Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.
Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic GSH synthase family.
Belongs to the sulfatase-modifying factor family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 58 family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunit family.
Belongs to the glycogen debranching enzyme family.
Multifunctional enzyme acting as 1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glycosyltransferase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in glycogen degradation.
Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 43 family.
Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class I subfamily.
Phosphorylates D-xylulose to produce D-xylulose 5-phosphate, a molecule that may play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and lipogenesis.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS11 family.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK6 subfamily.
Broad-specificity nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase that catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between nucleoside triphosphates and monophosphates. May have a role in nuclear energy homeostasis. Has also ATPase activity.
Lacks conserved residue(s) required for the propagation of feature annotation.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNA1 subfamily.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Trimethylguanosine synthase family.
Belongs to the NADP-dependent oxidoreductase L4BD family.
Acts on tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, low-MW aryl phosphates and natural and synthetic acyl phosphates.
Belongs to the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 11 subunits. The complex is composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b, cytochrome c1 and Rieske protein UQCRFS1, 2 core protein subunits UQCRC1/QCR1 and UQCRC2/QCR2, and 6 low-molecular weight protein subunits UQCRH/QCR6, UQCRB/QCR7, UQCRQ/QCR8, UQCR10/QCR9, UQCR11/QCR10 and subunit 9, the cleavage product of Rieske protein UQCRFS1. The complex exists as an obligatory dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), resulting in different assemblies (supercomplex SCI(1)III(2)IV(1) and megacomplex MCI(2)III(2)IV(2)). Interacts with UQCC6.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). SRP9 together with SRP14 and the Alu portion of the SRP RNA, constitutes the elongation arrest domain of SRP. The complex of SRP9 and SRP14 is required for SRP RNA binding.
A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and phospholipid.
Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS7 family.
Belongs to the archaeal rpoM/eukaryotic RPA12/RPB9/RPC11 RNA polymerase family.
Component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex consisting of 17 subunits.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.
Binds 1 Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ion per subunit.
Belongs to the centaurin gamma-like family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL37 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell.
Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. Type II PI4K subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-1 family.
Required for homeostatic regulation of sleep under normal conditions and after sleep deprivation. Important regulator of the Sh K(+) channel, acting as a signaling molecule that connects sleep drive to lowered membrane excitability, possibly by enhancing K(+) channel activity and thus reducing neuronal excitability.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Glycine N-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta-synthase family.
Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.
This enzyme scavenges exogenous and endogenous cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine for UMP synthesis.
The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S proteasome core and two 19S regulatory subunits. The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits. The catalytic chamber with the active sites is on the inside of the barrel.
Acts as a sulfur carrier required for 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Serves as sulfur donor in tRNA 2-thiolation reaction by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by the MOCS3/UBA4 homolog. The sulfur is then transferred to tRNA to form 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U. Also acts as a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that is covalently conjugated via an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of target proteins. The thiocarboxylated form serves as substrate for conjugation and oxidative stress specifically induces the formation of UBL-protein conjugates.
C-terminal thiocarboxylation occurs in 2 steps, it is first acyl-adenylated (-COAMP) via the hesA/moeB/thiF part of the MOCS3/UBA4 homolog, then thiocarboxylated (-COSH) via the rhodanese domain of the MOCS3/UBA4 homolog.
Belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family.
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
Belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator family.
Heterodimer of a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.
Exoglycosidase that cleaves the single beta-linked mannose residue from the non-reducing end of all N-linked glycoprotein oligosaccharides.
Belongs to the MsrB Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Methionine-sulfoxide reductase that specifically reduces methionine (R)-sulfoxide back to methionine. While in many cases methionine oxidation is the result of random oxidation following oxidative stress, methionine oxidation is also a post-translational modification that takes place on specific residues.
Catalytic subunit of a heterodimeric structure-specific endonuclease that resolves DNA secondary structures generated during DNA repair and recombination. Has endonuclease activity towards branched DNA substrates, introducing single-strand cuts in duplex DNA close to junctions with ss-DNA.
Forms a heterodimer with a member of the SLX4 family.
Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which bind Fe(3+) ion in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate.
Involved in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons.
Belongs to the polysaccharide monooxygenase AA13 family.
Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated.
Mediator of sterol homeostasis involved in sterol uptake, trafficking and distribution into membranes.
Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family.
Belongs to the major royal jelly protein family.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
The histidine box domains are involved in binding the catalytic metal ions.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. mRNA cap 0 methyltransferase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the dsDNA virus mRNA guanylyltransferase family.
Belongs to the MPDU1 (TC 2.A.43.3) family.
Divalent metal ions. Mg(2+) is the most effective.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA10 subunit family.
Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2).
Belongs to the CND3 (condensin subunit 3) family.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.
LSm subunits form a heteromer with a doughnut shape.
Plays a role in U6 snRNP assembly and function. Binds to the 3' end of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family.
Belongs to the PIH1 family. Kintoun subfamily.
Required for cytoplasmic pre-assembly of axonemal dyneins, thereby playing a central role in motility in cilia and flagella. Involved in pre-assembly of dynein arm complexes in the cytoplasm before intraflagellar transport loads them for the ciliary compartment.
Belongs to the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase family.
Vesicular soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (v-SNARE) mediating vesicle docking and fusion to a specific acceptor cellular compartment. Functions in endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport; as part of a SNARE complex composed of GOSR1, GOSR2 and STX5. Functions in early/recycling endosome to TGN transport; as part of a SNARE complex composed of BET1L, GOSR1 and STX5. Has a S-palmitoyl transferase activity.
Belongs to the Clp1 family. Clp1 subfamily.
Required for endonucleolytic cleavage during polyadenylation-dependent pre-mRNA 3'-end formation.
Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing as a core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GPRK subfamily.
Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family.
Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1.A.56) family. SLC31A subfamily.
Heterotetramer of TRAP-alpha, TRAP-beta, TRAP-delta and TRAP-gamma.
TRAP proteins are part of a complex whose function is to bind calcium to the ER membrane and thereby regulate the retention of ER resident proteins.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family.
Downstream effector molecule involved in the transmission of signals from tyrosine kinase receptors and small GTPases to the actin cytoskeleton. Promotes formation of actin filaments. Part of the WAVE complex that regulates lamellipodia formation. The WAVE complex regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex.
Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. SLC35B subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS28 family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.
Belongs to the TFIIF alpha subunit family.
TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB. It promotes transcription elongation.
Belongs to the phospholipid scramblase family.
May mediate accelerated ATP-independent bidirectional transbilayer migration of phospholipids upon binding calcium ions that results in a loss of phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane.
Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family.
Belongs to the Rab3-GAP catalytic subunit family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL28 family.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 1 family.
Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.
Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family.
Required for S phase entry of the cell cycle.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS16 family.
Peroxisomal protease that mediates both the removal of the leader peptide from proteins containing a PTS2 target sequence and processes several PTS1-containing proteins. Catalyzes the processing of PTS1-proteins involved in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
The full-lengh TYSND1 is the active the proteolytic processing of PTS1- and PTS2-proteins and in self-cleavage, and intermolecular self-cleavage of TYSND1 down-regulates its protease activity.
Acts as an adapter for the XPO1/CRM1-mediated export of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the reduced folate carrier (RFC) transporter (TC 2.A.48) family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFC2 subunit family.
Belongs to the dystrophin family. Dystrobrevin subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA11 subunit family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.
Belongs to the TFIIE alpha subunit family.
Component of the ARISC complex. Component of the BRCA1-A complex. Component of the BRISC complex. Binds polyubiquitin.
Contains 2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family-like (UEV-like) regions. These regions lack the critical Cys residues required for ubiquitination but retain the ability to bind ubiquitin.
May play a role in homeostasis or cellular differentiation in cells of neural, epithelial and germline origins. May also act as a death receptor-associated anti-apoptotic protein, which inhibits the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily.
Belongs to the neutral ceramidase family.
Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL40 family.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.
The DHHC domain is required for palmitoyltransferase activity.
Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase small subunit family.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.
Component of the PAQosome complex which is responsible for the biogenesis of several protein complexes and which consists of R2TP complex members RUVBL1, RUVBL2, RPAP3 and PIH1D1, URI complex members PFDN2, PFDN6, PDRG1, UXT and URI1 as well as ASDURF, POLR2E and DNAAF10/WDR92.
May play a role in chaperone-mediated protein folding.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase type 1 subfamily.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Has a high-affinity and a low affinity metal-binding site. The true nature of the physiological cofactor is under debate. The enzyme is active with cobalt, zinc, manganese or divalent iron ions. Most likely, methionine aminopeptidases function as mononuclear Fe(2+)-metalloproteases under physiological conditions, and the catalytically relevant metal-binding site has been assigned to the histidine-containing high-affinity site.
Cotranslationally removes the N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins. The N-terminal methionine is often cleaved when the second residue in the primary sequence is small and uncharged (Met-Ala-, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr, or Val).
TRAP proteins are part of a complex whose function is to bind calcium to the ER membrane and thereby regulate the retention of ER resident proteins. May be involved in the recycling of the translocation apparatus after completion of the translocation process or may function as a membrane-bound chaperone facilitating folding of translocated proteins.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. GMF subfamily.
Belongs to the PTEN phosphatase protein family.
Belongs to the pyridoxine kinase family.
Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family. MINPP1 subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 7 family.
Catalyzes the transfer of galactose onto proteins or lipids.
Binds 1 potassium ion per subunit. The potassium ion interacts primarily with the substrate.
Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. The magnesium ions interact primarily with the substrate.
Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 39 family.
Transfers mannose from Dol-P-mannose to Ser or Thr residues on proteins.
Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Structural component of the gap junctions.
Lipid-binding protein involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, also named ubiquinone, an essential lipid-soluble electron transporter for aerobic cellular respiration.
Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. Trehalose transporter subfamily.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK2 subfamily.
Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism. Adenylate kinase activity is critical for regulation of the phosphate utilization and the AMP de novo biosynthesis pathways.
Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon ATP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent ATP hydrolysis.
Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the fatty acyl-CoA reductase family.
Catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols.
Belongs to the PpiC/parvulin rotamase family. PIN4 subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Belongs to the ROX family. NO66 subfamily.
Oxygenase that can act as both a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase. Specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-36' (H3K36me) of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code.
Belongs to the SINA (Seven in absentia) family.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates.
The RING-type zinc finger domain is essential for ubiquitin ligase activity.
The SBD domain (substrate-binding domain) mediates the interaction with substrate proteins. It is related to the TRAF family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. TatD-type hydrolase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 22 family.
Component of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex which is composed of eight different subunits and is required for normal Golgi morphology and localization.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family.
Belongs to the DDOST 48 kDa subunit family.
Component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Belongs to the EF-1-beta/EF-1-delta family.
Serine protease that shows proteolytic activity against a non-specific substrate beta-casein. Promotes or induces cell death either by direct binding to and inhibition of BIRC proteins (also called inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, IAPs), leading to an increase in caspase activity, or by a BIRC inhibition-independent, caspase-independent and serine protease activity-dependent mechanism. Can antagonize antiapoptotic activity of th/Diap1 by directly inducing the degradation of th/Diap1.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
In eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.
Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the CSN7/EIF3M family. CSN7 subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL4 family.
Interacts with the flavoprotein subunit within the SDH catalytic dimer.
Plays an essential role in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme complex (also referred to as respiratory complex II) that is a component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and which couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) to ubiquinol. Required for flavinylation (covalent attachment of FAD) of the flavoprotein subunit of the SDH catalytic dimer.
Putative RNA polymerase II subunit B1 C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase involved in RNA polymerase II transcription regulation.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. EGF receptor subfamily.
Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class II subfamily.
NAD-dependent protein deacylase. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent hydrolysis of acyl groups from lysine residues.
Transcription elongation factor implicated in the maintenance of proper chromatin structure in actively transcribed regions.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family.
Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGN subfamily.
