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: UBERON_0005178
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0008818
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0003996

scalenus medius
definition: The Scalenus medius, the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles, arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebræ. It descendes along the side of the vertebral column to insert by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between the tubercle and the subclavian groove. The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass anterior to it. Because it elevates the upper ribs, the middle scalene muscle is also one of the accessory muscles of respiration. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Scalenus medius
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224174
has db xref: Scalenus Medius
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244844009
has db xref: FMA:13386
has db xref: MA:0002370
has db xref: UMLS:C0224174
has exact synonym: medial scalene muscle
has exact synonym: middle scalene
has exact synonym: musculus scalenus medius
has exact synonym: scalenus medius muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus scalenus medius
id: UBERON:0001122
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002377
subclass of: UBERON_0003897
subclass of: UBERON_0004518
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: nerve of cervical vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002413
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0004601

scalenus posterior
definition: The Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus), the smallest and most deeply seated of the three Scaleni, arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of the second rib, behind the attachment of the serratus ventralis. It is occasionally blended with the Scalenus medius. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Scalenus posterior
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1710019
has db xref: Scalenus Dorsalis
has db xref: FMA:13387
has db xref: MA:0002369
has db xref: UMLS:C1710019
has exact synonym: musculus scalenus posterior
has exact synonym: posterior scalene
has exact synonym: posterior scalene muscle
has exact synonym: scalenus dorsalis
has exact synonym: scalenus dorsalis muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus scalenus posterior
id: UBERON:0001123
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002377
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra

serratus ventralis
definition: The serratus ventralis is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Serratus anterior muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1710059
has db xref: Serratus Ventralis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181748003
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001832
has db xref: EHDAA:9463
has db xref: EMAPA:18525
has db xref: FMA:13397
has db xref: MA:0002378
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWn_D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C1710059
has db xref: VHOG:0000679
has exact synonym: Boxer's muscle
has exact synonym: serratus anterior
has exact synonym: serratus anterior muscle
has exact synonym: serratus ventralis muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus serratus anterior
has related synonym: serratus lateralis
id: UBERON:0001125
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle of shoulder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003726
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010986
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002228
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: UBERON_0002380
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0006849

serratus dorsalis superior muscle
definition: The serratus dorsalis superior is a thin, quadrilateral muscle, situated at the upper and back part of the thorax. It arises by a thin and broad aponeurosis from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchae, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and upper two or three thoracic vertebræ and from the supraspinal ligament. Inclining downward and lateralward it becomes muscular, and is inserted, by four fleshy digitations, into the upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs, a little beyond their angles. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Serratus posterior superior muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1710058
has db xref: Serratus Dorsalis Cranialis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244935007
has db xref: FMA:13401
has db xref: MA:0002377
has db xref: UMLS:C1710058
has exact synonym: serratus dorsalis cranialis
has exact synonym: serratus dorsalis cranialis muscle
has exact synonym: serratus posterior superior
has exact synonym: superior serratus dorsalis
has exact synonym: superior serratus posterior
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001126
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003830
subclass of: UBERON_0011217
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: nuchal ligament
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: thoracic segment of trunk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002228
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003727
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: neural spine

serratus dorsalis inferior muscle
definition: A muscle that originates from the vertebrae and inserts in the ribs.
has db xref: Serratus posterior inferior muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1711277
has db xref: Serratus Dorsalis Caudalis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244936008
has db xref: FMA:13402
has db xref: MA:0002376
has db xref: UMLS:C1711277
has exact synonym: inferior serratus dorsalis
has exact synonym: inferior serratus posterior
has exact synonym: serratus dorsalis caudalis
has exact synonym: serratus posterior inferior
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: posterior serratus
has related synonym: serratus posterior inferior
id: UBERON:0001127
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011217
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002412
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002228
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003727

sternocleidomastoid
definition: A paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. It acts to flex and rotate the head. It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: TODO: sternocleidomastoid = sternomastoid + Cleidomastoideus. Origin: from manubrium sterni (sterno) and clavicle (cleido) and it's insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
UBPROP_0000003: The sternomastoid and the three parts of the trapezius are branchiomeric muscles that have secondarily acquired an attachment to the pectoral girdle. They evolved from the fish cucullaris.[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: SCM
has db xref: Sternocleidomastoid muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224153
has db xref: Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181741009
has db xref: BTO:0005125
has db xref: EMAPA:25137
has db xref: FMA:13407
has db xref: MA:0002384
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bMg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0224153
has db xref: VHOG:0000853
has exact synonym: sterno-mastoid
has exact synonym: sternocleidomastoid muscle
has exact synonym: sternomastoid
has exact synonym: sternomastoid muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus sternocleidomastoideus
has related synonym: sterno-cleido-mastoid
has related synonym: sterno-mastoid
has related synonym: sternocleidomastoid
has related synonym: sternocleidomastoid muscles
has related synonym: sternocleidomastoidei
has related synonym: sternocleidomastoideus
has related synonym: sternocleidomastoideus muscle
has related synonym: sternocleidomastoids
has related synonym: sternomastoid
has related synonym: sternomastoid muscle
has related synonym: supraclavicularis muscle
id: UBERON:0001128
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002377
subclass of: UBERON_0003897
subclass of: UBERON_0011364
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0011220
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: clavicle bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002205
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010987
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003725

subscapularis muscle
definition: The subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Subscapularis muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0584884
has db xref: Subscapularis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/277446000
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001943
has db xref: EHDAA:8317
has db xref: EMAPA:18181
has db xref: FMA:13413
has db xref: MA:0002388
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rviCRIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0584884
has db xref: VHOG:0000850
has exact synonym: subscapularis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus subscapularis
has related synonym: subcoracoscapularis
id: UBERON:0001129
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Dorsal group[Kardong]
subclass of: muscle of shoulder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_4200038
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010993
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008713
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003683
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: humerus

vertebral column
definition: Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body[modified from VSAO].
editor note: Note that in contrast to VSAO, this is a subset of the skeletal system, and thus includes intervertebral joints, cartilage and ligaments etc. Some ontologies such as AAO seem to purely refer to the skeleton
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The vertebral column consists of a series of vertebrae connected by ligaments. It provides a supporting axis for the body and protects the spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Vertebrata is characterized by three synapomorphies. First, vertebrates have a backbone composed of vertebrae (...).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: spine
has db xref: Vertebral column
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0037949
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1519455
has db xref: Spinal Cord Column
has db xref: Vertebral Column
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/44300000
has db xref: AAO:0000699
has db xref: AAO:0000734
has db xref: BTO:0000818
has db xref: EFO:0001369
has db xref: EHDA:10119
has db xref: EMAPA:35919
has db xref: FMA:13478
has db xref: GAID:106
has db xref: MA:0002416
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834
has db xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao1145756102
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2j-CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6GF55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkFEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001559
has db xref: UMLS:C0037949
has db xref: UMLS:C1519455
has db xref: VHOG:0001142
has db xref: VSAO:0000185
has db xref: XAO:0003074
has db xref: ZFA:0001559
has db xref: galen:SpinalColumn
has narrow synonym: backbone
has narrow synonym: vertebral column skeleton
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: columna vertebralis
has related synonym: dorsal spine
has related synonym: spinal column
has related synonym: vertebral region
id: UBERON:0001130
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: subdivision of skeletal system
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011138

vertebral foramen
definition: In a typical vertebra, the vertebral foramen is the foramen formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. The vertebral foramen begins at cervical vertebrae #1 and continues inferior to lumbar vertebrae #5. Within this foramen the spinal cord and associated meninges are housed. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Opening on the vertebra for a spinal nerve as it emerges from the spinal canal.[AAO]
has db xref: Vertebral foramen
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280734009
has db xref: AAO:0000729
has db xref: FMA:13479
has db xref: MA:0001454
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv_EvQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has exact synonym: vertebra neural canal
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: foramen vertebrale
id: UBERON:0001131
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010276
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: conduit for
  some values from: UBERON_0002240
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002412

parathyroid gland
definition: The parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland for secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually found as a pair, embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphorous metabolism.
UBPROP_0000001: Any one of several small structures, usually four, attached to the dorsal surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Either of the two pairs of small, spherical, encapsulated glands which develop from ventral growths of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and are closely associated with the external jugular veins. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are secreted by these glands.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The evolution of the tetrapods, and the shift from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, was believed to have required new controls for regulating calcium homeostasis, and thus the evolution of parathyroid glands (...) both the tetrapod parathyroid and the gills of fish contribute to the regulation of extracellular calcium levels. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that the parathyroid gland evolved as a result of the transformation of the gills into the parathyroid glands of tetrapods and the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. This interpretation would also explain the positioning of the parathyroid gland within the pharynx in the tetrapod body. Were the parathyroid gland to have emerged de novo with the evolution of the tetrapods it could, as an endocrine organ, have been placed anywhere in the body and still exert its effect.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: Parathyroid glands are found in all adult tetrapods, although they vary in their number, and in their exact position. Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six. Fish do not possess parathyroid glands, although the ultimobranchial glands, which are found close to the oesophagus, may have a similar function and could even be homologous with the tetrapod parathyroids. Even these glands are absent in the most primitive vertebrates, the jawless fish, but as these species have no bone in their skeletons, only cartilage, it may be that they have less need to regulate calcium metabolism. The conserved homology of genes and calcium-sensing receptors in fish gills with those in the parathryroid glands of birds and mammals is recognized by evolutionary developmental biology as evolution-using genes and gene networks in novel ways to generate new structures with some similar functions and novel functions[WP]
UBPROP_0000011: In humans and chick it emerges from pouches 3 and 4, but in mice it is exclusively generated by the third pouch
UBPROP_0000011: table 13.1 of Kardong is used to create the taxon-specific developmental relationships here, although some omissions are made for simplicity.
has db xref: Parathyroid gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030518
has db xref: Parathyroid Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181121007
has db xref: AAO:0010545
has db xref: BTO:0000997
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0745
has db xref: EFO:0000862
has db xref: EMAPA:32812
has db xref: EV:0100134
has db xref: FMA:13890
has db xref: GAID:452
has db xref: MA:0000128
has db xref: MAT:0000082
has db xref: MESH:A06.407.560
has db xref: MIAA:0000082
has db xref: UMLS:C0030518
has db xref: VHOG:0001188
has db xref: XAO:0000167
has exact synonym: parathyroid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: epithelial body
has related synonym: parathyroid secreting cell
id: UBERON:0001132
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002368
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: endocrine system

cardiac muscle tissue
definition: Muscle composed of cardiac muscle cells that is part of the heart[ZFA]. involuntary striated muscle found in the walls of the heart, specifically the myocardium[Wikipedia]. Tissue which consists of cardiac myocytes surrounded by cardiac endomysium. Examples: Cardiac muscle tissue proper, conducting tissue of heart[FMA].
editor note: check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class 'cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium'. Check ncit
has alternative id: UBERON:0007096
has db xref: Heart Muscle
has db xref: AAO:0010245
has db xref: AEO:0000142
has db xref: BILA:0000134
has db xref: BTO:0000199
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0440
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003142
has db xref: EMAPA:32688
has db xref: FMA:14068
has db xref: TAO:0005280
has db xref: ZFA:0005280
has db xref: galen:CardiacMuscle
has db xref: galen:CardiacMuscleTissue
has exact synonym: cardiac muscle
has exact synonym: cardiac muscle muscle tissue
has exact synonym: cardiac muscle textus muscularis
has exact synonym: heart muscle muscle tissue
has exact synonym: heart muscle textus muscularis
has exact synonym: heart myocardium muscle tissue
has exact synonym: heart myocardium textus muscularis
has exact synonym: muscle of heart muscle tissue
has exact synonym: muscle of heart textus muscularis
has exact synonym: muscle tissue of cardiac muscle
has exact synonym: muscle tissue of heart muscle
has exact synonym: muscle tissue of heart myocardium
has exact synonym: muscle tissue of muscle of heart
has exact synonym: muscle tissue of myocardium
has exact synonym: myocardium muscle tissue
has exact synonym: myocardium textus muscularis
has exact synonym: textus muscularis of cardiac muscle
has exact synonym: textus muscularis of heart muscle
has exact synonym: textus muscularis of heart myocardium
has exact synonym: textus muscularis of muscle of heart
has exact synonym: textus muscularis of myocardium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cardiac musculature
id: UBERON:0001133
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002036
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: heart

skeletal muscle tissue
definition: Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers.
editor note: TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle.
UBPROP_0000001: Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA]
UBPROP_0000003: This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: skeletal muscle
has db xref: Skeletal striated muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0242692
has db xref: Skeletal Muscle Tissue
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/426215008
has db xref: EMAPA:32716
has db xref: FMA:14069
has db xref: MA:0002439
has db xref: UMLS:C0242692
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: skeletal muscle system
has related synonym: somatic muscle
id: UBERON:0001134
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002036
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003082
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0014892

smooth muscle tissue
definition: Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. Tissue which consists of smooth muscle . Examples: Arrector muscle of hair, Muscularis mucosae.
UBPROP_0000001: A non-striated muscle that is composed of spindle-shaped cells. Smooth muscle usually is organized into sheets that line cavitated organs.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) the first bilateral animals possessed only smooth muscles with the molecular repertoire necessary to build a striated muscle. (...) it is more parsimonious to regard striated muscle cells as a sister cell type to the smooth muscle cells. In this scenario, striated and smooth muscles would have arisen in the stem lineage that led to the Nephrozoa (i.e. all Bilateria exclusive the acoelomorphs) (Hejnol et al., 2009), from an 'acoel-like' smooth muscle, by segregation and divergence of functions and through differential recruitment of additional genes[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000013: GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably. However visceral can also be used in the sense of the viscera. Many fly annotations to smooth muscle terms. If we want to be inclusive of insects have to have a general definition of tissue that includes cells.
has db xref: Smooth muscle tissue
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1267092
has db xref: Smooth Muscle Tissue
has db xref: AAO:0010244
has db xref: AEO:0000141
has db xref: BTO:0001260
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0943
has db xref: EFO:0000889
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003141
has db xref: EMAPA:32717
has db xref: EV:0100378
has db xref: FBbt:00003525
has db xref: FMA:14070
has db xref: GAID:167
has db xref: MA:0000166
has db xref: MAT:0000303
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.570
has db xref: MIAA:0000303
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvSS3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0005274
has db xref: UMLS:C1267092
has db xref: VHOG:0001246
has db xref: WBbt:0005781
has db xref: XAO:0000175
has db xref: ZFA:0005274
has db xref: galen:SmoothMuscle
has db xref: galen:SmoothMuscleTissue
has exact synonym: involuntary muscle
has exact synonym: non-striated muscle
has exact synonym: smooth muscle
has exact synonym: textus muscularis nonstriatus
has narrow synonym: visceral muscle
has narrow synonym: visceral muscle tissue
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus
id: UBERON:0001135
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002385

mesothelium
definition: Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri).
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Mesothelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0086610
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361918002
has db xref: AEO:0000111
has db xref: BTO:0002422
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1183
has db xref: EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003111
has db xref: EHDAA:2331
has db xref: EHDAA:2349
has db xref: EHDAA:295
has db xref: EHDAA:6073
has db xref: EHDAA:640
has db xref: EHDAA:646
has db xref: EMAPA:32856
has db xref: FMA:14074
has db xref: MA:0000565
has db xref: UMLS:C0086610
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001136
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: simple squamous epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0012275
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: serous membrane
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: mesoderm
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: simple squamous epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: serous membrane
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: develops_from
    some values from: mesoderm

dorsum
definition: The dorsal part of an animal, which in vertebrares includes the vertebral column. [cjm].
UBPROP_0000007: dorsal
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, called the back, a large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body
has db xref: Dorsum (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0004600
has db xref: Back
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/123961009
has db xref: BTO:0001713
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2223
has db xref: EFO:0001405
has db xref: FMA:14181
has db xref: GAID:30
has db xref: MESH:A01.176
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkEU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0004600
has db xref: galen:Back
has exact synonym: back
has exact synonym: back of body proper
has exact synonym: dorsal part of organism
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001137
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision

superior mesenteric vein
definition: In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Superior mesenteric vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226742
has db xref: Superior Mesenteric Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278031001
has db xref: BTO:0002783
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001951
has db xref: EHDAA:5414
has db xref: EMAPA:18643
has db xref: FMA:14332
has db xref: MA:0002179
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwFjmM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226742
has db xref: VHOG:0000552
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: upper mesenteric vein
has related synonym: vena mesenterica superior
id: UBERON:0001138
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005617
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005806
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005487

common iliac vein
definition: A vein that drains the pelvis and lower limbs into the inferior vena cava.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000008: In human anatomy, the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins and together, in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, form the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs. Both common iliac veins are accompanied along their course by common iliac arteries.
has db xref: Common iliac vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226758
has db xref: Common Iliac Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181398004
has db xref: EMAPA:17874
has db xref: FMA:14333
has db xref: MA:0002143
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv92CGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226758
has db xref: galen:CommonIliacVein
has exact synonym: common iliac venous tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena iliaca communis
id: UBERON:0001139
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005610
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002355
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: posterior vena cava

renal vein
definition: Either of the pair of major vessels which arise from the renal hilus and return blood from the kidneys, suprarenal gland and the ureter to the inferior vena cava.
UBPROP_0000001: The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Renal_vein].
UBPROP_0000012: in EHDAA2, the renal vein is part of the kidney
has db xref: Renal vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0035092
has db xref: Renal Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/116358006
has db xref: BTO:0002681
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001602
has db xref: EHDAA:8722
has db xref: EMAPA:28376
has db xref: FMA:14334
has db xref: GAID:544
has db xref: MA:0002210
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908.752
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0035092
has db xref: galen:RenalVein
has exact synonym: kidney vein
has exact synonym: renal venous tree
has exact synonym: vein of kidney
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: venae renales
id: UBERON:0001140
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: posterior vena cava
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0002113

right renal vein
definition: A renal vein that drains the right kidney
UBPROP_0000001: A vein that drains blood from the right kidney into the inferior vena cava[ncithesaurus].
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0508000
has db xref: Right Renal Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/116357001
has db xref: FMA:14335
has db xref: MA:0002212
has db xref: UMLS:C0508000
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001141
type: Class
subclass of: renal vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0004539
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: renal vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0004539

left renal vein
definition: A renal vein that drains the left kidney
UBPROP_0000001: A vein that drains blood from the left kidney into the inferior vena cava[ncithesaurus].
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0508001
has db xref: Left Renal Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/116356005
has db xref: FMA:14336
has db xref: MA:0002211
has db xref: UMLS:C0508001
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001142
type: Class
subclass of: renal vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0004538
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: renal vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0004538

hepatic vein
definition: Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA].
editor note: todo - add developmental relationships for other taxa
has db xref: Hepatic vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0019155
has db xref: Hepatic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278191001
has db xref: AAO:0010216
has db xref: EMAPA:19221
has db xref: FMA:14337
has db xref: GAID:534
has db xref: MA:0003015
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908.380
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5GivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000670
has db xref: UMLS:C0019155
has db xref: XAO:0000387
has db xref: ZFA:0000670
has db xref: galen:HepaticVein
has exact synonym: liver vein
has exact synonym: vein of liver
has exact synonym: vena hepatica
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: hepatic veins
has related synonym: venae hepaticae
id: UBERON:0001143
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0013126
subclass of: UBERON_0015796
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006877
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002107
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: posterior vena cava
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0002107

testicular vein
definition: A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from a single male gonad. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis.
editor note: TODO - check testicular vs spermatic vein (MA:0002218)
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, the right testicular vein generally joins the inferior vena cava; the left testicular vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. The veins emerge from the back of the testis, and receive tributaries from the epididymis; they unite and form a convoluted plexus, called the pampiniform plexus, which constitutes the greater mass of the spermatic cord; the vessels composing this plexus are very numerous, and ascend along the cord, in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring, they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins, which ascend on the Psoas major, behind the peritoneum, lying one on either side of the internal spermatic artery. These unite to form a single vein, which opens, on the right side, into the inferior vena cava (at an acute angle), on the left side into the left renal vein (at a right angle). The spermatic veins are provided with valves. The left spermatic vein passes behind the iliac colon and is thus exposed to pressure from the contents of that part of the bowel
sexually homologous to: ovarian vein
has db xref: Testicular vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226718
has db xref: Spermatic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264496006
has db xref: BTO:0002678
has db xref: EMAPA:18647
has db xref: FMA:14344
has db xref: MA:0002218
has db xref: MA:0002234
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv1WIHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226718
has exact synonym: male gonadal vein
has exact synonym: spermatic vein
has exact synonym: testicle vein
has exact synonym: testicular venous tree
has exact synonym: vein of testicle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena tesicularis
has related synonym: vena testicularis dextra
has related synonym: vena testicularis sinistra
has related synonym: venae spermaticae
id: UBERON:0001144
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connected to
  some values from: posterior vena cava
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: testis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connected to
  some values from: pampiniform plexus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: testis

ovarian vein
definition: The ovarian vein, the female gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding ovary to inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. It is the female equivalent of the testicular vein, and is the venous counterpart of the ovarian artery. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. It a paired vein, with one supplying each ovary. The right ovarian vein travels through the suspensatory ligament of the ovary and generally joins the inferior vena cava. The left ovarian vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Ovarian vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226720
has db xref: Ovarian Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278193003
has db xref: EMAPA:18644
has db xref: FMA:14346
has db xref: MA:0002186
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvrST5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226720
has exact synonym: female reproductive system gonad vein
has exact synonym: female reproductive system gonada vein
has exact synonym: gonad of female reproductive system vein
has exact synonym: gonada of female reproductive system vein
has exact synonym: ovary vein
has exact synonym: vein of female reproductive system gonad
has exact synonym: vein of female reproductive system gonada
has exact synonym: vein of gonad of female reproductive system
has exact synonym: vein of gonada of female reproductive system
has exact synonym: vein of ovary
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena ovarica dextra
has related synonym: vena ovarica sinistra
id: UBERON:0001145
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: female gonad
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: female gonad

suprarenal vein
definition: The Suprarenal veins are two in number: the right ends in the inferior vena cava. the left ends in the left renal or left inferior phrenic vein. They receive blood from the adrenal glands and will sometimes form anastomoses with the inferior phrenic veins. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Suprarenal vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226717
has db xref: Suprarenal Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278194009
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001966
has db xref: EHDAA:8731
has db xref: FMA:14348
has db xref: MA:0002229
has db xref: UMLS:C0226717
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001146
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002369
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0002369

median nerve
definition: The median nerve is a nerve in humans and other animals. It is in the upper limb. It is one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus. The median nerve is formed from parts of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, and continues down the arm to enter the forearm with the brachial artery. It originates from the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 & T1. The median nerve is the only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel, where it may be compressed to cause carpal tunnel syndrome. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Median nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0025058
has db xref: Median Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181010001
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001086
has db xref: EHDAA:5648
has db xref: EMAPA:17277
has db xref: FMA:14385
has db xref: GAID:843
has db xref: MA:0001168
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.050.500
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwF4HF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0025058
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nervus medianus
id: UBERON:0001148
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003433
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: arm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: brachial nerve plexus

bare area of liver
definition: A large triangular surface of the liver devoid of peritoneal covering.
has db xref: Bare area of the liver
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279965008
has db xref: EMAPA:17945
has db xref: FMA:14480
has db xref: MA:0000359
has exact synonym: area nuda (hepar)
has exact synonym: area nuda hepatis
has exact synonym: liver bare area
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: area nuda
has related synonym: bare area
has related synonym: hepatic bare area
id: UBERON:0001149
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial anatomical entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: right lobe of liver

body of pancreas
definition: The body of the pancreas is a subsection of the pancreas organ in the human body. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and inferior. It is at the same level as the transpyloric plane. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Body of pancreas
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227582
has db xref: Body of the Pancreas
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362202004
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001368
has db xref: EHDAA:9178
has db xref: EMAPA:17504
has db xref: FMA:14518
has db xref: MA:0000121
has db xref: UMLS:C0227582
has db xref: VHOG:0000451
has exact synonym: pancreas body
has exact synonym: pancreatic body
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: corpus pancreatis
has related synonym: pancreas corpus
id: UBERON:0001150
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pancreas

tail of pancreas
definition: The tail of the pancreas, located anatomically left near the hilum of the spleen, is not simply an anatomical distinction. The tail is the only part of the pancreas which contains Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) cells, which are responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to coordinate exocrine and islet enzyme release. PP cells are found in the tail's periphery. Beta cells and delta cells are found in the central part of the tail as with the rest of the pancreas. The cells described above are located exclusively in the islet cells; their secretions reach exocrine portions of the pancreas via the capillary network surrounding the islet cell populations. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Tail of pancreas
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227590
has db xref: Tail of the Pancreas
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245382003
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001390
has db xref: EMAPA:17511
has db xref: FMA:14519
has db xref: MA:0000123
has db xref: UMLS:C0227590
has db xref: VHOG:0000452
has exact synonym: left extremity of pancreas
has exact synonym: pancreas tail
has exact synonym: pancreatic tail
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cauda pancreatis
id: UBERON:0001151
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pancreas
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0009708

cystic duct
definition: the tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct
UBPROP_0000001: Duct that connects the gall bladder and the common bile duct.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The duct of the gallbladder which joins the common hepatic duct, thus forming the common biliary duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
has db xref: Cystic duct
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0010672
has db xref: Cystic Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245398005
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000333
has db xref: EHDAA:3045
has db xref: EMAPA:16841
has db xref: FMA:14539
has db xref: GAID:290
has db xref: MA:0000355
has db xref: MESH:A03.159.183.419
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveBeC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0005166
has db xref: UMLS:C0010672
has db xref: VHOG:0000213
has db xref: ZFA:0005166
has db xref: galen:CysticDuct
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus cysticus
id: UBERON:0001152
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003703
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: common bile duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: UBERON_0002110
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: biliary tree
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005604
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: common bile duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: UBERON_0001970
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: duct
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: continuous_with
    some values from: common bile duct
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: continuous_with
    some values from: UBERON_0002110

caecum
definition: A pouch in the digestive tract that connects the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction.
UBPROP_0000007: caecal
UBPROP_0000008: A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes. Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the vermiform appendix. Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[2] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[3] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates.
has db xref: Cecum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007531
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181256004
has db xref: BTO:0000166
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0122
has db xref: EFO:0000850
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000206
has db xref: EHDAA:3913
has db xref: EMAPA:35197
has db xref: EV:0100397
has db xref: FMA:14541
has db xref: GAID:307
has db xref: MA:0000334
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.209
has db xref: MIAA:0000288
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rve6u4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0007531
has db xref: VHOG:0001559
has db xref: galen:Cecum
has exact synonym: caecum
has exact synonym: cecum
has exact synonym: intestinum crassum caecum
has narrow synonym: caeca
has narrow synonym: ceca
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: blind intestine
has related synonym: blindgut
has related synonym: intestinum caecum
has related synonym: intestinum crassum cecum
id: UBERON:0001153
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Kardong: in some herbivorous lizards, a cecum is present between small and large intestines
subclass of: UBERON_0009854
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: ascending colon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: colon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: midgut

vermiform appendix
definition: A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops embryologically[WP].
UBPROP_0000001: Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cecum and distally terminates in the tip of the appendix. Examples: There is only one appendix[FMA:14542].
UBPROP_0000003: A comparative anatomical approach reveals three apparent morphotypes of the cecal appendix, as well as appendix-like structures in some species that lack a true cecal appendix. Cladistic analyses indicate that the appendix has evolved independently at least twice (at least once in diprotodont marsupials and at least once in Euarchontoglires), shows a highly significant (P < 0.0001) phylogenetic signal in its distribution, and has been maintained in mammalian evolution for 80 million years or longer.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: appendiceal
has broad synonym: vermix
has db xref: Vermiform appendix
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003617
has db xref: Vermiform Appendix
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181255000
has db xref: BTO:0000084
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1267
has db xref: EFO:0000849
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000588
has db xref: EMAPA:35140
has db xref: EV:0100076
has db xref: EV:0100080
has db xref: FMA:14542
has db xref: GAID:308
has db xref: MA:0001540
has db xref: MAT:0000287
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.209.290
has db xref: MIAA:0000287
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0003617
has db xref: VHOG:0001306
has db xref: galen:AppendixVermiformis
has exact synonym: appendix
has exact synonym: appendix vermiformis
has exact synonym: caecal appendix
has exact synonym: cecal appendix
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: apex of caecum
has related synonym: apex of cecum
has related synonym: appendix vermiformis
id: UBERON:0001154
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0013765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: caecum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: midgut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004907

colon
definition: Last portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum.
editor note: TODO - abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates
UBPROP_0000001: The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: colonic
UBPROP_0000008: In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]
UBPROP_0000008: In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates[ZFIN]
UBPROP_0000009: it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP]
has db xref: Colon (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0009368
has db xref: Colon
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302508007
has db xref: AAO:0010400
has db xref: BTO:0000269
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0158
has db xref: EFO:0000361
has db xref: EMAPA:18939
has db xref: EV:0100079
has db xref: FMA:14543
has db xref: GAID:309
has db xref: MA:0000335
has db xref: MAP:0000001
has db xref: MAT:0000526
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.356
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgLEM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000706
has db xref: UMLS:C0009368
has db xref: VHOG:0000648
has db xref: XAO:0000243
has db xref: ZFA:0000706
has db xref: galen:Colon
has exact synonym: large bowel
has narrow synonym: posterior intestine
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: hindgut
id: UBERON:0001155
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004921
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: large intestine

ascending colon
definition: Segment of the colon which is continuous with the cecum proximally and the transverse colon distally.[FMA,modified]
UBPROP_0000012: in MA, this is a subclass of colon
has db xref: Ascending colon
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227375
has db xref: Ascending Colon
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362162009
has db xref: BTO:0000270
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0057
has db xref: EFO:0000843
has db xref: EMAPA:35151
has db xref: FMA:14545
has db xref: MA:0001541
has db xref: MAT:0000311
has db xref: MIAA:0000311
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3H0FZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0227375
has db xref: galen:AscendingColon
has exact synonym: colon ascendens
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: spiral colon
id: UBERON:0001156
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: segment of colon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: midgut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: transverse colon

transverse colon
definition: The segment of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon.
has db xref: Transverse colon
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227386
has db xref: Transverse Colon
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362163004
has db xref: BTO:0000272
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2052
has db xref: EFO:0000844
has db xref: EMAPA:35880
has db xref: FMA:14546
has db xref: MA:0001543
has db xref: MAT:0000312
has db xref: MIAA:0000312
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7qyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0227386
has db xref: galen:TransverseColon
has exact synonym: colon transversum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001157
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: segment of colon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: midgut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: descending colon

descending colon
definition: The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon.
has db xref: Descending colon
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227389
has db xref: Descending Colon
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362165006
has db xref: BTO:0000641
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2010
has db xref: EFO:0000845
has db xref: EMAPA:35285
has db xref: FMA:14547
has db xref: MA:0001542
has db xref: MAT:0000313
has db xref: MIAA:0000313
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwHsNhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0227389
has db xref: galen:DescendingColon
has exact synonym: colon descendens
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001158
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: segment of colon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: sigmoid colon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: hindgut

sigmoid colon
definition: The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Sigmoid colon
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227391
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0682612
has db xref: Sigmoid Colon
has db xref: Sigmoid Flexure
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362166007
has db xref: BTO:0000645
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2044
has db xref: EFO:0000846
has db xref: FMA:14548
has db xref: MAT:0000314
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.356.668
has db xref: MIAA:0000314
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwHX_-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0227391
has db xref: UMLS:C0682612
has db xref: galen:SigmoidColon
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: colon sigmoideum
has related synonym: pelvic colon
has related synonym: sigmoid colon
has related synonym: sigmoid flexure
id: UBERON:0001159
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: segment of colon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: hindgut
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: rectum

fundus of stomach
definition: The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch, and contains the fundic glands[GO, Kardong].
UBPROP_0000001: The greater curvature of the stomach. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]
has db xref: Fundus (stomach)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017129
has db xref: Fundus of the Stomach
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362139007
has db xref: BTO:0000502
has db xref: EFO:0002554
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001919
has db xref: EHDAA:4844
has db xref: EMAPA:17886
has db xref: FMA:14559
has db xref: GAID:320
has db xref: MA:0001612
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.766.419
has db xref: UMLS:C0017129
has db xref: VHOG:0000421
has db xref: galen:GastricFundus
has exact synonym: fundus gastricus (ventricularis)
has exact synonym: gastric fundus
has exact synonym: stomach fundus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: fundus gastricus
has related synonym: fundus gastricus ventricularis
has related synonym: fundus ventricularis
has related synonym: fundus ventriculi
id: UBERON:0001160
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009870
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0010038

body of stomach
definition: The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO].
editor note: we include this as zone of stomach even though it is not distinguished by gland type
has db xref: Body of stomach
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227230
has db xref: Body of Stomach
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362140009
has db xref: BTO:0000505
has db xref: EMAPA:35810
has db xref: FMA:14560
has db xref: MA:0002559
has db xref: UMLS:C0227230
has db xref: galen:GastricCorpus
has exact synonym: corpus gastricum (ventriculare)
has exact synonym: gastric body
has exact synonym: stomach body
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: corpus gastricum
has related synonym: corpus ventriculare
has related synonym: corpus ventriculi
has related synonym: gastric corpus
id: UBERON:0001161
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009870

cardia of stomach
definition: The part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroeosphageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract[WP]
editor note: We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands.
has alternative id: UBERON:0004712
has db xref: Cardia
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007144
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362138004
has db xref: BTO:0000198
has db xref: EMAPA:35811
has db xref: FMA:14561
has db xref: GAID:319
has db xref: MA:0001609
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.766.163
has db xref: UMLS:C0007144
has exact synonym: cardial part of stomach
has exact synonym: gastric cardia
has exact synonym: pars cardiaca (gaster)
has exact synonym: pars cardiaca gastricae
has exact synonym: stomach cardiac region
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: antrum cardiacum
has related synonym: cardiac antrum
has related synonym: cardiac orifice
has related synonym: cardiac region
has related synonym: cardial orifice
id: UBERON:0001162
type: Class
comment: Boundary notes: There were previously conflicting statements in the academic anatomy community[10][11][12] over whether the cardia is part of the stomach, part of the esophagus or a distinct entity. Modern surgical and medical textbooks have agreed that "The gastric cardia is now clearly considered to be part of the stomach"[13][14]. Classical anatomy textbooks, and some other resources[15], describe the cardia as the first of 4 regions of the stomach. This makes sense histologically because the mucosa of the cardia is the same as that of the stomach[WP]
subclass of: UBERON_0009870
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0008859
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: esophagus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: body of stomach
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0009870
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: UBERON_0008859

lesser curvature of stomach
definition: The lesser curvature of the stomach, extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices, forms the right or posterior border of the stomach. It descends as a continuation of the right margin of the esophagus in front of the fibers of the right crus of the diaphragm, and then, turning to the right, it crosses the first lumbar vertebra and ends at the pylorus. Nearer its pyloric than its cardiac end is a well-marked notch, the incisura angularis, which varies somewhat in position with the state of distension of the viscus; it serves to separate the stomach into a right and a left portion. The lesser curvature gives attachment to the two layers of the hepatogastric ligament, and between these two layers are the left gastric artery and the right gastric branch of the hepatic artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Lesser curvature of stomach
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227221
has db xref: Lesser Curvature
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362133008
has db xref: FMA:14572
has db xref: MA:0001616
has db xref: UMLS:C0227221
has db xref: galen:LesserCurvatureOfStomach
has exact synonym: stomach lesser curvature
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001163
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009870

greater curvature of stomach
definition: The greater curvature of the stomach is directed mainly forward, and is four or five times as long as the lesser curvature. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Greater curvature of stomach
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227223
has db xref: Greater Curvature
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362134002
has db xref: FMA:14574
has db xref: MA:0001615
has db xref: UMLS:C0227223
has db xref: galen:GreaterCurvatureOfStomach
has exact synonym: stomach greater curvature
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001164
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009870

pyloric antrum
definition: the area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells
has broad synonym: antrum
has db xref: Pyloric antrum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0034193
has db xref: Antrum Pylori
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362142001
has db xref: BTO:0001732
has db xref: EFO:0002555
has db xref: EMAPA:17891
has db xref: FMA:14579
has db xref: GAID:332
has db xref: MA:0001624
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.766.716
has db xref: UMLS:C0034193
has db xref: galen:PyloricAntrum
has exact synonym: antrum of stomach
has exact synonym: stomach pyloric antrum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: antrum of Willis
has related synonym: antrum pylori
has related synonym: antrum pyloricum
has related synonym: gastric antrum
has related synonym: stomach antrum
id: UBERON:0001165
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009870
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pylorus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: pylorus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: body of stomach

pylorus
definition: the stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum
editor note: We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands
UBPROP_0000001: The orifice which allows the passage from the stomach into the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: pyloric
has db xref: Pylorus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0034196
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362143006
has db xref: BTO:0001146
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001580
has db xref: EHDAA:4860
has db xref: EMAPA:17631
has db xref: FMA:14581
has db xref: GAID:333
has db xref: MA:0002560
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.766.799
has db xref: UMLS:C0034196
has db xref: VHOG:0000420
has db xref: galen:Pylorus
has exact synonym: pars pylorica
has exact synonym: pars pylorica gastricae
has exact synonym: pyloric part of stomach
has exact synonym: pyloric region
has exact synonym: stomach pyloric region
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: valvula pylori
id: UBERON:0001166
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009870
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0008858
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: pyloric antrum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0008861
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0009870
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: pyloric antrum
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: UBERON_0008858
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: UBERON_0008861

wall of stomach
definition: the layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279995000
has db xref: EMAPA:35826
has db xref: FMA:14582
has db xref: MA:0002692
has db xref: galen:WallOfStomach
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of stomach
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of ventriculus
has exact synonym: gastric wall
has exact synonym: stomach anatomical wall
has exact synonym: stomach wall
has exact synonym: ventriculus anatomical wall
has exact synonym: ventriculus wall
has exact synonym: wall of ventriculus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001167
type: Class
subclass of: gut wall
subclass of: UBERON_0009034
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: stomach
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical wall
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: stomach

wall of small intestine
definition: An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1519375
has db xref: Small Intestinal Wall Tissue
has db xref: EMAPA:35785
has db xref: FMA:14615
has db xref: MA:0002696
has db xref: UMLS:C1519375
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of small bowel
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of small intestine
has exact synonym: small bowel anatomical wall
has exact synonym: small bowel wall
has exact synonym: small intestinal wall
has exact synonym: small intestine anatomical wall
has exact synonym: small intestine wall
has exact synonym: wall of small bowel
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001168
type: Class
subclass of: wall of intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical wall
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002108

wall of large intestine
definition: An anatomical wall that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: EMAPA:35470
has db xref: FMA:14619
has db xref: MA:0002695
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of large intestine
has exact synonym: large intestinal wall
has exact synonym: large intestine anatomical wall
has exact synonym: large intestine wall
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001169
type: Class
subclass of: wall of intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical wall
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: large intestine

mesentery of small intestine
definition: The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP].
has db xref: Mesentery .28proper.29
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245456008
has db xref: FMA:14643
has db xref: MA:0001555
has exact synonym: mesentery (proper)
has exact synonym: mesentery proper
has exact synonym: small intestinal mesentery
has exact synonym: small intestine mesentery
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001170
type: Class
subclass of: serosa of small intestine
subclass of: UBERON_0004854
subclass of: UBERON_0007826
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002095
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002108

portal lobule
definition: The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0682620
has db xref: Portal Lobule
has db xref: FMA:14653
has db xref: MA:0002498
has db xref: UMLS:C0682620
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001171
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: liver parenchyma
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: liver parenchyma

hepatic acinus
definition: The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227519
has db xref: Liver Acinus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272214009
has db xref: EMAPA:35497
has db xref: FMA:14654
has db xref: MA:0002496
has db xref: UMLS:C0227519
has exact synonym: liver acinus
has exact synonym: portal acinus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001172
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0011858
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: portal lobule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: liver parenchyma
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0004647

biliary tree
definition: Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consists of the bile ducts[FMA].
UBPROP_0000001: Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.[AAO]
has db xref: Biliary tract
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0005423
has db xref: Biliary Tract
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181267003
has db xref: AAO:0011020
has db xref: EMAPA:35172
has db xref: FMA:14665
has db xref: GAID:279
has db xref: MA:0001273
has db xref: MESH:A03.159
has db xref: UMLS:C0005423
has db xref: XAO:0000455
has exact synonym: biliary tract
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001173
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0013765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002294
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004912
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002423

common bile duct
definition: the part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct
UBPROP_0000001: Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG]
has db xref: Common bile duct
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0009437
has db xref: Common Bile Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362199009
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000303
has db xref: EHDAA:3981
has db xref: EMAPA:17201
has db xref: FMA:14667
has db xref: GAID:282
has db xref: MA:0001631
has db xref: MESH:A03.159.183.079.300
has db xref: TAO:0005165
has db xref: UMLS:C0009437
has db xref: VHOG:0000214
has db xref: ZFA:0005165
has db xref: galen:CommonBileDuct
has exact synonym: ductus choledochus (biliaris)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus choledochus
id: UBERON:0001174
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003703
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: ventral pancreatic duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: cystic duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: biliary tree
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: UBERON_0001970
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: common hepatic duct

common hepatic duct
definition: Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP].
editor note: TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part
UBPROP_0000001: The duct which conveys the bile from the liver and unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
has db xref: Common hepatic duct
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0019149
has db xref: Common Hepatic Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245403006
has db xref: EMAPA:19101
has db xref: FMA:14668
has db xref: GAID:286
has db xref: MA:0002660
has db xref: MESH:A03.159.183.079.600
has db xref: UMLS:C0019149
has db xref: VHOG:0000220
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus hepaticus communis
has related synonym: hepatic duct
id: UBERON:0001175
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003703
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: left hepatic duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: common bile duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0010081
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005604
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: right hepatic duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: UBERON_0001970

right hepatic duct
definition: The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: The duct which drains bile from the right half of the liver and unites with the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227557
has db xref: Right Hepatic Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245401008
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001727
has db xref: EHDAA:3992
has db xref: EMAPA:32797
has db xref: FMA:14669
has db xref: MA:0001639
has db xref: UMLS:C0227557
has db xref: VHOG:0000217
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus hepaticus dexter
id: UBERON:0001176
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003703
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: right lobe of liver
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005171
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003703
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: continuous_with
    some values from: right lobe of liver

left hepatic duct
definition: The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct.
UBPROP_0000001: The duct which drains bile from the left half of the liver and unites with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227560
has db xref: Left Hepatic Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245400009
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000941
has db xref: EHDAA:3990
has db xref: EMAPA:32795
has db xref: FMA:14670
has db xref: MA:0001638
has db xref: UMLS:C0227560
has db xref: VHOG:0000218
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus hepaticus sinister
id: UBERON:0001177
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003703
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: left lobe of liver
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005171
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003703
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: continuous_with
    some values from: left lobe of liver

visceral peritoneum
definition: The inner layer of peritoneum that is wrapped around organs located inside the intraperitoneal space.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Visceral peritoneum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362702003
has db xref: EMAPA:16592
has db xref: FMA:14703
has db xref: TAO:0005132
has db xref: VHOG:0001528
has db xref: ZFA:0005132
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001178
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: serous membrane
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002358

peritoneal cavity
definition: Anatomical cavity bounded by visceral and parietal peritoneum
UBPROP_0000001: The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum, which are normally in contact. The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sac. The greater sac is the peritoneal cavity, and the lesser sac is the omental bursa. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Peritoneal cavity
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1704247
has db xref: Peritoneal Cavity
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181616008
has db xref: BTO:0001782
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001446
has db xref: EMAPA:16139
has db xref: EMAPA:16886
has db xref: EMAPA:18461
has db xref: FMA:14704
has db xref: GAID:24
has db xref: MA:0000054
has db xref: MESH:A01.047.025.600.678
has db xref: UMLS:C1704247
has db xref: VHOG:0000852
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cavitas peritonealis
has related synonym: saccus serosus peritonei
id: UBERON:0001179
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002553
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002358
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: visceral peritoneum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: parietal peritoneum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003887
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002553
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002358
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: adjacent_to
    some values from: visceral peritoneum
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: adjacent_to
    some values from: parietal peritoneum

superior recess of lesser sac
UBPROP_0000012: classified as a cavity in EHDAA2, organ segment in FMA. We hedge and use a union
has alternative id: UBERON:0006299
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263190002
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001958
has db xref: EHDAA:2343
has db xref: EMAPA:18049
has db xref: FMA:14708
has db xref: MA:0000447
has exact synonym: omental bursa superior recess
has exact synonym: recessus superior bursae omentalis
has exact synonym: recessus superior omentalis
has exact synonym: superior omental bursa
has exact synonym: superior recess
has exact synonym: superior recess of omental bursa
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001180
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004458
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lesser sac
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_in
  some values from: UBERON_0005252

inferior recess of lesser sac
has alternative id: UBERON:0006249
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263261002
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000825
has db xref: EHDAA:6083
has db xref: EMAPA:18048
has db xref: FMA:14709
has db xref: MA:0000446
has exact synonym: inferior omental bursa
has exact synonym: inferior recess
has exact synonym: inferior recess of omental bursa
has exact synonym: omental bursa inferior recess
has exact synonym: recessus inferior bursae omentalis
has exact synonym: recessus inferior omentalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001181
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004458
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lesser sac

superior mesenteric artery
definition: A large vessel supplying the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra.
UBPROP_0000010: Origin: abdominal aorta; branches, inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileal, ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic arteries; distribution: small intestine, proximal half of colon
has db xref: Superior mesenteric artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0162861
has db xref: Superior Mesenteric Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362048004
has db xref: BTO:0002303
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001949
has db xref: EHDAA:3358
has db xref: EHDAA:5313
has db xref: EMAPA:18619
has db xref: FMA:14749
has db xref: GAID:502
has db xref: MA:0002005
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.565.755
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwE5KipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0162861
has db xref: VHOG:0000754
has db xref: galen:SuperiorMesentericArtery
has exact synonym: superior mesenteric arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria mesenterica superior
id: UBERON:0001182
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005616
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: intestine

inferior mesenteric artery
definition: In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric artery, often abbreviated as IMA, supplies the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery (artery of Drummond). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut. [WP,unvetted].
has broad synonym: IMA
has db xref: Inferior mesenteric artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0162860
has db xref: Inferior Mesenteric Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181341006
has db xref: BTO:0002302
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000817
has db xref: EHDAA:4345
has db xref: EMAPA:18618
has db xref: FMA:14750
has db xref: GAID:501
has db xref: MA:0002004
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.565.510
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-t-S5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0162860
has db xref: VHOG:0001116
has db xref: galen:InferiorMesentericArtery
has exact synonym: inferior mesenteric arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria mesenterica inferior
id: UBERON:0001183
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005616
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: large intestine

renal artery
definition: One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the kidneys. These are large arteries that branch from the dorsal aorta in primitive vertebrates.
editor note: renal arteries vary widely even in humans. Sub-structures should be checked for taxon variability.
UBPROP_0000001: Artery which supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta. The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein. It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm, 0.26 cm at the root. The measured mean diameter can differ depending on the imaging method used. For example, the diameter was found to be 5.04 ± 0.74 mm using ultrasound, but 5.68 ± 1.19 mm using angiography. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia]
has db xref: Renal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0035065
has db xref: Renal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181339005
has db xref: AAO:0010223
has db xref: BTO:0001165
has db xref: EFO:0002552
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004100
has db xref: EHDAA:5321
has db xref: EHDAA:8594
has db xref: EMAPA:28373
has db xref: FMA:14751
has db xref: GAID:507
has db xref: MA:0002035
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.745
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001600
has db xref: TAO:0000420
has db xref: UMLS:C0035065
has db xref: ZFA:0000420
has db xref: galen:RenalArtery
has exact synonym: renal arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria renalis
has related synonym: renal arteries
id: UBERON:0001184
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0012254
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: abdominal aorta
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: UBERON_0002113

right renal artery
definition: Renal artery that supplies the right kidney
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226332
has db xref: Right Renal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/36800007
has db xref: FMA:14752
has db xref: MA:0002037
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8I0KgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
has db xref: UMLS:C0226332
has exact synonym: right renal arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001185
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: The right [renal artery] passes behind the inferior vena cava, the right renal vein, the head of the pancreas, and the descending part of the duodenum[WP]
subclass of: renal artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0004539
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: renal artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: UBERON_0004539

left renal artery
definition: Renal artery that supplies the left kidney
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226333
has db xref: Left Renal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/19215005
has db xref: FMA:14753
has db xref: MA:0002036
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8I0agEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
has db xref: UMLS:C0226333
has exact synonym: left renal arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001186
type: Class
comment: The left [renal artery] is somewhat higher than the right; it lies behind the left renal vein, the body of the pancreas and the splenic vein, and is crossed by the inferior mesenteric vein[WP]
subclass of: renal artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0004538
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: renal artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: UBERON_0004538

testicular artery
definition: One of a pair of arteries that is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to a male gonad.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Testicular artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244281003
has db xref: EMAPA:18621
has db xref: FMA:14758
has db xref: MA:0002063
has exact synonym: testicular arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria testicularis
id: UBERON:0001187
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010192
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: abdominal aorta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: testis
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: testis

right testicular artery
definition: A testicular artery that supplies a right testicle.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0734076
has db xref: Right Spermatic Artery
has db xref: FMA:14759
has db xref: MA:0002042
has db xref: UMLS:C0734076
has exact synonym: right spermatic artery
has exact synonym: trunk of right testicular arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001188
type: Class
subclass of: testicular artery
subclass of: UBERON_0003468
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0004534
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: right ureter
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: testicular artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: UBERON_0004534

left testicular artery
definition: A testicular artery that supplies a left testicle.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0734077
has db xref: Left Spermatic Artery
has db xref: FMA:14760
has db xref: MA:0002041
has db xref: UMLS:C0734077
has exact synonym: left spermatic artery
has exact synonym: trunk of left testicular arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001189
type: Class
subclass of: testicular artery
subclass of: UBERON_0003468
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0004533
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: left ureter
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: testicular artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: UBERON_0004533

ovarian artery
definition: An artery that supplies an ovary.
UBPROP_0000001: In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery, and does not pass out of the abdomiproperty_value external_definitioncavity. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. [WP].
has db xref: Ovarian artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226411
has db xref: Ovarian Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244280002
has db xref: EMAPA:18620
has db xref: FMA:14761
has db xref: MA:0002012
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwOa9PZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226411
has exact synonym: ovarian arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria ovarica
id: UBERON:0001190
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: female gonad
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: female gonad

common iliac artery
definition: The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Common iliac artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1261084
has db xref: Common Iliac Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362050007
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000311
has db xref: EHDAA:2553
has db xref: EMAPA:17310
has db xref: FMA:14764
has db xref: MA:0001972
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvkZ7ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C1261084
has exact synonym: common iliac arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria iliaca communis
id: UBERON:0001191
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: See notes for parent class
subclass of: UBERON_0005609
subclass of: UBERON_0012254
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005470
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: abdominal aorta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005458

left gastric artery
definition: In human anatomy, the left gastric artery arises from the celiac artery, and runs along the superior portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Branches also supply the lower esophagus. The left gastric artery anastomoses with the right gastric artery, which supplies the inferior portion. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Left gastric artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226299
has db xref: Gastric Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244267000
has db xref: EMAPA:35374
has db xref: FMA:14768
has db xref: MA:0001961
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwMjqKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226299
has db xref: galen:LeftGastricArtery
has exact synonym: gastric artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria gastrica sinistra
id: UBERON:0001192
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: celiac artery

hepatic artery
definition: An artery that supplies the liver.
curator notes: currently defined in a generic fashion.
UBPROP_0000001: Artery that supplies blood to the liver.[TAO]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0019145
has db xref: Hepatic Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/76015000
has db xref: BTO:0004307
has db xref: EMAPA:17859
has db xref: FMA:14769
has db xref: GAID:496
has db xref: MA:0001963
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.407
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvzKtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0005161
has db xref: UMLS:C0019145
has db xref: ZFA:0005161
has db xref: galen:HepaticArtery
has exact synonym: arteria hepatica propria
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria hepatica
id: UBERON:0001193
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002107
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: UBERON_0002107

splenic artery
definition: In anatomy, the splenic artery (in the past called the lienal artery) is the blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen. It branches from the celiac artery, and follows a course superior to the pancreas. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Splenic artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0037996
has db xref: Splenic Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244266009
has db xref: EMAPA:19216
has db xref: FMA:14773
has db xref: GAID:510
has db xref: MA:0001991
has db xref: MA:0003177
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.814
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv0cb2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0037996
has db xref: galen:SplenicArtery
has exact synonym: arteria splenica
has exact synonym: lienal artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria lienalis
id: UBERON:0001194
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002106
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: celiac artery
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: UBERON_0002106

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
definition: The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery or from its first intestinal branch, opposite the upper border of the inferior part of the duodenum. It courses to the right between the head of the pancreas and duodenum, and then ascends to anastomose with the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. It distributes branches to the head of the pancreas and to the descending and inferior parts of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226319
has db xref: Inferior Pancreatico-duodenal artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244273004
has db xref: FMA:14805
has db xref: MA:0002014
has db xref: UMLS:C0226319
has exact synonym: inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteriae pancreaticoduodenales inferiores
id: UBERON:0001195
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: UBERON_0009658
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric artery

middle colic artery
definition: The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers’ breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Middle colic artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226328
has db xref: Middle Colic Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244276007
has db xref: FMA:14810
has db xref: MA:0002007
has db xref: UMLS:C0226328
has db xref: galen:MiddleColicArtery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria colica media
id: UBERON:0001196
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: transverse colon

ileocolic artery
definition: The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Ileocolic artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226323
has db xref: Ileo-colic Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244279000
has db xref: FMA:14815
has db xref: MA:0001970
has db xref: UMLS:C0226323
has db xref: galen:IleocolicArtery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria ileocolica
id: UBERON:0001197
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric artery

superior suprarenal artery
definition: Each (left and right) superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery on that side of the body. The left and right phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm, and come off the aorta. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Superior suprarenal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0580876
has db xref: Superior Suprarenal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/303424001
has db xref: FMA:14863
has db xref: MA:0002057
has db xref: UMLS:C0580876
has exact synonym: arteriae suprarenales superiores
has exact synonym: superior adrenal branch of inferior phrenic artery
has exact synonym: superior suprarenal branch of inferior phrenic artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001198
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: UBERON_0005624
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012255

mucosa of stomach
definition: The mucosal layer that lines the stomach.
UBPROP_0000001: The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands cont…
has db xref: Gastric mucosa
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017136
has db xref: Gastric Mucosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362131005
has db xref: BTO:0001308
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0404
has db xref: EMAPA:35817
has db xref: FMA:14907
has db xref: GAID:321
has db xref: MA:0002683
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.766.440
has db xref: UMLS:C0017136
has db xref: galen:GastricMucosa
has exact synonym: gastric mucosa
has exact synonym: gastric mucous membrane
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of stomach
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of ventriculus
has exact synonym: mucosa of ventriculus
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of stomach
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of ventriculus
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of stomach
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of ventriculus
has exact synonym: stomach mucosa
has exact synonym: stomach mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: stomach mucous membrane
has exact synonym: stomach organ mucosa
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa (gaster)
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa gastricae
has exact synonym: ventriculus mucosa
has exact synonym: ventriculus mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: ventriculus mucous membrane
has exact synonym: ventriculus organ mucosa
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Magenschleimhaut
has related synonym: tunica mucosa gastris
id: UBERON:0001199
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004786
subclass of: UBERON_0009034
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: wall of stomach
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: stomach

submucosa of stomach
definition: the fibrous connective tissue layer beneath the stomach mucosa
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227211
has db xref: Gastric Submucosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/52459002
has db xref: BTO:0002110
has db xref: EMAPA:35825
has db xref: FMA:14908
has db xref: MA:0002685
has db xref: UMLS:C0227211
has exact synonym: gastric submucosa
has exact synonym: stomach submucosa
has exact synonym: submucosa of ventriculus
has exact synonym: tela submucosa (gaster)
has exact synonym: ventriculus submucosa
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: submucous layer of stomach
has related synonym: tela submucosa ventriculi
id: UBERON:0001200
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009034
subclass of: UBERON_0018257
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: wall of stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of stomach
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: submucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: stomach

serosa of stomach
definition: the outermost layer of the stomach wall, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum
editor note: TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1517453
has db xref: Gastric Serosal Surface
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/1353004
has db xref: EMAPA:35822
has db xref: FMA:14914
has db xref: MA:0001626
has db xref: UMLS:C1517453
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of stomach serosa
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of ventriculus serosa
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane
has exact synonym: gastric wall serosa
has exact synonym: gastric wall serous membrane
has exact synonym: serosa of anatomical wall of stomach
has exact synonym: serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus
has exact synonym: serosa of gastric wall
has exact synonym: serosa of stomach anatomical wall
has exact synonym: serosa of stomach wall
has exact synonym: serosa of ventriculus anatomical wall
has exact synonym: serosa of ventriculus wall
has exact synonym: serosa of wall of stomach
has exact synonym: serosa of wall of ventriculus
has exact synonym: serous coat of stomach
has exact synonym: serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach
has exact synonym: serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus
has exact synonym: serous membrane of gastric wall
has exact synonym: serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall
has exact synonym: serous membrane of stomach wall
has exact synonym: serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall
has exact synonym: serous membrane of ventriculus wall
has exact synonym: serous membrane of wall of stomach
has exact synonym: serous membrane of wall of ventriculus
has exact synonym: stomach anatomical wall serosa
has exact synonym: stomach anatomical wall serous membrane
has exact synonym: stomach serosa
has exact synonym: stomach wall serosa
has exact synonym: stomach wall serous membrane
has exact synonym: tunica serosa (gaster)
has exact synonym: tunica serosa gastricae
has exact synonym: ventriculus anatomical wall serosa
has exact synonym: ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane
has exact synonym: ventriculus wall serosa
has exact synonym: ventriculus wall serous membrane
has exact synonym: visceral peritoneum of stomach
has exact synonym: wall of stomach serosa
has exact synonym: wall of stomach serous membrane
has exact synonym: wall of ventriculus serosa
has exact synonym: wall of ventriculus serous membrane
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: gastric serosa
id: UBERON:0001201
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004782
subclass of: UBERON_0009034
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: wall of stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of stomach
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: serous membrane
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: wall of stomach

pyloric sphincter
definition: A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP].
UBPROP_0000003: (...) the adult Xenopus stomach exhibits both glandular and aglandular regions and a distinct pyloric sphincter similar to that of the amniotic vertebrates (...).[uncertain][VHOG]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227238
has db xref: Pyloric Sphincter
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/268073008
has db xref: AAO:0011093
has db xref: EMAPA:19251
has db xref: FMA:14916
has db xref: MA:0002952
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvly2ZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0227238
has db xref: VHOG:0001466
has db xref: XAO:0000457
has exact synonym: pyloric valve
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001202
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011185
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: pylorus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: UBERON_0008858
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002114
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pylorus
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004590
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pylorus

muscularis mucosae of stomach
definition: the thin layer of smooth muscle in the mucosal layer of the stomach that functions to agitate the surface area stomach mucosa by moving the villi back and forth
UBPROP_0000009: agitate the surface area stomach mucosa by moving the villi back and forth
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227200
has db xref: Gastric Muscularis Mucosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/64551004
has db xref: EMAPA:35818
has db xref: FMA:14924
has db xref: MA:0002684
has db xref: UMLS:C0227200
has exact synonym: gastric muscularis mucosa
has exact synonym: lamina muscularis mucosae (tunica mucosa)(gaster)
has exact synonym: lamina muscularis of gastric mucosa
has exact synonym: muscular coat of stomach
has exact synonym: stomach muscularis mucosa
has exact synonym: tunica muscularis gastricae
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001203
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004222
subclass of: UBERON_0006676
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: mucosa of stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mucosa of stomach
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0006676
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: mucosa of stomach

mucosa of small intestine
definition: A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227261
has db xref: Small Intestinal Mucosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362144000
has db xref: BTO:0001259
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0941
has db xref: EMAPA:35780
has db xref: FMA:14933
has db xref: MA:0002686
has db xref: UMLS:C0227261
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of small bowel
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of small intestine
has exact synonym: mucosa of small bowel
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of small bowel
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of small intestine
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of small bowel
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of small intestine
has exact synonym: small bowel mucosa
has exact synonym: small bowel mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: small bowel mucous membrane
has exact synonym: small bowel organ mucosa
has exact synonym: small intestinal mucosa
has exact synonym: small intestine mucosa
has exact synonym: small intestine mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: small intestine mucous membrane
has exact synonym: small intestine organ mucosa
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa (intestinum tenue)
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa intestini tenuis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001204
type: Class
subclass of: intestinal mucosa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestinal mucosa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of small intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002108

submucosa of small intestine
definition: submucosal tissue in the small intestines.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Small intestinal submucosa
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227268
has db xref: Small Intestinal Submucosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/691000
has db xref: BTO:0002112
has db xref: FMA:14934
has db xref: MA:0001562
has db xref: UMLS:C0227268
has exact synonym: small bowel submucosa
has exact synonym: small intestinal submucosa
has exact synonym: small intestine submucosa
has exact synonym: submucosa of small bowel
has exact synonym: tela submucosa (intestinum tenue)
has exact synonym: tela submucosa intestini tenuis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001205
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009566
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of small intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: submucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002108

serosa of small intestine
definition: A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].
UBPROP_0000010: duodenum, 1st part serosa, 2nd - 4th adventitia
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/8266009
has db xref: FMA:14938
has db xref: MA:0001558
has exact synonym: serosa of small bowel
has exact synonym: serous coat of small intestine
has exact synonym: serous membrane of small bowel
has exact synonym: serous membrane of small intestine
has exact synonym: small bowel serosa
has exact synonym: small bowel serous membrane
has exact synonym: small intestinal serosa
has exact synonym: small intestine serosa
has exact synonym: small intestine serous membrane
has exact synonym: tunica serosa (intestinum tenue)
has exact synonym: tunica serosa intestini tenuis
has exact synonym: visceral peritoneum of small intestine
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001206
type: Class
subclass of: serosa of intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: serosa of intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of small intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: serous membrane
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002108

mucosa of large intestine
definition: A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0734203
has db xref: Large Intestinal Mucosa
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2106
has db xref: EMAPA:35467
has db xref: FMA:14969
has db xref: MA:0002688
has db xref: UMLS:C0734203
has exact synonym: large intestinal mucosa
has exact synonym: large intestine mucosa
has exact synonym: large intestine mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: large intestine mucous membrane
has exact synonym: large intestine organ mucosa
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of large intestine
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of large intestine
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of large intestine
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa intestini crassi
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001207
type: Class
subclass of: intestinal mucosa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestinal mucosa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: large intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: large intestine

submucosa of large intestine
definition: A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0734204
has db xref: Large Intestinal Submucosa
has db xref: BTO:0002111
has db xref: FMA:14970
has db xref: MA:0002690
has db xref: UMLS:C0734204
has exact synonym: large intestinal submucosa
has exact synonym: large intestine submucosa
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: submucous layer of large intestine
id: UBERON:0001208
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009566
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of large intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: submucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: large intestine

serosa of large intestine
definition: A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1517727
has db xref: Large Intestinal Serosal Surface
has db xref: FMA:14975
has db xref: MA:0001546
has db xref: UMLS:C1517727
has exact synonym: large intestinal serosa
has exact synonym: large intestine serosa
has exact synonym: large intestine serous membrane
has exact synonym: serous coat of large intestine
has exact synonym: serous membrane of large intestine
has exact synonym: tunica serosa intestini crassi
has exact synonym: visceral peritoneum of large intestine
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001209
type: Class
subclass of: serosa of intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: serosa of intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of large intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: serous membrane
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: large intestine

muscularis mucosae of small intestine
definition: A muscularis mucosa that is part of a small intestine.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227262
has db xref: Small Intestinal Muscularis Mucosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/36401004
has db xref: EMAPA:35781
has db xref: FMA:15051
has db xref: MA:0002687
has db xref: UMLS:C0227262
has exact synonym: lamina muscularis mucosae (tunica mucosa)(intestinum tenue)
has exact synonym: lamina muscularis of small intestine mucous membrane
has exact synonym: small intestine muscularis mucosa
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001210
type: Class
subclass of: muscularis mucosae of intestine
subclass of: UBERON_0004239
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mucosa of small intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: muscularis mucosae of intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0006676
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002108

Peyer's patch
definition: the protruding lymphoid tissue located on the mucosa of the intestine that is composed of densely packed B cell follicles
UBPROP_0000008: Reptiles have accumulations of lymphocytes in their guts that may be primitive Peyer's patches (Zapata and Solas).
UBPROP_0000012: FMA has [set of?] [aggregated,small] lymphoid [follice,nodule] of [colon, SI, I, etc]
UBPROP_0000012: Pp is a syn for Aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine; but MA uses Pp as covering both SI and LI. MA also includes follicle as a part. WP says duodenum and jejunum lack PPs
has db xref: Peyer's patch
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0031272
has db xref: Mouse Peyer s Patches
has db xref: Peyer s Patch
has db xref: BTO:0001784
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0780
has db xref: EFO:0001381
has db xref: EMAPA:19028
has db xref: GAID:950
has db xref: MA:0000137
has db xref: MESH:A10.549.598
has db xref: UMLS:C0031272
has exact synonym: noduli lymphoidei aggregati
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Peyers gland
has related synonym: Peyers patch
has related synonym: aggregated lymphoid follicle of intestine
has related synonym: aggregated lymphoid nodule
id: UBERON:0001211
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0001962
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestinal mucosa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lamina propria

duodenal gland
definition: A compound tubular submucosal gland found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)[WP].
editor note: currently defined as equivalent to any submucosal gland in the duodenum.
UBPROP_0000008: Said to be absent outside mammlian (Andrew 1959) but Ziswiler and Farner (1972) noted similar glands at the gastroduodenal junction of some birds
has db xref: Brunner's glands
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0006323
has db xref: Brunner s Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/41298001
has db xref: BTO:0002376
has db xref: FMA:15060
has db xref: GAID:314
has db xref: MA:0001551
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.411.620.270.322
has db xref: UMLS:C0006323
has exact synonym: Brunner's gland
has exact synonym: gland of Brunner
has exact synonym: submucosal gland of duodenum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glandula duodenales
has related synonym: glandula duodenales Brunneri
id: UBERON:0001212
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003408
subclass of: UBERON_0011148
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002114
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: mucus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0003332
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0011148
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002114

intestinal villus
definition: the tiny hair-like projections that protrude from the inside of the small intestine that contain blood vessels that capture digested nutrients that are absorbed through the intestinal wall; the villi increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine by approximately 30-fold
editor note: in mammals, villi are (largely?) absent from the large intestine, so we treat this as equivalent to small intestinal villus. small/large subdivision may not make sense for all speciesi for which this is present (see ZFA). Note that VHOG quotes ISBN:978-0030223693 as suggesting there are some villi in the large intestine
UBPROP_0000001: The entire digestive tract is lined by well developed villi, which are longest in the intestinal bulb and decrease progressively in size towards the caudal end of the intestine. No crypts are present, but, the regions between the villi, the intervillus pockets, have a crypt-like function. Cells are produced in the intervillus pockets and shed from the villus tips. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO]
UBPROP_0000012: the BTO class refers to a generic villous
has alternative id: UBERON:0007607
has db xref: Intestinal villus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1519988
has db xref: Villus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/23230007
has db xref: BTO:0003121
has db xref: EMAPA:35784
has db xref: FMA:15072
has db xref: MA:0001563
has db xref: TAO:0005125
has db xref: UMLS:C1519988
has db xref: ZFA:0005125
has exact synonym: enteric villi
has exact synonym: enteric villous
has exact synonym: enteric villus
has exact synonym: intestinal villi
has exact synonym: villi intestinales
has exact synonym: villus
has exact synonym: villus intestinalis (intestinum tenue)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intestinal villus layer
has related synonym: small intestine villus
has related synonym: villi intestinales
id: UBERON:0001213
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004923
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestinal epithelium

pancreatic tributary of splenic vein
definition: The pancreatic veins consist of several small vessels which drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the trunk of the great pancreatic vein. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000012: see also MA:0002165 ! lieno-pancreatic vein
has db xref: Pancreatic vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226743
has db xref: Pancreatic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264492008
has db xref: FMA:15388
has db xref: MA:0002189
has db xref: UMLS:C0226743
has exact synonym: pancreatic vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001214
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003713

inferior mesenteric vein
definition: A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Inferior mesenteric vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226754
has db xref: Inferior Mesenteric Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281055007
has db xref: BTO:0002782
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000819
has db xref: EHDAA:8712
has db xref: EMAPA:18642
has db xref: FMA:15391
has db xref: MA:0002178
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvcV53ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226754
has db xref: VHOG:0001118
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lower mesenteric vein
has related synonym: vena mesenterica inferior
id: UBERON:0001215
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005617
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003713
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: large intestine

jejunal vein
definition: The jejunal veins are tributaries of the superior mesenteric vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Jejunal veins
has db xref: FMA:15402
has db xref: MA:0002153
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: venae jejunales
id: UBERON:0001216
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002115
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric vein
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0002115

ileal vein
definition: The veins that drain blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein.
has db xref: Ileal veins
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1301431
has db xref: Ileal Vein
has db xref: FMA:15405
has db xref: MA:0002140
has db xref: UMLS:C1301431
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001217
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002116
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric vein
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0002116

middle colic vein
definition: The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Middle colic vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/9018004
has db xref: FMA:15406
has db xref: MA:0002181
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvywYIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has exact synonym: vena colica media (intermedia)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena colica media
id: UBERON:0001218
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: transverse colon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric vein

ileocolic vein
definition: The ileocolic vein is a vein which drains the ileum, colon, and cecum. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Ileocolic vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226744
has db xref: Ileocolic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/36208008
has db xref: FMA:15408
has db xref: MA:0002141
has db xref: UMLS:C0226744
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena ileocolica
id: UBERON:0001219
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: superior mesenteric vein

quadratus lumborum
definition: The Quadratus lumborum is irregular and quadrilateral in shape, and broader below than above. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Quadratus lumborum muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224380
has db xref: Quadratus Lumborum
has db xref: EMAPA:18524
has db xref: FMA:15569
has db xref: MA:0002362
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvj1wcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0224380
has exact synonym: muscle of posterior abdominal wall
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001220
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002378
subclass of: UBERON_0003897
subclass of: UBERON_0004518
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002228
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002414

transversus abdominis muscle
definition: The transversus abdominis muscle, also known as the transversalis muscle and transverse abdominal muscle, is a muscle layer of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall which is just deep to (layered below) the internal oblique muscle. It is thought to be a major muscle of the functional core of the human body; although some argue that due to its small cross-sectional area, it cannot generate the forces required to be a prime core stabilizer. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: One of a pair of transverse abdominal muscles that is the anterolateral muscle of the abdomen, lying immediately under the internal abdominal oblique. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Behind the thorax, the lateral group (of muscles in reptiles and mammals) remains essentially as for amphibians. (It breaks into three sheet-like layers: external oblique muscle, the internal oblique, and the transversus). More anteriorly, however, the ribs, now enlarged, penetrate and alter this group of muscles. The transversus is excluded from the thorax and the external and internal obliques become, respectively, the external and internal intercostal muscles, which contribute to the new function of ventilation of the lungs.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Transversus abdominis muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224378
has db xref: Transversus Abdominis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244949003
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002078
has db xref: EHDAA:8254
has db xref: EMAPA:18165
has db xref: FMA:15570
has db xref: MA:0002396
has db xref: UMLS:C0224378
has db xref: VHOG:0000845
has exact synonym: musculus transversus abdominis
has exact synonym: transverse abdominal
has exact synonym: transversis abdominus
has exact synonym: transversus abdominis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: transversalis
has related synonym: transversalis muscle
has related synonym: transverse abdominal
has related synonym: transverse abdominal muscle
has related synonym: transverse abdominis
has related synonym: transverse abdominus
has related synonym: transversus
has related synonym: transversus abdominis
has related synonym: transversus abdominus
has related synonym: transversus abdominus muscle
id: UBERON:0001221
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002461
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006210
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006635

right ureter
definition: An ureter that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227682
has db xref: Right Ureter
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/276251000
has db xref: FMA:15571
has db xref: MA:0001685
has db xref: UMLS:C0227682
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001222
type: Class
subclass of: ureter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_right_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ureter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in_right_side_of
    some values from: multicellular organism

left ureter
definition: An ureter that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227683
has db xref: Left Ureter
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/276340002
has db xref: FMA:15572
has db xref: MA:0001684
has db xref: UMLS:C0227683
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001223
type: Class
subclass of: ureter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_left_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ureter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in_left_side_of
    some values from: multicellular organism

renal pelvis
definition: A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP].
has db xref: Renal pelvis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227666
has db xref: Renal Pelvis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362221007
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2230
has db xref: EMAPA:17948
has db xref: FMA:15575
has db xref: GAID:426
has db xref: MA:0000374
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.453.537
has db xref: UMLS:C0227666
has db xref: galen:RenalPelvis
has exact synonym: kidney pelvis
has exact synonym: pelvis of ureter
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: p. renallis
has related synonym: pyelum
id: UBERON:0001224
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: In this ontology, the renal pelvis is represented as the area of part-overlap between the kidney and the ureter
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: urine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ureter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: ureter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: ureter

cortex of kidney
definition: Region of parenchyma of kidney representing the outer portion.[FMA]
has db xref: Renal cortex
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022655
has db xref: Renal Cortex
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362211004
has db xref: BTO:0001166
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0503
has db xref: EMAPA:17952
has db xref: FMA:15581
has db xref: GAID:424
has db xref: MA:0000372
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.453.324
has db xref: UMLS:C0022655
has db xref: galen:CortexOfKidney
has exact synonym: cortex renalis
has exact synonym: kidney cortex
has exact synonym: renal cortex
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001225
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: cortex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008987
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cortex
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002113

major calyx
definition: portion of the urinary collecting system within the kidney that drains several minor calyces
has db xref: Major calyx
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/1106008
has db xref: EMAPA:18677
has db xref: FMA:15613
has db xref: MA:0001644
has exact synonym: calices renales majores
has exact synonym: major calix
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: calices renales majores
id: UBERON:0001226
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: major calyx collects urine from several renal papillae; all major calyces unite to form the renal pelvis
subclass of: UBERON_0006517
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: minor calyx

minor calyx
definition: portion of the urinary collecting system within the kidney that drains one renal papilla
has db xref: Minor calyx
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/26293004
has db xref: EMAPA:18678
has db xref: FMA:15614
has db xref: MA:0001645
has exact synonym: calices renales minores
has exact synonym: minor calix
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: calices renales minores
id: UBERON:0001227
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: one renal papilla projects into the lumen of one minor calyx; several minor calyces unite to form a major calyx
subclass of: UBERON_0006517
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: renal papilla

renal papilla
definition: Tip of renal pyramid projecting into a minor calyx.
has db xref: Renal papilla
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022666
has db xref: Renal Papilla
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362214007
has db xref: BTO:0003925
has db xref: EMAPA:35727
has db xref: FMA:15622
has db xref: MA:0002730
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.453.466
has db xref: UMLS:C0022666
has db xref: galen:RenalPapilla
has exact synonym: kidney papilla
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001228
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: renal pelvis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: renal pelvis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: inner medulla of kidney

renal corpuscle
definition: the structure containing the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus that serves as the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron
UBPROP_0000001: A mass of arterial capillaries enveloped in a capsule and attached to a tubule in the kidney[BTO]
UBPROP_0000001: A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated. Paired highly vascularized structures of the pronephros, responsible for blood filtration.[XAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The part of the nephron that filters blood.[TAO]
has db xref: Renal corpuscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227635
has db xref: Renal Corpuscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361329009
has db xref: BTO:0000333
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1317
has db xref: EMAPA:28236
has db xref: EMAPA:35726
has db xref: EV:0100385
has db xref: FMA:15625
has db xref: MA:0000376
has db xref: TAO:0005281
has db xref: UMLS:C0227635
has db xref: VHOG:0001262
has db xref: ZFA:0005281
has exact synonym: Malpighian corpuscle
has exact synonym: corpusculum renale
has exact synonym: malphigian corpuscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: corpusculum renis
has related synonym: cortical renal corpuscle
has related synonym: kidney corpuscle
has related synonym: malphighian corpuscle
id: UBERON:0001229
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Together, the Bowmans capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: cortex of kidney
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nephron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cortex of kidney
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: nephron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007684

