Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 6 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. FEN1 subfamily.
Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. They probably participate in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. May bind an additional third magnesium ion after substrate binding.
Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-terminated flap. Acts as a genome stabilization factor that prevents flaps from equilibrating into structures that lead to duplications and deletions. Also possesses 5'-3' exonuclease activity on nicked or gapped double-stranded DNA, and exhibits RNase H activity. Also involved in replication and repair of rDNA and in repairing mitochondrial DNA.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC2 subfamily.
Non-catalytic component of the proteasome.
Belongs to the dynein light chain family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family.
The Q motif is unique to and characteristic of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases and controls ATP binding and hydrolysis.
Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Ubiquitin-protein ligase which is mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome.
Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL41 family.
Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity.
Belongs to the Tim17/Tim22/Tim23 family.
Essential core component of the TIM22 complex, a complex that mediates the import and insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. In the TIM22 complex, it constitutes the voltage-activated and signal-gated channel. Forms a twin-pore translocase that uses the membrane potential as external driving force in 2 voltage-dependent steps.
Lacks conserved residue(s) required for the propagation of feature annotation.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. NOG subfamily.
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDPK subfamily.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.
Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RsuA family.
Required for replication-independent chromatin assembly and for the periodic repression of histone gene transcription during the cell cycle.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunit family.
Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic diacylglycerol kinase family.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. EngA (Der) GTPase family.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of some multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth.
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a non-competitive inhibitor that prevents formation of the closed enzyme conformation by binding to the same site as the amobile flap. In contrast, mizoribine monophosphate (MZP) is a competitive inhibitor that induces the closed conformation. MPA is a potent inhibitor of mammalian IMPDHs but a poor inhibitor of the bacterial enzymes. MZP is a more potent inhibitor of bacterial IMPDH.
May be involved in the degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
Belongs to the apicomplexan parasites AMA1 family.
Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily.
Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Belongs to the ATPase gamma chain family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Aminocarboxypropyltransferase that catalyzes the aminocarboxypropyl transfer on pseudouridine in 18S rRNA. It constitutes the last step in biosynthesis of the hypermodified N1-methyl-N3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) pseudouridine (m1acp3-Psi).
Belongs to the TDD superfamily. TSR3 family.
Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II and III (RNAPII and RNAPIII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.
Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation.
Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35) family.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL17 family.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
In plastids the minimal PEP RNA polymerase catalytic core is composed of four subunits: alpha, beta, beta', and beta''. When a (nuclear-encoded) sigma factor is associated with the core the holoenzyme is formed, which can initiate transcription.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase delta/II small subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family. Ribosome biogenesis protein NSA2 subfamily.
Component of the pre-66S ribosomal particle.
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. May play a part in the quality control of pre-60S particles.
Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.
Essential for pre-mRNA splicing. Implicated in the formation of stable, biologically active snRNP structures.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Alax-L subfamily.
Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two-step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain.
Consists of three domains; the N-terminal catalytic domain, the editing domain and the C-terminal C-Ala domain. The editing domain removes incorrectly charged amino acids, while the C-Ala domain, along with tRNA(Ala), serves as a bridge to cooperatively bring together the editing and aminoacylation centers thus stimulating deacylation of misacylated tRNAs.
Belongs to the adenosylhomocysteinase family.
The RNA gate region regulates mRNA cap recognition to prevent promiscuous mRNA-binding before assembly of eif3d into the full eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
mRNA cap-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. In the eIF-3 complex, eif3d specifically recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine cap of a subset of mRNAs.
Belongs to the V-ATPase C subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment. Subunit C is necessary for the assembly of the catalytic sector of the enzyme and is likely to have a specific function in its catalytic activity.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex (components A to H) attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Small GTPase required for proper localization of RNA polymerase II and III (RNAPII and RNAPIII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.
Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA.
The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL20 family.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
The histidine box domains are involved in binding the catalytic metal ions.
Belongs to the CSN7/EIF3M family. CSN7 subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.
Belongs to the eIF-2B gamma/epsilon subunits family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c-type heme lyase family.
Lyase that catalyzes the covalent linking of the heme group to the cytochrome C apoprotein to produce the mature functional cytochrome.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2B subfamily.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. FabI subfamily.
Belongs to the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.
Non-catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM61 family.
Supercomplex made of cofactors A to E. Cofactors A and D function by capturing and stabilizing tubulin in a quasi-native conformation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine hydroxylase family.
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of the N(6)-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine intermediate to form hypusine, an essential post-translational modification only found in mature eIF-5A factor.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.