Ethanolamine phosphate transferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers ethanolamine phosphate to the first alpha-1,4-linked mannose of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol precursor of GPI-anchor.
Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family.
Belongs to the LanC-like protein family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.
Belongs to the CWC16 family. YJU2 subfamily.
Component of the spliceosome. Present in the activated B complex, the catalytically activated B* complex which catalyzes the branching, the catalytic step 1 C complex catalyzing the exon ligation, and the postcatalytic P complex containing the ligated exons (mRNA) and the excised lariat intron.
Part of the spliceosome which catalyzes two sequential transesterification reactions, first the excision of the non-coding intron from pre-mRNA and then the ligation of the coding exons to form the mature mRNA. Plays a role in stabilizing the structure of the spliceosome catalytic core and docking of the branch helix into the active site, producing 5'-exon and lariat intron-3'-intermediates.
Belongs to the integrin beta chain family.
Phospholipid scramblase involved in autophagy. Cycles between the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS) and the cytoplasmic vesicle pool and supplies membrane for the growing autophagosome. Lipid scramblase activity plays a key role in preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly by distributing the phospholipids that arrive through ATG2 from the cytoplasmic to the luminal leaflet of the bilayer, thereby driving autophagosomal membrane expansion.
Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family.
Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Heteromeric odorant receptor channel (TC 1.A.69) family.
May be involved in N-linked oligosaccharide assembly.
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis via the modulation of cell polarity development.
The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein.
The glycine cleavage system is composed of four proteins: P, T, L and H.
Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family.
Binds 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters per subunit. One cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives.
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks.
Required for proper 34S pre-rRNA processing and 60S ribosome subunit assembly.
Belongs to the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase family.
Binds 4 [4Fe-4S] clusters. Contains approximately 16 iron atoms per subunit.
Involved in pyrimidine base degradation. Catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.
Belongs to the complex I 23 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the peroxisomal membrane protein PXMP2/4 family.
Component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Non-catalytic component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster. The cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalytic tRNA acetyltransferase subunit of the elongator complex, which is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine). In the elongator complex, acts as a tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase by mediating formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.
Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 30 family.
Belongs to the TALE/PBX homeobox family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family.
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 (TIMP) family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Era GTPase family.
Fatty acid synthetase is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the de novo biosynthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA in the presence of NADPH. This multifunctional protein contains 7 catalytic activities and a site for the binding of the prosthetic group 4'-phosphopantetheine of the acyl carrier protein ([ACP]) domain.
Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the MoaC family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. MoaA family.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC24 subfamily.
Required for 60S pre-ribosomal subunits export to the cytoplasm.
Transposase-derived protein that may have nuclease activity (Potential). Does not have transposase activity.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes small subunit family.
Belongs to the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit family.
Non-catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin. Beta non-catalytic subunit acts as a scaffold on which the AMPK complex assembles, via its C-terminus that bridges alpha (PRKAA1 or PRKAA2) and gamma subunits (PRKAG1, PRKAG2 or PRKAG3).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Adenosine and AMP deaminases family. ADGF subfamily.
Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth.
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a non-competitive inhibitor that prevents formation of the closed enzyme conformation by binding to the same site as the amobile flap. In contrast, mizoribine monophosphate (MZP) is a competitive inhibitor that induces the closed conformation. MPA is a potent inhibitor of mammalian IMPDHs but a poor inhibitor of the bacterial enzymes. MZP is a more potent inhibitor of bacterial IMPDH.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL50 family.
Neddylation of cullins play an essential role in the regulation of SCF-type complexes activity.
Belongs to the type II topoisomerase family.
Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S11 family.
Component of the 19S proteasome regulatory particle complex. The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S core particle (CP) and two 19S regulatory subunits (RP). The regulatory particle is made of a lid composed of 9 subunits including PSMD13, a base containing 6 ATPases and few additional components.
Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair.
Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.
Belongs to the integrin alpha chain family.
Belongs to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase type II family.
Belongs to the dynein heavy chain family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL30 family.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family.
Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.
Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.
Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.
The HXXXXD motif is essential for acyltransferase activity and may constitute the binding site for the phosphate moiety of the glycerol-3-phosphate.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.
This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Aurora subfamily.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. MasA/MtnC family.
Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the enolization of 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P) into the intermediate 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate (HK-MTPenyl-1-P), which is then dephosphorylated to form the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene).
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins.
Belongs to the V-ATPase F subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex (By similarity). The V1 complex consists of three catalytic AB heterodimers that form a heterohexamer, three peripheral stalks each consisting of EG heterodimers, one central rotor including subunits D and F, and the regulatory subunits C and H (By similarity). The proton translocation complex V0 consists of the proton transport subunit a, a ring of proteolipid subunits c9c'', rotary subunit d, subunits e and f, and the accessory subunits VhaAC45 and ATP6AP2.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAF subfamily.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex. Interacts with H3K4me3 and to a lesser extent with H3K4me2.
The PHD-type zinc finger mediates the binding to H3K4me3.
Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln).
Belongs to the amidase family. GatA subfamily.
Subunit of the heterotrimeric GatCAB amidotransferase (AdT) complex, composed of A, B and C subunits.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Peptidase M19 family.
Belongs to the dynactin 150 kDa subunit family.
Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA.
Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB7 subunit family.
Belongs to the non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase family.
Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to free glucose and ceramide.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 2 family.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type-1 seryl-tRNA synthetase subfamily.
Probable acetyltransferase, which acetylates the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol during biosynthesis of GPI-anchor.
Belongs to the myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.
Belongs to the twisted gastrulation protein family.
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily.
Mediates high-affinity intracellular uptake of the rare oligo-element molybdenum.
TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. MAK3 subfamily.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase IV family.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 14 subunits.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
Belongs to the polypeptide deformylase family.
Removes the formyl group from the N-terminal Met of newly synthesized proteins.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase eukaryotic type 2 subfamily.
ATPase required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cytosol. This complex then targets to the endoplasmic reticulum by membrane-bound receptors, where the tail-anchored protein is released for insertion. This process is regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis. ATP binding drives the homodimer towards the closed dimer state, facilitating recognition of newly synthesized TA membrane proteins. ATP hydrolysis is required for insertion. Subsequently, the homodimer reverts towards the open dimer state, lowering its affinity for the membrane-bound receptor, and returning it to the cytosol to initiate a new round of targeting.
Component of a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex.
Component of the coenzyme Q biosynthetic pathway. May play a role in organizing a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex required for coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Required for steady-state levels of other COQ polypeptides.
Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.8) family.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruB family.
May be involved in the metabolism of insect hormones and in the breakdown of synthetic insecticides.
Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Belongs to the carnosine N-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. FANCM sub-subfamily.
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily.
Catalyzes the dehydration of the S-form of NAD(P)HX at the expense of ATP, which is converted to ADP. Together with NAD(P)HX epimerase, which catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms, the enzyme allows the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration.
Belongs to the extended synaptotagmin family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 1 family.
Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCG family. Eye pigment precursor importer (TC 3.A.1.204) subfamily.
Hydrolyzes N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA) which act as inhibitors of NOS. Has therefore a role in the regulation of nitric oxide generation.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC2 subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Quinone oxidoreductase subfamily.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain and the peripheric stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha(3)beta(3) subcomplex and subunit a/ATP6 static relative to the rotary elements.
Belongs to the ribonuclease III family. Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL44 subfamily.
Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits.
Involved in nucleotide metabolism via production of dUMP, the immediate precursor of thymidine nucleotides, and decreases the intracellular concentration of dUTP so that uracil cannot be incorporated into DNA.
Catalyzes the ferrous insertion into protoporphyrin IX.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family.
Belongs to the WD repeat PRL1/PRL2 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 32 family.
Belongs to the SLC13A/DASS transporter (TC 2.A.47) family. NADC subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family.
Belongs to the arylamine N-acetyltransferase family.
Belongs to the WD repeat coronin family.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. SLC25A38 subfamily.
Mitochondrial glycine transporter that imports glycine into the mitochondrial matrix. Plays an important role in providing glycine for the first enzymatic step in heme biosynthesis, the condensation of glycine with succinyl-CoA to produce 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) in the miochondrial matrix.
Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family.
Belongs to the diacylglycerol acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the DPH1/DPH2 family. DPH1 subfamily.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster per subunit. The cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalyzes the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2.
Involved in the 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl modification (mnm(5)s(2)U34) of the wobble uridine base in mitochondrial tRNAs.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. BET3 subfamily.
May play a role in vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi.
Part of the multisubunit TRAPP (transport protein particle) complex.
Belongs to the WWC family. KIBRA subfamily.
Forms a complex with Mer and Ex. Interacts (via domain WW 1) with Ex (via RXPPXY motif). Interacts with Mer, Sav, Hpo and Wts.
Regulator of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. Kibra acts synergistically along with Ex and Mer to regulate the Hippo signaling pathway.
Belongs to the PC-esterase family. CASD1 subfamily.
Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family.
Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins.
Heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha type and four PFD-beta type subunits.
Involved in the second step of GPI biosynthesis. De-N-acetylation of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol.
Belongs to the tRNA-intron endonuclease family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GCN5 subfamily.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family.
Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two-step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu).
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 25 family.
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family.
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I19 family.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. GalK subfamily.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the FGAMS family.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.
Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.
Has a role in transcriptional regulation. Acts in parallel with the Ras/MAPK and the PI3K/PKB pathways in the control of cell identity and cellular growth. Essential for regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell growth but not for cell proliferation or growth rate. Required specifically for the microtubule-based basal transport of lipid droplets. Plays a partially redundant function downstream of Raf in cell fate specification in the developing eye. Pair-rule protein that regulates embryonic cellularization, gastrulation and segmentation.
Hydrolyzes 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (HIBYL-CoA), a saline catabolite. Has high activity toward isobutyryl-CoA. Could be an isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase that functions in valine catabolism. Also hydrolyzes 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA.
Belongs to the methylthiotransferase family. CDKAL1 subfamily.
Binds 1 or 2 [4Fe-4S] cluster. One cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalyzes the methylthiolation of N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t(6)A), leading to the formation of 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms(2)t(6)A) at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine.
Plays an important role in regulating the size of autophagosomes during the formation process.
Belongs to the pyridoxal phosphate-binding protein YggS/PROSC family.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-binding protein, which may be involved in intracellular homeostatic regulation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6.
Belongs to the dynactin subunit 4 family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 29 family.
Belongs to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase type I family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the peroxidase family.
Belongs to the dynein light chain family.
Belongs to the WD repeat LIS1/nudF family.
Dimerization mediated by the LisH domain may be required to activate dynein.
Positively regulates the activity of the minus-end directed microtubule motor protein dynein. May enhance dynein-mediated microtubule sliding by targeting dynein to the microtubule plus end. Required for several dynein- and microtubule-dependent processes.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the HesA/MoeB/ThiF family. UBA4 subfamily.
Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Acts by mediating the C-terminal thiocarboxylation of the sulfur carrier URM1. Its N-terminus first activates URM1 as acyl-adenylate (-COAMP), then the persulfide sulfur on the catalytic cysteine is transferred to URM1 to form thiocarboxylation (-COSH) of its C-terminus. The reaction probably involves hydrogen sulfide that is generated from the persulfide intermediate and that acts as nucleophile towards URM1. Subsequently, a transient disulfide bond is formed. Does not use thiosulfate as sulfur donor; NFS1 probably acting as a sulfur donor for thiocarboxylation reactions.
Belongs to the apolipoprotein O/MICOS complex subunit Mic27 family.
Component of the MICOS complex, a large protein complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that plays crucial roles in the maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane.
Component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family.
Necessary for protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Belongs to the poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase family.
Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily.
The clip domain consists of 35-55 residues which are 'knitted' together usually by 3 conserved disulfide bonds forming a clip-like compact structure.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. UBA3 subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of the dimeric E1 enzyme, which activates NEDD8.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB1 subunit family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. DMPK subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily.