glomerular capsule
definition: A cup-like sac at the expanded beginning of a tubular component of a nephron that contains the glomerulus
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical structure found in the kidney consisting of an expanded end of a kidney tubule surrounding a glomerulus and is the major site of filtration.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000009: Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the Bowman's capsule and further processed along the nephron to form urine. This process is known as ultrafiltration[WP].
UBPROP_0000011: One fold of the S-shaped body gives rise to Bowman’s capsule[GUDMAP]
has db xref: Bowman's capsule
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0524448
has db xref: Bowman s Capsule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361331000
has db xref: AAO:0010526
has db xref: BTO:0002297
has db xref: EMAPA:27973
has db xref: EMAPA:28257
has db xref: FMA:15626
has db xref: KUPO:0001001
has db xref: MA:0001660
has db xref: TAO:0005254
has db xref: TAO:0005310
has db xref: UMLS:C0524448
has db xref: ZFA:0005254
has db xref: ZFA:0005310
has exact synonym: Bowman's capsule
has exact synonym: Bowmans capsule
has exact synonym: capsula glomerularis
has exact synonym: renal glomerular capsule
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Mueller capsule
has related synonym: Muellerian capsule
has related synonym: bowman's capsule
has related synonym: capsula glomeruli
has related synonym: malphigian capsule
has related synonym: pronephric glomerular capsule
id: UBERON:0001230
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: renal corpuscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004199
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: renal corpuscle

nephron tubule
definition: An epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
UBPROP_0000012: note that in ISBN10:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong), the uriniferous tubule contains the nephron, so we have a separate class, rather than using a synonym, as in MA
has alternative id: UBERON:0004210
has broad synonym: renal tubule
has db xref: Renal tubule
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022674
has db xref: Renal Tubule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361332007
has db xref: BTO:0000343
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1262
has db xref: EFO:0003666
has db xref: EMAPA:27782
has db xref: EV:0100387
has db xref: FMA:15627
has db xref: GAID:433
has db xref: MA:0000377
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.560
has db xref: TAO:0001287
has db xref: UMLS:C0022674
has db xref: ZFA:0001287
has exact synonym: kidney tubule
has exact synonym: tubulus renalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: uriniferous tubule
id: UBERON:0001231
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004211
subclass of: UBERON_0009773
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003918
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: nephron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nephron
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003914
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: nephron

collecting duct of renal tubule
definition: The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient
UBPROP_0000001: Renal duct that collects the output from renal tubules.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000012: in ISBN10:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong), the nephron is adjacent to the collecting tubule, consistent with FMA, but not GO. Wikipedia says: Many sources include the connecting tubule as part of the collecting duct system. However, the embryological origin is more similar to the nephron than it is to the rest of the collecting duct (which derives from the ureteric bud), and other sources therefore classify the connecting tubule with the nephron
has db xref: Collecting tubule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/28202009
has db xref: BTO:0000761
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0860
has db xref: EMAPA:28407
has db xref: EV:0100391
has db xref: FMA:15628
has db xref: GAID:434
has db xref: MA:0000371
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.560.510
has db xref: TAO:0005294
has db xref: ZFA:0005294
has exact synonym: collecting duct
has exact synonym: kidney collecting duct
has exact synonym: renal collecting tubule
has exact synonym: tubulus renalis arcuatus
has exact synonym: tubulus renalis colligens
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arcuate renal tubule
has related synonym: collecting duct system
has related synonym: collecting tubule
has related synonym: junctional tube
has related synonym: kidney collecting tubule
has related synonym: ureteric tree
id: UBERON:0001232
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006555
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007684
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nephron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002113

right adrenal gland
definition: An adrenal gland that is in the right side of the abdomen
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, the right adrenal gland is triangular shaped
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229559
has db xref: Right Adrenal Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281625001
has db xref: FMA:15629
has db xref: MA:0000719
has db xref: UMLS:C0229559
has exact synonym: glandula suprarenalis dexter
has exact synonym: right suprarenal gland
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001233
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002369
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_right_side_of
  some values from: abdomen
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002369
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in_right_side_of
    some values from: abdomen

left adrenal gland
definition: An adrenal gland that is in the left side of the abdomen
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, the left adrenal gland is semilunar shaped
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229560
has db xref: Left Adrenal Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281626000
has db xref: FMA:15630
has db xref: MA:0000718
has db xref: UMLS:C0229560
has exact synonym: glandula suprarenalis sinister
has exact synonym: left suprarenal gland
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001234
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002369
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_left_side_of
  some values from: abdomen
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002369
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in_left_side_of
    some values from: abdomen

adrenal cortex
definition: the thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces and secretes steroid hormones such as corticosterone, estrone and aldosterone
UBPROP_0000003: All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues (medulla), but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: Kardong states that mammals are the first to have distinct cortext and medulla, but this contradicts XAO
has db xref: Adrenal cortex
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001613
has db xref: Adrenal Cortex
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362584002
has db xref: AAO:0011009
has db xref: BTO:0000045
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0015
has db xref: EFO:0000237
has db xref: EMAPA:18427
has db xref: EV:0100136
has db xref: FMA:15632
has db xref: GAID:447
has db xref: MA:0000118
has db xref: MAT:0000494
has db xref: MESH:A06.407.071.140
has db xref: UMLS:C0001613
has db xref: VHOG:0001481
has db xref: XAO:0000165
has exact synonym: adrenal gland cortex
has exact synonym: cortex (glandula suprarenalis)
has exact synonym: cortex of adrenal gland
has exact synonym: cortex of suprarenal gland
has exact synonym: suprarenal cortex
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cortex glandulae suprarenalis
has related synonym: suprarenal
id: UBERON:0001235
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: cortex
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002369
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: mesoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002369
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cortex
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002369

adrenal medulla
definition: the inner portion of the adrenal gland that consists mainly of chromaffin cells which produce, store and secrete neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and norepinephrine
UBPROP_0000003: All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues (medulla), but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Adrenal medulla
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001629
has db xref: Adrenal Medulla
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362585001
has db xref: AAO:0011010
has db xref: BTO:0000049
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0018
has db xref: EFO:0000852
has db xref: EMAPA:18428
has db xref: EV:0100137
has db xref: FMA:15633
has db xref: GAID:451
has db xref: MA:0000119
has db xref: MAT:0000495
has db xref: MESH:A06.224.161
has db xref: UMLS:C0001629
has db xref: VHOG:0001378
has db xref: XAO:0000166
has exact synonym: adrenal gland medulla
has exact synonym: medulla (glandula suprarenalis)
has exact synonym: medulla glandulae suprarenalis
has exact synonym: medulla of adrenal gland
has exact synonym: medulla of suprarenal gland
has exact synonym: suprarenal medulla
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: adrenal central medulla
has related synonym: chromaffin cells
has related synonym: medulla of glandula suprarenalis
id: UBERON:0001236
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: medulla of organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002369
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002369
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: adrenal cortex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: medulla of organ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002369

paraaortic body
definition: .
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Organ of Zuckerkandl
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0442134
has db xref: Paraaortic
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/276159005
has db xref: EMAPA:18223
has db xref: FMA:15647
has db xref: GAID:444
has db xref: MA:0001137
has db xref: MESH:A06.224.636
has db xref: UMLS:C0442134
has exact synonym: organ of zuckerkandl
has exact synonym: paraganglion of Zuckerkandl
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: para-aortic body
has related synonym: paraganglia of zuckerkandl
id: UBERON:0001237
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: endocrine system

lamina propria of small intestine
definition: Lamina propria that is part_of the small intestine.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1711325
has db xref: Small Intestinal Lamina Propria
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/63588008
has db xref: EMAPA:35779
has db xref: FMA:15651
has db xref: MA:0001554
has db xref: UMLS:C1711325
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosa of small bowel
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosa of small intestine
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosae of small bowel
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosae of small intestine
has exact synonym: lamina propria of mucosa of small intestine
has exact synonym: lamina propria of small bowel
has exact synonym: small bowel lamina propria
has exact synonym: small bowel lamina propria mucosa
has exact synonym: small bowel lamina propria mucosae
has exact synonym: small intestine lamina propria
has exact synonym: small intestine lamina propria mucosa
has exact synonym: small intestine lamina propria mucosae
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001238
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004780
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mucosa of small intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of small intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lamina propria
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002108

muscularis mucosae of large intestine
definition: A muscularis mucosa that is part of a large intestine.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0734776
has db xref: Large Intestinal Muscularis Mucosa
has db xref: FMA:15655
has db xref: MA:0002689
has db xref: UMLS:C0734776
has exact synonym: lamina muscularis of large intestine mucosa
has exact synonym: lamina muscularis of large intestine mucous membrane
has exact synonym: large intestine muscularis mucosa
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001239
type: Class
subclass of: muscularis mucosae of intestine
subclass of: UBERON_0004220
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mucosa of large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: muscularis mucosae of intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: large intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0006676
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: large intestine

muscularis mucosae of intestine
definition: A muscularis mucosa that is part of a intestine.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: EMAPA:35442
has db xref: FMA:15691
has db xref: MA:0002694
has exact synonym: intestine muscularis mucosa
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intestinal muscularis mucosa
id: UBERON:0001240
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004221
subclass of: UBERON_0006676
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestinal mucosa
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0006676
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: intestine

crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine
definition: the tubular intestinal glands found in the mucosal membranes of the small intestine
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227267
has db xref: Small Intestinal Crypt of Lieberkuhn
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/52688008
has db xref: EMAPA:35777
has db xref: FMA:15693
has db xref: MA:0001552
has db xref: UMLS:C0227267
has exact synonym: crypt of lieberkuhn of small bowel
has exact synonym: crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine
has exact synonym: intestinal gland of small bowel
has exact synonym: intestinal gland of small intestine
has exact synonym: lieberkuhn crypt of small bowel
has exact synonym: lieberkuhn crypt of small intestine
has exact synonym: small bowel crypt of lieberkuhn
has exact synonym: small bowel intestinal gland
has exact synonym: small bowel lieberkuhn crypt
has exact synonym: small intestinal crypt of Lieberkuhn
has exact synonym: small intestine crypt of Lieberkuhn
has exact synonym: small intestine crypt of lieberkuhn
has exact synonym: small intestine intestinal gland
has exact synonym: small intestine lieberkuhn crypt
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001241
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0001983
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002108
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0001983
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002108

intestinal mucosa
definition: The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0021839
has db xref: Intestinal Mucosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362080002
has db xref: BTO:0000642
has db xref: EMAPA:35440
has db xref: FMA:15695
has db xref: GAID:296
has db xref: MA:0001537
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.411.369
has db xref: UMLS:C0021839
has exact synonym: bowel mucosa
has exact synonym: bowel mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: bowel mucous membrane
has exact synonym: bowel organ mucosa
has exact synonym: intestine mucosa
has exact synonym: intestine mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: intestine mucous membrane
has exact synonym: intestine organ mucosa
has exact synonym: mucosa of bowel
has exact synonym: mucosa of intestine
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of bowel
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of intestine
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of bowel
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of intestine
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of bowel
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of intestine
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa intestini
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001242
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004786
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: intestine

serosa of intestine
definition: A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
has db xref: FMA:15701
has db xref: MA:0001538
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of bowel serosa
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of intestine serosa
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane
has exact synonym: bowel anatomical wall serosa
has exact synonym: bowel anatomical wall serous membrane
has exact synonym: bowel wall serosa
has exact synonym: bowel wall serous membrane
has exact synonym: intestinal serosa
has exact synonym: intestinal wall serosa
has exact synonym: intestinal wall serous membrane
has exact synonym: intestine anatomical wall serosa
has exact synonym: intestine anatomical wall serous membrane
has exact synonym: intestine serosa
has exact synonym: intestine wall serosa
has exact synonym: intestine wall serous membrane
has exact synonym: serosa of anatomical wall of bowel
has exact synonym: serosa of anatomical wall of intestine
has exact synonym: serosa of bowel anatomical wall
has exact synonym: serosa of bowel wall
has exact synonym: serosa of intestinal wall
has exact synonym: serosa of intestine anatomical wall
has exact synonym: serosa of intestine wall
has exact synonym: serosa of wall of bowel
has exact synonym: serosa of wall of intestine
has exact synonym: serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel
has exact synonym: serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine
has exact synonym: serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall
has exact synonym: serous membrane of bowel wall
has exact synonym: serous membrane of intestinal wall
has exact synonym: serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall
has exact synonym: serous membrane of intestine wall
has exact synonym: serous membrane of wall of bowel
has exact synonym: serous membrane of wall of intestine
has exact synonym: visceral peritoneum of intestine
has exact synonym: wall of bowel serosa
has exact synonym: wall of bowel serous membrane
has exact synonym: wall of intestine serosa
has exact synonym: wall of intestine serous membrane
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001243
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004782
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: serous membrane
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: intestine

internal anal sphincter
definition: the smooth muscle ring, formed by an increase of the circular muscle fibers of the rectum, situated at the upper end of the anal canal, internal to the outer voluntary external anal sphincter
has db xref: Internal anal sphincter
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224394
has db xref: Internal Anal Sphincter
has db xref: EMAPA:18266
has db xref: FMA:15710
has db xref: MA:0001534
has db xref: UMLS:C0224394
has exact synonym: circular layer of anal muscularis externa
has exact synonym: circular layer of muscularis externa of anal canal
has exact synonym: circular layer of muscularis propria of anal canal
has exact synonym: circular muscle layer of anal canal
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001244
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004231
subclass of: UBERON_0004916
subclass of: UBERON_0007521
subclass of: UBERON_0012368
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: anal canal

anus
definition: Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts.
UBPROP_0000007: anal
UBPROP_0000008: In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html
has db xref: Anus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003461
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181262009
has db xref: BTO:0001680
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2005
has db xref: EV:0100082
has db xref: FBbt:00003148
has db xref: FMA:15711
has db xref: GAID:312
has db xref: MA:0000331
has db xref: MESH:A03.492.411.495.767.288
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TADS:0000066
has db xref: TGMA:0001279
has db xref: UMLS:C0003461
has db xref: WBbt:0005364
has db xref: galen:Anus
has exact synonym: anal opening
has exact synonym: anal orifice
has exact synonym: opening of terminal part of digestive tract
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: proctodeum
id: UBERON:0001245
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: orifice
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: digestive tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: proctodeum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: distalmost_part_of
  some values from: digestive tract
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: orifice
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: distalmost_part_of
    some values from: digestive tract

interlobular bile duct
definition: The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227515
has db xref: Interlobular Bile Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/83488001
has db xref: FMA:15767
has db xref: MA:0002668
has db xref: UMLS:C0227515
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001246
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003704
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: portal triad
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: portal triad

falciform ligament
definition: A ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior body wall. It is a broad and thin antero-posterior peritoneal fold, falciform in shape, its base being directed downward and backward and its apex upward and backward. It is a remnant of the ventral mesentery of the fetus. It is situated in an antero-posterior plane but lies obliquely, so that one surface faces forward and is in contact with the peritoneum behind the right rectus and the diaphragm, while the other is directed backward and is in contact with the left lobe of the liver. It is attached by its left margin to the under surface of the diaphragm and the posterior surface of the sheath of the right Rectus as low down as the umbilicus; by its right margin it extends from the notch on the anterior margin of the liver, as far back as the posterior surface. It is composed of two layers of peritoneum closely united together. Its base or free edge contains between its layers the round ligament and the paraumbilical veins[WP].
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA this is a subclass of mesentery. In MA it is a subclass of ligament, we infer and assert this is a nonskeletal ligament
has db xref: Falciform ligament
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0230240
has db xref: Falciform Ligament
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362705001
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000499
has db xref: EHDAA:4856
has db xref: EMAPA:18288
has db xref: FMA:15823
has db xref: MA:0001622
has db xref: UMLS:C0230240
has db xref: VHOG:0000355
has exact synonym: falciform ligament of liver
has exact synonym: ligamentum falciforme (hepatis)
has exact synonym: ligamentum falciforme hepatis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001247
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0002050
subclass of: UBERON_0003281
subclass of: UBERON_0013139
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002107
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005626
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: body wall
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0008845
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: body wall
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: UBERON_0002107

hilum of spleen
definition: The splenic hilum is a location on the surface of the spleen. It is the point of attachment for the gastrosplenic ligament, and the point of insertion for the splenic artery and splenic vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has broad synonym: hilum
has db xref: Splenic hilum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229685
has db xref: Splenic Hilum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245377005
has db xref: EMAPA:19303
has db xref: FMA:15841
has db xref: MA:0002670
has db xref: UMLS:C0229685
has exact synonym: hilum lienale
has exact synonym: hilum splenicum
has exact synonym: spleen hilum
has exact synonym: splenic hilum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: hilum splenicum
id: UBERON:0001248
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004885
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002106
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004885
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002106

spleen lymphoid follicle
definition: The area of the white pulp where the affinity maturation of B cells and the generation of memory B cells and plasma cells occur
has alternative id: UBERON:0003969
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1519475
has db xref: Splenic Lymphoid Follicle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/35845000
has db xref: EMAPA:35804
has db xref: MA:0002672
has db xref: UMLS:C1519475
has exact synonym: Malpighian body
has exact synonym: lymphatic follicle of spleen
has exact synonym: lymphoid follicle of spleen
has exact synonym: lymphoid nodule of spleen
has exact synonym: spleen B cell follicle
has exact synonym: spleen lymphoid follicle
has exact synonym: splenic B cell follicle
has exact synonym: splenic lymphatic follicle
has exact synonym: splenic lymphoid follicle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: spleen lymphoid nodule
id: UBERON:0001249
type: Class
subclass of: lymphoid follicle
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006561
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001959
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002106
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0001959
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_1000024
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lymphoid follicle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002106

red pulp of spleen
definition: the parenchymatous tissue network of the spleen that consists of loose plates or cords (sinuses) infiltrated with red blood cells where most of the blood filtration occurs and degenerate erythrocytes are removed from the circulation
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 7955
has db xref: Red pulp
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229687
has db xref: Splenic Red Pulp
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/27579002
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1263
has db xref: EMAPA:35806
has db xref: FMA:15844
has db xref: MA:0000756
has db xref: UMLS:C0229687
has exact synonym: pulpa rubra
has exact synonym: red pulp
has exact synonym: spleen red pulp
has exact synonym: splenic red pulp
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pulpa splenica
id: UBERON:0001250
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_1000023
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002106

marginal zone of spleen
definition: the zone between the red and white pulp of the spleen containing numerous macrophages and lymphocytes, and a rich plexus of sinusoids supplied by white pulp arterioles carrying blood-borne antigens
UBPROP_0000012: WP says - (Some sources consider it to be the part of red pulp which borders on the white pulp, while other sources consider it to be neither red pulp nor white pulp.) - we use the adjacency relation here so it overlaps neither. FMA considers this an anatomical line.
has broad synonym: marginal zone
has db xref: Marginal zone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1711368
has db xref: Marginal Zone
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2395
has db xref: FMA:15852
has db xref: MA:0000755
has db xref: UMLS:C1711368
has exact synonym: junctional zone of spleen
has exact synonym: spleen marginal zone
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001251
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: red pulp of spleen
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002106
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0001959

adventitia of ureter
definition: An adventitia that is part of a ureter.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/392273001
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/47879001
has db xref: EMAPA:28114
has db xref: FMA:15892
has db xref: MA:0002652
has exact synonym: external adventitia of ureter
has exact synonym: ureter adventitia
has exact synonym: ureteral adventitia
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001252
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005742
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ureter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009916
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0005742
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: ureter

lamina propria of ureter
definition: A lamina propria that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition].
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/2771005
has db xref: EMAPA:28841
has db xref: FMA:15896
has db xref: MA:0002653
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosa of ureter
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosae of ureter
has exact synonym: ureter lamina propria
has exact synonym: ureter lamina propria mucosa
has exact synonym: ureter lamina propria mucosae
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001253
type: Class
subclass of: lamina propria
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: renal system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ureter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009916
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004980
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lamina propria
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: ureter

urothelium of ureter
definition: The luminal epithelium of the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder[MP]
UBPROP_0000012: MP treats ureter urothelium and ureter luminal urothelium as exact synonyms, yes MA treats these as distinct; see also: transitional epithelium vs urothelium
has db xref: EMAPA:28089
has db xref: FMA:15897
has db xref: MA:0002655
has exact synonym: transitional epithelium of ureter
has exact synonym: ureter transitional epithelium
has exact synonym: ureter urothelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ureter luminal urothelium
id: UBERON:0001254
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: urothelium
subclass of: UBERON_0012275
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: ureter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ureter
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: urothelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: ureter

urinary bladder
definition: distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP].
UBPROP_0000001: A saccular organ in which urine accumulates before discharge from the body. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical structure which consists of a membranous sac used to temporarily store urine until it is excreted from the body.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: In tetrapods, the urinary bladder arises as an outpocketing of the cloaca. (...) The tetrapod urinary bladder appears first among amphibians and is present in Sphenodon, turtles, most lizards, ostriches among birds, and all mammals.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: vesical
has broad synonym: bladder
has db xref: Urinary bladder
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0005682
has db xref: Bladder
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302512001
has db xref: AAO:0000623
has db xref: BTO:0001418
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1090
has db xref: EFO:0000290
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000174
has db xref: EHDAA:9328
has db xref: EMAPA:18321
has db xref: EV:0100098
has db xref: FMA:15900
has db xref: GAID:0000004
has db xref: MA:0000380
has db xref: MAT:0000122
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.161
has db xref: MIAA:0000122
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0005682
has db xref: VHOG:0000740
has db xref: XAO:0000154
has db xref: galen:UrinaryBladder
has exact synonym: vesica urinaria
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: urocyst
has related synonym: vesica
id: UBERON:0001255
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002075
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0018707
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lower urinary tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002323
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: primitive urogenital sinus

wall of urinary bladder
definition: An anatomical wall that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458421
has db xref: Bladder Wall
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362225003
has db xref: BTO:0001462
has db xref: EMAPA:35175
has db xref: FMA:15902
has db xref: MA:0002493
has db xref: UMLS:C0458421
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of bladder
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of urinary bladder
has exact synonym: bladder anatomical wall
has exact synonym: bladder wall
has exact synonym: urinary bladder anatomical wall
has exact synonym: urinary bladder wall
has exact synonym: wall of bladder
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001256
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical wall
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: urinary bladder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical wall
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: urinary bladder

trigone of urinary bladder
definition: the smooth triangular region of the wall of the urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice; it is an area in which the muscle fibers are closely adherent to the mucosa
UBPROP_0000009: The area is very sensitive to expansion and once stretched to a certain degree, the urinary bladder signals the brain of its need to empty. The signals become stronger as the bladder continues to fill.
UBPROP_0000011: Embryologically, the trigone of the bladder is derived from the caudal end of mesonephric ducts, which is of mesodermal origin (the rest of the bladder is endodermal). In the female the mesonephric ducts regresses, causing the trigone to be less prominent, but still present
has db xref: Trigone of urinary bladder
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0447586
has db xref: Bladder Trigone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272663002
has db xref: EMAPA:35174
has db xref: FMA:15910
has db xref: MA:0002492
has db xref: UMLS:C0447586
has db xref: galen:TrigoneOfUrinaryBladder
has exact synonym: Lieutaud's trigone
has exact synonym: bladder trigone
has exact synonym: deep trigone
has exact synonym: musculus trigoni vesicae profundus
has exact synonym: trigone of bladder
has exact synonym: trigonum vesicae
has exact synonym: urinary bladder trigone
has exact synonym: vesical trigone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: dorsal bladder neck
has related synonym: trigonum vesicae urinariae
id: UBERON:0001257
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006082

neck of urinary bladder
definition: The constricted portion of the urinary bladder, formed by the meeting of its inferolateral surfaces proximal to the opening of the urethra[MP].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Neck of urinary bladder
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227716
has db xref: Bladder Neck
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362227006
has db xref: EMAPA:36078
has db xref: FMA:15912
has db xref: MA:0002491
has db xref: UMLS:C0227716
has db xref: galen:UrinaryBladderNeck
has exact synonym: bladder neck
has exact synonym: cervix vesicae
has exact synonym: collum vesicae
has exact synonym: neck of bladder
has exact synonym: urinary bladder neck
has exact synonym: vesical neck
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cervix vesicae urinariae
id: UBERON:0001258
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: neck of organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: urinary bladder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: neck of organ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: urinary bladder

mucosa of urinary bladder
definition: the mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227691
has db xref: Bladder Mucosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362224004
has db xref: EFO:0000293
has db xref: EMAPA:35897
has db xref: FMA:15928
has db xref: MA:0001692
has db xref: UMLS:C0227691
has db xref: galen:MucousMembraneOfUrinaryBladder
has exact synonym: bladder mucosa
has exact synonym: bladder mucous membrane
has exact synonym: bladder organ mucosa
has exact synonym: mucosa of bladder
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of bladder
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of urinary bladder
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa (vesica urinaria)
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa vesicae
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa vesicae urinariae
has exact synonym: urinary bladder mucosa
has exact synonym: urinary bladder mucous membrane
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001259
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: mucosa
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: urinary bladder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: urinary bladder

serosa of urinary bladder
definition: A serous membrane that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/5868002
has db xref: EMAPA:28661
has db xref: FMA:15932
has db xref: MA:0001696
has exact synonym: bladder serosa
has exact synonym: bladder serous membrane
has exact synonym: serosa of bladder
has exact synonym: serous coat of bladder
has exact synonym: serous coat of urinary bladder
has exact synonym: serous membrane of bladder
has exact synonym: serous membrane of urinary bladder
has exact synonym: tunica serosa (vesica urinaria)
has exact synonym: tunica serosa vesicae
has exact synonym: urinary bladder serosa
has exact synonym: urinary bladder serous membrane
has exact synonym: visceral peritoneum of urinary bladder
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001260
type: Class
subclass of: serous membrane
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: urinary bladder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: serous membrane
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: urinary bladder

lamina propria of urinary bladder
definition: A lamina propria that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1706967
has db xref: Bladder Lamina Propria
has db xref: EMAPA:30088
has db xref: FMA:15935
has db xref: MA:0001695
has db xref: UMLS:C1706967
has exact synonym: bladder lamina propria
has exact synonym: bladder lamina propria mucosa
has exact synonym: bladder lamina propria mucosae
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosa of bladder
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosa of urinary bladder
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosae of bladder
has exact synonym: lamina propria mucosae of urinary bladder
has exact synonym: lamina propria of bladder
has exact synonym: urinary bladder lamina propria
has exact synonym: urinary bladder lamina propria mucosa
has exact synonym: urinary bladder lamina propria mucosae
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001261
type: Class
subclass of: lamina propria
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: wall of urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mucosa of urinary bladder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lamina propria
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: urinary bladder

wall of intestine
definition: An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: we place two MA classes here due to the official ncit2ma mapping to intestinal wall tissue; not clear how bowel and intestine are different
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1708548
has db xref: Intestinal Wall Tissue
has db xref: BTO:0000647
has db xref: EMAPA:35181
has db xref: EMAPA:35444
has db xref: FMA:15949
has db xref: MA:0001525
has db xref: MA:0002693
has db xref: UMLS:C1708548
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of bowel
has exact synonym: anatomical wall of intestine
has exact synonym: bowel anatomical wall
has exact synonym: bowel wall
has exact synonym: intestinal wall
has exact synonym: intestine anatomical wall
has exact synonym: intestine wall
has exact synonym: wall of bowel
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bowel wall
id: UBERON:0001262
type: Class
subclass of: gut wall
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical wall
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: intestine

pancreatic acinus
definition: The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227578
has db xref: Pancreatic Acinus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/247604006
has db xref: EMAPA:35651
has db xref: FMA:16011
has db xref: MA:0002417
has db xref: UMLS:C0227578
has exact synonym: acinus pancreaticus
has exact synonym: pancreas acinus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pancreatic acinar
has related synonym: pancreatic acini
id: UBERON:0001263
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0009842
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007324
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: exocrine pancreas
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: exocrine pancreas
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0009842
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: exocrine pancreas

pancreas
definition: An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO].
UBPROP_0000001: Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: pancreatic
UBPROP_0000008: As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52)
UBPROP_0000008: The zebrafish does not have a discrete pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic tissue can be found scattered along the intestinal tract. The acinar structure of the exocrine pancreas is very similar to that of mammals and comprises cells with a very dark, basophilic cytoplasm
UBPROP_0000009: The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1–2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans
has db xref: Pancreas
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030274
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181277001
has db xref: AAO:0010112
has db xref: BTO:0000988
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0736
has db xref: EFO:0000855
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001367
has db xref: EHDAA:6893
has db xref: EMAPA:17503
has db xref: EV:0100092
has db xref: FMA:7198
has db xref: GAID:334
has db xref: MA:0000120
has db xref: MAT:0000075
has db xref: MESH:A03.734
has db xref: MIAA:0000075
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000140
has db xref: UMLS:C0030274
has db xref: VHOG:0000050
has db xref: XAO:0000136
has db xref: ZFA:0000140
has db xref: galen:Pancreas
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001264
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002075
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003924
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: endocrine pancreas
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003923
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002323
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003922

trabecula of spleen
definition: A trabecula that is part of a spleen.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229688
has db xref: Splenic Trabecula
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/61987002
has db xref: EMAPA:35808
has db xref: FMA:16027
has db xref: MA:0000758
has db xref: UMLS:C0229688
has exact synonym: spleen trabeculum
has exact synonym: splenic trabecula
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001265
type: Class
subclass of: trabecula
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002106
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_1000024
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: trabecula
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002106

splenic cord
definition: A structure found in the red pulp of the spleen between the sinusoids, consisting of fibrils and connective tissue cells with a large population of monocytes and macrophages. These cords contain half of the human body's monocytes as a reserve so that after tissue injury these monocytes can move in and aid locally sourced monocytes in wound healing. Erythrocytes pass through the cords of Billroth before entering the sinusoids. The passage into the sinusoids may be seen as a bottleneck, where erythrocytes need to be flexible in order to pass through. In disorders of erythrocyte shape and/or flexibility, such as hereditary spherocytosis, erythrocytes fail to pass through and get phagocytosed, causing extravascular hemolysis.
has db xref: Cords of Billroth
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0735011
has db xref: Splenic Cord
has db xref: FMA:16031
has db xref: MA:0002671
has db xref: UMLS:C0735011
has exact synonym: cord of Billroth
has exact synonym: cord of Bilroth
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001266
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: red pulp of spleen

femoral nerve
definition: The femoral nerve, the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves. It descends through the fibers of the Psoas major, emerging from the muscle at the lower part of its lateral border, and passes down between it and the Iliacus, behind the iliac fascia; it then runs beneath the inguinal ligament, into the thigh, and splits into an anterior and a posterior division. Under the inguinal ligament, it is separated from the femoral artery by a portion of the Psoas major. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Femoral nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015808
has db xref: Femoral Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181051004
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000507
has db xref: EHDAA:5655
has db xref: EMAPA:35343
has db xref: FMA:16486
has db xref: GAID:850
has db xref: MA:0001167
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450.250
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwGC03JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0015808
has db xref: VHOG:0001411
has exact synonym: anterior crural nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nervus femoralis
id: UBERON:0001267
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003431
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: leg

peritoneal fluid
definition: Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity.[FMA]
has db xref: Peritoneal fluid
has db xref: Peritoneal Fluid
has db xref: BTO:0001031
has db xref: EMAPA:35683
has db xref: FMA:16515
has db xref: MA:0002531
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001268
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007794
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: peritoneal cavity
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organism substance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: located_in
    some values from: peritoneal cavity

acetabular part of hip bone
definition: The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: Cavity for the articulation of the proximal bone of the hind limb.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: During the transformation from the osteolepiform fins to tetrapod limbs, the appendages and girdles underwent a number of radical changes. The pelvic girdle became a weight-bearing structure by evolution of an ischium, a full mesio-ventral contact between the two sides of the girdle, an ilium, and a contact between the vertebral column and the girdle through a sacral rib. Fore- and hindlimbs shifted laterally by reorientation of the glenoid and the acetabulum.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In reptiles and in birds, the acetabula are deep sockets.
UBPROP_0000012: whilst WP defines this as a surface, MA treats it as a bone. There are other FMA classes that may be better suited to representing the surface.
has db xref: Acetabulum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0000962
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182027007
has db xref: AAO:0000770
has db xref: EHDAA:10661
has db xref: EMAPA:18346
has db xref: FMA:16579
has db xref: GAID:206
has db xref: MA:0001335
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.611.108
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJlP9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001427
has db xref: UMLS:C0000962
has db xref: VHOG:0000974
has exact synonym: acetabular region
has exact synonym: acetabulum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001269
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005913
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hip joint
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ilium

bony pelvis
definition: A ring of bone formed by the sacrum and the first few coccygeal vertebrae as the roof, the pubis and ischia as the floor and the ilia and the acetabular part of the ischia as the walls.
editor note: TODO add taxon-specific part of relations connecting sub-structures to this.
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA, this is part of the axial skeletal system
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/46633002
has db xref: FMA:16580
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001270
type: Class
subclass of: subdivision of skeletal system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: ischium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0003690
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: pubis

pelvic girdle region
definition: Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the paired limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pelvic girdle regions.
curator notes: this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list
UBPROP_0000001: Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.[VSAO]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0684083
has db xref: Pelvic Girdle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/360010001
has db xref: FMA:16581
has db xref: UMLS:C0684083
has db xref: VSAO:0000304
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: girdle - pelvic
has related synonym: pelvic girdle
id: UBERON:0001271
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007823
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has skeleton
  some values from: UBERON_0007832
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002091
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010709
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007823
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0010709

innominate bone
definition: A fused bone consisting of the ilium, ischium and and pubis. Together with the sacrum and coccyx, it comprises the pelvis. [WP,modified].
editor note: currently this class is restricted to exclude the teleost bone as the definition mentions ilium, ischium and pubis. In future we may add a grouping class for girdle bones that supports the appendage
UBPROP_0000008: The hip/pelvic bone/basipterygium first appears in fishes, where it consists of a simple, usually triangular bone, to which the pelvic fin articulates. The hip bones on each side usually connect with each other at the forward end, and are even solidly fused in lungfishes and sharks, but they never attach to the vertebral column
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA this is a paired structure. NCITA has 'pelvic bone' but this is the *superclass* of ilium/ischium/pubis. The MA class 'pelvis bone' is actually a superclass of 'pelvic girdle bone' and caudal/sacral vertebra.
has broad synonym: bone of pelvic girdle
has broad synonym: innominate
has db xref: Hip bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361776002
has db xref: FMA:16585
has db xref: GAID:205
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.611
has exact synonym: coxal bone
has exact synonym: hip bone
has exact synonym: innominate bone
has exact synonym: os coxa
has exact synonym: os coxae
has exact synonym: pelvic bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: basipterygium
has related synonym: os innominatum
id: UBERON:0001272
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007830
subclass of: UBERON_0010428
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007832
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hip
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007832

ilium
definition: Paired endochondral bone that is the dorsal-most of the pelvic bones, offering attachment areas for gluteal muscles on its main surface [PHENOSCAPE:ad].
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 8570
UBPROP_0000001: Paired, rodlike endochondral bones that constitute the anterior pelvic girdle.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000007: iliac
UBPROP_0000008: All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium
UBPROP_0000012: this is_a hip bone in MA.
has db xref: Ilium (bone)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0020889
has db xref: Ilium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182029005
has db xref: AAO:0000772
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2200
has db xref: EFO:0003049
has db xref: EMAPA:18726
has db xref: FMA:16589
has db xref: GAID:207
has db xref: MA:0001336
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.611.434
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvhwFJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0020889
has db xref: galen:Ilium
has exact synonym: iliac bone
has exact synonym: ilium bone
has exact synonym: os iliacum
has exact synonym: os ilii
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: illium
id: UBERON:0001273
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0007830
subclass of: UBERON_0008202
subclass of: UBERON_0015054
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010714
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007832
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0007830
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: innominate bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007832
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015054
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

ischium
definition: Endochondral bone that is paired, forming the posterior part of the pelvis, articulating with the pubis and ilium.
UBPROP_0000001: Paired bones of endochondral origin that constitute the posterior elements of the pelvic girdle. They are synostotically fused to each other and form the posterior part of the acetabulum.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000007: ischial
UBPROP_0000012: this is_a hip bone in MA; in FMA it is a zone of bone organ.
has db xref: Ischium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022122
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182025004
has db xref: AAO:0000860
has db xref: EMAPA:18727
has db xref: FMA:16592
has db xref: GAID:208
has db xref: MA:0001337
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.611.548
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlzMKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0022122
has db xref: VSAO:0005006
has db xref: galen:Ischium
has exact synonym: ischial bone
has exact synonym: ischium bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: os ischii
id: UBERON:0001274
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0007830
subclass of: UBERON_0008202
subclass of: UBERON_0015056
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: innominate bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006254
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0007830
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007832
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007832
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015056
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

pubis
definition: A paired endochondral bone making up the anteroventral region of the tripartite pelvic girdle forming part of the ventral edge of the acetabulum. The origin site of many proximal hindlimb muscles. [PHENOSCAPE:ad].
UBPROP_0000001: Paired, cartilaginous (ocassionally calcified) elements that form the ventral portion of the pelvic girdle. Each is located ventral to the acetabulum between the anteroventral margin of the ischium and the posteroventral margin of the illium. When the element calcifies or ossifies, its articulation with adjacent elements is difficult to distinguish. Both pubes are synchondrotically fused to one another.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000012: isa bone zone in FMA
has db xref: Pubis (bone)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0034014
has db xref: Pubic Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182035005
has db xref: AAO:0000861
has db xref: EMAPA:18728
has db xref: FMA:16595
has db xref: MA:0001338
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.611.781
has db xref: UMLS:C0034014
has db xref: galen:Pubis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: os pubis
has related synonym: pubic bone
has related synonym: pubis bone
id: UBERON:0001275
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0007830
subclass of: UBERON_0008202
subclass of: UBERON_0015055
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007832
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010718
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007832
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: innominate bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0007830
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015055
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

epithelium of stomach
definition: The epithelial layer of the stomach .
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/64977002
has db xref: BTO:0000500
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2068
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001918
has db xref: EMAPA:17023
has db xref: FMA:17091
has db xref: MA:0001610
has db xref: VHOG:0001433
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of stomach
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of ventriculus
has exact synonym: epithelium of ventriculus
has exact synonym: stomach epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: stomach epithelium
has exact synonym: ventriculus epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: ventriculus epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: gastric epithelium
id: UBERON:0001276
type: Class
subclass of: simple columnar epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0003350
subclass of: UBERON_0004808
subclass of: UBERON_0015833
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mucosa of stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: mucosa of stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: stomach
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: stomach

intestinal epithelium
definition: The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479)
UBPROP_0000001: Simple columnar epithelium that lines the intestine, sometimes pseudostratified, with absorptive brush-border cells and mucous goblet cells clearly visible. Crosnier et al. 2005[TAO]
has db xref: Intestinal epithelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226890
has db xref: Intestinal Epithelium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/266135004
has db xref: BTO:0000781
has db xref: EMAPA:32873
has db xref: FMA:17229
has db xref: MA:0001536
has db xref: TAO:0005124
has db xref: UMLS:C0226890
has db xref: ZFA:0005124
has exact synonym: bowel epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: bowel epithelium
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of bowel
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of intestine
has exact synonym: epithelium of bowel
has exact synonym: epithelium of intestine
has exact synonym: intestine epithelial tissue
has narrow synonym: villous epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intestine epithelium
id: UBERON:0001277
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: simple columnar epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0003350
subclass of: UBERON_0003929
subclass of: UBERON_0004808
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: intestinal mucosa
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: intestine

epithelium of large intestine
definition: An epithelium that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2105
has db xref: EMAPA:35466
has db xref: FMA:17301
has db xref: MA:0001545
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of large intestine
has exact synonym: large intestinal epithelium
has exact synonym: large intestine epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: large intestine epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001278
type: Class
subclass of: intestinal epithelium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: large intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mucosa of large intestine
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: large intestine

portal triad
definition: the three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel
UBPROP_0000013: The misnomer 'portal triad' traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver.
has db xref: Portal triad
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227514
has db xref: Portal Triad
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362192000
has db xref: FMA:17523
has db xref: MA:0002499
has db xref: UMLS:C0227514
has exact synonym: trias hepatica
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: trias hepatica
id: UBERON:0001279
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: portal lobule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hepatic acinus

liver parenchyma
definition: The functional units of the liver including the lobules.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: the (liver) tubular structure (dual layered parenchyma) appears to be conserved among all embryonic vertebrates (...) it is not unlikely that all vertebrate livers share the same fundamental functional unit.[well established][VHOG]
has alternative id: UBERON:0003223
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0736268
has db xref: Hepatic Tissue
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/363535004
has db xref: AAO:0010405
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001004
has db xref: EHDAA:2201
has db xref: EMAPA:17203
has db xref: FMA:17540
has db xref: MA:0000366
has db xref: VHOG:0000539
has db xref: XAO:0000454
has exact synonym: hepatic parenchyma
has exact synonym: liver parenchyme
has exact synonym: parenchyma of liver
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: hepatic parenchyme
id: UBERON:0001280
type: Class
subclass of: parenchyma
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002107
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002107
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005171
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0008835
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: parenchyma
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002107

hepatic sinusoid
definition: Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG]
has alternative id: UBERON:0003275
has db xref: Hepatic sinusoid
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227523
has db xref: Hepatic Sinusoid
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/67435004
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000999
has db xref: EMAPA:17365
has db xref: FMA:17543
has db xref: MA:0000367
has db xref: TAO:0005091
has db xref: UMLS:C0227523
has db xref: VHOG:0000708
has db xref: ZFA:0005091
has exact synonym: liver hepatic sinusoids
has exact synonym: liver sinusoid
has exact synonym: liver sinusoidal blood vessel
has exact synonym: sinusoid of liver
has exact synonym: sinusoidal blood vessel of liver
has exact synonym: vas capillare sinusoideum
has exact synonym: vas sinusoideum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: hepatic sinusoids
id: UBERON:0001281
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003909
subclass of: UBERON_0005911
subclass of: UBERON_0015796
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004647
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002107
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_in
  some values from: lobe of liver
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006877
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0004647
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003909
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002107

intralobular bile duct
definition: the tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule
editor note: Note that this is part of the intrahepatic bile duct in MA, as this class is more alike the tree in FMA. Note also that SCT has canal of Hering and Entire IBduct as the only sibling terms under 'Structure of intralobular bile duct' (i.e. the CoH is the only part of the entire IBduct)
has db xref: Canals of Hering
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227517
has db xref: Canal of Hering
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/227002
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/269922006
has db xref: FMA:17545
has db xref: MA:0002669
has db xref: UMLS:C0227517
has exact synonym: canal of Herring
has exact synonym: cholangiole
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: canal of Hering
has related synonym: canals of Hering
has related synonym: duct of Herring
has related synonym: intrahepatic bile ductule
id: UBERON:0001282
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003704
subclass of: UBERON_0014716
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hepatic acinus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0004647
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004647

bile canaliculus
definition: Fine tubular canals running between liver cells, throughout the parenchyma, usually occurring singly between each adjacent pair of cells, and forming a three-dimensional network of polyhedral meshes, with a single cell in each mesh[BTO]. A thin tube that collects bile secreted by hepatocytes. The bile canaliculi merge and form bile ductules, which eventually become common hepatic duct. Hepatocytes are polyhedral in shape, therefore having no set shape or design. They have surfaces facing the sinusoids, (called sinusoidal faces) and surfaces which contact other hepatocytes, (called lateral faces). Bile canaliculi are formed by grooves on some of the lateral faces of these hepatocytes. Microvilli are present in the canaliculi but are sparse. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Bile canaliculus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0005393
has db xref: Bile Canaliculus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/270023005
has db xref: BTO:0002841
has db xref: FMA:17547
has db xref: MA:0002495
has db xref: MESH:A03.159.183.158.125
has db xref: TAO:0005163
has db xref: UMLS:C0005393
has db xref: ZFA:0005163
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bile canaliculi
has related synonym: bile capillary
has related synonym: biliary canaliculus
id: UBERON:0001283
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical space
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hepatic acinus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005452
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004647
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0004647
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002394

renal column
definition: A column of tissue that is histologically identical to tissue found in the renal cortex, but which is located in the medulla between the renal pyramids.
editor note: Check part_of location against textual definition
has broad synonym: cortical column
has db xref: Renal column
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0736346
has db xref: Cortical Column
has db xref: FMA:17633
has db xref: MA:0001651
has exact synonym: column of Bertini
has exact synonym: kidney column
has exact synonym: renal column of Bertini
has exact synonym: renal cortical column
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: columnae renales
id: UBERON:0001284
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002189

nephron
definition: The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP]
editor note: kidney terms require review for cross-vertebrate compatibility and developmental relationships.
UBPROP_0000001: Functional unit of the kidney that filters waste.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000008: In the avian kidney, three types of nephron are identified: mammalian-type nephrons with long and short loops of Henle, and reptilian type nephrons (Gambaryan, 1992)
has db xref: Nephron
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027713
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361337001
has db xref: BTO:0000924
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1312
has db xref: EMAPA:28491
has db xref: EMAPA:35592
has db xref: EV:0100384
has db xref: FMA:17640
has db xref: GAID:428
has db xref: MA:0000375
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736
has db xref: TAO:0002153
has db xref: UMLS:C0027713
has db xref: ZFA:0005282
has narrow synonym: mature nephron
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nephroneum
has related synonym: tubulus renalis
id: UBERON:0001285
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004208
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007684
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0010532

Bowman's space
definition: A narrow chalice-shaped cavity between the glomerular and capsular epithelium of the glomerular capsule of the kidney[TFD]. Between the visceral and parietal layers, into which the filtrate enters after passing through the podocytes' filtration slits[WP]. luminal region between the glomerular capsule visceral and parietal layers, into which filtrate enters after passing through the filtration barrier from the glomerular capillaries[MP]
editor note: TODO - fix ZFA
UBPROP_0000001: Space between the renal glomerulus and the glomerular capsule. Renal filtrate collects here then passes into the renal tubule.[TAO]
has db xref: Bowman's space
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227643
has db xref: Urinary Space
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244284006
has db xref: EMAPA:27985
has db xref: EMAPA:28263
has db xref: FMA:17676
has db xref: MA:0001664
has db xref: TAO:0005283
has db xref: TAO:0005312
has db xref: UMLS:C0227643
has db xref: ZFA:0005283
has db xref: ZFA:0005312
has exact synonym: bowman's space
has exact synonym: capsular space
has exact synonym: glomerular capsule space
has exact synonym: glomerular urinary space
has exact synonym: inter-glomerular space
has exact synonym: pronephric capsular space
has exact synonym: renal capsular space
has exact synonym: urinary space
has exact synonym: urinary space of renal corpuscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bowmanb%s space
id: UBERON:0001286
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical space
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: glomerular capsule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: glomerular capsule

proximal convoluted tubule
definition: The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule.
UBPROP_0000001: Renal tubule that connects to the renal corpuscle.[TAO]
has db xref: Proximal convoluted tubule
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1514580
has db xref: Proximal Convoluted Tube
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362220008
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2198
has db xref: EMAPA:28287
has db xref: EV:0100388
has db xref: FMA:17693
has db xref: MA:0001669
has db xref: TAO:0005290
has db xref: UMLS:C1514580
has db xref: ZFA:0005290
has exact synonym: proximal convoluted renal tubule
has exact synonym: tubulus contortus proximalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: 1st convoluted tubule
has related synonym: PCT
has related synonym: first convoluted tubule
has related synonym: kidney proximal convoluted tubule
has related synonym: renal proximal convoluted tubule
has related synonym: tubulus contortus proximalis
has related synonym: tubulus convolutus proximalis
id: UBERON:0001287
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006534
subclass of: UBERON_0006853
subclass of: UBERON_0008404
subclass of: UBERON_0012275
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004134
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: glomerular capsule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003220
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: nephron tubule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: proximal straight tubule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cortex of kidney

loop of Henle
definition: the section of the renal tubule in the kidney medulla with a hairpin bend; consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb, and is situated between the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule; it functions to reabsorb water and ions from the urine
editor note: the definitions of some kidney parts (e.g. proximal straight tubule) refer to Henle's loop, even in species where this may not be present. Requires review.
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 8353
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 8782
UBPROP_0000001: A highly specialized segment of the mammalian kidney tubules, that dips into the medulla. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, p.648, see_Liem_KF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: The structure differs considerably between species; there is a definite physical loop of Henle in the mammalian and avian renal systems but this seems to be absent in Xenopus. However, homologs of some, but not all, molecular markers (e.g. cldn8 and clcnk) of the mammalian loop of Henle were found to be present in the pronephros of the frog larva .
UBPROP_0000009: The loop of Henle plays an important role in creating a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney. It is involved in reabsorption of filtered water and ions including sodium, potassium and calcium, and independently regulates both the volume and osmolarity of body fluids.
has db xref: Loop of Henle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0023986
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361335009
has db xref: BTO:0004608
has db xref: EMAPA:19280
has db xref: EV:0100390
has db xref: FMA:17698
has db xref: GAID:437
has db xref: MA:0001675
has db xref: MESH:A05.810.453.736.560.610
has db xref: UMLS:C0023986
has db xref: VHOG:0001270
has exact synonym: Henle loop
has exact synonym: ansa nephroni
has exact synonym: henle's loop
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001288
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007685
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: proximal convoluted tubule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: nephron tubule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: distal convoluted tubule
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007685
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: continuous_with
    some values from: proximal convoluted tubule
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: continuous_with
    some values from: distal convoluted tubule

descending limb of loop of Henle
definition: the portion of the renal tubule that constitutes the proximal part of the loop of Henle, has low permeability to ions and urea, and is highly permeable to water; it consists of an initial short thick segment lined by low simple cuboidal epithelium and a long thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium; however, this distinction is not as important physiologically as in the ascending limb, so often the two are treated as one structure
has broad synonym: descending limb
has db xref: Descending limb of loop of henle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227657
has db xref: Descending Limb of the Henle s Loop
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245350001
has db xref: EMAPA:35511
has db xref: FMA:17705
has db xref: MA:0001679
has db xref: UMLS:C0227657
has exact synonym: descending limb of Henle's loop
has exact synonym: loop of Henle descending limb
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001289
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007685
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: loop of Henle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: loop of Henle

proximal straight tubule
definition: The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.
editor note: TODO - is S3 exactly coincident with PST? todo - ensure relationships work across species (loop of Henle)
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of the renal tubule which is just posterior to the proximal convoluted tubule.[TAO]
has alternative id: UBERON:0005166
has db xref: Proximal straight tubule
has db xref: BTO:0000055
has db xref: EMAPA:29661
has db xref: EMAPA:29669
has db xref: FMA:17716
has db xref: MA:0002614
has db xref: TAO:0005291
has db xref: ZFA:0005291
has exact synonym: S3
has exact synonym: thick descending limb of proximal tubule
has exact synonym: tubulus rectus proximalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pars recta
has related synonym: pars recta tubuli renalis
has related synonym: proximal tubule segment 3
has related synonym: segment 3 of proximal tubule
id: UBERON:0001290
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006853
subclass of: UBERON_0008404
subclass of: UBERON_0009035
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006542
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: descending limb of loop of Henle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: UBERON_0005096
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: proximal convoluted tubule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004134

thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
definition: the distal sub-portion of the ascending loop of Henle which is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and enters the renal cortex to empty a hypotonic filtrate into the distal convoluted tubule
editor note: TODO - thick/thin check. Also - does the loop of Henle overlap the distal convoluted tubule? FMA divides DCT into straight and convoluted portions
has db xref: Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244953001
has db xref: EMAPA:28396
has db xref: EMAPA:29671
has db xref: EMAPA:35512
has db xref: FMA:17722
has db xref: MA:0001677
has exact synonym: ascending thick limb
has exact synonym: distal straight tubule
has exact synonym: loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment
has exact synonym: straight portion of distal convoluted renal tubule
has exact synonym: straight portion of distal convoluted tubule
has exact synonym: thick ascending limb
has exact synonym: thick ascending limb of Henle's loop
has exact synonym: thick ascending limb of distal tubule
has exact synonym: tubulus rectus distalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: tubulus rectus distalis
id: UBERON:0001291
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008408
subclass of: UBERON_0009035
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0005164
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005164
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004135

distal convoluted tubule
definition: The first segment of the nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa.
UBPROP_0000001: a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system[Wikipedia:Distal_convoluted_tubule].
UBPROP_0000009: in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter.
has db xref: Distal convoluted tubule
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022676
has db xref: Distal Convoluted Tubule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361336005
has db xref: EMAPA:28393
has db xref: EV:0100389
has db xref: FMA:17721
has db xref: MA:0001666
has db xref: UMLS:C0022676
has exact synonym: distal convoluted renal tubule
has exact synonym: tubulus contortus distalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: second convoluted tubule
has related synonym: tubulus contortus distalis
has related synonym: tubulus convolutus distalis
id: UBERON:0001292
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006534
subclass of: UBERON_0006853
subclass of: UBERON_0008408
subclass of: UBERON_0012275
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cortex of kidney
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004135
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: nephron tubule
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003220

outer medulla of kidney
definition: The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla[GO].
has db xref: BTO:0001746
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0508
has db xref: EMAPA:28310
has db xref: FMA:17733
has db xref: MA:0001653
has exact synonym: outer renal medulla
has exact synonym: outer zone of medulla of kidney
has exact synonym: outer zone of renal medulla
has exact synonym: renal outer medulla
has exact synonym: zona externa (medullaris renalis)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: kidney outer medulla
has related synonym: set of outer region of renal pyramids
id: UBERON:0001293
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: renal medulla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: renal medulla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002113

inner medulla of kidney
definition: Innermost region of the mammalian kidney.
UBPROP_0000008: unique to mammals
has db xref: BTO:0001745
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0506
has db xref: EMAPA:28349
has db xref: FMA:17734
has db xref: MA:0001652
has exact synonym: inner renal medulla
has exact synonym: inner zone of medulla of kidney
has exact synonym: inner zone of renal medulla
has exact synonym: renal inner medulla
has exact synonym: set of inner region of renal pyramids
has exact synonym: zona interna (medullaris renalis)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: kidney inner medulla
id: UBERON:0001294
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: renal medulla
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: renal medulla

endometrium
definition: the glandular mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the estrous/menstrual cycle and during pregnancy
UBPROP_0000001: The mucous membrane lining the uterus. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The maternal part of the placenta (of eutherian mammals) is the vascularized and glandular uterine lining, or endometrium.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: endometrial
UBPROP_0000008: Animals that have estrous cycles reabsorb the endometrium if conception does not occur during that cycle. Animals that have menstrual cycles shed the endometrium through menstruation instead
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA this is subdivided into basal and outer
has db xref: Endometrium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0014180
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278867007
has db xref: BTO:0001422
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0276
has db xref: EFO:0000980
has db xref: EMAPA:29917
has db xref: EV:0100115
has db xref: FMA:17742
has db xref: GAID:377
has db xref: MA:0000390
has db xref: MAT:0000319
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319.679.490
has db xref: MIAA:0000319
has db xref: UMLS:C0014180
has db xref: VHOG:0001285
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa (endometrium)
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa uteri
has exact synonym: uterine endometrium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: uterine mucosa
has related synonym: uterine mucous membrane
id: UBERON:0001295
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0019042
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: uterine wall
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: uterus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: uterus
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: uterus

myometrium
definition: the smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ and surrounds and supports the endometrium
UBPROP_0000001: The muscular wall of the uterus. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: In all mammals, the uterus develops as a specialization of the paramesonephric or Müllerian ducts, which gives rise to the infundibula, oviducts, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina. Morphogenetic events common to development of all uteri include: 1) differentiation and growth of the myometrium, 2) differentiation and morphogenesis of the endometrial glands, and 3) organization and stratification of endometrial stroma. Uterine development is initiated in the fetus, but is only completed postnatally with differentiation and development of the endometrial glands.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: myometrial
UBPROP_0000009: The myometrium stretches (the smooth muscle cells expand in both size and number) during pregnancy to allow for the harboring of the pregnancy, and contracts in a coordinated fashion during the process of labor. After delivery the myometrium contracts to expel the placenta and reduce blood loss.
has db xref: Myometrium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027088
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279879004
has db xref: BTO:0000907
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0652
has db xref: EFO:0001970
has db xref: EMAPA:29923
has db xref: EV:0100116
has db xref: FMA:17743
has db xref: GAID:171
has db xref: MA:0000391
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.570.500
has db xref: MeSH:D009215
has db xref: UMLS:C0027088
has db xref: VHOG:0001281
has exact synonym: tunica muscularis (myometrium)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: tunica muscularis
has related synonym: uterine myometrium
has related synonym: uterine smooth muscle
id: UBERON:0001296
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: UBERON_0018260
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: serosa of uterus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: smooth muscle tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: endometrium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: uterine wall
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: uterus

serosa of uterus
definition: Outer serosa layer of the uterus.
editor note: TODO - check for parallel structure with peritoneum
has db xref: Perimetrium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227824
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/253705006
has db xref: FMA:17744
has db xref: MA:0001729
has db xref: UMLS:C0227824
has exact synonym: perimetrium
has exact synonym: serous coat of uterus
has exact synonym: serous membrane of uterus
has exact synonym: tunica serosa (perimetrium)
has exact synonym: tunica serosa uteri
has exact synonym: uterine serosa
has exact synonym: uterus serosa
has exact synonym: uterus serous membrane
has exact synonym: visceral peritoneum of uterus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001297
type: Class
subclass of: serous membrane
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: uterus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: uterine wall
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: serous membrane
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: uterus

psoas major muscle
definition: The psoas major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the side of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis. It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas. In less than 50 per cent of subjects the psoas major is accompanied by the psoas minor. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Psoas major muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224419
has db xref: Psoas Major
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244952006
has db xref: BTO:0001877
has db xref: EMAPA:18169
has db xref: FMA:18060
has db xref: MA:0002358
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwU5ZfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0224419
has exact synonym: psoas major
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: m. psoas major
id: UBERON:0001298
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008450
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0009624
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002504

glans penis
definition: the conic expansion of the corpus spongiosum that forms the head of the penis
sexually homologous to: UBERON_0006653
has broad synonym: glans
has db xref: Glans penis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227948
has db xref: Glans Penis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263378009
has db xref: BTO:0003118
has db xref: EMAPA:18988
has db xref: EV:0100108
has db xref: FMA:18247
has db xref: GAID:0000012
has db xref: MA:0002726
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCpE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0227948
has db xref: VHOG:0001475
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: balanus
has related synonym: coronal sulcus
id: UBERON:0001299
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: penis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: penis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0013239

scrotum
definition: the external sac of skin that encloses the testes. It is an extension of the abdomen, and in placentals is located between the penis and anus.
UBPROP_0000007: scrotal
UBPROP_0000008: In elephants the testes remain in the abdomen
UBPROP_0000008: In hedgehogs the testes remain in the inguinal canal
UBPROP_0000008: In humans and some other mammals, the base of the scrotum becomes covered with pubic hair at puberty
UBPROP_0000008: In marsupials, the scrotum is not homologous to the eutherian scrotum, and development is under the control of X-linked genes, not androgens
UBPROP_0000008: In marsupials, the scrotum is positioned in the caudal area of the abdomen, in the same position as the pouch in females. It has been suggested that the pouch and marsupial scrotum are sexual homologs, but it is more likely they arise from different primordia in the same morphogenetic field
UBPROP_0000008: The scrotum of marsupials is not homologous with the scrotum of mammals[ISBN:113945742X]
has db xref: Scrotum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036471
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/265794003
has db xref: BTO:0003098
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2341
has db xref: EMAPA:19296
has db xref: FMA:18252
has db xref: GAID:393
has db xref: MA:0000409
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.444.661
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwUC_upwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0036471
has db xref: galen:Scrotum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001300
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0011756
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004053

epididymis
definition: the elongated structure connected to the posterior surface of the testis that transports, stores, and matures spermatozoa between testis and vas deferens
editor note: Kardong has epididymis in elasmobranch
UBPROP_0000007: epididymal
UBPROP_0000008: A similar, but probably non-homologous, structure is found in cartilaginous fishes
UBPROP_0000010: Typically divided into three main regions. In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis, which receives the various efferent ducts. This is, however, absent in all birds and mammals. The epididymis is covered by a two layered pseudostratified epithelium. The epithelium is separated by a basement membrane from the connective tissue wall which has smooth muscle cells.
has db xref: Epididymis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0014533
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181432000
has db xref: BTO:0000408
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0285
has db xref: EFO:0000982
has db xref: EMAPA:19290
has db xref: EV:0100103
has db xref: FMA:18255
has db xref: GAID:397
has db xref: MA:0000397
has db xref: MAT:0000130
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.444.849.286
has db xref: MIAA:0000130
has db xref: UMLS:C0014533
has db xref: VHOG:0001265
has db xref: galen:Epididymis
has exact synonym: epididymus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Nebenhoden@ge
id: UBERON:0001301
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005904
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0004054
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006947
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003074
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: vas deferens
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: UBERON_0006946

right uterine tube
definition: A fallopian tube that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition].
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
UBPROP_0000008: non-functional in monotremes[ISBN-13:978-0226870137]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227900
has db xref: Right Fallopian Tube
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280106006
has db xref: FMA:18483
has db xref: MA:0001717
has db xref: UMLS:C0227900
has exact synonym: right fallopian tube
has exact synonym: right oviduct
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001302
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003889
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_right_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003889
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in_right_side_of
    some values from: multicellular organism

left uterine tube
definition: A fallopian tube that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227902
has db xref: Left Fallopian Tube
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280107002
has db xref: FMA:18484
has db xref: MA:0001716
has db xref: UMLS:C0227902
has exact synonym: left fallopian tube
has exact synonym: left oviduct
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001303
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003889
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_left_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003889
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in_left_side_of
    some values from: multicellular organism

germinal epithelium of ovary
definition: layer of simple cuboidal cells covering surface of ovary[WP].
has db xref: Germinal epithelium (female)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227875
has db xref: Ovarian Surface Epithelium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/258308007
has db xref: BTO:0004483
has db xref: EHDAA:8126
has db xref: EMAPA:17963
has db xref: FMA:18629
has db xref: MA:0001711
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001361
has db xref: UMLS:C0227875
has db xref: VHOG:0000630
has exact synonym: epithelium superficiale (ovarium)
has exact synonym: germinal epithelium (female)
has exact synonym: ovarian surface epithelium
has exact synonym: ovary germinal epithelium
has exact synonym: surface epithelium of ovary
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: female coelomic epithelium
has related synonym: ovary surface epithelium
id: UBERON:0001304
type: Class
comment: Controversial - see article. Requires expert input. Also check BTO placement
subclass of: simple cuboidal epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0004911
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: capsule of ovary
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: simple cuboidal epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: capsule of ovary

ovarian follicle
definition: A spherical aggregation of cells in the ovary that contains a single oocyte[WP,modified].
editor note: TODO - align subtypes based on staging, which is taxon-specific
UBPROP_0000001: Oocyte development of zebrafish has been divided into five stages based on morphological criteria and on physiological and biochemical events. Stage I follicles (less than 140 microns) are primary growth stage, stage II follicles (140-340 microns) are cortical alveolus stage, stage III (340-690 microns) are vitellogenesis, stage IV (690-730 microns) are oocyte maturation, and stage V follicles are matured egg. Selman et al, 1993.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte in humans. These eggs/ova are only developed once every menstrual cycle (e.g. once a month in humans)
has db xref: Ovarian follicle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0018120
has db xref: Ovarian Follicle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361111009
has db xref: BTO:0000475
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0726
has db xref: EMAPA:35627
has db xref: FMA:18640
has db xref: GAID:371
has db xref: MA:0001707
has db xref: MAT:0000449
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319.114.630.535
has db xref: TAO:0001110
has db xref: UMLS:C0018120
has db xref: VHOG:0001536
has db xref: ZFA:0001110
has exact synonym: follicle of ovary
has exact synonym: follicle of ovary viewed macroscopically
has exact synonym: ovary follicle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: egg follicle
has related synonym: folliculi ovarici primarii
has related synonym: folliculi ovarici vesiculosi
id: UBERON:0001305
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: follicular fluid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005296
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: female gonad

cumulus oophorus
definition: At one part of the mature follicle, the cells of the membrana granulosa are collected into a mass which projects into the cavity of the follicle. This cluster of cells is termed the cumulus oophorus (Latin cumulus=heap, Greek oo=egg + phorus=carrying) discus proligerus, and it is released with the embedded oocyte during ovulation. In order for fertilization to occur this layer must be penetrated by the spermatocyte. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Cumulus oophorus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/258586009
has db xref: EMAPA:35267
has db xref: FMA:18659
has db xref: MA:0002414
has exact synonym: cumulus ovaricus
has exact synonym: discus proligerus
has exact synonym: ovarian cumulus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001306
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ovarian follicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005170

capsule of ovary
definition: A capsule that surrounds a female gonad.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227877
has db xref: Ovarian Capsule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/258491008
has db xref: EMAPA:35626
has db xref: FMA:18662
has db xref: MA:0001706
has db xref: UMLS:C0227877
has exact synonym: ovarian capsule
has exact synonym: ovary capsule
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001307
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003893
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bounding layer of
  some values from: female gonad
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003893
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bounding layer of
    some values from: female gonad

external iliac artery
definition: The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: External iliac artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226398
has db xref: External Iliac Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181352000
has db xref: BTO:0004666
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000463
has db xref: EHDAA:4337
has db xref: EMAPA:17614
has db xref: FMA:18805
has db xref: MA:0001973
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvkh47pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226398
has db xref: galen:ExternalIliacArtery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria iliaca externa
id: UBERON:0001308
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005609
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: common iliac artery

internal iliac artery
definition: The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Internal iliac artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226364
has db xref: Internal Iliac Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181346001
has db xref: BTO:0004667
has db xref: EMAPA:17860
has db xref: FMA:18808
has db xref: MA:0001974
has db xref: UMLS:C0226364
has db xref: galen:InternalIliacArtery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria iliaca interna
has related synonym: hypogastric artery
id: UBERON:0001309
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005609
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: common iliac artery

umbilical artery
definition: The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: todo - compare with EHDAA2. Check embryonic vs extraembryonic, developmental relationships
has db xref: Umbilical artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0041632
has db xref: Umbilical Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/261404000
has db xref: BTO:0000841
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1077
has db xref: EHDAA:1026
has db xref: EHDAA:410
has db xref: EMAPA:16331
has db xref: EMAPA:16372
has db xref: FMA:18820
has db xref: GAID:516
has db xref: MA:0002072
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.929
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rCWdhMGWbEd2AAABQjYGu0g
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002106
has db xref: UMLS:C0041632
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: a. umbilicalis
id: UBERON:0001310
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: UBERON_0010260
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002331

inferior vesical artery
definition: The inferior vesical artery is an artery in the pelvis that supplies the lower part of the bladder. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Inferior vesical artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226377
has db xref: Inferior Vesical Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/43210002
has db xref: FMA:18823
has db xref: MA:0002079
has db xref: UMLS:C0226377
has exact synonym: arteria vesicali inferior
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria vesicalis inferior
id: UBERON:0001311
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003468
subclass of: UBERON_0005192
subclass of: UBERON_0009027
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002367
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006082
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: ureter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: vas deferens
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: seminal vesicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0006082

superior vesical artery
definition: The superior vesical artery supplies numerous branches to the upper part of the bladder. From one of these a slender vessel, the artery to the ductus deferens, takes origin and accompanies the duct in its course to the testis, where it anastomoses with the internal spermatic artery. Other branches supply the ureter. The first part of the superior vesical artery represents the terminal section of the previous portion of the umbilical artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Superior vesical artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226376
has db xref: Superior Vesical Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/113268007
has db xref: FMA:18839
has db xref: MA:0002080
has db xref: UMLS:C0226376
has exact synonym: arteria vesicalis superior
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteriae vesicales superiores
id: UBERON:0001312
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003513
subclass of: UBERON_0009027
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: urinary bladder

iliolumbar artery
definition: The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Iliolumbar artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226367
has db xref: Iliolumbar Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/113267002
has db xref: FMA:18845
has db xref: MA:0001976
has db xref: UMLS:C0226367
has exact synonym: ilio-lumbar artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria iliolumbalis
id: UBERON:0001313
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

obturator artery
definition: The obturator artery passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Obturator artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226369
has db xref: Obturator Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244302006
has db xref: FMA:18865
has db xref: MA:0002008
has db xref: UMLS:C0226369
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria obturatoria
id: UBERON:0001314
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

superior gluteal artery
definition: The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Superior gluteal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226371
has db xref: Gluteal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181354004
has db xref: FMA:18868
has db xref: MA:0002054
has db xref: UMLS:C0226371
has exact synonym: arteria glutealis superior
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria glutea superior
id: UBERON:0001315
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: musculature

external iliac vein
definition: A large vein that connects the femoral vein to the common iliac vein. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,modified].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: External iliac vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226761
has db xref: External Iliac Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181400000
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000464
has db xref: FMA:18883
has db xref: MA:0002144
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQUYtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226761
has db xref: galen:ExternalIliacVein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena iliaca externa
id: UBERON:0001316
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005610
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002103

internal iliac vein
definition: A vein that begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Internal iliac vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226764
has db xref: Internal Iliac Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181399007
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000874
has db xref: FMA:18884
has db xref: MA:0002145
has db xref: UMLS:C0226764
has db xref: VHOG:0000749
has db xref: galen:InternalIliacVein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: v. hypogastrica
has related synonym: v. iliaca interna
id: UBERON:0001317
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005610
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0005179

inferior vesical vein
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: FMA:18890
has db xref: MA:0002264
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001318
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002460
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: internal iliac vein

vaginal vein
definition: The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Vaginal venous plexus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/424336009
has db xref: FMA:18899
has db xref: MA:0002251
has exact synonym: vagina vein
has exact synonym: vein of vagina
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001319
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vagina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: internal iliac vein
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: vagina

iliolumbar vein
definition: The iliolumbar vein is the vena comitans of the iliolumbar artery. The obturator nerve crosses superficial to it. A single vein is found more commonly than a double vein. It drains vertebral segments four and five. It is closely related to the ascending lumbar vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Iliolumbar vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226760
has db xref: Iliolumbar Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/286793006
has db xref: FMA:18902
has db xref: MA:0002146
has db xref: UMLS:C0226760
has exact synonym: ilio-lumbar vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena iliolumbalis
id: UBERON:0001320
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: internal iliac vein

obturator vein
definition: The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter and the hypogastric artery, to end in the hypogastric vein. It has an anterior and posterior branch (similar to obturator artery). [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Obturator veins
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226776
has db xref: Obturator Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/20146009
has db xref: FMA:18914
has db xref: MA:0002183
has db xref: UMLS:C0226776
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001321
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: internal iliac vein

sciatic nerve
definition: The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body. The sciatic supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. In humans, it is derived from spinal nerves L4 through S3. It contains fibres from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus. [WP,edited].
UBPROP_0000008: mouse sciatic nerve origins predominantly from the third lumbar (L3) and L4 spinal nerves, unlike the L4 and L5 in rats - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700063/
has db xref: Sciatic nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036394
has db xref: Sciatic Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 1133
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181050003
has db xref: BTO:0001221
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0899
has db xref: EFO:0001417
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001779
has db xref: EHDAA:5659
has db xref: EMAPA:18577
has db xref: FMA:19034
has db xref: GAID:852
has db xref: MA:0001172
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450.760
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7MlDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0036394
has db xref: VHOG:0000894
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ischiadic nerve
has related synonym: ischiatic nerve
has related synonym: nervus ischiadicus
has related synonym: nervus sciaticus
id: UBERON:0001322
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: leg
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lumbosacral nerve plexus

tibial nerve
definition: The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot. Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Tibial nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0040186
has db xref: Tibial Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181078002
has db xref: FMA:19035
has db xref: GAID:854
has db xref: MA:0001173
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450.760.820
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwNya8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0040186
has exact synonym: medial popliteal nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: n. tibialis
id: UBERON:0001323
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003431
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: leg

common fibular nerve
definition: A nerve arising at the terminal division of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa and extending to the neck of the fibula, ultimately innervating the Peroneus muscle[MP]. The common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves. It descends obliquely along the lateral side of the popliteal fossa to the head of the fibula, close to the medial margin of the biceps femoris muscle. It lies between the tendon of the biceps femoris and lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, winds around the neck of the fibula, between the peronæus longus and the bone, and divides beneath the muscle into the superficial peroneal nerve (superficial fibular nerve) and deep peroneal nerve (deep fibular nerve). [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Common fibular nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0031173
has db xref: Peroneal Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181077007
has db xref: EFO:0003062
has db xref: FMA:19039
has db xref: GAID:853
has db xref: MA:0001169
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450.760.640
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvwKexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0031173
has exact synonym: common peroneal nerve
has exact synonym: extrernal peroneal nerve
has exact synonym: lateral popliteal nerve
has exact synonym: nervus peroneus communis
has exact synonym: peroneal nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: n. fibularis communis
has related synonym: n. peroneus communis
has related synonym: nervus fibularis communis
id: UBERON:0001324
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003431
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: leg

muscle of pelvis
definition: Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani,
has db xref: EMAPA:18184
has db xref: FMA:19086
has db xref: MA:0000534
has exact synonym: muscle organ of pelvis
has exact synonym: pelvic muscle
has exact synonym: pelvis muscle
has exact synonym: pelvis muscle organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001325
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003833
subclass of: UBERON_0005179
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002355
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002355

levator ani muscle
definition: The Levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis. It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis, and unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the greater part of the floor of the pelvic cavity. It supports the viscera in pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures which pass through it. In combination with the Coccygeus muscle, it forms the pelvic diaphragm. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000008: the levator ani muscle acts to lower the tail, in animals that have one
has db xref: Levator ani
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224384
has db xref: Levator Ani
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181753008
has db xref: EMAPA:19165
has db xref: FMA:19087
has db xref: MA:0002332
has db xref: UMLS:C0224384
has exact synonym: levator ani
has exact synonym: musculus levator ani
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001326
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle of pelvis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002355

coccygeus muscle
definition: The Coccygeus is a muscle of the pelvic wall (i.e. peripheral to the pelvic floor), situated behind the levator ani and in front of the sacrospinous ligament. It is a triangular plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, arising by its apex from the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament, and inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum. It assists the Levator ani and Piriformis in closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Coccygeus muscle
has db xref: FMA:19088
has db xref: MA:0002277
has exact synonym: coccygeus
has exact synonym: ischiococcygeus
has exact synonym: musculus ischiococcygeus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus coccygeus
id: UBERON:0001327
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle of pelvis
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002355
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0009000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0009625

lobe of prostate
definition: A portion of a prostate that forms a lobe.
UBPROP_0000008: Anatomically, the human prostate gland is located between the base of the bladder and the rectum, and it completely surrounds the proximal urethra (Fig. 1A). It is a single alobular structure with central (CZ), peripheral (PZ) and transitional (TZ) zones. In contrast, the mouse prostate is not merged into one compact anatomical structure. It comprises four paired lobes situated circumferentially around the urethra, immediately caudal to the urinary bladder—namely, anterior (AP), dorsal (DP), lateral (LP), and ventral (VP) prostate (Fig. 1B). Often, the dorsal and the lateral lobes are thought of in combination and referred to as the dorsolateral (DLP) lobe as they share a ductal system. The mouse AP is considered analogous to the human CZ, which is rarely a site of neoplastic transformation in humans. The mouse DLP is considered most similar to the human PZ, which is the zone in which most carcinomas arise (Xue et al. 1997). These analogies, however, are limited as they are based solely on descriptive data and need to be re-evaluated using molecular techniques before the relationship between specific mouse prostate lobes and the human prostate zones is definitively asserted (Abate-Shen & Shen 2000). The mouse VP does not have a human homologue, and the human TZ does not have a murine homologue
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227970
has db xref: Prostate Gland Lobe
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279692004
has db xref: BTO:0000548
has db xref: EMAPA:35712
has db xref: FMA:19570
has db xref: MA:0001738
has db xref: UMLS:C0227970
has exact synonym: lobe of prostate gland
has exact synonym: prostate gland lobe
has exact synonym: prostatic lobe
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001328
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: UBERON_0009912
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002367
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0009912
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002367

