Belongs to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase family.
Belongs to the DDOST 48 kDa subunit family.
Component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex) that is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The b-c1 complex mediates electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c. Contributes to the generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane that is then used for ATP synthesis.
Heme 1 (or BL or b562) is low-potential and absorbs at about 562 nm, and heme 2 (or BH or b566) is high-potential and absorbs at about 566 nm.
The cytochrome bc1 complex contains 3 respiratory subunits (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1), 2 core proteins (UQCRC1 and UQCRC2) and probably 6 low-molecular weight proteins.
The full-length protein contains only eight transmembrane helices, not nine as predicted by bioinformatics tools.
Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily.
Belongs to the learning-associated protein family.
Belongs to the GTR/RAG GTP-binding protein family.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein that plays a crucial role in the cellular response to amino acid availability through regulation of the mTORC1 signaling cascade.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphatase family.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Lacks conserved residue(s) required for the propagation of feature annotation.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 27 family.
Belongs to the inward rectifier-type potassium channel (TC 1.A.2.1) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo5/eukaryotic RPB5 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, POLR2E/RPB5 is part of the lower jaw surrounding the central large cleft and thought to grab the incoming DNA template. Seems to be the major component in this process.
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
SNARE involved in targeting and fusion of ER-derived transport vesicles with the Golgi complex as well as Golgi-derived retrograde transport vesicles with the ER.
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 2 family.
Component of ribonuclease P, a protein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends.
Belongs to the ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase family.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis.
Belongs to the GTP-binding elongation factor family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Mitochondrial GTPase that catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome. Does not mediate the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I47 (latexin) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.
Belongs to the chemokine-like receptor (CMKLR) family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 10 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 23 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
A connexon is composed of a hexamer of connexins.
Belongs to the connexin family. Alpha-type (group II) subfamily.
One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell.
Receptor for NPAF (A-18-F-amide) and NPFF (F-8-F-amide) neuropeptides, also known as morphine-modulating peptides. Can also be activated by a variety of naturally occurring or synthetic FMRF-amide like ligands. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.
Belongs to the potassium channel KCNE family.
Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds.
Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family.
Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family.
Receptor for glutamate that functions as a ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system.
Belongs to the intermediate filament family.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.
Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.
Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GPRK subfamily.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class dual specificity subfamily.
Dual specificity phosphatase able to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues, with a preference for phosphotyrosine as a substrate.
Belongs to the POU transcription factor family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. KappaB-Ras subfamily.
Belongs to the copper/topaquinone oxidase family.
Topaquinone (TPQ) is generated by copper-dependent autoxidation of a specific tyrosyl residue.
Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family.
Can bind about 5 Ca(2+) ions per subunit.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.
Belongs to the dynein light chain family.
Belongs to the distal-less homeobox family.
Belongs to the ROX family. MINA53 subfamily.
Oxygenase that can act as both a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase.
Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane (By similarity).
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. SerB family.
Belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family. CACNG subfamily.
Component of a calcium channel complex consisting of a pore-forming alpha subunit (CACNA1S) and the ancillary subunits CACNB1 or CACNB2, CACNG1 and CACNA2D1. The channel complex contains alpha, beta, gamma and delta subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, i.e. it contains either CACNB1 or CACNB2.
Regulatory subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents in skeletal muscle. Regulates channel inactivation kinetics.
Belongs to the C/M/P thioester hydrolase family.
Hydrolyzes N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA) which act as inhibitors of NOS. Has therefore a role in the regulation of nitric oxide generation.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase NEP1 family.
Required for recruitment of CENPA to centromeres and normal chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Belongs to the potassium channel HCN family.
Receptor for the neuromedin-U and neuromedin-S neuropeptides.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. May be the terminally assembled subunit of Complex I.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFV3 subunit family.
Complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. This is a component of the flavoprotein-sulfur (FP) fragment of the enzyme.
Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane.
Belongs to the AspA/AstE family. Aspartoacylase subfamily.
Belongs to the dienelactone hydrolase family.
Kinase that can phosphorylate various inositol polyphosphate such as Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 or Ins(1,3,4)P3.
Homodimeric or heterodimeric through association with alpha and beta subunits, linked by one or more disulfide bonds. Inhibins are heterodimers of one alpha and one beta subunit. Activins are homo- or heterodimers of beta subunits only.
Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins.
Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family.
Belongs to the transcriptional coactivator PC4 family.
General coactivator that functions cooperatively with TAFs and mediates functional interactions between upstream activators and the general transcriptional machinery. May be involved in stabilizing the multiprotein transcription complex. Binds single-stranded DNA. Also binds, in vitro, non-specifically to double-stranded DNA (ds DNA).