Multiubiquitin chain receptor involved in modulation of proteasomal degradation. Involved in nucleotide excision repair.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 56 family.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruD family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX1 subfamily.
The helicase domain is involved in the stimulation of RELA transcriptional activity.
Heterodimer with SRP9; binds RNA as heterodimer. Component of a signal recognition particle (SRP) complex that consists of a 7SL RNA molecule of 300 nucleotides and six protein subunits: SRP72, SRP68, SRP54, SRP19, SRP14 and SRP9.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IV subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 16 (GT16) protein family.
Belongs to the TALE/MEIS homeobox family.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Required for replication-independent chromatin assembly and for the periodic repression of histone gene transcription during the cell cycle.
The SMN complex catalyzes the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome, and thereby plays an important role in the splicing of cellular pre-mRNAs.
Can bind about 5 Ca(2+) ions per subunit.
Belongs to the WD repeat BOP1/ERB1 family.
Required for maturation of ribosomal RNAs and formation of the large ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Zeta family.
Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. MPPE1 family.
Associates primarily with CDK7 and MAT1 to form the CAK complex. CAK can further associate with the core-TFIIH to form the TFIIH basal transcription factor.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin C subfamily.
Regulates CDK7, the catalytic subunit of the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex. CAK activates the cyclin-associated kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 by threonine phosphorylation. CAK complexed to the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor activates RNA polymerase II by serine phosphorylation of the repetitive C-terminal domain (CTD) of its large subunit (POLR2A), allowing its escape from the promoter and elongation of the transcripts. Involved in cell cycle control and in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. Its expression and activity are constant throughout the cell cycle.
Belongs to the HMG-CoA reductase family.
Belongs to the Integrator subunit 2 family.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 3 family.
Transfers the glycosyl residue from UDP-Glc to the non-reducing end of alpha-1,4-glucan.
Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
Required presynaptically at the neuromuscular junction. Implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 8 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53) family.
Negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling.
Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family.
Belongs to the JHDM3 histone demethylase family.
Belongs to the activator 1 large subunit family.
Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. SLC30A subfamily.
Associates with 90S and pre-40S pre-ribosomal particles.
Component of the 90S pre-ribosome involved in the maturation of rRNAs. Required for early cleavages of the pre-RNAs in the 40S ribosomal subunit maturation pathway.
Belongs to the tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase family.
Heme-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the L-tryptophan (L-Trp) pyrrole ring and converts L-tryptophan to N-formyl-L-kynurenine. Catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the indole moiety.
Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AB hydrolase 2 family.
Belongs to the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase iron-sulfur protein family.
Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Belongs to the PEP-utilizing enzyme family.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family. GTP-specific subunit beta subfamily.
GTP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. The beta subunit determines specificity for GTP.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c-type heme lyase family.
Lyase that catalyzes the covalent linking of the heme group to the cytochrome C apoprotein to produce the mature functional cytochrome.
Interacts with ODC1 and thereby sterically blocks ODC homodimerization.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. ARD1 subfamily.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. NifS/IscS subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL38 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM5/TYW2 family.
Specifically methylates the N1 position of guanosine-37 in various cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Methylation is not dependent on the nature of the nucleoside 5' of the target nucleoside. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of wybutosine (yW), a modified base adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs and required for accurate decoding.
Adds a myristoyl group to the N-terminal glycine residue of certain cellular proteins.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family.
In the central section; belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. CAD subfamily.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. NUBP1/NBP35 subfamily.
Binds 4 [4Fe-4S] clusters per heterotetramer. Contains two stable clusters in the N-termini of NUBP1 and two labile, bridging clusters between subunits of the NUBP1-NUBP2 heterotetramer.
Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. The NUBP1-NUBP2 heterotetramer forms a Fe-S scaffold complex, mediating the de novo assembly of an Fe-S cluster and its transfer to target apoproteins.
Heterotetramer of 2 NUBP1 and 2 NUBP2 chains.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family.
Mannosylates Man(2)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate and Man(1)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate to form Man(3)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate.
ATP dependent phosphorylation of adenosine and other related nucleoside analogs to monophosphate derivatives.
Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family.
Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 3 family.
Receptor for netrin required for axon guidance. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding.
Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family.
The Q motif is unique to and characteristic of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases and controls ATP binding and hydrolysis.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin-like FAM58 subfamily.
Belongs to the UPL family. K-HECT subfamily.
Probably involved in transcriptional regulation.
Belongs to the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase superfamily. BTD/VNN family.
Belongs to the lipase maturation factor family.
Involved in the maturation of specific proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily.
Belongs to the Engrailed homeobox family.
Involved in transvection phenomena (= synapsis-dependent gene expression), where the synaptic pairing of chromosomes carrying genes with which zeste interacts influences the expression of these genes. Zeste binds to DNA and stimulates transcription from a nearby promoter.
Self-associates forming complexes of several hundred monomers.
Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E family.
Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions.
Belongs to the V-ATPase G subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 27 family.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Phe-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit type 2 subfamily.
Part of the AP-3 complex, an adaptor-related complex which is not clathrin-associated. The complex is associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral structures. It facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane and may be directly involved in trafficking to lysosomes. In concert with the BLOC-1 complex, AP-3 is required to target cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC3 subfamily.
Belongs to the anion channel-forming bestrophin (TC 1.A.46) family. Calcium-sensitive chloride channel subfamily.
Belongs to the SLC41A transporter family.
Calcium-selective channel required to prevent calcium stores from overfilling.
Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. Chitinase class II subfamily.
May be involved in fusion of retrograde transport vesicles derived from an endocytic compartment with the Golgi complex.
Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family. Sterol o-acyltransferase subfamily.
Homodimer or homotetramer; both forms have similar enzymatic activities.
Allosterically activated by ADP, AMP, or fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and allosterically inhibited by ATP or citrate.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. ATP-dependent PFK group I subfamily. Eukaryotic two domain clade "E" sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. ATP-dependent PFK group I subfamily. Eukaryotic two domain clade 'E' sub-subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by ATP, the first committing step of glycolysis.
Divalent metal cations. Prefers magnesium or manganese.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 27 family.
Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family.
Belongs to the nucleoporin interacting component (NIC) family.
Belongs to the strictosidine synthase family.
Belongs to the organo anion transporter (TC 2.A.60) family.
Part of the SNAPc complex composed of 5 subunits: SNAPC1, SNAPC2, SNAPC3, SNAPC4 and SNAPC5. SNAPC3 interacts with SNAPC1.
Part of the SNAPc complex required for the transcription of both RNA polymerase II and III small-nuclear RNA genes. Binds to the proximal sequence element (PSE), a non-TATA-box basal promoter element common to these 2 types of genes. Recruits TBP and BRF2 to the U6 snRNA TATA box.
Belongs to the complex I LYR family. LYRM9 subfamily.
Belongs to the sphingomyelin synthase family.
Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). May act by forming a heterodimer with NCS6/CTU1 that ligates sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB10 subunit family.
Belongs to the ATPase delta chain family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain and the peripheric stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha(3)beta(3) subcomplex and subunit a/ATP6 static relative to the rotary elements.
Belongs to the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 65 family.
Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family. ChaC subfamily.
Catalyzes the cleavage of glutathione into 5-oxo-L-proline and a Cys-Gly dipeptide. Acts specifically on glutathione, but not on other gamma-glutamyl peptides.
Belongs to the thioesterase PaaI family.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-Y family.
Deoxycytidyl transferase involved in DNA repair. Transfers a dCMP residue from dCTP to the 3'-end of a DNA primer in a template-dependent reaction. May assist in the first step in the bypass of abasic lesions by the insertion of a nucleotide opposite the lesion. Required for normal induction of mutations by physical and chemical agents.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CaMK subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. Mth subfamily.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin conjugation factor E4 family.
Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs.
Heterodimer with MAGOH. Part of the mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complex (EJC) complex; the core complex contains CASC3, EIF4A3, MAGOH and RBM8A.
Belongs to the folylpolyglutamate synthase family.
Catalyzes conversion of folates to polyglutamate derivatives allowing concentration of folate compounds in the cell and the intracellular retention of these cofactors, which are important substrates for most of the folate-dependent enzymes that are involved in one-carbon transfer reactions involved in purine, pyrimidine and amino acid synthesis.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 family.
Belongs to the potassium channel HCN family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL52 family.
Belongs to the alkaline ceramidase family.
Hydrolyzes the sphingolipid ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acid.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family.
Involved in the early part of the secretory pathway.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family.
Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts. Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome. Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step.
eIF-5A seems to be the only eukaryotic protein to have a hypusine residue which is a post-translational modification of a lysine by the addition of a butylamino group.
Belongs to the type IA topoisomerase family.
Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand.
Found in a mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complex (EJC). Found in a complex with SR proteins. Found in a mRNP complex with RNPS1. Component of the PSAP complex consisting of RNPS1, SAP18 and PNN. Interacts with PNISR, CTBP1, CTBP2, KRT8, KRT18, KRT19, PS1D/PNO40, PPIG, RNPS1, SFRS4 and SRRM2. Identified in the spliceosome C complex.
Component of ribonuclease P, a protein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends.
E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for autophagy.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA8 subunit family.
Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family.
Binds 2 magnesium ions. Also active with manganese.
Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. Sedlin subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL33 family.
Belongs to the aldolase class II family. Adducin subfamily.
Belongs to the aldolase class II family. MtnB subfamily.
Catalyzes the dehydration of methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P) into 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family.
Belongs to the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family. CDC42 subfamily.
Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 9 family.
Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family.
Belongs to the ATPase epsilon chain family.
Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family.
Interacts with KATNA1. This interaction enhances the microtubule binding and severing activity of KATNA1 and also targets this activity to the centrosome.
Participates in a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. May act to target the enzymatic subunit of this complex to sites of action such as the centrosome. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation.
Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.
Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. GalNAc-T subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.
Involved in the post-translational conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein. This arginylation is required for degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway.
Involved in the tethering of the SIN3 complex to core histone proteins.
Belongs to the HIBADH-related family. 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase subfamily.
Belongs to the vasopressin/oxytocin family.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. Fucose synthase subfamily.
Catalyzes the two-step NADP-dependent conversion of GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose to GDP-fucose, involving an epimerase and a reductase reaction.
Belongs to the GatB/GatE family. GatB subfamily.
Belongs to the GTP-binding elongation factor family. LepA subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. LepA subfamily.
Promotes mitochondrial protein synthesis. May act as a fidelity factor of the translation reaction, by catalyzing a one-codon backward translocation of tRNAs on improperly translocated ribosomes. Binds to mitochondrial ribosomes in a GTP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS5 subunit family.
Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. This is a component of the iron-sulfur (IP) fragment of the enzyme.
Belongs to the GTP-binding elongation factor family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Mitochondrial GTPase that catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.
Belongs to the peptidase S26 family. IMP2 subfamily.
Heterodimer of 2 subunits, IMMPL1 and IMMPL2.
Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. Glutamate--cysteine ligase light chain subfamily.
Heterodimer of a catalytic heavy chain and a regulatory light chain.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of some multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Belongs to the 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase family.
Key enzyme for ketone body catabolism. Transfers the CoA moiety from succinate to acetoacetate. Formation of the enzyme-CoA intermediate proceeds via an unstable anhydride species formed between the carboxylate groups of the enzyme and substrate.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.
Catalyzes an early step in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. Binds two molecules of 5-aminolevulinate per subunit, each at a distinct site, and catalyzes their condensation to form porphobilinogen.
Homooctamer; active form. Homohexamer; low activity form.
Belongs to the MsrA Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Homodimer. The monomeric form is inactive while the homodimer is active.
Involved in DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR). Possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand-specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity. Also involved in meiotic DSB processing.
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family.
Belongs to the nonaspanin (TM9SF) (TC 9.A.2) family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 17 family.
Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family.