This protein is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand.
Scaffold protein for the de novo synthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters within mitochondria, which is required for maturation of both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] proteins.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family.
Belongs to the glutamate synthase family.
Multiubiquitin chain receptor involved in modulation of proteasomal degradation. Involved in nucleotide excision repair.
Plays an important role in regulating the size of autophagosomes during the formation process.
Catalytic component of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex.
Catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex that acts by directly joining spliced tRNA halves to mature-sized tRNAs by incorporating the precursor-derived splice junction phosphate into the mature tRNA as a canonical 3',5'-phosphodiester. May act as an RNA ligase with broad substrate specificity, and may function toward other RNAs.
Ligation probably proceeds through 3 nucleotidyl transfer steps, with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini being hydrolyzed to 3'-P termini in a step that precedes 3'-P activation with GMP. In the first nucleotidyl transfer step, RTCB reacts with GTP to form a covalent RTCB-histidine-GMP intermediate with release of PPi; in the second step, the GMP moiety is transferred to the RNA 3'-P; in the third step, the 5'-OH from the opposite RNA strand attacks the activated 3'-P to form a 3',5'-phosphodiester bond and release GMP.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL37 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell.
Belongs to the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C family.
Component of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP, which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA 5' splice-site and the subsequent assembly of the spliceosome. U1-C is directly involved in initial 5' splice-site recognition for both constitutive and regulated alternative splicing. The interaction with the 5' splice-site seems to precede base-pairing between the pre-mRNA and the U1 snRNA. Stimulates commitment or early (E) complex formation by stabilizing the base pairing of the 5' end of the U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region.
U1 snRNP is composed of the 7 core Sm proteins B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F and G that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP, and at least 3 U1 snRNP-specific proteins U1-70K, U1-A and U1-C. U1-C interacts with U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region of the pre-mRNA.
Belongs to the WD repeat PRL1/PRL2 family.
Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS27 family.
Catalyzes the dehydration of the S-form of NAD(P)HX at the expense of ATP, which is converted to ADP. Together with NAD(P)HX epimerase, which catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms, the enzyme allows the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration.
Necessary for the splicing of pre-mRNA. Has a role in the recognition of the branch site (5'-UACUAAC-3'), the pyrimidine tract and the 3'-splice site at the 3'-end of introns.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine, a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. BCS1 subfamily.
Belongs to the 2Fe2S plant-type ferredoxin family.
Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions.
Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome.
Required for 40S ribosome biogenesis. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL42 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL21 family.
Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.
This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.
Belongs to the type IB topoisomerase family.
Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family.
Belongs to the proteasome inhibitor PI31 family.
Belongs to the GTP-binding elongation factor family. LepA subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. LepA subfamily.
Promotes mitochondrial protein synthesis. May act as a fidelity factor of the translation reaction, by catalyzing a one-codon backward translocation of tRNAs on improperly translocated ribosomes. Binds to mitochondrial ribosomes in a GTP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL15 family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit p55 family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 7 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL33 family.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase large chain family.
Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides.
Binds 1 heme c group covalently per subunit.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S3 family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL30 family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. ARD1 subfamily.
Belongs to the ClpX chaperone family. HslU subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. BSU subfamily.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.
Component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.
GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B-like family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S2 family.
Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.
Belongs to the methylthiotransferase family. CDKAL1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the methylthiolation of N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t(6)A), leading to the formation of 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms(2)t(6)A) at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B family.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family.
Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class III subfamily.
NAD-dependent protein deacylase. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent hydrolysis of acyl groups from lysine residues. Has weak NAD-dependent protein deacetylase activity; however this activity may not be physiologically relevant in vivo.
Belongs to the inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) (TC 2.A.20) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL6 family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IV subfamily.
Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD Type 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. BET3 subfamily.
May play a role in vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RsmH family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 family.
Part of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC).
Belongs to the type II topoisomerase family.
Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks.
Belongs to the 5'-3' exonuclease family. XRN2/RAT1 subfamily.
Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family.
Parasitic protozoa lack the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway and rely exclusively on the salvage pathway for their purine nucleotide requirements.
Plays an important role in the de novo pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis.
Plays an important role in the salvage pathway for purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first commited step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP.
Plays an important role in the salvage pathway for purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP.
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.
Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family.
Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate.
Heterooligomeric complex of about 850 to 900 kDa that forms two stacked rings, 12 to 16 nm in diameter.
Molecular chaperone; assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. Known to play a role, in vitro, in the folding of actin and tubulin.