prostate gland anterior lobe
definition: The prostate lobe that appears as a thin tubular structure, attached to the lesser curvature of the paired seminal vesicles.
editor note: TODO - check - see comments from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15163300
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279693009
has db xref: BTO:0003158
has db xref: EMAPA:29794
has db xref: FMA:19574
has db xref: MA:0002422
has exact synonym: anterior lobe of prostate
has exact synonym: anterior lobe of prostate gland
has exact synonym: commissura prostatae
has exact synonym: commissure of prostate
has exact synonym: isthmus of prostate
has exact synonym: isthmus of prostate gland
has exact synonym: isthmus prostatae
has exact synonym: prostate gland anterior lobe
has exact synonym: prostatic isthmus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior prostate
id: UBERON:0001329
type: Class
subclass of: lobe of prostate

pampiniform plexus
definition: The pampiniform plexus is a network of many small veins found in the human male spermatic cord. It is formed by the union of multiple spermatic veins from the back of the testis and tributaries from the epididymis. The veins of the plexus ascend along the cord in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins. These again unite to form a single vein, the testicular vein, which opens on the right side into the inferior vena cava, at an acute angle, and on the left side into the left renal vein, at a right angle. The pampinoform plexus forms the chief mass of the cord. In addition to its function in venous return from the testes, the pampiniform plexus also plays a role in the temperature regulation of the testes. It acts as a heat exchanger, cooling blood in adjacent arteries. An abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus is a medical condition called varicocele. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Pampiniform venous plexus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279661001
has db xref: FMA:19607
has db xref: MA:0001866
has exact synonym: pampiniform venous plexus
has exact synonym: plexus of veins of fascia of prostate
has exact synonym: plexus venosus pampiniformis
has exact synonym: venous plexus of fascia of prostate
has exact synonym: venous plexus of fascia of prostate gland
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001330
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: venous plexus

skin of penis
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a penis [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/35900000
has db xref: EMAPA:35675
has db xref: FMA:19638
has db xref: MA:0002727
has exact synonym: penile skin
has exact synonym: penis skin
has exact synonym: penis zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of penis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001331
type: Class
subclass of: zone of skin
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: penis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: skin of trunk
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: penis

prepuce of penis
definition: In male human anatomy, the foreskin is a retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect. It is also described as the prepuce, a technically broader term that also includes the clitoral hood in women, to which the foreskin is embryonically homologous. [WP,unvetted].
has broad synonym: prepuce
has broad synonym: preputium
has db xref: Foreskin
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0227952
has db xref: Male Prepuce
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181426005
has db xref: BTO:0001113
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0383
has db xref: EFO:0001664
has db xref: EMAPA:18989
has db xref: EV:0100109
has db xref: FMA:19639
has db xref: MA:0000407
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0227952
has exact synonym: penile prepuce
has exact synonym: prepuce of male
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: foreskin
has related synonym: praeputium
has related synonym: prepucium
id: UBERON:0001332
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011374
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: glans penis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004876
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: penis

male urethra
definition: A urethra that is part of a male reproductive system.
has db xref: Male urethra
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458452
has db xref: Male Urethra
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264085007
has db xref: BTO:0004089
has db xref: EMAPA:18692
has db xref: FMA:19668
has db xref: MA:0002640
has db xref: UMLS:C0458452
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001333
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: urethra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003101
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: urethra
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0003101

female urethra
definition: A urethra that is part of a female reproductive system.
has db xref: Female urethra
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458485
has db xref: Female Urethra
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264469008
has db xref: BTO:0004088
has db xref: EMAPA:28747
has db xref: FMA:19669
has db xref: MA:0002637
has db xref: UMLS:C0458485
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: urethra feminina
has related synonym: urethra muliebris
id: UBERON:0001334
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: urethra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003100
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: urethra
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0003100

prostatic urethra
definition: the widest and most dilatable part of the male urethra canal which runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; this portion of the urethral canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion; it is lined by transitional epithelium and contains in its posterior wall, or floor, the orifices of the prostatic utricle, ejaculatory ducts, and prostatic ducts, collectively known as the seminal colliculus (aka verumontanum)
has db xref: Prostatic urethra
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458450
has db xref: Prostatic Portion of the Male Urethra
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279434009
has db xref: BTO:0003163
has db xref: EMAPA:30942
has db xref: FMA:19673
has db xref: MA:0002646
has db xref: UMLS:C0458450
has exact synonym: male prostatic urethra
has exact synonym: pars prostatica urethrae
has exact synonym: prostatic part of male urethra
has exact synonym: prostatic part of urethra
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pars prostatica urethrae
id: UBERON:0001335
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002367
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: male urethra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: male urethra

membranous urethra of male or female
UBPROP_0000012: MA class sex-neutral
has db xref: MA:0002647
has exact synonym: intermediate part of urethra
has exact synonym: intermediate urethra
has exact synonym: membranous part of urethra
has exact synonym: membranous urethra
has exact synonym: pars intermedia urethrae
has exact synonym: pars membranacea (urethrae)
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001336
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: urethra

spongiose part of urethra
definition: the longest part of the male urethra contained in the corpus spongiosum and extending from the end of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice; commencing below the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm it passes forward and upward to the front of the symphysis pubis; and then, in the flaccid condition of the penis, it bends downward and forward; while narrow and of uniform size in the body of the penis, it is dilated behind, within the bulb, and again anteriorly within the glans penis, where it forms the fossa navicularis urethrae; the spongy urethra is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium proximally, and by stratified squamous epithelium distally
has db xref: Penile urethra
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263341006
has db xref: EMAPA:30944
has db xref: FMA:19675
has db xref: MA:0002643
has exact synonym: cavernous portion of male urethra
has exact synonym: male spongiose urethra
has exact synonym: male spongy urethra
has exact synonym: pars cavernosa urethrae
has exact synonym: pars spongiosa
has exact synonym: pars spongiosa urethrae masculinae
has exact synonym: penile urethra
has exact synonym: spongiose urethra
has exact synonym: spongy urethra (male)
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001337
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: male urethra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: penis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0011183
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: male urethra

urethral gland
definition: Any of the numerous small mucous-secreting glands located in the wall of the male or female urethra that help protect the epithelium from the corrosive urine
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279477005
has db xref: FMA:19683
has db xref: MA:0001688
has exact synonym: gland of urethra
has exact synonym: urethra gland
has exact synonym: urethra gland (male or female)
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001338
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002365
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: urethra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: urethra
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002530
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: urethra

ischiocavernosus muscle
definition: The ischiocavernosus muscle is a muscle just below the surface of the perineum, present in both men and women. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Ischiocavernosus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224401
has db xref: Ischiocavernosus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244975004
has db xref: FMA:19730
has db xref: MA:0002330
has db xref: UMLS:C0224401
has exact synonym: musculus ishiocavernosus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: erector penis
has related synonym: ischiocavernosi
has related synonym: ischiocavernosus
has related synonym: ischiocavernous muscle
has related synonym: ishiocavernosus
has related synonym: ishiocavernosus muscle
id: UBERON:0001339
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002379
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: ischium

dorsal artery of penis
definition: The Dorsal Artery of the Penis ascends between the crus penis and the pubic symphysis, and, piercing the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, passes between the two layers of the suspensory ligament of the penis, and runs forward on the dorsum of the penis to the glans, where it divides into two branches, which supply the glans and prepuce. On the penis, it lies between the dorsal nerve and deep dorsal vein, the former being on its lateral side. It supplies the integument and fibrous sheath of the corpus cavernosum penis, sending branches through the sheath to anastomose with the deep artery of the penis. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Dorsal artery of penis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244294001
has db xref: BTO:0005088
has db xref: FMA:19795
has db xref: MA:0001946
has exact synonym: arteria dorsalis penis
has exact synonym: dorsal penile artery
has exact synonym: dorsal penis artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: dorsal artery of the penis
id: UBERON:0001340
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003835
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: glans penis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: penis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007315
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008320

lesser sac
definition: The lesser sac, also known as the omental bursa, is the cavity in the abdomen that is formed by the lesser and greater omentum. Usually found in mammals, it is connected with the greater sac via the epiploic foramen (also known as the Foramen of Winslow). In mammals, it is not uncommon for the lesser sac to contain considerable amounts of fat. In human anatomy, the wall of the stomach, pancreas and splenic artery are a part of the wall of the lesser sac. If these structures rupture they may leak into the lesser sac. For the stomach, which lies anterior to the omental bursa, the rupture must be on the posterior side; if it were anteriorly located, the leak would collect in the greater sac. The lesser sac is embryologically formed from an infolding of the greater omentum. The open end of the infolding, known as the epiploic foramen, is usually proximal to the stomach. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: The lesser sac of the peritoneum. Part of the peritoneal cavity behind the liver, lesser omentum and stomach. It lies across the transverse mesocolon and extends into the greater omentum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: classified as a cavity in EHDAA2, so this truly corresponds to FMA 'Cavity of lesser sac' - we hedge for now; todo - treat same as greater sac
has db xref: Lesser sac
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0230212
has db xref: Omental Bursa
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001296
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004554
has db xref: EHDAA:2335
has db xref: EMAPA:16889
has db xref: FMA:19800
has db xref: MA:0000445
has db xref: UMLS:C0230212
has db xref: VHOG:0000458
has exact synonym: bursa omentalis
has exact synonym: omental bursa
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001341
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004458
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: peritoneal cavity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002358

mesovarium
definition: The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom[VHOG].
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical structure consisting of a membrane which suspends the ovaries from the mesial side of the kidney.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.560, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]
has db xref: Mesovarium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0230310
has db xref: Mesovarian Ligament
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279914000
has db xref: AAO:0010531
has db xref: EMAPA:17961
has db xref: FMA:19815
has db xref: MA:0003236
has db xref: TAO:0000333
has db xref: UMLS:C0230310
has db xref: VHOG:0001566
has db xref: ZFA:0000333
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mesovarian ligament
id: UBERON:0001342
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002095
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: female gonad

seminiferous tubule of testis
definition: the tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis occurs
UBPROP_0000001: Any of the coiled tubules located in the testes in which spermatozoa are produced.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: One of two or three twisted curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatogenesis occurs. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Frogs among amphibians and the amniotes have males with testes that are composed of seminiferous tubules, which differ from ampullae in being long, highly convoluted ductules.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Seminiferous tubule
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036630
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1519236
has db xref: Seminiferous Cord
has db xref: Seminiferous Tubule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279614002
has db xref: AAO:0010399
has db xref: BTO:0001235
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1239
has db xref: EFO:0001404
has db xref: EMAPA:18685
has db xref: EMAPA:31476
has db xref: EV:0100380
has db xref: FMA:19825
has db xref: GAID:400
has db xref: MA:0000412
has db xref: MAT:0000503
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.444.849.700
has db xref: UMLS:C0036630
has db xref: UMLS:C1519236
has db xref: VHOG:0001363
has db xref: XAO:0003088
has exact synonym: seminiferous cord
has exact synonym: seminiferous tubule
has exact synonym: testis - seminiferous tubule
has exact synonym: tubuli seminiferi
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: tubuli seminiferi
id: UBERON:0001343
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005904
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005297
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: testis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: UBERON_0003959

epithelium of vagina
definition: The epithelial layer of the vagina.
UBPROP_0000012: FMA: nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; BTO: Vaginal epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium having a thickness of 15-200 microns; MA has single subclass (squamous)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0920840
has db xref: Vaginal Epithelium
has db xref: BTO:0000422
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1325
has db xref: EMAPA:30991
has db xref: FMA:19978
has db xref: MA:0001730
has db xref: UMLS:C0920840
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of vagina
has exact synonym: vagina epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: vagina epithelium
has exact synonym: vaginal epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: epithelium, vaginal
id: UBERON:0001344
type: Class
subclass of: multilaminar epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0004804
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: vagina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vagina
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: vagina

obsolete fornix
definition: This class was obsoleted.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
consider: UBERON:0000051
consider: UBERON:0000052
has db xref: Vaginal fornix of brain
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001345
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
deprecated: true

vaginal hymen
definition: A membrane that surrounds or partially covers the vaginal opening.
has broad synonym: hymen
has db xref: Hymen
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0020412
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245473005
has db xref: FMA:20005
has db xref: MA:0002465
has db xref: MESH:A05.360.319.779.479
has db xref: UMLS:C0020412
has exact synonym: hymen of vagina
has exact synonym: hymen vaginae
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: hymen vaginae
has related synonym: vaginal corona
id: UBERON:0001346
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vagina

white adipose tissue
definition: Connective tissue consisting of fat-storing cells and arranged in lobular groups or along minor blood vessels[MP,modified]
UBPROP_0000001: Adipose tissue, cells of which contain a single large lipid droplet.
has db xref: White adipose tissue
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1704223
has db xref: White Adipose Tissue
has db xref: BTO:0001456
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1119
has db xref: EFO:0000813
has db xref: EMAPA:35926
has db xref: FMA:20117
has db xref: MA:0000058
has db xref: MAT:0000199
has db xref: MIAA:0000199
has db xref: UMLS:C1704223
has exact synonym: adipocytus unigutturalis
has exact synonym: textus adiposus albus
has exact synonym: unilocular adipose tissue
has exact synonym: white fat
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: textus adiposus albus
id: UBERON:0001347
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: adipose tissue

brown adipose tissue
definition: A thermogenic form of adipose tissue that is composed of brown adipocytes[MP,modified]
UBPROP_0000001: Adipose tissue, cells of which contain multiple small lipid droplets.[FMA]
has db xref: Brown adipose tissue
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0006298
has db xref: Brown Adipose Tissue
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/15965003
has db xref: BTO:0000156
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0099
has db xref: EFO:0000812
has db xref: EMAPA:19209
has db xref: FMA:20118
has db xref: GAID:921
has db xref: MA:0000057
has db xref: MAT:0000198
has db xref: MESH:A10.165.114.322
has db xref: MIAA:0000198
has db xref: UMLS:C0006298
has exact synonym: adipocytus multigutturalis
has exact synonym: brown fat
has exact synonym: multilocular adipose tissue
has exact synonym: textus adiposus fuscus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: textus adiposus fuscus
id: UBERON:0001348
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: adipose tissue

vestibule
definition: Anatomical cavity that connects an organ cavity, organ cavity subdivision or cavity of body part subdivision to the exterior, completely or partially surrounded by organs or organ parts that are lined by epithelium. Examples: preputial cavity, vestibule of vagina.[FMA]
has db xref: Anatomy
has db xref: FMA:20192
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001349
in subset: non informative
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002553

coccyx
definition: A collection of caudal vertebrae in the coccygeal region that are fused and part of the bony pelvis.
UBPROP_0000001: Small, bony element consisting of several fused, rudimentary caudal vertebrae; near metamorphosis the hypochord fuses to the coccyx, thereby forming the urostyle.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000007: coccygeal
UBPROP_0000008: In humans: The coccyx, commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column. Comprising three to five separate or fused vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae) below the sacrum, it is attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx.
has db xref: Coccyx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0009194
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182028002
has db xref: AAO:0000731
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000259
has db xref: FMA:20229
has db xref: GAID:239
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.834.229
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv1XqHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0009194
has db xref: galen:Coccyx
has exact synonym: coccygeal skeleton
has exact synonym: coccygeal vertebrae I-IV
has exact synonym: coccyx [coccygeal vertebrae I-IV]
has exact synonym: coccyx [vertebrae coccygeae I-IV]
has exact synonym: fused caudal vertebrae
has exact synonym: fused caudal vertebral column
has exact synonym: os coccygis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: os coccygis
has related synonym: tailbone
id: UBERON:0001350
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004247
subclass of: UBERON_0006076
subclass of: UBERON_0008001
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_fused_element
  some values from: caudal vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: bony pelvis
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0006076
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: bony pelvis
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_fused_element
    some values from: caudal vertebra

lacrimal sac
definition: The upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct that is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla; it connects the lacrimal canaliculi, which drain tears from the eye's surface, and the nasolacrimal duct, which conveys this fluid into the nasal cavity; like the nasolacrimal duct, the sac is lined by stratified columnar epithelium with mucus-secreting goblet cells, and is surrounded by connective tissue.
has db xref: Lacrimal sac
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229289
has db xref: Lacrimal Sac
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362534009
has db xref: FMA:20289
has db xref: MA:0001298
has db xref: UMLS:C0229289
has exact synonym: lachrymal sac
has exact synonym: lacrymal sac
has exact synonym: saccus lacrimalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001351
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lacrimal drainage system

external acoustic meatus
definition: A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter.
editor note: consider revisiting superclass after refinement of CARO/EAO, conduit may not be quite correct.
UBPROP_0000011: tympanic ring, which serves as support for the tympanic membrane, directs invagination of the first pharingeal cleft ectoderm to form the external acoustic meatus (EAM), which provides the outer layer of the membrane[PMID 11237469]
UBPROP_0000012: subdivision of head in FMA.
has db xref: External acoustic meatus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013444
has db xref: External Acoustic Meatus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181178004
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000460
has db xref: EHDAA:8975
has db xref: EMAPA:17588
has db xref: EV:0100356
has db xref: FMA:61734
has db xref: GAID:864
has db xref: MA:0000260
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.272.396
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvli-nZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0013444
has db xref: VHOG:0000977
has db xref: galen:ExternalAuditoryMeatus
has exact synonym: auditory canal
has exact synonym: ear canal
has exact synonym: external acoustic tube
has exact synonym: external auditory canal
has exact synonym: external auditory tube
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: auditory meatus
has related synonym: external auditory meatus
id: UBERON:0001352
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004111
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: external ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounded_by
  some values from: UBERON_0010065
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005872

anal region
definition: The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present
UBPROP_0000003: Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0230120
has db xref: Anal Region
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362680001
has db xref: EFO:0000847
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000122
has db xref: EHDAA:2931
has db xref: EMAPA:16831
has db xref: MA:0000329
has db xref: MAT:0000042
has db xref: MIAA:0000042
has db xref: UMLS:C0230120
has db xref: VHOG:0000395
has db xref: WBbt:0006919
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001353
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: proctodeum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0006866

inferior epigastric artery
definition: In human anatomy, inferior epigastric artery refers to the artery that arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein, the inferior epigastric vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Inferior epigastric artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226401
has db xref: Inferior Epigastric Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244288009
has db xref: EMAPA:18751
has db xref: FMA:20686
has db xref: MA:0001978
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdBvQc6gOEdudWQACs5b6Bw
has db xref: UMLS:C0226401
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria epigastrica inferior
id: UBERON:0001354
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: external iliac artery

deep femoral artery
definition: The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Deep femoral artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226455
has db xref: Deep Femoral Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181348000
has db xref: FMA:20741
has db xref: MA:0002027
has db xref: UMLS:C0226455
has exact synonym: arteria profunda femoris
has exact synonym: profunda femoris artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001355
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

medial circumflex femoral artery
definition: The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Medial circumflex femoral artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244326008
has db xref: FMA:20799
has db xref: MA:0001996
has exact synonym: medial femoral circumflex artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria circumflexa femoris medialis
id: UBERON:0001356
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

inferior rectal artery
definition: The inferior rectal artery (inferior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that supplies blood to the lower half of the anal canal. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Inferior rectal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226393
has db xref: Inferior Rectal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244304007
has db xref: FMA:20824
has db xref: MA:0001979
has db xref: UMLS:C0226393
has exact synonym: inferior hemorrhoidal artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria haemorrhoidalis inferior
has related synonym: arteria rectalis inferior
id: UBERON:0001357
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: UBERON_0003835
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anal canal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006867

perineal artery
definition: The perineal artery (superficial perineal artery) arises from the internal pudendal artery, and turns upward, crossing either over or under the Transversus perinæi superficialis, and runs forward, parallel to the pubic arch, in the interspace between the Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus, both of which it supplies, and finally divides into several posterior scrotal branches which are distributed to the skin and dartos tunic of the scrotum. As it crosses the Transversus perinæi superficialis it gives off the transverse perineal artery which runs transversely on the cutaneous surface of the muscle, and anastomoses with the corresponding vessel of the opposite side and with the perineal and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries. It supplies the Transversus perinæi superficialis and the structures between the anus and the urethral bulb. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Perineal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226394
has db xref: Perineal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244303001
has db xref: FMA:20836
has db xref: MA:0002017
has db xref: UMLS:C0226394
has narrow synonym: superficial perineal artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria perinei
id: UBERON:0001358
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003835
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007315

cerebrospinal fluid
definition: A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord.
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: In vertebrates, at early stages of Central Nervous System (CNS) development, the architecture of the brain primordium reveals the presence of the cavity of brain vesicles, which is filled by Embryonic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (E-CSF). (...) Rat and chick E-CSF proteomes are similar, although rat is more complex in certain groups of proteins, e.g., apolipoproteins, which may be involved in the control of neural diversity, and has soluble enzymes present, just like adult human CSF, but unlike chick E-CSF, revealing phylogenetic brain differences between these groups of vertebrates.[uncertain][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: the FMA def states that this is subarachnoid spaces only. ZFA def states subarachnoid spaces and brain ventricles, but not SC (and has part_of to brain). Circulation: It circulates from the lateral ventricles to the foramen of Monro (Interventricular foramen), third ventricle, aqueduct of Sylvius (Cerebral aqueduct), fourth ventricle, foramen of Magendie (Median aperture) and foramina of Luschka (Lateral apertures), subarachnoid space over brain and spinal cord. It should be noted that the CSF moves in a pulsatile manner throughout the CSF system with nearly zero net flow. CSF is reabsorbed into venous sinus blood via arachnoid granulations.
has db xref: Cerebrospinal fluid
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007806
has db xref: Cerebrospinal Fluid
has db xref: birnlex 1798
has db xref: BTO:0000237
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0130
has db xref: EFO:0000329
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004441
has db xref: ENVO:02000029
has db xref: EV:0100311
has db xref: FMA:20935
has db xref: GAID:1181
has db xref: MA:0002503
has db xref: MAT:0000499
has db xref: MESH:A12.207.268
has db xref: TAO:0002184
has db xref: UMLS:C0007806
has db xref: VHOG:0001278
has db xref: ZFA:0001626
has exact synonym: CSF
has exact synonym: cerebral spinal fluid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: liquor cerebrospinalis
has related synonym: spinal fluid
id: UBERON:0001359
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007779
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0005281
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002307

deep circumflex iliac vein
definition: The deep circumflex iliac vein is formed by the union of the venæ comitantes of the deep iliac circumflex artery, and joins the external iliac vein about 2 cm. above the inguinal ligament. It also receives small tributary branches from the thoracoepigastric vein [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Deep circumflex iliac vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/11653007
has db xref: FMA:21182
has db xref: MA:0002099
has exact synonym: deep iliac circumflex vein
has exact synonym: vena circumflexa iliaca profunda
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena circumflexa ilium profunda
id: UBERON:0001360
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein

femoral vein
definition: In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Either of the primary veins in the hindlimbs which collect blood from the hindlimb region.[AAO]
has db xref: Femoral vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015809
has db xref: Femoral Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362071002
has db xref: AAO:0010237
has db xref: EMAPA:17876
has db xref: FMA:21185
has db xref: GAID:533
has db xref: MA:0002118
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908.314
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwFXTLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0015809
has db xref: galen:FemoralVein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena femoralis
id: UBERON:0001361
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: organism subdivision

perineal vein
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/312507009
has db xref: FMA:21246
has db xref: MA:0002193
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001362
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: internal iliac vein

great saphenous vein
definition: The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Great saphenous vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0392907
has db xref: Long Saphenous Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181402008
has db xref: BTO:0003271
has db xref: FMA:21376
has db xref: MA:0002216
has db xref: UMLS:C0392907
has db xref: galen:GreatSaphenousVein
has db xref: galen:GreaterSaphenousVein
has exact synonym: greater saphenous vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: large saphenous vein
has related synonym: long saphenous vein
has related synonym: vena saphena magna
id: UBERON:0001363
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007318
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: femoral vein

obsolete circumpennate
consider: FMA:21431
consider: ZFA:0000271
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has exact synonym: radial
has exact synonym: radialis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: radials
id: UBERON:0001364
type: Class
deprecated: true

sacro-iliac joint
definition: The joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments.
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side
has db xref: Sacroiliac joint
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036036
has db xref: Sacroiliac Joint
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182199004
has db xref: EMAPA:19300
has db xref: FMA:21440
has db xref: GAID:268
has db xref: MA:0001506
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.707
has db xref: UMLS:C0036036
has exact synonym: articulatio sacro-iliaca
has exact synonym: sacroiliac joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001365
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011107
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002355
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: ilium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: bony pelvis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0003690
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: ilium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: UBERON_0003690

parietal peritoneum
definition: The outer layer of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal and pelvic walls.
UBPROP_0000001: Peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall.[AAO]
has alternative id: UBERON:0004459
has db xref: Parietal peritoneum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362700006
has db xref: AAO:0010816
has db xref: EMAPA:16139
has db xref: FMA:21451
has db xref: MA:0000449
has db xref: TAO:0005131
has db xref: VHOG:0001527
has db xref: ZFA:0005131
has exact synonym: peritoneal cavity lining
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001366
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: serous membrane
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002358
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0003697

external anal sphincter
definition: The Sphincter ani externus (external anal sphincter) is a flat plane of muscular fibers, elliptical in shape and intimately adherent to the integument surrounding the margin of the anus. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Sphincter ani externus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224395
has db xref: External Anal Sphincter
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244969008
has db xref: EMAPA:18265
has db xref: FMA:21930
has db xref: MA:0001531
has db xref: UMLS:C0224395
has exact synonym: external sphincter ani
has exact synonym: musculus sphincter ani externus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: sphincter ani externus
id: UBERON:0001367
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003898
subclass of: UBERON_0004832
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006867
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: anus

obturator externus
definition: An adductor muscle that attaches to the femur and the pelvis. In humans, the obturator externus muscle is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometimes considered part of the gluteal region. [WP,generalized].
UBPROP_0000001: Originates on the ventro-lateral pelvic rim and inserts on the ventral aspect of the femur, medial to the insertion of the pectineus.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000012: the definition generalized to accommodate the AAO class - 'Originates on the ventro-lateral pelvic rim and inserts on the ventral aspect of the femur, medial to the insertion of the pectineus.' [AAO:0010043]
has db xref: Obturator externus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1518528
has db xref: Obturator Externus Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245026009
has db xref: AAO:0010043
has db xref: EMAPA:36236
has db xref: FMA:22299
has db xref: MA:0002347
has db xref: UMLS:C1518528
has exact synonym: M. obturator externus
has exact synonym: external obturator
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: external obturator
has related synonym: external obturatus
has related synonym: externus obturator
has related synonym: musculus obturatorius externus
has related synonym: obturator externus
has related synonym: obturatorius externus
has related synonym: obturatus externus
id: UBERON:0001368
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011043
subclass of: UBERON_0011144
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006803
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004470
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002503
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: femur

iliacus muscle
definition: The iliacus is a flat, triangular muscle, which fills the iliac fossa. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000012: AAO has iliacus major and minor, both of which attach to ilium and femur - consider grouping these somehow
has db xref: Iliacus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224418
has db xref: Iliacus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244956009
has db xref: EMAPA:19164
has db xref: EMAPA:36234
has db xref: FMA:22310
has db xref: MA:0002318
has db xref: UMLS:C0224418
has exact synonym: anterior muscle of pelvic girdle
has exact synonym: iliacus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: iliacus muscle
has related synonym: musculus iliacus
id: UBERON:0001369
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle of pelvic girdle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: femoral nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0011015
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002504
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: gluteus maximus

gluteus maximus
definition: The largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, it makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks. It is a broad and thick fleshy mass of a quadrilateral shape, and forms the prominence of the nates. Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. The muscle is remarkably coarse in structure, being made up of fasciculi lying parallel with one another and collected together into large bundles separated by fibrous septa.
has db xref: Gluteus maximus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224424
has db xref: Gluteus Maximus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181674001
has db xref: EMAPA:18527
has db xref: FMA:22314
has db xref: MA:0002309
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0224424
has exact synonym: gluteus maximus muscle
has exact synonym: glutæus maximus
has exact synonym: m.gluteus maximus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glutaeus maximus muscle
has related synonym: gluteus superficialis
has related synonym: musculus gluteus maximus
id: UBERON:0001370
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0003690
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: ilium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: iliacus muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: psoas minor muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: psoas major muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004470
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: femur

gluteus medius
definition: One of three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis. Its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus, its anterior two-thirds by the gluteal aponeurosis, which separates it from the superficial fascia and integument. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Gluteus medius muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224425
has db xref: Gluteus Medius
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181675000
has db xref: EMAPA:19163
has db xref: FMA:22315
has db xref: MA:0002310
has db xref: UMLS:C0224425
has db xref: galen:GluteusMedius
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: gluteus medius muscle
has related synonym: musculus gluteus medius
id: UBERON:0001371
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002503
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: ilium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004470
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002503

psoas minor muscle
definition: The psoas minor is a long, slender skeletal muscle that, when present, is placed in front of the psoas major muscle. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Psoas minor muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224420
has db xref: Psoas Minor
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244954007
has db xref: BTO:0001878
has db xref: EMAPA:18170
has db xref: FMA:22350
has db xref: MA:0002359
has db xref: UMLS:C0224420
has exact synonym: psoas minor
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: m. psoas minor
id: UBERON:0001372
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Human variation notes: It is absent in 40% of individuals.
subclass of: UBERON_0008450
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: pubis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: bony vertebral centrum

sartorius muscle
definition: The Sartorius muscle – the longest muscle in the human body – is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle.
UBPROP_0000003: The ambiens of reptiles and the iliotibialis of amphibians are likely homologues of the sartorius.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Sartorius muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224434
has db xref: Sartorius Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181683006
has db xref: BTO:0001215
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001776
has db xref: EHDAA:10583
has db xref: FMA:22353
has db xref: MA:0002368
has db xref: UMLS:C0224434
has db xref: VHOG:0001192
has db xref: galen:Sartorius
has exact synonym: sartorius
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: M. sartorius
has related synonym: musculus sartorius
id: UBERON:0001373
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Taxon notes (via VHOG): "The ambiens of reptiles and the iliotibialis of amphibians are likely homologues of the sartorius." Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, Fourth Edition (2006) McGraw-Hill, p.391 [VHOG:0001192]. No iliotibialis in AAO - M. sartorius has def: "Originates on the ventral pelvic rim, the pubic region, and the ventral surface of the adductor longus. The insertion bifurcates distally; the ventral portion attaches to the aponeurosis of the cruralis and the dorsal part attaches to the distal attachment of the gracilis major, the semitendinosus, and to the aponeurosis of the cruralis." [AAO:0010027]. We do NOT group this AAO class here at this stage until further evidence of shared attachments
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: femoral nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0008977
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: ilium

biceps femoris
definition: The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back) thigh. As its name implies, it has two parts, one of which (the long head) forms part of the hamstrings muscle group. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Biceps femoris muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224449
has db xref: Biceps Femoris
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181672002
has db xref: BTO:0003418
has db xref: EFO:0001418
has db xref: EMAPA:35170
has db xref: FMA:22356
has db xref: MA:0002270
has db xref: UMLS:C0224449
has db xref: galen:BicepsFemoris
has exact synonym: biceps femoris muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus biceps femoris
id: UBERON:0001374
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002463
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: quadriceps femoris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: femur
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0008775
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hindlimb stylopod
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0009989
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: tibial nerve

semitendinosus
definition: The semitendinosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh; it is one of the hamstrings. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Semitendinosus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224453
has db xref: Semitendinosus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181685004
has db xref: BTO:0001236
has db xref: EMAPA:35762
has db xref: FMA:22357
has db xref: MA:0002375
has db xref: UMLS:C0224453
has db xref: galen:Semitendinosus
has exact synonym: semitendinosus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus semitendinosus
id: UBERON:0001375
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002463
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: quadriceps femoris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0008977
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002103

tensor fasciae latae muscle
definition: The tensor fasciae latae or tensor fasciæ latæ is a muscle of the thigh. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Tensor fasciae latae muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1384497
has db xref: Tensor Fasciae Lata
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181671009
has db xref: EMAPA:35855
has db xref: FMA:22423
has db xref: MA:0002391
has db xref: UMLS:C1384497
has exact synonym: musculus tensor fasciae latae
has exact synonym: tensor fasciae lata
has exact synonym: tensor fasciae lata muscle
has exact synonym: tensor fasciae latae
has exact synonym: tensor of fascia lata
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001376
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0010746

quadriceps femoris
definition: One of the muscles belong to the group consisting of the rectus femoris and the three heads of the vastus (lateralis, medialis, intermedius).
UBPROP_0000001: The quadriceps is a collective term for the rectus femoris and the three heads of the vastus (lateralis, medialis, intermedius). [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.391][VHOG]
has db xref: Quadriceps femoris muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224440
has db xref: Quadriceps Muscle of the Thigh
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181669009
has db xref: BTO:0001149
has db xref: EFO:0001938
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001583
has db xref: EHDAA:8299
has db xref: EMAPA:19146
has db xref: FMA:22428
has db xref: MA:0002363
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjd-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0224440
has db xref: VHOG:0000828
has db xref: galen:QuadricepsFemoris
has exact synonym: quadriceps
has exact synonym: quadriceps femoris muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus quadriceps femoris
has related synonym: quadricep muscle
has related synonym: quadriceps muscle
has related synonym: quadriceps muscle of the thigh
has related synonym: quadriceps muscle of thigh
id: UBERON:0001377
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: femoral nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: tibia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: rectus femoris
equivalent class: Class
  union of: rectus femoris
  union of: vastus lateralis
  union of: vastus medialis
  union of: UBERON_0014847

rectus femoris
definition: The Rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. (The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius, and the vastus lateralis. All four combine to form the quadriceps tendon, which inserts into the patella and continues as the patellar ligament. ) The Rectus femoris is situated in the middle of the front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight down to the deep aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Rectus femoris muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0584894
has db xref: Rectus Femoris
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181679006
has db xref: BTO:0001564
has db xref: FMA:22430
has db xref: MA:0002365
has db xref: UMLS:C0584894
has exact synonym: musculus rectos femoris
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001378
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: quadriceps femoris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: UBERON_0002463
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: quadriceps femoris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: acetabular part of hip bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: femoral nerve

vastus lateralis
definition: The Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus) is the largest part of the Quadriceps femoris. It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this aponeurosis covers the upper three-fourths of the muscle, and from its deep surface many fibers take origin. A few additional fibers arise from the tendon of the Glutæus maximus, and from the lateral intermuscular septum between the Vastus lateralis and short head of the Biceps femoris. The fibers form a large fleshy mass, which is attached to a strong aponeurosis, placed on the deep surface of the lower part of the muscle: this aponeurosis becomes contracted and thickened into a flat tendon inserted into the lateral border of the patella, blending with the Quadriceps femoris tendon, and giving an expansion to the capsule of the knee-joint. [WP,unvetted].
has broad synonym: lateralis
has db xref: Vastus lateralis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224444
has db xref: Vastus Lateralis
has db xref: BTO:0001563
has db xref: EFO:0001937
has db xref: EMAPA:36244
has db xref: FMA:22431
has db xref: MA:0002402
has db xref: UMLS:C0224444
has db xref: galen:VastusLateralis
has exact synonym: vastus lateralis muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vastus externus
id: UBERON:0001379
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: quadriceps femoris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: quadriceps femoris

vastus medialis
definition: The vastus medialis, often called the 'teardrop' muscle, is a medially located muscle of the quadriceps. [WP,unvetted].
has broad synonym: medialis
has db xref: Vastus medialis
has db xref: BTO:0004913
has db xref: EMAPA:36245
has db xref: FMA:22432
has db xref: MA:0002403
has db xref: galen:VastusMedialis
has exact synonym: vastus medialis muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vastus internus
id: UBERON:0001380
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: quadriceps femoris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: femoral nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: femur
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: quadriceps femoris

semimembranosus muscle
definition: The semimembranosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh. It is the most medial of the three hamstring muscles. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Semimembranosus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224452
has db xref: BTO:0003177
has db xref: EMAPA:36242
has db xref: FMA:22438
has db xref: MA:0002371
has db xref: UMLS:C0224452
has db xref: galen:Semimembranosus
has exact synonym: musculus semimembranosus
has exact synonym: semimembranosus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001381
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002463
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002103

pectineus muscle
definition: An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, The pectineus muscle is a flat, quadrangular muscle, situated at the anterior part of the upper and medial aspect of the thigh. It can be classified in the medial compartment of thigh (when the function is emphasized) or the anterior compartment of thigh (when the nerve is emphasized). [WP,generalized].
UBPROP_0000001: Originates on the lateral border of the ilium and the anterior margin of the pubis. It inserts on the ventral surface of the femoral shaft.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000012: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - 'Originates on the lateral border of the ilium and the anterior margin of the pubis. It inserts on the ventral surface of the femoral shaft.' [AAO:0010036]
has db xref: Pectineus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224447
has db xref: Pectineus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245017006
has db xref: AAO:0010036
has db xref: EMAPA:36238
has db xref: FMA:22440
has db xref: MA:0002353
has db xref: UMLS:C0224447
has exact synonym: M. pectineus
has exact synonym: pectineus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus pectineus
id: UBERON:0001382
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011144
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0005465
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hindlimb stylopod
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: femoral nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: pubis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: femur

muscle of leg
definition: A muscle that is part of the region of the hindlimb between the pelvis and ankle.
UBPROP_0000013: see notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible confusion over the term 'leg'.
has alternative id: UBERON:0003270
has db xref: Leg muscle
has db xref: BTO:0000722
has db xref: EHDAA:8291
has db xref: EMAPA:19144
has db xref: EMAPA:19318
has db xref: MA:0000672
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000974
has exact synonym: leg muscle
has exact synonym: leg muscle organ
has exact synonym: leg skeletal muscle
has exact synonym: leg skeletal muscle tissue
has exact synonym: muscle of hindlimb zeugopod or stylopod
has exact synonym: muscle of thigh or crus
has exact synonym: muscle of upper or lower hindlimb segment
has exact synonym: muscle of upper/lower leg
has exact synonym: muscle organ of leg
has exact synonym: skeletal muscle of leg
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001383
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: leg
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004466
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: leg

primary motor cortex
definition: The part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the motor thalamus and which projects to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex corresponds to Brodmann's area 4 (MM). The primary motor cortex, or M1, is located on the precentral gyrus and on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain. Of the three motor cortex areas, stimulation of the primary motor cortex requires the least amount of electrical current to elicit a movement. http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter03.html
editor note: TODO - in MA this is asserted to be part_of BOTH frontal and parietal cortex. in ABA these are disjoint. FMA makes no commitment beyond cerebral cortex. Wikipedia says frontal lobe. Check if species difference or difference in definition. Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 parietal lobe
UBPROP_0000001: The part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the motor thalamus and which projects to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex corresponds to Brodmann's area 4 (MM). The primary motor cortex, or M1, is located on the precentral gyrus and on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain. Of the three motor cortex areas, stimulation of the primary motor cortex requires the least amount of electrical current to elicit a movement. http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter03.html
UBPROP_0000001: the area of the frontal lobe that is involved with integration of voluntary movements and with speech.[MP]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Primary motor cortex
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0026607
has db xref: Primary Motor Cortex
has db xref: nlx_143555
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/11931008
has db xref: BAMS:M1
has db xref: BAMS:MO
has db xref: BAMS:MOp
has db xref: BM:Tel-Cx-M1
has db xref: BTO:0004348
has db xref: EFO:0002472
has db xref: EMAPA:35704
has db xref: FMA:224854
has db xref: MA:0000907
has db xref: MBA:985
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.270.548
has db xref: UMLS:C0026607
has exact synonym: motor cortex
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Rolando's area
has related synonym: excitable area
has related synonym: gyrus precentralis
has related synonym: motor area
has related synonym: prefrontal gyrus
has related synonym: primary motor area
has related synonym: somatic motor areas
has related synonym: somatomotor areas
id: UBERON:0001384
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: frontal cortex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001950
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral cortex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: frontal cortex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: cerebral cortex

tibialis anterior
definition: In human anatomy, the tibialis anterior is a muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. Its acts to invert the foot. It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. This muscle overlaps the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve in the upper part of the leg. [WP,unvetted]. The M. tibialis cranialis is a muscle that flexes the tarsometatarsus. It originates on the craniodistal aspect of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus and inserts on the cranial surface of the tarsometarsus[EvoWiki].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Tibialis anterior muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1710423
has db xref: Tibialis Cranialis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181696007
has db xref: BTO:0001382
has db xref: EFO:0001385
has db xref: EMAPA:35866
has db xref: FMA:22532
has db xref: MA:0002395
has db xref: UMLS:C1710423
has db xref: galen:TibialisAnterior
has exact synonym: tibialis anterior muscle
has exact synonym: tibialis cranialis
has exact synonym: tibilais cranialis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior tibialis
has related synonym: ibialis anticus
has related synonym: musculus tibialis anterior
id: UBERON:0001385
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008230
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0010721
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: metatarsal bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: soleus muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: gastrocnemius
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: tibialis posterior

extensor digitorum longus
definition: A penniform muscle of the lateral front part of the hindlimb responsible for extension of the digits and dorsiflexion of the ankle.
has db xref: Extensor digitorum longus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224464
has db xref: Extensor Digitorum Longus
has db xref: BTO:0000436
has db xref: EMAPA:35330
has db xref: FMA:22534
has db xref: MA:0002295
has db xref: UMLS:C0224464
has exact synonym: extensor digitorum longus muscle
has exact synonym: toe extensor
has exact synonym: toe extensor muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus extensor digitorum longus
id: UBERON:0001386
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: extensor muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: common fibular nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0009991
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: phalanx of pes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: tibia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: fibula

fibularis longus
definition: In human anatomy, the peroneus longus (also known as fibularis longus) is a superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle. It is situated at the upper part of the lateral side of the leg, and is the most superficial of the three peroneus muscles. It is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve). [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Peroneus longus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224469
has db xref: Peroneus Longus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361825008
has db xref: EMAPA:36253
has db xref: FMA:22539
has db xref: MA:0002356
has db xref: UMLS:C0224469
has db xref: galen:PeroneusLongus
has exact synonym: musculus peroneus longus
has exact synonym: peroneus longus
has exact synonym: peroneus longus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: fibularis longus
has related synonym: fibularis longus muscle
has related synonym: peronaei longus
has related synonym: peronaeus longus
has related synonym: peroneous longus
has related synonym: peroneus longus muscle
id: UBERON:0001387
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009132
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: tibialis anterior
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: fibula
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0003650

gastrocnemius
definition: The most superficial muscle of the triceps surae group, in the posterior portion of the lower hindleg.
UBPROP_0000001: The most superficial calf muscle in the posterior part of the leg. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The most prominent ventral muscle of the shank is the gastrocnemius, the 'calf' muscle. In mammals, it has two heads, resulting from the fusion of two different phylogenetic predecessors.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In mammals this muscle has two heads[ISBN10:0073040584]
UBPROP_0000009: involved in standing, walking, running and jumping
has db xref: Gastrocnemius muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0242691
has db xref: Gastrocnemius Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181700004
has db xref: BTO:0000506
has db xref: EFO:0001413
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000701
has db xref: EHDAA:8293
has db xref: EMAPA:35375
has db xref: FMA:22541
has db xref: MA:0002306
has db xref: UMLS:C0242691
has db xref: VHOG:0001193
has db xref: galen:Gastrocnemius
has exact synonym: gastrocnemius muscle
has exact synonym: m. gastrocnemius
has exact synonym: m.gastrocnemius
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus gastrocnemius
id: UBERON:0001388
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004256
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: triceps surae
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003661
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: tibial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0009984
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: tibialis anterior
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0003701
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: calcaneus

soleus muscle
definition: A deep muscle of the triceps surae group, in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg.
UBPROP_0000007: soleal
UBPROP_0000009: responsible for plantar flexion of the foot
has db xref: Soleus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0242694
has db xref: Soleus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181702007
has db xref: BTO:0001265
has db xref: EFO:0001946
has db xref: EMAPA:35786
has db xref: FMA:22542
has db xref: MA:0002424
has db xref: UMLS:C0242694
has db xref: galen:Soleus
has exact synonym: soleus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001389
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004256
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0003701
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003661
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: tibial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: tibialis anterior
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: homologous_to
  some values from: UBERON_0011910
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: triceps surae
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: fibula

sural artery
definition: The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: TODO - check NCITA class
has db xref: Sural artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226464
has db xref: External Sural Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302693002
has db xref: FMA:22570
has db xref: MA:0002058
has db xref: UMLS:C0226464
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001390
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

popliteus muscle
definition: The popliteus muscle in the leg is used to unlock the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during a closed chain movement (such as one with the foot in contact with the ground). [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Popliteus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224457
has db xref: Popliteus Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245032004
has db xref: EMAPA:36240
has db xref: FMA:22590
has db xref: MA:0002554
has db xref: UMLS:C0224457
has exact synonym: m.popliteus
has exact synonym: poplitea
has exact synonym: popliteal
has exact synonym: popliteal muscle
has exact synonym: popliteus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus popliteus
id: UBERON:0001391
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle of leg
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0009980
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: tibia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: tibial nerve

flexor hallucis longus
definition: A deep muscle of the posterior compartment of the hindlimb that is innervated by the tibial nerve, arises from the fibula and insets in the distal phalanx of pedal digit 1.
has db xref: Flexor hallucis longus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224473
has db xref: Flexor Hallucis Longus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361826009
has db xref: FMA:22593
has db xref: MA:0002301
has db xref: UMLS:C0224473
has exact synonym: flexor hallucis longus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001392
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: flexor muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: homologous_to
  some values from: UBERON_0011909
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: leg
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: tibial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0004315
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: fibula

auditory cortex
definition: The primary auditory cortex is the region of the brain that is responsible for processing of auditory information. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Auditory cortex
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0004302
has db xref: Auditory Cortex
has db xref: BAMS:AUD
has db xref: BAMS:Area_1
has db xref: BAMS:Au1
has db xref: BTO:0004343
has db xref: EMAPA:35156
has db xref: FMA:226221
has db xref: GAID:682
has db xref: MA:0000942
has db xref: MBA:247
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.863.297
has db xref: UMLS:C0004302
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: A1 (primary auditory cortex)
has related synonym: Auditory areas
has related synonym: BA41
has related synonym: BA42
has related synonym: Brodmann area 41
has related synonym: Brodmann area 41 & 42
has related synonym: Brodmann area 42
has related synonym: anterior transverse temporal area 41
has related synonym: auditory area
has related synonym: auditory cortex
has related synonym: posterior transverse temporal area 42
has related synonym: primary auditory cortex
has related synonym: temporal auditory neocortex
id: UBERON:0001393
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: temporal lobe
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: temporal lobe
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral cortex

axillary artery
definition: Artery that supplies the axilla
UBPROP_0000008: In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. After passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes the brachial artery.
has db xref: Axillary artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0004455
has db xref: Axillary Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181321001
has db xref: EMAPA:18749
has db xref: FMA:22654
has db xref: GAID:473
has db xref: MA:0002573
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.085
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwRh-vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0004455
has db xref: galen:AxillaryArtery
has exact synonym: arteria axillaris
has exact synonym: axillary part of subclavian artery
has exact synonym: axillary part of trunk of subclavian artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001394
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0009472
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: shoulder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: UBERON_0009472

thoraco-acromial artery
definition: The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Thoraco-acromial artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226420
has db xref: Acromial Thoracic Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244315002
has db xref: FMA:22671
has db xref: MA:0002064
has db xref: UMLS:C0226420
has exact synonym: acromiothoracic artery
has exact synonym: thoracoacromial artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001395
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: shoulder

lateral thoracic artery
definition: In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Lateral thoracic artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226421
has db xref: Lateral Thoracic Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/206135006
has db xref: FMA:22674
has db xref: MA:0001989
has db xref: UMLS:C0226421
has exact synonym: external mammary artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria thoracalis lateralis
id: UBERON:0001396
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: shoulder

subscapular artery
definition: The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Subscapular artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226422
has db xref: Subscapular Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244311006
has db xref: FMA:22677
has db xref: MA:0002050
has db xref: UMLS:C0226422
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria subscapularis
id: UBERON:0001397
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

brachial artery
definition: The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm. In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps, and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure. The brachial artery is closely related to the median nerve; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery. Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the subclavian artery which supplies blood to the forelimb.[AAO]
has db xref: Brachial artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0006087
has db xref: Brachial Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181322008
has db xref: AAO:0010504
has db xref: EFO:0004231
has db xref: FMA:22689
has db xref: GAID:475
has db xref: MA:0001921
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.139
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwM-i5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0006087
has db xref: galen:BrachialArtery
has exact synonym: brachial part of trunk of subclavian artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria brachialis
id: UBERON:0001398
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

deep brachial artery
definition: The arteria profunda brachii (also known as deep artery of the arm and the deep brachial artery) is a large vessel which arises from the medial and back part of the brachial, just below the lower border of the Teres major. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Deep brachial artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/41065002
has db xref: FMA:22695
has db xref: MA:0002026
has exact synonym: arteria profunda brachii
has exact synonym: profunda brachii artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001399
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: UBERON_0003507
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: arm

iliocostalis thoracis muscle
definition: The iliocostalis dorsi (musculus accessorius; iliocostalis thoracis) arises by flattened tendons from the upper borders of the angles of the lower six ribs medial to the tendons of insertion of the iliocostalis lumborum; these become muscular, and are inserted into the upper borders of the angles of the upper six ribs and into the back of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra.
has db xref: Iliocostalis thoracis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244856005
has db xref: FMA:22703
has db xref: MA:0002320
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: iliocostalis thoracis
has related synonym: iliocostalis thoracis muscle
has related synonym: musculus accessorius
id: UBERON:0001400
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002251

longissimus thoracis muscle
definition: The longissimus thoracis is the intermediate and largest of the continuations of the sacrospinalis.[WP]. intermediate erector spinae muscle of back; origin, with iliocostalis and from transverse processes of lower thoracic vertebrae; insertion, by lateral slips into most or all of the ribs between angles and tubercles and into tips of transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae, and by medial slips into accessory processes of upper lumbar and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae; action, extends vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves[Stedmans].
editor note: TODO - add logical definition to determine if AAO class belongs here. Classified as erector spinae in AAO
UBPROP_0000001: Epaxial muscle which originates on the antero-lateral urostyle and inserts variably along the neural spines and transverse processes of the presacral vertebrae to the exoccipital bone.[AAO]
has db xref: Longissimus thoracis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224307
has db xref: Longissimus Thoracis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244859003
has db xref: AAO:0010775
has db xref: BTO:0001651
has db xref: FMA:22709
has db xref: MA:0002339
has db xref: UMLS:C0224307
has exact synonym: longissimus dorsi
has exact synonym: longissimus dorsi muscle
has exact synonym: longissimus thoracis
has exact synonym: musculus longissimus dorsi
has exact synonym: musculus longissimus thoracis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001401
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: longissimus muscle

longissimus cervicis muscle
definition: The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Longissimus cervicis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224308
has db xref: Longissimus Cervicis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244860008
has db xref: BTO:0001650
has db xref: FMA:22711
has db xref: MA:0002337
has db xref: UMLS:C0224308
has exact synonym: longissimus cervicis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus longissimus cervicis
id: UBERON:0001402
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: longissimus muscle

longissimus capitis
definition: The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Longissimus capitis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224309
has db xref: Longissimus Capitis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244861007
has db xref: BTO:0001649
has db xref: FMA:22714
has db xref: MA:0002336
has db xref: UMLS:C0224309
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus longissimus capitis
has related synonym: trachelomastoid muscle
id: UBERON:0001403
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: longissimus muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0011220

radial artery
definition: In human anatomy, the radial artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the lateral aspect of the forearm. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Radial artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0162857
has db xref: Radial Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181332001
has db xref: FMA:22730
has db xref: GAID:506
has db xref: MA:0002034
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.740
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvxzeR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0162857
has db xref: galen:RadialArtery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: A. Radialis
id: UBERON:0001404
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

spinalis thoracis muscle
definition: Origin: spinous processes of two upper lumbar and two lower thoracic; insertion: spines of upper thoracic vertebrae; innervation: branches of spinal nerves; action: extends vertebral column.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224311
has db xref: Spinalis Thoracis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244863005
has db xref: BTO:0002624
has db xref: FMA:22765
has db xref: MA:0002381
has db xref: UMLS:C0224311
has exact synonym: spinalis thoracis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus spinalis dorsi
has related synonym: musculus spinalis thoracis
has related synonym: spinal muscle of thorax
has related synonym: spinalis dorsi
id: UBERON:0001405
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011013

ulnar artery
definition: The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein or veins, the ulnar vein or ulnar veins. The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow in the cubital fossa, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar border to the wrist, crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into two branches, which enter into the formation of the superficial and deep volar arches. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Ulnar artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0162858
has db xref: Ulnar Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181333006
has db xref: FMA:22796
has db xref: GAID:515
has db xref: MA:0002069
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.920
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAF2PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0162858
has db xref: galen:UlnarArtery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: A. Ulnaris
id: UBERON:0001406
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

semispinalis thoracis
definition: The Semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length. It arises by a series of small tendons from the transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted, by tendons, into the spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Semispinalis dorsi
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224316
has db xref: Semispinalis Thoracis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244868001
has db xref: FMA:22828
has db xref: MA:0002374
has db xref: UMLS:C0224316
has exact synonym: semispinalis dorsi
has exact synonym: semispinalis dorsi muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus semispinalis dorsi
has related synonym: musculus semispinalis thoracis
id: UBERON:0001407
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: neural spine

semispinalis cervicis
definition: The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive. The fasciculus connected with the axis is the largest, and is chiefly muscular in structure. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Semispinalis cervicis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224317
has db xref: Semispinalis Cervicis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244869009
has db xref: FMA:22829
has db xref: MA:0002373
has db xref: UMLS:C0224317
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus semispinalis cervicis
id: UBERON:0001408
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002413
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra

semispinalis capitis
definition: The Semispinalis capitis (Complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the Splenius, and medial to the Longissimus cervicis and capitis. It arises by a series of tendons from the tips of the transverse processes of the upper six or seven thoracic and the seventh cervical vertebræ, and from the articular processes of the three cervical above this. The tendons, uniting, form a broad muscle, which passes upward, and is inserted between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone. The medial part, usually more or less distinct from the remainder of the muscle, is frequently termed the Spinalis capitis; it is also named the Biventer cervicis since it is traversed by an imperfect tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Semispinalis capitis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224318
has db xref: Semispinalis Capitis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244870005
has db xref: FMA:22830
has db xref: MA:0002372
has db xref: UMLS:C0224318
has narrow synonym: biventer cervicis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: complexus
has related synonym: complexus muscle
has related synonym: musculus semispinalis capitis
has related synonym: semispinales capitis
has related synonym: semispinalis capitis muscle
id: UBERON:0001409
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra

common palmar digital artery
definition: Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles.
UBPROP_0000012: the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery
has db xref: Common palmar digital artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226446
has db xref: Common Palmar Digital Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/38396009
has db xref: FMA:22852
has db xref: MA:0001957
has db xref: UMLS:C0226446
has exact synonym: common palmar digital arteries
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001410
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006141

basilic vein
definition: A superficial vein of the upper limb that drain parts of manus and forearm.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000008: It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the manus, and it travels up the base of the forearm and arm. Most of its course is superficial; it generally travels in the subcutaneous fat and other fasciae that lie superficial to the muscles of the upper extremity. Because of this, it is usually visible through the skin. Near the region anterior to the cubital fossa, in the bend of the elbow joint, the basilic vein usually connects with the other large superficial vein of the upper extremity, the cephalic vein, via the median cubital vein. The layout of superficial veins in the forearm is highly variable from person to person, and there are generally a variety of other unnamed superficial veins that the basilic vein communicates with. About halfway up the arm proper (the part between the shoulder and elbow), the basilic vein goes deep, travelling under the muscles. There, around the lower border of the teres major muscle, the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into it, just before it joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein. Along with other superficial veins in the forearm, the basilic vein is a possible site for venipuncture.
has db xref: Basilic vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226801
has db xref: Basilic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181393008
has db xref: FMA:22908
has db xref: MA:0002086
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvwrxEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226801
has db xref: galen:BasilicVein
has exact synonym: basilic vein of forearm
has exact synonym: vena basilica antebrachii
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001411
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0003515
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: subclavian vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: axillary vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002102

common palmar digital vein
has db xref: FMA:22923
has db xref: MA:0002121
has exact synonym: proximal palmar digital vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001412
type: Class
comment: Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal.
subclass of: UBERON_0004563

brachial vein
definition: In human anatomy, the brachial veins are venae comitantes of the brachial artery in the arm proper. Because they are deep to muscle, they are considered deep veins. Their course is that of the brachial artery (in reverse): they begin where radial veins and ulnar veins join (corresponding to the bifurcation of the brachial artery). They end at the inferior border of the teres major muscle. At this point, the brachial veins join the basilic vein to form the axillary vein. The brachial veins also have small tributaries that drain the muscles of the upper arm, such as biceps brachii muscle and triceps brachii muscle. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Vein which collects blood from the forelimb and drains into the subclavian vein.[AAO]
has db xref: Brachial vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226812
has db xref: Brachial Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181390006
has db xref: AAO:0010512
has db xref: FMA:22934
has db xref: MA:0002087
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwS3In5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226812
has db xref: galen:BrachialVein
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001413
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0003507
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: subclavian vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: axillary vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: arm

median cubital vein
definition: In human anatomy, the median cubital vein (or median basilic vein) a superficial vein of the upper limb. It connects the basilic and cephalic vein and is often used for venipuncture (taking blood). It lies in the cubital fossa superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis. There exists a fair amount of variation of the median cubital vein. More commonly the vein forms an H-pattern with the cephalic and basilic veins making up the sides. Other forms include an M-pattern, where the vein branches to the cephalic and basilic veins. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Median cubital vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181392003
has db xref: FMA:22963
has db xref: MA:0002176
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvzQSYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena mediana cubiti
id: UBERON:0001414
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0003515
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: subclavian vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: basilic vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: axillary vein

skin of pelvis
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a pelvis [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181517009
has db xref: FMA:22984
has db xref: MA:0000546
has exact synonym: pelvic skin
has exact synonym: pelvis skin
has exact synonym: pelvis zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of pelvis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001415
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003836
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002355
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skin of trunk
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002355

skin of abdomen
definition: A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222166
has db xref: Abdominal Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361707007
has db xref: EFO:0000214
has db xref: FMA:22988
has db xref: FMA:23000
has db xref: MA:0000523
has db xref: UMLS:C0222166
has exact synonym: abdomen skin
has exact synonym: abdomen zone of skin
has exact synonym: abdominal skin
has exact synonym: skin of abdomen proper
has exact synonym: zone of skin of abdomen
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001416
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003836
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: abdomen
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: abdomen

skin of neck
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0205030
has db xref: Neck Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361705004
has db xref: FMA:23021
has db xref: FMA:23022
has db xref: MA:0000590
has db xref: UMLS:C0205030
has exact synonym: neck (volume) zone of skin
has exact synonym: neck skin
has exact synonym: neck zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of neck
has exact synonym: zone of skin of neck (volume)
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001417
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0012180
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: neck
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: neck

skin of thorax
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281723000
has db xref: FMA:23028
has db xref: FMA:23029
has db xref: MA:0000564
has exact synonym: thoracic skin
has exact synonym: thorax skin
has exact synonym: thorax zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of thorax
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: upper body skin
id: UBERON:0001418
type: Class
subclass of: skin of trunk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: thoracic segment of trunk
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: thoracic segment of trunk

skin of limb
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1282135
has db xref: Skin of the Extremity
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/314403009
has db xref: EMAPA:32726
has db xref: FMA:23100
has db xref: MA:0000694
has db xref: UMLS:C1282135
has exact synonym: limb skin
has exact synonym: limb zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of limb
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001419
type: Class
subclass of: zone of skin
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002101
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002101

subscapular vein
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: FMA:23113
has db xref: MA:0002224
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001420
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: subclavian vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: axillary vein

pectoral girdle region
definition: An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions.
curator notes: this class describes the organism subdivision, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831).
UBPROP_0000001: An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There is only one instance of the pectoral girdle region per organism.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000005: Note that this class describes the central subdivision of the pectoral girdle complex, NOT the skeleton within.[VSAO]
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/229759004
has db xref: FMA:23217
has db xref: VSAO:0000305
has db xref: galen:ShoulderGirdle
has exact synonym: cingulum membri superioris
has exact synonym: girdle - pectoral
has narrow synonym: cingulum membri superioris
has narrow synonym: shoulder girdle
has narrow synonym: upper limb girdle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pectoral girdle
has related synonym: pectoral region
id: UBERON:0001421
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010708
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has skeleton
  some values from: UBERON_0007831
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007823
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0010708

facial lymphatic vessel
definition: A lymphatic vessel that is part of a face [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: FMA:233946
has db xref: TAO:0005108
has db xref: ZFA:0005108
has exact synonym: buccal lymphatic vessel
has exact synonym: face lymph vessel
has exact synonym: face lymphatic vessel
has exact synonym: lymph vessel of face
has exact synonym: lymphatic vessel of face
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: FL
id: UBERON:0001422
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: lymphatic vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: face
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lymphatic vessel
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: face

radius bone
definition: The major preaxial endochondral bone in the anterior zeugopod[Phenoscape].
UBPROP_0000001: One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the fore-epipodium; it is located on the lateral side of the ulna. Its upper end articulates with both the humerus and the ulna, whereas the lower articulates with the carpals.[AAO]
has db xref: Radius (bone)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0034627
has db xref: Radius Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181940002
has db xref: AAO:0000788
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2199
has db xref: EMAPA:18466
has db xref: EMAPA:19103
has db xref: FMA:23463
has db xref: GAID:185
has db xref: MA:0001357
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.702
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwUsDcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0034627
has db xref: VSAO:0005012
has db xref: galen:Radius
has exact synonym: radius
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001423
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Due to the presence of the radius in Tetrpodomorph fish this element is not inherently linked to the presence of digits or flexor musculature. The corresponding bone in the posterior fin/limb is the tibia.[Phenoscape]. In four-legged animals, the radius is the main load-bearing bone of the lower forelimb. Its structure is similar in most terrestrial tetrapods, but it may be fused with the ulna in some mammals (such as horses) and reduced or modified in animals with flippers or vestigial forelimbs [ISBN:0-03-910284-X]
subclass of: UBERON_0003466
subclass of: UBERON_0003607
subclass of: UBERON_0015001
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010703
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006286
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: preaxialmost_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010703
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015001
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

ulna
definition: The major postaxial endochondral bone in the anterior zeugopod[Phenoscape].
UBPROP_0000001: One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the fore-epipodium; it is located on the medial (inner) side of the radius. The upper end of the ulna articulates with the lower end of the humerus forming a strong hinge joint with the carpals, whereas the lower articulates with the carpals.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000007: ulnar
has db xref: Ulna
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0041600
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181948009
has db xref: AAO:0000789
has db xref: EMAPA:18467
has db xref: EMAPA:19104
has db xref: FMA:23466
has db xref: GAID:188
has db xref: MA:0001358
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.911
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwPtIM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0041600
has db xref: VSAO:0005013
has db xref: galen:Ulna
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001424
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: The corresponding bone in the posterior fin/limb is the fibula.
subclass of: UBERON_0003466
subclass of: UBERON_0003607
subclass of: UBERON_0015003
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010703
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006306
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: postaxialmost_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010703
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015003
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

pectoral lymphatic vessel
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: FMA:234865
has db xref: TAO:0005107
has db xref: ZFA:0005107
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: PL
id: UBERON:0001425
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: lymphatic vessel

jugular lymphatic vessel
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: FMA:234908
has db xref: TAO:0005109
has db xref: ZFA:0005109
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: JL
id: UBERON:0001426
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: lymphatic vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0011765

scaphoid
definition: the bone of the hand located at the radial side of the carpus and which articulates with the radius, trapezium, trapezoideum, capitate, and lunate bones
editor note: TODO - check AAO placement; in rodents this is fused with the lunate to make the scapholunate
UBPROP_0000001: One of two element that constitute the basal row of carpals. It articulates proximally with the radius, mesially with the ulnare (or pars intermedia of the ulnare when the ulnare is fused to the intermedium) and distally with the centrale (also recognized by some authors as element Y). This element originates from one or two condensation centers. Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 5(4), the ulnare, or other elements.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000013: In reptiles, birds, and amphibians, this bone is instead commonly referred to as the radiale, because of its articulation with the radius[WP]
has db xref: Scaphoid
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0223724
has db xref: Scaphoid Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181958008
has db xref: AAO:0000790
has db xref: FMA:23709
has db xref: GAID:180
has db xref: MA:0002555
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.144.650
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAwWe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0223724
has db xref: galen:Scaphoid
has exact synonym: navicular bone of hand
has exact synonym: navicular bone of manus
has exact synonym: os carpi radiale
has exact synonym: scaphoid bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: navicular of hand
has related synonym: navicular of manus
has related synonym: os naviculare manus
has related synonym: os scaphoideum
has related synonym: radial carpal bone
has related synonym: radiale
has related synonym: scaphoideum
id: UBERON:0001427
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: proximal carpal bone

lunate
definition: The lunate bone (semilunar bone) is a carpal bone (wrist bone) in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. It is situated in the center of the proximal row of the carpus (wrist) region between the fore arm and hand (manus). In standard medical posture, the lunate carpal bone is situated between the lateral Scaphoid bone and medial Triquetral bone. The lunate carpal bone straddles distally the bordering ulna and radius bones and proximally to distal carpus (wrist) Trapezium bone and Trapezoid bone[WP].
UBPROP_0000008: articulating with the ulnare and the radiale[VSAO]. human articulations: radius proximally capitate and hamate distally scaphoid laterally triangular medially
has broad synonym: intermedium
has db xref: Lunate bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036624
has db xref: Lunate Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181959000
has db xref: FMA:23712
has db xref: GAID:181
has db xref: MA:0002556
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.144.663
has db xref: UMLS:C0036624
has db xref: VSAO:0005040
has db xref: galen:Lunate
has exact synonym: lunar
has exact synonym: lunate bone
has exact synonym: os carpi intermedium
has exact synonym: os lunatum
has exact synonym: semilunar bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: intermediate carpal bone
has related synonym: os lunatum
has related synonym: semilunar
has related synonym: semilunate
id: UBERON:0001428
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: proximal carpal bone

pisiform
definition: A laterally positioned sesamoid bone found in close proximity with and occasionally fused to the ulnare.
editor note: check: accessory carpal
has db xref: Pisiform bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0223729
has db xref: Pisiform Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181966004
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/9181003
has db xref: EMAPA:36165
has db xref: FMA:23718
has db xref: MA:0001339
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvtByTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0223729
has db xref: galen:Pisiform
has exact synonym: pisiform bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: accessory carpal bone
has related synonym: os pisiforme
id: UBERON:0001429
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: proximal carpal bone
subclass of: UBERON_0007997

distal carpal bone 1
definition: .
UBPROP_0000008: located between radiale and first metacarpal[VSAO]. in humans - The capitate articulates with 1st metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezoid medially, 2nd metacarpal medially
has db xref: Trapezium (bone)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0223736
has db xref: Trapezial Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361780007
has db xref: AAO:0010634
has db xref: EMAPA:36173
has db xref: FMA:23721
has db xref: MA:0001340
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3CbrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0223736
has db xref: VSAO:0005043
has db xref: galen:Trapezium
has exact synonym: distal carpal 1
has exact synonym: greater multangular bone
has exact synonym: os trapezium
has exact synonym: trapezial bone
has exact synonym: trapezium
has exact synonym: trapezium bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: carpal 1
has related synonym: greater multangular
has related synonym: greater multiangular
has related synonym: hand distal carpal bone 1
has related synonym: manus distal carpal bone 1
id: UBERON:0001430
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: distal carpal bone
subclass of: UBERON_0015084
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0015085
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015084
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

distal carpal bone 2
definition: .
UBPROP_0000001: Small element that articulates with the prepollex, metacarpal II(I) and metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to element Y or carpal 3(2).[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The trapezoid bone (lesser multangular bone) is a carpal bone in tetrapods, including humans. It is the smallest bone in the distal row. It may be known by its wedge-shaped form, the broad end of the wedge constituting the dorsal, the narrow end the palmar surface; and by its having four articular facets touching each other, and separated by sharp edges. It is homologous with the 'second distal carpal' of reptiles and amphibians. The etymology derives from the Greek trapezion which means 'irregular quadrilateral,' from tra- 'four' and peza 'foot' or 'edge. ' Literally, 'a little table' from trapeza meaning 'table' and -oeides 'shaped.[Wikipedia:Trapezoid_bone]
UBPROP_0000008: located in the distal part of the carpus and articulating with the second metacarpal, the distal carpals 1 and 2 and the radiale.[VSAO] in humans - The capitate articulates with 2nd metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezium medially, capitate medially[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates with the prepollex, metacarpal II(I) and metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to element Y or carpal 3(2)
has db xref: Trapezoid bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0223741
has db xref: Trapezoid Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361781006
has db xref: AAO:0000848
has db xref: EMAPA:36174
has db xref: FMA:23724
has db xref: MA:0001341
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVvsjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvxNWBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0223741
has db xref: VSAO:0005044
has db xref: galen:Trapezoid
has exact synonym: distal carpal 2
has exact synonym: lesser multangular bone
has exact synonym: os trapezoideum
has exact synonym: trapezoid
has exact synonym: trapezoid bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: carpal 2
has related synonym: hand distal carpal bone 2
has related synonym: lesser multangular
has related synonym: lesser multiangular
has related synonym: manus distal carpal bone 2
id: UBERON:0001431
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: distal carpal bone
subclass of: UBERON_0015087
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0015088
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015087
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

distal carpal bone 3
definition: .
UBPROP_0000001: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to carpals 2(1), 4(3), 5(4), or other elements.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000008: medially located and articulates with metacarpals 2-4, distal carpal 5 and the intermedium[VSAO] In the human hand, the capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist - The capitate articulates with seven bones: the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the second metacarpal, third metacarpal, and fourth metacarpal distally, the lesser multangular on the radial side, and the hamate on the ulnar side
has db xref: Capitate bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0223733
has db xref: Capitate Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181964001
has db xref: AAO:0000849
has db xref: EMAPA:36169
has db xref: FMA:23727
has db xref: MA:0001342
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZFPrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0223733
has db xref: VSAO:0005045
has db xref: galen:Capitate
has exact synonym: capitate
has exact synonym: capitate bone
has exact synonym: distal carpal 3
has exact synonym: os magnum (carpus)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: carpal 3
has related synonym: hand distal carpal bone 3
has related synonym: magnum
has related synonym: os capitatum
has related synonym: os magnum
id: UBERON:0001432
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: distal carpal bone
subclass of: UBERON_0015090
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0015091
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015090
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

distal carpal bone 4
definition: .
UBPROP_0000001: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(III). It may be fused to carpal 3(2), 5(4), or other elements.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000008: articulates with the lunar, distal carpal 3, the ulnare as well as metacarpals 4 and 5.[VSAO]. In the human hand the lunate proximally the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally the triangular medially the capitate laterally[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(III). It may be fused to carpal 3(2), 5(4), or other elements
has db xref: Hamate bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0560737
has db xref: Hamate Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181967008
has db xref: AAO:0000850
has db xref: EMAPA:36172
has db xref: FMA:23730
has db xref: MA:0001343
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwFTmuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0560737
has db xref: VSAO:0005046
has db xref: galen:Hamate
has exact synonym: distal carpal 4
has exact synonym: hamate
has exact synonym: hamate bone
has exact synonym: unciform bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: carpal 4
has related synonym: hand distal carpal bone 4
has related synonym: os hamatum
has related synonym: unciform
has related synonym: uncinate
id: UBERON:0001433
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: distal carpal bone
subclass of: UBERON_0015093
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0015094
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015093
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

skeletal system
definition: Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000001: System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: skeletal
UBPROP_0000012: GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0037253
has db xref: Skeletal System
has db xref: AAO:0000566
has db xref: BTO:0001486
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1320
has db xref: EFO:0000806
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003168
has db xref: EMAPA:35773
has db xref: FMA:23881
has db xref: MA:0000018
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000434
has db xref: UMLS:C0037253
has db xref: VHOG:0001254
has db xref: VSAO:0000027
has db xref: XAO:0003060
has db xref: ZFA:0000434
has exact synonym: skeleton system
has narrow synonym: set of all bones and joints
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Skelettsystem
id: UBERON:0001434
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence ends during
  some values from: fully formed stage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0004288
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0004770
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002204
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: UBERON_0004288
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: UBERON_0004770

carpal bone
definition: A bone that is part of the carpal skeleton. Examples: scaphoid, lunate, capitate[cjm].
UBPROP_0000008: In tetrapods, the carpals is the sole cluster of the bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically, horizontally and laterally. In human anatomy, the main role of the carpus is to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, but the mobility of individual carpal bones increase the freedom of movements at the wrist.
has db xref: Carpus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007285
has db xref: Carpal Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/83936004
has db xref: EMAPA:25056
has db xref: FMA:23889
has db xref: GAID:179
has db xref: MA:0000296
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.087.144
has db xref: UMLS:C0007285
has db xref: galen:CarpalBone
has exact synonym: bone of carpus
has exact synonym: carpal
has exact synonym: carpal skeleton bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: carpus bone
id: UBERON:0001435
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003656
subclass of: UBERON_0005897
subclass of: UBERON_0015049
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006213
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004452
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bone element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0004452

phalanx of manus
definition: A phalanx that is part of a forelimb autopod[Automatically generated definition].
UBPROP_0000001: Dumb-bell shaped bones of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that make the four digits of the manus. The terminal phalanges are much smaller than the proximal and penultimate phalanges. The typical phalangeal formula of the manus, in a medial to lateral sequence, is 2-2-3-3.[AAO]
has db xref: Phalanges of the hand
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0223792
has db xref: Hand Phalanx
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181976001
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361100001
has db xref: AAO:0000947
has db xref: EMAPA:32650
has db xref: FMA:23914
has db xref: MA:0000306
has db xref: UMLS:C0223792
has exact synonym: digitus manus phalanx
has exact synonym: finger phalanx
has exact synonym: hand digit phalanx
has exact synonym: hand phalanx
has exact synonym: manual phalanx
has exact synonym: phalanx of digit of hand
has exact synonym: phalanx of digitus manus
has exact synonym: phalanx of finger
has exact synonym: phalanx of fore digit
has exact synonym: phalanx of hand
has exact synonym: phalanx of hand digit
has exact synonym: phalanx of manual digit
has narrow synonym: digital bone of manus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bone of finger
has related synonym: phalanges of fore digit
id: UBERON:0001436
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003221
subclass of: UBERON_0003607
subclass of: UBERON_0004249
subclass of: UBERON_0015024
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002389
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010688
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010686
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_5102389
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003221
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002389

epiphysis
definition: Subdivision of long bone which forms its expanded proximal or distal articular end; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: proximal epiphysis of humerus, distal epiphysis of femur.[FMA]
UBPROP_0000001: Cartilaginous expansion at the distal end of an anterior rib or transverse process that serves for the attachment of muscles suspending the pectoral girdle to the vertebral column.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000007: epiphyseal
UBPROP_0000007: epiphysial
has db xref: Epiphysis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1708734
has db xref: Epiphysis of the Bone
has db xref: Long Bone Epiphysis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244701002
has db xref: AAO:0000742
has db xref: BTO:0000413
has db xref: EMAPA:35508
has db xref: FMA:24012
has db xref: MA:0001362
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.251
has db xref: UMLS:C1708734
has exact synonym: bone epiphysis
has exact synonym: end of long bone
has exact synonym: epiphyses
has exact synonym: long bone epiphysis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001437
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005055
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002495

metaphysis
definition: Subdivision of diaphysis which forms the proximal or distal end of diaphysis next to the epiphysis; together with diaphysis proper, it constitutes the diaphysis. Examples: proximal metaphysis of humerus, distal metaphysis of femur.[FMA]
editor note: todo - decide - adjacent to or containing epiphyseal plate? AO Notes: FMA the metaphysis is part of the diaphysis, but not in MA.
has db xref: Metaphysis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222671
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/304581004
has db xref: EMAPA:35509
has db xref: FMA:24014
has db xref: MA:0001363
has db xref: UMLS:C0222671
has exact synonym: diaphyseal end of long bone
has exact synonym: long bone metaphysis
has exact synonym: metaphyses
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001438
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005055
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0006861
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002495
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004769