Belongs to the lariat debranching enzyme family.
Plays a role as an effector of the ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2, ARL2.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS6 family.
In the central section; belongs to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. KappaB-Ras subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily.
EF-1 is composed of four subunits: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma.
Probably plays a role in anchoring the complex to other cellular components.
Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Gustatory receptor (GR) family.
Gustatory receptor which mediates acceptance or avoidance behavior, depending on its substrates.
Belongs to the helicase family. Dicer subfamily.
Belongs to the selenoprotein M/F family.
Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors.
Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METL family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase.
UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase catalyzing the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate into UDP-glucose, a crucial precursor for the production of glycogen.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. MFSD6 family.
Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. SCS7 subfamily.
Binds 2 Zn(2+) ions per subunit that likely form a catalytic dimetal center.
Catalyzes stereospecific hydroxylation of free fatty acids at the C-2 position to produce (R)-2-hydroxy fatty acids, which are building blocks of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids common in neural tissue and epidermis. Plays an essential role in the synthesis of galactosphingolipids of the myelin sheath. Responsible for the synthesis of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids involved in the formation of epidermal lamellar bodies critical for skin permeability barrier. Participates in the synthesis of glycosphingolipids and a fraction of type II wax diesters in sebaceous gland, specifically regulating hair follicle homeostasis. Involved in the synthesis of sphingolipids of plasma membrane rafts, controlling lipid raft mobility and trafficking of raft-associated proteins.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo6/eukaryotic RPB6 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I), RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complexes consisting of at least 13, 12 and 17 subunits, respectively.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKD subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. GlgB subfamily.
Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.
Has a role in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of proteins and mRNAs.
Belongs to the complex I 51 kDa subunit family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity and assembly of complex I.
Nuclear chaperone required for maturation and nuclear export of pre-60S ribosome subunits.
Belongs to the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) superfamily. SMUG1 family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium.
The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.
Belongs to the dynein light chain Tctex-type family.
Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Seems to contact the mother actin filament.
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx6 subfamily.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively.
Belongs to the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) (TC 2.A.105) family.
Mediates the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Component of the elongator complex which is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs.
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily.
Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Site 1 may preferentially bind zinc ions, while site 2 has a preference for magnesium and/or manganese ions.
Belongs to the RNase HII family. Eukaryotic subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of RNase HII, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes.
Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids.
Manganese or magnesium. Binds 1 divalent metal ion per monomer in the absence of substrate. May bind a second metal ion after substrate binding.
Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family.
Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I) complex consisting of at least 13 subunits.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors.
Belongs to the RNA 3'-terminal cyclase family. Type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the conversion of 3'-phosphate to a 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester at the end of RNA. The mechanism of action of the enzyme occurs in 3 steps: (A) adenylation of the enzyme by ATP; (B) transfer of adenylate to an RNA-N3'P to produce RNA-N3'PP5'A; (C) and attack of the adjacent 2'-hydroxyl on the 3'-phosphorus in the diester linkage to produce the cyclic end product. The biological role of this enzyme is unknown but it is likely to function in some aspects of cellular RNA processing.
Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
Belongs to the CTL (choline transporter-like) family.
Kinase that can phosphorylate various inositol polyphosphate such as Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 or Ins(1,3,4)P3.
Belongs to the MINDY deubiquitinase family. FAM188 subfamily.
Hydrolase that can remove 'Lys-48'-linked conjugated ubiquitin from proteins.
Component of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles containing H/ACA-type snoRNAs (H/ACA snoRNPs).
Required for ribosome biogenesis. Part of a complex which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA. This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Pseudouridine ("psi") residues may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family. DEGS subfamily.
Belongs to the riboflavin transporter family.
Plasma membrane transporter mediating the uptake by cells of the water soluble vitamin B2/riboflavin that plays a key role in biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions of the carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. rRNA adenine N(6)-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM61 family.
Catalytic subunit of tRNA (adenine-N(1)-)-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of N(1)-methyladenine at position 58 (m1A58) in initiator methionyl-tRNA.
Belongs to the nucleoporin Nup133 family.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 2 family.
Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family.
Component of the sequence-specific heterotrimeric transcription factor (NF-Y) which specifically recognizes a 5'-CCAAT-3' box motif found in the promoters of its target genes. NF-Y can function as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors.
May be a negative regulator of NF-kappa-B and p53-mediated gene transcription.
Belongs to the Diphthine--ammonia ligase family.
Belongs to the 5'-3' exonuclease family. XRN2/RAT1 subfamily.
Possesses 5'->3' exoribonuclease activity. May promote termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II.
Binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. SLC24A subfamily.
Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF13/WDSOF1 family.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. CPSF2/YSH1 subfamily.
Component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 92 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic diacylglycerol kinase family.
Belongs to the cAMP-dependent kinase regulatory chain family.
Mediates the production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular signaling cascades.
Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds.
Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic10 family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX41 subfamily.
Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family.
Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGG subfamily.
Putative Notch ligand involved in the mediation of Notch signaling.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit.
Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
Belongs to the TtcA family. CTU1/NCS6/ATPBD3 subfamily.
Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Directly binds tRNAs and probably acts by catalyzing adenylation of tRNAs, an intermediate required for 2-thiolation. It is unclear whether it acts as a sulfurtransferase that transfers sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. PAN3 family.
Contains a pseudokinase domain. The protein kinase domain is predicted to be catalytically inactive because some of the residues important for catalytic activity are substituted and it lacks the equivalent of the binding site for a peptide substrate. However, it has retained an ATP-binding site and ATP-binding is required for mRNA degradation, stimulating the activity of the PAN2 nuclease in vitro. The nucleotide-binding site is juxtaposed to the RNase active site of PAN2 in the complex and may actually bind nucleosides of a poly(A) RNA rather than ATP, feeding the poly(A)-tail to the active site of the deadenylase and thus increasing the efficiency with which this distributive enzyme degrades oligo(A) RNAs.
Homodimer. Forms a heterotrimer with a catalytic subunit PAN2 to form the poly(A)-nuclease (PAN) deadenylation complex. Interacts (via PAM-2 motif) with poly(A)-binding protein (via PABC domain), conferring substrate specificity of the enzyme complex.
Regulatory subunit of the poly(A)-nuclease (PAN) deadenylation complex, one of two cytoplasmic mRNA deadenylases involved in general and miRNA-mediated mRNA turnover. PAN specifically shortens poly(A) tails of RNA and the activity is stimulated by poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). PAN deadenylation is followed by rapid degradation of the shortened mRNA tails by the CCR4-NOT complex. Deadenylated mRNAs are then degraded by two alternative mechanisms, namely exosome-mediated 3'-5' exonucleolytic degradation, or deadenlyation-dependent mRNA decaping and subsequent 5'-3' exonucleolytic degradation by XRN1. PAN3 acts as a positive regulator for PAN activity, recruiting the catalytic subunit PAN2 to mRNA via its interaction with RNA and PABP, and to miRNA targets via its interaction with GW182 family proteins.
The N-terminal zinc finger binds to poly(A) RNA.
The pseudokinase domain, the coiled-coil (CC), and C-terminal knob domain (CK) form a structural unit (PKC) that forms an extensive high-affinity interaction surface for PAN2.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the GART family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the GARS family.
In the central section; belongs to the AIR synthase family.
Belongs to the Integrator subunit 10 family.
Common component of the spliceosome and rRNA processing machinery.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Omega family.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 26 family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo12/eukaryotic RPC10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S5A family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal PrmC-related family.
Belongs to the diuretic hormone class 2 family.
Catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of NAD from nicotinic acid, the ATP-dependent synthesis of beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from nicotinate and 5-phospho-D-ribose 1-phosphate. Helps prevent cellular oxidative stress via its role in NAD biosynthesis.
Transiently phosphorylated on a His residue during the reaction cycle. Phosphorylation strongly increases the affinity for substrates and increases the rate of nicotinate D-ribonucleotide production. Dephosphorylation regenerates the low-affinity form of the enzyme, leading to product release.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 37 family.
Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. Is also active with manganese (in vitro).
Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling.
Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN).
Component of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex.
Component of the 7-subunit TFIIH core complex.
In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape.
Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. SETD3 actin-histidine methyltransferase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the MoaB/Mog family.
Belongs to the glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase family.
Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits.
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase E subunit family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. IF-2 subfamily.
One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Protects formylmethionyl-tRNA from spontaneous hydrolysis and promotes its binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits. Also involved in the hydrolysis of GTP during the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. ISWI subfamily.
Belongs to the inward rectifier-type potassium channel (TC 1.A.2.1) family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. S6 kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 19 family.
Belongs to the GTR/RAG GTP-binding protein family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA7 subunit family.
Complex I is composed of 45 different subunits.
Belongs to the PNP/UDP phosphorylase family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase ATAT1 family.
Specifically acetylates 'Lys-40' in alpha-tubulin on the lumenal side of microtubules. Promotes microtubule destabilization and accelerates microtubule dynamics; this activity may be independent of acetylation activity. Acetylates alpha-tubulin with a slow enzymatic rate, due to a catalytic site that is not optimized for acetyl transfer. Enters the microtubule through each end and diffuses quickly throughout the lumen of microtubules. Acetylates only long/old microtubules because of its slow acetylation rate since it does not have time to act on dynamically unstable microtubules before the enzyme is released.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 23 family.
Belongs to the inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) (TC 2.A.20) family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. LCMT family.
Methylates the carboxyl group of the C-terminal leucine residue of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunits to form alpha-leucine ester residues.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Second largest core component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Proposed to contribute to the polymerase catalytic activity and forms the polymerase active center together with the largest subunit. Pol I is composed of mobile elements and RPA2 is part of the core element with the central large cleft and probably a clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft.
Belongs to the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. KIN-5/BimC subfamily.
Belongs to the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase subfamily.
Catalyzes the cofactor-independent reversible oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) to succinic semialdehyde (SSA) coupled to reduction of 2-ketoglutarate (2-KG) to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). L-3-hydroxybutyrate (L-3-OHB) is also a substrate for HOT when using 2-KG as hydrogen acceptor, resulting in the formation of D-2-HG.
May be involved in calcium-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Probably serves as a molecular bridge in ubiquitin E3 complexes. Participates in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of beta-catenin (CTNNB1).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS25 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL19 family.
Endonuclease that mediates miRNA decay of both protein-free and AGO2-loaded miRNAs.
Mediates sugar transport across membranes.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS18 family. Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS40 subfamily.
Belongs to the JARID1 histone demethylase family.
SNARE involved in targeting and fusion of ER-derived transport vesicles with the Golgi complex as well as Golgi-derived retrograde transport vesicles with the ER.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 30 family.
Acts as component of the retromer cargo-selective complex (CSC). The CSC is believed to be the core functional component of retromer or respective retromer complex variants acting to prevent missorting of selected transmembrane cargo proteins into the lysosomal degradation pathway.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.
Belongs to the thymidylate synthase family.
Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function.
Belongs to the CISD protein family. CISD2 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL19 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Has a role in the nuclear export of 40S pre-ribosomal subunit to the cytoplasm.
Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of most RAB proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL21 family.
Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family. SDE3 subfamily.
Belongs to the PIEZO (TC 1.A.75) family.
Belongs to the nucleoporin NSP1/NUP62 family.
Belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family.
Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication.
Belongs to the copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase family.
Belongs to the ANT/ATPSC lysine N-methyltransferase family.
Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C family.
Component of the U1 snRNP, which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA 5' splice-site and the subsequent assembly of the spliceosome. U1-C is directly involved in initial 5' splice-site recognition for both constitutive and regulated alternative splicing. The interaction with the 5' splice-site seems to precede base-pairing between the pre-mRNA and the U1 snRNA.