Belongs to the prokaryotic/mitochondrial release factor family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes small subunit family.
Belongs to the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH.
Belongs to the MINDY deubiquitinase family. FAM188 subfamily.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METL family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family.
Heterodimer of two subunits, one of which binds GTP.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-5 (PP-T) subfamily.
Binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the 40S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex in the cytoplasm. May also be involved in ribosome biogenesis.
Monomer. Associates with the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL4 family.
The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S proteasome core and two 19S regulatory subunits.
Belongs to the pyridoxine kinase family.
Belongs to the ribose 5-phosphate isomerase family.
Binds 1 potassium ion per subunit. The potassium ion interacts primarily with the substrate.
Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. The magnesium ions interact primarily with the substrate.
Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP.
Belongs to the VAMP-associated protein (VAP) (TC 9.B.17) family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. MenG/UbiE family.
Component of a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex.
Methyltransferase required for the conversion of 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DDMQH2) to 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2).
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase eukaryotic type 2 subfamily.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Has a high-affinity and a low affinity metal-binding site. The true nature of the physiological cofactor is under debate. The enzyme is active with cobalt, zinc, manganese or divalent iron ions. Most likely, methionine aminopeptidases function as mononuclear Fe(2+)-metalloproteases under physiological conditions, and the catalytically relevant metal-binding site has been assigned to the histidine-containing high-affinity site.
Cotranslationally removes the N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins. The N-terminal methionine is often cleaved when the second residue in the primary sequence is small and uncharged (Met-Ala-, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr, or Val).
Belongs to the CRT-like transporter family.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase Pus10 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family.
Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.
Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Folate-biopterin transporter (TC 2.A.71) family.
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. May play a role in binding dynein to membranous organelles or chromosomes.
Belongs to the dynein light intermediate chain family.
Homodimer. The cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex consists of two catalytic heavy chains (HCs) and a number of non-catalytic subunits presented by intermediate chains (ICs).
Belongs to the activator 1 large subunit family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS26 family.
Belongs to the peptidase M24 family. SPT16 subfamily.
Component of the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. The FACT complex is involved in multiple processes that require DNA as a template such as mRNA elongation, DNA replication and DNA repair. During transcription elongation the FACT complex acts as a histone chaperone that both destabilizes and restores nucleosomal structure. It facilitates the passage of RNA polymerase II and transcription by promoting the dissociation of one histone H2A-H2B dimer from the nucleosome, then subsequently promotes the reestablishment of the nucleosome following the passage of RNA polymerase II.
Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.
Binds 1 Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ion per subunit.
Belongs to the ubiquitin conjugation factor E4 family.
Belongs to the ERCC1/RAD10/SWI10 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. ADCK protein kinase family.
Belongs to the DNA repair enzymes AP/ExoA family.
Probably binds two magnesium or manganese ions per subunit.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS28 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
Belongs to the AP endonuclease 2 family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Spinster (TC 2.A.1.49) family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RRP8 family.
Probable methyltransferase required to silence rDNA.
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly near the 3'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit.
Belongs to the helicase family. RAD3/XPD subfamily.
Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family. VIP1 subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Adenylosuccinate lyase subfamily.
Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen.
Acts as a sulfur carrier required for 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Serves as sulfur donor in tRNA 2-thiolation reaction by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by the MOCS3/UBA4 homolog. The sulfur is then transferred to tRNA to form 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U. Also acts as a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that is covalently conjugated via an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of target proteins. The thiocarboxylated form serves as substrate for conjugation and oxidative stress specifically induces the formation of UBL-protein conjugates.
C-terminal thiocarboxylation occurs in 2 steps, it is first acyl-adenylated (-COAMP) via the hesA/moeB/thiF part of the MOCS3/UBA4 homolog, then thiocarboxylated (-COSH) via the rhodanese domain of the MOCS3/UBA4 homolog.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx6 subfamily.
Belongs to the peroxisomal membrane protein PXMP2/4 family.
Belongs to the myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.
Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family. Sterol o-acyltransferase subfamily.
Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family.
Part of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (25S, 5.8S and 5S). Interacts with ribosomal protein S21.
Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.
Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting.
Belongs to the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the GTP-binding SRP family. SRP54 subfamily.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
The M domain binds the 7SL RNA in presence of SRP19 and binds the signal sequence of presecretory proteins.
The NG domain, also named G domain, is a special guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) domain, which binds GTP and forms a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent complex with a homologous NG domain in the SRP receptor subunit SRPRA. The two NG domains undergo cooperative rearrangements upon their assembly, which culminate in the reciprocal activation of the GTPase activity of one another. SRP receptor compaction upon binding with cargo-loaded SRP and GTPase rearrangement drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER.