compact bone tissue
definition: the outer layers of solid, hard bone that covers spongy bone; consists of parallel osteons containing mineral deposits and interstitial lamellae
has db xref: Compact bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222661
has db xref: Cortical Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361728003
has db xref: EMAPA:35250
has db xref: FMA:24018
has db xref: MA:0001461
has db xref: UMLS:C0222661
has db xref: galen:CorticalBone
has exact synonym: bony cortex
has exact synonym: compact bone
has exact synonym: compact bone tissue
has exact synonym: cortical bone
has exact synonym: cortical bone tissue
has exact synonym: cortical region of bone
has exact synonym: substantia compacta (pars ossea)
has exact synonym: substantia corticalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001439
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: MP distinguishes compact/cortical bone. in other AOs they are syns
subclass of: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002482

forelimb skeleton
definition: The collection of all skeletal elements in a free forelimb region. Excludes the pectoral girdle
editor note: TODO - find a home for: FMA:24139 ! skeleton of upper limb
UBPROP_0000001: Skeletal structure of the paired, anterior appendages.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: AAO:0000202
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002222
has db xref: EMAPA:32623
has db xref: FMA:24142
has db xref: VHOG:0001256
has db xref: VSAO:0000151
has db xref: XAO:0003061
has exact synonym: bones of upper limb
has exact synonym: fore limb skeleton
has exact synonym: forelimb skeleton
has exact synonym: free upper limb skeleton
has exact synonym: ossa membri superioris
has exact synonym: pectoral limb skeleton
has exact synonym: set of bones of upper limb
has exact synonym: skeleton of forelimb
has exact synonym: skeleton of free upper limb
has exact synonym: skeleton of pectoral limb
has exact synonym: skeleton of upper limb
has exact synonym: upper limb skeleton
has narrow synonym: wing skeleton
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001440
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004381
subclass of: UBERON_0007272
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012475
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: subdivision of
  some values from: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0007831
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010912
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: subdivision of
    some values from: UBERON_0002102

hindlimb skeleton
definition: Subdivision of skeleton consisting of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb region.
UBPROP_0000001: Skeletal structure of the paired, posterior appendages.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: AAO:0000217
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002226
has db xref: EMAPA:32633
has db xref: FMA:24144
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZcKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: VHOG:0001255
has db xref: VSAO:0000152
has db xref: XAO:0003062
has exact synonym: bones of lower limb
has exact synonym: free lower limb skeleton
has exact synonym: hind limb skeleton
has exact synonym: hind-limb skeleton
has exact synonym: hindlimb skeleton
has exact synonym: lower limb skeleton
has exact synonym: ossa membri inferioris
has exact synonym: set of bones of lower limb
has exact synonym: skeleton of free lower limb
has exact synonym: skeleton of lower limb
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001441
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: TOOD - find a home for: FMA:24140
subclass of: UBERON_0004381
subclass of: UBERON_0007273
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012476
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: subdivision of
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0007832
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010912
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: subdivision of
    some values from: UBERON_0002103

skeleton of manus
definition: Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a manus, which is the distal section of the anterior forelimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the wrist, palm, and fingers)[Phenoscape].
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002227
has db xref: FMA:24159
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdHPJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: VSAO:0005020
has exact synonym: anterior autopodium skeleton
has exact synonym: bones of hand
has exact synonym: fore autopod skeleton
has exact synonym: forelimb autopod skeleton
has exact synonym: hand region skeleton
has exact synonym: hand skeleton
has exact synonym: manual skeleton
has exact synonym: manus skeleton
has exact synonym: ossa manus
has exact synonym: set of bones of hand
has exact synonym: skeleton of hand
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior autopodium
has related synonym: manus
id: UBERON:0001442
type: Class
comment: here 'manus' includes both the wrist region, metatarsal region and acropodial region
subclass of: UBERON_0006717
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: subdivision of
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: forelimb skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010912
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: subdivision of
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

chest
definition: Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA].
editor note: FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions
UBPROP_0000007: pectoral
UBPROP_0000007: thoracic
has db xref: Chest
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0817096
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1527391
has db xref: Thorax
has db xref: BTO:0001368
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1039
has db xref: EFO:0000965
has db xref: EV:0100010
has db xref: FMA:9576
has db xref: GAID:91
has db xref: MA:0000031
has db xref: MAT:0000295
has db xref: MESH:A01.911
has db xref: MIAA:0000295
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVikFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0817096
has db xref: UMLS:C1527391
has db xref: galen:Chest
has db xref: galen:Thorax
has exact synonym: anterolateral part of thorax
has exact synonym: front of thorax
has exact synonym: pectus
has exact synonym: ventral part of thoracic region
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: thoracic body wall
has related synonym: thorax
id: UBERON:0001443
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009569
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: thoracic segment of trunk

subdivision of head
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/123852005
has db xref: FMA:24218
has db xref: XAO:0000040
has exact synonym: head region
has exact synonym: head subdivision
has exact synonym: region of head
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001444
in subset: non informative
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head

skeleton of pes
definition: Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a pes, which is the distal section of the posterior hindlimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the ankle, sole, and toes)[Phenoscape].
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002228
has db xref: FMA:24222
has db xref: VSAO:0005021
has exact synonym: foot region skeleton
has exact synonym: foot skeleton
has exact synonym: pedal skeleton
has exact synonym: pes skeleton
has exact synonym: posterior autopodium skeleton
has exact synonym: set of bones of foot
has exact synonym: skeleton of foot
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pes
has related synonym: posterior autopodium
id: UBERON:0001445
type: Class
comment: here 'pes' includes both the ankle region, metatarsals and acropodial region
subclass of: UBERON_0006717
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: subdivision of
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hindlimb skeleton
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010912
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: subdivision of
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

fibula
definition: The major postaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape].
UBPROP_0000001: One of the two long bones of endochondral origin of the hind-epipodium; it is a rather more slender bone than the tibia but of about the same length.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000007: fibular
has db xref: Fibula
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0016068
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302529003
has db xref: AAO:0000891
has db xref: BTO:0002346
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2203
has db xref: EFO:0003052
has db xref: EMAPA:18512
has db xref: EMAPA:19141
has db xref: FMA:24479
has db xref: GAID:202
has db xref: MA:0001360
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.500.321
has db xref: UMLS:C0016068
has db xref: galen:Fibula
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001446
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003608
subclass of: UBERON_0004251
subclass of: UBERON_0015013
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010851
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: postaxialmost_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010720
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010720
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015013
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

tarsal bone
definition: A bone that is part of the tarsal skeleton. Examples: calcaneus, talus, centralia.
UBPROP_0000008: In primitive tetrapods, such as Trematops, the tarsus consists of three rows of bones. There are three proximal tarsals, the tibiale, intermedium, and fibulare, named for their points of articulation with the bones of the lower limb. These are followed by a second row of four bones, referred to as the centralia (singular: centrale), and then a row of five distal tarsals, each articulating with a single metatarsal. In the great majority of tetrapods, including all of those alive today, this simple pattern is modified by the loss and fusion of various of the bones.[3] In reptiles and mammals, there are normally just two proximal tarsals, the calcaneus (equivalent to the amphibian fibulare) and the talus (probably derived from a fusion of multiple bones). In mammals, including humans, the talus forms a hinge joint with the tibia, a feature especially well developed in the artiodactyls. The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found in reptiles, which have a relatively simple structure to both bones.[3] The fifth distal tarsal disappears relatively early in evolution, with the remainder becoming the cuneiform and cuboid bones. Reptiles usually retain two centralia, while mammals typically have only one (the navicular).[3] In birds, the tarsus has disappeared, with the proximal tarsals having fused with the tibia, the centralia having disappeared, and the distal bones having fused with the metatarsals to form a single tarsometatarsus bone, effectively giving the leg a third segment
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039316
has db xref: Tarsal Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/108372004
has db xref: BTO:0002343
has db xref: EMAPA:25072
has db xref: FMA:24491
has db xref: GAID:194
has db xref: MA:0000297
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.300.710
has db xref: UMLS:C0039316
has db xref: galen:TarsalBone
has exact synonym: ankle bone
has exact synonym: bone of ankle
has exact synonym: bone of tarsal skeleton
has exact synonym: bone of tarsus
has exact synonym: ossa tarsalia
has exact synonym: ossa tarsi
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bony tarsus
has related synonym: hind mesopodium
has related synonym: tarsal
has related synonym: tarsus osseus
id: UBERON:0001447
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003656
subclass of: UBERON_0005899
subclass of: UBERON_0015050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010541
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004454
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bone element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0004454

metatarsal bone
definition: The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the pes located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-pes and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (side of big toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the manus. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Metatarsal bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0025584
has db xref: Metatarsal Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302532000
has db xref: BTO:0002347
has db xref: EMAPA:36159
has db xref: FMA:24492
has db xref: GAID:193
has db xref: MA:0000303
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.300.492
has db xref: UMLS:C0025584
has db xref: galen:Metatarsal
has exact synonym: metatarsal
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ossa metatarsalia
has related synonym: ossa metatarsi
id: UBERON:0001448
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003608
subclass of: UBERON_0003821
subclass of: UBERON_0012359
subclass of: UBERON_0015036
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: metatarsus region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connected to
  some values from: phalanx of pes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connected to
  some values from: tarsal bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010545
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bone element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: metatarsus region

phalanx of pes
definition: A phalanx that is part of a hindlimb autopod[Automatically generated definition].
UBPROP_0000001: Dumb-bell shaped bones of endochondral origin with cartilaginous epiphyses that make the five digits of the pes. The terminal phalanges are much smaller than the proximal and penultimate phalanges. The typical phalangeal formula of the pes, in a medial to lateral sequence, is 2(1)-2-3-4(3)-3(2).[AAO]
has alternative id: UBERON:0004272
has broad synonym: digital bone of pes
has db xref: Phalanges of the foot
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0584876
has db xref: Foot Phalanx
has db xref: Phalanx of the Foot
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302533005
has db xref: AAO:0000930
has db xref: EMAPA:32941
has db xref: FMA:24493
has db xref: MA:0000305
has db xref: UMLS:C0584876
has exact synonym: digitus pedis phalanx
has exact synonym: foot digit phalanx
has exact synonym: foot phalanx
has exact synonym: pedal phalanx
has exact synonym: phalanx of digit of foot
has exact synonym: phalanx of digitus pedis
has exact synonym: phalanx of foot digit
has exact synonym: phalanx of hind digit
has exact synonym: phalanx of pes
has exact synonym: phalanx of toe
has exact synonym: toe phalanx
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bone of toe
has related synonym: phalanges of hind digit
id: UBERON:0001449
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003221
subclass of: UBERON_0003608
subclass of: UBERON_0004248
subclass of: UBERON_0015030
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010685
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pedal digit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010696
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_5101466
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003221
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

calcaneus
definition: The postaxial bone of the proximal tarsals series[Phenoscape].
UBPROP_0000007: calcaneal
UBPROP_0000008: synonymous with the fibulare of basal tetrapods.
has db xref: Calcaneus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0006655
has db xref: Calcaneum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182099002
has db xref: BTO:0002355
has db xref: EMAPA:19134
has db xref: FMA:24496
has db xref: MA:0001348
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.300.710.300
has db xref: UMLS:C0006655
has db xref: VSAO:0005016
has db xref: galen:Calcaneum
has exact synonym: calcaneal bone
has exact synonym: calcaneum
has exact synonym: os calcis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: calcanei
has related synonym: fibulare
has related synonym: heel bone
has related synonym: os tarsi fibulare
id: UBERON:0001450
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011679
subclass of: UBERON_0015014
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: postaxialmost_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010842
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015014
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

navicular bone of pes
definition: the oval-shaped tarsal bone found between the talus and the 3 cuneiform bones
UBPROP_0000001: Oval tarsal element that is located on the center of the mesopodium. It articulates with all other elements of the tarsus except tarsal 5.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000008: connections vary depending on species. AAO: Oval tarsal element that is located on the center of the mesopodium. It articulates with all other elements of the tarsus except tarsal 5. In humans: there is a cuboid instead of distal tarsal 4 and 5 - may articulate laterally with the cuboid
has broad synonym: centrale
has db xref: Navicular bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0223947
has db xref: Navicular Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182100005
has db xref: AAO:0000924
has db xref: BTO:0002356
has db xref: EMAPA:36180
has db xref: FMA:24499
has db xref: MA:0001349
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv67esJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0223947
has db xref: galen:Navicular
has exact synonym: centrale (hind)
has exact synonym: navicular
has exact synonym: navicular bone of foot
has exact synonym: navicular of foot
has exact synonym: navicular of pes
has exact synonym: os naviculare
has exact synonym: os naviculare pedis
has exact synonym: os tarsi centrale
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: central tarsal bone
has related synonym: os naviculare
id: UBERON:0001451
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: tarsal bone
subclass of: UBERON_0012131
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: distally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0010721
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0002395

distal tarsal bone 1
definition: Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 1.
UBPROP_0000001: Small element that articulates with the prehallux, metatarsal I and element Y. It may be fused to tarsal 2.[AAO]
has db xref: Medial cuneiform bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1512869
has db xref: Internal Cuneiform Bone of the Foot
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182116007
has db xref: AAO:0000918
has db xref: BTO:0002360
has db xref: EMAPA:36176
has db xref: FMA:24518
has db xref: MA:0001352
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYtfH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C1512869
has db xref: VSAO:0005052
has db xref: galen:MedialCuneiform
has exact synonym: cuneiforme 1
has exact synonym: distal tarsal 1
has exact synonym: entocuneiforme
has exact synonym: first cuneiform
has exact synonym: first cuneiform bone
has exact synonym: medial cuneiform
has exact synonym: medial cuneiform bone
has exact synonym: os cuneiforme mediale
has exact synonym: os tarsale I
has exact synonym: tarsal 1
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: 1st cuneiform
has related synonym: foot distal carpal bone 1
has related synonym: os cuneiform primum
has related synonym: os cuneiforme mediale
has related synonym: os cuneiforme primum
has related synonym: ossa cuneiforme mediale
id: UBERON:0001452
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010721
subclass of: UBERON_0015102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: distally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0003650
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: navicular bone of pes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0015103
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015102
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

distal tarsal bone 2
definition: Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 2.
UBPROP_0000001: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal II. It may be fused to tarsal 1 or to tarsal 3.[AAO]
has db xref: Intermediate cuneiform bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1513292
has db xref: Middle Cuneiform Bone of the Foot
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/179512006
has db xref: AAO:0000919
has db xref: BTO:0002359
has db xref: EMAPA:36177
has db xref: FMA:24519
has db xref: MA:0001353
has db xref: UMLS:C1513292
has db xref: VSAO:0005053
has db xref: galen:IntermediateCuneiform
has exact synonym: cuneiforme 2
has exact synonym: distal tarsal 2
has exact synonym: intermediate cuneiform
has exact synonym: mesocuneiforme
has exact synonym: middle cuneiform
has exact synonym: middle cuneiform bone of foot
has exact synonym: os cuneiforme intermedium
has exact synonym: os tarsale II
has exact synonym: second cuneiform bone
has exact synonym: second cuneiform bone of foot
has exact synonym: tarsal 2
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: 2nd cuneiform
has related synonym: foot distal carpal bone 2
has related synonym: intermediate cuneiform bone
has related synonym: os cuneiforme intermedium
has related synonym: os cuneiforme secundum
id: UBERON:0001453
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: The intermediate cuneiform (also known as second cuneiform / middle cuneiform) is shaped like a wedge, the thin end pointing downwards. It is situated between the other two cuneiforms (the medial and lateral cuneiforms), and articulates with the navicular posteriorly, the second metatarsal anteriorly and with the other cuneiforms on either side. [WP,unvetted]
subclass of: UBERON_0010721
subclass of: UBERON_0015105
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0015106
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: distally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0003651
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: navicular bone of pes
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015105
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

distal tarsal bone 3
definition: Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 3.
UBPROP_0000001: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metatarsal III. It may be fused to tarsal 2.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000005: In some types, the cuneiform is found as two or three bones, in which case the more anterior ('dorsal' in dorsal/plantar terminology) is the ectocuneiform, while the more posterior or plantar bones are the mesocuneiform and entocuneiform.[Palaeos]
has db xref: Lateral cuneiform bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1517036
has db xref: External Cuneiform Bone of the Foot
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182117003
has db xref: AAO:0000920
has db xref: BTO:0002358
has db xref: EMAPA:36178
has db xref: FMA:24520
has db xref: MA:0001354
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvoLPu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C1517036
has db xref: VSAO:0005054
has db xref: galen:LateralCuneiform
has exact synonym: cuneiforme 3
has exact synonym: distal tarsal 3
has exact synonym: ectocuneiforme
has exact synonym: external cuneiform
has exact synonym: external cuneiform bone of foot
has exact synonym: lateral cuneiform
has exact synonym: lateral cuneiform bone
has exact synonym: os cuneiforme laterale
has exact synonym: os tarsale III
has exact synonym: tarsal 3
has exact synonym: third cuneiform bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: 3rd cuneiform
has related synonym: foor distal carpal bone 3
has related synonym: os cuneiforme laterale
has related synonym: os cuneiforme tertium
has related synonym: ossa cuneiforme laterale
id: UBERON:0001454
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: The lateral cuneiform (also known as third cuneiform / external cuneiform) intermediate in size between the other two cuneiform bones, is also wedge-shaped, the base being uppermost. It occupies the center of the front row of the tarsal bones, between the second cuneiform medially, the cuboid laterally, the navicular posteriorly and the third metatarsal in front. [WP,unvetted]
subclass of: UBERON_0010721
subclass of: UBERON_0015108
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: navicular bone of pes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: distally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0003652
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0015109
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009879
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015108
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

cuboid bone
definition: A tarsal bone that is formed from distal tarsals 4 and 5. [WP,modified].
UBPROP_0000013: NominaAnatomicaVeterinaria uses os cuboideum as an official synonym for distal tarsal IV, but some sources also use this as the label for the human cuboid bone which is regarded to be formed from tarsals IV and V. We therefore decline to use exact syns in either case.
has db xref: Cuboid bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0376381
has db xref: Cuboid Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182101009
has db xref: BTO:0002357
has db xref: EMAPA:36175
has db xref: FMA:24527
has db xref: MA:0001355
has db xref: UMLS:C0376381
has db xref: galen:Cuboid
has exact synonym: cuboid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cuboideum
has related synonym: distal tarsal bones 4 and 5
has related synonym: foot distal tarsal bone 4 and 5
has related synonym: os cuboideum
has related synonym: os tarsale IV et V
id: UBERON:0001455
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010721
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_fused_element
  some values from: UBERON_0010738
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_fused_element
  some values from: UBERON_0010737
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0010721
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_fused_element
    some values from: UBERON_0010737
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_fused_element
    some values from: UBERON_0010738

face
definition: A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and olfactory apparatus (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc).
UBPROP_0000001: Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face.
UBPROP_0000001: The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO].
UBPROP_0000007: facial
UBPROP_0000011: The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence)
has db xref: Face
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015450
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302549007
has db xref: BTO:0003369
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2216
has db xref: EMAPA:32763
has db xref: FMA:24728
has db xref: GAID:64
has db xref: HAO:0000316
has db xref: MA:0002473
has db xref: MESH:A01.456.505
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0015450
has db xref: galen:Face
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: facia/facies
has related synonym: visage
id: UBERON:0001456
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: subdivision of head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: mouth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: head

skin of eyelid
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a eyelid [Automatically generated definition].
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222088
has db xref: Eyelid Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245947005
has db xref: FMA:24760
has db xref: MA:0001256
has db xref: UMLS:C0222088
has exact synonym: blepharon zone of skin
has exact synonym: eyelid skin
has exact synonym: eyelid zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of blepharon
has exact synonym: zone of skin of eyelid
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001457
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_1000021
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: eyelid
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: eyelid

skin of lip
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition].
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222101
has db xref: Skin of the Lip
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244092005
has db xref: FMA:24764
has db xref: MA:0001579
has db xref: UMLS:C0222101
has exact synonym: lip skin
has exact synonym: lip zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of lip
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: skin of lips
id: UBERON:0001458
type: Class
subclass of: skin of head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lip
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: lip

skin of external ear
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222110
has db xref: Ear Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244073008
has db xref: EMAPA:35301
has db xref: FMA:24775
has db xref: MA:0001233
has db xref: UMLS:C0222110
has exact synonym: auricular region of head zone of skin
has exact synonym: auricular region zone of skin
has exact synonym: ear skin
has exact synonym: external ear skin
has exact synonym: external ear zone of skin
has exact synonym: outer ear zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of auricular region
has exact synonym: zone of skin of auricular region of head
has exact synonym: zone of skin of external ear
has exact synonym: zone of skin of outer ear
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001459
type: Class
subclass of: skin of head
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: external ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pinna
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: external ear

arm
definition: The part of the forelimb extending from the shoulder to the autopod[cjm].
editor note: currently declared as overlapping hand, as AOs disagree over whether some wrist parts are in the arm or hand
curator notes: this class refers to the combination of the stylopod and zeugopod of a forelimb. Sometimes (cf FMA), 'arm' denotes the stylopod only; sometimes (cf MA), 'arm' denotes the part of the forelimb covering both (i.e. shoulder to hand). Also note distinction between arm and forelimb: hand is part of forelimb, but not part of arm
UBPROP_0000003: Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Arm
has db xref: BTO:0001435
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2204
has db xref: EFO:0001410
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000140
has db xref: EHDAA:4164
has db xref: EHDAA:6210
has db xref: EHDAA:8275
has db xref: EMAPA:17413
has db xref: GAID:52
has db xref: MA:0000033
has db xref: MESH:A01.378.800
has db xref: MESH:A01.378.800.075
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjp5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: VHOG:0000339
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: brachium
has related synonym: upper extremity
id: UBERON:0001460
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006058
subclass of: UBERON_0008785
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: distally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proximally connected to
  some values from: shoulder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002102

elbow
definition: The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint—the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific].
UBPROP_0000007: cubital
UBPROP_0000013: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group
has db xref: Elbow
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/76248009
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2222
has db xref: EFO:0003069
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000429
has db xref: EHDAA:4166
has db xref: EHDAA:6212
has db xref: EMAPA:17414
has db xref: FMA:24901
has db xref: GAID:54
has db xref: MA:0000036
has db xref: MESH:A01.378.800.420
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: VHOG:0000340
has db xref: galen:Elbow
has exact synonym: cubital region
has exact synonym: elbow limb segment
has exact synonym: elbow region
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: articulatio cubiti
id: UBERON:0001461
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008785
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: arm

manual digit 1
definition: 1st (preaxial) digit of the manus[Wikipedia].
ambiguous_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 8782
UBPROP_0000008: Not present in Anurans (Phenotype RCN Oct 2012)
UBPROP_0000008: This class represents the standard tetrapod configuration. Wagner proposes that avian digits I,II,III develop from C2,C3,C4. To support this scheme we have separate classes representing the avian digits (here called alula, manual digit, major digit).
has broad synonym: digitus 1
has broad synonym: digitus I
has broad synonym: digitus primus
has broad synonym: digitus primus [I]
has db xref: Thumb
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0040067
has db xref: Hand Digit 1
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302540006
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/69603001
has db xref: AAO:0010639
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000511
has db xref: EMAPA:17429
has db xref: FMA:24938
has db xref: GAID:58
has db xref: MA:0000454
has db xref: MESH:A01.378.800.667.430.705
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjVbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0040067
has exact synonym: digit 1 of fore-paw
has exact synonym: digit 1 of manus
has exact synonym: finger 1
has exact synonym: first digit of hand
has exact synonym: fore digit I
has exact synonym: fore limb digit 1
has exact synonym: hand digit 1
has exact synonym: manual digit 1
has exact synonym: manual digit I
has exact synonym: pollex
has narrow synonym: alula
has narrow synonym: forelimb dewclaw
has narrow synonym: hand digit 1
has narrow synonym: thumb
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: first finger
id: UBERON:0001463
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006048
subclass of: UBERON_0019231
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_5001463
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012141
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: preaxialmost_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0006048
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

hip
definition: The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified].
UBPROP_0000003: The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: coxal
UBPROP_0000012: See notes for shoulder. in BTO this is part of the abdomen - this creates an inconsistency if limb and abdomen are spatially disjoint
has db xref: Hip
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0019552
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302543008
has db xref: BTO:0001457
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2226
has db xref: EFO:0001929
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000783
has db xref: EHDAA:5153
has db xref: EHDAA:6178
has db xref: EMAPA:17490
has db xref: FMA:24964
has db xref: GAID:47
has db xref: MA:0000045
has db xref: MESH:A01.378.610.400
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjhy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0019552
has db xref: VHOG:0000346
has db xref: galen:Hip
has exact synonym: hip region
has exact synonym: regio coxae
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: coxa
id: UBERON:0001464
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010709
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pelvic girdle region

knee
definition: A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361291001
has db xref: BTO:0003595
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2220
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000895
has db xref: EHDAA:5159
has db xref: EHDAA:6184
has db xref: EMAPA:17493
has db xref: FMA:24974
has db xref: GAID:48
has db xref: MA:0000046
has db xref: MESH:A01.378.610.450
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjPKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: VHOG:0000347
has db xref: galen:Knee
has exact synonym: knee region
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001465
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008784
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: leg

pedal digit
definition: A digit that is part of a pes (foot).
has alternative id: UBERON:0000027
has db xref: Toe
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0040357
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/116667001
has db xref: AAO:0000888
has db xref: BTO:0002348
has db xref: EMAPA:32649
has db xref: FMA:25046
has db xref: GAID:44
has db xref: MA:0000048
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjCHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0040357
has db xref: XAO:0003035
has db xref: galen:Toe
has exact synonym: digit of foot
has exact synonym: digit of terminal segment of lower limb
has exact synonym: digiti pedis
has exact synonym: digitus pedis
has exact synonym: foot digit
has exact synonym: hind digit
has exact synonym: hind_digit
has exact synonym: hindlimb digit
has exact synonym: pedal digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue
has exact synonym: pes digit
has exact synonym: toe
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: digiti pedis
has related synonym: digitipedis
id: UBERON:0001466
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002544
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_5001466
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012142
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

shoulder
definition: A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle).
UBPROP_0000003: (...) endochondral elements of the early tetrapod shoulder develop from two centers of ossification, giving rise to a scapula and a 'coracoid'.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: In FMA, the shoulder is part of the pectoral girdle region. in MA, shoulder structures like shoulder joints, bones, nerves etc are part of the shoulder and the forelimb. E.g. humerus is a shoulder bone
has db xref: Shoulder
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0037004
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361103004
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2229
has db xref: EFO:0003068
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001834
has db xref: EHDAA:4180
has db xref: EHDAA:6228
has db xref: EMAPA:17421
has db xref: FMA:25202
has db xref: GAID:60
has db xref: MA:0000038
has db xref: MESH:A01.378.800.750
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0037004
has db xref: VHOG:0000342
has db xref: galen:Shoulder
has exact synonym: shoulder region
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: articulatio humeri
id: UBERON:0001467
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organism subdivision
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0016884
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010708
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pectoral girdle region

intervertebral joint
definition: The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies. May be composed of the nucleus pulposus, annular ligament, and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments.
UBPROP_0000012: FMA has 'intervertebral joint' as a GAT, and has two distinct classes 'intervertebral symphysis' and 'intervertebral syndesmosis', but note that the latter do not connect the centra
has broad synonym: vertebral joint
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1182940
has db xref: Vertebral Joint
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244512000
has db xref: FMA:25511
has db xref: MA:0001514
has db xref: UMLS:C1182940
has exact synonym: inter-centrum joint
has exact synonym: inter-vertebral joint
has exact synonym: intervertebral symphysis
has exact synonym: joint of vertebral body
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001468
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002216
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: bony vertebral centrum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vertebral column
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      min qualified cardinality: 2
      on class: bony vertebral centrum
      on property: connects
    intersection of: Restriction
      max qualified cardinality: 2
      on class: bony vertebral centrum
      on property: connects

sternoclavicular joint
definition: The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc. The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni, and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the sternum, and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. The ligaments of this joint are: Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk [WP,unvetted].
has broad synonym: sternoclavicular
has db xref: Sternoclavicular articulation
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038291
has db xref: Sternoclavicular Joint
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182165002
has db xref: EMAPA:19203
has db xref: FMA:25883
has db xref: GAID:270
has db xref: MA:0001507
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.781
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv_eLJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwI-ZZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0038291
has exact synonym: sterno clavicular joint
has exact synonym: sternoclavicular articulation
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: articulatio sternoclavicularis
id: UBERON:0001469
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011108
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: sternum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: clavicle bone
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: sternum
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: clavicle bone

glenohumeral joint
definition: The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted].
editor note: note that in this ontology 'glenoid fossa' is a cavity (consistent with FMA) - consider adding a class for the surface of the scapula that is adjacent to this cavity, and making a more explicit connects relationship
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA, this is part of the bony pectoral girdle, alongside the skeleton of pectoral girdle
has broad synonym: joint of shoulder
has broad synonym: shoulder joint
has db xref: Glenohumeral joint
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0037009
has db xref: Shoulder Joint
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182168000
has db xref: EMAPA:19105
has db xref: FMA:25912
has db xref: GAID:269
has db xref: MA:0000459
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.748
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP32BZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0037009
has db xref: VHOG:0001002
has db xref: galen:ShoulderJoint
has exact synonym: articulatio humeri
has exact synonym: humeral joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: humeroscapular joint
id: UBERON:0001470
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011108
subclass of: UBERON_0011139
subclass of: UBERON_0016884
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: shoulder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004753
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: humerus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0006657
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: humerus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: UBERON_0006849

skin of prepuce of penis
definition: the loose fold of skin that covers the penis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/39059001
has db xref: EV:0100109
has db xref: FMA:27648
has db xref: MA:0001744
has db xref: VHOG:0001342
has exact synonym: foreskin of penis
has exact synonym: penis foreskin
has exact synonym: preputial skin
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001471
type: Class
subclass of: skin of penis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: penis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: prepuce of penis
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: prepuce of penis

vaginal venous plexus
definition: The vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina; they communicate with the uterine, vesical, and hemorrhoidal plexuses, and are drained by the vaginal veins, one on either side, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Vaginal venous plexus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/294653003
has db xref: FMA:29713
has db xref: MA:0002257
has exact synonym: venous vaginal plexus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: plexus venosus vaginalis
id: UBERON:0001472
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: venous plexus
subclass of: UBERON_0005156
subclass of: UBERON_0006876
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vagina
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: venous plexus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: vagina

lymphatic vessel
definition: A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO].
UBPROP_0000001: A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: A vessel that contains or conveys lymph.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Tetrapods have evolved distinct lymphatic systems, in which lymphatic capillaries help drain most of the tissues of the body.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Lymphatic vessel
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229889
has db xref: Lymphatic Vessel
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279089004
has db xref: AAO:0011005
has db xref: BTO:0000752
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2102
has db xref: EFO:0000873
has db xref: EMAPA:35532
has db xref: FMA:30315
has db xref: MA:0000138
has db xref: MAT:0000443
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwA1fYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0005105
has db xref: UMLS:C0229889
has db xref: VHOG:0001249
has db xref: XAO:0000375
has exact synonym: lymph vessel
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vas lymphaticum
id: UBERON:0001473
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: vessel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002405
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006558
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0002391
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004536

bone element
definition: Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
UBPROP_0000001: Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG]
has db xref: Bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0262950
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/90780006
has db xref: AAO:0000047
has db xref: AEO:0000082
has db xref: BTO:0000140
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0088
has db xref: EFO:0000298
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003082
has db xref: EMAPA:32782
has db xref: ENVO:00002039
has db xref: EV:0100140
has db xref: FMA:30317
has db xref: FMA:5018
has db xref: GAID:92
has db xref: MA:0001459
has db xref: MAT:0000299
has db xref: MIAA:0000299
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViDlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001514
has db xref: UMLS:C0262950
has db xref: VHOG:0001190
has db xref: VSAO:0000057
has db xref: XAO:0000169
has db xref: ZFA:0001514
has db xref: galen:Bone
has exact synonym: bone element
has exact synonym: bone organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bone
id: UBERON:0001474
in subset: efo slim
in subset: major organ
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skeletal system
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004765
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

obsolete ligament
consider: FMA:30319
consider: UBERON:0000211
consider: UBERON:0002360
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001475
type: Class
comment: made obsolete as it incorrectly grouped classes
deprecated: true

deltoid
definition: A muscle of shoulder which attaches to the scapula, clavicle and humerus.[FMA,generalized]
UBPROP_0000001: Muscle which originates as three heads, the pars externalis, pars clavicularis, and pars scapularis. The pars externalis originates from the lateral border of the omosternum and inserts on the distal portion of the humerus. The pars clavicularis originates from the ventro-lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The pars scapularis originates from the lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus.[AAO]
has db xref: Deltoid muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224234
has db xref: Deltoid
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181620007
has db xref: AAO:0010716
has db xref: EFO:0001412
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000339
has db xref: EMAPA:18177
has db xref: FMA:32521
has db xref: MA:0002286
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0224234
has db xref: VHOG:0000846
has exact synonym: deltoid muscle
has exact synonym: m. deltoideus
has exact synonym: musculus deltoideus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: common shoulder muscle
has related synonym: deltoideus
has related synonym: deltoideus muscle
has related synonym: musculus deltoideus
id: UBERON:0001476
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: We use a generic definition that includes the deltoideus as represented in AAO: 'Muscle which originates as three heads, the pars externalis, pars clavicularis, and pars scapularis. The pars externalis originates from the lateral border of the omosternum and inserts on the distal portion of the humerus. The pars clavicularis originates from the ventro-lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The pars scapularis originates from the lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus'. Kardong: Dorsal group
subclass of: muscle of shoulder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006219
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002036
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: clavicle bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002497
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: latissimus dorsi muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: clavicle bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008713
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: axillary nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: humerus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002498
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002498
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: humerus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: clavicle bone
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: UBERON_0006849

infraspinatus muscle
definition: The infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa. The infraspinatus is a muscle of the rotator cuff. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000008: The pectoral muscles — the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor — evolved from a primitive muscle sheet that connected the coracoid to the humerus. In late reptilians and early mammals, this muscle structure was displaced dorsally; while most of its components evolved into the pectoralis major, some fibers eventually attached to the scapula and evolved into the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, and parts of the subscapularis.
has db xref: Infraspinatus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0584882
has db xref: Infraspinatus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/277439009
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000826
has db xref: EHDAA:8305
has db xref: EMAPA:18526
has db xref: FMA:32546
has db xref: MA:0002323
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwVT4_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0584882
has db xref: VHOG:0000921
has exact synonym: infraspinatus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: infrascapularis
has related synonym: musculus infraspinatus
id: UBERON:0001477
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle of shoulder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0011187
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: evolved from
  some values from: UBERON_0014840
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003683

teres major muscle
definition: Teres major is a muscle of the upper limb and one of six scapulohumeral muscles. It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Teres major muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224232
has db xref: Teres Major Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/277444002
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002004
has db xref: EHDAA:8321
has db xref: EMAPA:19110
has db xref: FMA:32549
has db xref: MA:0002392
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJZqBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0224232
has db xref: VHOG:0000750
has exact synonym: teres major
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus teres major
id: UBERON:0001478
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010467
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0007175
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: humerus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010988

sesamoid bone
definition: A sesamoid element that is composed of bone tissue.
has broad synonym: sesamoid
has db xref: Sesamoid bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036846
has db xref: Sesamoid Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362914002
has db xref: AEO:0000086
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003086
has db xref: FMA:32672
has db xref: GAID:210
has db xref: MA:0001375
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.730
has db xref: UMLS:C0036846
has db xref: galen:SessamoidBone
has exact synonym: ossa sesamoidea
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001479
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage.[VSAO]
subclass of: bone element
subclass of: UBERON_0013631
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0013631
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

proximal carpal bone
definition: A carpal bone that proximally_connected_to a forelimb zeugopod skeleton.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/306715004
has db xref: EMAPA:36164
has db xref: FMA:33302
has db xref: MA:0002557
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001480
type: Class
subclass of: carpal bone
subclass of: UBERON_0014395
subclass of: UBERON_0015078
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0015079
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015078
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

distal carpal bone
definition: A distal carpal endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue.
UBPROP_0000001: Series of elements that articulate with the metacarpals.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000008: Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/306716003
has db xref: AAO:0000847
has db xref: EMAPA:36168
has db xref: FMA:33303
has db xref: MA:0002558
has exact synonym: distal carpal
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001481
type: Class
subclass of: carpal bone
subclass of: UBERON_0015068
subclass of: UBERON_0018102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0015069
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: distally connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0002374
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015068
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

muscle of shoulder
definition: A muscle organ that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: EMAPA:36154
has db xref: FMA:33531
has db xref: MA:0000633
has exact synonym: muscle organ of shoulder
has exact synonym: shoulder muscle
has exact synonym: shoulder muscle organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001482
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010891
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004476
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: shoulder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: shoulder

skin of shoulder
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a shoulder region.
UBPROP_0000012: in MA this is a subclass of forelimb skin, but this violates part-disjointness in Uberon
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244131002
has db xref: EMAPA:18059
has db xref: FMA:34830
has db xref: MA:0000635
has exact synonym: shoulder skin
has exact synonym: shoulder zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of shoulder
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001483
type: Class
subclass of: zone of skin
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: shoulder
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: shoulder

articular capsule
definition: An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000012: check ncita
has db xref: Articular capsule
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0206207
has db xref: Capsular Ligament
has db xref: Joint Capsule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182238002
has db xref: FMA:34836
has db xref: GAID:263
has db xref: MA:0001519
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.443
has db xref: UMLS:C0206207
has db xref: galen:JointCapsule
has exact synonym: capsula articularis
has exact synonym: fibrous capsule of joint
has exact synonym: joint capsule
has exact synonym: joint fibrous capsule
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: capsulae articulares
id: UBERON:0001484
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: membrane organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0007616
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: UBERON_0002217
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: membrane organ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: UBERON_0007616
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: surrounds
    some values from: UBERON_0002217

knee joint
definition: The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation[WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Knee
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022745
has db xref: Knee Joint
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182204005
has db xref: EFO:0001957
has db xref: EMAPA:19137
has db xref: FMA:35175
has db xref: GAID:114
has db xref: MA:0000471
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.475
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCuaYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0022745
has db xref: VHOG:0001003
has db xref: galen:KneeJoint
has exact synonym: joint of knee
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: articulatio genus
id: UBERON:0001485
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003840
subclass of: UBERON_0011139
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0002446
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006256
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: knee
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: tibia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: femur
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: tibia
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: femur
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: UBERON_0002446

hip joint
definition: A synovial joint that connects the femur to the acetbulum of the innominate bone.
has db xref: Articulation
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0019558
has db xref: Hip Joint
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182201002
has db xref: BTO:0001502
has db xref: EMAPA:19136
has db xref: FMA:35178
has db xref: GAID:262
has db xref: MA:0000470
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.411
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP32b5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0019558
has db xref: VHOG:0001001
has db xref: galen:HipJoint
has exact synonym: articulatio coxofemoralis
has exact synonym: femoro-iliac joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: coxal articulation
id: UBERON:0001486
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011107
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: femur
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006244
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: acetabular part of hip bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hip
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: femur
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: acetabular part of hip bone

pes joint
definition: A skeletal joint that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO check FMA - use the set class for now
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_71349
has db xref: Joints of foot
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244555001
has db xref: EMAPA:32949
has db xref: FMA:35194
has db xref: GAID:256
has db xref: MA:0000464
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.378
has exact synonym: articulationes pedis
has exact synonym: foot joint
has exact synonym: hind limb autopod joint
has exact synonym: joint of pes
has exact synonym: joint of terminal segment of free lower limb
has exact synonym: joints of foot
has exact synonym: pedal joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001487
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003840
subclass of: UBERON_0003841
subclass of: UBERON_0011139
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

ankle joint
definition: A joint that connects the hindlimb autopod and zeugopod skeletons.
UBPROP_0000008: todo - accurately represent different types of ankle joint
has db xref: Ankle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003087
has db xref: Ankle Joint
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182212002
has db xref: BTO:0004706
has db xref: EMAPA:35126
has db xref: FMA:35195
has db xref: GAID:257
has db xref: MA:0000463
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.378.062
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvwiy35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0003087
has db xref: galen:AnkleJoint
has narrow synonym: gambrel
has narrow synonym: hock
has narrow synonym: hock joint
has narrow synonym: talotibial joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mortise joint
has related synonym: talocrural articulation
has related synonym: talocrural joint
id: UBERON:0001488
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003840
subclass of: UBERON_0011139
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0010720
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: skeleton of pes
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: skeleton of pes
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: UBERON_0010720

manus joint
definition: A skeletal joint that is part of a manus (hand) [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO check FMA - use the set class for now
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_71345
has db xref: Joints of hand
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244546004
has db xref: EMAPA:32641
has db xref: MA:0000452
has exact synonym: articulationes manus
has exact synonym: hand joint
has exact synonym: joint of hand
has exact synonym: joint of manus
has exact synonym: joint of terminal segment of free upper limb
has exact synonym: manual joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001489
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003839
subclass of: UBERON_0003841
subclass of: UBERON_0011139
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

elbow joint
definition: A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol].
UBPROP_0000008: In human anatomy, the elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis
has db xref: Elbow
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013770
has db xref: Elbow Joint
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182169008
has db xref: EMAPA:19102
has db xref: FMA:35289
has db xref: GAID:253
has db xref: MA:0000451
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.290
has db xref: UMLS:C0013770
has db xref: VHOG:0000997
has db xref: galen:ElbowJoint
has exact synonym: articulatio cubiti
has exact synonym: cubital region joint
has exact synonym: joint of cubital region
has exact synonym: joint of elbow
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001490
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003839
subclass of: UBERON_0011139
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0010703
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: elbow
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006224
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: humerus
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: humerus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: UBERON_0010703

wrist joint
definition: A joint connecting the forelimb zeugopod skeleton with the carpal skeleton.
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA this includes radio-carpal and radio-ulnar *ligaments*
has db xref: Wrist
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1322271
has db xref: Wrist Joint
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182178002
has db xref: EMAPA:19205
has db xref: GAID:274
has db xref: MA:0000460
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.583.959
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZD2PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C1322271
has db xref: galen:WristJoint
has exact synonym: carpal region joint
has exact synonym: joint of carpal region
has exact synonym: joint of wrist
has narrow synonym: radiocarpal joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001491
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: manus joint
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0010703
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0009880
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004452
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: UBERON_0009880
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: UBERON_0010703

radial nerve
definition: The radial nerve is a nerve in the human body that supplies the upper limb. It supplies the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm, as well as the associated joints and overlying skin. It originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 & T1. The radial nerve and its branches supply the dorsal muscles, such as triceps brachii, the extrinsic extensors of the wrist and hands, and the cutaneous nerve supply to most of the back of the hand. (The ulnar nerve cutaneously innervates the back of the little finger and adjacent half of the ring finger). The radial nerve divides into a deep branch (which becomes the posterior interosseous nerve), and continues as the superficial branch which goes on to innervate the dorsum (back) of the hand. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Radial nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0034518
has db xref: Radial Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181011002
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001584
has db xref: EHDAA:5650
has db xref: EMAPA:17278
has db xref: FMA:37069
has db xref: GAID:845
has db xref: MA:0001171
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.050.700
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvfk7E5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0034518
has db xref: VHOG:0000896
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nervus radialis
id: UBERON:0001492
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003433
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: brachial nerve plexus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: arm

axillary nerve
definition: The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Axillary nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228885
has db xref: Axillary Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181009006
has db xref: EMAPA:18802
has db xref: FMA:37072
has db xref: MA:0001166
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvgwMfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0228885
has exact synonym: circumflex humeral nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: auxillery nerve
has related synonym: circumflex nerve
has related synonym: nervus axillaris
id: UBERON:0001493
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003433
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: arm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: brachial nerve plexus

ulnar nerve
definition: In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning, unprotected by muscle or bone), and the only unprotected nerve that does not serve a purely sensory function (those nerves specifically meant to perceive changes in the environment, such as nerves in the skin). This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, supplying the palmar side of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips, perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds. One method of injuring the nerve is to strike the medial epicondyle of the humerus from posteriorly, or inferiorly with the elbow flexed. The ulnar nerve is trapped between the bone and the overlying skin at this point. This is commonly referred to as hitting one's 'funny bone. ' This name is thought to be a pun, based on the sound resemblance between the words 'humerus' and 'humourous' . [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has alternative id: UBERON:0005668
has db xref: Ulnar nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0041602
has db xref: Ulnar Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181012009
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002099
has db xref: EHDAA:5652
has db xref: EMAPA:17279
has db xref: FMA:37319
has db xref: GAID:846
has db xref: MA:0001174
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.050.850
has db xref: UMLS:C0041602
has db xref: VHOG:0000922
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nervus ulnaris
id: UBERON:0001494
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003433
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: brachial nerve plexus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: arm

pectoral muscle
definition: Muscles of the upper chest. The term may refer to one of two muscles, the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor. The former is a thick muscle in the anterior portion of the chest. Its action involves flexion, medial rotation, and adduction of the humerus. The latter is a thin muscle located beneath the pectoralis major. Its action involves lowering the scapula and raising the ribs.
UBPROP_0000001: Muscle which is comprised of three heads. The anterior head is the portio epicoracoidea that originates on the epicoracoid cartilage and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The next more posterior head, portio sternalis, originates on the sternum and inserts in the groove next to the deltoid crest of the humerus. The most posterior head, portio abdominalis, arises from the M. rectus abdominis and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus.[AAO]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030747
has db xref: Pectoralis Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181621006
has db xref: AAO:0010727
has db xref: BTO:0000023
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0751
has db xref: EMAPA:35670
has db xref: FMA:37349
has db xref: GAID:153
has db xref: MA:0002423
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.567.775
has db xref: UMLS:C0030747
has exact synonym: M. pectoralis
has exact synonym: muscle of pectoral part of chest
has exact synonym: muscle of pectoral region
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: breast muscle
has related synonym: pectoralis
has related synonym: pectoralis group muscle
has related synonym: pectoralis muscle
id: UBERON:0001495
in subset: grouping class
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: This currently groups the major and minor muscles (which have different attachment sites) as well as the AAO structure: Muscle which is comprised of three heads. The anterior head is the portio epicoracoidea that originates on the epicoracoid cartilage and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The next more posterior head, portio sternalis, originates on the sternum and inserts in the groove next to the deltoid crest of the humerus. The most posterior head, portio abdominalis, arises from the M. rectus abdominis and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus
subclass of: UBERON_0003830
subclass of: UBERON_0008196
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004464
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010984

ascending aorta
definition: The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart’s axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]
has db xref: Ascending aorta
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003956
has db xref: Ascending Aorta
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181299009
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000147
has db xref: EHDAA:9828
has db xref: EMAPA:17014
has db xref: FMA:3736
has db xref: MA:0002570
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwVFqO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0003956
has exact synonym: ascending thoracic aorta
has exact synonym: pars ascendens aortae
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: aorta ascendens
has related synonym: pars ascendens aortae
id: UBERON:0001496
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: thoracic aorta
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: thoracic aorta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0002061
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005338
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: thoracic aorta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005432

muscle of pelvic girdle
definition: A muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition].
UBPROP_0000012: Note that in MA, this is a subclass of pelvis muscle; in FMA this is a hindlimb muscle, but recall in FMA hindlimb includes the girdle.
has alternative id: UBERON:0003271
has db xref: EHDAA:8326
has db xref: EMAPA:18184
has db xref: EMAPA:18185
has db xref: FMA:37367
has db xref: MA:0000537
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001430
has exact synonym: girdle-pelvic muscle organ
has exact synonym: muscle organ of girdle-pelvic
has exact synonym: muscle organ of pelvic girdle
has exact synonym: muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone
has exact synonym: pelvic girdle muscle
has exact synonym: pelvic girdle muscle organ
has exact synonym: pelvic girdle skeletal muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001497
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010890
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004470
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pelvic girdle region
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pelvic girdle region

muscle of pes
definition: A muscle organ that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/67240005
has db xref: BTO:0000477
has db xref: EMAPA:36160
has db xref: FMA:37369
has db xref: MA:0000652
has exact synonym: autopod of hind limb muscle organ
has exact synonym: autopod of hindlimb muscle organ
has exact synonym: autopod of inferior member muscle organ
has exact synonym: autopod of lower extremity muscle organ
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of hind limb muscle organ
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of hindlimb muscle organ
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of inferior member muscle organ
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of lower extremity muscle organ
has exact synonym: foot muscle
has exact synonym: foot muscle organ
has exact synonym: hind limb autopod muscle organ
has exact synonym: hind limb distal free limb segment muscle organ
has exact synonym: hindlimb autopod muscle organ
has exact synonym: hindlimb distal free limb segment muscle organ
has exact synonym: inferior member autopod muscle organ
has exact synonym: inferior member distal free limb segment muscle organ
has exact synonym: lower extremity autopod muscle organ
has exact synonym: lower extremity distal free limb segment muscle organ
has exact synonym: muscle of foot
has exact synonym: muscle organ of autopod of hind limb
has exact synonym: muscle organ of autopod of hindlimb
has exact synonym: muscle organ of autopod of inferior member
has exact synonym: muscle organ of autopod of lower extremity
has exact synonym: muscle organ of distal free limb segment of hind limb
has exact synonym: muscle organ of distal free limb segment of hindlimb
has exact synonym: muscle organ of distal free limb segment of inferior member
has exact synonym: muscle organ of distal free limb segment of lower extremity
has exact synonym: muscle organ of foot
has exact synonym: muscle organ of hind limb autopod
has exact synonym: muscle organ of hind limb distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: muscle organ of hindlimb autopod
has exact synonym: muscle organ of hindlimb distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: muscle organ of inferior member autopod
has exact synonym: muscle organ of inferior member distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: muscle organ of lower extremity autopod
has exact synonym: muscle organ of lower extremity distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb
has exact synonym: terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001498
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004488
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

muscle of arm
definition: A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition].
has alternative id: UBERON:0003272
has db xref: EHDAA:8277
has db xref: EMAPA:36053
has db xref: MA:0000594
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000142
has exact synonym: arm muscle
has exact synonym: arm skeletal muscle
has exact synonym: arm skeletal muscle tissue
has exact synonym: muscle of upper arm or lower arm
has exact synonym: upper arm / lower arm muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arm muscle system
id: UBERON:0001499
type: Class
comment: See notes on UBERON:0001460 for possible terminological confusion over term 'arm'. MA uses this consistent with uberon (forelimb muscle is subdivided into shoulder, arm and hand)
subclass of: UBERON_0003662
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004474
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: arm
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: arm

muscle of manus
definition: A muscle organ that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/110540008
has db xref: EMAPA:32644
has db xref: FMA:37372
has db xref: MA:0000628
has exact synonym: arm autopod muscle organ
has exact synonym: arm distal free limb segment muscle organ
has exact synonym: autopod of arm muscle organ
has exact synonym: autopod of brachial region muscle organ
has exact synonym: autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ
has exact synonym: brachial region autopod muscle organ
has exact synonym: brachial region distal free limb segment muscle organ
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of arm muscle organ
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of brachial region muscle organ
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ
has exact synonym: hand muscle
has exact synonym: manus muscle
has exact synonym: manus muscle organ
has exact synonym: muscle of hand
has exact synonym: muscle organ of arm autopod
has exact synonym: muscle organ of arm distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: muscle organ of autopod of arm
has exact synonym: muscle organ of autopod of brachial region
has exact synonym: muscle organ of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb
has exact synonym: muscle organ of brachial region autopod
has exact synonym: muscle organ of brachial region distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: muscle organ of distal free limb segment of arm
has exact synonym: muscle organ of distal free limb segment of brachial region
has exact synonym: muscle organ of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb
has exact synonym: muscle organ of manus
has exact synonym: muscle organ of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod
has exact synonym: muscle organ of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb
has exact synonym: proximal segment of free upper limb autopod muscle organ
has exact synonym: proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment muscle organ
has exact synonym: terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001500
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003662
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004489
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

lumbrical muscle of manus
definition: The lumbricals are intrinsic muscles of the manus that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Lumbricals of the hand
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181654008
has db xref: EMAPA:36217
has db xref: FMA:37385
has db xref: MA:0002316
has exact synonym: hand lumbrical
has exact synonym: hand lumbrical muscle
has exact synonym: lumbrical of hand
has exact synonym: musculi lumbricales manus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001501
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0014375
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: flexor digitorum profundus

interosseous muscle of manus
definition: An interosseous muscle that is part of a manus.
UBPROP_0000001: The interosseous muscles are flexor muscles of the manus that help support and flex the metacarpophalangeal joints. In some species the muscles are known as the suspensory ligaments. The muscles are found under the deep digital flexor tendon and originate from the base of each metacarpal bone. From its origin each muscle runs a short way down until it divides into two tendons that continue down and insert onto the base of its corresponding proximal phalanx. Each tendon has a sesamoid imbedded within it, that lie over the metacarpophalangeal joint. A small tendon, sometimes known as an extensor branch, continues to proceed from the base of each proximal phalanx and connects to the common extensor tendon. It has a small role to play in the extension of each phalanx. The main innervation of this muscle is via a branch of the ulnaris nerve[MURDOCH:1022].
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224295
has db xref: Hand Interosseous Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/265804003
has db xref: EMAPA:36216
has db xref: FMA:37417
has db xref: MA:0002313
has db xref: UMLS:C0224295
has exact synonym: hand interosseous muscle
has exact synonym: interosseous muscle of hand
has exact synonym: manus interosseous muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001502
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006508
subclass of: UBERON_0014375
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0006508
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

dorsal interosseous of manus
definition: The dorsal interossei of the hand are muscles that occupy the space between the metacarpals. There are four dorsal interossei in each hand. They are specified as 'dorsal' to contrast them with the palmar interossei, which are located on the anterior side of the metacarpals. The dorsal interosseous muscles are bipennate, with each muscle arising by two heads from the adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones, but more extensively from the metacarpal bone of the finger into which the muscle is inserted. They are inserted into the bases of the proximal phalanges and into the extensor expansion of the corresponding extensor digitorum tendon. The middle digit has two dorsal interossei insert onto it while the first digit (thumb) and the fifth digit (little finger) have none[WP].
has db xref: Dorsal interossei muscles (hand)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1744530
has db xref: Dorsal Hand Interosseous Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245002007
has db xref: FMA:37418
has db xref: MA:0002314
has db xref: UMLS:C1744530
has exact synonym: dorsal hand interosseus muscle
has exact synonym: dorsal interosseous of hand
has exact synonym: dorsal manus interosseous muscle
has exact synonym: musculi interossei dorsales manus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001503
type: Class
subclass of: interosseous muscle of manus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0004302
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0010544

lumbrical muscle of pes
definition: The lumbricals are four small skeletal muscles, accessory to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and numbered from the medial side of the pes; they arise from these tendons, as far back as their angles of division, each springing from two tendons, except the first.
has db xref: Lumbricals of the foot
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181715003
has db xref: EMAPA:36263
has db xref: FMA:37453
has db xref: MA:0002305
has exact synonym: foot lumbrical
has exact synonym: foot lumbrical muscle
has exact synonym: lumbrical of foot
has exact synonym: pes lumbrical
has exact synonym: pes lumbrical muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001504
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0014378

coracobrachialis muscle
definition: The Coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and biceps brachii. ) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm. It is perforated by and innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Coracobrachialis muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224246
has db xref: Coracobrachialis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244980008
has db xref: EMAPA:36182
has db xref: FMA:37664
has db xref: MA:0002282
has db xref: UMLS:C0224246
has exact synonym: Pirogoff's aponeurosis
has exact synonym: coracobrachial
has exact synonym: coracobrachialis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: coracobrachialis muscle
has related synonym: musculus coracobrachialis
id: UBERON:0001505
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004255
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003724
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: humerus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006633

brachialis muscle
definition: The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint. It lies just deep of the biceps brachii, and is a synergist that assists the biceps brachii in flexing at the elbow. It makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: A muscle of the stylopodium, covering the distal half of the humerus and the anterior part of the elbow joint. It functions to flex the zeugopodium. [TFD][VHOG]
has db xref: Brachialis muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224240
has db xref: Brachialis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244982000
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000181
has db xref: EHDAA:8281
has db xref: EMAPA:19109
has db xref: FMA:37667
has db xref: MA:0002271
has db xref: UMLS:C0224240
has db xref: VHOG:0001026
has exact synonym: Casserio's muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: brachialis
has related synonym: brachialis anticus muscle
has related synonym: musculus brachialis
id: UBERON:0001506
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle of arm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003724
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: humerus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0010994

biceps brachii
definition: A muscle in the forelimb stylopod which in humans has several functions, the most important being to rotate the forearm and to flex the elbow. [WP,unvetted].
has broad synonym: biceps
has db xref: Biceps brachii muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0559499
has db xref: Biceps
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/265802004
has db xref: BTO:0003419
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000167
has db xref: EHDAA:8279
has db xref: EMAPA:19108
has db xref: FMA:37670
has db xref: MA:0002269
has db xref: UMLS:C0559499
has db xref: VHOG:0000861
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: biceps brachii %26 brachialis muscles
has related synonym: biceps brachii muscle
has related synonym: biceps cubiti
has related synonym: biceps muscle
has related synonym: musculus biceps brachii
id: UBERON:0001507
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003822
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006633
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0010760
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: triceps brachii
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003724
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: radius bone

arch of aorta
definition: the convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery
curator notes: Do not confuse with aortic arch
UBPROP_0000001: The curving portion between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The double systemic arch arches (left and right) present in amphibians and reptiles become reduced to a single systemic arch - the right in birds, the left in mammals.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: birds have right aortic arch, mammals left.
has db xref: Arch of aorta
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181300001
has db xref: BTO:0000157
has db xref: EFO:0002526
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000132
has db xref: EMAPA:17613
has db xref: FMA:3768
has db xref: GAID:471
has db xref: MA:0000475
has db xref: VHOG:0001196
has exact synonym: arcus aortae
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: aortic arch
has related synonym: thoracic aorta
id: UBERON:0001508
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: thoracic aorta
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005432
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005613
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: thoracic aorta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: thoracic aorta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003121

triceps brachii
definition: The triceps brachii muscle (Latin for 'three-headed' muscle of the arm, it is called a three headed muscle because there are three bundles of muscle, each of different origin, joining together at the elbow) is the large muscle on the back of the human upper limb. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (i.e. straightening of the arm). Though a similarly-named muscle, the triceps surae, is found on the lower leg, the triceps brachii is commonly called simply the 'triceps'. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Triceps brachii muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0559502
has db xref: Triceps
has db xref: Triceps Brachii
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181623009
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002080
has db xref: EHDAA:8287
has db xref: EMAPA:19111
has db xref: FMA:37688
has db xref: MA:0002399
has db xref: UMLS:C0559502
has db xref: VHOG:0000851
has exact synonym: triceps
has exact synonym: triceps brachii muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus triceps brachii
has related synonym: triceps muscle
id: UBERON:0001509
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Dorsal group derivative that acts on the forearm[Kardong]
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: humerus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0006810
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: biceps brachii
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: radial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003822
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: axillary nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006849

skin of knee
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222275
has db xref: Knee Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181552001
has db xref: EMAPA:18151
has db xref: FMA:37800
has db xref: MA:0000668
has db xref: UMLS:C0222275
has exact synonym: knee skin
has exact synonym: knee zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of knee
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001510
type: Class
subclass of: skin of leg
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: knee
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: knee

skin of leg
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222279
has db xref: Leg Skin
has db xref: EMAPA:18156
has db xref: EMAPA:18159
has db xref: FMA:37828
has db xref: MA:0000674
has db xref: UMLS:C0222279
has exact synonym: leg skin
has exact synonym: leg zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of leg
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001511
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003532
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: leg
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: leg

skin of ankle
definition: A zone of skin that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition].
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222286
has db xref: Ankle Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181560000
has db xref: FMA:37831
has db xref: MA:0000641
has db xref: UMLS:C0222286
has exact synonym: ankle skin
has exact synonym: ankle zone of skin
has exact synonym: tarsal region skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of ankle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001512
type: Class
subclass of: skin of pes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004454
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0004454

skin of pes
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222289
has db xref: Foot Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181529000
has db xref: EMAPA:18504
has db xref: FMA:37834
has db xref: MA:0000654
has db xref: UMLS:C0222289
has exact synonym: autopod of hind limb zone of skin
has exact synonym: autopod of hindlimb zone of skin
has exact synonym: autopod of inferior member zone of skin
has exact synonym: autopod of lower extremity zone of skin
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of hind limb zone of skin
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of hindlimb zone of skin
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of inferior member zone of skin
has exact synonym: distal free limb segment of lower extremity zone of skin
has exact synonym: foot skin
has exact synonym: foot zone of skin
has exact synonym: hind limb autopod zone of skin
has exact synonym: hind limb distal free limb segment zone of skin
has exact synonym: hindlimb autopod zone of skin
has exact synonym: hindlimb distal free limb segment zone of skin
has exact synonym: inferior member autopod zone of skin
has exact synonym: inferior member distal free limb segment zone of skin
has exact synonym: lower extremity autopod zone of skin
has exact synonym: lower extremity distal free limb segment zone of skin
has exact synonym: skin of foot
has exact synonym: terminal segment of free lower limb zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of autopod of hind limb
has exact synonym: zone of skin of autopod of hindlimb
has exact synonym: zone of skin of autopod of inferior member
has exact synonym: zone of skin of autopod of lower extremity
has exact synonym: zone of skin of distal free limb segment of hind limb
has exact synonym: zone of skin of distal free limb segment of hindlimb
has exact synonym: zone of skin of distal free limb segment of inferior member
has exact synonym: zone of skin of distal free limb segment of lower extremity
has exact synonym: zone of skin of foot
has exact synonym: zone of skin of hind limb autopod
has exact synonym: zone of skin of hind limb distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: zone of skin of hindlimb autopod
has exact synonym: zone of skin of hindlimb distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: zone of skin of inferior member autopod
has exact synonym: zone of skin of inferior member distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: zone of skin of lower extremity autopod
has exact synonym: zone of skin of lower extremity distal free limb segment
has exact synonym: zone of skin of terminal segment of free lower limb
has narrow synonym: skin of hind-paw
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001513
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003532
subclass of: UBERON_0015790
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002387
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002387

descending aorta
definition: The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000011: results from fusion of left and right dorsal aortae
has db xref: Descending aorta
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0011666
has db xref: Descending Aorta
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/261399002
has db xref: EMAPA:18606
has db xref: FMA:3784
has db xref: MA:0002571
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv4EE35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0011666
has exact synonym: pars descendens aortae
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: aorta descendens
has related synonym: pars descendens aortae
id: UBERON:0001514
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005800
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: aorta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: circulatory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005622
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005613
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005805

thoracic aorta
definition: the part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest
has db xref: Thoracic aorta
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1522460
has db xref: Thoracic Aorta
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302510009
has db xref: BTO:0000157
has db xref: EFO:0002525
has db xref: EMAPA:18603
has db xref: FMA:3786
has db xref: GAID:471
has db xref: MA:0002569
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.056.372
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveb9TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C1522460
has db xref: galen:ThoracicAorta
has exact synonym: thoracic part of aorta
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: aorta thoracalis
has related synonym: pars thoracica aortae
id: UBERON:0001515
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005800
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: aorta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: thoracic segment of trunk
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0005800
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: thoracic segment of trunk

abdominal aorta
definition: Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted].
editor note: Many of the branches of the abdominal aorta in mammals may be branches of the dorsal aorta in other vertebrates
has db xref: Abdominal aorta
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003484
has db xref: Abdominal Aorta
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244231007
has db xref: BTO:0002976
has db xref: EFO:0002524
has db xref: EMAPA:17856
has db xref: FMA:3789
has db xref: GAID:470
has db xref: MA:0000474
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.056.205
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYhWCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0003484
has db xref: galen:AbdominalAorta
has exact synonym: abdominal part of aorta
has exact synonym: descending abdominal aorta
has exact synonym: pars abdominalis aortae
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: abdominal part of aorta
has related synonym: aorta abdominalis
has related synonym: pars abdominalis aortae
id: UBERON:0001516
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005800
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: descending aorta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: abdomen
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: descending aorta

skin of elbow
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has alternative id: UBERON:0003399
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222213
has db xref: Elbow Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181534001
has db xref: EMAPA:18051
has db xref: FMA:38250
has db xref: MA:0000610
has db xref: UMLS:C0222213
has exact synonym: cubital region zone of skin
has exact synonym: elbow skin
has exact synonym: elbow zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of cubital region
has exact synonym: zone of skin of elbow
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001517
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002427
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: elbow
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: arm
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: elbow

skin of wrist
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222223
has db xref: Wrist Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181540008
has db xref: FMA:38280
has db xref: MA:0000638
has db xref: UMLS:C0222223
has exact synonym: carpal region zone of skin
has exact synonym: wrist skin
has exact synonym: wrist zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of carpal region
has exact synonym: zone of skin of wrist
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001518
type: Class
subclass of: skin of manus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004452
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0004452

skin of manus
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222224
has db xref: Hand Skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181527003
has db xref: EMAPA:18486
has db xref: FMA:38295
has db xref: MA:0000630
has db xref: UMLS:C0222224
has exact synonym: hand skin
has exact synonym: manus skin
has exact synonym: skin of hand
has narrow synonym: skin of fore-paw
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001519
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003531
subclass of: UBERON_0015790
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002398
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002398

pronator teres
definition: The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces posteriorly). [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Pronator teres muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224249
has db xref: Pronator Teres
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/302514000
has db xref: EMAPA:36207
has db xref: FMA:38450
has db xref: MA:0002357
has db xref: UMLS:C0224249
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus pronator teres
has related synonym: pronator teres muscle
id: UBERON:0001520
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: median nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0010994
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: UBERON_0003228
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: diaphysis of radius
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006806

flexor carpi radialis muscle
definition: A muscle of the forearm that acts to flex and abduct the manus. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: Muscle which originates on the inner border of the humerus and inserts on the carpus.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000012: we group the AAO class here, despite the different insertion site - requires vetting: Muscle which originates on the inner border of the humerus and inserts on the carpus. [AAO:0010733]
has db xref: Flexor carpi radialis muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224252
has db xref: Flexor Carpi Radialis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361816002
has db xref: AAO:0010733
has db xref: EMAPA:36197
has db xref: FMA:38459
has db xref: MA:0002297
has db xref: UMLS:C0224252
has exact synonym: flexor carpi radialis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001521
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: flexor muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006806
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0002374

flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
definition: The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) is a muscle of the human forearm that acts to flex and adduct the manus. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000012: AAO has a class with the same name, the exact insertion point is unclear; consider grouping :Muscle which originates from the medial condyle of the humerus and inserts on the carpus. [AAO:0010734]
has db xref: Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224254
has db xref: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244985003
has db xref: EMAPA:36198
has db xref: FMA:38465
has db xref: MA:0002298
has db xref: UMLS:C0224254
has exact synonym: flexor carpi ulnaris
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus flexor carpi ulnaris
id: UBERON:0001522
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: flexor muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006806
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: pisiform

flexor digitorum profundus
definition: A muscle in the forearm that flexes the manual digits[WP,modified].
UBPROP_0000012: in EMAPA, this is part of the leg, which is presumably a mistake
has db xref: Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224261
has db xref: Flexor Digitorum Profundus
has db xref: BTO:0001246
has db xref: EMAPA:19319
has db xref: FMA:38478
has db xref: MA:0002300
has db xref: UMLS:C0224261
has exact synonym: flexor digitorum profundus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus flexor digitorum profundus
id: UBERON:0001523
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: flexor muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0004300
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: diaphysis of ulna
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003822
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: UBERON_0007612

extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
definition: Extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movements at the wrist. This muscle is quite long, starting on the lateral side of the humerus, and attaching to the base of the second metacarpal bone (metacarpal of the index finger). [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224266
has db xref: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244990000
has db xref: EMAPA:36189
has db xref: FMA:38494
has db xref: MA:0002291
has db xref: UMLS:C0224266
has exact synonym: extensor carpi radialis longus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus extensor carpi radialis longus
id: UBERON:0001524
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011867
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0003646
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: radial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0004404

extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
definition: The Extensor carpi radialis brevis is shorter and thicker than the extensor carpi radialis longus. The longus muscle can be found above the distal end of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224267
has db xref: Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244991001
has db xref: EMAPA:36188
has db xref: FMA:38497
has db xref: MA:0002290
has db xref: UMLS:C0224267
has exact synonym: extensor carpi radialis brevis
has exact synonym: musculus extensor carpi radialis brevis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001525
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011867
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: radial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006807
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0003647

extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
definition: Extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle located in the forearm that acts to extend and adduct the wrist. Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm. [WP].
editor note: Note that we make the insertion relationship a taxon GCI until digit numbering issues are resolved
UBPROP_0000001: Muscle of the forearm: It shares a common origin with two other muscles of the forearm. It arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus by two tendons: the first one is in common with the m. extensor digitorum communis longus, and the second one is broad and in common with the m. epicondylocubitalis. It is pinnately attached to the dorsal surface of the distal carpal 5-4-3.[AAO]
has db xref: Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224272
has db xref: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244992008
has db xref: AAO:0010281
has db xref: EMAPA:36190
has db xref: FMA:38506
has db xref: MA:0002292
has db xref: UMLS:C0224272
has exact synonym: ECU muscle
has exact synonym: extensor carpi ulnaris
has exact synonym: musculus extensor carpi ulnaris
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001526
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011024
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006807
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: radial nerve

abductor pollicis longus
definition: The Abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the Supinator and is sometimes united with it. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Abductor pollicis longus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224278
has db xref: Abductor Pollicis Longus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/256671001
has db xref: EMAPA:36210
has db xref: FMA:38515
has db xref: MA:0002266
has db xref: UMLS:C0224278
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: abductor pollicis longus muscle
has related synonym: musculus abductor pollicis longus
id: UBERON:0001527
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0011534
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: UBERON_0002962
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: ulna
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0003645

radio-ulnar joint
definition: A joint that connects the radius and the ulna. Examples: proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264167003
has db xref: EMAPA:19206
has db xref: FMA:38863
has db xref: MA:0003145
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlO2nJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has exact synonym: articulation of the radus and ulna
has exact synonym: radioulnar joint
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: radioulnar articulation
id: UBERON:0001528
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003839
subclass of: UBERON_0011139
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: ulna
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: radius bone
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: skeletal joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: radius bone
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: connects
    some values from: ulna

brachiocephalic artery
definition: the short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery
has broad synonym: innominate
has db xref: Brachiocephalic artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0006094
has db xref: Innominate Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244244002
has db xref: EFO:0002550
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000835
has db xref: EMAPA:17615
has db xref: FMA:3932
has db xref: GAID:476
has db xref: MA:0001922
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.145
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9mMTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0006094
has db xref: galen:BrachioCephalicArtery
has exact synonym: brachiocephalic trunk
has exact synonym: innominate artery
has exact synonym: truncus brachiocephalicus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: truncus brachiocephalicus
id: UBERON:0001529
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007204
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: arch of aorta

common carotid artery plus branches
definition: A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm].
editor note: we follow the FMA and treat the artery as a tree-structure - here we include the internal and external as parts. For the part that excludes the branches, see 'trunk of common carotid artery'
curator notes: This class represents the adult and developing structures'
UBPROP_0000011: in birds and reptiles, develops from arch III and parts of ventral and dorsal aortae
has broad synonym: carotid artery
has db xref: Common carotid artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0162859
has db xref: Common Carotid Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362041005
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0116
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000217
has db xref: EHDAA:7331
has db xref: EMAPA:17855
has db xref: FMA:3939
has db xref: GAID:479
has db xref: MA:0001926
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.186.200
has db xref: UMLS:C0162859
has db xref: VHOG:0000272
has exact synonym: carotid artery system
has exact synonym: common carotid artery
has exact synonym: trunk of common carotid tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: a. carotis communis
id: UBERON:0001530
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004363
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existence starts during
  some values from: embryo stage

right common carotid artery plus branches
definition: In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000012: placement of the MA class here is not strictly correct, as the MA class does not include the branches
has db xref: Right common carotid artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226086
has db xref: Right Common Carotid Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362042003
has db xref: EMAPA:35749
has db xref: FMA:3941
has db xref: MA:0001928
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW9-AqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
has db xref: UMLS:C0226086
has exact synonym: right common carotid artery
has exact synonym: trunk of right common carotid tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: right common carotid artery
id: UBERON:0001531
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: common carotid artery plus branches

internal carotid artery
definition: A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and eyes[MP]
UBPROP_0000001: Each of two arteries starting at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries through which blood circulates to many structures and organs in the head. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: One of the major arteries of the head, it is the as the cranial continuation of the aortic arches and the dorsal aorta. It curves ventrally before resuming a dorsal course as it enters the head proper, and it lies ventral to the internal jugular vein. The internal carotid artery gives off palatine, ophthalmic, and cerebral branches by stage NF stage 41.[AAO]
has db xref: Internal carotid artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007276
has db xref: Internal Carotid Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362045001
has db xref: AAO:0010219
has db xref: AAO:0011054
has db xref: BTO:0004697
has db xref: EFO:0001952
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000873
has db xref: EHDAA:408
has db xref: EHDAA:6389
has db xref: EMAPA:16328
has db xref: FMA:3947
has db xref: GAID:481
has db xref: MA:0001930
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.186.200.230
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYx8KZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0005081
has db xref: UMLS:C0007276
has db xref: VHOG:0000267
has db xref: XAO:0000366
has db xref: ZFA:0005081
has exact synonym: internal carotid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ICA
has related synonym: arteria carotis interna
id: UBERON:0001532
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0005396
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_2001053
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: brain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004363
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: common carotid artery plus branches
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head

subclavian artery
definition: One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta
editor note: Developmental relationships should be added (intersegmental artery and right dorsal aorta in EHDAA2, occipitovertebral artery in XAO)
UBPROP_0000001: Artery which supplies blood via branches to the various muscles of the shoulder region and to the forelimb.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib[WP]
UBPROP_0000001: The pectoral (subclavian) arteries originate from the dorsal aorta and takes the blood outward into the fin from the paired portion of the dorsal aorta posterior to the last aortic arch. Kimmel et al. 1993[TAO]
has db xref: Subclavian artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038530
has db xref: Subclavian Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/265790007
has db xref: AAO:0010232
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001933
has db xref: EHDAA:4357
has db xref: EMAPA:17617
has db xref: FMA:3951
has db xref: GAID:511
has db xref: MA:0002045
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.839
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0005086
has db xref: UMLS:C0038530
has db xref: XAO:0000365
has db xref: ZFA:0005086
has exact synonym: arteria subclavia
has exact synonym: arterial tree of upper limb
has exact synonym: pectoral artery
has exact synonym: subclavian arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: PA
has related synonym: arteria subclavia
id: UBERON:0001533
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: unverified taxonomic grouping
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005622
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: thoracic segment of trunk
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0004710
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002457

right subclavian artery
definition: The subclavian artery that supplies the right pectoral appendage
UBPROP_0000008: in humans, arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery
UBPROP_0000011: proximal part arises from right 4th aortic arch in humans
has db xref: Subclavian artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226261
has db xref: Right Subclavian Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244246000
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004514
has db xref: FMA:3953
has db xref: MA:0002047
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hwqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
has db xref: UMLS:C0226261
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001534
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: subclavian artery
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_right_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: subclavian artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in_right_side_of
    some values from: multicellular organism

vertebral artery
definition: the first branch of the left and right subclavian arteries that merge to form the single midline basilar artery; branches of the vertebral arteries supply the musculature of the neck
has db xref: Vertebral artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042559
has db xref: Vertebral Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181323003
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002192
has db xref: EHDAA:5328
has db xref: EMAPA:17314
has db xref: FMA:3956
has db xref: GAID:518
has db xref: MA:0002077
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.955
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg_ir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0005033
has db xref: UMLS:C0042559
has db xref: VHOG:0000263
has db xref: ZFA:0005033
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria vertebralis
id: UBERON:0001535
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]
subclass of: UBERON_0002458
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002240
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: subclavian artery