Component of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP, which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA 5' splice-site and the subsequent assembly of the spliceosome. U1-C is directly involved in initial 5' splice-site recognition for both constitutive and regulated alternative splicing. The interaction with the 5' splice-site seems to precede base-pairing between the pre-mRNA and the U1 snRNA. Stimulates commitment or early (E) complex formation by stabilizing the base pairing of the 5' end of the U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region.
U1 snRNP is composed of the 7 core Sm proteins B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F and G that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP, and at least 3 U1 snRNP-specific proteins U1-70K, U1-A and U1-C. U1-C interacts with U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region of the pre-mRNA.
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Oligomeric complex that consists of at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits.
The zeta subunit may be involved in regulating the coat assembly and, hence, the rate of biosynthetic protein transport due to its association-dissociation properties with the coatomer complex.
Belongs to the X(+)/potassium ATPases subunit beta family.
Belongs to the dynactin subunits 5/6 family. Dynactin subunit 6 subfamily.
Part of the dynactin complex that activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules.
Key enzyme involved in DNA replication and DNA repair. Involved in Okazaki fragments processing by cleaving long flaps that escape FEN1: flaps that are longer than 27 nucleotides are coated by replication protein A complex (RPA), leading to recruit DNA2 which cleaves the flap until it is too short to bind RPA and becomes a substrate for FEN1. Also involved in 5'-end resection of DNA during double-strand break (DSB) repair by mediating the cleavage of 5'-ssDNA.
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutL/HexB family.
Belongs to the CND2 H2 (condensin-2 subunit 2) family.
Belongs to the clathrin heavy chain family.
Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles.
Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic60 family.
Belongs to the POU transcription factor family.
Belongs to the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase type 1 family.
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (TC 1.A.9.5) subfamily.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class dual specificity subfamily.
Belongs to the syndecan proteoglycan family.
Belongs to the RecA family. RAD51 subfamily.
Binds to single and double-stranded DNA and exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Underwinds duplex DNA.
Exerts its effect at some terminal stage of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis, probably by being involved in the insertion of the copper B into subunit I.
Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. Purple acid phosphatase family.
Belongs to the ribose 5-phosphate isomerase family.
Belongs to the ERCC1/RAD10/SWI10 family.
Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown. Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate.
Belongs to the prickle / espinas / testin family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL53 family.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family.
Required for the export of mRNAs containing poly(A) tails from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. May be involved in the terminal step of the mRNA transport through the nuclear pore complex (NPC).
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Fibroblast growth factor receptor subfamily.
Belongs to the transcription factor STAT family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. PYROXD1 subfamily.
Involved in the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and its perinuclear clustering.
The C-terminus is required for mitochondrial localization, while the N-terminus is necessary for mitochondrial fission.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 11 family.
Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. DCC family.
Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 90 family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily.
Belongs to the cholesterol 7-desaturase family.
Belongs to the dihydrofolate reductase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Hydantoinase/dihydropyrimidinase family.
Carbamylation allows a single lysine to coordinate two divalent metal cations.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class CDC14 subfamily.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN6 subfamily.
Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes.
Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body.
Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits.
Interacts with the cannabinoid receptor CNR1 (via C-terminus). Does not interact with cannabinoid receptor CNR2.
Suppresses cannabinoid receptor CNR1-mediated tonic inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels.
6-O-sulfation enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of the N-sulfoglucosamine residue (GlcNS) of heparan sulfate.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 6 family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily.
Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family. VIP1 subfamily.
Bifunctional inositol kinase that acts in concert with the IP6K kinases to synthesize the diphosphate group-containing inositol pyrophosphates diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate, PP-InsP5, and bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate, (PP)2-InsP4. PP-InsP5 and (PP)2-InsP4, also respectively called InsP7 and InsP8, may regulate a variety of cellular processes, including apoptosis, vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics, and exocytosis. Phosphorylates inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6).
LSm subunits form a heteromer with a donut shape.
Probably involved with other LSm subunits in the general process of degradation of mRNAs.
Belongs to the spermidine/spermine synthase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIC subfamily.
Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS4 subunit family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB11 subunit family.
Belongs to the helicase family. RAD25/XPB subfamily.
Belongs to the PX domain-containing GAP family.
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit beta family.
Catalyzes the transfer of a farnesyl moiety from farnesyl diphosphate to a cysteine at the fourth position from the C-terminus of several proteins. The beta subunit is responsible for peptide-binding.
The GINS complex plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication.
Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells.
Belongs to the HIBADH-related family. NP60 subfamily.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F1F0 ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F1 - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F0 - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F1 is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F0 domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 10 family.
Belongs to the prokaryotic/mitochondrial release factor family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL46 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC7 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Associates with the EF-Tu.GDP complex and induces the exchange of GDP to GTP. It remains bound to the aminoacyl-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP complex up to the GTP hydrolysis stage on the ribosome.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. TRM7 subfamily.
Methylates the 2'-O-ribose of nucleotides at positions 32 and 34 of the tRNA anticodon loop of substrate tRNAs.
Component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module CAK controls the initiation of transcription.
Part of a TFIID-containing RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex that is composed of TBP and at least GTF2A1, GTF2A2, GTF2E1, GTF2E2, GTF2F1, GTF2H2, GTF2H3, GTF2H4, GTF2H5, GTF2B, TCEA1, ERCC2, ERCC3, TAF1, TAF2, TAF3, TAF4, TAF5, TAF6, TAF7, TAF8, TAF9, TAF10, TAF11, TAF12 and TAF13. Component of the 7-subunit TFIIH core complex composed of XPB/ERCC3, XPD/ERCC2, GTF2H1, GTF2H2, GTF2H3, GTF2H4 and GTF2H5, which is active in NER. The core complex associates with the 3-subunit CDK-activating kinase (CAK) module composed of CCNH/cyclin H, CDK7 and MNAT1 to form the 10-subunit holoenzyme (holo-TFIIH) active in transcription. Interacts with RARA; the interaction requires prior phosphorylation of RARA on 'Ser-369' which then enhances interaction of RARA with CDK7.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family.
Belongs to the type IB topoisomerase family.
Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at the specific target site 5'-[CT]CCTTp site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(3'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 5'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand thus removing DNA supercoils. Finally, in the religation step, the DNA 5'-OH attacks the covalent intermediate to expel the active-site tyrosine and restore the DNA phosphodiester backbone.
Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase II transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites. The arresting sites in DNA have the property of trapping a certain fraction of elongating RNA polymerases that pass through, resulting in locked ternary complexes. Cleavage of the nascent transcript by S-II allows the resumption of elongation from the new 3'-terminus.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS21 family.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis.
Cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the oxidative branch within the pentose phosphate pathway/shunt, an alternative route to glycolysis for the dissimilation of carbohydrates and a major source of reducing power and metabolic intermediates for fatty acid and nucleic acid biosynthetic processes.
Belongs to the ammonium transporter (TC 2.A.49) family. Rh subfamily.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Spinster (TC 2.A.1.49) family.
Potential effector of the planar cell polarity signaling pathway. Plays a role in targeted membrane trafficking most probably at the level of vesicle fusion with membranes. Involved in cilium biogenesis by regulating the transport of cargo proteins to the basal body and to the apical tips of cilia. More generally involved in exocytosis in secretory cells.
Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains.
Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane.
Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily.
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family.
Component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR).
Functions as an U snRNP-specific nuclear import adapter. Involved in the trimethylguanosine (m3G)-cap-dependent nuclear import of U snRNPs. Binds specifically to the terminal m3G-cap U snRNAs.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
Belongs to the pICln (TC 1.A.47) family.
Catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. In the first step, molybdopterin is adenylated. Subsequently, molybdate is inserted into adenylated molybdopterin and AMP is released.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the MoeA family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family.
Belongs to the kinesin light chain family.
Kinesin is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein that play a role in organelle transport.
Oligomeric complex composed of two heavy chains and two light chains.
Specific and highly efficient GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase regulating the levels of GDP-D-glucose in cells.
Belongs to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein family.
The Rieske protein is a high potential 2Fe-2S protein.
Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, composed of more than 70 proteins and the RNA chaperone small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) U3.
Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit. During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome.
Belongs to the VPS10-related sortilin family. SORL1 subfamily.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A family.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a catalytic core of 3 subunits and several supernumerary subunits. The complex exists as a monomer or a dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII).
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
Heterooligomeric complex of about 850 to 900 kDa that forms two stacked rings, 12 to 16 nm in diameter.
Molecular chaperone; assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. Known to play a role, in vitro, in the folding of actin and tubulin.
Belongs to the SMC family. RAD50 subfamily.
Belongs to the WD repeat WDR12/YTM1 family.
Arginine methyltransferase that can both catalyze the formation of omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA).
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase family. PRMT7 subfamily.
Essential arginine methyltransferase that can both catalyze the formation of omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA). Specifically mediates the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmD1 and SmD3.
Essential role in endosome membrane invagination and formation of multivesicular bodies, MVBs. Required during gastrulation and appears to regulate early embryonic signaling pathways. Inhibits tyrosine kinase receptor signaling by promoting degradation of the tyrosine-phosphorylated, active receptor, potentially by sorting activated receptors into MVBs. The MVBs are then trafficked to the lysosome where their contents are degraded.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. eIF4A subfamily.
Subunit of non-clathrin- and clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN) and/or endosomes. The AP complexes mediate both the recruitment of clathrin to membranes and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-3 appears to be involved in the sorting of a subset of transmembrane proteins targeted to lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. In concert with the BLOC-1 complex, AP-3 is required to target cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family.
Component of the nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC), a heterodimer composed of Cbp80 and Cbp20 that interacts with m7GpppG-capped RNA.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL12 family.
Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family.
Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. RIO-type Ser/Thr kinase family.
Directs RNA polymerase II nuclear import.
Belongs to the V-ATPase proteolipid subunit family.
Proton-conducting pore forming of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex. The V1 complex consists of three catalytic AB heterodimers that form a heterohexamer, three peripheral stalks each consisting of EG heterodimers, one central rotor including subunits D and F, and the regulatory subunits C and H. The proton translocation complex V0 consists of the proton transport subunit a, a ring of proteolipid subunits c9c'', rotary subunit d, subunits e and f, and the accessory subunits.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAC subfamily.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 15 family.
Ubiquitin ligase protein which is a component of the N-end rule pathway. Recognizes and binds to proteins bearing specific N-terminal residues that are destabilizing according to the N-end rule, leading to their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation.
Belongs to the adenosylhomocysteinase family.
Belongs to the WD repeat Groucho/TLE family.
Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL32 family.
Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL35 family.
Hexadecamer of 4 heterotetramers, each composed of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subunits. Alpha (PHKA1 or PHKA2) and beta (PHKB) are regulatory subunits, gamma (PHKG1 or PHKG2) is the catalytic subunit, and delta is calmodulin.
Component of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex.
Transfers mannose from GDP-mannose to dolichol monophosphate to form dolichol phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) which is the mannosyl donor in pathways leading to N-glycosylation, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchoring, and O-mannosylation of proteins.
Belongs to the dynactin subunits 5/6 family. Dynactin subunit 5 subfamily.
Belongs to the class VI-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase family.
Catalyzes the post-translational methylation of isoprenylated C-terminal cysteine residues.
Belongs to the PtdIns transfer protein family. PI transfer class IIA subfamily.
Belongs to the 2H phosphoesterase superfamily. USB1 family.
Phosphodiesterase responsible for the U6 snRNA 3' end processing. Acts as an exoribonuclease (RNase) responsible for trimming the poly(U) tract of the last nucleotides in the pre-U6 snRNA molecule, leading to the formation of mature U6 snRNA.
Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structures.
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I39 (alpha-2-macroglobulin) family.
Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family.
Belongs to the ATPase gamma chain family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(1) domain and the central stalk which is part of the complex rotary element. The gamma subunit protrudes into the catalytic domain formed of alpha(3)beta(3). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type V subfamily.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily.
Demethylates proteins that have been reversibly carboxymethylated.
Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family.