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family. Pelota subfamily.
Component of the Pelota-HBS1L complex, a complex that recognizes stalled ribosomes and triggers the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway. In the Pelota-HBS1L complex, pelo recognizes ribosomes stalled at the 3' end of an mRNA and engages stalled ribosomes by destabilizing mRNA in the mRNA channel.
Belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Has a role in the nuclear export of 40S pre-ribosomal subunit to the cytoplasm.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.
Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA.
Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.
Binds 1 Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ion per subunit.
Mediates the post-translational oxidative deamination of lysine residues on target proteins leading to the formation of deaminated lysine (allysine).
The lysine tyrosylquinone cross-link (LTQ) is generated by condensation of the epsilon-amino group of a lysine with a topaquinone produced by oxidation of tyrosine.
Associates with the cytoplasmic CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex to trigger ARE-containing mRNA deadenylation and decay processes.
Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that destabilizes several cytoplasmic AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA transcripts by promoting their poly(A) tail removal or deadenylation, and hence provide a mechanism for attenuating protein synthesis. Acts as a 3'-untranslated region (UTR) ARE mRNA-binding adapter protein to communicate signaling events to the mRNA decay machinery. Functions by recruiting the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex and probably other components of the cytoplasmic RNA decay machinery to the bound ARE-containing mRNAs, and hence promotes ARE-mediated mRNA deadenylation and decay processes. Binds to 3'-UTR ARE of numerous mRNAs.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.
The DHHC domain is required for palmitoyltransferase activity.
Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.
Probably part of the adaptor protein complex 5 (AP-5) a tetramer composed of AP5B1, AP5M1, AP5S1 and AP5Z1.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA2 subunit family.
Complex I is composed of 45 different subunits.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL32 family.
Belongs to the transcription factor STAT family.
Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc subfamily.
Required for the assembly of the V0 complex of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
Belongs to the osteocalcin/matrix Gla protein family.
Plays a key role in steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the metabolism of cholesterol into pregnenolone. Mediates the transfer of cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane where it is cleaved to pregnenolone.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 4 family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity and assembly of complex I.
May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity.
Belongs to the dihydrofolate reductase family.
Belongs to the teashirt C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
Belongs to the chromogranin/secretogranin protein family.
Belongs to the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family.
Binds with high affinity to CRF receptors 2-alpha and 2-beta.
Suppresses food intake, delays gastric emptying and decreases heat-induced edema. Might represent an endogenous ligand for maintaining homeostasis after stress.
Belongs to the RNase HII family. Eukaryotic subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of RNase HII, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes.
Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids.
Manganese or magnesium. Binds 1 divalent metal ion per monomer in the absence of substrate. May bind a second metal ion after substrate binding.
Catalyzes the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid to homogentisic acid, one of the steps in tyrosine catabolism.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. IRG family.
Essential component of the RMI complex, a complex that plays an important role in the processing of homologous recombination intermediates to limit DNA crossover formation in cells. Promotes TOP3A binding to double Holliday junctions (DHJ) and hence stimulates TOP3A-mediated dissolution. Required for BLM phosphorylation during mitosis. Within the BLM complex, required for BLM and TOP3A stability.
Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. Has a relaxing effect on smooth muscle. May play an important role in regulating renal hemodynamics, intestinal epithelial transport, adrenal aldosterone secretion, and uterine function.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Calcium-responsive mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase which seems to be a key component of the pancreatic beta-cell glucose-sensing device.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.
Common component of the spliceosome and rRNA processing machinery.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. GalNAc-T subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family.
Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family.
Has antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria including S.aureus, P.aeruginosa and M.tuberculosis. Acts by inducing bacterial membrane breakage.
Induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are necessary for cell proliferation. May play a role in inducing oxidative DNA damage and replicative senescence. May play a role in the coordination of mitochondrial morphology and cell proliferation.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of queuosine 5'-phosphate, releasing the nucleobase queuine (q). Is required for salvage of queuine from exogenous queuosine (Q) that is imported and then converted to queuosine 5'-phosphate intracellularly.
Belongs to the V-ATPase V0D/AC39 subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex.
Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AB hydrolase 2 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL13 family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 3 family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity of complex I.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 4L family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor.
Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation.
Belongs to the anion channel-forming bestrophin (TC 1.A.46) family. Calcium-sensitive chloride channel subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. BPG-dependent PGAM subfamily.
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family.
A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the side-chain hydroxylation and cleavage of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the precursor of most steroid hormones. Catalyzes three sequential oxidation reactions of cholesterol, namely the hydroxylation at C22 followed with the hydroxylation at C20 to yield 20R,22R-hydroxycholesterol that is further cleaved between C20 and C22 to yield the C21-steroid pregnenolone and 4-methylpentanal. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate and reducing the second into a water molecule. Two electrons are provided by NADPH via a two-protein mitochondrial transfer system comprising flavoprotein FDXR (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin reductase) and nonheme iron-sulfur protein FDX1 or FDX2 (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.