left common carotid artery plus branches
definition: In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000012: placement of the MA class here is not strictly correct, as the MA class does not include the branches
has db xref: Left common carotid artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226087
has db xref: Left Common Carotid Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362043008
has db xref: EMAPA:35491
has db xref: FMA:4058
has db xref: MA:0001927
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rdz4xcLVIEduAAAAOpmP6tw
has db xref: UMLS:C0226087
has exact synonym: left common carotid artery
has exact synonym: trunk of left common carotid tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: left common carotid artery
id: UBERON:0001536
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: common carotid artery plus branches

anterior tibial artery
definition: The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Anterior tibial artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0085816
has db xref: Anterior Tibial Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181357006
has db xref: FMA:43894
has db xref: MA:0002574
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvaHcEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0085816
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria tibialis anterior
id: UBERON:0001537
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007610

posterior tibial artery
definition: The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Posterior tibial artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0086835
has db xref: Posterior Tibial Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181358001
has db xref: FMA:43895
has db xref: MA:0002575
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwLSaQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0086835
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria tibialis posterior
id: UBERON:0001538
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007610

dorsalis pedis artery
definition: In human anatomy, the dorsalis pedis artery (dorsal artery of foot), is a blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a deep vein, the dorsalis pedis vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Dorsalis pedis artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226492
has db xref: Dorsalis Pedis Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181362007
has db xref: FMA:43915
has db xref: MA:0001942
has db xref: UMLS:C0226492
has db xref: galen:DorsalisPedisArtery
has exact synonym: arteria dorsalis pedis
has exact synonym: dorsal artery of foot
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria dorsalis pedis
id: UBERON:0001539
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

peroneal artery
definition: In anatomy, the fibular artery (also known as the peroneal artery) supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Peroneal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226476
has db xref: Peroneal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181359009
has db xref: FMA:43921
has db xref: MA:0002018
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwSO_s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226476
has exact synonym: arteria fibularis
has exact synonym: fibular artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001540
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: UBERON_0003516
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: posterior tibial artery

medial plantar artery
definition: The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot. It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies. At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery. Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Medial plantar artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226479
has db xref: Medial Plantar Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181360004
has db xref: FMA:43925
has db xref: MA:0001997
has db xref: UMLS:C0226479
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: a. plantaris medialis
id: UBERON:0001541
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: UBERON_0003516
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: posterior tibial artery

inguinal lymph node
definition: the lymph nodes located in the groin area
has db xref: Inguinal lymph node
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0729596
has db xref: Inguinal Lymph Node
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181762005
has db xref: EMAPA:35431
has db xref: FMA:44226
has db xref: MA:0000737
has db xref: UMLS:C0729596
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001542
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003968
subclass of: UBERON_0005173
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008337
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lymph node
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0008337

popliteal lymph node
definition: the lymph nodes which drain the legs; contained in the popliteal fossa
UBPROP_0000001: In the popliteal fossa between biceps femoris m. and semitendinosus m..
has db xref: Popliteal lymph node
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0588057
has db xref: Popliteal Lymph Node
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279156002
has db xref: FMA:44227
has db xref: MA:0000738
has db xref: UMLS:C0588057
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: popliteal glands
has related synonym: popliteal lymph glands
has related synonym: popliteal lymph node
id: UBERON:0001543
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003968
subclass of: UBERON_0016398
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: knee joint
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0016400
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lymph node
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: knee joint
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: located_in
    some values from: UBERON_0016400

popliteal vein
definition: The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Popliteal vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0032652
has db xref: Popliteal Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281065001
has db xref: FMA:44327
has db xref: GAID:537
has db xref: MA:0002197
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908.641
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv8Ch-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0032652
has db xref: galen:PoplitealVein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena poplitea
id: UBERON:0001544
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: knee
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: femoral vein

anterior tibial vein
definition: In human anatomy, the anterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the anterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Anterior tibial vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226833
has db xref: Anterior Tibial Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281066000
has db xref: FMA:44331
has db xref: MA:0002244
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXYDl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226833
has db xref: galen:AnteriorTibialVein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: venae tibiales anteriores
id: UBERON:0001545
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010370
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: femoral vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: popliteal vein

posterior tibial vein
definition: In anatomy, the posterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the posterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Posterior tibial vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226832
has db xref: Posterior Tibial Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281067009
has db xref: FMA:44332
has db xref: MA:0002245
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwA9GD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226832
has db xref: galen:PosteriorTibialVein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: venae tibiales posteriores
id: UBERON:0001546
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010370
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: popliteal vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: femoral vein

small saphenous vein
definition: The small saphenous vein (also lesser saphenous vein), is a relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Small saphenous vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226827
has db xref: Short Saphenous Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181404009
has db xref: BTO:0003272
has db xref: FMA:44333
has db xref: MA:0002217
has db xref: UMLS:C0226827
has db xref: galen:LesserSaphenousVein
has exact synonym: lesser saphenous vein
has exact synonym: short saphenous vein
has exact synonym: vena saphena parva
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001547
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007318
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: popliteal vein

lateral marginal vein
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: FMA:44359
has db xref: MA:0002160
has exact synonym: lateral marginal vein of foot
has exact synonym: vena marginalis lateralis
has exact synonym: vena marginalis lateralis pedis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001548
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0004261
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: femoral vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: popliteal vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: small saphenous vein

dorsal metatarsal vein
definition: The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Dorsal metatarsal veins
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0835053
has db xref: Dorsal Metatarsal Vein
has db xref: FMA:44377
has db xref: MA:0002105
has db xref: UMLS:C0835053
has exact synonym: metatarsal vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: venae metatarsales dorsales
id: UBERON:0001549
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0004261
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: popliteal vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: small saphenous vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: femoral vein

medial marginal vein
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: FMA:44420
has db xref: MA:0002171
has exact synonym: medial marginal vein of foot
has exact synonym: vena marginalis medialis
has exact synonym: vena marginalis medialis pedis
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001550
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0004261
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: great saphenous vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: femoral vein

vein of hindlimb zeugopod
UBPROP_0000013: The term 'sural veins' is not sufficient to appropriately designate the complex venous system of the calf. This should be designated as soleal veins (venae solealis), the veins of the soleus muscle and gastrocnemius veins (venae gastrocnemii)
has db xref: FMA:44561
has db xref: MA:0002231
has exact synonym: sural vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001551
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0004261
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: triceps surae
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: popliteal vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003823

kidney arcuate artery
definition: One of the curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Arcuate artery of the foot
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244331005
has db xref: EMAPA:28215
has db xref: FMA:44594
has db xref: MA:0002583
has exact synonym: arcuate artery
has exact synonym: renal arcuate artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001552
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: UBERON_0003644
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cortex of kidney

medial tarsal artery
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226495
has db xref: Medial Tarsal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/67925000
has db xref: FMA:44598
has db xref: MA:0001998
has db xref: UMLS:C0226495
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001553
type: Class
subclass of: artery

skin of hip
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a hip region.
UBPROP_0000012: in MA this isa hindlimb skin
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181518004
has db xref: EMAPA:18148
has db xref: FMA:45282
has db xref: MA:0000658
has exact synonym: hip region zone of skin
has exact synonym: hip skin
has exact synonym: hip zone of skin
has exact synonym: regio coxae zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of hip
has exact synonym: zone of skin of hip region
has exact synonym: zone of skin of regio coxae
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001554
type: Class
subclass of: zone of skin
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: hip
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: hip

digestive tract
definition: A tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
UBPROP_0000001: The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver.
UBPROP_0000012: we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509
UBPROP_0000013: we following Kardong in naming the entire tube from mouth to anus the alimentary canal. Kardong calls the portion of this tract that excludes buccal cavity and pharynx the 'alimentary canal', consider adding an extra class for this
has broad synonym: gut
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017189
has db xref: Gastrointestinal Tract
has db xref: AAO:0010023
has db xref: BILA:0000083
has db xref: BTO:0000511
has db xref: BTO:0000545
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000726
has db xref: EHDAA:518
has db xref: EMAPA:16247
has db xref: FBbt:00003125
has db xref: FMA:45615
has db xref: MA:0000917
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000112
has db xref: TGMA:0001819
has db xref: UMLS:C0017189
has db xref: VHOG:0000309
has db xref: WBbt:0005743
has db xref: ZFA:0000112
has db xref: galen:AlimentaryTract
has exact synonym: digestive tube
has exact synonym: enteric tract
has narrow synonym: alimentary canal
has narrow synonym: alimentary tract
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: digestive canal
has related synonym: gut tube
id: UBERON:0001555
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: tube
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: digestive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: mouth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0007026

lower urinary tract
definition: Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181420004
has db xref: FMA:45659
has db xref: MA:0002636
has db xref: galen:LowerUrinaryTract
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001556
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: urinary bladder
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: renal system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: urethra

upper respiratory tract
definition: Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx[FMA]
has db xref: Upper respiratory tract
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361381009
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002136
has db xref: EMAPA:17669
has db xref: FMA:45661
has db xref: MA:0000442
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtT2HwgJMEdyAAADggVbxzQ
has db xref: VHOG:0000406
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001557
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Some specify that the glottis (vocal cords) is the defining line between the upper and lower respiratory tracts;[2] yet even others make the line at the cricoid cartilage.[WP]
subclass of: segment of respiratory tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: olfactory apparatus

lower respiratory tract
definition: The segment of respiratory tract from the trachea to the lungs[WP,modified]
has db xref: Lower respiratory tract
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281488008
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001036
has db xref: EMAPA:16738
has db xref: FMA:45662
has db xref: MA:0000435
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rQRqjUgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g
has db xref: VHOG:0000382
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001558
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: segment of respiratory tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: pair of lungs

obsolete head of organ
consider: FMA:45729
consider: MA:0000581
has exact synonym: head organ
has exact synonym: organ head
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001559
type: Class
comment: incorrect grouping
deprecated: true

neck of organ
has db xref: FMA:45733
has exact synonym: organ neck
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001560
type: Class
subclass of: organ part

subcostal artery
definition: The subcostal arteries, so named because they lie below the last ribs, constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries. Each passes along the lower border of the twelfth rib behind the kidney and in front of the Quadratus lumborum muscle, and is accompanied by the twelfth thoracic nerve. It then pierces the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis, and, passing forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus, anastomoses with the superior epigastric, lower intercostal, and lumbar arteries. Each subcostal artery gives off a posterior branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Subcostal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226293
has db xref: Subcostal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244243008
has db xref: EMAPA:19097
has db xref: FMA:4613
has db xref: MA:0002048
has db xref: UMLS:C0226293
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001561
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004573

digastric muscle group
definition: A group of muscles (or in some classifications, muscle bellies) that are located under the jaw and attach to the base of the cranium and typically attaches to the hyoid apparatus via a common tendon.
curator notes: this class refers to the mereological sum of digastric muscles in an organism (typically two).
UBPROP_0000001: The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group. A broad aponeurotic layer is given off from the tendon of the digastricus on either side, to be attached to body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone; this is termed the suprahyoid aponeurosis. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digastric_muscle].
UBPROP_0000008: In most mammals there is a common tendon between the ant. and post. muscles, which also makes a connection to the hyoid apparatus, and then the other attachment is to the base of the cranium
has db xref: Digastric muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224155
has db xref: Digastric Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244825002
has db xref: EMAPA:25134
has db xref: FMA:46291
has db xref: MA:0002288
has db xref: UMLS:C0224155
has exact synonym: digastric
has exact synonym: musculus digastricus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: digastric
has related synonym: digastric muscle
has related synonym: digastricus
has related synonym: musculus digastricus
id: UBERON:0001562
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008571
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: hyoid bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: facial nerve

longus capitis muscle
definition: A muscle that arises by four tendinous slips from the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae and inserts into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone.[WP,modified].
UBPROP_0000014: flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint
has db xref: Longus capitis muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224107
has db xref: Longus Capitis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244837000
has db xref: AAO:0010666
has db xref: EMAPA:25131
has db xref: FMA:46308
has db xref: MA:0002340
has db xref: UMLS:C0224107
has exact synonym: longus capitis
has exact synonym: m. rectus capitis posterior
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: longus capitus muscle
has related synonym: musculus longus capitis
has related synonym: rectus capitis anticus major
id: UBERON:0001563
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008549
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: basioccipital bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: nerve of cervical vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: transverse process of vertebra

mylohyoid muscle
definition: The mylohyoid is a pharyngeal arch I muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid and attaches to the midline raphe linking right and left mylohyoid and the mandible.
UBPROP_0000001: The mylohyoid is a pharyngeal arch I muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid and attaches to the midline raphe linking R and L mylohyoid and the mandible.[FEED]
has db xref: Mylohyoid muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224159
has db xref: Mylohyoid
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244827005
has db xref: EMAPA:25136
has db xref: FMA:46320
has db xref: MA:0002344
has db xref: MFMO:0000084
has db xref: UMLS:C0224159
has exact synonym: musculus mylohyoideus
has exact synonym: mylohyoid
has exact synonym: mylohyoideus
has exact synonym: mylohyoideus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus mylohyoideus
id: UBERON:0001564
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Taxon motes: mylohyoideus and digastricus anterior of rats derived from intermandibularis posterior, see e.g. Jarvik [53] http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/table/T3
subclass of: UBERON_0008571
subclass of: UBERON_0018544
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: mesoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0003999
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: mandibular nerve

geniohyoid muscle
definition: The geniohyoid is a muscle that attaches to the mandible and the hyoid apparatus and is innervated by the first cervical nerve (C1).
UBPROP_0000001: The geniohyoid is a muscle that attaches to the mandible and the hyoid apparatus and is innervated by C1.[FEED]
UBPROP_0000014: draws hyoid cranially
has db xref: Geniohyoid muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224160
has db xref: Geniohyoid
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244828000
has db xref: FMA:46325
has db xref: MA:0002308
has db xref: UMLS:C0224160
has exact synonym: genio-hyoideus
has exact synonym: genio-hyoideus muscle
has exact synonym: geniohyoid
has exact synonym: geniohyoideus
has exact synonym: geniohyoideus muscle
has exact synonym: m. geniohyoideus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus geniohyoideus
id: UBERON:0001565
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008571
subclass of: UBERON_0011151
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: spinal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: hyoid bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006606
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: hypoglossal nerve

cricothyroid muscle
definition: The cricothyroid muscle attaches to the anterolateral aspect of the cricoid and the inferior cornu and lower lamina of the thyroid cartilage, tilting the thyroid forwards and tensing the vocal cords. It is the only laryngeal muscle supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (rather than the recurrent laryngeal nerve). [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Cricothyroid muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224178
has db xref: Cricothyroid Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244809007
has db xref: EMAPA:19270
has db xref: FMA:46417
has db xref: MA:0002284
has db xref: UMLS:C0224178
has exact synonym: M. cricothyroideus
has exact synonym: cricothyroid
has exact synonym: cricothyroideus
has exact synonym: musculus cricothyroideus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001566
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006328
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: vagus nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002375
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: thyroid cartilage

cheek
definition: A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose.
UBPROP_0000001: Surface structure that includes the scales, skin, and muscles that are located ventral and posterior to the eye.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000007: buccal
UBPROP_0000008: In many animals the inside of the cheek is lined with mucous membrane covered with stratified squamous epithelium and supplied with secretions from buccal glands.
has db xref: Cheek
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007966
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/182325008
has db xref: BTO:0001754
has db xref: FMA:46476
has db xref: GAID:65
has db xref: MA:0002475
has db xref: MESH:A01.456.505.173
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0002113
has db xref: UMLS:C0007966
has db xref: galen:Cheek
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: buccae
has related synonym: jowl
id: UBERON:0001567
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: subdivision of head
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004089
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: face
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: face

muscle of larynx
definition: The muscles associated with the larynx.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0023054
has db xref: Laryngeal Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181744001
has db xref: BTO:0001626
has db xref: EMAPA:35473
has db xref: FMA:46562
has db xref: GAID:144
has db xref: MA:0001768
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.567.500
has db xref: UMLS:C0023054
has exact synonym: laryngeal muscle
has exact synonym: larynx muscle
has exact synonym: larynx muscle organ
has exact synonym: muscle organ of larynx
has exact synonym: musculi laryngeales
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001568
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0002377
subclass of: UBERON_0003831
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004478
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: larynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: larynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: musculature
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: larynx

constrictor muscle of pharynx
editor note: TODO - evaluate taxonomic specificity - functional definition?
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244799007
has db xref: EMAPA:18964
has db xref: FMA:46620
has db xref: MA:0002278
has exact synonym: pharyngeal constrictor muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001569
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: pharyngeal muscle

inferior pharyngeal constrictor
definition: The inferior pharyngeal constrictor, the thickest of the three constrictors, arises from the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. Similarly to the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles, it is innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), specifically, by branches from the pharyngeal plexus and by neuronal branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: This is a pharyngeal arch 4/6 muscle that is integral to the pharyngeal tube, participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus of the vagus n. and attaches to the laryngeal cartilages and the midline raphe.[FEED]
has db xref: Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244803008
has db xref: EMAPA:18965
has db xref: FMA:46623
has db xref: MA:0002279
has exact synonym: constrictor muscle of pharynx inferior
has exact synonym: constrictores pharyngis caudales
has exact synonym: inferior constrictor
has exact synonym: inferior constrictor of pharynx
has exact synonym: inferior constrictor pharyngeus
has exact synonym: musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: constrictor inferior
has related synonym: constrictor pharyngis inferior
has related synonym: inferior constrictor
has related synonym: inferior constrictor muscle
has related synonym: inferior pharyngeal constrictor
has related synonym: musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior
id: UBERON:0001570
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: constrictor muscle of pharynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0011345
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002375
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: thyroid cartilage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: vagus nerve

genioglossus muscle
definition: Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue.
UBPROP_0000001: Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: see Intrinsic Tongue.[FEED]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians.
has db xref: Genioglossus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224194
has db xref: Genioglossus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244784007
has db xref: AAO:0010660
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000704
has db xref: EHDAA:9150
has db xref: EMAPA:18276
has db xref: FMA:46690
has db xref: MA:0002307
has db xref: UMLS:C0224194
has db xref: VHOG:0000847
has exact synonym: genioglossus
has exact synonym: m. genioglossus
has exact synonym: musculus genioglossus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001571
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: extrinsic muscle of tongue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010059
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: hypoglossal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0009471
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006606

hyoglossus muscle
definition: A muscle that attaches to the hyopid bone and to the tongue and is innervated by cranial nerve XII
UBPROP_0000001: Makes up part of the tongue in frogs and salamanders.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The hyoglossus is a muscle that attaches to the hyoid and tongue and is innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: subclass hyobranchial muscles (AAO:0000224)[AAO]
has db xref: Hyoglossus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224196
has db xref: Hyoglossus Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244785008
has db xref: AAO:0010663
has db xref: EMAPA:18277
has db xref: FMA:46691
has db xref: MA:0002317
has db xref: MFMO_0000064
has db xref: UMLS:C0224196
has exact synonym: hyoglossus
has exact synonym: m. hyoglossus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001572
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: extrinsic muscle of tongue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: hypoglossal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: hyoid bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: hyoid bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: tongue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: tongue
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervated_by
    some values from: hypoglossal nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: hyoid bone
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: tongue

styloglossus
definition: The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. Passing downward and forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, it divides upon the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with the fibers of the Longitudinalis inferior in front of the Hyoglossus; the other, oblique, overlaps the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: Styloglossus is a muscle that attaches to the tongue and stylohyal and is innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED]
has db xref: Styloglossus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224195
has db xref: EMAPA:18279
has db xref: FMA:46692
has db xref: MA:0002387
has db xref: UMLS:C0224195
has exact synonym: syloglossus muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus styloglossus
id: UBERON:0001573
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: extrinsic muscle of tongue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: tongue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0003960
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: hypoglossal nerve

palatoglossus muscle
definition: The palatoglossus, glossopalatinus, or palatoglossal muscle is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the glossopalatine arch. It arises from the anterior surface of the soft palate, where it is continuous with the muscle of the opposite side, and passing downward, forward, and lateralward in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deeply into the substance of the organ to intermingle with the Transversus linguæ. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: Palatoglossus is a muscle that attaches to the soft palate and the tongue and is innervated by Cranial Nerve X via the pharyngeal plexus.[FEED]
has db xref: Palatoglossus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1704249
has db xref: Palatoglossus Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244783001
has db xref: EMAPA:18278
has db xref: FMA:46697
has db xref: MA:0002351
has db xref: UMLS:C1704249
has exact synonym: palatoglossal
has exact synonym: palatoglossal muscle
has exact synonym: palatoglossus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus palatoglossus
id: UBERON:0001574
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: tongue muscle
subclass of: UBERON_0003682
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: tongue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0003216
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve

extrinsic muscle of tongue
definition: A muscle organ that attaches the tongue to some other structure.
UBPROP_0000003: The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000009: main functions are altering the tongue's position allowing for protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement
UBPROP_0000010: All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), except for one of the extrinsic muscles, palatoglossus, which is innervated by the Vagus nerve CN X of the pharyngeal plexus.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244782006
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002063
has db xref: EHDAA:9148
has db xref: EMAPA:18275
has db xref: FMA:46699
has db xref: MA:0002296
has db xref: VHOG:0000825
has exact synonym: extrinsic lingual muscle
has exact synonym: extrinsic tongue muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001575
type: Class
subclass of: intrinsic muscle of tongue
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to_part_of
  some values from: tongue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003273
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0004765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0011332
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: hypoglossal nerve
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervated_by
    some values from: hypoglossal nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to_part_of
    some values from: tongue
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: UBERON_0004765

intrinsic muscle of tongue
definition: The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue and completely contained within the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.
UBPROP_0000001: The intrinsic tongue muscles are an integral part of the tongue that are innervated by Cranial Nerve XII.[FEED]
UBPROP_0000003: The lamprey head contains another group of muscles, the epi- and hypo-branchial muscles (EBM and HBM), derivatives of anterior trunk myotomes. (...) The origin and the migration pattern of HBM precursors are very similar to that of the gnathostome MPP, especially to that of the tongue muscle precursors. Other evidence of homology of lamprey HBM to the gnathostome tongue muscle is that HBM is innervated by the nerve termed the hypoglossal nerve based on its morphological position associated with the head/trunk interface. (...) The HBM-specific expression of the LampPax3/7 gene is consistent with the homology of this muscle to the gnathostome tongue muscle, or to the hypobranchial series as a whole (including the infrahyoid and possibly the diaphragm in mammals).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000009: The main function of the intrinsic muscles is to provide shape. They are not involved with changing the position of the tongue and are not attached to bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244788005
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002064
has db xref: EHDAA:9152
has db xref: EMAPA:18280
has db xref: FMA:46701
has db xref: MA:0002327
has db xref: VHOG:0000748
has exact synonym: intrinsic lingual muscle
has exact synonym: intrinsic tongue muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001576
type: Class
subclass of: tongue muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to_part_of
  some values from: tongue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003273
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010059
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: hypoglossal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: tongue
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: tongue
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervated_by
    some values from: hypoglossal nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to_part_of
    some values from: tongue

facial muscle
definition: A muscle innervated by a facial nerve.
has db xref: Facial muscles
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015460
has db xref: Facial Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/25903009
has db xref: EMAPA:25133
has db xref: FMA:46751
has db xref: GAID:143
has db xref: MA:0003160
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.567.400
has db xref: MFMO:0000005
has db xref: UMLS:C0015460
has db xref: XAO:0001013
has exact synonym: face muscle
has exact synonym: face muscle organ
has exact synonym: facial muscle
has exact synonym: facial muscle proper
has exact synonym: facial nerve innervated muscle
has exact synonym: facial nerve muscle
has exact synonym: muscle of face
has exact synonym: muscle organ of face
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cranial-facial muscle
has related synonym: cranio-facial muscle
has related synonym: craniofacial muscle
has related synonym: mimetic muscles
has related synonym: muscle of facil expression
has related synonym: muscles of facial expression
has related synonym: musculi faciei
id: UBERON:0001577
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0015789
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003066
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: facial nerve
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervated_by
    some values from: facial nerve

orbicularis oculi muscle
definition: A circumorbital muscle in the face that closes the eyelid[HP].
has db xref: Orbicularis oculi muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224122
has db xref: Orbicularis Oculi
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244726006
has db xref: EMAPA:35619
has db xref: FMA:46779
has db xref: MA:0001254
has db xref: UMLS:C0224122
has exact synonym: orbicularis oculi
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus orbicularis oculi
has related synonym: tensor tarsi
id: UBERON:0001578
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphé. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted]. [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle]
subclass of: UBERON_0003660
subclass of: UBERON_0004277
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0004772
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: tetrapod frontal bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: facial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: lacrimal bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0004724

olfactory nerve
definition: Nerve that carries information from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb[Butler and Hodos].
UBPROP_0000001: Nerve that carries information from the olfactory epithelium through the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex of the telencephalon.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with the olfactory epithelium and an olfactory bulb[FMA:46787].
UBPROP_0000001: The 1st cranial nerve. The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB[MESH:A08.800.800.120.640].
UBPROP_0000003: We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: connects to main OB (in taxa where main/accessory distinction is important)
has broad synonym: 1n
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Olfactory nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0028938
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1268984
has db xref: Olfactory Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 1319
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/180937006
has db xref: AAO:0010088
has db xref: BAMS:1n
has db xref: BAMS:ln
has db xref: BTO:0003648
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001293
has db xref: EHDAA:6672
has db xref: EMAPA:17797
has db xref: FMA:46787
has db xref: GAID:830
has db xref: HBA:9300
has db xref: MA:0001096
has db xref: MBA:840
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.640
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZuXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000249
has db xref: UMLS:C0028938
has db xref: UMLS:C1268984
has db xref: VHOG:0000703
has db xref: XAO:0000426
has db xref: ZFA:0000249
has exact synonym: Olfactory nerve [I]
has exact synonym: first cranial nerve
has exact synonym: nervus olfactorius [i]
has exact synonym: olfactory I
has exact synonym: olfactory i nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: CN-I
has related synonym: cranial nerve I
has related synonym: fila olfactoria
has related synonym: nerve I
has related synonym: nerve of smell
has related synonym: nervus olfactorius
has related synonym: olfactoria fila
has related synonym: olfactory fila
id: UBERON:0001579
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003050
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: UBERON_0001997
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0002264
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: UBERON_0001997
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0002264

levator labii superioris
definition: The levator labii superioris (or quadratus labii superioris) is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone. Its medial fibers form the angular head, which arises by a pointed extremity from the upper part of the frontal process of the maxilla and passing obliquely downward and lateralward divides into two slips. One of these is inserted into the greater alar cartilage and skin of the nose; the other is prolonged into the lateral part of the upper lip, blending with the infraorbital head and with the Orbicularis oris. The intermediate portion or infraorbital head arises from the lower margin of the orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen, some of its fibers being attached to the maxilla, others to the zygomatic bone. Its fibers converge, to be inserted into the muscular substance of the upper lip between the angular head and the Caninus. The lateral fibers, forming the zygomatic head, arise from the malar surface of the zygomatic bone immediately behind the zygomaticomaxillary suture and pass downward and medialward to the upper lip. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Levator labii superioris
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1704248
has db xref: Levator Labii Superioris
has db xref: FMA:46805
has db xref: MA:0002333
has db xref: UMLS:C1704248
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus levator labii superioris
id: UBERON:0001580
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: facial muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: facial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: upper lip
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: skin of lip

depressor labii inferioris
definition: A muscle of facial expression, innervated by the facial nerve, attached to the skin of the lower lip, orbicularis oris muscle, and mandible, and superficial and lateral to the mentalis muscle. See Diogo et al., 2009; Burrows et al., 2011)
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Depressor labii inferioris muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224119
has db xref: Depressor Labii Inferioris
has db xref: FMA:46816
has db xref: MA:0002287
has db xref: MFMO:0000123
has db xref: UMLS:C0224119
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001581
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
subclass of: facial muscle
subclass of: UBERON_0004253
subclass of: UBERON_0013765
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008199
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: lower lip
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0010933
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: facial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: mandible

buccinator muscle
definition: The buccinator is a muscle that is attached to the mandible, skin, pterygomandibular raphe and maxilla, and is innervated by Cranial Nerve VII and participates in oropharyngeal behavior.
editor note: logical definition provided by FEED
has db xref: Buccinator muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224121
has db xref: Buccinator
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244747005
has db xref: FMA:46834
has db xref: MA:0002272
has db xref: UMLS:C0224121
has exact synonym: buccinator
has exact synonym: musculus buccinator
has narrow synonym: trumpeters muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: buccinatorius
has related synonym: musculus buccinator
id: UBERON:0001582
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: facial muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0004528
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0011386
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002097
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: mandible
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0011349
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: facial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002397
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0011386
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: facial muscle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: mandible
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: UBERON_0002097
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: UBERON_0002397
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: UBERON_0011349
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: UBERON_0011386

extrinsic auricular muscle
definition: Auricular muscle attaching the cartilage of the ear to the epicranial aponeurosis. The 3 extrinsic auricular muscles in humans are: anterior auricular muscle superior auricular muscle posterior auricular muscle [WP,modified].
UBPROP_0000012: Wikipedia topic refers to the extrinsic auricular muscles
has db xref: Auriculares muscles
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244758001
has db xref: FMA:46854
has db xref: MA:0001230
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001583
type: Class
subclass of: auricular muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0006661
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: auricular cartilage
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: auricular muscle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_muscle_origin
    some values from: UBERON_0006661
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_muscle_insertion
    some values from: auricular cartilage

left subclavian artery
definition: The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage
UBPROP_0000008: in humans, branches off the arch of aorta
UBPROP_0000011: arises from left intersegmental 6th artery in the region of the 6th -7th cervical segment in humans
has db xref: Subclavian artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226262
has db xref: Left Subclavian Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244245001
has db xref: FMA:4694
has db xref: MA:0002046
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hw6gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw
has db xref: UMLS:C0226262
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001584
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: subclavian artery
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_left_side_of
  some values from: multicellular organism
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: subclavian artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in_left_side_of
    some values from: multicellular organism

anterior vena cava
definition: A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart.
UBPROP_0000003: Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). In the mouse, The right pulmonary vein passes dorsal to the right superior vena cava, the left pulmonary dorsal to the left superior vena cava (Biology of the Laboratory Mouse, Green).
has db xref: Superior vena cava
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042459
has db xref: Superior Vena Cava
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181368006
has db xref: BTO:0002683
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001962
has db xref: EHDAA:8726
has db xref: EMAPA:18417
has db xref: FMA:4720
has db xref: GAID:549
has db xref: MA:0000481
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908.949.815
has db xref: UMLS:C0042459
has db xref: VHOG:0001195
has db xref: galen:SuperiorVenaCava
has exact synonym: superior caval vein
has exact synonym: superior vena cava
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cranial vena cava
has related synonym: precava
has related synonym: vena cava superior
has related synonym: vena maxima
id: UBERON:0001585
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004087
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: anterior region of body
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004087
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: anterior region of body

internal jugular vein
definition: One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Vein which receives many veins draining the palate, brain, and the orbital, nasal, and auditory regions.[AAO]
has db xref: Internal jugular vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226550
has db xref: Internal Jugular Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181372005
has db xref: AAO:0010236
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000877
has db xref: EHDAA:5407
has db xref: EMAPA:17620
has db xref: FMA:4724
has db xref: MA:0002157
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvqdb95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000878
has db xref: UMLS:C0226550
has db xref: XAO:0000382
has db xref: galen:InternalJugularVein
has exact synonym: internal jugular
has exact synonym: internal jugular venous tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena jugularis interna
id: UBERON:0001586
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004711

subclavian vein
definition: The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body. Their diameter is approximately that of the smallest finger.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Vein which collects blood from the forelimb via the brachial veins and from the muscles and skin of the trunk via the anterior epigastric and lateral veins.[AAO]
has db xref: Subclavian vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038532
has db xref: Subclavian Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181388005
has db xref: AAO:0010510
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001934
has db xref: EHDAA:4455
has db xref: EMAPA:17621
has db xref: FMA:4725
has db xref: GAID:546
has db xref: MA:0002221
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908.877
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvvtMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0038532
has db xref: galen:SubclavianVein
has exact synonym: subclavian venous tree
has exact synonym: vena subclavia
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001587
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0004710

vertebral vein
definition: The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Vein which collects blood from the muscles of the neck and drains into the internal jugular.[AAO]
has db xref: Vertebral vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226560
has db xref: Vertebral Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/303961000
has db xref: AAO:0010509
has db xref: FMA:4727
has db xref: MA:0002262
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwKt8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226560
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena vertebralis
id: UBERON:0001588
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002240

internal thoracic vein
definition: A vessel that drains the chest wall and breats and arises from the superior epigastric vein, accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course and terminates in the brachiocephalic vein..
has db xref: Internal thoracic vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226633
has db xref: Internal Thoracic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281056008
has db xref: EMAPA:18641
has db xref: FMA:4729
has db xref: MA:0002237
has db xref: UMLS:C0226633
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: internal mammary vein
has related synonym: vena thoracica interna
id: UBERON:0001589
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005194

pericardiacophrenic vein
definition: Vena comitans of the pericardiacophrenic arteries.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Pericardiacophrenic veins
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0501112
has db xref: Pericardiacophrenic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361626007
has db xref: FMA:4742
has db xref: MA:0002187
has db xref: UMLS:C0501112
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: venae pericardiacophrenicae
id: UBERON:0001590
type: Class
subclass of: vein

thymic vein
definition: A vein that drains blood from the thymus.
has db xref: Thymic veins
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226698
has db xref: Thymic Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/303432009
has db xref: FMA:4747
has db xref: MA:0002246
has db xref: UMLS:C0226698
has exact synonym: thymic tributary of brachiocephalic vein
has exact synonym: vena thymica
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: venae thymicae
id: UBERON:0001591
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002370
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003711
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0002370

bronchial vein
definition: The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Bronchial veins
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226650
has db xref: Bronchial Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/198293000
has db xref: FMA:4749
has db xref: MA:0002088
has db xref: UMLS:C0226650
has exact synonym: bronchial venous tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001592
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002016
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002048

venous plexus
definition: A congregation of multiple veins.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Venous plexus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/322151008
has db xref: FMA:4767
has db xref: MA:0000069
has exact synonym: venous network
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: plexus venosus
has related synonym: rete venosum
id: UBERON:0001593
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005629
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: circulatory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: vein

azygos vein
definition: An unpaired vein which in humans arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava; unlike humans, mice have a single and left-sided azygos vein that develops from the paired embryonic cardinal venous system and drains most of the right and left thoracic walls into the left anterior vena cava[MP].
editor note: check development relationships in different species
has db xref: Azygos vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0004526
has db xref: Azygos Vein
has db xref: EMAPA:18250
has db xref: FMA:4838
has db xref: GAID:528
has db xref: MA:0002085
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908.106
has db xref: UMLS:C0004526
has db xref: galen:AzygosVein
has exact synonym: azygos venous tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena azygos
id: UBERON:0001594
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0008268

auricular muscle
definition: A muscle that is part of the pinna and is attached to the auricular cartilage
UBPROP_0000014: In some mammals these muscles can adjust the direction of the pinna. In humans these muscles possess very little action. The auricularis anterior draws the auricula forward and upward; the Auricularis superior slightly raises it; and the Auricularis posterior draws it backward.
has broad synonym: auriclular
has db xref: Auricular muscles
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244757006
has db xref: EMAPA:35159
has db xref: FMA:48966
has db xref: MA:0001229
has exact synonym: muscle of auricle
has exact synonym: musculi auriculares
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: attolens aurem muscle
has related synonym: attrahens aurem muscle
has related synonym: auriculares
has related synonym: auriculares anterior
has related synonym: auriculares muscles
has related synonym: auricularis
has related synonym: auricularis muscle
has related synonym: auricularis muscles
has related synonym: temporoparietalis
id: UBERON:0001595
type: Class
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pinna
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: auricular cartilage

intrinsic auricular muscle
definition: Auricular muscle attached only to the cartilage of the ear and not to the epicranial aponeurosis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244762007
has db xref: FMA:48967
has db xref: MA:0001231
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001596
type: Class
subclass of: auricular muscle

masseter muscle
definition: Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by masseteric nerve branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), and attaches to mandible and zygomatic arch.
UBPROP_0000003: The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (...) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (...) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati)
UBPROP_0000008: The masseter is a jaw muscle of therapsids derived from the m. adductor mandibulae externus, which originates in the adductor chamber (in the temporal fenestra) and inserts on the coronoid process and internal surface of the lower jaw.[Palaeos]
has db xref: Masseter muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0024876
has db xref: Masseter Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181738000
has db xref: BTO:0001755
has db xref: EFO:0001424
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001067
has db xref: EHDAA:10561
has db xref: EMAPA:25135
has db xref: FMA:48996
has db xref: MA:0002343
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.567.600.500
has db xref: MFMO:0000075
has db xref: UMLS:C0024876
has db xref: VHOG:0000823
has exact synonym: masseter
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus masseter
id: UBERON:0001597
in subset: efo slim
in subset: feed aligned
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003681
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002500
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0011344
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0011321
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cheek
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: mandible
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002397
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: UBERON_0002500
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0018544
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: UBERON_0002500
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: UBERON_0011344

temporalis muscle
definition: Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that is innervated by the deep temporal branches of the trigeminal nerve and attaches to the wall of the braincase (including the cranial vault) and mandible.
UBPROP_0000001: Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that is innervated by the deep temporal nerves and attaches to the wall of the braincase and mandible.[FEED]
UBPROP_0000001: the superior-most masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible
UBPROP_0000003: The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (...) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati).[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Temporal muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039487
has db xref: Temporal Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181739008
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002001
has db xref: EHDAA:10565
has db xref: EMAPA:25138
has db xref: FMA:49006
has db xref: GAID:148
has db xref: MA:0002390
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.567.600.850
has db xref: UMLS:C0039487
has db xref: VHOG:0000929
has exact synonym: musculus temporalis
has exact synonym: temporal muscle
has exact synonym: temporalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus temporalis
id: UBERON:0001598
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003681
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0004660
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: UBERON_0005467
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: subdivision of head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: mandibular nerve

stapedius muscle
definition: The muscle that stabilizes the stapes bone. The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000003: The depressor mandibulae of tetrapods, which opens the jaws, is the homologue of the levator operculi and epihyoidean. In mammals, the depressor mandibulae evolves into the stapedius (...).[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Stapedius muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038151
has db xref: Stapedius Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244780003
has db xref: EHDAA:9029
has db xref: EMAPA:18586
has db xref: FMA:49027
has db xref: GAID:164
has db xref: MA:0001220
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.567.950
has db xref: UMLS:C0038151
has db xref: VHOG:0000813
has exact synonym: stapedius
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus stapedius
id: UBERON:0001599
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: facial muscle
subclass of: UBERON_0004113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: facial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: stapes bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: middle ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: stapes bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010929
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004113
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: stapes bone

tensor tympani
definition: The larger of the two muscles of the tympanic cavity, is contained in the bony canal above the osseous portion of the auditory tube. Its role is to dampen sounds produced from chewing. It arises from the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and the adjoining part of the great wing of the sphenoid, as well as from the osseous canal in which it is contained. Passing backward through the canal, it ends in a slender tendon which enters the tympanic cavity, makes a sharp bend around the extremity of the septum, known as the processus cochleariformis[1], and is inserted into the manubrium of the malleus, near its root[WP].
UBPROP_0000003: The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (...) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati).[well established][VHOG]
has alternative id: UBERON:0005238
has db xref: Tensor tympani muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039529
has db xref: Tensor Tympani
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244779001
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002002
has db xref: EHDAA:10167
has db xref: EHDAA:10191
has db xref: EMAPA:18587
has db xref: FMA:49028
has db xref: GAID:166
has db xref: MA:0001221
has db xref: MESH:A02.633.567.975
has db xref: UMLS:C0039529
has db xref: VHOG:0000698
has exact synonym: eustachian muscle
has exact synonym: tensor tympani muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: M. tensor tympani
has related synonym: musculus tensor tympani
has related synonym: tympanic muscle
id: UBERON:0001600
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0004113
subclass of: UBERON_0018544
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0004114
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: mandibular nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: middle ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0006722
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010935
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: UBERON_0002393
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: malleus bone
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004113
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: attaches_to
    some values from: malleus bone

extra-ocular muscle
definition: Skeletal muscle derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements.
editor note: todo - resolve discrepancies in which muscles are considered extra-ocular
UBPROP_0000001: Any of the six small muscles that control movement of the eyeball within the socket. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Muscles surrounding the eye (bulbus oculi) and having an effect on eye movements.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these (extrinsic ocular) muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: extraocular
UBPROP_0000008: Mammals have 7 extra-ocular muscles, but humans lack the M. retractor bulbi. Note in ZFA this is the set of muscles.
UBPROP_0000011: Myofibers in extraocular muscles are derived from mesoderm, whereas muscle connective tissue cells arise from neural crest.[PMID:16638982]
UBPROP_0000012: BTO and MA consider this part of the eye; we follow them here (inferred from skeletal muscle). Not clear if omission from FMA is deliberate.
has alternative id: UBERON:0006229
has db xref: Extraocular muscles
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181150000
has db xref: AAO:0010028
has db xref: BTO:0001579
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0305
has db xref: EFO:0001921
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000482
has db xref: EHDAA:5729
has db xref: EMAPA:18234
has db xref: FMA:49033
has db xref: MA:0001271
has db xref: TAO:0000511
has db xref: VHOG:0000549
has db xref: ZFA:0000511
has exact synonym: extra-ocular skeletal muscle
has exact synonym: extraocular muscle
has exact synonym: extraocular musculature
has exact synonym: extraocular skeletal muscle
has exact synonym: extrinsic eye muscle
has exact synonym: extrinsic muscle of eyeball
has exact synonym: extrinsic ocular muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculi externi bulbi oculi
id: UBERON:0001601
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0004277
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006230
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003269
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: skeletal muscle tissue

medial rectus extraocular muscle
definition: The medial rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). This muscle shares an origin with several other extrinsic eye muscles, the anulus tendineus, or common tendon. It is the largest of the extraocular muscles and its only action is adduction of the eyeball. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000003: The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG]
has alternative id: UBERON:0004836
has db xref: Medial rectus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0582820
has db xref: Medial Rectus Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181151001
has db xref: AAO:0010113
has db xref: FMA:49037
has db xref: MA:0001281
has db xref: TAO:0000301
has db xref: UMLS:C0582820
has db xref: VHOG:0001127
has db xref: ZFA:0000301
has exact synonym: m. rectus medialis
has exact synonym: medial rectus
has exact synonym: medial rectus extraocular muscle
has exact synonym: medial rectus muscle
has exact synonym: musculus rectus medialis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: musculus rectus medialis bulbi
id: UBERON:0001602
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Taxon notes (from VHOG): "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.331 [VHOG:0001127]
subclass of: UBERON_0006533
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: oculomotor nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002376

lateral rectus extra-ocular muscle
definition: The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of six extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye (abduction in this case) and the only muscle innervated by the abducens nerve, cranial nerve VI. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: Cranial nerve VI innervated; lateral in the rectus group.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution.[well established][VHOG]
has alternative id: UBERON:0004837
has db xref: Lateral rectus muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0582821
has db xref: Lateral Rectus Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181152008
has db xref: AAO:0010107
has db xref: FMA:49038
has db xref: MA:0001280
has db xref: TAO:0000383
has db xref: UMLS:C0582821
has db xref: VHOG:0001129
has db xref: ZFA:0000383
has exact synonym: M. rectus lateralis
has exact synonym: lateral rectus
has exact synonym: lateral rectus extraocular muscle
has exact synonym: lateral rectus muscle
has exact synonym: musculus rectus lateralis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lateral extraocular muscle
has related synonym: musculus rectus lateralis bulbi
id: UBERON:0001603
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006533
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: abducens nerve

levator palpebrae superioris
definition: The levator palpebrae superioris (or levator muscle of upper eyelid) is the muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Levator palpebrae superioris
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224134
has db xref: Levator Palpebrae Superioris
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244774006
has db xref: FMA:49041
has db xref: MA:0001272
has db xref: UMLS:C0224134
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001604
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: extra-ocular muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: sphenoid bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: eyelid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0004772

ciliary muscle
definition: The ciliary muscle is a smooth muscle in the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Ciliary muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0559230
has db xref: Ciliary Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280862009
has db xref: BTO:0000654
has db xref: EMAPA:35240
has db xref: FMA:49151
has db xref: MA:0001269
has db xref: UMLS:C0559230
has exact synonym: musculus ciliarus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Bowman`s muscles
has related synonym: musculus ciliaris
id: UBERON:0001605
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003386
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: UBERON_0011222
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ciliary body

muscle of iris
definition: .
editor note: revisit this, see issue #331
UBPROP_0000008: The muscle cells of the iris are smooth muscle in mammals and amphibians, but are striated muscle in birds and reptiles. Many fish have neither, and, as a result, their irides are unable to dilate and contract, so that the pupil always remains of a fixed size[Romer, via WP]
UBPROP_0000008: in aves, stromal mesenchymal cells may migrate to the iris and become skeletal
has db xref: Iris muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280888007
has db xref: EMAPA:35448
has db xref: FMA:49154
has db xref: MA:0001287
has exact synonym: iris muscle
has exact synonym: iris muscle organ
has exact synonym: muscle organ of iris
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001606
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: UBERON_0011222
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: iris
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: muscle organ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: iris

sphincter pupillae
definition: A sphincter muscle that is part of the iris.
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, it functions to constrict the pupil in bright light or during accommodation. Its dimensions are about 0.75 mm wide by 0.15 mm thick. It is controlled by parasympathetic fibers that originate from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, travel along the oculomotor nerve (CN III), synapse in the ciliary ganglion, and then enter the eye via the short ciliary nerves. Initially, all the myocytes are of the smooth muscle type, but much later in life, so that ultimately most cells are of the striated muscle type. [WP,unvetted]
UBPROP_0000008: WP says: It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods; this class refers to the vertebrate structure
UBPROP_0000009: constricts iris
has db xref: Iris sphincter muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229189
has db xref: Sphincter Pupillae Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280889004
has db xref: BTO:0000656
has db xref: EMAPA:35788
has db xref: FMA:49157
has db xref: MA:0001289
has db xref: UMLS:C0229189
has exact synonym: M. sphincter pupillae
has exact synonym: iris sphincter muscle
has exact synonym: musculus sphincter pupillae
has exact synonym: sphincter muscle of pupil
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: circular fibers
has related synonym: constrictor pupillae
has related synonym: iris constrictor
has related synonym: iris constrictor muscle
has related synonym: iris sphincter
has related synonym: m. sphincter pupillae
has related synonym: pupillary constrictor muscle
has related synonym: pupillary sphincter
has related synonym: pupillary sphincter muscle
has related synonym: sphincter pupillae
has related synonym: sphincter pupillae muscle
has related synonym: spincter pupillae
id: UBERON:0001607
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle of iris
subclass of: UBERON_0004234
subclass of: UBERON_0007521
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: iris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002346
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: iris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: iris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: dilatator pupillae
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004590
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: iris

dilatator pupillae
definition: The iris dilator muscle (pupil dilator muscle, pupillary dilator, radial muscle of iris, radiating fibers), is a smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris and therefore fit as a dilator. It is innervated by the sympathetic system, which acts by releasing noradrenaline, which acts on α1-receptors. Thus, when presented with a threatening stimuli that activates the fight-or-flight response, this innervation dilates the iris, thus temporarily letting more light reach the retina. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Iris dilator muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229190
has db xref: Dilator Pupillae Muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280890008
has db xref: BTO:0001371
has db xref: EMAPA:35286
has db xref: FMA:49158
has db xref: MA:0001288
has db xref: UMLS:C0229190
has exact synonym: dilator muscle of pupil
has exact synonym: dilator of pupil
has exact synonym: dilator pupillae
has exact synonym: dilator pupillae muscle
has exact synonym: iris dilator muscle
has exact synonym: musculus dilatator pupillae
has exact synonym: pupillary dilator muscle
has exact synonym: radial muscle of iris
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: dilator pupillae muscle
has related synonym: iris dilator
has related synonym: musculus dilatator pupillae
has related synonym: musculus dilator pupillae
has related synonym: pupil dilator
has related synonym: pupil dilator muscle
has related synonym: pupillary dilator
has related synonym: pupillary muscle
has related synonym: radial muscle
has related synonym: radiating fibers
id: UBERON:0001608
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004234
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002346
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: iris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: sphincter pupillae
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: iris

isthmus of thyroid gland
definition: A narrow median bridge that joins together the lower thirds of the two lateral (right and left) lobes of the thyroid gland and usually covers the second and the third tracheal rings; the thyroid isthmus is variable in presence and size, can change shape and size, and can encompass a cranially extending pyramid lobe (lobus pyramidalis or processus pyramidalis), remnant of the thyroglossal duct
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: In mammals and in some reptiles, the thyroid is composed of two lobes connected by an isthmus; in birds and amphibians, the thyroid consists of two isolated lobes. (...) Despite these morphological differences, the ontogeny of the thyroid follows the same pattern in all vertebrates (...).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: isthmus
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Thyroid isthmus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229583
has db xref: Thyroid Gland Isthmus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245539003
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002031
has db xref: EHDAA:5777
has db xref: EMAPA:18195
has db xref: FMA:49178
has db xref: MA:0000727
has db xref: UMLS:C0229583
has db xref: VHOG:0000739
has exact synonym: isthmus glandulae thyroideae
has exact synonym: thyroid gland isthmus
has exact synonym: thyroid isthmus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: isthmus glandulae thyroideae
id: UBERON:0001609
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002046

lingual artery
definition: The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the external carotid which supplies blood to the tongue.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: part_of external carotid (AAO:0010218)[AAO]
has db xref: Lingual artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226104
has db xref: Lingual Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181327002
has db xref: AAO:0010492
has db xref: FMA:49526
has db xref: MA:0001992
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvfqDCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226104
has exact synonym: lingual branch of external carotid artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria lingualis
id: UBERON:0001610
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
subclass of: artery
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: tongue

sublingual artery
definition: The Sublingual Artery arises at the anterior margin of the Hyoglossus, and runs forward between the Genioglossus and Mylohyoideus to the sublingual gland. It supplies the gland and gives branches to the Mylohyoideus and neighboring muscles, and to the mucous membrane of the mouth and gums. One branch runs behind the alveolar process of the mandible in the substance of the gum to anastomose with a similar artery from the other side; another pierces the Mylohyoideus and anastomoses with the submental branch of the external maxillary artery. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the external carotid which supplies blood to the tip of the snout where branches go to the tongue and the m. geniohyoideus.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: part_of external carotid (AAO:0010218)[AAO]
has db xref: Sublingual artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226106
has db xref: Sublingual Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/368706006
has db xref: AAO:0010491
has db xref: FMA:49543
has db xref: MA:0002049
has db xref: UMLS:C0226106
has exact synonym: sublingual branch of lingual artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria sublingualis
id: UBERON:0001611
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

facial artery
definition: The facial artery (external maxillary artery in older texts) is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Facial artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226109
has db xref: Facial Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181328007
has db xref: EMAPA:19213
has db xref: FMA:49549
has db xref: MA:0001950
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCt95ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226109
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria maxillaris externa
has related synonym: external maxillary artery
id: UBERON:0001612
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: external carotid artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: face

occipital artery
definition: The occipital artery arises opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Occipital artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226117
has db xref: Occipital Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244219005
has db xref: FMA:49586
has db xref: MA:0002009
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwC1IFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226117
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria occipitalis
id: UBERON:0001613
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

superficial temporal artery
definition: In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Superficial temporal artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181325005
has db xref: BTO:0003747
has db xref: FMA:49650
has db xref: MA:0002062
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv33WkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria temporalis superficialis
id: UBERON:0001614
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: temporal artery

transverse facial artery
definition: The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Transverse facial artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226132
has db xref: Transverse Facial Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/146551008
has db xref: FMA:49657
has db xref: MA:0002068
has db xref: UMLS:C0226132
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria transversa faciei
id: UBERON:0001615
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

maxillary artery
definition: The maxillary artery (or internal maxillary artery in older texts) is an artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000011: ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries
has db xref: Maxillary artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0024949
has db xref: Maxillary Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181326006
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001069
has db xref: EHDAA:7357
has db xref: EMAPA:17311
has db xref: FMA:49675
has db xref: GAID:498
has db xref: MA:0001919
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.523
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwDDJ45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0024949
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria maxillaris
has related synonym: internal maxillary artery
id: UBERON:0001616
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: artery
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: directly_develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003118
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: directly_develops_from
    some values from: UBERON_0003118

mental artery
definition: The mental branch of inferior alveolar artery escapes with the nerve at the mental foramen, supplies the chin, and anastomoses with the submental and inferior labial arteries. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Mental part of inferior alveolar artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226144
has db xref: Mental Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/147561008
has db xref: FMA:49701
has db xref: MA:0002002
has db xref: UMLS:C0226144
has exact synonym: mental branch of inferior alveolar artery
has exact synonym: ramus mentalis (arteria alveolaris inferior)
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001617
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
subclass of: artery
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0014693

buccal artery
definition: The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Buccal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226151
has db xref: Buccal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/148066005
has db xref: FMA:49754
has db xref: MA:0001924
has db xref: UMLS:C0226151
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria buccalis
has related synonym: arteria buccinatoria
id: UBERON:0001618
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery

ophthalmic artery
definition: The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic canal. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: Part of internal carotid which carries blood via branches to the eye, the eye muscles, and eyelids.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: part_of internal carotid (AAO:0010219)[AAO]
has db xref: Ophthalmic artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0029078
has db xref: Opthalmic Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181310005
has db xref: AAO:0010497
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001300
has db xref: EHDAA:7363
has db xref: EMAPA:17007
has db xref: FMA:49868
has db xref: GAID:503
has db xref: MA:0002011
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.622
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvcCxpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0029078
has db xref: XAO:0000368
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria ophthalmica
has related synonym: opthalmic artery
id: UBERON:0001619
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: internal carotid artery

central retinal artery
definition: The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Central retinal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0035301
has db xref: Retinal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/277771001
has db xref: FMA:49879
has db xref: GAID:508
has db xref: MA:0002038
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.765
has db xref: UMLS:C0035301
has exact synonym: Zinn's artery
has exact synonym: central artery of retina
has exact synonym: retinal artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria centralis retinae
has related synonym: central artery of the retina
id: UBERON:0001620
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: ophthalmic artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002270
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: camera-type eye

coronary artery
definition: An artery that supplies the myocardium.
has db xref: Coronary anatomy
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0205042
has db xref: Coronary Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181294004
has db xref: BTO:0000290
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0176
has db xref: EFO:0002551
has db xref: EMAPA:19160
has db xref: EMAPA:25968
has db xref: EV:0100383
has db xref: FMA:49893
has db xref: MA:0002453
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvoL56ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0205042
has db xref: VHOG:0001557
has db xref: ZFA:0005812
has db xref: galen:CoronaryArtery
has exact synonym: coronary arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: coronary vessel
id: UBERON:0001621
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003498
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: heart
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002349

lacrimal artery
definition: The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Lacrimal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226171
has db xref: Lacrimal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369324002
has db xref: FMA:49927
has db xref: MA:0001988
has db xref: UMLS:C0226171
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: a. lacrimalis
id: UBERON:0001622
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: lacrimal gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: ophthalmic artery
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: artery
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: lacrimal gland

dorsal nasal artery
definition: The dorsal nasal artery (nasal artery) is an artery of the head. It is one of the two terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Dorsal nasal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226194
has db xref: Dorsal Nasal Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369333000
has db xref: EMAPA:35292
has db xref: FMA:50000
has db xref: MA:0001945
has db xref: UMLS:C0226194
has exact synonym: dorsal nasal branch of ophthalmic artery
has exact synonym: external nasal artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria dorsalis nasi
id: UBERON:0001623
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0015156

anterior cerebral artery
definition: One of a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis.
has db xref: Anterior cerebral artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0149561
has db xref: Anterior Cerebral Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181309000
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000128
has db xref: EHDAA:5296
has db xref: EMAPA:17854
has db xref: FMA:50028
has db xref: GAID:485
has db xref: MA:0001915
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.228.100
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv8biO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0149561
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria cerebri anterior
id: UBERON:0001624
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004449

right coronary artery
definition: Coronary artery which emerges from the anterior aortic sinus, between the right auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the right side of the heart.[FMA]
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Right coronary artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1261316
has db xref: Right Coronary Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362037006
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004505
has db xref: FMA:50039
has db xref: MA:0002455
has db xref: UMLS:C1261316
has exact synonym: right coronary arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria coronaria dextra
id: UBERON:0001625
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: coronary artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: heart
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002349

left coronary artery
definition: Coronary artery which emerges from the left posterior aortic sinus, between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the left side of the heart.[FMA]
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Left coronary artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1261082
has db xref: Left Coronary Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362034004
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004504
has db xref: FMA:50040
has db xref: MA:0002454
has db xref: UMLS:C1261082
has exact synonym: left coronary arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria coronaria sinistra
id: UBERON:0001626
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: coronary artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002349
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: heart

middle cerebral artery
definition: The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices. The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Middle cerebral artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0149566
has db xref: Middle Cerebral Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181312002
has db xref: BTO:0005206
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001179
has db xref: EHDAA:5298
has db xref: EMAPA:18239
has db xref: FMA:50079
has db xref: GAID:487
has db xref: MA:0001935
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.228.550
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvh3qQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0149566
has exact synonym: sylvian artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria cerebri media
id: UBERON:0001627
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004449

posterior communicating artery
definition: In human anatomy, the posterior communicating artery is one of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery.
UBPROP_0000001: An artery that connects caudal division of the internal carotid artery and the basal communicating artery to the basilar artery. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000008: todo - verify ZFA link: An artery that connects caudal division of the internal carotid artery and the basal communicating artery to the basilar artery
has db xref: Posterior communicating artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0149559
has db xref: Posterior Communicating Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181314001
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004518
has db xref: EHDAA:3352
has db xref: EMAPA:18600
has db xref: FMA:50084
has db xref: MA:0002023
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwDDlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001487
has db xref: TAO:0005001
has db xref: UMLS:C0149559
has db xref: ZFA:0005001
has exact synonym: caudal communicating segment
has exact synonym: posterior communicating segment of the basilar artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: PCA
has related synonym: PCS
has related synonym: arteria cerebri communicans posterior
id: UBERON:0001628
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: UBERON_0006347
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: internal carotid artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003709

carotid body
definition: A small epithelioid structure consisting of a small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery that serves as a chemoreceptive organ that senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control.
has db xref: Carotid body
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007277
has db xref: Carotid Body
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362586000
has db xref: BTO:0000204
has db xref: EMAPA:19211
has db xref: FMA:50095
has db xref: GAID:813
has db xref: MA:0002463
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.550.700.120.600.150
has db xref: UMLS:C0007277
has exact synonym: carotid glomus
has exact synonym: glomus caroticum
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001629
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: external carotid artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: internal carotid artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: common carotid artery plus branches

muscle organ
definition: Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of skeletal muscle tissue aggregated into macroscopic fasciculi by connective tissue; together with other muscles, it constitutes the muscular system. Examples: biceps, diaphragm, masseter, right third external intercostal muscle, external oblique, levator ani, serratus anterior[FMA].
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: muscular
has broad synonym: muscle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/71616004
has db xref: AAO:0011066
has db xref: EMAPA:32715
has db xref: EV:0100146
has db xref: FMA:5022
has db xref: GAID:131
has db xref: MA:0000015
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0005145
has db xref: VHOG:0001245
has db xref: XAO:0000172
has db xref: ZFA:0005145
has db xref: galen:Muscle
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001630
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: UBERON_0005090
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: musculature
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002385
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organ
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002385

thoracic duct
definition: Lymphatic trunk that connects all tributaries of the thoracic duct tree to the trunk of the left brachiocephalic vein[FMA].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Thoracic duct
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039979
has db xref: Thoracic Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362600004
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004501
has db xref: EMAPA:19310
has db xref: FMA:5031
has db xref: GAID:1290
has db xref: MA:0002801
has db xref: MESH:A15.382.520.869
has db xref: TAO:0005110
has db xref: UMLS:C0039979
has db xref: ZFA:0005110
has exact synonym: trunk of thoracic duct tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus thoracicus
id: UBERON:0001631
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: lymphatic vessel
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002065

temporal artery
definition: In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Part of lateral pretrosal artery which supplies blood to the eyelids.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: part_of lateral pretrosal artery (AAO:0010494)[AAO]
has db xref: Temporal artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039482
has db xref: Temporal Artery
has db xref: AAO:0010495
has db xref: FMA:50438
has db xref: GAID:489
has db xref: MA:0002061
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.228.868
has db xref: UMLS:C0039482
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001632
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head

basilar artery
definition: A major artery that supplues the hindbrain and runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain.
UBPROP_0000001: Artery that runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain. It lies between the primordial hindbrain channels(PHBC). It irrigates the hindbrain and is connected, through the hindbrain, to the PHBC by the central arteries.
UBPROP_0000001: The unpaired artery that is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries, runs forward within the skull just under the pons, divides into the two posterior cerebral arteries, and supplies the pons, cerebellum, posterior part of the cerebrum, and the inner ear[MP].
UBPROP_0000003: The major artery supplying the hindbrain, the basilar artery, runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain in all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Basilar artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0004811
has db xref: Basilar Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244215004
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000163
has db xref: EHDAA:5285
has db xref: EMAPA:17307
has db xref: FMA:50542
has db xref: GAID:474
has db xref: MA:0001920
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.106
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJTtcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0005002
has db xref: UMLS:C0004811
has db xref: VHOG:0000237
has db xref: ZFA:0005002
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: BA
id: UBERON:0001633
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: unverified taxonomic grouping
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: vertebral artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: subclavian artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002200
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: vertebral artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002028

mesencephalic artery
definition: The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein.
editor note: review this term, check taxon scope
UBPROP_0000001: Develops from the proximal portion of the primitive mesencephalic artery. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Develops from the proximal portion of the primitive mesencephalic artery[ZFA:0001068, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-010205-5].
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: develops_from primitive mesencephalic artery (TAO:0001062)[TAO]
has db xref: FMA:50570
has db xref: TAO:0001068
has db xref: XAO:0004173
has db xref: ZFA:0001068
has exact synonym: MsA
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001634
type: Class
subclass of: artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_2001062
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: midbrain

superior cerebellar artery
definition: The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arises near the termination of the basilar artery. It passes lateralward, immediately below the oculomotor nerve, which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery, winds around the cerebral peduncle, close to the trochlear nerve, and, arriving at the upper surface of the cerebellum, divides into branches which ramify in the pia mater and anastomose with those of the inferior cerebellar arteries. Several branches are given to the pineal body, the anterior medullary velum, and the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Superior cerebellar artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0149575
has db xref: Superior Cerebellar Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244214000
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000681
has db xref: EMAPA:19309
has db xref: FMA:50573
has db xref: MA:0001934
has db xref: UMLS:C0149575
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria superior cerebelli
id: UBERON:0001635
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003472
subclass of: UBERON_0004573
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: basilar artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: metencephalon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002037

posterior cerebral artery
definition: The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain in human anatomy]. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the basilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA). [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Posterior cerebral artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0149576
has db xref: Posterior Cerebral Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181313007
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000659
has db xref: EMAPA:17861
has db xref: FMA:50583
has db xref: GAID:488
has db xref: MA:0002022
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.228.700
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwO4qIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0149576
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria cerebri posterior
id: UBERON:0001636
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0004449
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: basilar artery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: basilar artery

artery
definition: An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition].
editor note: Note that in FMA an artery is a tree, whereas AEO/JB defines it as a tube; FMA includes a separate class for what it calls the trunk. Classification in this ontology may currently (Jan 2012) represent a mix of both schemes, although we are gradually revising in the direction of the AEO scheme.
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: arterial
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_63812
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003842
has db xref: Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362877004
has db xref: AAO:0010211
has db xref: AEO:0000208
has db xref: BTO:0000573
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0054
has db xref: EFO:0000814
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000143
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003253
has db xref: EMAPA:35147
has db xref: EV:0100026
has db xref: FMA:50720
has db xref: GAID:468
has db xref: MA:0000064
has db xref: MAT:0000034
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114
has db xref: MIAA:0000034
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjknZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000005
has db xref: UMLS:C0003842
has db xref: VHOG:0001251
has db xref: XAO:0000114
has db xref: ZFA:0000005
has db xref: galen:Artery
has exact synonym: arterial subtree
has exact synonym: arterial tree organ part
has exact synonym: arteries
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arterial system
has related synonym: arterial vessel
id: UBERON:0001637
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003509
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004572
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: heart

vein
definition: Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart.
editor note: TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_63814
has broad synonym: venous subtree
has broad synonym: venous vessel
has db xref: Vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042449
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181367001
has db xref: AAO:0010212
has db xref: AEO:0000209
has db xref: BTO:0000234
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1108
has db xref: EFO:0000816
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003254
has db xref: EMAPA:35906
has db xref: EV:0100031
has db xref: FMA:50723
has db xref: GAID:492
has db xref: MA:0000067
has db xref: MAT:0000037
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908
has db xref: MIAA:0000037
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000082
has db xref: UMLS:C0042449
has db xref: VHOG:0001743
has db xref: XAO:0000115
has db xref: ZFA:0000082
has db xref: galen:Vein
has exact synonym: venous tree organ part
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vascular element
has related synonym: vena
has related synonym: venae
id: UBERON:0001638
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003920
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: UBERON_0001982

hepatic portal vein
definition: A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong].
UBPROP_0000003: Adults of all vertebrates lose the vitelline veins and establish a single large hepatic portal vein (...) by the selective retention of parts of the left and right subintestinals and of several anastomoses that occur between them within and just posterior to the liver.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In humans A vein in the abdominal cavity that drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen. It is usually formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, and also receives blood from the inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein is a major component of the hepatic portal system, one of the main portal venous systems in the body. Conditions involving the hepatic portal vein cause considerable illness and death. An important example of such a condition is elevated blood pressure in the hepatic portal vein. This condition, called portal hypertension, is a major complication of cirrhosis worldwide. [WP,unvetted]
has db xref: Hepatic portal vein
has db xref: AAO:0010214
has db xref: FMA:50735
has db xref: MA:0002132
has db xref: TAO:0005090
has db xref: VHOG:0000642
has db xref: ZFA:0005090
has exact synonym: hepatic portal tree
has exact synonym: liver portal vein
has exact synonym: portal vein of liver
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: HPV
has related synonym: portal vein
has related synonym: primary hepatic portal vein
has related synonym: primary hepatic portal veins
has related synonym: vena portae hepatis
id: UBERON:0001639
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010194
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: UBERON_0002107
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002107

celiac artery
definition: The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta.
has db xref: Celiac artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007569
has db xref: Coeliac Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181340007
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004519
has db xref: EMAPA:35202
has db xref: FMA:50737
has db xref: GAID:483
has db xref: MA:0001931
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.114.207
has db xref: UMLS:C0007569
has exact synonym: celiac tree
has exact synonym: coeliac artery
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria coeliaca
has related synonym: arteria cœliaca
has related synonym: celiac trunk
has related synonym: coeliac axis
has related synonym: coeliac trunck
has related synonym: coeliac trunk
has related synonym: truncus coeliacus
has related synonym: truncus cœliacus
id: UBERON:0001640
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: dorsal aorta in Kardong
subclass of: UBERON_0012254
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: abdominal aorta
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: indirectly supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002107
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: indirectly supplies
  some values from: intestine
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: indirectly supplies
  some values from: stomach
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: indirectly supplies
  some values from: UBERON_0002106

transverse sinus
definition: one of the dural venous sinuses and drains the superior sagittal sinus the occipital sinus and the straight sinus, and empties into the sigmoid sinus which in turn reaches the jugular bulb.
editor note: TODO - check subclasses
has db xref: Transverse sinuses
has db xref: Transverse Sinus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279262004
has db xref: EMAPA:18637
has db xref: FMA:50763
has db xref: MA:0001868
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwDb62ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has exact synonym: sinus transversus durae matris
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: groove for right and left transverse sinuses
has related synonym: lateral sinus
has related synonym: sinus transversus
has related synonym: transverse sinus
has related synonym: transverse sinus vein
id: UBERON:0001641
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0017635
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head

superior sagittal sinus
definition: The superior sagittal sinus (also known as the superior longitudinal sinus), within a human cranium, is an area above/behind the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the top of the head towards the back. It is believed that the cerebrospinal fluid drains through the arachnoid granulations into the dural venous sinuses of the superior sagittal sinus. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Superior sagittal sinus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226859
has db xref: Superior Sagittal Sinus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362075006
has db xref: EMAPA:18636
has db xref: FMA:50767
has db xref: MA:0001867
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9naEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226859
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: sinus sagittalis superior
id: UBERON:0001642
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0015704
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0009968

oculomotor nerve
definition: Cranial nerve which connects the midbrain to the extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: Somatic efferent fibers which innervate four eye muscles.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: 3n
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Oculomotor nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0028864
has db xref: Oculomotor Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 1646
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362456009
has db xref: AAO:0010468
has db xref: BAMS:3n
has db xref: BAMS:IIIn
has db xref: BM:MB-IIIN
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001284
has db xref: EHDAA:3736
has db xref: EMAPA:17574
has db xref: FMA:50864
has db xref: GAID:829
has db xref: HBA:9316
has db xref: MA:0001095
has db xref: MBA:832
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.600
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvj7pZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000405
has db xref: UMLS:C0028864
has db xref: VHOG:0000692
has db xref: XAO:0003090
has db xref: ZFA:0000405
has exact synonym: nervus oculomotorius
has exact synonym: nervus oculomotorius [III]
has exact synonym: oculomotor III
has exact synonym: oculomotor III nerve
has exact synonym: oculomotor nerve [III]
has exact synonym: oculomotor nerve tree
has exact synonym: third cranial nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: CN-III
has related synonym: cranial nerve III
has related synonym: nerve III
has related synonym: occulomotor
has related synonym: oculomotor nerve or its root
id: UBERON:0001643
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: extra-ocular muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010285
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: oculomotor nuclear complex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: UBERON_0011222
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: extra-ocular muscle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: UBERON_0011222
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: oculomotor nuclear complex

trochlear nerve
definition: A cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles.
UBPROP_0000001: Somatic efferent nerve which supplies a single eye muscle, the m. obliquus superior.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: Homologous trochlear nerves are found in all jawed vertebrates
UBPROP_0000011: The human trochlear nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic midbrain.
has broad synonym: 4n
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Trochlear nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0041159
has db xref: Trochlear Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 1654
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/180939009
has db xref: AAO:0010469
has db xref: BAMS:4n
has db xref: BAMS:IVn
has db xref: BAMS:nIV
has db xref: BM:IVN
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002090
has db xref: EMAPA:18218
has db xref: FMA:50865
has db xref: GAID:838
has db xref: HBA:9319
has db xref: MA:0001105
has db xref: MBA:911
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.800
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvyeBQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000600
has db xref: UMLS:C0041159
has db xref: VHOG:0000705
has db xref: XAO:0003091
has db xref: ZFA:0000600
has exact synonym: cranial nerve IV
has exact synonym: fourth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: nervus trochlearis [IV]
has exact synonym: superior oblique nerve
has exact synonym: trochlear IV nerve
has exact synonym: trochlear nerve [IV]
has exact synonym: trochlear nerve tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: CN-IV
has related synonym: nerve IV
has related synonym: nervus trochlearis
has related synonym: pathetic nerve
has related synonym: trochlear
has related synonym: trochlear nerve or its root
has related synonym: trochlear nerve/root
id: UBERON:0001644
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: UBERON_0006321
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0002722
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: UBERON_0006321
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0002722

trigeminal nerve
definition: Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw).
UBPROP_0000001: Nerve consists of motor and sensory components. Ganglion cells of the sensory component form the proximal part of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion. From the ganglion 3 major rami innervate jaws, snout, and buccal roof.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls
has broad synonym: 5n
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Trigeminal nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0040996
has db xref: Trigeminal Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 869
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362459002
has db xref: AAO:0010470
has db xref: BAMS:5n
has db xref: BAMS:Vn
has db xref: BAMS:nV
has db xref: BM:VN
has db xref: BTO:0001072
has db xref: EFO:0001402
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002084
has db xref: EHDAA:3738
has db xref: EMAPA:17576
has db xref: FMA:50866
has db xref: GAID:726
has db xref: HBA:9322
has db xref: MA:0001100
has db xref: MBA:901
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.760
has db xref: MFMO:0000093
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwMF8CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000697
has db xref: UMLS:C0040996
has db xref: VHOG:0000704
has db xref: XAO:0003092
has db xref: ZFA:0000697
has exact synonym: fifth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: nervus trigeminus
has exact synonym: nervus trigeminus [v]
has exact synonym: trigeminal V
has exact synonym: trigeminal nerve [V]
has exact synonym: trigeminal nerve tree
has exact synonym: trigeminal v nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: CN-V
has related synonym: cranial nerve V
has related synonym: nerve V
has related synonym: nervus trigeminus
has related synonym: trigeminus
id: UBERON:0001645
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005239
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: mouth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003099
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: UBERON_1000021
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0002925
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: UBERON_0011648
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: mouth
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: UBERON_0011648
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: UBERON_1000021
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0002925

abducens nerve
definition: Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles.
UBPROP_0000001: Somatic motor nerve which bifurcates innervating m. rectus lateralis and m. retractor bulbi (eye muscles).[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: Homologous abducens nerves are found in all vertebrates except lampreys and hagfishes.[WP] It controls the movement of a single muscle, the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, in humans. In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection
has broad synonym: 6n
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Abducens nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0000741
has db xref: Abducens Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 876
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/180941005
has db xref: AAO:0010471
has db xref: BAMS:VIn
has db xref: BM:Pons-VIN
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000103
has db xref: EMAPA:18216
has db xref: FMA:50867
has db xref: GAID:824
has db xref: HBA:9325
has db xref: MA:0001087
has db xref: MBA:710
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.030
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvjl41ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000310
has db xref: UMLS:C0000741
has db xref: VHOG:0000697
has db xref: XAO:0003093
has db xref: ZFA:0000310
has exact synonym: abducens VI nerve
has exact synonym: abducens nerve [VI]
has exact synonym: abducens nerve tree
has exact synonym: abducent nerve [VI]
has exact synonym: lateral rectus nerve
has exact synonym: nervus abducens
has exact synonym: nervus abducens [VI]
has exact synonym: sixth cranial nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: CN-VI
has related synonym: abducens nerve/root
has related synonym: abducent nerve
has related synonym: abducents VI nerve
has related synonym: cranial nerve VI
has related synonym: nerve VI
has related synonym: nervus abducens
id: UBERON:0001646
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005239
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: extra-ocular muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0002682
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: extra-ocular muscle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0002682

facial nerve
definition: Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches).
UBPROP_0000001: Slender nerve composed of branchiomotor and visceral efferent fibers innervating the mouth and various muscles within the jaw. Sensory components innervate the bucccal roof and somatomotor components innervate the depressor musculature and muscle interhyoideus.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: 7n
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Facial nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015462
has db xref: Facial Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 827
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362460007
has db xref: AAO:0010472
has db xref: BAMS:7n
has db xref: BAMS:VIIn
has db xref: BAMS:Viin
has db xref: BAMS:nVII
has db xref: BM:Pons-VIIN
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000489
has db xref: EHDAA:3729
has db xref: EMAPA:17796
has db xref: FMA:50868
has db xref: GAID:719
has db xref: HBA:9328
has db xref: MA:0001091
has db xref: MBA:798
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.250
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvthgEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000664
has db xref: UMLS:C0015462
has db xref: VHOG:0000706
has db xref: XAO:0003094
has db xref: ZFA:0000664
has exact synonym: Facial nerve [VII]
has exact synonym: branchiomeric cranial nerve
has exact synonym: face nerve
has exact synonym: facial VII
has exact synonym: facial VII nerve
has exact synonym: facial nerve tree
has exact synonym: nerve of face
has exact synonym: nervus facialis
has exact synonym: nervus facialis [vii]
has exact synonym: seventh cranial nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: CN-VII
has related synonym: cranial nerve VII
has related synonym: facial nerve or its root
has related synonym: facial nerve/root
has related synonym: nerve VII
has related synonym: nervus facialis
id: UBERON:0001647
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: facial muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: facial nucleus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: gustatory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003066
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005239
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: facial muscle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: facial nucleus