Serves as the first electron transfer protein in all the mitochondrial P450 systems including cholesterol side chain cleavage in all steroidogenic tissues, steroid 11-beta hydroxylation in the adrenal cortex, 25-OH-vitamin D3-24 hydroxylation in the kidney, and sterol C-27 hydroxylation in the liver.
Belongs to the methyltransferase TRM13 family.
tRNA methylase which 2'-O-methylates cytidine(4) in tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Gly)(GCC), and adenosine(4) in tRNA(His).
Belongs to the insect beta-1,3-glucan binding protein family.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family.
Part of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS38 family.
Component of the ESCRT-I complex, a regulator of vesicular trafficking process. Required for the sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies. May be involved in cell growth and differentiation.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL43 family.
ATP-dependent DNA helicase implicated in DNA repair and the maintenance of genomic stability. Acts as an anti-recombinase to counteract toxic recombination and limit crossover during meiosis. Regulates meiotic recombination and crossover homeostasis by physically dissociating strand invasion events and thereby promotes noncrossover repair by meiotic synthesis dependent strand annealing (SDSA) as well as disassembly of D loop recombination intermediates.
Belongs to the helicase family. RAD3/XPD subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo3/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Transfers mannosyl residues to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues.
Belongs to the Integrator subunit 3 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling Ino80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 31 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. EFM4 family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent protein-lysine N-methyltransferase that methylates elongation factor 1-alpha.
Cell autonomous antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC5 subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA2 subunit family.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B56 family.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase large chain family.
Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S9 family.
5'->3' double-stranded DNA exonuclease which may also possess a cryptic 3'->5' double-stranded DNA exonuclease activity. Functions in DNA mismatch repair.
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. EXO1 subfamily.
Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. They probably participate in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. May bind an additional third magnesium ion after substrate binding.
Functions as a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).
Belongs to the exonuclease superfamily. TREX family.
Mediates the side-chain deamidation of N-terminal glutamine residues to glutamate, an important step in N-end rule pathway of protein degradation. Conversion of the resulting N-terminal glutamine to glutamate renders the protein susceptible to arginylation, polyubiquitination and degradation as specified by the N-end rule. Does not act on substrates with internal or C-terminal glutamine and does not act on non-glutamine residues in any position.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.
Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate.
Involved in an early step of the mitochondrial complex IV assembly process.
Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations.
Occurs in many kinds of cells as a complex with monomeric actin in a 1:1 ratio.
Belongs to the CRF-binding protein family.
Binds CRF and inactivates it. May prevent inappropriate pituitary-adrenal stimulation in pregnancy.
Belongs to the reverse transcriptase family. Telomerase subfamily.
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. It elongates telomeres. It is a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. The coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Mannosyltransferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.
Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Catalyzes a salvage reaction resulting in the formation of AMP, that is energically less costly than de novo synthesis.
Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.
The active site is a redox-active disulfide bond.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS33 family.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. LDH family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.
Mannosyltransferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers the first alpha-1,4-mannose to GlcN-acyl-PI during GPI precursor assembly.
Essential component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase 1 which transfers the first of the 4 mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursors during GPI-anchor biosynthesis.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL42 family.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The SRP complex interacts with the signal sequence in nascent secretory and membrane proteins and directs them to the membrane of the ER.
Component of 250-400 kDa complexes called cytochrome oxidase assembly intermediates or COA complexes.
Required for assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV).
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. UMP-CMP kinase subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphates at the expense of ATP. Plays an important role in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Has preference for UMP and CMP as phosphate acceptors.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family. Delta-COP subfamily.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Catalytic component of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex.
Catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex that acts by directly joining spliced tRNA halves to mature-sized tRNAs by incorporating the precursor-derived splice junction phosphate into the mature tRNA as a canonical 3',5'-phosphodiester. May act as an RNA ligase with broad substrate specificity, and may function toward other RNAs.
Ligation probably proceeds through 3 nucleotidyl transfer steps, with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini being hydrolyzed to 3'-P termini in a step that precedes 3'-P activation with GMP. In the first nucleotidyl transfer step, RTCB reacts with GTP to form a covalent RTCB-histidine-GMP intermediate with release of PPi; in the second step, the GMP moiety is transferred to the RNA 3'-P; in the third step, the 5'-OH from the opposite RNA strand attacks the activated 3'-P to form a 3',5'-phosphodiester bond and release GMP.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.
Belongs to the glutamate--cysteine ligase type 3 family.
Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the nucleoside 5'-monophosphates deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) and deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP).
Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-II family.
Functions in the biosynthesis of the anionic phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. DCP2 subfamily.
Belongs to the WD repeat striatin family.
Plays a role in DNA repair. May be a component of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which promotes histone ubiquitination in response to UV irradiation. Histone ubiquitination may be important for subsequent DNA repair.
Probable subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors.
The PAL motif is required for normal active site conformation.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 2 family.
Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC34/RPC39 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific peripheric component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family.
Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), a key regulator of ciliary/flagellar motility which maintains the alignment and integrity of the distal axoneme and regulates microtubule sliding in motile axonemes.
Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. GB1/RHD3 GTPase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. WEE1 subfamily.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase family.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.
Interacts with Pka-C3; interaction inhibits the catalytic function of Pka-C3 and the esterase activity of sws.
Phospholipase B that deacylates intracellular phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), generating glycerophosphocholine (GroPtdCho). This deacylation occurs at both sn-2 and sn-1 positions of PtdCho. Its specific chemical modification by certain organophosphorus (OP) compounds leads to distal axonopathy. Plays a role in the signaling mechanism between neurons and glia that regulates glia wrapping during development of the adult brain. Essential for membrane lipid homeostasis and cell survival in both neurons and glia of the adult brain.
Belongs to the myo-inositol oxygenase family.
The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. MOCOS subfamily.
Sulfurates the molybdenum cofactor. Sulfation of molybdenum is essential for xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and aldehyde oxidase (ADO) enzymes in which molybdenum cofactor is liganded by 1 oxygen and 1 sulfur atom in active form.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.
Required for proper homologous chromosome pairing and efficient cross-over and intragenic recombination during meiosis.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and transfers it to substrates, generally promoting their degradation by the proteasome.
ATP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family. ATP-specific subunit beta subfamily.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. The beta subunit determines specificity for ATP.
Involved in calcium binding and microtubule stabilization.
Belongs to the homogentisate dioxygenase family.
mRNA-binding protein involved in proper cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL27 family.
Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate.
Plays a role in determining ER morphology.
The C4-type zinc finger motif is necessary both for its ER three-way tubular junction localization and formation.
Catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), an essential intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol.
Belongs to the protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 family.
Bifunctional DNA N-glycosylase with associated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase function that catalyzes the first step in base excision repair (BER), the primary repair pathway for the repair of oxidative DNA damage. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases the damaged DNA base from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP site. The AP lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination. Primarily recognizes and repairs oxidative base damage of pyrimidines.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster. The cluster does not appear to play a role in catalysis, but is probably involved in the proper positioning of the enzyme along the DNA strand.
Belongs to the nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) family.
Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs.
Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II).
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. ADCK protein kinase family.
Acts as a sulfur carrier required for molybdopterin biosynthesis. Component of the molybdopterin synthase complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group. In the complex, serves as sulfur donor by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by MOCS3. After interaction with MOCS2B, the sulfur is then transferred to precursor Z to form molybdopterin.
Belongs to the MoaD family. MOCS2A subfamily.
C-terminal thiocarboxylation occurs in 2 steps, it is first acyl-adenylated (-COAMP) via the hesA/moeB/thiF part of MOCS3, then thiocarboxylated (-COSH) via the rhodanese domain of MOCS3.
Heterotetramer; composed of 2 small (MOCS2A) and 2 large (MOCS2B) subunits.
This protein is produced by a bicistronic gene which also produces the large subunit (MOCS2B).
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. BPG-dependent PGAM subfamily.
Converts O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) required for selenoprotein biosynthesis.
Homotetramer formed by a catalytic dimer and a non-catalytic dimer serving as a binding platform that orients tRNASec for catalysis. Each tetramer binds the CCA ends of two tRNAs which point to the active sites of the catalytic dimer.
Decapping scavenger enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of a residual cap structure following the degradation of mRNAs by the 3'->5' exosome-mediated mRNA decay pathway.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A family.
Belongs to the D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RsmH family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family.
Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit.
As part of the NSL complex it is involved in acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 on several lysine residues and therefore may be involved in the regulation of transcription.
Component of the NSL complex at least composed of MOF/KAT8, KANSL1, KANSL2, KANSL3, MCRS1, PHF20, OGT1/OGT, WDR5 and HCFC1.
Belongs to the GSK-3-binding protein family.
Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS31 family.
Belongs to the peptidase C12 family. BAP1 subfamily.
Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic component of the PR-DUB complex, a complex that specifically mediates deubiquitination of histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-118' (H2AK118ub1). Does not deubiquitinate monoubiquitinated histone H2B. Required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. The PR-DUB complex has weak or no activity toward 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains.
The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes.
Component of the PEX13-PEX14 docking complex, a translocon channel that specifically mediates the import of peroxisomal cargo proteins bound to PEX5 receptor. The PEX13-PEX14 docking complex forms a large import pore which can be opened to a diameter of about 9 nm. Mechanistically, PEX5 receptor along with cargo proteins associates with the PEX14 subunit of the PEX13-PEX14 docking complex in the cytosol, leading to the insertion of the receptor into the organelle membrane with the concomitant translocation of the cargo into the peroxisome matrix.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Organophosphate:Pi antiporter (OPA) (TC 2.A.1.4) family.
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. FEN1 subfamily.
Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-terminated flap. Acts as a genome stabilization factor that prevents flaps from equilibrating into structures that lead to duplications and deletions. Also possesses 5'-3' exonuclease activity on nicked or gapped double-stranded DNA, and exhibits RNase H activity. Also involved in replication and repair of rDNA and in repairing mitochondrial DNA.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family.
Belongs to the pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase family.
Catalyzes the oxidation of either pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) into pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP).
Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.
Belongs to the biotin--protein ligase family.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine synthase family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX18/HAS1 subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 99 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family.
Plays a role in mitochondrial morphogenesis.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. HMG-CoA synthase family.
Catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA.
Belongs to the neutral sphingomyelinase family.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MNB/DYRK subfamily.
Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family.
Catalyzes the prenylation of para-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) with an all-trans polyprenyl group. Mediates the second step in the final reaction sequence of coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, which is the condensation of the polyisoprenoid side chain with PHB, generating the first membrane-bound Q intermediate.
Belongs to the phosphorylase b kinase regulatory chain family.
Phosphorylase b kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine in certain substrates, including troponin I.
Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family.
Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family.
Supercomplex made of cofactors A to E. Cofactors A and D function by capturing and stabilizing tubulin in a quasi-native conformation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state.
Required for 40S ribosome biogenesis. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.
Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. USP14/UBP6 subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 49 family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL40 family.
Transcription elongation factor that enhances transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII).
Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed to be not involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Required for correct functioning of the GINS complex, a complex that plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication, and progression of DNA replication forks. GINS complex seems to bind preferentially to single-stranded DNA.
Belongs to the ETF alpha-subunit/FixB family.
The electron transfer flavoprotein serves as a specific electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases, including five acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, glutaryl-CoA and sarcosine dehydrogenase. It transfers the electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase).
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 38 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB4 subunit family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class subfamily.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UFC1 subfamily.
E1-like enzyme which specifically catalyzes the second step in ufmylation. Ufmylation is involved in reticulophagy (also called ER-phagy) induced in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
May play a role in anterograde transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP] family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the AIR carboxylase family. Class II subfamily.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the SAICAR synthetase family.
Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family.
Allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogen catabolism, the phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate, and plays a central role in maintaining cellular and organismal glucose homeostasis.
Belongs to the glycogen phosphorylase family.
Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport pathways.
Component of the signal peptidase complex.