Belongs to the alpha/beta interferon family.
Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.
Belongs to the proton-activated chloride channel family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase G subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the ubiquitin conjugation factor E4 family.
Belongs to the riboflavin transporter family.
Plasma membrane transporter mediating the uptake by cells of the water soluble vitamin B2/riboflavin that plays a key role in biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions of the carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism.
Interacts with EME1 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, D-loops, replication forks and nicked Holliday junctions. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication fork intermediates. May be required in meiosis for the repair of meiosis-specific double strand breaks subsequent to single-end invasion (SEI).
Belongs to the RFamide neuropeptide family.
Belongs to the TTC30/dfy-1/fleer family.
Required for polyglutamylation of axonemal tubulin. Plays a role in anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), the process by which cilia precursors are transported from the base of the cilium to the site of their incorporation at the tip.
IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors.
Belongs to the inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) (TC 2.A.20) family.
G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma.
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.
Belongs to the threonine synthase family.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family. DEGS subfamily.
Component of a retrotranslocation channel required for peroxisome organization by mediating export of the PEX5 receptor from peroxisomes to the cytosol, thereby promoting PEX5 recycling.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 56 family.
Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.
Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Key component of the proton channel; it may play a direct role in the translocation of protons across the membrane.
Monovalent cation channel required for maintenance of rapid intracellular calcium release. May act as a potassium counter-ion channel that functions in synchronization with calcium release from intracellular stores.
Serves as a reserve supply of oxygen and facilitates the movement of oxygen within muscles.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
Belongs to the Tim17/Tim22/Tim23 family.
Component of the TIM23 complex, at least composed of TIM23, TIM17, TIM50 and TIM21.
Essential component of the TIM23 complex, a complex that mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Belongs to the Integrator subunit 12 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 38 family.
May interact with target proteins during translocation into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. May protect unfolded target proteins against degradation and facilitate correct glycosylation.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 1 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 22 family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 5 family.
Belongs to the connexin family. Beta-type (group I) subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family.
Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. AMIGO family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Vesicular transporter family.
Receptor for cholecystokinin. Mediates pancreatic growth and enzyme secretion, smooth muscle contraction of the gall bladder and stomach. Has a 1000-fold higher affinity for CCK rather than for gastrin. It modulates feeding and dopamine-induced behavior in the central and peripheral nervous system. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.
Belongs to the eIF4E-binding protein family.
Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. NOG2 subfamily.
GTPase that associates with pre-60S ribosomal subunits in the nucleolus and is required for their nuclear export and maturation.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily.
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.
In association with mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex components and mitochondrial outer membrane sorting assembly machinery (SAM) complex components may regulate mitochondrial dynamics playing a role in determining mitochondrial length, distribution and motility.
Belongs to the natriuretic peptide family.
Plays a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements during the late wrapping and/or compaction phases of myelinogenesis as well as in maintenance and stability of myelin sheath in the adult. May play an important role in late-stage oligodendroglia maturation, myelin/Ranvier node formation during CNS development, and in the maintenance and plasticity of related structures in the mature CNS.
Belongs to the DNA repair enzymes AP/ExoA family.
Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.
Probably binds two magnesium or manganese ions per subunit.
Substrate-binding subunit of tRNA (adenine-N1-)-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of N1-methyladenine at position 58 (m1A58) in initiator methionyl-tRNA.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN5 subfamily.
Belongs to the fibroblast growth factor-binding protein family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS12 family.
Initiates blood coagulation by forming a complex with circulating factor VII or VIIa. The [TF:VIIa] complex activates factors IX or X by specific limited proteolysis. TF plays a role in normal hemostasis by initiating the cell-surface assembly and propagation of the coagulation protease cascade.
Interacts with HSPE; the interaction, inhibited by heparin, promotes the generation of activated factor X and activates coagulation in the presence of activated factor VII.
Belongs to the V-ATPase e1/e2 subunit family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.
This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the TFIIE alpha subunit family.
Belongs to the ammonium transporter (TC 2.A.49) family. Rh subfamily.
Belongs to the NFYA/HAP2 subunit family.
Component of the sequence-specific heterotrimeric transcription factor (NF-Y) which specifically recognizes a 5'-CCAAT-3' box motif found in the promoters of its target genes.
Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL6 family.
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (TC 1.A.9.5) subfamily. GABRA1 sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC2 subfamily.
Belongs to the arylamine N-acetyltransferase family.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family.