vestibulocochlear nerve
definition: Cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.
UBPROP_0000001: Nerve primarily composed of special somatic afferent fibers innervating the inner ear, and is involved in balance, position, and hearing.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: 8n
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Vestibulocochlear nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001162
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1278835
has db xref: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 890
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/180945001
has db xref: AAO:0010473
has db xref: BAMS:8n
has db xref: BAMS:VIIIn
has db xref: BAMS:nVIII
has db xref: BTO:0003490
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002194
has db xref: EMAPA:17801
has db xref: FMA:50869
has db xref: GAID:839
has db xref: HBA:9331
has db xref: MA:0001109
has db xref: MBA:933
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.910
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000247
has db xref: UMLS:C0001162
has db xref: UMLS:C1278835
has db xref: VHOG:0000695
has db xref: XAO:0003095
has db xref: ZFA:0000247
has exact synonym: CN-VIII
has exact synonym: VIII nerve
has exact synonym: VIIIth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: Vestibulocochlear nerve [VIII]
has exact synonym: acoustic VIII nerve
has exact synonym: acoustic nerve
has exact synonym: acoustic nerve (Crosby)
has exact synonym: cochlear-vestibular nerve
has exact synonym: cochleovestibular nerve
has exact synonym: cranial nerve VIII
has exact synonym: eighth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: nervus vestibulocochlearis [viii]
has exact synonym: stato-acoustic nerve
has exact synonym: vestibulocochlear VIII nerve
has exact synonym: vestibulocochlear nerve tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nervus octavus
has related synonym: nervus statoacusticus
has related synonym: nervus vestibulocochlearis
has related synonym: octaval nerve
has related synonym: statoacoustic nerve
id: UBERON:0001648
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003069
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002105
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: cochlear nucleus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: cochlea
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: cochlea
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: cochlear nucleus

glossopharyngeal nerve
definition: Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult).
UBPROP_0000001: Small nerve consisting of branchiomotor and visceral efferent and afferent fibers which innervate the m. subarculais rectus I, dorsal buccal mucosa, and the tongue.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: 9n
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Glossopharyngeal nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017679
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1305752
has db xref: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 899
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362465002
has db xref: AAO:0010474
has db xref: BAMS:9n
has db xref: BAMS:IXn
has db xref: BTO:0004979
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000709
has db xref: EHDAA:3733
has db xref: EMAPA:17268
has db xref: FMA:50870
has db xref: GAID:827
has db xref: HBA:9334
has db xref: MA:0001093
has db xref: MBA:808
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.290
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwIr5X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000668
has db xref: UMLS:C0017679
has db xref: UMLS:C1305752
has db xref: VHOG:0000701
has db xref: XAO:0003096
has db xref: ZFA:0000668
has exact synonym: glossopharyngeal IX
has exact synonym: glossopharyngeal IX nerve
has exact synonym: glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]
has exact synonym: glossopharyngeal nerve tree
has exact synonym: nervus glossopharyngeus
has exact synonym: nervus glossopharyngeus [ix]
has exact synonym: ninth cranial nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: CN-IX
has related synonym: cranial nerve IX
has related synonym: nerve IX
has related synonym: nervus glossopharyngeus
id: UBERON:0001649
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005239
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: UBERON_0006562
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: gustatory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003099
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: medulla oblongata
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: taste bud

hypoglossal nerve
definition: Cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of the tongue.
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 8292
UBPROP_0000001: Cranial nerve that innervates muscles in the tongue. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-14, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: In amphibians, represents the hypoglossal nerve in amniotes. Innverates mm. geniohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, rectus cervicis
UBPROP_0000001: Nerve which innervates the muscles associated with the tongue including mm geniohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus and rectus cervicis.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Cranial nerves XI and XII evolved in the common ancestor to amniotes (non-amphibian tetrapods) thus totalling twelve pairs.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: we use a broad definition of this cranial nerve that encompasses the amphibian predecessor of true amniote hypoglossal nerves
has broad synonym: 12n
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Hypoglossal nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0020614
has db xref: Hypoglossal Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 820
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362471008
has db xref: AAO:0010477
has db xref: BAMS:12n
has db xref: BAMS:XIIn
has db xref: BAMS:nXII
has db xref: BTO:0003386
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000798
has db xref: EHDAA:2859
has db xref: EMAPA:17269
has db xref: FMA:50871
has db xref: GAID:828
has db xref: HBA:9343
has db xref: MA:0001094
has db xref: MBA:813
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.330
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9eWA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0020614
has db xref: VHOG:0000693
has db xref: XAO:0004215
has exact synonym: Hypoglossal nerve [XII]
has exact synonym: cranial nerve XII
has exact synonym: hypoglossal XII
has exact synonym: hypoglossal XII nerve
has exact synonym: hypoglossal nerve tree
has exact synonym: nervus hypoglossus [xii]
has exact synonym: twelfth cranial nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: CN-XII
has related synonym: hypoglossal nerve/ root
has related synonym: nerve XII
has related synonym: nervi hypoglossalis
has related synonym: nervus hypoglossus
id: UBERON:0001650
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: genioglossus muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: hyoglossus muscle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0002871
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervates
  some values from: tongue muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: innervates
    some values from: tongue muscle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0002871

right pulmonary artery
definition: The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ'
has db xref: Right pulmonary artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0923924
has db xref: Right Pulmonary Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244235003
has db xref: FMA:50872
has db xref: MA:0002500
has db xref: UMLS:C0923924
has db xref: galen:RightPulmonaryArtery
has exact synonym: right main pulmonary artery
has exact synonym: right pulmonary arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria pulmonalis dextra
id: UBERON:0001651
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002012

left pulmonary artery
definition: The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide - approximately 5 cm (2 inches) in length and 3 cm (1.2 inches) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ'
has db xref: Left pulmonary artery
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0923925
has db xref: Left Pulmonary Artery
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244234004
has db xref: FMA:50873
has db xref: MA:0002032
has db xref: UMLS:C0923925
has db xref: galen:LeftPulmonaryArtery
has exact synonym: left main pulmonary artery
has exact synonym: left pulmonary arterial tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arteria pulmonalis sinistra
id: UBERON:0001652
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002012

facial vein
definition: The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000012: MA and NCITA also has 'anterior facial vein'
has db xref: Facial vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226532
has db xref: Facial Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181374006
has db xref: AAO:0010513
has db xref: EMAPA:19220
has db xref: FMA:50874
has db xref: MA:0002115
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvziz3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226532
has exact synonym: face vein
has exact synonym: vein of face
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior facial vein
has related synonym: vena facialis anterior
id: UBERON:0001653
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0003502
subclass of: UBERON_0009141
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: face
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: internal jugular vein

supraorbital vein
definition: The supraorbital vein begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the angular vein. Previous to its junction with the frontal vein, it sends through the supraorbital notch into the orbit a branch which communicates with the ophthalmic vein; as this vessel passes through the notch, it receives the frontal diploic vein through a foramen at the bottom of the notch. The areas drained by this vessel are the forehead, eyebrow and upper eyelid. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Supraorbital vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226535
has db xref: Supra-orbital Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/152006005
has db xref: FMA:50904
has db xref: MA:0002228
has db xref: UMLS:C0226535
has exact synonym: supra-orbital vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001654
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0003502
subclass of: UBERON_0009141
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: facial vein

submental vein
definition: A vein in the chin that is connected to the sublingual and anterior jugular veins and drains into the facial vein.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226541
has db xref: Submental Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/152309009
has db xref: FMA:50925
has db xref: MA:0002223
has db xref: UMLS:C0226541
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001655
type: Class
subclass of: mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0003502
subclass of: UBERON_0009141
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: facial vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008199

retromandibular vein
definition: The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein), formed by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins, descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery but beneath the facial nerve, between the ramus of the mandible and the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. It divides into two branches: an anterior, which passes forward and unites with the anterior facial vein to form the common facial vein. a posterior, which is joined by the posterior auricular vein and becomes the external jugular vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Retromandibular vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226520
has db xref: Temporo-maxillary Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/151299003
has db xref: FMA:50928
has db xref: MA:0002117
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv0bn95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226520
has exact synonym: posterior facial vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena facialis posterior
has related synonym: vena retromandibularis
id: UBERON:0001656
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: facial vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: external jugular vein

superficial temporal vein
definition: The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226521
has db xref: Superficial Temporal Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/150087005
has db xref: BTO:0003748
has db xref: EMAPA:19315
has db xref: FMA:50932
has db xref: MA:0002242
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvmANWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226521
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: venae temporales superficiales
id: UBERON:0001657
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: temporal vein
subclass of: UBERON_0003502
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: subclavian vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: external jugular vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: retromandibular vein

middle temporal vein
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/151400007
has db xref: FMA:50935
has db xref: MA:0002241
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001658
type: Class
subclass of: temporal vein
subclass of: UBERON_0003502
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: external jugular vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: subclavian vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: retromandibular vein

transverse facial vein
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/151501009
has db xref: FMA:50938
has db xref: MA:0002247
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001659
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0003502
subclass of: UBERON_0009141
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: retromandibular vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: subclavian vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: external jugular vein

maxillary vein
definition: The maxillary veins (internal maxillary vein in older sources) consist of a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the internal maxillary artery. It is formed by a confluence of the veins of the pterygoid plexus, and passes backward between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible, and unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000008: in horses, a branch of the external jugular gives off the occipital and caudal auricular vein
has db xref: Maxillary vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226524
has db xref: Internal Maxillary Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/29972009
has db xref: FMA:50941
has db xref: MA:0002169
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlDSc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0226524
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001660
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0003502
subclass of: UBERON_0009141
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: retromandibular vein

deep temporal vein
definition: The blood vessels at the vertex and on either side of the head that drain deoxygenated blood into the pterygoid venous plexus.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226526
has db xref: Deep Temporal Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/798000
has db xref: FMA:50954
has db xref: MA:0002240
has db xref: UMLS:C0226526
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001661
type: Class
subclass of: temporal vein

anterior auricular vein
definition: The anterior auricular veins are veins which drain the anterior aspect of the external ear. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Anterior auricular veins
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226527
has db xref: Anterior Auricular Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/151602009
has db xref: FMA:50956
has db xref: MA:0002083
has db xref: MA:0002214
has db xref: UMLS:C0226527
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: venae auriculares anteriores
id: UBERON:0001662
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006197
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: retromandibular vein

cerebral vein
definition: The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The external veins are the superior cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_70861
has db xref: Cerebral veins
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007797
has db xref: Cerebral Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244392000
has db xref: FMA:50981
has db xref: GAID:530
has db xref: MA:0002096
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.908.155
has db xref: UMLS:C0007797
has db xref: XAO:0004160
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: venae cerebri
has related synonym: venae encephali
id: UBERON:0001663
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: UBERON_0003499
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: telencephalon

inferior cerebral vein
definition: The inferior cerebral veins, of small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres. Those on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe join the superior cerebral veins, and through these open into the superior sagittal sinus. Those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Inferior cerebral veins
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244395003
has db xref: FMA:50986
has db xref: MA:0002097
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: small cerebral vein
id: UBERON:0001664
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: cerebral vein

triceps surae
definition: The triceps surae is a pair of muscles located at the calf - the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscles both insert into the calcaneus, the bone of the heel of the human foot, and form the major part of the muscle of the back part of the lower leg, commonly known as the calf muscle. The triceps surae is connected to the foot through the Achilles tendon, and has 3 heads deriving from the 2 major masses of muscle. The superficial portion (the gastrocnemius) gives off 2 heads attaching to the base of the femur directly above the knee. The deep (profundis) mass of muscle (the soleus) forms the remaining head which attaches to the superior posterior area of the tibia. The triceps surae is innervated by the tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000012: A set of muscles in FMA, a single organ in MA
has db xref: Triceps surae muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0224458
has db xref: Triceps Surae
has db xref: FMA:51062
has db xref: MA:0002400
has db xref: UMLS:C0224458
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: calf muscle
has related synonym: gastrosoleus
has related synonym: gastrosoleus complex
has related synonym: musculus triceps surae
has related synonym: sural triceps
id: UBERON:0001665
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle organ
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: tibial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: calcaneus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003823
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: UBERON_0003701

flexor digitorum longus
definition: The Flexor digitorum longus is situated on the tibial side of the leg. At its origin it is thin and pointed, but it gradually increases in size as it descends. This muscle serves to curl the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes (flexion of phalanges II-V). [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Flexor digitorum longus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1261048
has db xref: Flexor Digitorum Longus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181703002
has db xref: BTO:0000466
has db xref: EMAPA:36248
has db xref: FMA:51071
has db xref: MA:0002299
has db xref: UMLS:C1261048
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001666
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: muscle of leg

tibialis posterior
definition: The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles, and is located in the posterior compartment of the leg. It is the key stabilizing muscle of the lower leg. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Tibialis posterior muscle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1711425
has db xref: Tibialis Caudalis
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361824007
has db xref: BTO:0000867
has db xref: EMAPA:36255
has db xref: FMA:51099
has db xref: MA:0002394
has db xref: UMLS:C1711425
has exact synonym: tibialis caudalis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ibialis posticus
has related synonym: musculus tibialis posterior
has related synonym: posterior tibialis
has related synonym: tibialis posterior muscle
id: UBERON:0001667
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0008230
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: tibia
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_antagonist
  some values from: tibialis anterior
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_origin
  some values from: fibula
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: tibial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: navicular bone of pes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_muscle_insertion
  some values from: distal tarsal bone 1

cerebellar vein
definition: Cerebellar veins are veins which drain the cerebellum. More specifically, they are: Superior cerebellar veins Inferior cerebellar veins [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Cerebellar veins
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226601
has db xref: Cerebellar Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/40693009
has db xref: FMA:51227
has db xref: MA:0002093
has db xref: UMLS:C0226601
has exact synonym: cerebellum vein
has exact synonym: epencephalon-1 vein
has exact synonym: vein of cerebellum
has exact synonym: vein of epencephalon-1
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001668
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: UBERON_0002037
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: UBERON_0002037

superior cerebellar vein
definition: The superior cerebellar veins pass partly forward and medialward, across the superior vermis, to end in the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins, partly lateralward to the transverse and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Superior cerebellar vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/64307009
has db xref: FMA:51232
has db xref: MA:0002095
has exact synonym: vein of superior cerebellar hemisphere
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001669
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: cerebellar vein

inferior cerebellar vein
definition: The inferior cerebellar veins are of large size, end in the transverse, superior petrosal, and occipital sinuses. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Inferior cerebellar vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/69104006
has db xref: FMA:51233
has db xref: MA:0002094
has exact synonym: inferior vein of cerebellar hemisphere
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001670
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: cerebellar vein

temporal vein
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Temporal vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0924206
has db xref: Temporal Vein
has db xref: FMA:51302
has db xref: MA:0002239
has db xref: UMLS:C0924206
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001671
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0009141
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head

anterior cerebral vein
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/55155007
has db xref: FMA:51306
has db xref: TAO:0001067
has db xref: XAO:0004158
has db xref: ZFA:0001067
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ACeV
has related synonym: rostral cerebral vein
id: UBERON:0001672
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cerebral vein
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0009141
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002200

central retinal vein
definition: The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Central retinal vein
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0035327
has db xref: Retinal Vein
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280913005
has db xref: EFO:0004271
has db xref: FMA:51799
has db xref: GAID:524
has db xref: MA:0002213
has db xref: MESH:A07.231.611.773
has db xref: UMLS:C0035327
has exact synonym: retinal vein
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vena centralis retinae
id: UBERON:0001673
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003496
subclass of: UBERON_0009141
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003712
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: tributary_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005486
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from_part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006011

masseteric vein
definition: A plexiform vein accompanying the masseteric artery that empty into the pterygoid venous plexus.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0925179
has db xref: Masseteric Vein
has db xref: FMA:52519
has db xref: MA:0002167
has db xref: UMLS:C0925179
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: masseteric veins
id: UBERON:0001674
type: Class
subclass of: vein
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: drains
  some values from: masseter muscle
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: vein
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: drains
    some values from: masseter muscle

trigeminal ganglion
definition: A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear.
UBPROP_0000001: A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Trigeminal ganglion
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0040995
has db xref: Trigeminal Ganglion
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244449009
has db xref: AAO:0011107
has db xref: BAMS:5Gn
has db xref: BAMS:GV
has db xref: BTO:0001231
has db xref: EFO:0000903
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002085
has db xref: EHDAA:2113
has db xref: EMAPA:16797
has db xref: FMA:52618
has db xref: GAID:725
has db xref: MA:0001080
has db xref: MAT:0000511
has db xref: MESH:A08.340.390.850
has db xref: TAO:0000295
has db xref: UMLS:C0040995
has db xref: VHOG:0000694
has db xref: XAO:0000427
has db xref: XAO:0000428
has db xref: ZFA:0000295
has exact synonym: 5th ganglion
has exact synonym: Gasserian ganglion
has exact synonym: fifth ganglion
has exact synonym: semilunar ganglion
has exact synonym: trigeminal V ganglion
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Gasser's ganglion
has related synonym: Gasserian ganglia
has related synonym: gV
has related synonym: ganglion of trigeminal nerve
has related synonym: ganglion semilunare
has related synonym: ganglion trigeminale
has related synonym: trigeminal ganglia
has related synonym: trigeminus ganglion
id: UBERON:0001675
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cranial ganglion
subclass of: sensory ganglion
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: trigeminal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0006304
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: trigeminal nerve

occipital bone
definition: the bone at the lower, posterior part of the skull
UBPROP_0000008: formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the annexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII
UBPROP_0000008: fusion of basi-, exo- and supra-occipitals (and maybe tabular)
has db xref: Occipital bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0028784
has db xref: Occipital Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181796003
has db xref: EMAPA:25112
has db xref: FMA:52735
has db xref: GAID:227
has db xref: MA:0001468
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.572
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQtsiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0028784
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: occipital complex
has related synonym: occipital squama
has related synonym: os occipitale
id: UBERON:0001676
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010428
subclass of: UBERON_0011164
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: UBERON_0003687
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: neurocranium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002241
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0003113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003089

sphenoid bone
definition: An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended.
UBPROP_0000012: part of viscerocranium (facial skeleton) in FMA
has db xref: Sphenoid bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0037884
has db xref: Sphenoid Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272676008
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2343
has db xref: EMAPA:18340
has db xref: FMA:52736
has db xref: GAID:230
has db xref: MA:0001472
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.802
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAU9XpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0037884
has exact synonym: os sphenoidale
has exact synonym: sphenoid
has exact synonym: sphenoidal bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: butterfly bone
has related synonym: os sphenoidale
has related synonym: os sphenoidum
has related synonym: sphenoid complex
id: UBERON:0001677
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0003462
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0008193
subclass of: UBERON_0015060
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002241
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0009193
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0008895
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0003113
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015060
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

temporal bone
definition: the large, irregular bone located at the base and side of the skull; consists of three parts at birth: squamous, tympanic, and petrous
UBPROP_0000008: In many mammals, as in humans, the petrosal, ectotympanic and squamosal bones synostose to form the temporal bone + styloid process
UBPROP_0000008: fusion of squamosal + angular (tympanic annulus) [derm.] + petrosal (prootic + opisthotic)
UBPROP_0000010: The temporal bone consists of four parts: * Squama temporalis * Mastoid portion * Petrous portion (Petrosal ridge) * Tympanic part[WP].
UBPROP_0000012: Note the Temporal bone is not explicitly categorized to a part of the cranium in FMA
has db xref: Temporal bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039484
has db xref: Temporal Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181795004
has db xref: EHDAA:6035
has db xref: EMAPA:17682
has db xref: FMA:52737
has db xref: GAID:232
has db xref: MA:0001476
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.885
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkAk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0039484
has db xref: VHOG:0000800
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: os temporale
id: UBERON:0001678
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003462
subclass of: UBERON_0008193
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002241
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0008895
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0003113

ethmoid bone
definition: A bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP]
UBPROP_0000001: A light spongy bone located between the eye sockets, forming part of the walls and septum of the superior nasal cavity, and containing perforations for the passage of olfactory nerve fibers. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The ethmoid region of the chondrocranium and the nasal capsules, which were largely unossified in early tetrapods and ancestral amniotes, are represented in mammals by the ethmoid and turbinates bones, respectively.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: ethmoidal
UBPROP_0000008: todo - homology e.g. mesethmoid of teleost
UBPROP_0000012: Note the WP states the Neurocranium contains the ethmoid bone, both MA and FMA place the ethmoid as part of the viscerocranium. FMA also has it in neurocranium (via basicranium). Ideally we would have non-overlapping divisions of the skull, but for now we follow FMA
has db xref: Ethmoid bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015027
has db xref: Ethmoid Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272674006
has db xref: BTO:0004140
has db xref: EMAPA:19018
has db xref: FMA:52740
has db xref: GAID:212
has db xref: MA:0001483
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.292
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvuUPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0015027
has db xref: VHOG:0001317
has exact synonym: ethmoid
has exact synonym: ethmoidal bone
has exact synonym: os ethmoidale
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001679
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0003462
subclass of: UBERON_0011164
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011241
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006227
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002517

lacrimal bone
definition: the irregularly thin plate that forms part of the medial wall of the orbit behind the frontal process of the maxilla
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 8292
UBPROP_0000003: The infraorbital bone 1 of actinopterygians is homologous with the lacrimal bone (...).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In early lobe-finned fishes and ancestral tetrapods, the lacrimal bone is a relatively large and robust bone, running from the orbit to the nostrils. It forms part of the side of the face, between the nasal bones and the maxilla. In primitive forms, it is often accompanied by a much smaller septomaxilla bone, lying immediately behind the nasal opening, but this is lost in most modern species. The lacrimal bone is often smaller in living vertebrates, and is no longer always directly associated with the nasal opening, although it retains its connection with the orbit. The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species[ISBN 0-03-910284-X]
has broad synonym: lacrimal
has db xref: Lacrimal bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222733
has db xref: Lacrimal Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272675007
has db xref: FMA:52741
has db xref: MA:0001486
has db xref: UMLS:C0222733
has db xref: VHOG:0001149
has exact synonym: lachrymal bone
has exact synonym: lacrymal bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: infraorbital 1
has related synonym: lachrymal bone - infraorbital 1
has related synonym: lacrimal - infraorbital 1
has related synonym: lacrymal bone - infraorbital 1
has related synonym: os lacrimale
id: UBERON:0001680
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003462
subclass of: UBERON_0008001
subclass of: UBERON_0008907
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: orbit of skull
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156

nasal bone
definition: One of two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, 'the bridge' of the nose[WP]. Paired dermal bones, likened to a bone tube, positioned lateral to the supraethmoid. Nasal bones are transversed by the anterior most part of the supraorbital canals and bear one neuromast foramen in zebrafish[ZFA].
UBPROP_0000001: Paired bone of intramembranous origin that roofs the olfactory capsule.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Paired dermal bones, likened to a bone tube, positioned lateral to the supraethmoid. Nasal bones are transversed by the anterior most part of the supraorbital canals and bear one neuromast foramen in zebrafish Cubbage and Mabee, 1996.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: overlaps mesethmoid-nasal joint (TAO:0001677)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: part_of braincase and otic capsule skeleton (AAO:0000052)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000005: Synonym adnasal used in Weitzman 1960, and synonym discussed in Vari 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000008: In primitive bony fish and tetrapods, the nasal bones are the most anterior of a set of four paired bones forming the roof of the skull, being followed in sequence by the frontals, the parietals, and the postparietals. Their form in living species is highly variable, depending on the shape of the head, but they generally form the roof of the snout or beak, running from the nostrils to a position short of the orbits. In most animals, they are generally therefore proportionally larger than in humans or great apes, because of the shortened faces of the latter. Turtles, unusually, lack nasal bones, with the prefrontal bones of the orbit reaching all the way to the nostrils (ISBN 0-03-910284-X)
has db xref: Nasal bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027422
has db xref: Nasal Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181801008
has db xref: AAO:0000312
has db xref: EMAPA:19202
has db xref: FMA:52745
has db xref: GAID:222
has db xref: MA:0001494
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.665
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwGOTZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000365
has db xref: UMLS:C0027422
has db xref: VHOG:0001370
has db xref: ZFA:0000365
has exact synonym: adnasal@fr
has exact synonym: nasal@fr
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nasals
has related synonym: os nasale
id: UBERON:0001681
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002514
subclass of: UBERON_0003462
subclass of: UBERON_0008907
subclass of: UBERON_0010428
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: olfactory apparatus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156

palatine bone
definition: A paired dermal bone situated in the mid-palate[Palaeos].
UBPROP_0000001: Dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral region of the palate and is located ventral to the autopalatine. The dermopalatine is bilaterally paired and usually bears teeth.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000005: Dermopalatine: same as palatine. The prefix is used by fish people because the palatine is a dermal replacement bone for a section of the autopalatine section of the palatoquadrate. In that context, palatine is potentially ambiguous.[Palaeos]
UBPROP_0000005: In ostariophysans, the dermopalatine is absent.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000008: Fusion of dermopalatine+autopalatine.
has db xref: Palatine bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222734
has db xref: Palatine Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244654005
has db xref: FMA:52746
has db xref: MA:0001495
has db xref: TAO:0000015
has db xref: UMLS:C0222734
has exact synonym: palatine
has narrow synonym: dermopalatine
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: os palatinum
has related synonym: palate bone
has related synonym: palatum
id: UBERON:0001682
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003462
subclass of: UBERON_0008001
subclass of: UBERON_0012071
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connected to
  some values from: UBERON_0002397
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012072
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012072
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: ectoderm

jugal bone
definition: the quadrilateral bone that forms the prominence of the cheek
UBPROP_0000001: The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. In mammals, the jugal is often called the malar or Zygomatic. It is connected to the quadratojugal and maxilla, as well as other bones, which may vary by species. This bone is considered key in the determination of general traits of the skull, in the case of creatures, as with dinosaurs in paleontology, whose entire skull has not been found[Wikipedia:Jugal_bone].
UBPROP_0000001: The zygomatic bone is a paired dermal bone which articulates with the maxilla. In humans it also articulates with the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders[WP,modified][Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone].
UBPROP_0000003: (...) and the infraorbital bone 3 of advanced actinopterygians (is homologous) with the jugal bone of sarcopterygians.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In humans it also articulates with the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugal_bone]
UBPROP_0000008: vHOG says is homologous to infraorbital 3.
has db xref: Jugal bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272683001
has db xref: EMAPA:25111
has db xref: FMA:52747
has db xref: GAID:225
has db xref: MA:0001497
has db xref: MFMO:0000146
has db xref: VHOG:0001638
has exact synonym: cheek bone
has exact synonym: malar bone
has exact synonym: orbital bone
has exact synonym: os zygomaticum
has exact synonym: zygomatic bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: jugal
has related synonym: jugal bone
has related synonym: jugale
has related synonym: os zygomaticum
has related synonym: os zygomaticus
has related synonym: zygoma
has related synonym: zygomatic
id: UBERON:0001683
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003462
subclass of: UBERON_0008001
subclass of: UBERON_0008907
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cheek
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: orbit of skull
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156

mandible
definition: A dentary bone that is the only bone in one of the lateral halves of the lower jaw skeleton.
editor note: consider merging with dentary - for now we make it a mammal-specific subclass.
UBPROP_0000007: mandibular
UBPROP_0000012: Note in ZFA 'mandible' is a syn for the ventral mandibular arch, which is a portion of the 1st pharyngeal arch; however the term 'mandibular symphysis' refers to the dentary
UBPROP_0000013: 'mandible' also refers to either the upper OR lower part of the beak in birds
has broad synonym: lower jaw
has broad synonym: lower jaw bone
has db xref: Human mandible
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0024687
has db xref: Mandible
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181812008
has db xref: BTO:0001748
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2225
has db xref: EFO:0001965
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001059
has db xref: EHDAA:8007
has db xref: EMAPA:18290
has db xref: FMA:52748
has db xref: GAID:68
has db xref: MA:0001487
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502.632
has db xref: UMLS:C0024687
has db xref: galen:Mandible
has exact synonym: inferior maxillary bone
has exact synonym: mammaliam mandible
has exact synonym: mandibulla
has narrow synonym: lower mandibula
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mandibula
has related synonym: mandibular series
id: UBERON:0001684
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002514
subclass of: UBERON_0004742
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: jaw skeleton

hyoid bone
definition: A horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. [WP,modified].
UBPROP_0000001: Paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterior margin of the hyoid plate. These processes are the ossified posteromedial processes and invest the laryngeal apparatus.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: part_of hyoid plate (AAO:0000664)[AAO]
UBPROP_0000008: The hyoid bone is derived from the lower half of the second gill arch in fish, which separates the first gill slit from the spiracle. In many animals, it also incorporates elements of other gill arches, and has a correspondingly greater number of cornua. Amphibians and reptiles may have many cornua, while mammals (including humans) have two pairs, and birds only one. In birds, and some reptiles, the body of the hyoid is greatly extended forward, creating a solid bony support for the tongue. The howler monkey Alouatta has a pneumatized hyoid bone, one of the few cases of postcranial pneumatization of bones outside Saurischia.
has db xref: Hyoid bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0020417
has db xref: Hyoid Bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263352000
has db xref: AAO:0000684
has db xref: EMAPA:18650
has db xref: FMA:52749
has db xref: GAID:197
has db xref: MA:0001484
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.409
has db xref: UMLS:C0020417
has db xref: VHOG:0001325
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: hyoid
has related synonym: hyoid bone
has related synonym: hyoideum
has related synonym: lingual bone
has related synonym: os hyoideum
id: UBERON:0001685
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0008001
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010272
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003114
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008895
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003066

auditory ossicle
definition: One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This should probably be restricted to mammals - the AAO/XAO structures may group non-homologous structures [Wikipedia:Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles] see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5.
UBPROP_0000001: The small bones of the middle ear: incus, malleus, and stapes. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Additional structural analysis within a phylogenetic context has led to the remarkable discovery that in synapsids, thought to be ancestral to mammals, both the quadrate and articular have become reduced and less firmly articulated with their surrounding bones, reducing their jaw-joint-bearing role. This trend culminated with the incorporation of the quadrate, the columella (which remains articulated with the quadrate), and the articular into the expanded middle ear in mammals.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000011: Studies have shown that ear bones in mammal embryos are attached to the dentary, which is part of the jaw. These are ossified portions of cartilage -- called Meckel's cartilage -- that are attached to the jaw. As the embryo develops, the cartilage hardens to form bone. Later in development, the bone structure breaks loose from the jaw and migrates to the inner ear area. The structure is known as the middle ear, and is made up of the incus, stapes, malleus, and tympanic membrane. These correspond to the quadrate, prearticular, articular, and angular structures in the reptile jaw. For this reason, researchers believe the similarity of the results shows that mammals and reptiles have a common ancestry.
has broad synonym: ossicle
has db xref: Auditory ossicle
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013450
has db xref: Auditory Ossicle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181184001
has db xref: AAO:0011015
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001183
has db xref: EHDAA:5697
has db xref: EMAPA:17824
has db xref: EV:0100360
has db xref: FMA:52750
has db xref: MA:0000254
has db xref: UMLS:C0013450
has db xref: VHOG:0000461
has db xref: XAO:0000214
has exact synonym: auditory bone
has exact synonym: middle ear ossicle
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: auditory ossicle
has related synonym: ear bone
has related synonym: ear ossicle
has related synonym: ear ossicles
has related synonym: middle ear bone
has related synonym: ossicle of ear
has related synonym: ossicle of inner ear
has related synonym: ossicular chain
id: UBERON:0001686
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003457
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0008001
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008895
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003099
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: middle ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: middle ear

stapes bone
definition: The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the 'oval window' medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body. The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis. The stapes is also stabilized by the stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the facial nerve. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used[WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000003: This structure (the hyomandibular), on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: 'This structure [the hyomandibular], on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes.' Gerrie J, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948) 62:339-357?[VHOG].
UBPROP_0000011: As the stapes first develops embryologically from the 6th to 8th week of life, it surrounds the stapedial artery, which supplies the majority of the vasculature of the embryonic head. After that period, the external carotid artery is generated and takes over for the stapedial artery, which subsequently involutes, leaving the stapes with a windowframe-like structure[WP] The stapes develops at the cranial end of the second branchial arch through an independent anlage of the cartilage of this arch. Between the stapedial anlage and the cranial end of the Reichert's cartilage there is a formation called the interhyale, the internal segment of which gives rise to the tendon of the stapedial muscle. The stapedial anlage is a unique formation with two distinct parts: the superior part that will comprise the base and the inferior part that will be crossed by the stapedial artery during embryonic development and will constitute the limbs and the head of the stapes. According to the results, the otic capsule is not involved in formation of the base of the stapes.
has db xref: Stapes
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038152
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264199009
has db xref: EMAPA:18585
has db xref: FMA:52751
has db xref: GAID:868
has db xref: MA:0001217
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.397.247.806
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5UnkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0038152
has db xref: VHOG:0000688
has exact synonym: stirrup
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: columella
has related synonym: columella auris
has related synonym: columellare
has related synonym: interstapediale
has related synonym: mediostapediale
has related synonym: mesostapediale
has related synonym: os columellare
has related synonym: os intermedium
has related synonym: stapellos
has related synonym: stapes
has related synonym: stelidium
has related synonym: stilus columellare
id: UBERON:0001687
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: auditory ossicle
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0015016
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004368
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010055
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: homologous_to
  some values from: UBERON_3000580
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: evolved from
  some values from: UBERON_0011606
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015016
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

incus bone
definition: The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna. The incus transmits sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The incus only exists in mammals, and is derived from a reptilian upper jaw bone, the quadrate bone. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000003: According to this theory (Reichert-Gaupp theory), the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular (...).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: quadrate - incus
has db xref: Incus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0021181
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/272649008
has db xref: EMAPA:18583
has db xref: FMA:52752
has db xref: GAID:866
has db xref: MA:0001215
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.397.247.362
has db xref: UMLS:C0021181
has db xref: VHOG:0000689
has exact synonym: incus
has exact synonym: incus bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001688
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: auditory ossicle
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0015017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: evolved from
  some values from: UBERON_0006597
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0007374
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015017
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

malleus bone
definition: The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000003: According to this theory (Reichert-Gaupp theory), the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular (...).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: anguloarticular - malleus
has broad synonym: malleus
has db xref: Malleus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0024631
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264090005
has db xref: EMAPA:18584
has db xref: FMA:52753
has db xref: GAID:867
has db xref: MA:0001216
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.397.247.524
has db xref: UMLS:C0024631
has db xref: VHOG:0000690
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Malleus
id: UBERON:0001689
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: auditory ossicle
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0015018
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: evolved from
  some values from: UBERON_0004744
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003107
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010054
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015018
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

ear
definition: Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: The organ of hearing and of equilibrium. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Both vertebrate and invertebrate auditory organs are thought to have evolved from primitive mechanosensors, but the nature of the ancestral structure and the evolutionary trajectories followed in distinct animal lineages remain unknown. In particular, we do not know how many types of mechanosensor existed in the protostome-deuterostome ancestor from which insects and vertebrates evolved or whether the PDA had an auditory organ.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: auricular
has db xref: Ear
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013443
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0521421
has db xref: birnlex 1062
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/1910005
has db xref: AAO:0011014
has db xref: BTO:0000368
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1165
has db xref: EFO:0000826
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000423
has db xref: EHDAA:502
has db xref: EMAPA:16193
has db xref: EV:0100353
has db xref: FMA:52780
has db xref: GAID:62
has db xref: MA:0000236
has db xref: MAT:0000138
has db xref: MESH:A01.456.313
has db xref: MIAA:0000138
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViXS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjL05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0013443
has db xref: UMLS:C0521421
has db xref: VHOG:0000330
has db xref: XAO:0000189
has db xref: galen:Ear
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: auditory apparatus
has related synonym: auris
id: UBERON:0001690
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: sense organ
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002105
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head

external ear
definition: Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: The external part of the organ, which consists of an outer portion (external auditory meatus) which leads to the tympanum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Some species, like Amolops tormotus (Feng et al. 2006), have a cavity in front of the tympanic membrane which is considered to be an ear canal and thus an outer ear. (...) The ancestral lineage of amphibians separated from the mammalian lineage, approximately 350 million years ago, in the paleozoic era. Many of the important developments in the auditory systems emerged after the ancestral paths separated (Manley and Clack 2003). This implies that shared features, like the tympanic middle ear, developed independently in different vertebrate lineages.[uncertain][VHOG]
has broad synonym: auricular region
has db xref: External ear
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013453
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1269548
has db xref: External Ear
has db xref: birnlex 1705
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181176000
has db xref: AAO:0011037
has db xref: BTO:0002100
has db xref: EFO:0004221
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000462
has db xref: EHDAA:3786
has db xref: EMAPA:16991
has db xref: EV:0100354
has db xref: FMA:52781
has db xref: GAID:104
has db xref: MA:0000258
has db xref: MAT:0000147
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.272
has db xref: MIAA:0000147
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwOHtXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0013453
has db xref: UMLS:C1269548
has db xref: VHOG:0000311
has db xref: XAO:0000190
has exact synonym: auricular region of head
has exact synonym: outer ear
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: auris externa
id: UBERON:0001691
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: subdivision of head
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ear

basioccipital bone
definition: One of the bones of the occiput, the part of the skull which articulates with the spine. The basioccipital is located (if present) ventral to the foramen magnum. It often rests on or articulates with the basisphenoid, as well as meeting the exoccipitals. The basioccipital usually forms most (sometimes all) of the occipital condyle(s) and the ventral margin of the foramen magnum.
editor note: TODO - check FMA
UBPROP_0000001: An unpaired medial bone contributing to the ventral margin of the foramen magnum that extends into the floor of the brain cavity. It can contribute to the centromedial portion of the occipital condyle.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Chondral bone that articulates with the exoccipitals dorsally, the prootics anteriorly, the parasphenoid ventrally, and the first free vertebra posteriorly. The basioccipital forms the floor of the foramen magnum. The basioccipital is an unpaired medial bone.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: overlaps basioccipital-exoccipital joint (TAO:0002038)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: overlaps parasphenoid-basioccipital joint (TAO:0001832)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: part_of neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000005: In some teleosts the anterior vertebral centra fuse to the basioccipital forming a monopartite occipital condyle.[TAO]
has db xref: Basilar part of occipital bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/138976007
has db xref: AAO:0000039
has db xref: EMAPA:18705
has db xref: FMA:52858
has db xref: MA:0001462
has db xref: TAO:0000472
has db xref: VHOG:0001152
has db xref: ZFA:0000472
has exact synonym: basi-occipital
has exact synonym: basilar part of occipital bone
has exact synonym: basinial@fr
has exact synonym: basinioste@fr
has exact synonym: basioccipital
has exact synonym: basioccipital bone
has exact synonym: basioccipital@fr
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pars basilaris ossis occipitalis
id: UBERON:0001692
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0011164
subclass of: UBERON_0015048
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006209
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002517
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002241
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015048
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

exoccipital bone
definition: Paired cartilage bone that bears a large foramen (lateral occipital foramen). Contacts the supraoccipital dorsally, the epiotic laterally and the basioccipital ventrally. Forms the posterior hind margin of the cranium and borders the lateral and posterior margins of the forum (foramen) magnum.
editor note: TODO - check FMA - currently we place this as both of a zone of bone organ and an (endochondral) bone. Removed endochondral bone classification for now, violates disjointness axiom
UBPROP_0000001: Endochondral bone that articulates with the epiotic dorsally, the pterotic and intercalar laterally and the basioccipital medio-ventrally. The exoccipitals form the lateral borders of the foramen magnum and houses the foramina for the passage of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, X and IX respectively. The exoccipital is a paired bone.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Endochondral bone that forms the posterior end of the neurocranium and the margin of the foramen magnum. In addition, this bone forms either part of or all or the occipital condyle.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: develops_from occipital arch cartilage (TAO:0001504)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: overlaps basioccipital-exoccipital joint (TAO:0002038)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: overlaps prootic-exoccipital joint (TAO:0002034)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship type change: overlaps neurocranium (TAO:0001580) CHANGED TO: part_of neurocranium (UBERON:0001703)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000005: In some teleosts the exoccipital dorsally contacts the supraoccipital directly or through connective tissue.[TAO]
has db xref: Lateral parts of occipital bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/139279001
has db xref: AAO:0000147
has db xref: EMAPA:18708
has db xref: FMA:52859
has db xref: MA:0001464
has db xref: TAO:0000661
has db xref: VHOG:0001151
has db xref: ZFA:0000661
has exact synonym: exoccipital
has exact synonym: exoccipital@fr
has exact synonym: exoccipitals
has exact synonym: lateral part of occipital bone
has exact synonym: occipital latéral@fr
has exact synonym: pleurinial@fr
has exact synonym: pleurinioste@fr
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pars lateralis
id: UBERON:0001693
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002513
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0011164
subclass of: UBERON_0015051
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002481
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: neurocranium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0009635
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010752
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002241
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0015051
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed_primarily_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002481

petrous part of temporal bone
definition: The petrous portion of the temporal bone or pyramid is pyramidal and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones. Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents for examination a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and contains, in its interior, the essential parts of the organ of hearing. The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull and forms part of the endocranium.[WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: The petrosal bone arises from the two otic bones on the lateral wall of the chondrocranium and encases the inner ear of mammals. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, p.258, see_Liem_KF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: derivative of prootic and opisthotic
has broad synonym: petrosal
has db xref: Petrous part of the temporal bone
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1261761
has db xref: Ciliary Process
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361733004
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001452
has db xref: EMAPA:17683
has db xref: FMA:52871
has db xref: GAID:234
has db xref: MA:0001477
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.885.681
has db xref: UMLS:C1261761
has db xref: VHOG:0001553
has exact synonym: pars petrosa (os temporale)
has exact synonym: pars petrosa ossis temporalis
has exact synonym: petromastoid part of temporal bone
has exact synonym: temporal bone petrous part
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: petrosal bone
has related synonym: petrous bone
id: UBERON:0001694
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005913
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002517
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: temporal bone

squamous part of temporal bone
definition: A bone which is fused with the temporal bone in many mammals and forms part of the cheek region articulating with quadrate and pterygoid in other vertebrates.
editor note: consider separate class for squamosal OR making squamosal the primary label
UBPROP_0000001: Paired, intramembranous bones that lie at the posterolateral margins of the skull. Lateral and dorsal to the quadrate.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The squamosal bone is part of the dermatocranium in early tetrapods and becomes part of the mammalian occipital and temporal bones. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, p.246, see_Liem_KF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: The squamosal bone, which is homologous with the squama, and forms the side of the cranium in many bony fish and tetrapods. Primitively, it is a flattened plate-like bone, but in many animals it is narrower in form, for example, where it forms the boundary between the two temporal fenestrae of diapsid reptiles
has db xref: Squamosal bone
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/138672006
has db xref: AAO:0000574
has db xref: EMAPA:18021
has db xref: FMA:52883
has db xref: MA:0001473
has db xref: VHOG:0001561
has exact synonym: os squamosum
has exact synonym: pars squamosa (os temporale)
has exact synonym: squama temporalis
has exact synonym: squamosal
has exact synonym: squamosal bone
has exact synonym: squamosum
has exact synonym: squamous bone
has exact synonym: temporal bone squamous part
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: squama
has related synonym: squama temporalis
id: UBERON:0001695
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002514
subclass of: UBERON_0003462
subclass of: UBERON_0008907
subclass of: UBERON_0011164
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: temporal bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004339
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010751
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: temporal bone

orbit of skull
definition: Subdivision of skeleton that is an anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye. Includes bones formed and located in sclerotic layer of eyeball.
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical cluster that is a anterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA, this overlaps with bones such as the maxilla and sphenoid; in ZFA, individual bones are part of the orbit
has db xref: Orbit (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0029180
has db xref: Orbit
has db xref: BTO:0004687
has db xref: FMA:53074
has db xref: GAID:223
has db xref: MA:0002482
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.690
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvW8EgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001410
has db xref: UMLS:C0029180
has db xref: XAO:0003171
has db xref: ZFA:0001410
has db xref: galen:Orbit
has exact synonym: bony orbit
has exact synonym: eye socket
has exact synonym: orbit of skull
has exact synonym: orbital region
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: orbit
id: UBERON:0001697
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: UBERON_0010912
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011156
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004088

foramen ovale of skull
definition: one of the larger of the several holes at the base of the skull that transmit nerves through the skull. The foramen ovale is situated in the anterior part of the sphenoid bone, posteriolateral to the foramen rotundum..
UBPROP_0000001: An aperture in the great wing of the sphenoid for vessels and nerves. [TFD][VHOG]
has db xref: Foramen ovale (skull)
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369441001
has db xref: AAO:0000169
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000551
has db xref: EHDAA:10627
has db xref: EMAPA:18711
has db xref: FMA:53155
has db xref: VHOG:0001189
has db xref: galen:ForamenOvaleBasisCranii
has exact synonym: foramen ovale (skull)
has exact synonym: foramen ovale basis cranii
has exact synonym: foramen ovale cranii
has exact synonym: foramen ovale of chondrocranium
has exact synonym: foramen ovale of cranium
has narrow synonym: foramen ovale
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001698
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0013685
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003129
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: sphenoid bone

sensory root of facial nerve
definition: The nervus intermedius, or intermediate nerve, is the part of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). It contains the sensory and parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve. Upon reaching the facial canal, it joins with the motor root of the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Intermediate nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279927001
has db xref: BAMS:iVIIn
has db xref: BAMS:imn
has db xref: DHBA:12864
has db xref: FMA:53410
has db xref: MBA:1131
has db xref: TAO:0000679
has db xref: ZFA:0000679
has exact synonym: Wrisberg's nerve
has exact synonym: intermediate nerve
has exact synonym: nerve of Wrisberg
has exact synonym: nervus intermedius
has exact synonym: pars intermedii of Wrisberg
has exact synonym: sensory component of the VIIth (facial) nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001699
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004674
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003099
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: medulla oblongata

geniculate ganglion
definition: the group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve)
editor note: resolve facial VII vs geniculate (see EHDAA2)
UBPROP_0000003: These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: geniculate
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Geniculate ganglion
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017406
has db xref: Geniculate Ganglion
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279076005
has db xref: BAMS:GgVII
has db xref: EFO:0003669
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000491
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004623
has db xref: EHDAA:5567
has db xref: EHDAA:6644
has db xref: EMAPA:17569
has db xref: FMA:53414
has db xref: GAID:718
has db xref: MA:0001076
has db xref: MESH:A08.340.390.380
has db xref: TAO:0001291
has db xref: UMLS:C0017406
has db xref: VHOG:0000707
has db xref: ZFA:0001291
has exact synonym: facial VII ganglion
has exact synonym: gVII
has exact synonym: ganglion genicularum
has exact synonym: genicular ganglion
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: facial ganglion
has related synonym: ganglion geniculi
has related synonym: ganglion geniculi nervi facialis
has related synonym: geniculate ganglion
has related synonym: internal genu
id: UBERON:0001700
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: sensory ganglion
subclass of: UBERON_0009127
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0009124
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005565
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: facial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010258
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0012175
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: facial nerve

glossopharyngeal ganglion
definition: The group of neuron cell bodies associated with the ninth cranial nerve.
UBPROP_0000003: These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244451008
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000710
has db xref: EHDAA:2838
has db xref: EMAPA:16795
has db xref: FMA:53471
has db xref: MA:0001077
has db xref: TAO:0001301
has db xref: VHOG:0000702
has db xref: ZFA:0001301
has exact synonym: ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve
has exact synonym: ganglion of glosspharyngeal nerve
has exact synonym: glossopharyngeal IX ganglion
has narrow synonym: petrosal ganglion
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: gIX
id: UBERON:0001701
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009127
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0009125
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005491
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: glossopharyngeal nerve
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: glossopharyngeal nerve

eyelash
definition: An eyelash or simply lash is one of the hairs that grow at the edge of the eyelid. Eyelashes protect the eye from debris and perform some of the same function as whiskers do on a cat or a mouse in the sense that they are sensitive to being touched, thus providing a warning that an object is near the eye (which is then closed reflexively). The greek word for eyelash is 'blepharis'. This word is often used as a root in biological terms
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_70742
has db xref: Eyelash
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015422
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244201001
has db xref: FMA:53669
has db xref: GAID:73
has db xref: MA:0002702
has db xref: MESH:A01.456.505.420.504.421
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi41pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0015422
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: blepharis
has related synonym: cilia
has related synonym: cilium
has related synonym: hair of eyelid
id: UBERON:0001702
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: strand of hair
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: attaches_to
  some values from: eyelid

neurocranium
definition: Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof.
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000007: neurocranial
UBPROP_0000010: It includes the following bones: Ethmoid bone, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, Parietal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone. The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton
UBPROP_0000011: The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP].
UBPROP_0000012: It seems MA uses 'neurocranium' as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, ...
has db xref: Neuroranium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361731002
has db xref: AAO:0010153
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000243
has db xref: EMAPA:17681
has db xref: FMA:53672
has db xref: MA:0000317
has db xref: TAO:0001580
has db xref: XAO:0003170
has db xref: ZFA:0001580
has exact synonym: brain box
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: brain case
has related synonym: brain pan
has related synonym: braincase
id: UBERON:0001703
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0011158
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: brain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004761
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003128

obsolete viscerocranium
definition: .
curator notes: this class was made obsolete as it conflated the facial skeleton with the splanchnocranium. The facial skeleton includes: * Inferior nasal concha * Lacrimal bone * Mandible * Maxilla * Nasal bone * Palatine bone * Vomer * Zygomatic bone. The hyoid is sometimes included, and sometimes excluded (FMA includes it) (See also notes for ethmoid bone). The splanchoncranium is the endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches.
consider: UBERON:0008895
consider: UBERON:0011156
has db xref: Facial skeleton
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001704
type: Class
deprecated: true

nail
definition: A horn-like keratin structure covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes[WP].
editor note: TODO - check claw vs nail. A primate's nail consists of the unguis alone; the subunguis has disappeared.
has db xref: Nail (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027342
has db xref: Nail
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/72651009
has db xref: BTO:0001719
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2034
has db xref: EFO:0000956
has db xref: EMAPA:35580
has db xref: EV:0100159
has db xref: FMA:54326
has db xref: GAID:1320
has db xref: MA:0002703
has db xref: MAT:0000158
has db xref: MESH:A17.600
has db xref: MIAA:0000158
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0027342
has db xref: VHOG:0001361
has db xref: XAO:0003103
has db xref: galen:Nail
has narrow synonym: claw
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: talon
id: UBERON:0001705
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009564
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skin epidermis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002097
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0011272

nasal septum
definition: The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils. It is depressed by the Depressor septi nasi muscle. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: We follow AAO in making this part of the nasal skeleton
UBPROP_0000001: A median dividing wall, sagittally directed, which divides the nasal cavity into the right and the left nasal fossae. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Medial vertical wall between nasal capsules.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Medial, vertical plate that separates the nasal capsules.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Whatever the common ancestor of the lamprey and gnathostomes may have looked like, it most likely possessed a neural-crest-derived premandibular ectomesenchyme closely associated with the NHP. Invention of the jaw subsequently required a space for the nasal septum and maxillary process to develop, which might have been provided by subdivision of the NHP into the nasal placode and the hypophysis (diplorhiny, the state of bilaterally separated nasal openings, would also have been a prerequisite for this).[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Nasal septum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027432
has db xref: Nasal Septum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181197004
has db xref: AAO:0000559
has db xref: AAO:0010135
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001234
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004104
has db xref: EHDAA:6809
has db xref: EMAPA:17608
has db xref: FMA:54375
has db xref: GAID:115
has db xref: MA:0000285
has db xref: MESH:A02.165.639
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7e-k5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0027432
has db xref: VHOG:0000017
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: septal cartilage
has related synonym: septum mobile nasi
has related synonym: septum nasi
has related synonym: septum of the nose
id: UBERON:0001706
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003037
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006813
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: olfactory apparatus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0009714
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011241
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: olfactory apparatus

nasal cavity
definition: An anatomical cavity that is part of the olfactory apparatus. This includes the space bounded anteriorly by the nares and posteriorly by the choanae, when these structures are present.
editor note: defne the boundaries of this cavity for a variety of species and check that parthood relations are not too strong.
UBPROP_0000001: Saclike space internal to the nasal capsule lined by respiratory and sensory epithelium and glandular tissue.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face[WP][Wikipedia:Nasal_cavity].
UBPROP_0000003: Despite significant modification to the nasal cavity within Archosauria and its extreme hypertrophy and supraorbital development in Lambeosaurinae, the neural olfactory system and the olfactory region of the nasal cavity proper retain their plesiomorphic positions and associations, suggesting that this system is highly conserved in vertebrate evolution.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: in humans, the cavity includes and starts at the nares and reaches all the way through to the and includes the choanae, the posterior nasal apertures
has db xref: Nasal cavity
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027423
has db xref: Nasal Cavity
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263481003
has db xref: AAO:0000314
has db xref: BTO:0002096
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001226
has db xref: EHDAA:6801
has db xref: EMAPA:17604
has db xref: FMA:54378
has db xref: GAID:350
has db xref: MA:0000284
has db xref: MESH:A04.531.449
has db xref: TAO:0000130
has db xref: UMLS:C0027423
has db xref: VHOG:0000271
has db xref: ZFA:0000130
has exact synonym: cavity of nose
has exact synonym: cavity of olfactory apparatus
has exact synonym: nasal canal
has exact synonym: nasal conduit space
has exact synonym: nasal fossa
has exact synonym: olfactory chamber cavity
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cavitas nasalis
has related synonym: cavitas nasi
has related synonym: cavum nasi
has related synonym: nasal pit
has related synonym: olfactory cavity
has related synonym: olfactory chamber
has related synonym: olfactory pit
id: UBERON:0001707
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002553
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005870
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0015788

jaw skeleton
definition: Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons.
editor note: TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton).
UBPROP_0000001: Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000011: There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983).
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates
has db xref: Jaw
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022359
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181811001
has db xref: AAO:0000988
has db xref: BTO:0001749
has db xref: EMAPA:32905
has db xref: FMA:54396
has db xref: GAID:214
has db xref: MA:0001905
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001227
has db xref: UMLS:C0022359
has db xref: ZFA:0001227
has db xref: galen:Jaw
has exact synonym: jaw
has exact synonym: jaw cartilage
has exact synonym: mandibular arch skeleton
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior splanchnocranium
has related synonym: jaws
has related synonym: mandibular arch
has related synonym: oral jaw skeleton
has related synonym: pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton
has related synonym: visceral arch 1
id: UBERON:0001708
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0010912
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011595
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0008895

upper jaw region
definition: Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm].
UBPROP_0000001: Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA
has db xref: Upper jaw
has db xref: Upper Jaw
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362636001
has db xref: AAO:0000620
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002118
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004607
has db xref: EHDAA:8025
has db xref: EMAPA:17924
has db xref: FMA:59399
has db xref: VHOG:0000454
has exact synonym: maxillary part of mouth
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: dorsal mandibular arch
has related synonym: dorsal pharyngeal arch 1
has related synonym: palatoquadrate arch
has related synonym: upper pharyngeal jaws
id: UBERON:0001709
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head.
subclass of: UBERON_0011595
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has skeleton
  some values from: UBERON_0003277
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004089

lower jaw region
definition: Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm].
UBPROP_0000001: Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA
has db xref: Lower jaw
has db xref: Lower Jaw
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362637005
has db xref: AAO:0000272
has db xref: EFO:0003660
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001018
has db xref: EHDAA:7995
has db xref: EMAPA:17906
has db xref: FMA:59398
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.502.632
has db xref: VHOG:0000453
has exact synonym: mandibular part of mouth
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lower part of mouth
has related synonym: mandibular series
id: UBERON:0001710
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0011595
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has skeleton
  some values from: UBERON_0003278
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005867

eyelid
definition: A fold of skin that covers and protects part of the eyeball. Examples: upper eyelid, lower eyelid, nictitating membrane
UBPROP_0000007: blepharic
UBPROP_0000007: palpebral
UBPROP_0000008: In humans the upper and lower eyelid consists of the following layers, starting anteriorly: (1) skin, (2) a layer of subcutaneous connective tissue, (3) a layer of striated muscle fibres of the orbicularis muscle, (4) a layer of submuscular connective tissue, (5) a fibrous layer, including the tarsal plates, (6) a layer of smooth muscle, (7) the palpebral conjunctiva.
UBPROP_0000012: Consider adding 'eye surface', like MA
UBPROP_0000012: FMA divides this into skin, fascia, conjunctiva
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_75178
has db xref: Eyelid
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0015426
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/265782007
has db xref: BTO:0002241
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000487
has db xref: EHDAA:9037
has db xref: EMAPA:17829
has db xref: EV:0100338
has db xref: FMA:54437
has db xref: GAID:72
has db xref: MA:0000268
has db xref: MESH:A01.456.505.420.504
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4m5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0015426
has db xref: VHOG:0000016
has exact synonym: blepharon
has exact synonym: eye lid
has exact synonym: palpebra
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: blephara
has related synonym: palpebrae
id: UBERON:0001711
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: camera-type eye

upper eyelid
UBPROP_0000003: A tetrapod's eye usually has one or more eyelids that can move across its surface and protect and cleanse it. The eye of lissamphibians has a stationary upper eyelid but a movable and transparent lower one.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0585636
has db xref: Upper Eyelid
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244499008
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002115
has db xref: EHDAA:9047
has db xref: EMAPA:17834
has db xref: FMA:54439
has db xref: MA:0001267
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg4ohJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0585636
has db xref: VHOG:0000389
has exact synonym: palpebra superior
has exact synonym: superior eyelid
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001712
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: eyelid

lower eyelid
UBPROP_0000003: A tetrapod's eye usually has one or more eyelids that can move across its surface and protect and cleanse it. The eye of lissamphibians has a stationary upper eyelid but a movable and transparent lower one.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229258
has db xref: Lower Eyelid
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362528002
has db xref: AAO:0010349
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001015
has db xref: EHDAA:9041
has db xref: EMAPA:17831
has db xref: FMA:54442
has db xref: MA:0001263
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvW6GtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0229258
has db xref: VHOG:0000388
has db xref: XAO:0000007
has exact synonym: inferior eyelid
has exact synonym: palpebra inferior
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001713
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: eyelid

cranial ganglion
definition: the groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves
UBPROP_0000001: Ganglion which is located in the head.[TAO]
has alternative id: UBERON:0003213
has alternative id: UBERON:0026601
has db xref: Cranial nerve ganglion
has db xref: birnlex 2597
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244448001
has db xref: BTO:0000106
has db xref: EFO:0000902
has db xref: EMAPA:16659
has db xref: FMA:54502
has db xref: MA:0000213
has db xref: MA:0000214
has db xref: MAT:0000200
has db xref: MIAA:0000200
has db xref: TAO:0000013
has db xref: VHOG:0000076
has db xref: XAO:0000027
has db xref: ZFA:0000013
has exact synonym: cranial ganglion
has exact synonym: cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system
has exact synonym: cranial ganglion/nerve
has exact synonym: cranial nerve ganglion
has exact synonym: cranial neural ganglion
has exact synonym: cranial neural tree organ ganglion
has exact synonym: ganglion of cranial nerve
has exact synonym: ganglion of cranial neural tree organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cranial ganglia
has related synonym: head ganglion
has related synonym: presumptive cranial ganglia
id: UBERON:0001714
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: ganglion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0034713
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: head
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0034713

oculomotor nuclear complex
definition: Nuclear complex containing subnuclei that give rise to the axons of the occulomotor nerve, both motor and parasympathetic fibers, situated at the midline at the level of the superior colliculus in the midbrain tegmentum (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 533-534).
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III)[XAO:0004389].
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_84019
has broad synonym: 3
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Nucleus of oculomotor nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228686
has db xref: Oculomotor Nucleus
has db xref: birnlex 1240
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362457000
has db xref: BAMS:3
has db xref: BAMS:III
has db xref: BM:MB-III
has db xref: DHBA:12198
has db xref: EFO:0002468
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004211
has db xref: EMAPA:35605
has db xref: EV:0100250
has db xref: FMA:54510
has db xref: HBA:9030
has db xref: MA:0001073
has db xref: MBA:35
has db xref: TAO:0000553
has db xref: UMLS:C0228686
has db xref: VHOG:0001389
has db xref: XAO:0004389
has db xref: ZFA:0000553
has exact synonym: OM
has exact synonym: nucleus nervi oculomotorii
has exact synonym: nucleus of oculomotor nerve
has exact synonym: nucleus of oculomotor nuclear complex
has exact synonym: nucleus of third cranial nerve
has exact synonym: oculomotor III nuclear complex
has exact synonym: oculomotor III nucleus
has exact synonym: oculomotor nucleus
has exact synonym: third cranial nerve nucleus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: motor nucleus III
has related synonym: nIII
has related synonym: nucleus oculomotorius
has related synonym: oculomotor motornucleus
id: UBERON:0001715
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007245
subclass of: UBERON_0019267
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001943

secondary palate
definition: The part of the palate formed from the fusion of the two palatine shelves, extensions of the maxillary prominences.
UBPROP_0000007: palatal
UBPROP_0000008: present in mammals and some reptiles. A similar structure is found in crocodilians, but, in most other tetrapods, the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separate. The secondary palate is formed by bilateral medial extensions of maxillary processes. The extensions (palatine processes) meet at the midline, merging dorsally with nasal septum and rostrally with primary palate. The secondary palate (hard palate) separates nasal and oral cavities. Caudal extension of the secondary palate into the pharynx, forms a soft palate which divides the rostral pharynx into dorsal (nasopharynx) and ventral (oropharynx) chamber.
UBPROP_0000009: separates respiratory and oral passages
has broad synonym: palate
has broad synonym: palatum
has db xref: Secondary palate
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0700374
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1519217
has db xref: Palate
has db xref: Secondary Palate
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181227004
has db xref: BTO:0001779
has db xref: EMAPA:18948
has db xref: FMA:54549
has db xref: GAID:152
has db xref: MA:0002476
has db xref: MESH:A14.521.658
has db xref: UMLS:C0700374
has db xref: UMLS:C1519217
has db xref: galen:Palate
has exact synonym: definitive palate
has exact synonym: oral roof
has exact synonym: palatum definitivum
has exact synonym: palatum secundarium
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: palatum
has related synonym: roof of mouth
id: UBERON:0001716
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0007375
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: upper jaw region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005619
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mouth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: oral cavity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: nasal cavity

spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
definition: Nucleus extending from the upper spinal cord through the pontine tegmentum that receives sensory inputs from the trigeminal nerve. It is continuous caudally with the dorsal gray matter of the spinal cord.
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Spinal trigeminal nucleus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0041000
has db xref: Nucleus of the Spinal Tract of the Trigeminal Nerve
has db xref: nlx_12995
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369033006
has db xref: BAMS:SPV
has db xref: BAMS:Sp5
has db xref: BM:VSp
has db xref: DHBA:12572
has db xref: EMAPA:35885
has db xref: FMA:54565
has db xref: GAID:605
has db xref: HBA:9676
has db xref: MA:0001053
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.931.920
has db xref: UMLS:C0041000
has db xref: VHOG:0001357
has exact synonym: spinal nucleus of cranial nerve v
has exact synonym: spinal trigeminal nucleus
has exact synonym: trigeminal nerve spinal tract nucleus
has exact synonym: trigeminal spinal nucleus
has exact synonym: trigeminal v spinal sensory nucleus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal
has related synonym: nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini
has related synonym: trigeminal spinal sensory nucleus
id: UBERON:0001717
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004132
subclass of: UBERON_0007635
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: medulla oblongata

mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
definition: Elongated nucleus located in the midbrain tegmentum that receives proprioceptive input from both teh extraocular and the masticatory muscles. Contrary to the general rule, the cell bodies that give rise to these sensory fibers are located within the mesencephalic nucleus rather than in a peripheral ganglion. Some of the sensory fibers in the mesencephalic root give off collaterals to the trigeminal motor nucleus, thereby providing the anatomic basis for the monosynaptic jaw reflex. (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed. 1996, page 248).
UBPROP_0000011: develops from NC in some species[UBERONREF:0000002] Not of NC origin[doi:10.1002/dvdy.1197].
UBPROP_0000012: part of midbrain tegmentum in NIF and MA. the neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus are the only centrally located primary sensory neurons in amniotes; all others are extramedullary
has broad synonym: Me5
has broad synonym: mesencephalic nucleus
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228702
has db xref: birnlex 1010
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369032001
has db xref: BAMS:MEV
has db xref: BAMS:Me5
has db xref: BM:Pons-5ME
has db xref: DHBA:12208
has db xref: EMAPA:35881
has db xref: EV:0100252
has db xref: FMA:54568
has db xref: HBA:9205
has db xref: MA:0001057
has db xref: MBA:460
has db xref: TAO:0000312
has db xref: UMLS:C0228702
has db xref: VHOG:0001354
has db xref: ZFA:0000312
has exact synonym: mesencephalic trigeminal V nucleus
has exact synonym: mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
has exact synonym: nucleus of mesencephalic root of v
has exact synonym: trigeminal V mesencephalic nucleus
has exact synonym: trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus
has exact synonym: trigeminal nerve mesencepahlic nucleus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal
has related synonym: mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
has related synonym: midbrain trigeminal nucleus
has related synonym: nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis
has related synonym: nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
has related synonym: nucleus tractus mesencephalici nervi trigemini
has related synonym: nucleus tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
id: UBERON:0001718
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004132
subclass of: UBERON_0007414
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001943

nucleus ambiguus
definition: The nucleus ambiguus (literally 'ambiguous nucleus') is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper medulla. It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract This nucleus gives rise to the efferent motor fibers of the vagus nerve terminating in the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as to the efferent motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) terminating in the stylopharyngeus. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has broad synonym: Amb
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Nucleus ambiguus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0152400
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1281211
has db xref: Nucleus Ambiguus
has db xref: birnlex 2650
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280184006
has db xref: BAMS:AMB
has db xref: BAMS:Amb
has db xref: BM:Me-AMB
has db xref: DHBA:12540
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004305
has db xref: EMAPA:35596
has db xref: EV:0100292
has db xref: FMA:54588
has db xref: HBA:9516
has db xref: MA:0001050
has db xref: MBA:135
has db xref: UMLS:C0152400
has db xref: UMLS:C1281211
has exact synonym: ambiguus nucleus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ambiguous nucleus
has related synonym: nucleus innominatus
id: UBERON:0001719
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007635
subclass of: UBERON_0011775
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: medulla oblongata
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0010126

cochlear nucleus
definition: Any of the nuclei of the cochlear nuclear complex.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Cochlear nucleus
has db xref: Cochlear Nucleus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362463009
has db xref: EMAPA:35248
has db xref: FMA:54603
has db xref: GAID:601
has db xref: MA:0001012
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.135
has db xref: TAO:0002243
has db xref: ZFA:0001638
has exact synonym: cochlear VIII nucleus
has exact synonym: cochlear nucleus of acoustic nerve
has exact synonym: cochlear nucleus of eighth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: nucleus of cochlear nerve
has exact synonym: statoacoustic (VIII) nucleus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: vestibulocochlear nucleus
id: UBERON:0001720
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007635
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0004727
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002298
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002610
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: neural nucleus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002610

inferior vestibular nucleus
definition: The inferior vestibular nucleus is the vestibular nucleus which lies near the fourth ventricle. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Inferior vestibular nucleus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0175498
has db xref: Spinal Vestibular Nucleus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280175006
has db xref: BAMS:IVe
has db xref: BAMS:SPIV
has db xref: BAMS:SPVN
has db xref: BAMS:SpVe
has db xref: BM:Me-VS-VSI
has db xref: BTO:0004369
has db xref: EMAPA:35797
has db xref: EV:0100258
has db xref: FMA:54608
has db xref: HBA:9702
has db xref: MA:0001054
has db xref: MBA:225
has db xref: UMLS:C0175498
has exact synonym: descending vestibular nucleus
has exact synonym: spinal vestibular nucleus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nucleus vestibularis inferior
id: UBERON:0001721
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007228

medial vestibular nucleus
definition: The medial vestibular nucleus is one of the vestibular nuclei. It is located in the medulla oblongata. Lateral vestibulo-spinal tract (lateral vestibular nucleus 'Deiters')- via ventrolateral medulla and spinal cord to ventral funiculus (lumbo-sacral segments). Ipsilaterally for posture Medial vestibulo-spinal tract (medial, lateral, inferior, vestibular nuclei), bilateral projection via descending medial longitudinal fasciculus to cervical segments. DESCENDING MLF. Bilaterally for head/neck/eye movements [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Medial vestibular nucleus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036385
has db xref: Medial Vestibular Nucleus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280174005
has db xref: BAMS:MV
has db xref: BAMS:MVN
has db xref: BAMS:MVe
has db xref: BAMS:VMN
has db xref: BM:Me-VS-VSM
has db xref: BTO:0004371
has db xref: DHBA:12581
has db xref: EMAPA:35554
has db xref: FMA:54611
has db xref: HBA:9700
has db xref: MA:0001048
has db xref: MBA:202
has db xref: PBA:10125
has db xref: UMLS:C0036385
has exact synonym: chief vestibular nucleus
has exact synonym: dorsal vestibular nucleus
has exact synonym: nucleus of schwalbe
has exact synonym: nucleus triangularis
has exact synonym: principal vestibular nucleus
has exact synonym: schwalbe's nucleus
has exact synonym: triangular nucleus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: medial nucleus
has related synonym: nucleus vestibularis medialis
id: UBERON:0001722
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007228

tongue
definition: A muscular organ in the floor of the mouth.
editor note: in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence.
UBPROP_0000001: A mobile mass of muscular tissue that is covered with mucous membrane, occupies much of the cavity of the mouth, forms part of its floor, bears the organ of taste, and assists in chewing and swallowing. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Muscular organ in the floor of the mouth.[FEED]
UBPROP_0000001: The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech[GO][GO:0043586].
UBPROP_0000003: Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: glossal
UBPROP_0000007: lingual
UBPROP_0000008: Many species of fish have small folds at the base of their mouths that might informally be called tongues, but they lack a muscular structure like the true tongues found in most tetrapods
UBPROP_0000011: The tongue has contributions from all pharyngeal arches which changes with time. The tongue initially begins as swelling rostral to foramen cecum, the median tongue bud.. tongue muscles derive from the somites - http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Tongue_Development#Pharyngeal_Arch_Contributions
has db xref: Tongue
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0040408
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181226008
has db xref: AAO:0010360
has db xref: BTO:0001385
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1050
has db xref: EFO:0000833
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002062
has db xref: EHDAA:9144
has db xref: EMAPA:17185
has db xref: EV:0100058
has db xref: FMA:54640
has db xref: GAID:816
has db xref: MA:0000347
has db xref: MAT:0000040
has db xref: MESH:A14.549.885
has db xref: MIAA:0000040
has db xref: TAO:0005333
has db xref: UMLS:C0040408
has db xref: VHOG:0000419
has db xref: XAO:0000446
has db xref: ZFA:0005333
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glossus
id: UBERON:0001723
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: sense organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0013765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mouth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0008814
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: digestive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: oral opening
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0010056
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: gustatory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0006260
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0006757
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0006756

sphenoidal sinus
definition: One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the sphenoid bone and communicating with the highest meatus of the nasal cavity on the same side[MESH]. The sphenoidal sinuses (or sphenoid) contained within the body of the sphenoid vary in size and shape; owing to the lateral displacement of the intervening septum they are rarely symmetrical. The following are their average measurements: vertical height, 2.2 cm. ; transverse breadth, 2 cm. ; antero-posterior depth, 2.2 cm. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Sphenoidal sinus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0037885
has db xref: Sphenoid Sinus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181207000
has db xref: FMA:54683
has db xref: GAID:359
has db xref: MA:0001795
has db xref: MESH:A04.531.621.827
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwEIoz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0037885
has exact synonym: sphenoid sinus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: sinus sphenoidalis
id: UBERON:0001724
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: paranasal sinus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009639
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003129
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009639

cranial synchondrosis
definition: The cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, sphenooccipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosal synchondrosis, petrooccipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/314228003
has db xref: EMAPA:35264
has db xref: FMA:54816
has db xref: MA:0001502
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001725
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002215
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003129
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002215
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0003129

papilla of tongue
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0226964
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1289183
has db xref: Papilla of the Tongue
has db xref: birnlex 4102
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/368728006
has db xref: EMAPA:32777
has db xref: FMA:54819
has db xref: MA:0001593
has db xref: UMLS:C0226964
has db xref: UMLS:C1289183
has exact synonym: lingual papilla
has exact synonym: tongue papilla
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001726
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005020
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0009471

taste bud
definition: A specialized receptor organ that is a collection of cells spanning the gustatory epithelium. Taste buds may be found on the tongue, soft palatte, epiglottis and upper pharynx.
UBPROP_0000001: A chemoreceptive organ.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: One of a number of receptor cell nests located in the epithelium of the papillae of the tongue and in the soft palate, epiglottis, and pharynx that mediate the sense of taste. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Experients in amphibia have shown that an intrinsic feature of the pharyngeal endoderm is its ability to generate taste buds and this capacity must have been acquired by the endoderm at the origin of the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000011: arise by inductive interactions between epithelial cells and invading gustatory cells from chorda tympani (facial), glossophrayngeal and vagues nerves ISBN10:1607950324 (todo - request cell terms from CL)
has db xref: Taste bud
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039337
has db xref: Taste Bud
has db xref: birnlex 4101
has db xref: nifext 14
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362099006
has db xref: AAO:0010573
has db xref: BTO:0000989
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1015
has db xref: EMAPA:35850
has db xref: FMA:54825
has db xref: GAID:815
has db xref: MA:0001591
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.550.700.120.800
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjan5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001074
has db xref: UMLS:C0039337
has db xref: VHOG:0000130
has db xref: XAO:0000445
has db xref: ZFA:0001074
has exact synonym: tastebud
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: caliculus gustatorius
has related synonym: taste buds
has related synonym: taste-bud
has related synonym: tastebuds
id: UBERON:0001727
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: sense organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: gustatory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002926
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0007690
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: gustatory system

nasopharynx
definition: the section of the pharynx that lies above the soft palate
UBPROP_0000001: The uppermost of the three regions of the throat (pharynx), situated behind the nasal cavity and extending from the posterior nares to the level above the soft palate. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: nasopharyngeal
UBPROP_0000008: In humans - in front it communicates through the choanae with the nasal cavities. On its lateral wall is the pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube, somewhat triangular in shape, and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the torus tubarius or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube which elevates the mucous membrane
has db xref: Nasopharynx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027442
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181200003
has db xref: BTO:0000662
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0663
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001239
has db xref: EHDAA:7086
has db xref: EMAPA:17670
has db xref: EV:0100066
has db xref: FMA:54878
has db xref: GAID:339
has db xref: MA:0000443
has db xref: MAT:0000447
has db xref: MESH:A03.867.557
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwUPoDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0027442
has db xref: VHOG:0000375
has exact synonym: nasal part of pharynx
has exact synonym: rhinopharynx
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Nasenrachenraum
has related synonym: epipharynx
has related synonym: pars nasalis pharyngis
id: UBERON:0001728
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: upper respiratory tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: chordate pharynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: chordate pharynx

oropharynx
definition: the portion of the pharynx that lies between the soft palate and the upper edge of the epiglottis
UBPROP_0000001: One of the three anatomic divisions of the pharynx that lies posterior to the mouth and is continuous above with the nasopharynx and below with the laryngopharynx. It extends behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below and contains the palatine and lingual tonsils. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: oropharyngeal
has db xref: Oropharynx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0521367
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263376008
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0718
has db xref: EFO:0001976
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004082
has db xref: EMAPA:25094
has db xref: EV:0100067
has db xref: FMA:54879
has db xref: GAID:340
has db xref: MA:0000351
has db xref: MAT:0000446
has db xref: MESH:A03.867.603
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwACoxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0521367
has db xref: VHOG:0000457
has db xref: VSAO:0000034
has db xref: XAO:0004048
has exact synonym: oral part of pharynx
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mesopharynx
has related synonym: pars oralis pharyngis
id: UBERON:0001729
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: digestive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: chordate pharynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: chordate pharynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005409
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010023

extrinsic ligament of larynx
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279550004
has db xref: FMA:54921
has db xref: MA:0001756
has exact synonym: laryngeal extrinsic ligament
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001730
type: Class
subclass of: ligament of larynx