Belongs to the very long-chain fatty acids dehydratase HACD family.
Catalyzes the third of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of two carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate into trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA, within each cycle of fatty acid elongation. Thereby, it participates to the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.
Belongs to the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL24 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
Specific component of the STT3A-containing form of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
Belongs to the learning-associated protein family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL6 family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complexes consisting of at least 13 and 17 subunits, respectively.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common core component of RNA polymerases I and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.
Belongs to the prenylcysteine oxidase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL36 family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2) to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P).
Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase large subunit family.
DNA primase is the polymerase that synthesizes small RNA primers for the Okazaki fragments made during discontinuous DNA replication.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 11 family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2.A.17) family.
Has antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria including S.aureus, P.aeruginosa and M.tuberculosis. Acts by inducing bacterial membrane breakage.
Induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are necessary for cell proliferation. May play a role in inducing oxidative DNA damage and replicative senescence. May play a role in the coordination of mitochondrial morphology and cell proliferation.
Belongs to the 5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase family.
Belongs to the transglutaminase superfamily. Transglutaminase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. ALDH1L subfamily.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the GART family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX47/RRP3 subfamily.
Belongs to the WD repeat NOL10/ENP2 family.
May be involved in the degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
Belongs to the VEFS (VRN2-EMF2-FIS2-SU(Z)12) family.
Belongs to the arthropod CHH/MIH/GIH/VIH hormone family.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK3 subfamily.
Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon GTP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent GTP hydrolysis.
Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates. Has GTP:AMP phosphotransferase and ITP:AMP phosphotransferase activities.
A segment polarity gene required for wingless (wg)-dependent patterning processes, acting in both wg-sending cells and wg-target cells. In non-neuronal cells wls directs wg secretion. The wls traffic loop encompasses the Golgi, the cell surface, an endocytic compartment and a retrograde route leading back to the Golgi, and involves clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the retromer complex (a conserved protein complex consisting of Vps35 and Vps26). In neuronal cells (the larval motorneuron NMJ), the wg signal moves across the synapse via the release of wls-containing exosome-like vesicles. Postsynaptic wls is required for the trafficking of fz2 through the fz2-interacting protein Grip.
Interacts with wg; in the Golgi. Interacts with Vps35, a component of the retromer complex; wls stability is regulated by Vps35.
Belongs to the SLC12A transporter family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family.
Belongs to the vacuolar ATPase subunit S1 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB6 subunit family.
Belongs to the NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the flavodoxin family.
This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5.
Constitutively interacts with CASP4; required for the localization of procaspase 4 to the ER.
Critical mediator, in cooperation with CASP4, of endoplasmic reticulum-stress induced apoptosis. Required or the activation of CASP4 following endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Belongs to the glucosamine/galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase family. 6-phosphogluconolactonase subfamily.
Hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconate.
Plays a role in the recruitment of the exosome to pre-rRNA to mediate the 3'-5' end processing of the 5.8S rRNA.
Molecular scaffold for [Fe-S] cluster assembly of mitochondrial iron-sulfur proteins.
Belongs to the Integrator subunit 7 family.
This protein is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand.
Component of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC).
Required for gamma-tubulin complex recruitment to the centrosome.
Belongs to the constitutive coactivator of PPAR-gamma family.
Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the flagellar radial spoke RSP3 family.
Belongs to the formin homology family. Diaphanous subfamily.
Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. GuaC type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the irreversible NADPH-dependent deamination of GMP to IMP. It functions in the conversion of nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides, and in maintaining the intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides.
Belongs to the PPase class C family. Prune subfamily.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. May be the terminally assembled subunit of Complex I.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFV3 subunit family.
Complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. This is a component of the flavoprotein-sulfur (FP) fragment of the enzyme.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL15 family.
Belongs to the ALG6/ALG8 glucosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB4 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the chloride channel MCLC family.
Belongs to the small G protein signaling modulator family.
Forms a regulatory protein-RNA complex, consisting of RCC1L, NGRN, RPUSD3, RPUSD4, TRUB2, FASTKD2 and 16S mt-rRNA. Interacts with 16S mt-rRNA; this interaction is direct.
Plays an essential role in mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis. As a component of a functional protein-RNA module, consisting of RCC1L, NGRN, RPUSD3, RPUSD4, TRUB2, FASTKD2 and 16S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA), controls 16S mt-rRNA abundance and is required for intra-mitochondrial translation of core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system.
Belongs to the sepiapterin reductase family.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome.
Adaptins are components of the adapter complexes which link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles.
Adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) is a heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins (alpha-type and beta-type subunits), a medium adaptin (mu-type subunit) and a small adaptin (sigma-type subunit).
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Vesicular transporter family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL51 family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-binding protein that acts as an inhibitor of mTORC1 signaling. Acts as a sensor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to signal methionine sufficiency to mTORC1. Probably also acts as a S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA5 subunit family.
Belongs to the phosphatidyl serine synthase family.
Catalyzes a base-exchange reaction in which the polar head group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is replaced by L-serine.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the glucosamine/galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase family.
Essential component of the TIM23 complex, a complex that mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. cGMP subfamily.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S14 family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class myotubularin subfamily.
Essential component of the mitotic checkpoint, which prevents cells from prematurely exiting mitosis. Required for the assembly of the dynein-dynactin and MAD1-MAD2 complexes onto kinetochores. Its function related to the spindle assembly machinery is proposed to depend on its association in the mitotic RZZ complex.
Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly machinery. Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. SerC subfamily.
Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate to phosphoserine and of 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate to phosphohydroxythreonine.
Belongs to the retinoblastoma protein (RB) family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UEV subfamily.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B.
Forms a well-packed pentamer with an overall cylindrical shape. The inner core of the pentamer is formed with the second transmembrane region and the second coiled-coil region: while the transmembrane regions pack into a five-helix bundle having a largely polar pore across the membrane, the coiled-coil outside the membrane forms a pentamer with a hydrophobic core. The inner core is wrapped by the first transmembrane region through contacts between the first and the second transmembrane regions. The second transmembrane is followed by the inner juxtamembrane region (IJMH) that orients at a wide angle relative to the second transmembrane. The two core domains are held together on the periphery by the outer juxtamembrane helix (OJMH).
Mitochondrial inner membrane calcium uniporter that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria. Constitutes a pore-forming and calcium-conducting subunit. Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays key roles in cellular physiology and regulates cell bioenergetics, cytoplasmic calcium signals and activation of cell death pathways.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 24 family.
Belongs to the Rab3-GAP regulatory subunit family.
Belongs to the DPH1/DPH2 family. DPH2 subfamily.
Required for the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2. DPH1 and DPH2 transfer a 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl (ACP) group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to a histidine residue, the reaction is assisted by a reduction system comprising DPH3 and a NADH-dependent reductase. Facilitates the reduction of the catalytic iron-sulfur cluster found in the DPH1 subunit.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo5/eukaryotic RPB5 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS27 family.
Belongs to the actin family. ARP8 subfamily.
Component of the chromatin remodeling Ino80 complex. Exists as monomers and dimers, but the dimer is most probably the biologically relevant form required for stable interactions with histones that exploits the twofold symmetry of the nucleosome core.
Plays an important role in the functional organization of mitotic chromosomes. Exhibits low basal ATPase activity, and unable to polymerize.
Belongs to the V-ATPase V0D/AC39 subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL17 family.
Required for the function of coenzyme Q in the respiratory chain. May serve as a chaperone or may be involved in the transport of Q6 from its site of synthesis to the catalytic sites of the respiratory complexes.
Involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility. Acts in association with DOCK1 and CRK. Was initially proposed to be required in complex with DOCK1 to activate Rac Rho small GTPases. May enhance the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of DOCK1.
E3 UFM1-protein ligase that mediates ufmylation of target proteins.
Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family.
Involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans; hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase subunit F6 family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase delta/II small subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPA49/POLR1E RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the NUP186/NUP192/NUP205 family.
Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein alpha subunit family.
F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments.
Belongs to the hcp beta-lactamase family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS29 family.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. SerB family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AB hydrolase 4 family.
Catalytic subunit of an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tRNA methyltransferase complex that mediates the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNAs.
Constitutes one of the two catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5'- and 3'-splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structural features of the tRNA body.
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit alpha family.
Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGO subfamily.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 14 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC5/Polo subfamily.
Belongs to the V-ATPase D subunit family.
Has a role in transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit; can use either Mg(2+) or Mn(2+).
Pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes non-canonical purine nucleotides such as inosine triphosphate (ITP), deoxyinosine triphosphate (dITP) or xanthosine 5'-triphosphate (XTP) to their respective monophosphate derivatives. The enzyme does not distinguish between the deoxy- and ribose forms. Probably excludes non-canonical purines from RNA and DNA precursor pools, thus preventing their incorporation into RNA and DNA and avoiding chromosomal lesions.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 7 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery.
Component of several multiprotein Golgi SNARE complexes.
Involved in transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus as well as in intra-Golgi transport. It belongs to a super-family of proteins called t-SNAREs or soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. NOG subfamily.
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL21 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL34 family.
Belongs to the helicase family. PIF1 subfamily.
DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase required for the maintenance of both mitochondrial and nuclear genome stability.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA M5U methyltransferase family.
DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes consensus sequences at the breakpoint junctions in chromosomal translocations, mostly involving immunoglobulin (Ig)/T-cell receptor gene segments. Seems to recognize single-stranded DNA ends generated by staggered breaks occurring at recombination hot spots.
Exhibits both single-stranded and double-stranded endoribonuclease activity. May act as an activator of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) by facilitating endonucleolytic cleavage of the siRNA passenger strand.
Ring-shaped heterooctamer of six TSN and two TSNAX subunits, DNA/RNA binding occurs inside the ring.
Belongs to the TTC30/dfy-1/fleer family.
Required for polyglutamylation of axonemal tubulin. Plays a role in anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), the process by which cilia precursors are transported from the base of the cilium to the site of their incorporation at the tip.
G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma.
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.
Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 6 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. BUD32 family.
Belongs to the eIF4E-binding protein family.
Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-2 family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIIa family.
Stimulates the RNA helicase activity of EIF4A in the translation initiation complex. Binds weakly mRNA.
Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family.
Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. DIPP subfamily.
Required to protect lysosomal transporter MFSD1 from lysosomal proteolysis and for MFSD1 lysosomal localization.
Belongs to the oligoribonuclease family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA1 subunit family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of queuosine 5'-phosphate, releasing the nucleobase queuine (q). Is required for salvage of queuine from exogenous queuosine (Q) that is imported and then converted to queuosine 5'-phosphate intracellularly.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the SLC35F solute transporter family.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Alax-L subfamily.
Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two-step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain.
Consists of three domains; the N-terminal catalytic domain, the editing domain and the C-terminal C-Ala domain. The editing domain removes incorrectly charged amino acids, while the C-Ala domain, along with tRNA(Ala), serves as a bridge to cooperatively bring together the editing and aminoacylation centers thus stimulating deacylation of misacylated tRNAs.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL49 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase e1/e2 subunit family.
Dual specificity phosphatase able to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues, with a preference for phosphotyrosine as a substrate.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 3 family.
Belongs to the membrane magnesium transporter (TC 1.A.67) family.
Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins. May be involved in Mg(2+) transport.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.
Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA.
Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. FRD/SDH subfamily.
Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Splice factor that binds to the single-stranded 3'AG at the exon/intron border and promotes its utilization in the second catalytic step. Involved in the regulation of alternative splicing and the utilization of cryptic splice sites.
Tubulin-folding protein; involved in the early step of the tubulin folding pathway.
Belongs to the CND2 (condensin subunit 2) family.
Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily.
Interacts with EME1 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, D-loops, replication forks and nicked Holliday junctions. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication fork intermediates. May be required in meiosis for the repair of meiosis-specific double strand breaks subsequent to single-end invasion (SEI).
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B family.
Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.