Belongs to the inward rectifier-type potassium channel (TC 1.A.2.1) family. KCNJ2 subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL51 family.
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. They oxidize a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Belongs to the beta-microseminoprotein family.
Belongs to the aggrecan/versican proteoglycan family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS33 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.
Receptor for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Upon ligand binding, this G-protein-coupled receptor triggers activation of the phosphatidylinositol (IP3)-calcium-protein kinase C (PKC) pathway.
Belongs to the EGR C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
Transcriptional regulator. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GCG(T/G)GGGCG-3'(EGR-site) in the promoter region of target genes. Binds double-stranded target DNA, irrespective of the cytosine methylation status. Regulates the transcription of numerous target genes, and thereby plays an important role in regulating the response to growth factors, DNA damage, and ischemia. Plays a role in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and cell death.
Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 4 family.
Catalyzes the initial step of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis in N-linked protein glycosylation pathway: transfers GlcNAc-1-P from UDP-GlcNAc onto the carrier lipid dolichyl phosphate (P-dolichol), yielding GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol.
Belongs to the heme-copper respiratory oxidase family.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 family.
Plays an important role in membrane trafficking through the secretory apparatus.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase epsilon family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(1) domain and of the central stalk which is part of the complex rotary element. Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits.
Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
Belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator family.
Heterodimer of a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit.
Belongs to the V-ATPase C subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment. Subunit C is necessary for the assembly of the catalytic sector of the enzyme and is likely to have a specific function in its catalytic activity.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex. The V1 complex consists of three catalytic AB heterodimers that form a heterohexamer, three peripheral stalks each consisting of EG heterodimers, one central rotor including subunits D and F, and the regulatory subunits C and H. The proton translocation complex V0 consists of the proton transport subunit a, a ring of proteolipid subunits c9c'', rotary subunit d, subunits e and f, and two accessory subunits.
Mediates feedback control of cholesterol synthesis.
Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.
Contains one covalently linked retinal chromophore.
Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family.
May be a substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin-Cullin-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.
Colipase is a cofactor of pancreatic lipase. It allows the lipase to anchor itself to the lipid-water interface. Without colipase the enzyme is washed off by bile salts, which have an inhibitory effect on the lipase.
Enterostatin has a biological activity as a satiety signal.
Forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with pancreatic lipase.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 99 family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UEV subfamily.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS25 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. NNMT/PNMT/TEMT family.
Belongs to the parathyroid hormone family.
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily.
Composed of three domains: a modulating N-terminal domain, a DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain.
Homodimer. Heterodimer; with a rar molecule.
Receptor for retinoic acid that acts as a transcription factor. Forms homo- or heterodimers with retinoic acid receptors (rars) and binds to target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, to regulate gene expression in various biological processes.
Homopentamer. Pentaxin (or pentraxin) have a discoid arrangement of 5 non-covalently bound subunits.
Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family.
Serves as the first electron transfer protein in all the mitochondrial P450 systems including cholesterol side chain cleavage in all steroidogenic tissues, steroid 11-beta hydroxylation in the adrenal cortex, 25-OH-vitamin D3-24 hydroxylation in the kidney, and sterol C-27 hydroxylation in the liver.
Homodimer or heterodimer (Potential). But, in contrast to other members of this family, cannot be disulfide-linked.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 6 family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 family.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.
Involved in protein trafficking. May serve as a receptor for ARFRP1.
Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 11 family.
Acts as a negative regulator of G1 to S cell cycle phase progression by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases. Inhibitory effects are additive with GADD45 proteins but occurs also in the absence of GADD45 proteins. Acts as a repressor of the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 by inhibiting AB domain-mediated transcriptional activity. May be involved in the hormone-mediated regulation of NR4A1 transcriptional activity. May play a role in mitochondrial protein synthesis.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL64 family.
Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. S6 kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family.
Part of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex.
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PIM subfamily.
Proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity involved in cell survival and cell proliferation.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
Belongs to the connexin family. Gamma-type subfamily.
Belongs to the secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP) family.
Belongs to the beta/gamma-crystallin family.
Homo/heterodimer, or complexes of higher-order. The structure of beta-crystallin oligomers seems to be stabilized through interactions between the N-terminal arms.
Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.8) family.
Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity.
Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors.
Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-3 subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL49 family.
Functional P2XRs are organized as homomeric and heteromeric trimers.
Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel.
Receptor for endothelin-1. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of binding affinities for ET-A is: ET1 > ET2 >> ET3.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.
Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Bicoid subfamily.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Monocarboxylate porter (TC 2.A.1.13) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL28 family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. NTM1 family.
Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. GalK subfamily.
Belongs to the KIF-binding protein family.