cavity of pharynx
definition: A anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx.
UBPROP_0000008: See notes for pharynx - as a grouping class this is probably too bad. We exclude WBbt:0005790 (pharyngeal lumen) because of the developmental relationship
UBPROP_0000011: TOODO check
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/180543003
has db xref: AAO:0010435
has db xref: BSA:0000113
has db xref: BTO:0002097
has db xref: EMAPA:18381
has db xref: FMA:54935
has db xref: XAO:0000105
has exact synonym: lumen of pharynx
has exact synonym: pharyngeal cavity
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cavitas pharyngealis
has related synonym: cavitas pharyngis
id: UBERON:0001731
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical space
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: digestive system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006562
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: luminal space of
  some values from: UBERON_0006562
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: foregut
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: anatomical space
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: luminal space of
    some values from: UBERON_0006562

pharyngeal tonsil
definition: the lymph tissue in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx
has db xref: Pharyngeal tonsil
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001428
has db xref: Pharyngeal Tonsil
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181199001
has db xref: BTO:0000777
has db xref: EV:0100054
has db xref: FMA:54970
has db xref: GAID:1288
has db xref: MA:0000774
has db xref: MESH:A15.382.520.604.084
has db xref: UMLS:C0001428
has exact synonym: adenoid
has exact synonym: nasopharyngeal tonsil
has exact synonym: tonsil of luschka
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Rachenmandel
has related synonym: tonsilla pharyngea
id: UBERON:0001732
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002372
subclass of: UBERON_0012330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nasopharynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: tonsillar ring

soft palate
definition: soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth. The soft palate is distinguished from the hard palate at the front of the mouth in that it does not contain bone[WP]. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate[GO].
UBPROP_0000001: A muscular arch-shaped structure [is this an 'anatomical cluster�?] that is composed of the musculus uvuli and parts of tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus and attaches to the hard palate and modulates the connections between the oral cavity and pharynx soft tissue arch .[FEED]
UBPROP_0000007: velar
has db xref: Soft palate
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030219
has db xref: Soft Palate
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245784004
has db xref: EMAPA:18949
has db xref: FMA:55021
has db xref: GAID:1284
has db xref: MA:0002412
has db xref: MAT:0000039
has db xref: MESH:A14.549.617.780
has db xref: MIAA:0000039
has db xref: UMLS:C0030219
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: muscular palate
has related synonym: palatum molle
has related synonym: velum
has related synonym: velum palatinum
id: UBERON:0001733
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: secondary palate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mouth

palatine uvula
definition: Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers.
UBPROP_0000008: In a study of eight mammals a small underdeveloped uvula was found only in baboons
has db xref: Palatine uvula
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042173
has db xref: Uvula
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362082005
has db xref: EFO:0001386
has db xref: FMA:55022
has db xref: GAID:1285
has db xref: MESH:A14.549.617.780.729
has db xref: UMLS:C0042173
has exact synonym: palatine uvula
has exact synonym: uvula
has exact synonym: uvula of palate
has exact synonym: uvula palatina
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: uvula palatina
id: UBERON:0001734
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: seeAlso - bifid uvula and cleft palate
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: soft palate

tonsillar ring
definition: the circular lymphoid tissue formed by the lingual, pharyngeal, and facial tonsils
has db xref: Waldeyer's ring
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0459892
has db xref: Waldeyers Tonsillar Ring
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/56411004
has db xref: FMA:55070
has db xref: MA:0000752
has db xref: UMLS:C0459892
has exact synonym: Waldeyer's ring
has exact synonym: Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
has exact synonym: anulus lymphoideus pharyngis
has exact synonym: oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue
has exact synonym: pharyngeal lymphatic ring
has exact synonym: pharyngeal lymphoid ring
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001735
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0001962
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: chordate pharynx

submandibular gland
definition: Either of the paired compound tubuloalveolar (aka tubuloacinar) major salivary glands composed of both serous and mucous secretory cells and situated beneath the mandible.
UBPROP_0000001: Either of two major salivary glands situated in the neck near the lower edge of each side of the mandible and emptying into the submandibular duct. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The most common oral glands in mammals are the salivary glands. There are usually three primary pairs of salivary glands, named for their approximate positions: mandibular (submandibular or submaxillary), sublingual, and parotid.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, they account for 70% of the salivary volume and weigh about 15 grams. [WP,unvetted]
UBPROP_0000008: in mice, submandibular gland development initiates as a thickening of the oral epithelium; around E12 an initial (single) epithelial bud on a stalk grows into a condensing neural crest-derived mesenchyme; clefts in the epithelium result in 3-5 epithelial buds at E13.5, and branching morphogenesis occurs with continued proliferation, successive rounds of cleft formation, duct elongation, and duct lumen formation, so that by E14 the gland is highly branched (multi-lobed); functional differentiation, with the appearance of proacinar cells and secretory products begins after E15 and continues to birth; acinar differentiation continues postnatally with final differentiation of the granular convoluted tubules at puberty[MGI:anna]
UBPROP_0000011: The submandibular is the first major salivary gland to develop in the embryo, followed by the neighbouring sublingual and then the parotid.[PMID:17336109]
has db xref: Submandibular gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038556
has db xref: Submandibular Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181235001
has db xref: BTO:0001316
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0988
has db xref: EFO:0001387
has db xref: EMAPA:18812
has db xref: EV:0100061
has db xref: FMA:55093
has db xref: GAID:942
has db xref: MA:0001589
has db xref: MESH:A10.336.779.812
has db xref: UMLS:C0038556
has db xref: VHOG:0000364
has exact synonym: submandibular salivary gland
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glandula submandibularis
has related synonym: maxillary gland
has related synonym: submaxillary gland
id: UBERON:0001736
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: lobular, sexually dimorphic in mouse
subclass of: major salivary gland
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006298
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: lower jaw region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: mouth

larynx
definition: Heterogeneous cluster that connects the pharynx to the tracheobronchial tree[FMA].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: An anatomical cluster consisting of the epiglottus, the arytenoid cartilages, the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage and the muscles, membranes, and ligaments connecting them, and also of the mucosal covering these structures.[FEED]
UBPROP_0000001: Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (In anura) a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) (In mammals) Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: laryngeal
has db xref: Larynx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0023078
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181212004
has db xref: AAO:0000268
has db xref: BTO:0001208
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0532
has db xref: EFO:0000838
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004063
has db xref: EMAPA:18333
has db xref: EV:0100039
has db xref: FMA:55097
has db xref: GAID:108
has db xref: MA:0000414
has db xref: MAT:0000187
has db xref: MESH:A04.329
has db xref: MIAA:0000187
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0023078
has db xref: VHOG:0001279
has db xref: XAO:0003081
has db xref: galen:Larynx
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Kehlkopf@ge
id: UBERON:0001737
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: innervated_by
  some values from: UBERON_0003716
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: respiratory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory tract
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0008947

thyroid cartilage
definition: the largest of the laryngeal cartilages
UBPROP_0000001: The largest cartilage of the larynx, having two broad processes that join anteriorly to form the Adam's apple. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: [In anura] a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) [In mammals] Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Thyroid cartilage
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0040126
has db xref: Thyroid Cartilage
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263483000
has db xref: BTO:0003655
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002030
has db xref: EHDAA:9395
has db xref: EMAPA:18698
has db xref: FMA:55099
has db xref: GAID:112
has db xref: MA:0001764
has db xref: MESH:A02.165.507.870
has db xref: UMLS:C0040126
has db xref: VHOG:0001365
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cartilago thyroidea
has related synonym: laryngeal prominence
has related synonym: pomus
has related synonym: pomus adamus
id: UBERON:0001738
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: laryngeal cartilage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010219

laryngeal cartilage
definition: The cartilaginous structures that support the larynx.
UBPROP_0000003: (In anura) a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) (In mammals) Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_64159
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0023050
has db xref: Laryngeal Cartilage
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263482005
has db xref: BTO:0003660
has db xref: EHDAA:8157
has db xref: EMAPA:18697
has db xref: FMA:55108
has db xref: GAID:107
has db xref: MA:0001758
has db xref: MESH:A02.165.507
has db xref: UMLS:C0023050
has db xref: VHOG:0001550
has exact synonym: cartilage of larynx
has exact synonym: cartilagines laryngeales
has exact synonym: larynx cartilage
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001739
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003406
subclass of: UBERON_0011004
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010213
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008895
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: larynx
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007844
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: larynx

arytenoid cartilage
definition: the paired triangular laryngeal cartilages located postlaterally at the level of the thyroid cartilage
UBPROP_0000001: Paired, anteroposteriorly elongated cartilages that are associated with the vocal cords. These cartilages are medially separated and hemispherical, and their concave side faces ventromedially.[AAO]
has db xref: Arytenoid cartilage
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003943
has db xref: Arytenoid Cartilage
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264446005
has db xref: AAO:0000674
has db xref: EMAPA:17977
has db xref: EMAPA:18695
has db xref: FMA:55109
has db xref: GAID:109
has db xref: MA:0001759
has db xref: MESH:A02.165.507.083
has db xref: UMLS:C0003943
has exact synonym: arytenoid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: arytenoids
has related synonym: cartilagines arytenoidea
has related synonym: cartilago arytaenoidea
has related synonym: cartilago arytenoidea
id: UBERON:0001740
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: laryngeal cartilage
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010220
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: larynx

corniculate cartilage
definition: The corniculate cartilages (cartilages of Santorini) are two small conical nodules consisting of yellow elastic cartilage, which articulate with the summits of the arytenoid cartilages and serve to prolong them posteriorly and medially. They are situated in the posterior parts of the aryepiglottic folds of mucous membrane, and are sometimes fused with the arytenoid cartilages. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Corniculate cartilages
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225556
has db xref: Corniculate Cartilage
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278989005
has db xref: FMA:55110
has db xref: MA:0001885
has db xref: UMLS:C0225556
has exact synonym: Santorini's cartilage
has exact synonym: cartilage of Santorini
has exact synonym: cartilagines corniculata
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001741
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0001996
subclass of: UBERON_0003583
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: larynx
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0008895
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003117

epiglottic cartilage
definition: The most superior of the laryngeal cartilages, which is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing.
UBPROP_0000012: laryngeal cartilage in MP
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458526
has db xref: Epiglottic Cartilage
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278990001
has db xref: FMA:55112
has db xref: MA:0001763
has db xref: UMLS:C0458526
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001742
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: laryngeal cartilage
subclass of: UBERON_0013765
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001996
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: epiglottis
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: laryngeal cartilage
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: epiglottis

ligament of larynx
definition: A ligament that is part of a larynx and connexts the cartilages of the larynx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458519
has db xref: Laryngeal Ligament
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279508004
has db xref: FMA:55131
has db xref: MA:0001755
has db xref: UMLS:C0458519
has exact synonym: laryngeal ligament
has exact synonym: larynx ligament
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001743
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0008845
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: larynx
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ligament
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: larynx

lymphoid tissue
definition: Portion of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes[WP].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 7776
has db xref: Lymphoid tissue
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0024296
has db xref: Lymphoid Tissue
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181768009
has db xref: BTO:0000753
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0584
has db xref: FMA:55220
has db xref: GAID:342
has db xref: MA:0002436
has db xref: MESH:A10.549
has db xref: UMLS:C0024296
has db xref: galen:LymphoidTissue
has exact synonym: lymphatic tissue
has exact synonym: lymphocytic tissue
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001744
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002193
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002465

secondary nodular lymphoid tissue
definition: A lymphoid follicle that contains a germinal center.
has db xref: FMA:55224
has db xref: GAID:946
has exact synonym: peripheral lymphoid tissue
has exact synonym: secondary lymphoid nodule
has exact synonym: secondary lymphoid tissue
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001745
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: lymphoid follicle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0010754
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0010422
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lymphoid follicle
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: UBERON_0010754

capsule of thyroid gland
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229575
has db xref: Thyroid Gland Capsule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/176859009
has db xref: FMA:55513
has db xref: MA:0002675
has db xref: UMLS:C0229575
has exact synonym: fibrous capsule of thyroid gland
has exact synonym: thyroid capsule
has exact synonym: thyroid gland capsule
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001746
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003893
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002046
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003893
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002046

parenchyma of thyroid gland
definition: A parenchyma that is part of a thyroid follicle [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/371402001
has db xref: BTO:0004579
has db xref: FMA:55515
has db xref: MA:0000730
has exact synonym: parenchyma of thyroid
has exact synonym: parenchyma of thyroid follicle
has exact synonym: parenchyma of thyroid gland follicle
has exact synonym: thyroid follicle parenchyma
has exact synonym: thyroid gland follicle parenchyma
has exact synonym: thyroid gland parenchyma
has exact synonym: thyroid parenchyma
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: parenchyma glandulae thyroideae
id: UBERON:0001747
type: Class
subclass of: parenchyma
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002046
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: parenchyma
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002046

capsule of parathyroid gland
definition: A capsule that surrounds a parathyroid gland.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0927176
has db xref: Parathyroid Gland Capsule
has db xref: EMAPA:35663
has db xref: FMA:55566
has db xref: MA:0002676
has db xref: UMLS:C0927176
has exact synonym: parathyroid gland capsule
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001748
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003893
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: parathyroid gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bounding layer of
  some values from: parathyroid gland
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003893
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bounding layer of
    some values from: parathyroid gland

parenchyma of parathyroid gland
definition: A parenchyma that is part of a parathyroid gland [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: EMAPA:35664
has db xref: FMA:55569
has db xref: MA:0002677
has exact synonym: parathyroid gland parenchyma
has exact synonym: parathyroid parenchyma
has exact synonym: parenchyma of parathyroid
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001749
type: Class
subclass of: parenchyma
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: parathyroid gland
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: parenchyma
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: parathyroid gland

lacrimal apparatus
definition: A network of orbital structures of the eye that secrete and drain tears from the surface of the eyeball into the nasal cavity; these parts include the lacrimal glands, lacrimal lake, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canals, lacrimal sacs, nasolacrimal ducts, and lacrimal puncta.
editor note: TODO - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal
UBPROP_0000012: this is an eye appendage in ncit, along with eyelid and eyebrow. in MA, part of eye surface part_of eye
has db xref: Lacrimal apparatus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022903
has db xref: Lacrimal Apparatus
has db xref: EMAPA:35462
has db xref: FMA:55605
has db xref: GAID:901
has db xref: MA:0000274
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.463
has db xref: UMLS:C0022903
has exact synonym: apparatus lacrimalis
has exact synonym: lacrymal system
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lacrimal drainage system
has related synonym: nasolacrimal drainage system
id: UBERON:0001750
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: external ectoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010409

dentine
definition: Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.
UBPROP_0000001: Mineralized collagen containing substance that forms the tooth structure.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Dentine is a bona fide vertebrate novelty, and dentine-secreting odontoblasts represent a cell type that is exclusively derived from the neural crest.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: dentinal
has db xref: Dentin
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0011429
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362112004
has db xref: BTO:0003453
has db xref: EMAPA:35281
has db xref: FMA:55628
has db xref: GAID:1272
has db xref: MA:0002542
has db xref: MESH:A14.254.900.280
has db xref: TAO:0005143
has db xref: UMLS:C0011429
has db xref: VHOG:0001589
has db xref: VSAO:0000069
has db xref: XAO:0004051
has db xref: ZFA:0005143
has exact synonym: dentin
has exact synonym: dentine of tooth
has narrow synonym: predentin
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001751
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Dentine is found in the fossil record as early as the late Cambrian, in fish, where it may have had a role in electrochemical sensing of the environment as well as assisting in defense[WP]. Editors note: note the asserted dual is_a parentage, as dentine is both skeletal tissue and a substance
subclass of: UBERON_0010365
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0011587

enamel
definition: A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP].
editor note: current classification under substance of tooth may be turned into taxon GCI (e.g. sharks have enamel in dermal denticles)
UBPROP_0000001: Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000012: part_of tooth enamel organ in MA
has db xref: Enamel organ
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0011350
has db xref: Enamel
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362113009
has db xref: BTO:0001844
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1057
has db xref: EMAPA:35303
has db xref: FMA:55629
has db xref: MA:0002543
has db xref: MESH:A14.254.900.255
has db xref: UMLS:C0011350
has db xref: VSAO:0000065
has db xref: XAO:0004198
has exact synonym: enamel of tooth
has exact synonym: enamel tissue
has exact synonym: tooth enamel
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: enameloid
id: UBERON:0001752
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010365
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0011588

cementum
definition: Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.
UBPROP_0000001: Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Substance of tooth produced by cementoblasts; surrounds the dentine of the root of the tooth[FMA:55630].
UBPROP_0000008: Cementum, the supporting tissue that anchors mammalian and crocodylian teeth into their sockets, differs among species and can have features of dentine, of bone, and of calcified cartilage, as well as unique features. Cementum is deposited by cementoblasts onto existing dentine. As in bone and dentine, cementoblasts produce an organic matrix, the main constituent of which is collagen type I (Bosshardt, 2005), but cementum, dentine, and bone also share a number of important noncollagenous matrix components such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, a2-HS- glycoprotein, dentine matrix protein, dentine sialoprotein, and den- tine phosphoprotein (McKee et al., 1996; Bosshardt, 2005). it has been argued that in all rodents and ruminants, cementum is a form of calcified cartilage[H&W]
has db xref: Cementum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0011343
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362114003
has db xref: BTO:0002525
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2163
has db xref: EMAPA:35203
has db xref: FMA:55630
has db xref: MA:0002541
has db xref: MESH:A14.254.646.267
has db xref: UMLS:C0011343
has db xref: VSAO:0000062
has db xref: XAO:0004196
has exact synonym: cement
has exact synonym: cement of tooth
has exact synonym: cementum
has exact synonym: cementum of tooth
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bone of attachment
id: UBERON:0001753
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010365
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0008969

dental pulp
definition: The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP].
UBPROP_0000001: Material in the center of the dentine of the mature tooth. In secondary teeth the pulp contains blood vessels and odontoblast.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The oral cavity of vertebrates is generally thought to arise as an ectodermal invagination. Consistent with this, oral teeth are proposed to arise exclusively from ectoderm, contributing to tooth enamel epithelium, and from neural crest derived mesenchyme, contributing to dentin and pulp (reference 1); Teeth and tooth-like structures, together named odontodes, are repeated organs thought to share a common evolutionary origin. These structures can be found in gnathostomes at different locations along the body: oral teeth in the jaws, teeth and denticles in the oral-pharyngeal cavity, and dermal denticles on elasmobranch skin (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG]
has db xref: Dental pulp
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0011399
has db xref: Dental Pulp
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362110007
has db xref: BTO:0000339
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0195
has db xref: EMAPA:35274
has db xref: FMA:55631
has db xref: GAID:1270
has db xref: MA:0001599
has db xref: MESH:A14.254.900.260
has db xref: TAO:0005141
has db xref: UMLS:C0011399
has db xref: VHOG:0001469
has db xref: ZFA:0005141
has exact synonym: pulp of tooth
has exact synonym: tooth pulp
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: dental pulp cell
id: UBERON:0001754
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: UBERON_0011825
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: calcareous tooth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: odontogenic papilla

distal part of styloid process of temporal bone
definition: A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal[biology-online]. The interhyal is a small rod-like element that connects the ventral and dorsal parts of the hyoid arch. It articulates laterally with the posterior end of the epihyal and medially at the cartilaginous junction between the hyomandibula and the symplectic. It remains cartilaginous in adult zebrafish and other cypriniforms[ZFA].
editor note: TODO - check
has broad synonym: stylohyal
has db xref: FMA:56472
has exact synonym: distal part of styloid process
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001755
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0005913
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003960

middle ear
definition: The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window)[GO].
UBPROP_0000001: The intermediate portion of the ear which consists of a small air-filled and membrane-lined chamber. It is lodged in the temporal bone and continues with the nasopharynx through the Eustachian tube. It is separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane and from the inner ear by the fenestrae. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The tympanic cavity and auditory tube of an amniote develop from the first embryonic pharyngeal pouch, so they are homologous to the first gill pouch, or spiracle, of a fish. We are uncertain whether this homology strictly applies to the middle ear cavity and auditory tube of lissamphibians, which show certain peculiarities in their development.[uncertain][VHOG]
has db xref: Middle ear
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013455
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1268972
has db xref: Middle Ear
has db xref: birnlex 1695
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181185000
has db xref: AAO:0011065
has db xref: BTO:0002099
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2233
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001181
has db xref: EHDAA:5693
has db xref: EMAPA:17000
has db xref: EV:0100357
has db xref: FMA:56513
has db xref: GAID:165
has db xref: MA:0000253
has db xref: MAT:0000146
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.397
has db xref: MIAA:0000146
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbw1j5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0013455
has db xref: UMLS:C1268972
has db xref: VHOG:0000312
has db xref: XAO:0000191
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: auris media
id: UBERON:0001756
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: ear

pinna
definition: Visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head. The purpose of the pinna is to collect sound. It does so by acting as a funnel, amplifying the sound and directing it to the ear canal. While reflecting from the pinna, sound also goes through a filtering process which adds directional information to the sound (see sound localization, head-related transfer function, pinna notch). The filtering effect of the human pinna preferentially selects sounds in the frequency range of human speech. In various species, the pinna can also signal mood and radiate heat.
UBPROP_0000001: The external expanded part of the ear characterized by a funnel-shaped structure through which the sound vibrations are received. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Mammals have a third type of tympanic ear. An external flap, the auricle or pinna, helps funnel sound waves down the external acoustic meatus to the tympanic membrane.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Pinna (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0928075
has db xref: Auricle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/421159007
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001467
has db xref: EMAPA:17589
has db xref: EMAPA:35157
has db xref: EV:0100355
has db xref: FMA:56580
has db xref: MA:0000259
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvs_VC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0928075
has db xref: VHOG:0000460
has db xref: galen:Auricle
has exact synonym: auricle
has exact synonym: auricle of ear
has exact synonym: auricle of external ear
has exact synonym: auricula
has exact synonym: auricula (auris externa)
has exact synonym: pinna of ear
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pinnae
id: UBERON:0001757
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: subdivision of head
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: external ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006208

periodontium
definition: The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone[BTO].
UBPROP_0000012: FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same
has db xref: Periodontium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0031093
has db xref: BTO:0001021
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2380
has db xref: FMA:56665
has db xref: GAID:216
has db xref: MESH:A14.254.646
has db xref: UMLS:C0031093
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: paradentium
has related synonym: periodontal ligament
has related synonym: periodontal membrane
has related synonym: tooth supporting structure
id: UBERON:0001758
type: Class
subclass of: tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: calcareous tooth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003672

vagus nerve
definition: Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart).
UBPROP_0000001: Nerve consisting of branchiomotor and visceral efferent fibers which branch and innervate the smooth muscles and glands of the heart, lungs, esophagus, and stomach as well as some throat muscles. Sensory fibers supply mucosa of the mouth and pharynx.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: 10n
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Vagus nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042276
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1305910
has db xref: Vagus Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 801
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362466001
has db xref: AAO:0010475
has db xref: BAMS:10n
has db xref: BAMS:Xn
has db xref: BTO:0003472
has db xref: EFO:0002549
has db xref: FMA:5731
has db xref: GAID:721
has db xref: HBA:9337
has db xref: MA:0001106
has db xref: MBA:917
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.050.050.925
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rviHk2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000453
has db xref: UMLS:C0042276
has db xref: UMLS:C1305910
has db xref: VHOG:0000737
has db xref: XAO:0003097
has db xref: ZFA:0000453
has db xref: galen:VagusNerve
has exact synonym: Vagus nerve [X]
has exact synonym: nervus vagus [x]
has exact synonym: tenth cranial nerve
has exact synonym: vagus
has exact synonym: vagus X nerve
has exact synonym: vagus nerve tree
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: CN-X
has related synonym: cranial nerve X
has related synonym: nerve X
has related synonym: nervus vagus
has related synonym: pneuomgastric nerve
has related synonym: vagal nerve
has related synonym: vagus nerve or its root
id: UBERON:0001759
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0011775
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0002075
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: gustatory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0005239
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: cranial nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0011775

frontal sinus
definition: The frontal sinus occupies the dorsal part of the skull medial to the orbit. It overlaps cranial and nasal cavities and is often referred to as the conchofrontal sinus. .
UBPROP_0000008: A unique feature in the horse is that the frontal sinus communicates with the caudal maxillary sinus via the frontomaxillary opening
has db xref: Frontal sinus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0016734
has db xref: Frontal Sinus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181205008
has db xref: FMA:57417
has db xref: GAID:357
has db xref: MA:0001793
has db xref: MESH:A04.531.621.387
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvqMUR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0016734
has exact synonym: cavity of frontal bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: sinus frontales
id: UBERON:0001760
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: paranasal sinus

future foramen cecum
definition: A thickened and indented region in the midline in the floor of the rostral part of the pharyngeal region of the foregut, located between the second and third branchial arches that is the first indication of the thyroid primordium. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.132]
has broad synonym: foramen caecum
has broad synonym: foramen cecum
has broad synonym: future foramen caecum
has broad synonym: future foramen cecum of tongue
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000550
has db xref: EHDAA:2150
has db xref: EHDAA:2977
has db xref: EMAPA:17069
has db xref: VHOG:0000826
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001761
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0016566
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005665
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003091

nasal concha
definition: the small curved bones that extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal passage
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, the turbinates divide the nasal airway into three groove-like air passages –and are responsible for forcing inhaled air to flow in a steady, regular pattern around the largest possible surface of cilia and climate controlling tissue.
UBPROP_0000008: Turbinals are only ossified in birds and derived synapsids.
UBPROP_0000012: FMA considers nasal concha and nasal concha of ethmoid bone to be synonymous. We disambiguate these here
has db xref: Nasal concha
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1266928
has db xref: Nasal Turbinate
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361931007
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004101
has db xref: EMAPA:25093
has db xref: GAID:224
has db xref: MA:0000286
has db xref: MESH:A02.835.232.781.324.948
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv07bVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C1266928
has exact synonym: nasal turbinate
has exact synonym: turbinal
has exact synonym: turbinate
has exact synonym: turbinate bone
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: concha
has related synonym: conchae nasales
id: UBERON:0001762
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0005913
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011241
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: nasal cavity

odontogenic papilla
definition: Tissue of the developing tooth. It is composed of pre-odontoblast and undiffentiated mesnchyme cells and connects to the basal lamina[ZFA]. The dental papilla is a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called odontoblasts, seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies below a cellular aggregation known as the enamel organ. The dental papilla appears after 8-10 weeks intra uteral life. The dental papilla gives rise to the dentin and pulp of a tooth. The enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental follicle together forms one unit, called the tooth germ. This is of importance because all the tissues of a tooth and its supporting structures form from these distinct cellular aggregations.
UBPROP_0000001: Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium.[VSAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Tissue of the developing tooth. It is composed of pre-odontoblast and undiffentiated mesnchyme cells and connects to the basal lamina.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Teeth and tooth-like structures, together named odontodes, are repeated organs thought to share a common evolutionary origin. These structures can be found in gnathostomes at different locations along the body: oral teeth in the jaws, teeth and denticles in the oral-pharyngeal cavity, and dermal denticles on elasmobranch skin.[uncertain][VHOG]
has db xref: Dental papilla
has db xref: BTO:0001839
has db xref: EMAPA:32892
has db xref: FMA:57662
has db xref: GAID:1277
has db xref: MA:0001598
has db xref: MESH:A14.254.900.720.250
has db xref: TAO:0005140
has db xref: VHOG:0001465
has db xref: VSAO:0000025
has db xref: XAO:0004045
has db xref: ZFA:0005140
has exact synonym: odontogenic condensation
has narrow synonym: pharyngeal tooth mesenchyme
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: dental papilla
has related synonym: dentinal papilla
has related synonym: dermal papilla
has related synonym: papilla dentis
has related synonym: tooth mesenchyme
id: UBERON:0001763
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003856
subclass of: UBERON_0005856
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005176
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003856

maxillary sinus
definition: One of the paired paranasal sinuses, located in the body of the maxilla, communicating with the middle meatus of the nasal cavity.
has db xref: Maxillary sinus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0024957
has db xref: Maxillary Sinus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181204007
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2231
has db xref: FMA:57715
has db xref: GAID:358
has db xref: MA:0001794
has db xref: MESH:A04.531.621.578
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvp2ZWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0024957
has exact synonym: antrum of Highmore
has exact synonym: sinus maxilliaris
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: highmore antrum
has related synonym: maxillary antrum
id: UBERON:0001764
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: paranasal sinus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002397

mammary duct
definition: Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO].
has db xref: Lactiferous duct
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222613
has db xref: Lactiferous Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361719004
has db xref: BTO:0002845
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2385
has db xref: EMAPA:35538
has db xref: FMA:58006
has db xref: MA:0000791
has db xref: UMLS:C0222613
has exact synonym: lactiferous duct
has exact synonym: lactiferous gland duct
has exact synonym: mammary gland duct
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus lactiferi
has related synonym: galactophorous duct
has related synonym: galactophorous tubule
has related synonym: lactiferous tubule
has related synonym: mammilary duct
id: UBERON:0001765
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: This structure regresses in most males
subclass of: duct
subclass of: UBERON_0003244
subclass of: UBERON_0003914
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: UBERON_0001913
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001911
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0001911
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: UBERON_0002030
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: duct
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0001911

anterior chamber of eyeball
definition: the space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens
UBPROP_0000001: The part of the eyeball between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: space in EHDAA2 - consider adding Cavity of anterior chamber of eyeball
has db xref: Anterior chamber of eyeball
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003151
has db xref: Anterior Chamber of the Eye
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181160009
has db xref: BTO:0002084
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000129
has db xref: EHDAA:9033
has db xref: EMAPA:18231
has db xref: FMA:58078
has db xref: GAID:889
has db xref: MA:0000262
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.060.067
has db xref: UMLS:C0003151
has db xref: VHOG:0001431
has exact synonym: anterior chamber
has exact synonym: anterior chamber of eye
has exact synonym: camera anterior
has exact synonym: eye anterior chamber
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: camera anterior bulbi
has related synonym: camera anterior bulbi oculi
has related synonym: camera oculi anterior
id: UBERON:0001766
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006311
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anterior segment of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: anterior segment of eyeball

posterior chamber of eyeball
definition: the ring-like space, filled with aqueous humor, between the iris/pupil anteriorly and the lens and ciliary body posteriorly
has db xref: Posterior chamber of eyeball
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229094
has db xref: Posterior Chamber of the Eye
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362504004
has db xref: BTO:0002086
has db xref: FMA:58080
has db xref: MA:0002460
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvnYe8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0229094
has exact synonym: camera posterior
has exact synonym: eye posterior chamber
has exact synonym: posterior chamber of eye
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: c. posterior bulbi
has related synonym: camera oculi posterior
has related synonym: camera posterior bulbi
id: UBERON:0001767
type: Class
comment: The posterior chamber should not be confused with vitreous chamber.
subclass of: UBERON_0006311
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anterior segment of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: anterior segment of eyeball

uvea
definition: the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited].
editor note: TODO - check child terms, isa vs partof. See also MA:0001284 ! tunica vasculosa plexus
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 7955
UBPROP_0000007: uveal
has db xref: Uvea
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042160
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280648000
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2228
has db xref: EMAPA:35901
has db xref: FMA:58103
has db xref: GAID:912
has db xref: MA:0002480
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.894
has db xref: UMLS:C0042160
has exact synonym: tunica vasculosa of eyeball
has exact synonym: uvea
has exact synonym: uveal tract
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: pars iridica retinae
has related synonym: tunica vasculatis oculi
has related synonym: tunica vasculosa bulbi
has related synonym: vascular layer of eyeball
id: UBERON:0001768
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002203
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anterior segment of eyeball

iris
definition: the adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye
UBPROP_0000001: The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: iridial
UBPROP_0000008: The avian iris and ciliary body undergoes a transition from smooth-to-striated muscle during embryonic development [doi:dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9019]
has db xref: Iris (anatomy)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022077
has db xref: Iris
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181164000
has db xref: AAO:0010347
has db xref: BTO:0000653
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0491
has db xref: EFO:0004245
has db xref: EMAPA:19154
has db xref: EV:0100345
has db xref: FMA:58235
has db xref: GAID:917
has db xref: MA:0000273
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.894.513
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001238
has db xref: UMLS:C0022077
has db xref: VHOG:0000101
has db xref: XAO:0000185
has db xref: ZFA:0001238
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior uvea
has related synonym: irides
has related synonym: irises
id: UBERON:0001769
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0004128
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0011892
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011892

lacrimal canaliculus
definition: The lacrimal canaliculi, also known as the lacrimal canals or lacrimal ducts, are the small channels in each eyelid that commence at minute orifices, termed puncta lacrimalia, on the summits of the papillae lacrimales, seen on the margins of the lids at the lateral extremity of the lacus lacrimalis. The superior duct, the smaller and shorter of the two, at first ascends, and then bends at an acute angle, and passes medialward and downward to the lacrimal sac. The inferior duct at first descends, and then runs almost horizontally to the lacrimal sac. At the angles they are dilated into ampullæ. Microscopically, they are lined by nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium surrounded by fibrous tissue. Outside the latter is a layer of striped muscle, continuous with the lacrimal part of the Orbicularis oculi; at the base of each lacrimal papilla the muscular fibers are circularly arranged and form a kind of sphincter. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: TODO - resolve lacrimal canaliculus vs larcimal duct
has db xref: Lacrimal canaliculi
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0459631
has db xref: Lacrimal Canaliculus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263348000
has db xref: FMA:58245
has db xref: MA:0001294
has db xref: UMLS:C0459631
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: canaliculus lacrimalis
id: UBERON:0001770
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lacrimal drainage system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0010284
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: lacrimal sac

pupil
definition: the central circular aperture of the iris through which light rays enter the eye
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: The circular orifice in the centre of the iris, through which light enters into the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Pupil
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0034121
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/35146001
has db xref: AAO:0010351
has db xref: FMA:58252
has db xref: GAID:918
has db xref: MA:0001292
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.894.513.780
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001283
has db xref: UMLS:C0034121
has db xref: VHOG:0000116
has db xref: XAO:0000283
has db xref: ZFA:0001283
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001771
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical space
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: iris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: iris

corneal epithelium
definition: the smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000008: In Humans: It consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar; then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, the majority of which are prickle cells similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei
UBPROP_0000008: In zebrafish: nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman’s membrane in mammals
has db xref: Corneal epithelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0459875
has db xref: Corneal Epithelium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/15775008
has db xref: BTO:0000287
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0173
has db xref: EFO:0001917
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000319
has db xref: EMAPA:17162
has db xref: FMA:58263
has db xref: GAID:895
has db xref: MA:0001243
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.060.217.325
has db xref: TAO:0002187
has db xref: UMLS:C0459875
has db xref: ZFA:0001683
has exact synonym: anterior corneal epithelium
has exact synonym: cornea epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: cornea epithelium
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of cornea
has exact synonym: epithelium anterius (cornea)
has exact synonym: epithelium anterius corneae
has exact synonym: epithelium corneæ anterior layer
has exact synonym: epithelium of cornea
has exact synonym: external epithelium of cornea
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior endothelium of cornea
has related synonym: e. anterius corneae
has related synonym: endothelium anterius corneae
has related synonym: endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi
has related synonym: endothelium corneale
has related synonym: epithelium posterius corneae
id: UBERON:0001772
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: UBERON_0015808
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: external ectoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: cornea
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cornea
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: cornea

sclera
definition: Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP].
UBPROP_0000001: The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Sclera].
UBPROP_0000001: The tough, usually white, outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuous anteriorly with the cornea. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: scleral
UBPROP_0000008: in fish, reptiles and monotremes the connective tissue of the sclera is skeletal
UBPROP_0000010: continuous with the dura mater and the cornea; The sclera forms the posterior five-sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe.
UBPROP_0000011: Majority derives from NC that surrounds optic cup of neurectoderm; a small temporal portion develops from the mesoderm that contributes to striated extra-ocular muscles and vascular endothelia[Rada&Johnson].
UBPROP_0000011: Seko et al demonstrate chondrogenic potential and identify this as connective tissue[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003709].
has db xref: Sclera
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036410
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181163006
has db xref: AAO:0010354
has db xref: BTO:0001606
has db xref: EMAPA:19027
has db xref: EV:0100342
has db xref: FMA:58269
has db xref: GAID:911
has db xref: MA:0000280
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.784
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7yR55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0036410
has db xref: VHOG:0001274
has db xref: XAO:0000183
has db xref: ZFA:0005563
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: scleral capsule
id: UBERON:0001773
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis.
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0007213
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0012430
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003314

skeletal muscle of trunk
definition: A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region.
editor note: Note that this class excludes smooth muscle elements in the trunk region, such as the internal anal sphincter. This appears to be consistent with other ontologies such as FMA and ZFA which appear to only include skeletal muscles here. In fact the MA class 'trunk muscle' is classified as a 'set of skeletal muscles'.
UBPROP_0000012: Many ontologies do not appear to have a coherent distinction between an individual muscle and the musculature (i.e. the set of muscles in a region), so we group all together here.
has db xref: AAO:0000611
has db xref: EMAPA:35888
has db xref: FMA:58274
has db xref: MA:0000514
has db xref: TAO:0000473
has db xref: XAO:0003230
has db xref: ZFA:0000473
has exact synonym: body musculature
has exact synonym: muscle of trunk
has exact synonym: muscle organ of torso
has exact synonym: muscle organ of trunk
has exact synonym: torso muscle organ
has exact synonym: trunk muscle
has exact synonym: trunk muscle organ
has exact synonym: trunk musculature
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001774
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005177
subclass of: UBERON_0014892
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004479
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002100
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0014892
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002100

ciliary body
definition: the thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes
UBPROP_0000003: The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Ciliary body
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0008779
has db xref: Ciliary Body
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263340007
has db xref: AAO:0010341
has db xref: BTO:0000260
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0694
has db xref: EMAPA:19065
has db xref: EV:0100346
has db xref: FMA:58295
has db xref: GAID:916
has db xref: MA:0000264
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.894.280
has db xref: UMLS:C0008779
has db xref: VHOG:0000102
has db xref: XAO:0000186
has exact synonym: ocular ciliary body
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior uvea
has related synonym: ciliary bodies
has related synonym: corpus ciliare
id: UBERON:0001775
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: multi-tissue structure
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0011892
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011892
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002346

optic choroid
definition: vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP].
editor note: check choroid vs choroid layer; check ZFA/TAO placement - no homology assertion in VHOG. Note this is entirely in the posterior region of eyeball in ZFA
UBPROP_0000007: choroidal
UBPROP_0000012: MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct
has db xref: Choroid
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0008520
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181172003
has db xref: BTO:0001829
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2054
has db xref: EMAPA:19077
has db xref: EV:0100347
has db xref: FMA:58298
has db xref: GAID:913
has db xref: MA:0000263
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.894.223
has db xref: TAO:0005229
has db xref: UMLS:C0008520
has db xref: VHOG:0001568
has db xref: ZFA:0005229
has exact synonym: choroid
has exact synonym: choroid coat
has exact synonym: choroidea
has exact synonym: eye choroid
has exact synonym: posterior uvea
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: chorioid
has related synonym: choroidea
has related synonym: optic choroid
id: UBERON:0001776
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002203
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0019207
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: uvea
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: posterior segment of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0011892
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: uvea
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: sclera

substantia propria of cornea
definition: the lamellated connective tissue of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes
UBPROP_0000001: Portion of tissue that is located basal to Bowman's layer and distal to Descemet's membrane and is comprised largely of connective tissue.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: develops_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship type change: subclass tissue (CARO:0000043) CHANGED TO: has_developmental_contribution_from tissue (UBERON:0000479)[TAO]
has db xref: Corneal stroma
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0010040
has db xref: Corneal Stroma
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362511000
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1138
has db xref: EFO:0002514
has db xref: EMAPA:17602
has db xref: FMA:58306
has db xref: GAID:893
has db xref: MA:0001245
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.060.217.228
has db xref: TAO:0002189
has db xref: UMLS:C0010040
has db xref: ZFA:0001685
has exact synonym: corneal stroma
has exact synonym: stroma of cornea
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: substantia propria
id: UBERON:0001777
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003891
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: cornea
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0004367
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0007213
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cornea
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0004370
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003891
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: cornea

ciliary epithelium
definition: A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor.
has db xref: Ciliary epithelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0459736
has db xref: Ciliary Epithelium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280870004
has db xref: BTO:0001770
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0695
has db xref: EMAPA:35239
has db xref: FMA:58464
has db xref: MA:0001238
has db xref: UMLS:C0459736
has exact synonym: ciliary body epithelium
has exact synonym: epithelium of ciliary body
has exact synonym: ocular ciliary epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001778
type: Class
subclass of: atypical epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: UBERON_0015808
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: aqueous humor of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ciliary body
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: ciliary body

iris stroma
definition: The delicate vascular connective tissue that lies between the anterior surface of the iris and the pars iridica retinae.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Iris stroma
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280882008
has db xref: EMAPA:35451
has db xref: FMA:58526
has db xref: MA:0002777
has db xref: ZFA:0005569
has exact synonym: iridial stroma
has exact synonym: stroma of iris
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001779
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003891
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: iris
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: iris

spinal nerve
definition: the any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]
UBPROP_0000001: Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Spinal nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0037941
has db xref: Spinal Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361099009
has db xref: AAO:0011101
has db xref: BAMS:spin
has db xref: BTO:0000870
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001898
has db xref: EMAPA:16989
has db xref: FMA:5858
has db xref: GAID:841
has db xref: MA:0000233
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwK_iFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0037941
has db xref: VHOG:0000824
has db xref: XAO:0003101
has exact synonym: backbone nerve
has exact synonym: nerve of backbone
has exact synonym: nerve of spinal column
has exact synonym: nerve of spine
has exact synonym: nerve of vertebral column
has exact synonym: spinal column nerve
has exact synonym: spinal nerve tree
has exact synonym: spine nerve
has exact synonym: vertebral column nerve
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nervi spinales
has related synonym: spinal nerves
id: UBERON:0001780
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: peripheral nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0002240
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: UBERON_0002240

layer of retina
definition: Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP].
UBPROP_0000012: MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0459649
has db xref: Retina Layer
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280657006
has db xref: AAO:0010353
has db xref: EMAPA:35742
has db xref: FMA:58617
has db xref: MA:0001319
has db xref: UMLS:C0459649
has db xref: XAO:0000266
has exact synonym: retina layer
has exact synonym: retina neuronal layer
has exact synonym: retinal layer
has exact synonym: retinal neuronal layer
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001781
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0004923
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: retina

pigmented layer of retina
definition: A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup[ZFA]. the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells[WP].
UBPROP_0000001: A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Retinal pigment epithelium
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0035322
has db xref: Retinal Pigment Epithelium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280662007
has db xref: AAO:0011096
has db xref: BTO:0001177
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0869
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001465
has db xref: EHDAA:4765
has db xref: EMAPA:17172
has db xref: EMAPA:35738
has db xref: FMA:58627
has db xref: MA:0000279
has db xref: MA:0003173
has db xref: TAO:0000144
has db xref: UMLS:C0035322
has db xref: VHOG:0000536
has db xref: XAO:0003217
has db xref: ZFA:0000144
has exact synonym: outer pigmented layer of retina
has exact synonym: pigment epithelium of retina
has exact synonym: pigmented retina epithelium
has exact synonym: pigmented retinal epithelium
has exact synonym: retinal pigment epithelium
has exact synonym: retinal pigmented epithelium
has exact synonym: stratum pigmentosum (retina)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: PRE
has related synonym: RPE
has related synonym: epithelium, retinal pigment
has related synonym: p. pigmentosa retinae
has related synonym: pigmented epithelium
has related synonym: pigmented retina
has related synonym: retinal pigment layer
has related synonym: stratum pigmentosa retinae
id: UBERON:0001782
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: layer of retina
subclass of: UBERON_0015808
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0005424
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: photoreceptor layer of retina
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: layer of retina
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: immediate transformation of
    some values from: UBERON_0005424

optic disc
definition: The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point. This causes a break in the visual field called 'the blind spot' or the 'physiological blind spot'. The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neurons from the eye towards the brain. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: The small blind spot on the surface of the retina. It is the point where the fibers of the retina leave the eye and become part of the optic nerve. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Optic disc
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0029127
has db xref: Optic Disc
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362518006
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2153
has db xref: EFO:0001974
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001307
has db xref: EHDAA:9077
has db xref: EMAPA:18238
has db xref: FMA:58634
has db xref: MA:0000278
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120.680.660
has db xref: UMLS:C0029127
has db xref: VHOG:0000551
has exact synonym: optic disk
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: optic disk
has related synonym: optic nerve disc
has related synonym: optic nerve head
has related synonym: optic papilla
has related synonym: physiologic blind spot
has related synonym: physiologic blind spot of mariotte
id: UBERON:0001783
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: cranial nerve II

obsolete macula lutea
consider: UBERON:0000053
consider: UBERON:0000054
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001784
type: Class
comment: Obsoleted as it accidentally grouped macula and macula lutea
deprecated: true

cranial nerve
definition: Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord.
editor note: classified as neural tree organ, not nerve in FMA. CN II poses a challenge here as it is not strictly a nerve, yet is expected to be classified under CN.
UBPROP_0000001: Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/6
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Cranial nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0010268
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1269897
has db xref: Cranial Nerve
has db xref: birnlex 1623
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244447006
has db xref: AAO:0000108
has db xref: BAMS:cran
has db xref: BTO:0001104
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000323
has db xref: EMAPA:17263
has db xref: EMAPA:17264
has db xref: FMA:5865
has db xref: GAID:802
has db xref: HBA:9299
has db xref: MA:0000215
has db xref: MBA:967
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.120
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000641
has db xref: UMLS:C0010268
has db xref: UMLS:C1269897
has db xref: VHOG:0000279
has db xref: XAO:0000429
has db xref: XAO:0003089
has db xref: ZFA:0000641
has exact synonym: cranial neural tree organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cranial nerves
has related synonym: nervus cranialis
id: UBERON:0001785
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0011779
subclass of: UBERON_0034713
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: head
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: anterior_to
  some values from: spinal nerve
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: brain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003099
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: anterior_to
    some values from: spinal nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: extends fibers into
    some values from: brain

fovea centralis
definition: A depression in the inner retinal surface within the macula lutea, the photoreceptor layer of which is entirely cones and which is specialized for maximum visual acuity
UBPROP_0000001: A small pit in the center of the macula lutea, the area of clearest vision, where the retinal layers are spread aside, and light falls directly on the cones. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Definition of fovea centralis should be considered here as 'an area centralis at the visual axis' (reference 1). There is an uncertaincy of the relation, because: 1.-The fovea first appeared in evolution in the temporal retina of fishes. Then, in birds, the nasal fovea and bifoveal system with nasal and temporal foveas developed. The fovea disappeared in primitive mammals, and reappeared in primates. A residue of the fovea is conserved in the visual streak, and the disappearance and reappearance of the fovea, in primitive mammals and primates respectively, correlates with degeneration and restoration of cone pigment genes in photoreceptors (reference 2). 2.-Many retinal features (foveas, trichromacy, midget pathways and associated cell types) appear specific to primates. This has led to investigations in parallel with other mammalian models such as cat or rabbit. Correlation of the results often proves to be difficult, since an evolutionary scenario with transitions between the mammalian models is largely lacking (reference 3).[uncertain][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: foveal
UBPROP_0000008: The fovea is also a pit in the surface of the retinas of many types of fish, reptiles, and birds. Among mammals, it is found only in simian primates. The retinal fovea takes slightly different forms in different types of animals. For example, in primates, cone photoreceptors line the base of the foveal pit, the cells that elsewhere in the retina form more superficial layers having been displaced away from the foveal region during late fetal and early postnatal life. Other foveae may show only a reduced thickness in the inner cell layers, rather than an almost complete absence
UBPROP_0000009: high acuity vision
has broad synonym: fovea
has db xref: Fovea centralis in macula
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0016622
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0450290
has db xref: Fovea Centralis
has db xref: birnlex 2543
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264479005
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2055
has db xref: EV:0100350
has db xref: FMA:58658
has db xref: GAID:910
has db xref: MA:0001307
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.729.522.436
has db xref: UMLS:C0016622
has db xref: UMLS:C0450290
has db xref: VHOG:0001572
has exact synonym: centre of macula
has exact synonym: fovea centralis in macula
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: centre of fovea
id: UBERON:0001786
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: macula lutea

photoreceptor layer of retina
definition: The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside.
UBPROP_0000003: (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: we follow MA and ZFA in subdividing this into inner and outer segments
has db xref: Layer of rods and cones
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229206
has db xref: Layer of the Rods and Cones
has db xref: EMAPA:35686
has db xref: FMA:58680
has db xref: MA:0001308
has db xref: TAO:0000143
has db xref: UMLS:C0229206
has db xref: VHOG:0001165
has db xref: XAO:0003215
has db xref: ZFA:0000143
has exact synonym: retina photoreceptor layer
has exact synonym: retinal photoreceptor layer
has exact synonym: stratum segmentorum externorum et internorum (retina)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: layer of rods and cones
id: UBERON:0001787
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: outer limiting layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902

outer limiting layer of retina
definition: The row of jucntional complexes between the plasma membranes of rod segments and the Muller glia cells; this barrier separates the layer of inner and outer segments of the rods and cones from the outer nuclear layer and forms a blood-retina barrier[MP].
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1518685
has db xref: Outer Limiting Membrane
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280676008
has db xref: FMA:58683
has db xref: MA:0001309
has db xref: TAO:0001331
has db xref: UMLS:C1518685
has db xref: XAO:0003224
has db xref: ZFA:0001331
has exact synonym: external limiting lamina of retina
has exact synonym: external limiting membrane
has exact synonym: external limiting membrane of retina
has exact synonym: outer limiting membrane
has exact synonym: outer limiting membrane of retina
has exact synonym: retina external limiting lamina
has exact synonym: retina outer limiting membrane
has exact synonym: stratum limitans externum (retina)
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001788
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007619
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: outer nuclear layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: retina

outer nuclear layer of retina
definition: The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: outer nuclear layer
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229210
has db xref: Outer Nuclear Layer of Retina
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280678009
has db xref: BAMS:Ronl
has db xref: BTO:0005600
has db xref: EMAPA:19157
has db xref: FMA:58684
has db xref: MA:0001315
has db xref: TAO:0001464
has db xref: UMLS:C0229210
has db xref: VHOG:0001170
has db xref: XAO:0003219
has db xref: ZFA:0001464
has exact synonym: neural retina outer nuclear layer
has exact synonym: retina outer nuclear layer
has exact synonym: retinal outer nuclear layer
has exact synonym: stratum nucleare externum (retina)
has narrow synonym: ONL
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: external nuclear layer
has related synonym: layer of outer granules
has related synonym: retina, outer nuclear layer
id: UBERON:0001789
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: outer plexiform layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902

outer plexiform layer of retina
definition: The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells[ZFA]. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells[GO].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]
ABBREVIATION: OPL
has broad synonym: external plexiform layer
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229217
has db xref: Outer Plexiform Layer
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280684007
has db xref: BAMS:Ropl
has db xref: BTO:0003174
has db xref: EMAPA:35744
has db xref: FMA:58685
has db xref: MA:0001316
has db xref: TAO:0001330
has db xref: UMLS:C0229217
has db xref: VHOG:0001171
has db xref: XAO:0003218
has db xref: ZFA:0001330
has exact synonym: outer plexiform layer
has exact synonym: retina outer plexiform layer
has exact synonym: retinal outer plexiform layer
has exact synonym: stratum plexiforme externum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: retina, outer plexiform layer
id: UBERON:0001790
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: inner nuclear layer of retina

inner nuclear layer of retina
definition: Cytoarchitectural layer of retina containing closely packed cell bodies, the majority of which are bipolar cells (adapted from Wikipedia).
UBPROP_0000001: The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells[BTO:0003176].
UBPROP_0000003: (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229211
has db xref: Inner Nuclear Layer
has db xref: nlx_93816
has db xref: nlx anat 1005031
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362520009
has db xref: BAMS:Rinl
has db xref: BTO:0003176
has db xref: EMAPA:19155
has db xref: FMA:58686
has db xref: MA:0001311
has db xref: TAO:0000119
has db xref: UMLS:C0229211
has db xref: VHOG:0001167
has db xref: XAO:0003221
has db xref: ZFA:0000119
has exact synonym: inner nuclear layer
has exact synonym: intermediate cell layer
has exact synonym: neural retina inner nuclear layer
has exact synonym: retina inner nuclear layer
has exact synonym: retinal inner nuclear layer
has exact synonym: stratum nucleare internum
has narrow synonym: INL
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: layer of inner granules
has related synonym: retina, inner nuclear layer
id: UBERON:0001791
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: AO notes http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/nlx_anat_1005031 appears to be retired
subclass of: layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: inner plexiform layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902

ganglionic layer of retina
definition: Cytoarchitectural layer of retina that contains somata of retinal ganglion cells, bounded by the stratum opticum and the inner plexiform layer
UBPROP_0000001: a layer of the retina that consists of retinal ganglion cells[WP]. innermost nuclear layer of the retina, which contains neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain[Wikipedia:Ganglion_cell_layer].
UBPROP_0000003: (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: NIFSTD class appears to be retired in nlx[http://neurolex.org/wiki/Nlx_anat_1005030]
has broad synonym: ganglion cell layer
has db xref: Ganglion cell layer
has db xref: Ganglion Cell Layer
has db xref: nlx_36500
has db xref: nlx anat 1005030
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280670002
has db xref: BAMS:Rgcl
has db xref: BTO:0003398
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0867
has db xref: EMAPA:35739
has db xref: FMA:58687
has db xref: MA:0001310
has db xref: TAO:0000024
has db xref: VHOG:0001166
has db xref: XAO:0003223
has db xref: ZFA:0000024
has exact synonym: GCL layer
has exact synonym: RGC layer
has exact synonym: ganglionic cell layer of retina
has exact synonym: retina ganglion cell layer
has exact synonym: retina ganglion layer
has exact synonym: retinal ganglion cell layer
has exact synonym: retinal ganglion layer
has exact synonym: stratum ganglionicum (retina)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: retina, ganglion cell layer
has related synonym: stratum ganglionicum retinae
id: UBERON:0001792
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: nerve fiber layer of retina

nerve fiber layer of retina
definition: Fiber layer adjacent the retinal ganglion cell layer which is comprised of their axons as they traverse to the optic nerve[ZFA]. The retinal nerve fiber layer (nerve fiber layer, stratum opticum, RNFL) is formed by the expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve; it is thickest near the porus opticus, gradually diminishing toward the ora serrata. As the nerve fibers pass through the lamina cribrosa sclerae they lose their medullary sheaths and are continued onward through the choroid and retina as simple axis-cylinders. When they reach the internal surface of the retina they radiate from their point of entrance over this surface grouped in bundles, and in many places arranged in plexuses. Most of the fibers are centripetal, and are the direct continuations of the axis-cylinder processes of the cells of the ganglionic layer, but a few of them are centrifugal and ramify in the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers, where they end in enlarged extremities.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]
has alternative id: UBERON:0005888
has db xref: Nervous system fiber layer
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280671003
has db xref: DMBA:15652
has db xref: EMAPA:18591
has db xref: FMA:58688
has db xref: MA:0001314
has db xref: TAO:0002212
has db xref: VHOG:0001169
has db xref: XAO:0003220
has db xref: ZFA:0001619
has exact synonym: layer of nerve fibers of retina
has exact synonym: layer of nerve fibres of retina
has exact synonym: optic fiber layer
has exact synonym: retina nerve fiber layer
has exact synonym: stratum neurofibrarum (retina)
has exact synonym: stratum neurofibrarum retinae
has exact synonym: stratum opticum of retina
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: neural retina nerve fibre layer
has related synonym: optic fiber layer
has related synonym: optic fiber layers
has related synonym: stratum neurofibrum retinae
id: UBERON:0001793
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: layer of retina
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: inner limiting layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: cranial nerve II
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902

inner limiting layer of retina
definition: The row of fused Muller cell processes and astrocytes that separates the retinal nerve fiber layer from the vitreous[MP].
editor note: TODO - check frog/fish
UBPROP_0000001: Membrane on the apical surface of the retina. The retinal vasculature becomes adhered to the apical surface of the ILM by 30dpf[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-071023-7, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-120529-3].
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1512783
has db xref: Inner Limiting Membrane
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280677004
has db xref: FMA:58689
has db xref: MA:0001313
has db xref: TAO:0001029
has db xref: UMLS:C1512783
has db xref: XAO:0003222
has db xref: ZFA:0001029
has exact synonym: inner limiting membrane
has exact synonym: inner limiting membrane of retina
has exact synonym: internal limiting lamina of retina
has exact synonym: internal limiting membrane of retina
has exact synonym: retina inner limiting membrane
has exact synonym: retina internal limiting lamina
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001794
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007619
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: vitreous humor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: retina

inner plexiform layer of retina
definition: Cytoarchitectural layer of the retina that is made up of a dense reticulum of fibrils formed by interlaced dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and cells of the inner nuclear layer (adapted from Wikipedia)
UBPROP_0000001: The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells[GO][GO:0010842].
UBPROP_0000001: The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the dendrites of the ganglion cells.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Nlx_anat_1005032 appears to be retired
has db xref: Inner plexiform layer
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229221
has db xref: Inner Plexiform Layer
has db xref: nlx_20558
has db xref: nlx anat 1005032
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280682006
has db xref: BAMS:Ripl
has db xref: BTO:0003175
has db xref: EMAPA:35741
has db xref: FMA:58704
has db xref: MA:0001312
has db xref: TAO:0001329
has db xref: UMLS:C0229221
has db xref: VHOG:0001168
has db xref: XAO:0003225
has db xref: ZFA:0001329
has exact synonym: retina inner plexiform layer
has exact synonym: retinal inner plexiform layer
has exact synonym: stratum plexiforme internum
has narrow synonym: IPL
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: inner plexiform layer
has related synonym: internal plexiform layer of retina
has related synonym: retina, inner plexiform layer
has related synonym: retinal internal plexiform layer
has related synonym: stratum plexifome internum
has related synonym: stratum plexiforme internum retinae
id: UBERON:0001795
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: ganglionic layer of retina
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003902
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: inner nuclear layer of retina
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: layer of retina
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: adjacent_to
    some values from: inner nuclear layer of retina
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: adjacent_to
    some values from: ganglionic layer of retina

aqueous humor of eyeball
definition: Body substance in liquid state contained in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyeball[FMA]. The aqueous humour is a thick watery substance filling the space between the lens and the cornea[WP].
UBPROP_0000001: The fluid produced by the ciliary process in the eye and occupying the anterior and posterior chambers. It provides nourishment for the lens and cornea and maintains the ocular pressure, and hence the optical integrity of the eyeball. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: FMA says A+P chambers, and MA states A chamber. ZFA states A chamber and tha it is produced primarily by dorsal ciliary epithelial cells.To be investigated across taxa.
has db xref: Aqueous humor
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003662
has db xref: Aqueous Humor
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280587006
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000139
has db xref: EHDAA:10196
has db xref: EMAPA:18232
has db xref: ENVO:02000024
has db xref: FMA:58819
has db xref: GAID:890
has db xref: MA:0001236
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.060.067.070
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdGd-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0003662
has db xref: VHOG:0000548
has db xref: ZFA:0005564
has exact synonym: aqueous humor
has exact synonym: aqueous humour
has exact synonym: humor aquosus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001796
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anterior chamber of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: anterior chamber of eyeball

vitreous humor
definition: Body substance of semisolid state which constitutes the vitreous body of the eye.[FMA]
UBPROP_0000012: FMA distinguishes between a portion and the whole portion. We equate with whole portion here, but this is arbitrary
has broad synonym: portion of vitreous humor
has db xref: Vitreous humour
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229096
has db xref: Vitreous Humor
has db xref: BTO:0001451
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0308
has db xref: EMAPA:17837
has db xref: ENVO:02000032
has db xref: EV:0100344
has db xref: FMA:58822
has db xref: MA:0001286
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7ZIfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0229096
has db xref: VHOG:0000795
has db xref: ZFA:0005561
has exact synonym: humor vitreous
has exact synonym: humor vitreus
has exact synonym: vitreous
has exact synonym: whole portion of vitreous humor
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: humoral fluid
has related synonym: ocular fluid
has related synonym: vitreous fluid
has related synonym: vitreous humour
id: UBERON:0001797
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006312
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vitreous body
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0005606

vitreous body
definition: Mucoid tissue in the vitreous chamber of the eyeball. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left vitreous bodies.[FMA]
UBPROP_0000012: in many AOs these are exact synonyms, but FMA has a part of link between portion of vitreous humor and this
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042905
has db xref: Vitreous Body
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181170006
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0308
has db xref: FMA:58827
has db xref: GAID:919
has db xref: MA:0002462
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.943
has db xref: UMLS:C0042905
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001798
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003566
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vitreous chamber of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0002346

vitreous chamber of eyeball
definition: The posterior chamber is a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the eye, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes the Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly posterior of the iris but anterior to the lens. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Vitreous chamber
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229095
has db xref: Vitreous Chamber
has db xref: BTO:0002087
has db xref: FMA:58848
has db xref: MA:0002461
has db xref: UMLS:C0229095
has exact synonym: camera postrema
has exact synonym: camera postrema bulbi oculi
has exact synonym: camera vitrea
has exact synonym: camera vitrea bulbi
has exact synonym: postremal chamber
has exact synonym: postremal chamber of eyeball
has exact synonym: vitreous chamber
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001799
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006311
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: posterior segment of eyeball

sensory ganglion
definition: The clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0206429
has db xref: Sensory Ganglion
has db xref: AEO:0001000
has db xref: FMA:5885
has db xref: MA:0002566
has db xref: MESH:A08.340.390
has db xref: UMLS:C0206429
has exact synonym: ganglion sensorium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001800
type: Class
subclass of: ganglion

anterior segment of eyeball
definition: any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive)
has db xref: Anterior segment of eyeball
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003153
has db xref: Anterior Eye Segment
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280658001
has db xref: FMA:58865
has db xref: MA:0002484
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.060
has db xref: UMLS:C0003153
has db xref: ZFA:0005566
has exact synonym: anterior eye segment
has exact synonym: anterior segment of eye
has exact synonym: anterior segment of the eye
has exact synonym: eye anterior segment
has exact synonym: segmentum anterius (bulbus oculi)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: segmentum anterius bulbi oculi
id: UBERON:0001801
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_anterior_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010230
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010230
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: camera-type eye

posterior segment of eyeball
definition: any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive)
has db xref: Posterior segment of eyeball
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0278450
has db xref: Posterior Eye Segment
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280659009
has db xref: FMA:58868
has db xref: MA:0002485
has db xref: UMLS:C0278450
has db xref: ZFA:0005567
has exact synonym: eye posterior segment
has exact synonym: posterior eye segment
has exact synonym: posterior segment of eye
has exact synonym: posterior segment of the eye
has exact synonym: segmentum posterius (bulbus oculi)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: segmentum posterius bulbi oculi
id: UBERON:0001802
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: organ segment
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010230
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_posterior_side_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010230

epithelium of lens
definition: The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens.[6] As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions.
curator notes: this class is the superclass of the anterior epithelium and equatorial epithlium, although the term 'lens epithelium' may refer specifically to the former
has db xref: Lens Epithelium
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362523006
has db xref: BTO:0001873
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0543
has db xref: EMAPA:32871
has db xref: FMA:58871
has db xref: MA:0001301
has db xref: TAO:0001326
has db xref: XAO:0004094
has db xref: ZFA:0001326
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of eye lens
has exact synonym: epithelial tissue of lens
has exact synonym: epithelium lentis
has exact synonym: epithelium of eye lens
has exact synonym: eye lens epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: eye lens epithelium
has exact synonym: lens epithelial tissue
has exact synonym: lens epithelium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001803
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: simple cuboidal epithelium
subclass of: UBERON_0015808
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lens of camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: lens of camera-type eye
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: epithelium
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: lens of camera-type eye

capsule of lens
definition: the elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens
UBPROP_0000001: The transparent membrane which surrounds the lens of the eye. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya (reference 1); Although the eye varies greatly in adaptative details among vertebrates, its basic structure is the same in all. The human eye is representative of the design typical for a tetrapod. (...) A watery aqueous humor fills the spaces in the eye in front of the lens (...) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000010: synthesized by the lens epithelium and its main components are Type IV collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). [Wikipedia:Capsule_of_lens, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_capsule]
has db xref: Lens capsule
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229232
has db xref: Lens Capsule
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244500004
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000977
has db xref: EMAPA:18237
has db xref: FMA:58881
has db xref: MA:0001300
has db xref: UMLS:C0229232
has db xref: VHOG:0000550
has db xref: ZFA:0005574
has exact synonym: capsula lentis
has exact synonym: lens capsule
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001804
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003893
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0005769
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: epithelium of lens
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bounding layer of
  some values from: lens of camera-type eye
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005614
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0003893
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bounding layer of
    some values from: lens of camera-type eye

autonomic ganglion
definition: ganglion that has dendrites that form a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. There are two subtypes, sympathetic ganglion and parasympathetic ganglion.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Autonomic ganglion
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017068
has db xref: Autonomic Ganglion
has db xref: AEO:0001001
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2340
has db xref: EMAPA:17157
has db xref: EMAPA:18221
has db xref: FMA:5889
has db xref: MA:0000220
has db xref: MESH:A08.340.315
has db xref: UMLS:C0017068
has exact synonym: autonomic nervous system ganglion
has exact synonym: ganglion of autonomic nervous system
has exact synonym: ganglion of visceral nervous system
has exact synonym: visceral nervous system ganglion
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ganglion autonomicum
id: UBERON:0001805
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003338
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002410
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0034728
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002410

sympathetic ganglion
definition: A ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples: paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia, which include the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia
has db xref: Sympathetic ganglion
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017071
has db xref: Sympathetic Ganglion
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362485003
has db xref: AAO:0010773
has db xref: BTO:0001333
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0994
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001969
has db xref: EMAPA:17157
has db xref: FMA:5890
has db xref: MA:0000226
has db xref: UMLS:C0017071
has exact synonym: ganglion of sympathetic nervous system
has exact synonym: ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system
has exact synonym: ganglion sympatheticum
has exact synonym: sympathetic nervous system ganglion
has exact synonym: sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ganglion sympathicum
id: UBERON:0001806
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: autonomic ganglion
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: sympathetic nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: sympathetic nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0034729
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003083
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: sympathetic nervous system

paravertebral ganglion
definition: Trunk ganglion which is part of a bilaterally paired set of sympathetic ganglia located anterior and lateral to the spinal cord.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_80128
has alternative id: UBERON:0005466
has db xref: Paravertebral ganglion
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/324478000
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001403
has db xref: EHDAA:5635
has db xref: FMA:5891
has db xref: MA:0003100
has db xref: TAO:0001556
has db xref: ZFA:0001556
has exact synonym: ganglion of sympathetic trunk
has exact synonym: ganglion trunci sympathetici
has exact synonym: ganglion trunci sympathici
has exact synonym: sympathetic chain ganglion
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ganglia of sympathetic trunk
has related synonym: ganglia trunci sympathici
has related synonym: paravertebral ganglia
has related synonym: paravertebral ganglion
has related synonym: sympathetic chain ganglia
id: UBERON:0001807
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: sympathetic ganglion
subclass of: UBERON_0007134
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: sympathetic trunk
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: sympathetic trunk

parasympathetic ganglion
definition: Ganglion containing neurons that receive innervation from parasympathetic neurons in the central nervous system and subserves parasympathetic functions through innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Parasympathetic ganglion
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017069
has db xref: Parasympathetic Ganglion
has db xref: nlx anat 100303
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279284004
has db xref: BTO:0001256
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001400
has db xref: EMAPA:32813
has db xref: FMA:5894
has db xref: MA:0002469
has db xref: UMLS:C0017069
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ganglion parasympathicum
id: UBERON:0001808
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: autonomic ganglion
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: parasympathetic nervous system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: extends fibers into
  some values from: UBERON_0004293
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0002342
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: parasympathetic nervous system
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: autonomic ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: parasympathetic nervous system

enteric ganglion
definition: .
has db xref: Enteric ganglia
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0501399
has db xref: Enteric Ganglion
has db xref: EMAPA:35312
has db xref: FMA:5896
has db xref: MA:0001144
has db xref: UMLS:C0501399
has exact synonym: intramural ganglion
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001809
type: Class
subclass of: parasympathetic ganglion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002005
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002005
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: parasympathetic ganglion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002005

nerve plexus
definition: Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA].
UBPROP_0000012: in FMA this is a subtype of junction rather than tissue
has broad synonym: plexus
has db xref: Nervous system plexus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0501403
has db xref: Nerve Plexus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/122455009
has db xref: AEO:0000138
has db xref: BTO:0000205
has db xref: EHDAA2:0003138
has db xref: EHDAA:3780
has db xref: FMA:5901
has db xref: MA:0002407
has db xref: UMLS:C0501403
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001810
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003714
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: nervous system

conjunctiva
definition: the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the front of the eyeball
UBPROP_0000007: conjunctival
has db xref: Conjunctiva
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0009758
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181161008
has db xref: AAO:0010343
has db xref: BTO:0003415
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2232
has db xref: EFO:0000374
has db xref: EMAPA:18233
has db xref: EV:0100340
has db xref: FMA:59011
has db xref: GAID:898
has db xref: MA:0000265
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.192
has db xref: UMLS:C0009758
has db xref: XAO:0000182
has exact synonym: conjunctivae
has exact synonym: conjunctivas
has exact synonym: wall of conjunctival sac
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001811
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical wall
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005908
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: sclera
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: anterior segment of eyeball
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0010409
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: external ectoderm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: eyelid

palpebral conjunctiva
definition: The part of the conjunctiva, a thin transparent mucous membrane, that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids.
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229274
has db xref: Palpebral Conjunctiva
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280666005
has db xref: FMA:59025
has db xref: MA:0001265
has db xref: UMLS:C0229274
has exact synonym: tarsal conjunctiva
has exact synonym: tunica conjunctiva palpebrum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: eyelid conjunctiva
id: UBERON:0001812
type: Class
comment: lines the eyeballs
subclass of: UBERON_0010305
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: conjunctiva
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: eyelid

somatic nerve plexus
definition: A nerve plexus that is part of a somatic nervous system [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: TODO - check
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228603
has db xref: Spinal Nerve Plexus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/42280003
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001899
has db xref: EMAPA:16987
has db xref: FMA:5903
has db xref: MA:0000235
has db xref: UMLS:C0228603
has db xref: VHOG:0000925
has exact synonym: plexus nervorum spinalium
has exact synonym: plexus of spinal nerves
has exact synonym: spinal nerve plexus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001813
type: Class
subclass of: nerve plexus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: somatic nervous system
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: nerve plexus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: somatic nervous system

brachial nerve plexus
definition: The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine, formed by the ventral rami of the lower cervical and upper thoracic nerve root, specifically from below the fifth cervical vertebra to above the first thoracic vertebra. It proceeds through the neck, the axilla (armpit region) and into the arm. [WP,unvetted].
editor note: check superclass - nerve vs collection of fibers vs junction; note that FMA also has 'brachial autonomic nerve plexus'
UBPROP_0000001: A nerve plexus originating from the anterior branches of the last four cervical and the first thoracic spinal nerves, giving off many of the principal nerves of the shoulder, chest, and arms. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: To reach the muscles, dermatomes, and other structures of the limbs, some of the neurons in the spinal nerves come together in the plexus at the base of the limb. Such plexuses occur in all gnathostomes, and they reach their highest complexity among mammals and birds in which the cervical plexus supplies many ventral neck muscles, the brachial plexus supplies the pectoral appendage, a lumbosacral plexus supplies the pelvic appendage, and a coccygeal plexus supplies some of the pelvic muscles.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Brachial plexus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0006090
has db xref: Brachial Plexus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181002002
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000180
has db xref: EHDAA:3782
has db xref: EMAPA:16988
has db xref: FMA:5906
has db xref: GAID:842
has db xref: MA:0001180
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.050
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwNWmO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0006090
has db xref: VHOG:0000372
has exact synonym: brachial plexus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: plexus brachialis
id: UBERON:0001814
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: somatic nerve plexus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002102

lumbosacral nerve plexus
definition: The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerve, sacral nerve, and coccygeal nerves form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic. For descriptive purposes this plexus is usually divided into three parts: lumbar plexus sacral plexus pudendal plexus [WP,unvetted].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: To reach the muscles, dermatomes, and other structures of the limbs, some of the neurons in the spinal nerves come together in the plexus at the base of the limb. Such plexuses occur in all gnathostomes, and they reach their highest complexity among mammals and birds in which the cervical plexus supplies many ventral neck muscles, the brachial plexus supplies the pectoral appendage, a lumbosacral plexus supplies the pelvic appendage, and a coccygeal plexus supplies some of the pelvic muscles.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Lumbosacral plexus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0024093
has db xref: Lumbosacral Plexus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181049003
has db xref: BAMS:lsp
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001040
has db xref: EHDAA:4673
has db xref: EMAPA:17587
has db xref: FMA:5907
has db xref: GAID:849
has db xref: MA:0001181
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.450
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYo75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0024093
has db xref: VHOG:0000926
has exact synonym: lumbosacral plexus
has exact synonym: plexus lumbosacralis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: plexus lumbosacralis
id: UBERON:0001815
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: somatic nerve plexus

autonomic nerve plexus
definition: A nerve plexus that is part of an autonomic nervous system [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362482000
has db xref: EMAPA:18224
has db xref: FMA:5910
has db xref: MA:0000221
has exact synonym: autonomic plexus
has exact synonym: plexus autonomicus
has exact synonym: plexus nervosus visceralis
has exact synonym: plexus visceralis
has exact synonym: visceral nerve plexus
has exact synonym: visceral plexus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001816
type: Class
subclass of: nerve plexus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002410
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: nerve plexus
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002410

lacrimal gland
definition: The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, located in or near the orbital region, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.[WP].
UBPROP_0000001: Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate the lacrimal sac. Examples: There only two instances, right lacrimal and left lacrimal glands.
UBPROP_0000001: The preorbital gland is a paired exocrine gland found in many species of hoofed animals, which is homologous to the lacrimal gland found in humans. These glands are trenchlike slits of dark blue to black, nearly bare skin extending from the medial canthus of each eye. They are lined by a combination of sebaceous and sudoriferous glands, and they produce secretions which contain pheromones and other semiochemical compounds. Ungulates frequently deposit these secretions on twigs and grass as a means of communication with other animals. The preorbital gland serves different roles in different species. Pheromone-containing secretions from the preorbital gland may serve to establish an animal's dominance (especially in preparation for breeding), mark its territory, or simply to produce a pleasurable sensation to the animal. Because of its critical role in scent marking, the preorbital gland is usually considered as a type of scent gland. A further function of these glands may be to produce antimicrobial compounds against skin pathogens. Antimicrobial compounds found in these glands may be biosynthesized by the animal itself, or by microorganisms that live in these glands[Wikipedia:Preorbital_gland].
UBPROP_0000006: https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
UBPROP_0000008: In humans, they are situated in the upper, outer portion of each orbit
UBPROP_0000008: Innervation is highly complex and species-specific
has db xref: Lacrimal gland
has db xref: Preorbital gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022907
has db xref: Lacrimal Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181147003
has db xref: BTO:0000044
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0512
has db xref: EFO:0001389
has db xref: EMAPA:35463
has db xref: EV:0100339
has db xref: FMA:59101
has db xref: MA:0001296
has db xref: UMLS:C0022907
has db xref: VHOG:0001476
has exact synonym: glandula lacrimalis
has exact synonym: lacrimal-preorbital gland
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glandula praeorbitalis
has related synonym: preorbital gland
has related synonym: tear gland
id: UBERON:0001817
in subset: efo slim
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0004859
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0015154
subclass of: UBERON_0019319
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: lacrimal apparatus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0022284
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lacrimal apparatus
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002530
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: lacrimal apparatus