Belongs to the V-ATPase D subunit family.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.
Belongs to the endoribonuclease YbeY family.
Component of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles containing H/ACA-type snoRNAs (H/ACA snoRNPs).
Required for ribosome biogenesis. Part of a complex which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA. This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Pseudouridine ("psi") residues may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal PrmC-related family.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two-step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu).
Belongs to the diphthine synthase family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes four methylations of the modified target histidine residue in translation elongation factor 2 (EF-2), to form an intermediate called diphthine methyl ester. The four successive methylation reactions represent the second step of diphthamide biosynthesis.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family.
Belongs to the polypeptide deformylase family.
Removes the formyl group from the N-terminal Met of newly synthesized proteins.
Belongs to the ATPase delta chain family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. IF-2 subfamily.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit.
Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family.
Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts. Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome. Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step.
eIF-5A seems to be the only eukaryotic protein to have a hypusine residue which is a post-translational modification of a lysine by the addition of a butylamino group.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
Belongs to the glutamate--cysteine ligase type 3 family.
Adds a myristoyl group to the N-terminal glycine residue of certain cellular proteins.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. RIO-type Ser/Thr kinase family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. Class II DHOase subfamily.
Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Tetramer of heterotrimers consisting of exclusion domain, heavy- and light chains.
Exerts its effect at some terminal stage of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis, probably by being involved in the insertion of the copper B into subunit I.
Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family.
Binds 2 magnesium ions. Also active with manganese.
Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.
Belongs to the sphingomyelin synthase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.
Belongs to the GTP-binding elongation factor family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Mitochondrial GTPase that catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.
Belongs to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein family.
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx5 subfamily.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides.
Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-II family.
Functions in the biosynthesis of the anionic phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly.
Transcription elongation factor implicated in the maintenance of proper chromatin structure in actively transcribed regions.
Bifunctional enzyme. Involved in de novo dTMP biosynthesis. Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, DNA precursor synthesis, and for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the thymidylate synthase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the dihydrofolate reductase family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase V0D/AC39 subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex.
Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
In eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.
Required for vesicle-mediated transport. Catalyzes the fusion of transport vesicles within the Golgi cisternae. Is also required for transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi stack. Seems to function as a fusion protein required for the delivery of cargo proteins to all compartments of the Golgi stack independent of vesicle origin.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S1 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL36 family.
Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo3/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase iron-sulfur protein family.
Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family.
Component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA.
Divalent metal ions. Mg(2+) is the most effective.
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit beta family.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). SRP9 together with SRP14 and the Alu portion of the SRP RNA, constitutes the elongation arrest domain of SRP. The complex of SRP9 and SRP14 is required for SRP RNA binding.
Heterodimer with SRP9; binds RNA as heterodimer. Component of a signal recognition particle (SRP) complex that consists of a 7SL RNA molecule of 300 nucleotides and six protein subunits: SRP72, SRP68, SRP54, SRP19, SRP14 and SRP9.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. FRD/SDH subfamily.
Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Involved in unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis. Catalyzes the dehydration of short chain beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs and long chain saturated and unsaturated beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs.
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutL/HexB family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase type 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo10/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.
ATPase required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cytosol. This complex then targets to the endoplasmic reticulum by membrane-bound receptors, where the tail-anchored protein is released for insertion. This process is regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis. ATP binding drives the homodimer towards the closed dimer state, facilitating recognition of newly synthesized TA membrane proteins. ATP hydrolysis is required for insertion. Subsequently, the homodimer reverts towards the open dimer state, lowering its affinity for the membrane-bound receptor, and returning it to the cytosol to initiate a new round of targeting.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. PPi-dependent PFK group II subfamily. Clade 'Long' sub-subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by ATP, the first committing step of glycolysis.
Tetramer of two alpha (regulatory) and two beta (catalytic) chains.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL43 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL32 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.
The active site is a redox-active disulfide bond.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Oligomeric complex that consists of at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits.
The zeta subunit may be involved in regulating the coat assembly and, hence, the rate of biosynthetic protein transport due to its association-dissociation properties with the coatomer complex.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase NEP1 family.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine synthase family.
Belongs to the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) superfamily. UNG family.
Excises uracil residues from the DNA which can arise as a result of misincorporation of dUMP residues by DNA polymerase or due to deamination of cytosine.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family.
Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family.
Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF13/WDSOF1 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS12 family.