tarsal gland
definition: A modified lobulated sebaceous gland at the rim of an eyelid, responsible for the supply of meibum.
UBPROP_0000011: in mice, meibomian gland development is initiated around E18.5 with the formation of an epithelial placode and mesenchymal condensation, similar to that observed in hair follicle development; invagination of the epithelium into the developing mesenchyme then continues from birth to about P3 with initial branching of the epithelial cord detected at P5; by P8 the developing meibomian gland shows extensive ductal branching and the formation of distinct acini with mature meibomian glands present by P15 or eyelid opening[PMID:20664693]
has db xref: Meibomian gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0025181
has db xref: Meibomian Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280585003
has db xref: BTO:0004165
has db xref: FMA:59104
has db xref: GAID:899
has db xref: MA:0001249
has db xref: MESH:A09.371.337.614
has db xref: UMLS:C0025181
has exact synonym: Meibomian gland
has exact synonym: gland of Meibom
has exact synonym: glandula tarsales
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: palpebral gland
has related synonym: tarsoconjunctival gland
id: UBERON:0001818
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0013231
subclass of: UBERON_0015251
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004772
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: eyelid
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: sebaceous gland
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0004772

palpebral fissure
definition: Orifice separating upper and lower eyelids. In the human adult this measures about 10mm vertically and 30 mm horizontally. It can be reduced in size in fetal alcohol syndrome. In Trisomy 9 the palpebral fissures can be upslanting. [WP,modified].
has db xref: Palpebral fissure
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280576003
has db xref: FMA:59110
has db xref: MA:0001266
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: rima palpebrarum
id: UBERON:0001819
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: orifice
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0006726
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0005611
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: lower eyelid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: upper eyelid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: camera-type eye

sweat gland
definition: any of the coil glands of the skin that secrete sweat
editor note: TODO - check if all sweat glands are epidermal - see EMAPA:29743
UBPROP_0000001: A gland that secretes sweat, found in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, opening by a duct on the body surface. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Sweat glands (also called sudoriferous glands) are unique to mammals.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In humans a system of apocrine - and merocrine sweat glands is the main method of cooling. Many other mammals rely on panting or other means as a primary source of cooling, but still use sweat glands to aid in body temperature regulation
has db xref: Sweat gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038989
has db xref: Sweat Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361700009
has db xref: BTO:0001331
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0993
has db xref: EMAPA:35844
has db xref: EV:0100160
has db xref: FMA:59152
has db xref: GAID:943
has db xref: MA:0000150
has db xref: MESH:A10.336.899
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0038989
has db xref: VHOG:0001467
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glandula sudorifera
has related synonym: sudoriferous gland
has related synonym: sudoriparous gland
id: UBERON:0001820
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007771
subclass of: UBERON_0019319
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: sweat
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005089
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skin epidermis
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002530
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: produces
    some values from: sweat

sebaceous gland
definition: A holocrine gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles, or in hairless areas into ducts.[MP].
curator notes: sebaceous glands are also found in glabrous areas of eyelids, nose, penis, labia minora and nipples, and do not always secrete into hair follices. This causes some confusion in classification. In addition some structures, such as preputial glands are sometimes called 'modified' sebaceous glands, implying a non-subclass relationship. we follow MP and MA in keeping this class generic and creating a distinct subclass for sebaceuous glands of the skin. The FMA class may be better placed under this subclass.
UBPROP_0000001: Any of the numerous holocrine glands in the dermis that empty into a hair follicle and produce and secrete sebum. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Sebaceous glands are also limited to mammals.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Sebaceous gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036505
has db xref: Sebaceous Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361697005
has db xref: BTO:0001980
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2384
has db xref: EMAPA:35754
has db xref: EV:0100161
has db xref: FMA:59160
has db xref: GAID:900
has db xref: MA:0002565
has db xref: MESH:A10.336.827
has db xref: UMLS:C0036505
has db xref: VHOG:0001468
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glandula sebacea
has related synonym: glandula sebaceae
has related synonym: sebaceous follicle
id: UBERON:0001821
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007771
subclass of: UBERON_0012344
subclass of: UBERON_0019319
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produces
  some values from: sebum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: skin epidermis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002330
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005088
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011932

orbital septum
definition: A membranous sheet that acts as the anterior boundary of the orbit. It extends from the orbital rims to the eyelids[WP].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Orbital septum
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/368859002
has db xref: FMA:59328
has db xref: MA:0001259
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: septum orbitale
id: UBERON:0001822
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: membrane organ
subclass of: UBERON_0003037
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004772
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002204
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: orbit of skull

nasal cartilage
definition: One of the cartilage structures in the nose that provide form and support[WP].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Nasal cartilage
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0225415
has db xref: Nasal Cartilage
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278941001
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0655
has db xref: FMA:59502
has db xref: MA:0001883
has db xref: UMLS:C0225415
has exact synonym: cartilage of nose
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001823
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002418
subclass of: UBERON_0003406
subclass of: UBERON_0003566
subclass of: UBERON_0003570
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: olfactory apparatus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: nasal vestibule
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007844
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: olfactory apparatus

mucosa of larynx
definition: The mucous lining of the larynx, which is composed of squamous epithelium in the upper larynx and ciliated columnar epithelium in the lower larynx.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0023053
has db xref: Laryngeal Mucosa
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361940006
has db xref: EMAPA:18334
has db xref: FMA:59662
has db xref: GAID:301
has db xref: MA:0001766
has db xref: MESH:A04.329.597
has db xref: UMLS:C0023053
has exact synonym: laryngeal mucosa
has exact synonym: larynx mucosa
has exact synonym: larynx mucosa of organ
has exact synonym: larynx mucous membrane
has exact synonym: larynx organ mucosa
has exact synonym: mucosa of organ of larynx
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of larynx
has exact synonym: organ mucosa of larynx
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa laryngis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: laryngeal mucous membrane
id: UBERON:0001824
type: Class
subclass of: tracheal mucosa
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: larynx
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: larynx

paranasal sinus
definition: the paired air-filled cavities surrounded by the bones of the face that are lined by mucous membranes and are continuous with the nasal cavity
UBPROP_0000011: Arise as epithelial lined diverticula of the lining of the nasal cavity. The extent of sinus development varies with species, most of the development occurs postnatally
UBPROP_0000202: FMA_76587
has broad synonym: sinus
has db xref: Paranasal sinuses
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030471
has db xref: Paranasal Sinus
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181203001
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2082
has db xref: EHDAA:6489
has db xref: EMAPA:35662
has db xref: EV:0100038
has db xref: FMA:59679
has db xref: GAID:355
has db xref: MA:0000431
has db xref: MESH:A04.531.621
has db xref: UMLS:C0030471
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nasal sinus
id: UBERON:0001825
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002553
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003129
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: nasal cavity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: respiratory system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: respiratory system

nasal cavity mucosa
definition: The mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity[MP].
editor note: TODO - check lining vs part of. split olfactory and nasal mucosa?
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/310211009
has db xref: BTO:0000912
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0657
has db xref: EMAPA:36026
has db xref: FMA:59684
has db xref: GAID:302
has exact synonym: mucosa of nose
has exact synonym: mucous membrane of nose
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa nasalis
has exact synonym: tunica mucosa nasi
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nasal mucosa
id: UBERON:0001826
type: Class
subclass of: tracheal mucosa
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0015788
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bounding layer of
  some values from: UBERON_0015788
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mucosa
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0015788

secretion of lacrimal gland
definition: Aqueous substance secreted by the lacrimal gland.
has db xref: Tear
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039409
has db xref: BTO:0001499
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1016
has db xref: ENVO:02000034
has db xref: FMA:59756
has db xref: GAID:1173
has db xref: MA:0002508
has db xref: MESH:A12.200.882
has db xref: UMLS:C0039409
has db xref: galen:Tear
has db xref: galen:Tears
has exact synonym: lacrimal fluid
has exact synonym: lacrimal gland secretion
has exact synonym: lacrimal secretion
has exact synonym: tear
has exact synonym: tears
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: tear fluid
id: UBERON:0001827
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: bodily secretion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produced_by
  some values from: lacrimal gland
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bodily secretion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: produced_by
    some values from: lacrimal gland

gingiva
definition: The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001].
editor note: FMA has a 3-level breakdown of jaws into: region, jaw (skeleton+gums), skeleton.
UBPROP_0000007: gingival
has db xref: Gingiva
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017562
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181224006
has db xref: BTO:0000519
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2074
has db xref: EFO:0001925
has db xref: EMAPA:35945
has db xref: EV:0100064
has db xref: FMA:59762
has db xref: GAID:1257
has db xref: MA:0000342
has db xref: MESH:A14.254.646.480
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViWnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0017562
has db xref: VHOG:0001269
has db xref: galen:Gingiva
has exact synonym: gum
has exact synonym: gum tissue
has exact synonym: gums
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: gingival mucosa
id: UBERON:0001828
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003729
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0011595
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0004103
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: continuous_with
  some values from: UBERON_0003729
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: UBERON_0008266
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0003729

major salivary gland
definition: One of the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
UBPROP_0000008: There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands in human and mouse
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0930553
has db xref: Major Salivary Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/303049006
has db xref: FMA:59788
has db xref: MA:0002478
has db xref: UMLS:C0930553
has db xref: galen:MajorSalivaryGland
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001829
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
subclass of: saliva-secreting gland
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: mouth

minor salivary gland
definition: One of the smaller, largely mucus-secreting, exocrine glands of the oral cavity, consisting of the labial, buccal, molar, lingual, and palatine glands[MP].
has db xref: Minor Salivary Glands
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036099
has db xref: Minor Salivary Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362177001
has db xref: EMAPA:35574
has db xref: FMA:59789
has db xref: GAID:940
has db xref: MA:0002479
has db xref: MESH:A10.336.779.650
has db xref: UMLS:C0036099
has db xref: galen:MinorSalivaryGland
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001830
in subset: organ slim
type: Class
comment: There are over 600 minor salivary glands located throughout the oral cavity within the lamina propria of the oral mucosa. They are 1-2mm in diameter and unlike the other glands, they are not encapsulated by connective tissue only surrounded by it. The gland is usually a number of acini connected in a tiny lobule. A minor salivary gland may have a common excretory duct with another gland, or may have its own excretory duct. Their secretion is mainly mucous in nature (except for Von Ebner's glands) and have many functions such as coating the oral cavity with saliva[WP].
subclass of: saliva-secreting gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005334

parotid gland
definition: The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing. [WP,unvetted].
UBPROP_0000001: A mammalian salivary gland located caudal to the ear. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-22, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The most common oral glands in mammals are the salivary glands. There are usually three primary pairs of salivary glands, named for their approximate positions: mandibular (submandibular or submaxillary), sublingual, and parotid.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Parotid gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030580
has db xref: Parotid Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181234002
has db xref: AAO:0010095
has db xref: BTO:0001004
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0748
has db xref: EFO:0002558
has db xref: EMAPA:18537
has db xref: EV:0100060
has db xref: FMA:59790
has db xref: GAID:938
has db xref: MA:0001585
has db xref: MESH:A10.336.779.464
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvqwyg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0030580
has db xref: VHOG:0000308
has db xref: galen:ParotidGland
has exact synonym: parotid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: glandula parotidea
id: UBERON:0001831
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: The mouse parotid, exorbital lacrimal gland and exocrine pancreas have similar histological appearances[ISBN10:0123813611]
subclass of: major salivary gland
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0012102
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cheek
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0008801
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: lower jaw region

sublingual gland
definition: the small mucin-producing salivary glands in the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue, anterior to the submandibular gland
UBPROP_0000001: One of a pair of small salivary glands situated under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth, beneath the tongue. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Most mammals have well-developed parotid, mandibular, and sublingual glands.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: Single lobed in mouse; largest acini of the 3 rodent salivary glands. In human and mouse, secretions are predominantly mucinous
has db xref: Sublingual gland
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0038553
has db xref: Sublingual Salivary Gland
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362176005
has db xref: BTO:0001315
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0987
has db xref: EMAPA:18809
has db xref: EV:0100062
has db xref: FMA:59791
has db xref: GAID:941
has db xref: MA:0001588
has db xref: MESH:A10.336.779.687
has db xref: UMLS:C0038553
has db xref: VHOG:0000363
has exact synonym: Rivinus' gland
has exact synonym: ductus sublingualis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Rivinus gland
has related synonym: glandula sublingualis
has related synonym: sublingual salivary gland
has related synonym: submaxillary gland
id: UBERON:0001832
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: major salivary gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0006297

lip
definition: One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth.
UBPROP_0000001: Surface structure that is one of the two fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000007: labial
has db xref: Lip
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0023759
has db xref: UBERON_0001833
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181221003
has db xref: BTO:0001647
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0558
has db xref: EMAPA:32839
has db xref: FMA:59816
has db xref: GAID:76
has db xref: MA:0000343
has db xref: MESH:A01.456.505.631.515
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0007006
has db xref: UMLS:C0023759
has db xref: VHOG:0000677
has db xref: ZFA:0007006
has db xref: galen:Lip
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: labia oris
has related synonym: lips
id: UBERON:0001833
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003102
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: oral opening
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: mouth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: mouth

upper lip
definition: Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO].
UBPROP_0000001: Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth. [ZFIN:Curator][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO]
has alternative id: UBERON:0003391
has db xref: Upper lip
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245776003
has db xref: EMAPA:17925
has db xref: FMA:59817
has db xref: MA:0000919
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWPv7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0001970
has db xref: VHOG:0001750
has db xref: ZFA:0005226
has exact synonym: upper jaw lip
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: labium superius oris
id: UBERON:0001834
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: lip
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: upper jaw region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0011592
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lip
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: upper jaw region

lower lip
definition: Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO].
UBPROP_0000001: Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO]
has alternative id: UBERON:0003392
has db xref: Lower lip
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458583
has db xref: Lower Lip
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/245777007
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001020
has db xref: EMAPA:17909
has db xref: FMA:59818
has db xref: MA:0000921
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv842UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0002060
has db xref: UMLS:C0458583
has db xref: ZFA:0005225
has exact synonym: lower jaw lip
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: labium inferius oris
id: UBERON:0001835
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: lip
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0011596
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lower jaw region
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: lip
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: lower jaw region

saliva
definition: A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions.
UBPROP_0000007: salivary
UBPROP_0000008: We classify a wide variety of not necessarily homologous fluids here. In humans, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin
has db xref: Saliva
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036087
has db xref: BTO:0001202
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0891
has db xref: ENVO:02000036
has db xref: FMA:59862
has db xref: GAID:1167
has db xref: MA:0002507
has db xref: MAT:0000444
has db xref: MESH:A12.200.666
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJ95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0036087
has db xref: galen:Saliva
has exact synonym: salivary gland secretion
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: sailva normalis
has related synonym: saliva atomaris
has related synonym: saliva molecularis
id: UBERON:0001836
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: bodily secretion

duct of salivary gland
definition: The duct of a salivary gland.
has db xref: Salivary duct
has db xref: Duct Salivary Gland System
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181238004
has db xref: BTO:0005115
has db xref: EMAPA:35750
has db xref: FMA:59908
has db xref: GAID:939
has db xref: MA:0001586
has db xref: MESH:A10.336.779.640
has exact synonym: salivary duct
has exact synonym: salivary gland duct
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: secretory duct
id: UBERON:0001837
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003928
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0014719
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels into
  some values from: mouth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: saliva
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: saliva-secreting gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: saliva-secreting gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: saliva-secreting gland
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: duct
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: saliva-secreting gland

sublingual duct
definition: A duct of a sublingual gland.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Sublingual duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281000009
has db xref: BTO:0004558
has db xref: FMA:59983
has db xref: MA:0002699
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001838
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: duct of salivary gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: sublingual gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channels from
  some values from: sublingual gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: sublingual gland
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: duct of salivary gland
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: sublingual gland

bony labyrinth
definition: A system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted].
has db xref: Bony labyrinth
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458699
has db xref: Osseous Labyrinth
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279727008
has db xref: AAO:0011078
has db xref: BTO:0004685
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2080
has db xref: EV:0100362
has db xref: FMA:60179
has db xref: MA:0000238
has db xref: UMLS:C0458699
has db xref: VHOG:0001219
has db xref: XAO:0000193
has exact synonym: osseous labyrinth
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: labyrinthus osseus
has related synonym: osseus labyrinth
id: UBERON:0001839
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Ideally we would place a spatially disjoint from relationship to membranous labyrinth, but there are many parts in common. this should be resolved.
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: petrous part of temporal bone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: internal ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004681

semicircular canal
definition: One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP].
UBPROP_0000001: Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus. These ducts are sometimes called canals, but technically the term semicircular canal applies to the spaces in the osseus labyrinth in which the semicircular ducts lie.[uncertain][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000009: detects angular acceleration
UBPROP_0000012: MA divides this into osseous and duct. In FMA, this is systemically part of the bony labyrinth. Note this is an anatomical space in ZFA. The MA treatment has advantages for representing the neuroepithelium, which should not be part of bone. Also check duct vs canal
has db xref: Semicircular canal
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036622
has db xref: Semicircular Canal
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279757004
has db xref: AAO:0011098
has db xref: BTO:0003383
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2164
has db xref: EMAPA:32832
has db xref: EV:0100365
has db xref: FMA:60186
has db xref: GAID:776
has db xref: MA:0000249
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.631.663
has db xref: TAO:0000431
has db xref: UMLS:C0036622
has db xref: VHOG:0001144
has db xref: XAO:0000198
has db xref: ZFA:0000431
has exact synonym: semicircular canals
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: canalis semicircularis
has related synonym: ductus semicirculares
has related synonym: scc
has related synonym: semicircular ducts
id: UBERON:0001840
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: tube
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: membranous labyrinth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003051
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: internal ear

anterior semicircular canal
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: develops_from anterior semicircular canal primordium (TAO:0000469)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000009: detects angular acceleration
has db xref: Anterior semicircular canal
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1288332
has db xref: Superior Semicircular Canal
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279764002
has db xref: AAO:0000058
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001959
has db xref: EHDAA:7802
has db xref: EMAPA:17299
has db xref: FMA:60187
has db xref: MA:0001207
has db xref: TAO:0000314
has db xref: UMLS:C1288332
has db xref: ZFA:0000314
has exact synonym: superior semicircular canal
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: anterior semicircular canals
has related synonym: anterior semicircular duct
has related synonym: canalis semircularis posterior
has related synonym: rostral vertical semicircular canal
id: UBERON:0001841
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: semicircular canal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: semicircular canal

posterior semicircular canal
editor note: verify AAO
UBPROP_0000001: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: develops_from posterior semicircular canal primordium (TAO:0000412)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000009: detects angular acceleration
has db xref: Posterior semicircular canal
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229454
has db xref: Posterior Semicircular Canal
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279762003
has db xref: AAO:0000420
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001489
has db xref: EHDAA:7796
has db xref: EMAPA:17296
has db xref: FMA:60190
has db xref: MA:0001209
has db xref: TAO:0000262
has db xref: UMLS:C0229454
has db xref: ZFA:0000262
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: canalis semicircularis posterior
has related synonym: caudal vertical semicircular canal
has related synonym: pars superior of labyrinth
has related synonym: posterior semicircular canals
has related synonym: posterior semicircular duct
id: UBERON:0001842
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: semicircular canal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: semicircular canal

lateral semicircular canal
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: develops_from lateral semicircular canal primordium (TAO:0000232)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000009: detects angular acceleration
has db xref: Lateral semicircular canal
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279761005
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000920
has db xref: EHDAA:7790
has db xref: EMAPA:17821
has db xref: FMA:60193
has db xref: MA:0001208
has db xref: TAO:0000220
has db xref: ZFA:0000220
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: horizontal semicircular canal
has related synonym: lateral semicircular canals
has related synonym: lateral semicircular duct
id: UBERON:0001843
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: semicircular canal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: semicircular canal

cochlea
definition: the spiral-shaped bony canal in the inner ear containing the hair cells that transduce sound. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. [WP,modified].
UBPROP_0000001: A spiral-shaped cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone of the inner ear, containing the nerve endings essential for hearing and forming one of the divisions of the labyrinth. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Because achieving high sensitivity is generally advantageous for auditory organs, it is not surprising that evidence for cochlear amplification is also seen in nonmammals. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) are narrow-band sound signals emitted from the inner ear, and it is generally assumed that their energy derives from the hair-cell molecular motors underlying cochlear amplification. However, all terrestrial vertebrates studied so far (including amphibians) show very similar SOAEs. The most parsimonious explanation for the universality of this phenomena is that some kind of amplifying mechanism is at least as old as land vertebrates themselves.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: cochlear
UBPROP_0000008: The association with 'lagena' in frog and fish comes from HOG, although HOG is inconsistent here, associating lagena with XAO cochlea and ZFA cochlear duct. NBK53175 says: 'In contrast, the ventrally located auditory chambers have undergone more extensive evolutionary modifications. The saccule and lagena are prominent auditory organs in fish but the saccule has a vestibular role in mammals and birds, and the lagena is absent in mammals. The primary au- ditory organ in mammals and birds is the cochlea, which has no known counterpart in amphibians and fish (Riley and Phillips, 2003)'
UBPROP_0000008: the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions.
UBPROP_0000012: sources vary in connection to bony labyrinth
has db xref: Cochlea
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0009195
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1278895
has db xref: birnlex 1190
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181187008
has db xref: AAO:0000253
has db xref: BTO:0000267
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0151
has db xref: EFO:0000357
has db xref: EMAPA:17597
has db xref: EV:0100363
has db xref: FMA:60201
has db xref: GAID:724
has db xref: MA:0000240
has db xref: MAT:0000144
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.631.246
has db xref: MIAA:0000144
has db xref: NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_883
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvqfJmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000374
has db xref: UMLS:C0009195
has db xref: UMLS:C1278895
has db xref: VHOG:0000691
has db xref: XAO:0000197
has db xref: ZFA:0000374
has exact synonym: cochlear part of bony labyrinth
has exact synonym: lagena
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cochleae
has related synonym: cochlear duct
has related synonym: cochlear organ
id: UBERON:0001844
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: internal ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: bony labyrinth

perilymph
definition: Transudate contained in the osseous labyrinth outside the membranous labyrinth.[FMA]
has db xref: Perilymph
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0031059
has db xref: FMA:60908
has db xref: GAID:1185
has db xref: MA:0002529
has db xref: MESH:A12.207.571.678
has db xref: TAO:0005413
has db xref: UMLS:C0031059
has db xref: ZFA:0005413
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: liquor cotunnii
has related synonym: perilympha
id: UBERON:0001845
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006586
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002278
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: membranous labyrinth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: bony labyrinth

internal ear
definition: Complex labyrinthine structure that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: The auditory (hearing) and vestibular (balance) organ of the fish, equivalent to the inner ear of amniotes. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The labyrinth, or inner ear, evolved very early in vertebrate history and, with many variations in configuration but none of basic design and function, has been retained by all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Internal ear
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0022889
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1268973
has db xref: Internal Ear
has db xref: birnlex 1196
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181189006
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/304982002
has db xref: AAO:0000238
has db xref: BTO:0000630
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0478
has db xref: EFO:0001363
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000831
has db xref: EHDAA:504
has db xref: EMAPA:16194
has db xref: EV:0100361
has db xref: FMA:60909
has db xref: GAID:871
has db xref: MA:0000237
has db xref: MAT:0000145
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.631
has db xref: MIAA:0000145
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJ8SsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000217
has db xref: UMLS:C0022889
has db xref: UMLS:C1268973
has db xref: VHOG:0000284
has db xref: XAO:0000192
has db xref: ZFA:0000217
has db xref: galen:InnerEar
has exact synonym: inner ear
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: auris interna
has related synonym: labyrinth
has related synonym: otocyst
id: UBERON:0001846
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003051
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: ear

lobule of pinna
definition: The soft lower part of the external ear, projecting below the antitragus.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000010: The earlobe is composed of tough areolar and adipose (fatty) connective tissues, lacking the firmness and elasticity of the rest of the pinna. Since the earlobe does not contain cartilage the earlobe has a large blood supply and may help to warm the ears and maintain balance but generally earlobes are not considered to have any major biological function.
has db xref: Ear lobe
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0229315
has db xref: Lobule of the Auricle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362544006
has db xref: FMA:60984
has db xref: MA:0002468
has db xref: UMLS:C0229315
has exact synonym: auricular lobule
has exact synonym: ear lobe
has exact synonym: earlobe
has exact synonym: lobe of ear
has exact synonym: lobule of auricle of ear
has exact synonym: lobulus auriculae
has exact synonym: pinna lobule
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ear lobule
has related synonym: lobule of auricle
id: UBERON:0001847
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: subdivision of head
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: external ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: UBERON_0006815
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: adipose tissue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pinna

auricular cartilage
definition: cartilage of the pinna and much of the external ear canal.
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279627003
has db xref: EMAPA:35158
has db xref: FMA:61013
has db xref: MA:0001227
has exact synonym: cartilage of pinna
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001848
type: Class
subclass of: cartilage of external ear
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: pinna
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007844
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: pinna

membranous labyrinth
definition: Organ with organ cavity which consists of the vestibular labyrinth and the cochlear labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is lodged within the bony labyrinth and has the same general form; it is, however, considerably smaller and is partly separated from the bony walls by a quantity of fluid, the perilymph.[FMA, WP]
UBPROP_0000001: A system of communicating epithelial sacs and ducts within the bony labyrinth, containing the endolymph. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The labyrinth, or inner ear, evolved very early in vertebrate history and, with many variations in configuration but none of basic design and function, has been retained by all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000012: inner ear has parts membranous and osseuous/bony labyrinth. it's not clear where the EMAPA term 'labyrinth' belong, we place them here for now
has alternative id: UBERON:0010113
has db xref: Membranous labyrinth
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0458700
has db xref: Membranous Labyrinth
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263790009
has db xref: AAO:0011060
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000899
has db xref: EHDAA:4698
has db xref: EMAPA:17815
has db xref: EV:0100367
has db xref: FMA:61022
has db xref: MA:0000242
has db xref: UMLS:C0458700
has db xref: VHOG:0000729
has db xref: XAO:0000194
has exact synonym: labyrinthus membranaceus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001849
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0004637
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: internal ear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0005641

lacrimal drainage system
definition: A collection of channels that connects the conjunctival sac with the nasal cavity, encompassing the lacrimal ducts, the lacrimal sac and the naso-lacrimal duct.
editor note: TODO - resolve lacrimal canaliculus vs larcimal duct
UBPROP_0000008: chelonians lack a lacrimal duct, and lacrimal/harderian secretions remain in or spill from the conjunctival sac[PMID:7559104]
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280426002
has db xref: EMAPA:19245
has db xref: FMA:61063
has db xref: MA:0001295
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: tear duct
id: UBERON:0001850
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: channel for
  some values from: secretion of lacrimal gland
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: nasal cavity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: UBERON_0010284
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lacrimal apparatus

cortex
definition: Outermost layer of an organ[WP].
UBPROP_0000007: cortical
UBPROP_0000012: this class is used more generically than in FMA, and includes e.g. cortex of hair
has db xref: Cortex (anatomy)
has db xref: EFO:0000383
has db xref: EHDAA:9344
has db xref: FMA:61109
has db xref: galen:Cortex
has exact synonym: cortex
has exact synonym: cortex of organ
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001851
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: upper level
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bounding layer of
  some values from: organ

endolymph
definition: Transudate contained within the membranous labyrinth.[FMA]
UBPROP_0000007: otolymphic
has db xref: Endolymph
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0014166
has db xref: FMA:61112
has db xref: GAID:1184
has db xref: MA:0002528
has db xref: MESH:A12.207.571.324
has db xref: TAO:0005414
has db xref: UMLS:C0014166
has db xref: ZFA:0005414
has exact synonym: endolymphatic fluid
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Scarpa's fluid
has related synonym: endolympha
id: UBERON:0001852
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0006586
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0011078
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007779
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: located_in
    some values from: UBERON_0011078

utricle of membranous labyrinth
definition: the larger of the two otolith organs in the vestibule
UBPROP_0000001: The portion of the membranous labyrinth of the ear into which the semicircular ducts find their outlet. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Utricle (ear)
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042158
has db xref: Utricle
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279817006
has db xref: AAO:0000625
has db xref: AAO:0011109
has db xref: BTO:0001807
has db xref: EHDAA2:0002153
has db xref: EHDAA:4726
has db xref: EMAPA:17293
has db xref: EV:0100368
has db xref: FMA:61113
has db xref: MA:0000247
has db xref: TAO:0000700
has db xref: UMLS:C0042158
has db xref: VHOG:0000289
has db xref: XAO:0000195
has db xref: ZFA:0000700
has exact synonym: membranous labyrinth utricle
has exact synonym: utricle
has exact synonym: utriculus
has exact synonym: utriculus (labyrinthus vestibularis)
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001853
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: XAO/AAO to be checked - see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5; AAO has both utricle and utriculus; these are generally considered synonyms - e.g. http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=utriculus
subclass of: UBERON_0002518

saccule of membranous labyrinth
definition: the smaller of the two otolith organs in the vestibule
UBPROP_0000001: The most ventral chamber of the membranous labyrinth. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-25, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus. (...) In all gnathostomes, the utriculus connects ventrally with a larger sac, called the sacculus (...) .[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Saccule
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036029
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279827000
has db xref: AAO:0000550
has db xref: BTO:0001805
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001769
has db xref: EHDAA:4712
has db xref: EMAPA:17290
has db xref: EV:0100369
has db xref: FMA:61116
has db xref: MA:0000246
has db xref: TAO:0000428
has db xref: UMLS:C0036029
has db xref: VHOG:0000374
has db xref: XAO:0000196
has db xref: ZFA:0000428
has exact synonym: membranous labyrinth saccule
has exact synonym: saccule
has exact synonym: sacculus
has exact synonym: sacculus (labyrinthus vestibularis)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: sacculus
id: UBERON:0001854
in subset: organ slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
comment: XAO/AAO to be checked - see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5
subclass of: UBERON_0002518

cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
definition: An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Houses the organ of Corti[WP].
editor note: TODO - check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media
UBPROP_0000001: The coiled portion of the membranous labyrinth located inside the cochlea. It contains endolymph. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus. (...) In all gnathostomes, the utriculus connects ventrally with a larger sac, called the sacculus (...) In most groups of gnathostomes, the caudoventral evagination of the sacculus forms a small lagena, and in some diapsids and mammals the lagena develops into a longer duct. The lagena becomes greatly elongated in therians and coils to form the cochlear duct.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Cochlear duct
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1281166
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1323110
has db xref: Cochlear Duct
has db xref: birnlex 2562
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279849006
has db xref: BTO:0001692
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0152
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000262
has db xref: EHDAA:4718
has db xref: EMAPA:17598
has db xref: FMA:61119
has db xref: GAID:874
has db xref: MA:0000243
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.631.246.292
has db xref: UMLS:C1281166
has db xref: UMLS:C1323110
has db xref: VHOG:0000507
has exact synonym: Reissner's canal
has exact synonym: Reissners canal
has exact synonym: cochlea duct
has exact synonym: cochlear duct
has exact synonym: scala medias
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: cochlear aqueduct
has related synonym: ductus cochlearis
has related synonym: membranous cochlea
has related synonym: scala media
has related synonym: scala of Loewenberg
id: UBERON:0001855
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: tube
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002499

semicircular duct
definition: Any of the three loop-shaped membranous inner tubular parts of the semicircular canals that are about one-fourth the diameter of the corresponding outer bony canals, that communicate at each end with the utricle, and that have near one end an expanded ampulla containing an area of sensory epithelium
editor note: TODO - check canal vs duct. see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray927.png
UBPROP_0000003: In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus (...); Gnathostome ears have a horizontal semicircular duct. This brings their complement to three semicircular ducts, a pattern retained throughout gnathostome evolution.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1323109
has db xref: Semicircular Duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279833009
has db xref: EMAPA:32830
has db xref: FMA:61122
has db xref: MA:0000251
has db xref: UMLS:C1323109
has db xref: VHOG:0000238
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus semicirculares
has related synonym: membranous semicircular canal
id: UBERON:0001856
type: Class
subclass of: tube
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: semicircular canal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vestibular labyrinth

anterior semicircular duct
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: Vertebrata is characterized by three synapomorphies. (...) Vertebrates also have at least two vertical semicircular ducts (...). In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279836001
has db xref: FMA:61123
has db xref: MA:0001211
has db xref: VHOG:0000246
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: superior semicircular duct
id: UBERON:0001857
type: Class
subclass of: semicircular duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: anterior semicircular canal

posterior semicircular duct
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: Vertebrata is characterized by three synapomorphies. (...) Vertebrates also have at least two vertical semicircular ducts (...). In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000009: detect vertical head movements
has db xref: Semicircular canal
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279835002
has db xref: FMA:61126
has db xref: MA:0001214
has db xref: VHOG:0000248
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001858
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: semicircular duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: posterior semicircular canal

lateral semicircular duct
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000003: Gnathostome ears have a horizontal semicircular duct. This brings their complement to three semicircular ducts, a pattern retained throughout gnathostome evolution. [ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.58] ; In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: Lateral semicircular duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279834003
has db xref: FMA:61129
has db xref: MA:0001213
has db xref: VHOG:0000247
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: external semicircular duct
id: UBERON:0001859
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: semicircular duct
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: lateral semicircular canal

endolymphatic duct
definition: the small membranous canal, connecting with both saccule and utricle of the membranous labyrinth, passing through the aqueduct of vestibule, and terminating in the endolymphatic sac
UBPROP_0000001: Duct that is part of the inner ear and connects to the semicircular canals ending in a pouch.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000007: endoymphatic
has db xref: Endolymphatic duct
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362567008
has db xref: AAO:0000135
has db xref: EMAPA:18580
has db xref: FMA:61246
has db xref: GAID:886
has db xref: MA:0001187
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.631.909.957.360
has db xref: TAO:0002194
has db xref: ZFA:0001705
has exact synonym: ductus endolymphaticus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: ductus endolymphaticus
id: UBERON:0001860
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: tube
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: membranous labyrinth

ductus reuniens
definition: The canalis reuniens of Hansen is part of the human inner ear. It connects the lower part of the saccule to the ductus cochlearis near its vestibular extremity.
has db xref: Canalis reuniens of Hensen
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279805009
has db xref: EMAPA:17287
has db xref: FMA:61252
has db xref: MA:0000244
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Hensen duct
has related synonym: Hensen's duct
has related synonym: canal of Henson
has related synonym: canalis reuniens
has related synonym: canalis reuniens of Hensen
id: UBERON:0001861
type: Class
subclass of: tube
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: saccule of membranous labyrinth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: vestibular labyrinth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: connects
  some values from: cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

vestibular labyrinth
definition: The part of the membranous labyrinth that includes the utricle and saccule lodged within the vestibule and the semicircular ducts lodged eccentrically in the corresponding canals.
has broad synonym: vestibular component
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042606
has db xref: Vestibular Labyrinth
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181188003
has db xref: BTO:0001856
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0479
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000832
has db xref: EHDAA:4706
has db xref: EMAPA:17286
has db xref: EMAPA:17815
has db xref: FMA:61255
has db xref: MA:0000245
has db xref: UMLS:C0042606
has db xref: XAO:0004145
has exact synonym: inner ear vestibular component
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: labyrinthus vestibularis
has related synonym: vestibular apparatus
id: UBERON:0001862
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: membranous labyrinth

scala vestibuli
definition: the division of the spiral canal of the cochlea lying on the apical side of the spiral lamina and vestibular membrane
has db xref: Scala vestibuli
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362578000
has db xref: EMAPA:35753
has db xref: FMA:61269
has db xref: MA:0001206
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001863
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: UBERON_0011060
subclass of: UBERON_0013685
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cochlea
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: cochlea
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002278

scala tympani
definition: the division of the spiral canal of the cochlea lying on the basal side of the spiral lamina
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: Scala tympani
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362579008
has db xref: EMAPA:35752
has db xref: FMA:61272
has db xref: GAID:879
has db xref: MA:0001205
has db xref: MESH:A09.246.631.246.848
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001864
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004120
subclass of: UBERON_0010313
subclass of: UBERON_0011060
subclass of: UBERON_0013685
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: cochlea
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002278
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cochlea

cartilaginous external acoustic tube
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: FMA:61289
has db xref: MA:0001234
has exact synonym: cartilaginous external acoustic meatus
has exact synonym: cartilaginous part of external acoustic meatus
has exact synonym: external acoustic meatus cartilaginous part
has exact synonym: meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001865
type: Class
subclass of: anatomical cluster
subclass of: UBERON_0004119
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: external acoustic meatus

sebum
definition: Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands, and made of made of triglyceride oils, wax, squalene, and metabolytes of fat-producing cells[BTO,WP].
UBPROP_0000008: The composition of sebum varies across species. In humans, the lipid content is as follows: 25% wax monoesters, 41% triglycerides, 16% free fatty acids, 12% squalene; Sapienic acid is a sebum fatty acid that is unique to humans.
has db xref: Sebum
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0036511
has db xref: BTO:0001981
has db xref: ENVO:02000037
has db xref: FMA:61304
has db xref: GAID:1168
has db xref: MA:0002538
has db xref: MESH:A12.200.702
has db xref: UMLS:C0036511
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001866
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: bodily secretion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: produced_by
  some values from: sebaceous gland
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: bodily secretion
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: produced_by
    some values from: sebaceous gland

cartilage of external ear
definition: A cartilage that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0013445
has db xref: External Ear Cartilage
has db xref: FMA:61339
has db xref: GAID:103
has db xref: MA:0001886
has db xref: MESH:A02.165.207
has db xref: UMLS:C0013445
has exact synonym: auricular region cartilage
has exact synonym: auricular region of head cartilage
has exact synonym: cartilage of auricular region
has exact synonym: cartilage of auricular region of head
has exact synonym: cartilage of outer ear
has exact synonym: external ear cartilage
has exact synonym: outer ear cartilage
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001867
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0007844
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed_primarily_of
  some values from: UBERON_0001996
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: external ear
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0007844
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: external ear

skin of chest
definition: A zone of skin that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].
editor note: check FMA:61415
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/181496004
has db xref: FMA:61416
has db xref: MA:0000553
has exact synonym: anterior thoracic region zone of skin
has exact synonym: anterolateral part of thorax zone of skin
has exact synonym: chest skin
has exact synonym: chest zone of skin
has exact synonym: front of thorax zone of skin
has exact synonym: zone of skin of anterior chest
has exact synonym: zone of skin of anterior part of thorax
has exact synonym: zone of skin of anterior thoracic region
has exact synonym: zone of skin of anterolateral part of thorax
has exact synonym: zone of skin of chest
has exact synonym: zone of skin of front of thorax
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: zone of skin of pectoral part of chest
id: UBERON:0001868
type: Class
subclass of: skin of thorax
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: chest
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: zone of skin
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: chest

cerebral hemisphere
definition: One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA]
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the telencephalon consisting of either of the two smooth, elongated halves of the cerebrum.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: The presence of paired evaginated hemispheres and olfactory bulbs in both agnathan and gnathostome radiations suggests that such hemispheres were also present in the common ancestor.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Cerebral hemisphere
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228174
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0242202
has db xref: Cerebral Hemisphere
has db xref: birnlex 1042
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/278251007
has db xref: AAO:0010480
has db xref: BAMS:HEM
has db xref: BTO:0000231
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2007
has db xref: DMBA:15739
has db xref: EFO:0002521
has db xref: EMAPA:16653
has db xref: FMA:61817
has db xref: MA:0000133
has db xref: MBA:403
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvigx5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0228174
has db xref: UMLS:C0242202
has db xref: VHOG:0001639
has db xref: galen:CerebralHemisphere
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Hemispheric regions
has related synonym: cerebrum
has related synonym: hemisphere
has related synonym: hemispherium cerebri
has related synonym: medial amygdalar nucleus
has related synonym: nucleus amygdaloideus medialis
has related synonym: nucleus medialis amygdalae
has related synonym: telencephalic vesicle
id: UBERON:0001869
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: UBERON_0015212
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: telencephalon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: brain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_lateral_side_of
  some values from: telencephalon

frontal cortex
definition: Anterior portion of the frontal cortex, lying anterior to the central sulcus. It is bounded by the parietal cortex posteriorly and the temporal cortex laterally.
has broad synonym: frontal lobe
has db xref: Frontal lobe
has db xref: nlx anat 20090601
has db xref: BTO:0000484
has db xref: DMBA:16002
has db xref: EMAPA:35357
has db xref: FMA:242199
has db xref: GAID:674
has db xref: MA:0000905
has exact synonym: cortex of frontal lobe
has exact synonym: frontal lobe cortex
has exact synonym: gray matter of frontal lobe
has exact synonym: grey matter of frontal lobe
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001870
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0016529
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0016525
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0005401
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0016525

temporal lobe
definition: Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH)
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Temporal lobe
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039485
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1268978
has db xref: Temporal Lobe
has db xref: birnlex 1160
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/180921000
has db xref: BAMS:TL
has db xref: BAMS:Temporal_lobe
has db xref: BM:Tel-Cx-Te
has db xref: BTO:0001355
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1020
has db xref: DHBA:12139
has db xref: DMBA:16044
has db xref: EFO:0000917
has db xref: EMAPA:18797
has db xref: EV:0100169
has db xref: FMA:61825
has db xref: GAID:635
has db xref: HBA:4132
has db xref: MA:0000941
has db xref: MAT:0000508
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.863
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQLi-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0039485
has db xref: UMLS:C1268978
has exact synonym: lobus temporalis
has narrow synonym: temporal cortex
has narrow synonym: temporal neocortex
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001871
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: Boundary notes: It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe. [Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe]
subclass of: UBERON_0016526
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: telencephalon

parietal lobe
definition: Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH)
has broad synonym: parietal region
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Parietal lobe
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030560
has db xref: Parietal Lobe of the Brain
has db xref: birnlex 1148
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/180922007
has db xref: BAMS:Parietal_lobe
has db xref: BTO:0001001
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0747
has db xref: DHBA:12131
has db xref: DMBA:16016
has db xref: EFO:0000914
has db xref: EMAPA:35667
has db xref: EV:0100168
has db xref: FMA:61826
has db xref: GAID:680
has db xref: HBA:4084
has db xref: MA:0000916
has db xref: MAT:0000506
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.670
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvg-typwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0030560
has exact synonym: regio parietalis
has narrow synonym: parietal cortex
has narrow synonym: parietal neocortex
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: lobus parietalis
id: UBERON:0001872
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0016526
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adjacent_to
  some values from: temporal lobe
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: telencephalon

caudate nucleus
definition: Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species.
UBPROP_0000001: Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent[FMA:61833].
has alternative id: UBERON:0010122
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Caudate nucleus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007461
has db xref: Caudate Nucleus
has db xref: birnlex 1373
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279297002
has db xref: BAMS:CA
has db xref: BAMS:Cd
has db xref: BM:Tel-CA
has db xref: BTO:0000211
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0121
has db xref: DHBA:10334
has db xref: DMBA:15855
has db xref: EFO:0000907
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004461
has db xref: EMAPA:18207
has db xref: EV:0100185
has db xref: FMA:61833
has db xref: GAID:670
has db xref: HBA:4278
has db xref: MA:0000894
has db xref: MAT:0000513
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487.550.184
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvyAjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: PBA:10082
has db xref: UMLS:C0007461
has exact synonym: caudatus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: Ammon horn fields
has related synonym: caudatum
has related synonym: nucleus caudatus
id: UBERON:0001873
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005383
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0005383
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: corpus striatum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005382
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002435

putamen
definition: Subcortical nucleus of telencephalic , which together with the caudate nucleus, forms the striatum. The putamen lies lateral to the internal capsule and medial to the external medullary lamina, and is separated from the caudate nucleus by the fibers of the internal capsule for most of its length, except at its anterior portion.
editor note: check - rodents. The caudate nucleus and putamen are separated by a clear white matter bundle in most species but not in rodents (MM)
UBPROP_0000001: Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule. The putamen and caudate nucleus together form the dorsal striatum. It is also one of the structures that comprises the basal ganglia. Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra and globus pallidus. The main function of the putamen is to regulate movements and influence various types of learning. It employs dopamine to perform its functions. The putamen also plays a role in degenerative neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease[Wikipedia:Putamen].
UBPROP_0000003: All nuclei of the mammalian basal ganglia are also present in the oldest vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Putamen
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0034169
has db xref: birnlex 809
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/281512002
has db xref: BAMS:PU
has db xref: BAMS:Pu
has db xref: BM:Tel-Pu
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2041
has db xref: DHBA:10338
has db xref: DMBA:15857
has db xref: EMAPA:35719
has db xref: EV:0100187
has db xref: FMA:61834
has db xref: GAID:671
has db xref: HBA:4287
has db xref: MA:0000895
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487.550.784
has db xref: PBA:10086
has db xref: UMLS:C0034169
has db xref: VHOG:0001456
has exact synonym: nucleus putamen
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001874
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002435
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005383
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0005383
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral hemisphere

globus pallidus
definition: Subcortical nucleus, functionally part of the basal ganglia, which consists of two segments the external (or lateral) and internal (or medial) separated by the medial medullary lamina in primates. In rodents, The globus pallidus lateral is separated from the medial segment by the fibers of the internal capsule/cerebral peduncle.
UBPROP_0000001: Nucleus of brain which is located medially to the putamen and laterally to the internal capsule[FMA][FMA:61835].
UBPROP_0000007: pallidal
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Globus pallidus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017651
has db xref: Globus Pallidus
has db xref: birnlex 1234
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362361005
has db xref: BAMS:GP
has db xref: BTO:0002246
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2013
has db xref: DHBA:10342
has db xref: EFO:0000905
has db xref: EMAPA:35380
has db xref: EV:0100188
has db xref: FMA:61835
has db xref: GAID:668
has db xref: HBA:4293
has db xref: MA:0000890
has db xref: MAT:0000510
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487.397
has db xref: PBA:10097
has db xref: UMLS:C0017651
has exact synonym: pale body
has exact synonym: paleostriatum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: globus pallidus (Burdach)
has related synonym: nucleus pallidus
has related synonym: pallidium
has related synonym: pallidum
id: UBERON:0001875
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: BTO and MA are inconsistent w.r.t striatum and pallidum being non-overlapping as in ABA. Note that we have pallidum as part_of basal gangion, so we can make the direct link to basal ganglion. ISBN10:1588900649 says: ... a derivative of the diencephalon, seperates as a result of growing fibers of theinternal capsule and is finally displaced into telencephalon. only a small medial remnannt remains, the entopeduncular nucleus. The globus pallidus should be regarded as part of the subthalamus
subclass of: UBERON_0009663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0010011
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002420
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral hemisphere
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002263
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from_part_of
  some values from: diencephalon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0006514

amygdala
definition: Subcortical brain region lying anterior to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe and anterior to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in some species. It is usually subdivided into several groups. Functionally, it is not considered a unitary structure (MM).
UBPROP_0000001: Subdivision of basal ganglion of telencephalon which is an almond-shaped gray mass in the dorsomedial part of the temporal lobe[FMA:61841]
UBPROP_0000003: One part of the striatum is called the archistriatum. (...) The archistriatum of fishes consists of several indistinctly segregated nuclei called the amygdaloid (...) complex. Tetrapods retain the structure, and in mammals the corresponding amygdala is a globular mass that tends to be ventral to the other basal nuclei.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: amygdalar
UBPROP_0000012: MA and FMA differ on relationship to basal ganglion. The FMA text def suggests a subdivision, but it is classified as a subtype
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Amygdala
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0002708
has db xref: birnlex 1241
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279404004
has db xref: BAMS:AMY
has db xref: BAMS:Amg
has db xref: BAMS:Amy
has db xref: BAMS:Amygdala
has db xref: BAMS:Amygdaloid_complex
has db xref: BM:Tel-Am
has db xref: BTO:0001042
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0037
has db xref: DHBA:10361
has db xref: EFO:0000252
has db xref: EMAPA:32672
has db xref: EMAPA:36051
has db xref: EV:0100189
has db xref: EV:0100190
has db xref: FMA:61841
has db xref: GAID:616
has db xref: HBA:4327
has db xref: MA:0000887
has db xref: MAT:0000289
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.090
has db xref: MIAA:0000289
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJC_2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: PBA:4002
has db xref: UMLS:C0002708
has db xref: VHOG:0001277
has exact synonym: amygdaloid body
has exact synonym: amygdaloid complex
has exact synonym: amygdaloid nuclear complex
has exact synonym: amygdaloid nuclear groups
has exact synonym: archistriatum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: amygdaloid area
has related synonym: amygdaloid nuclear group
has related synonym: amygdaloid nucleus
has related synonym: corpus amygdalae
has related synonym: corpus amygdaloideum
has related synonym: nucleus amygdalae
id: UBERON:0001876
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002420
subclass of: UBERON_0016538
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral hemisphere
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: temporal lobe
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: limbic system

medial septal nucleus
definition: Cells lying generally in front of Regional_part_of_septal_nuclei, lying ventral to and slightly medial to the lateral septal nucleus. Neurons in this nucleus give rise to the bulk of efferents from the septal nuclei. A major projection from the medial septal nucleus terminates in the hippocampal formation (Adapted from Brodal, 1981).
UBPROP_0000001: A nucleus in the septal area, coextensive with the diagonal band of Broca; it has afferent and cholinergic efferent connections with a variety of forebrain and brain stem areas including the hippocampus, the lateral hypothalamus, the tegmentum, and the amygdaloid bodies.
UBPROP_0000001: The medial septal nucleus is one of the septal nuclei. It plays a role in the generation of theta waves[Wikipedia:Medial_septal_nucleus].
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Medial septal nucleus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0175233
has db xref: birnlex 1668
has db xref: BAMS:MS
has db xref: BAMS:SMN
has db xref: BM:Tel-Spt-SMN
has db xref: BTO:0002446
has db xref: DHBA:10351
has db xref: DMBA:15764
has db xref: EMAPA:35553
has db xref: FMA:61879
has db xref: HBA:4302
has db xref: MA:0000935
has db xref: MBA:564
has db xref: UMLS:C0175233
has exact synonym: medial parolfactory nucleus
has narrow synonym: medial septum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: medial septal nucleus (Cajal)
has related synonym: medial septum nucleus
has related synonym: n. septi medialis
has related synonym: nucleus medialis septi
has related synonym: nucleus septalis medialis
id: UBERON:0001877
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007629
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002308
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0007629

septofimbrial nucleus
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0694603
has db xref: birnlex 730
has db xref: BAMS:SF
has db xref: BAMS:SFN
has db xref: BAMS:SFi
has db xref: BM:SFN
has db xref: DHBA:13032
has db xref: DMBA:15780
has db xref: EMAPA:35767
has db xref: FMA:61881
has db xref: MA:0000938
has db xref: MBA:310
has db xref: UMLS:C0694603
has exact synonym: nucleus septofibrialis
has exact synonym: scattered nucleus of the septum
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: nucleus septalis fimbrialis
has related synonym: nucleus septofimbrialis
id: UBERON:0001878
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002663

nucleus of diagonal band
definition: A brain structure that is part of the septal nuclear complex. It is connected with the hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Nucleus of diagonal band
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0175227
has db xref: Nucleus of Diagonal Band
has db xref: birnlex 719
has db xref: BAMS:DB
has db xref: BAMS:NDB
has db xref: DHBA:10354
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004708
has db xref: EMAPA:35598
has db xref: FMA:61882
has db xref: HBA:4309
has db xref: MA:0000936
has db xref: MBA:596
has db xref: UMLS:C0175227
has exact synonym: diagonal band nucleus
has exact synonym: nucleus of the diagonal band of broca
has exact synonym: olfactory area (roberts)
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: area olfactoria (Roberts)
has related synonym: diagonal nucleus
has related synonym: nuclei of horizontal and vertical limbs of diagonal band
has related synonym: nucleus fasciculi diagonalis Brocae
has related synonym: nucleus of the diagonal band
id: UBERON:0001879
type: Class
subclass of: medial septal nucleus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007629

bed nucleus of stria terminalis
definition: A brain structure in the forebrain wrapped around the stria terminalis. It's largest extent can be found around the crossing of the anterior commissure[INCF].
has broad synonym: BST
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228365
has db xref: birnlex 724
has db xref: BAMS:BST
has db xref: BAMS:Bed.n.term.
has db xref: BAMS:ST
has db xref: BAMS:StT
has db xref: BAMS:bst
has db xref: BAMS:stb
has db xref: BM:BNST
has db xref: BTO:0002698
has db xref: DHBA:10384
has db xref: EFO:0001971
has db xref: EMAPA:35169
has db xref: FMA:61884
has db xref: HBA:4313
has db xref: MA:0000925
has db xref: MBA:351
has db xref: UMLS:C0228365
has db xref: XAO:0004541
has exact synonym: bed nuclei of the stria terminalis
has exact synonym: bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
has exact synonym: bed nucleus stria terminalis (Johnson)
has exact synonym: bed nucleus striae terminalis
has exact synonym: intercalate nucleus of stria terminalis
has exact synonym: interstitial nucleus of stria terminalis
has exact synonym: nuclei of stria terminalis
has exact synonym: nucleus of stria terminalis
has exact synonym: nucleus striae terminalis
has exact synonym: stria terminalis nucleus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: bed nuclei of the stria terminalis
has related synonym: nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis
has related synonym: nucleus of the stria terminalis
has related synonym: nucleus proprius stria terminalis (bed nucleus)
id: UBERON:0001880
in subset: efo slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002743
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: surrounds
  some values from: UBERON_0003029

island of Calleja
definition: One of the seven small groups of granule cells in the polymorph layer of the olfactory tubercle and one large group, the insula magna, which lies along the border between septum, nucleus accumbens and nucleus of the diagonal band.
UBPROP_0000008: The islands of Calleja are located within the olfactory tubercle in most species; however, in primates these islands are located within the nucleus accumbens, since the olfactory tubercle is absent or extremely rudimentary in the brains of primates
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Islands of Calleja
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0262264
has db xref: birnlex 1113
has db xref: BAMS:ICj
has db xref: BAMS:IClj
has db xref: BAMS:ISC
has db xref: BAMS:isl
has db xref: BM:Tel-ISC
has db xref: DHBA:10358
has db xref: EMAPA:35452
has db xref: FMA:61888
has db xref: GAID:632
has db xref: HBA:265504792
has db xref: MA:0000977
has db xref: MBA:481
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.699.400
has db xref: PBA:10095
has db xref: UMLS:C0262264
has exact synonym: Calleja island
has exact synonym: islands of Calleja
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: insula callejae
has related synonym: insulae olfactoriae
has related synonym: islands of Calleja (olfactory tubercle)
id: UBERON:0001881
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: olfactory tubercle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: nucleus accumbens
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral hemisphere

nucleus accumbens
definition: A region of the brain consisting of a collection of neurons located in the forebrain ventral to the caudate and putamen. (caudoputamen in rodent) and continuous with these structures. There is no distinct boundary between the nucleus accumbens and the caudate/putamen, but in rodents, it can be identified by its lack of traversing fiber bundles in comparison to the dorsal striatum. Its principle neuron is the medium spiny neuron. Together with the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the nucleus accumbens forms the striatum.
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 8782
UBPROP_0000001: a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia[GO][GO:0021768].
UBPROP_0000008: The ventral striatopallidal complex in birds corresponds closely to its counterpart in mammals, with a nucleus accumbes present in the rostral telenceaphalon. Note that in birds, a region previously called the nucleus accumbens is now recognized as the lateral part of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis.[ISBN10:0471888893]
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Nucleus accumbens
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0028633
has db xref: Accumbens Nucleus
has db xref: birnlex 727
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/427667007
has db xref: BAMS:ACB
has db xref: BAMS:ACC
has db xref: BAMS:Acb
has db xref: BM:Ac
has db xref: BTO:0001862
has db xref: DHBA:10339
has db xref: EFO:0000906
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004707
has db xref: EMAPA:32789
has db xref: FMA:61889
has db xref: GAID:672
has db xref: HBA:4290
has db xref: MA:0000892
has db xref: MAT:0000512
has db xref: MBA:56
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.683
has db xref: PBA:10092
has db xref: UMLS:C0028633
has exact synonym: accumbens nucleus
has exact synonym: colliculus of caudate nucleus
has exact synonym: nucleus accumbens septi
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: colliculus nuclei caudati
id: UBERON:0001882
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: limbic system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005403
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0005403
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral hemisphere

olfactory tubercle
definition: Region in the ventral telencephalon, prominent in rodents, but present in all mammals, consisting of a laminated cortical part and the cap/hilus region. It is traditionally viewed as part of the olfactory cortex but recognized by some as having a striatal character. According to many authors, the structure of the OT transitions from cortical like to striatal like along the lateral medial axis. (Maryann Martone)
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 9443
UBPROP_0000001: The olfactory tubercle is a structure involved in Olfaction. It is present in humans, but much smaller than it is in some other animals. It is a frequent subject of research.
UBPROP_0000008: Absent in primates
has db xref: Olfactory tubercle
has db xref: nlx anat 1005037
has db xref: BAMS:DLT
has db xref: BAMS:OLT
has db xref: BAMS:OT
has db xref: BAMS:Tu
has db xref: BM:Tel-OLT
has db xref: BTO:0001869
has db xref: DHBA:10310
has db xref: EHDAA2:0004701
has db xref: EMAPA:35616
has db xref: EV:0100177
has db xref: HBA:10145
has db xref: MA:0000976
has db xref: MBA:754
has db xref: PBA:10096
has db xref: VHOG:0001625
has exact synonym: tuberculum olfactorium
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001883
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0009663
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002894
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002894
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005401

phrenic nerve
definition: A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium.
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
UBPROP_0000001: A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. [TFD][VHOG]
has db xref: Phrenic nerve
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0031774
has db xref: Phrenic Nerve
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280344009
has db xref: BAMS:phn
has db xref: BTO:0001063
has db xref: EHDAA:4677
has db xref: EMAPA:17813
has db xref: FMA:6191
has db xref: GAID:848
has db xref: MA:0001170
has db xref: MESH:A08.800.800.720.150.700
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvtmdUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: UMLS:C0031774
has db xref: VHOG:0000728
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: diaphragmatic nerve
has related synonym: nervus phrenicus
has related synonym: phrenic
id: UBERON:0001884
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003443
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: supplies
  some values from: diaphragm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: branching_part_of
  some values from: nerve of cervical vertebra
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_in
  some values from: UBERON_0002224
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: nerve
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: supplies
    some values from: diaphragm

dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation
definition: Part of the hippocampal formation forming a 'V' or 'U' shaped structure with the opening bounded by hippocampal area CA3. It consists of 3 layers from superficial to deep: molecular, granule cell and polymorphic or hilar layer.
UBPROP_0000001: The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus[GO][GO:0021542].
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Dentate gyrus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0152314
has db xref: Dentate Gyrus
has db xref: birnlex 1178
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279211002
has db xref: BAMS:DG
has db xref: BM:Tel-DG
has db xref: BTO:0002496
has db xref: BTO:0002615
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2388
has db xref: DMBA:16115
has db xref: EFO:0001366
has db xref: EMAPA:19037
has db xref: FMA:61922
has db xref: GAID:624
has db xref: HBA:12891
has db xref: MA:0000190
has db xref: MBA:726
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.577.405.200
has db xref: UMLS:C0152314
has exact synonym: area dentata
has exact synonym: dentate gyrus
has narrow synonym: fascia dentata
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: gyrus dentatus
has related synonym: hippocampal dentate gyrus
id: UBERON:0001885
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: BTO says dentate gyrus = fascia dentata + hilus. Note that GO classifies dentate gyrus development under hippocampus development
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002421

choroid plexus
definition: A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces.
editor note: TODO - check relationship to ventricle. Check subclass - ZFA says vasculature. Note that FMA:61934 (choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere) has exact synonym 'choroid plexus' but it is not clear that this belongs here, as the fourth ventricle is not in the cerebral hemisphere
UBPROP_0000001: A tuft of capillaries that project into the ventricles of the brain and secretes cerebral spinal fluid. The choroid plexus is covered by a cuboidal epithelium which maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Fringe of the tela choroidea of the brain ventricles[MP]
UBPROP_0000007: choroidal
has broad synonym: CP
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Choroid plexus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0008524
has db xref: Choroid Plexus
has db xref: UBERON_0001886
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264450003
has db xref: BAMS:CHP
has db xref: BAMS:GHP
has db xref: BAMS:chp
has db xref: BAMS:chpl
has db xref: BTO:0000258
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0145
has db xref: EFO:0001915
has db xref: EMAPA:32741
has db xref: FMA:61934
has db xref: GAID:607
has db xref: MA:0000823
has db xref: MBA:108
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.276.298
has db xref: TAO:0001443
has db xref: UMLS:C0008524
has db xref: VHOG:0001377
has db xref: ZFA:0001443
has exact synonym: chorioid plexus
has exact synonym: plexus choroideus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
has related synonym: plexus choroideus
has related synonym: ventricular choroid plexus
id: UBERON:0001886
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0003947
subclass of: UBERON_0005629
subclass of: UBERON_0006876
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0004086
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0003947
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005283

internal capsule of telencephalon
definition: White matter regional part of brain which is flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers projecting between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem and spinal cord. It consists of three distinct parts: an anterior limb, posterior limb, and genu. (Adapted from MSH by Maryann Martone).
has db xref: Internal capsule
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0152341
has db xref: Internal Capsule
has db xref: birnlex 1659
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/85637007
has db xref: BAMS:ic
has db xref: BAMS:int
has db xref: BM:IC
has db xref: DHBA:10581
has db xref: DMBA:17770
has db xref: EMAPA:18206
has db xref: EMAPA:35437
has db xref: FMA:61950
has db xref: GAID:685
has db xref: HBA:9263
has db xref: MA:0002748
has db xref: MBA:6
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.435
has db xref: PBA:10102
has db xref: UMLS:C0152341
has exact synonym: internal capsule
has exact synonym: internal capsule radiations
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: capsula interna
id: UBERON:0001887
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002437
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: cerebral hemisphere

lateral olfactory stria
definition: White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex (Maryann Martone).
UBPROP_0000008: In mammals the fibers of the dorsal lateral olfactory tract either pass under the accessory olfactory formation, or they penetrate through it separating the internal granule cells from the output cells.
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Lateral olfactory stria
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0152330
has db xref: birnlex 1559
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369107001
has db xref: BAMS:LDTR
has db xref: BAMS:LOTR
has db xref: BAMS:lo
has db xref: BAMS:lot
has db xref: BM:Tel-LOT
has db xref: DHBA:12075
has db xref: DMBA:17773
has db xref: EV:0100175
has db xref: FMA:61971
has db xref: HBA:265505514
has db xref: MBA:665
has db xref: UMLS:C0152330
has exact synonym: tractus olfactorius lateralis
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: LOT
has related synonym: lateral olfactory stria
has related synonym: lateral olfactory tract
has related synonym: lateral olfactory tract, body
has related synonym: lateral olfactory tract. body
has related synonym: olfactory tract
has related synonym: stria olfactoria lateralis
has related synonym: tractus olfactorius lateralis
id: UBERON:0001888
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0034730
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0002894
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002265
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_part
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: part_of
      some values from: UBERON_0002894

trunk of phrenic nerve
editor note: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001463
has db xref: FMA:6198
has db xref: MA:0001177
has exact synonym: phrenic nerve trunk
has exact synonym: phrenic neural trunk
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001889
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0005476
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: phrenic nerve
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0002464
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: phrenic nerve

forebrain
definition: The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon.
UBPROP_0000001: Most anterior of the three regions of the brain consisting of the telencephalon and diencephalon.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: develops_from forebrain neural tube (TAO:0007041)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: In craniate embryos, neural expression of Distal-less-related genes is exclusively in the forebrain (...). Because the major neural expression domain of amphioxus AmphiDll is in the anterior three-fourths of the cerebral vesicle, we suggest that this region of the neural tube is homologous to parts of the craniate forebrain. This conclusion is strongly supported by three-dimensional, computer-assisted reconstruction of the neural tube of amphioxus based on serial transmission electron microscopy. At the neuroanatomical level, a number of detailed homologies are indicated between the anterior three-fourths of the amphioxus cerebral vesicle and the diencephalic region of the craniate forebrain. If one assumes that the amphioxus condition fairly represents the nervous system of the proximate ancestor of the craniates, one can suggest that they evolved from a creature that had the beginnings of a forebrain.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: prosencephalic
has broad synonym: FB
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Forebrain
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0085140
has db xref: Fore-Brain
has db xref: Prosencephalon
has db xref: birnlex 1509
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362291003
has db xref: AAO:0010147
has db xref: BAMS:FB
has db xref: BAMS:Forebrain
has db xref: BTO:0000478
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0380
has db xref: DHBA:10156
has db xref: DMBA:15566
has db xref: EFO:0000909
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000556
has db xref: EHDAA:3470
has db xref: EMAPA:16895
has db xref: FMA:61992
has db xref: MA:0000170
has db xref: MAT:0000105
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730
has db xref: MIAA:0000105
has db xref: TAO:0000109
has db xref: UMLS:C0085140
has db xref: VHOG:0000383
has db xref: XAO:0000011
has db xref: ZFA:0000109
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: prosencephalon
id: UBERON:0001890
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: brain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: brain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: develops_from
  some values from: UBERON_0003080
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0006240

midbrain
definition: Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the tectum, cerebral peduncle, midbrain tegmentum and cerebral aqueduct[FMA]. The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally[ZFA]. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO].
editor note: developmental relationships need revised
UBPROP_0000001: Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: mesencephalic
UBPROP_0000012: part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN10:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships
has broad synonym: MB
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Midbrain
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0025462
has db xref: Mesencephalon
has db xref: birnlex 1667
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279099009
has db xref: AAO:0010149
has db xref: BAMS:MES
has db xref: BM:MB
has db xref: BTO:0000138
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0630
has db xref: DHBA:10648
has db xref: DMBA:16649
has db xref: EFO:0000919
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001162
has db xref: EHDAA:3694
has db xref: EMAPA:16974
has db xref: EV:0100242
has db xref: FMA:61993
has db xref: HBA:9001
has db xref: MA:0000207
has db xref: MAT:0000106
has db xref: MBA:313
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.659
has db xref: MIAA:0000106
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvsBUqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104
has db xref: TAO:0000128
has db xref: UMLS:C0025462
has db xref: VHOG:0000069
has db xref: XAO:0000014
has db xref: ZFA:0000128
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: mesencephalon
id: UBERON:0001891
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0009616
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003849
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: brain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: brain

rhombomere
definition: A segment of the developing hindbrain[ZFA]. In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure.[WP].
UBPROP_0000001: A segment of the developing hindbrain. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Rhombomeric segmentation is found in all living vertebrates and is of fundamental importance to the development of the vertebrate head.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000008: In human embryonic development, the rhombomeres are present by day 29
UBPROP_0000012: DHBA divides this into A(1-3),B(4),C(5-7) and D(8)
has broad synonym: hindbrain segment
has broad synonym: segment of hindbrain
has db xref: Rhombomere
has db xref: DHBA:12664
has db xref: EFO:0003617
has db xref: EMAPA:16148
has db xref: EMAPA:16478
has db xref: MAT:0000272
has db xref: MIAA:0000272
has db xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000669
has db xref: TAO:0001064
has db xref: VHOG:0000672
has db xref: XAO:0004079
has db xref: ZFA:0001064
has exact synonym: hindbrain neuromere
has exact synonym: hindbrain neuromeres
has exact synonym: rhombomere
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: future rhombencephalon
has related synonym: rhombomeres
id: UBERON:0001892
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0004731
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0007277
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: UBERON_0004731
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part_of
    some values from: UBERON_0007277

telencephalon
definition: Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.
UBPROP_0000001: Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, septum and fornix, as well as subcortical gray and white matter structures[FMA:62000].
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The anterior and dorsal forebrain neuromere, includes the olfactory bulb. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000002: relationship loss: develops_from presumptive telencephalon (TAO:0000571)[TAO]
UBPROP_0000003: From an evolutionary standpoint, the telencephalon is the most recent brain structure: the amphioxus does not have this structure as a morphological entity. Overt telencephalon is present in the hagfish and lamprey to receive numerous input fibers from various parts of the CNS, similar to gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: cerebral
UBPROP_0000007: telenencephalic
UBPROP_0000008: In mammals the cortex covers almost the whole of the cerebral hemispheres.
UBPROP_0000008: In ray-finned fishes the inner surfaces of the lateral and ventral regions of the cerebrum bulge up into the ventricles.
UBPROP_0000008: In the amniotes, the cerebrum becomes increasingly large and complex. In reptiles, the paleopallium is much larger than in amphibians, and its growth has pushed the basal nuclei into the central regions of the cerebrum.
UBPROP_0000008: In the most primitive living vertebrates, the hagfishes and lampreys, the cerebrum is a relatively simple structure receiving nerve impulses from the olfactory bulb.
UBPROP_0000008: The cerebrum of birds has evolved along different lines to that of mammals, although they are similarly enlarged, by comparison with reptiles. However, this enlargement is largely due to the basal ganglia, with the other areas remaining relatively primitive in structure.
UBPROP_0000008: dolphins are the only species (other than humans) to have cerebra accounting for as much as 2 percent of their body weight.
has broad synonym: supratentorial region
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Telencephalon
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039452
has db xref: birnlex 1115
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/263353005
has db xref: AAO:0010479
has db xref: BAMS:CB
has db xref: BAMS:CH
has db xref: BAMS:IV
has db xref: BAMS:Tel
has db xref: BM:Tel
has db xref: BTO:0000239
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1018
has db xref: DHBA:10158
has db xref: EFO:0000912
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001982
has db xref: EMAPA:16652
has db xref: EMAPA:16910
has db xref: EV:0100165
has db xref: FMA:62000
has db xref: GAID:621
has db xref: HBA:4007
has db xref: MA:0000183
has db xref: MAT:0000421
has db xref: MBA:567
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.885
has db xref: MIAA:0000421
has db xref: PBA:128011350
has db xref: TAO:0000079
has db xref: UMLS:C0039452
has db xref: VHOG:0000283
has db xref: XAO:0000012
has db xref: ZFA:0000079
has exact synonym: cerebrum
has exact synonym: endbrain
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001893
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: forebrain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0014371

diencephalon
definition: Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus[FMA]. The more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye cups, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis).
present_in_taxon: NCBITaxon 7762
UBPROP_0000001: The more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye cups, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis). Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
UBPROP_0000001: Unpaired part of the forebrain comprised of three major parts; the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: diencephalic
UBPROP_0000012: in ABA, this is part of the brain stem
has broad synonym: DiE
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Diencephalon
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0012144
has db xref: birnlex 1503
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279328001
has db xref: AAO:0010481
has db xref: BAMS:DI
has db xref: BAMS:Di
has db xref: BAMS:DiE
has db xref: BAMS:IB
has db xref: BAMS:Zh.
has db xref: BM:Die
has db xref: BTO:0000342
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0199
has db xref: DHBA:10389
has db xref: DMBA:16308
has db xref: EFO:0000911
has db xref: EHDAA2:0000385
has db xref: EHDAA:1969
has db xref: EHDAA:2645
has db xref: EHDAA:3472
has db xref: EMAPA:16641
has db xref: EMAPA:16896
has db xref: EV:0100194
has db xref: FMA:62001
has db xref: GAID:618
has db xref: HBA:4391
has db xref: MA:0000171
has db xref: MAT:0000420
has db xref: MBA:1129
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385
has db xref: MIAA:0000420
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwC-V0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: PBA:128013010
has db xref: TAO:0000101
has db xref: UMLS:C0012144
has db xref: VHOG:0000318
has db xref: XAO:0000013
has db xref: ZFA:0000101
has exact synonym: between brain
has exact synonym: interbrain
has exact synonym: mature diencephalon
has exact synonym: thalamencephalon
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: betweenbrain
has related synonym: diencephalon
id: UBERON:0001894
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has developmental contribution from
  some values from: UBERON_0003851
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0006222
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: forebrain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: forebrain

metencephalon
definition: Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified].
dubious_for_taxon: NCBITaxon 7955
UBPROP_0000001: Anterior part of the hindbrain ventral to the cerebellum[NIFSTD:birnlex_965].
UBPROP_0000001: The anterior of two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo. It gives rise to cerebellum and pons. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: epencephalon
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Metencephalon
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0376353
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1516904
has db xref: Epencephalon
has db xref: birnlex 965
has db xref: BAMS:Met
has db xref: BTO:0000673
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-2029
has db xref: DHBA:10655
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001149
has db xref: EHDAA:5498
has db xref: EMAPA:17071
has db xref: FMA:62003
has db xref: GAID:594
has db xref: HBA:4833
has db xref: MA:0000197
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428
has db xref: UMLS:C0376353
has db xref: UMLS:C1516904
has db xref: VHOG:0000741
has exact synonym: epencephalon-2
has OBO namespace: uberon
id: UBERON:0001895
in subset: uberon slim
type: Class
comment: the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds[Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain]. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata and thus these are not distinguished in ZFA[ZFA].
subclass of: UBERON_0004733
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contributes to morphology of
  some values from: UBERON_0002028
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediate transformation of
  some values from: UBERON_0010092
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002028

medulla oblongata
definition: Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO].
UBPROP_0000001: Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000001: The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000003: Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]
has broad synonym: bulb
has broad synonym: medulla
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Bone marrow of ovary oblongata
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0025148
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1269575
has db xref: Medulla Oblongata
has db xref: birnlex 957
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279104005
has db xref: AAO:0010486
has db xref: BAMS:MY
has db xref: BAMS:Md
has db xref: BM:Me
has db xref: BTO:0000041
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-0607
has db xref: DMBA:17352
has db xref: EFO:0000924
has db xref: EHDAA2:0001088
has db xref: EHDAA:7588
has db xref: EMAPA:17550
has db xref: EV:0100275
has db xref: FMA:62004
has db xref: GAID:590
has db xref: MA:0000206
has db xref: MAT:0000111
has db xref: MAT:0000367
has db xref: MBA:354
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.406
has db xref: MIAA:0000111
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCqnXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: TAO:0000545
has db xref: UMLS:C0025148
has db xref: UMLS:C1269575
has db xref: VHOG:0000181
has db xref: XAO:0003100
has db xref: ZFA:0000545
has exact synonym: bulbus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: medulla oblonzata
has related synonym: metepencephalon
id: UBERON:0001896
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: organ part
subclass of: UBERON_0004121
subclass of: UBERON_0010314
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002028
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0002298
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part_of
  some values from: UBERON_0005290

dorsal plus ventral thalamus
definition: Subcortical brain region consisting of paired gray matter bodies in the dorsal diencephalon and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain. The thalamus represents the major portion of the diencephalon and is commonly divided into cellular aggregates known as nuclear groups.(MeSH). The dorsal topographic division of the interbrain. The macrodissected adult human thalamus was clearly illustrated by Vesalius in 1543 and the term as defined here was introduced by His in 1893. It includes the traditional epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, and ventral thalamus of Herrick (1910, pp. 494, 498). Also see Kuhlenbeck (1927, Ch. 9) and Jones (1985, p. 87).
UBPROP_0000001: One of a pair of large oval nervous structures made of gray matter and forming most of the lateral walls of the third ventricle of the brain and part of the diencephalon. [TFD][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000001: Part of the diencephalon consisting of a mass of connecting fibers which relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex.[AAO]
UBPROP_0000003: (...) the brain regions of tetrapods, the structures they contain, and their basic organizational features are the same as in fishes.[well established][VHOG]
UBPROP_0000007: thalamic
has broad synonym: Th
has broad synonym: thalamus
has db xref: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx
has db xref: Thalamus
has db xref: http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039729
has db xref: birnlex 954
has db xref: http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244433007
has db xref: AAO:0010483
has db xref: BAMS:TH
has db xref: BAMS:Th
has db xref: BTO:0001365
has db xref: CALOHA:TS-1031
has db xref: DHBA:10390
has db xref: DMBA:16376
has db xref: EFO:0000910
has db xref: EMAPA:17540
has db xref: EV:0100195
has db xref: GAID:656
has db xref: HBA:4392
has db xref: MA:0000179
has db xref: MAT:0000109
has db xref: MBA:549
has db xref: MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.826
has db xref: MIAA:0000109
has db xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwMPQ65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
has db xref: PBA:128013014
has db xref: TAO:0001215
has db xref: UMLS:C0039729
has db xref: VHOG:0000657
has db xref: ZFA:0001215
has db xref: galen:Thalamus
has exact synonym: wider thalamus
has OBO namespace: uberon
has related synonym: thalamencephalon
has related synonym: thalami
has related synonym: thalamus opticus
id: UBERON:0001897
in subset: efo slim
in subset: uberon slim
in subset: vertebrate core
type: Class
subclass of: UBERON_0002616
subclass of: UBERON_0015212