Belongs to the polyadenylate-binding protein type-1 family.
Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.
Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, that promotes sister chromatid alignment after DNA damage and facilitates double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) repair via homologous recombination between sister chromatids.
Involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking.
Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Can also form homotetramers.
Mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis. Terminal step in leucine catabolism. Ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are essential as an alternative source of energy to glucose, as lipid precursors and as regulators of metabolism.
As part of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, that form during DNA replication or upon DNA stress. It prevents their reannealing and in parallel, recruits and activates different proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism. Thereby, it plays an essential role both in DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 1 family.
Component of the heterotrimeric canonical replication protein A complex (RPA).
Involved in transport of proteins from the cis/medial-Golgi to the trans-Golgi network.
Belongs to the eukaryotic-type N-acetylglucosamine kinase family.
Forms a heterodimer with the catalytic subunit.
Required for the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA. In the complex, it is required to stabilize and induce conformational changes of the catalytic subunit.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. TrmE GTPase family.
Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I type 2/NIF3 family.
Essential component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly machinery. Required for the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins.
Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIIc family.
Binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the 40S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex in the cytoplasm. May also be involved in ribosome biogenesis.
Monomer. Associates with the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen-III synthase family.
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2) during ubiquinone biosynthesis. Has also a structural role in the COQ enzyme complex, stabilizing other COQ polypeptides. Involved in lifespan determination in a ubiquinone-independent manner.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Probably involved in the biogenesis of the COX complex.
Necessary for the survival of cerebellar neurons. Induces neuritogenesis by activating the Ras-MAP kinase pathway. May play a role in the maintenance of a critical intracellular glycosylation level and homeostasis.
Molecular adapter which is involved in cilium biogenesis. Part of a functional complex including OFD1 a centriolar protein involved in cilium assembly. Could regulate the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of OFD1, and its subsequent ubiquitination by PJA2 which ultimately leads to its proteasomal degradation.
Belongs to the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase family.
Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. May play a role in binding dynein to membranous organelles or chromosomes.
Belongs to the dynein light intermediate chain family.
Homodimer. The cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex consists of two catalytic heavy chains (HCs) and a number of non-catalytic subunits presented by intermediate chains (ICs).
Belongs to the complex I 30 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the calcium channel beta subunit family.
Cysteine protease that plays a key role in autophagy by mediating both proteolytic activation and delipidation of ATG8 family proteins.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Required for association of the cohesin complex with chromatin during interphase. Plays a role in sister chromatid cohesion and normal progression through prometaphase.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL22 family.
Catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 13 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Belongs to the RNA 3'-terminal cyclase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the aerobic coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase family.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. PCH2 subfamily.
Belongs to the RBR family. Parkin subfamily.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase CarF family.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. Mevalonate kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. BCS1 subfamily.
Belongs to the Cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase family.
Probable adapter protein that bind to and organize the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins containing some PDZ recognition sequence. Involved in the clustering of various receptors, possibly by acting at the receptor internalization level. Plays a role in synaptic plasticity by regulating the trafficking and internalization of AMPA receptors. May be regulated upon PRKCA activation. May regulate ASIC1/ASIC3 channel. Regulates actin polymerization by inhibiting the actin-nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex; the function is competitive with nucleation promoting factors and is linked to neuronal morphology regulation and AMPA receptor (AMPAR) endocytosis. Via interaction with the Arp2/3 complex involved in regulation of synaptic plasicity of excitatory synapses and required for spine shrinkage during long-term depression (LTD). Involved in regulation of astrocyte morphology, antagonistic to Arp2/3 complex activator WASL/N-WASP function.
Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic.
Substrate-binding subunit (component A) of the Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) complex. Binds unprenylated Rab proteins and presents the substrate peptide to the catalytic component B. The component A is thought to be regenerated by transferring its prenylated Rab back to the donor membrane.
Belongs to the RIN (Ras interaction/interference) family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the sulfate adenylyltransferase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the APS kinase family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX54/DBP10 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL42 family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB11 is part of the core element with the central large cleft.
Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and may therefore play an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 10 family.
Belongs to the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta subunit family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the transaldolase family. Type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the non-oxidative phase in the pentose phosphate pathway. Catalyzes the reversible conversion of sedheptulose-7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into erythrose-4-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate.
Belongs to the SOS response-associated peptidase family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL41 family.
Stabilizer subunit of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex; tethers catalytic subunit to the ER.
Belongs to the glutamate synthase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.
Homodimer. Interacts with microtubules via its N-terminus.
Belongs to the ATP:guanido phosphotransferase family.
Belongs to the diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase family.
Catalyzes the ATP dependent decarboxylation of (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate to form isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). Functions in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway leading to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), a key precursor for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids and sterol synthesis.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS25 family.
Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen.
Chaperone protein which promotes assembly of the 20S proteasome as part of a heterodimer with PSMG1.
Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G family.
Exhibits ester hydrolase activity on the substrate p-nitrophenyl acetate.
Belongs to the enhancer of polycomb family.
Extremely potent competitive inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, this protein interacts with the catalytic subunit of the enzyme after the cAMP-induced dissociation of its regulatory chains.
Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. Part of an electron transfer chain functioning in an early step of cytosolic Fe-S biogenesis, facilitating the de novo assembly of a [4Fe-4S] cluster on the cytosolic Fe-S scaffold complex. Electrons are transferred from NADPH via a FAD- and FMN-containing diflavin oxidoreductase. Together with the diflavin oxidoreductase, also required for the assembly of the diferric tyrosyl radical cofactor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), probably by providing electrons for reduction during radical cofactor maturation in the catalytic small subunit.
The C-terminal domain binds 2 Fe-S clusters but is otherwise mostly in an intrinsically disordered conformation.
The N-terminal domain has structural similarity with S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases, but does not bind S-adenosyl-L-methionine. It is required for correct assembly of the 2 Fe-S clusters.
The twin Cx2C motifs are involved in the recognition by the mitochondrial MIA40-ERV1 disulfide relay system. The formation of 2 disulfide bonds in the Cx2C motifs through dithiol/disulfide exchange reactions effectively traps the protein in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Belongs to the shaker potassium channel beta subunit family.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA13 subunit family.
Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis.
Belongs to the pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase family.
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.
Non-catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 85 family.
Belongs to the YY transcription factor family.
Belongs to the TFIIF beta subunit family.
TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB.
Binds 1 heme c group covalently per subunit.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network.
Belongs to the glycerate kinase type-2 family.
Transmembrane component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. Required for ciliogenesis and sonic hedgehog/SHH signaling.
Belongs to the non-repetitive/WGA-negative nucleoporin family.
Acts as a transcriptional repressor. May be involved in DNA damage-inducible cell cycle arrests (checkpoints).
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. XPG subfamily.
Component of the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which binds to the mRNA cap-proximal region, scans mRNA 5'-untranslated region, and locates the initiation codon. This protein enhances formation of the cap-proximal complex. Together with EIF1, facilitates scanning, start codon recognition, promotion of the assembly of 48S complex at the initiation codon (43S PIC becomes 48S PIC after the start codon is reached), and dissociation of aberrant complexes. After start codon location, together with EIF5B orients the initiator methionine-tRNA in a conformation that allows 60S ribosomal subunit joining to form the 80S initiation complex. Is released after 80S initiation complex formation, just after GTP hydrolysis by EIF5B, and before release of EIF5B. Its globular part is located in the A site of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Its interaction with EIF5 during scanning contribute to the maintenance of EIF1 within the open 43S PIC. In contrast to yeast orthologs, does not bind EIF1.
Part of TORC1 complex. Part of the TORC2 complex.
Subunit of TORC1 and TORC2, which regulate cell growth and survival in response to nutrient and hormonal signals.
Belongs to the mitochondrial Rho GTPase family.
Mitochondrial GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking.
Belongs to the FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the autoinducer-2 exporter (AI-2E) (TC 2.A.86) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase epsilon family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 23 family.
Catalyzes the addition of fucose in alpha 1-6 linkage to the first GlcNAc residue, next to the peptide chains in N-glycans.
Belongs to the V-ATPase C subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment. Subunit C is necessary for the assembly of the catalytic sector of the enzyme and is likely to have a specific function in its catalytic activity.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex. The V1 complex consists of three catalytic AB heterodimers that form a heterohexamer, three peripheral stalks each consisting of EG heterodimers, one central rotor including subunits D and F, and the regulatory subunits C and H. The proton translocation complex V0 consists of the proton transport subunit a, a ring of proteolipid subunits c9c'', rotary subunit d, subunits e and f, and two accessory subunits.
Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily.
Troponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity.
Component of the DRB sensitivity-inducing factor complex (DSIF complex), which regulates transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II.
Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family.
Binds 1 pyruvoyl group covalently per subunit.
Belongs to the RNase H2 subunit B family.
Non catalytic subunit of RNase H2, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes.
The RNase H2 complex is a heterotrimer composed of the catalytic subunit RNASEH2A and the non-catalytic subunits RNASEH2B and RNASEH2C.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB5 subunit family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB3 subunit family.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (ADGR) subfamily.
Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting.
Belongs to the SRP receptor beta subunit family.
May be involved in cell cycle regulation.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL54 family.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ran family.
GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export. Involved in chromatin condensation and control of cell cycle.
Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. Flotillin subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS26 family.
Belongs to the ALG10 glucosyltransferase family.
The dystroglycan complex is involved in a number of processes including laminin and basement membrane assembly, sarcolemmal stability, cell survival, peripheral nerve myelination, nodal structure, cell migration, and epithelial polarization.
Transmembrane protein that plays important roles in connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Acts as a cell adhesion receptor in both muscle and non-muscle tissues. Receptor for both DMD and UTRN and, through these interactions, scaffolds axin to the cytoskeleton. Also functions in cell adhesion-mediated signaling and implicated in cell polarity.
Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.
Plays an important role in the control of DNA replication and the maintenance of replication fork stability.
Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. Furin subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 3 family.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. INTS9 subfamily.
Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.
Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family.
Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family.
Plays an important role in the de novo pathway and in the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first commited step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP.
Plays an important role in the de novo pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis.
Belongs to the V-ATPase 116 kDa subunit family.
Essential component of the vacuolar proton pump (V-ATPase), a multimeric enzyme that catalyzes the translocation of protons across the membranes. Required for assembly and activity of the V-ATPase.
Belongs to the calcineurin regulatory subunit family.
Component of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) which catalyzes the cleavage of N-terminal signal sequences from nascent proteins as they are translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Enhances the enzymatic activity of SPC and facilitates the interactions between different components of the translocation site.
Belongs to the acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) family.
Binds either 1 Fe or Ni cation per monomer. Iron-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate, while nickel-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate.
Catalyzes 2 different reactions between oxygen and the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene) depending upon the metal bound in the active site. Fe-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Fe-ARD) produces formate and 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate (KMTB), the alpha-ketoacid precursor of methionine in the methionine recycle pathway. Ni-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Ni-ARD) produces methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide and formate, and does not lie on the methionine recycle pathway.
Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE8 subfamily.
Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family.
Binds 1 Mo-molybdopterin (Mo-MPT) cofactor per subunit.
Acts as a negative regulator of G1 to S cell cycle phase progression by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases. Inhibitory effects are additive with GADD45 proteins but occurs also in the absence of GADD45 proteins. Acts as a repressor of the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 by inhibiting AB domain-mediated transcriptional activity. May be involved in the hormone-mediated regulation of NR4A1 transcriptional activity. May play a role in mitochondrial protein synthesis.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL64 family.
Stabilizes the cyclin H-CDK7 complex to form a functional CDK-activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex.
Belongs to the OHCU decarboxylase family.
Catalyzes the stereoselective decarboxylation of 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) to (S)-allantoin.
Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family. Polyprenol reductase subfamily.
Plays a key role in early steps of protein N-linked glycosylation by being required for the conversion of polyprenol into dolichol. Dolichols are required for the synthesis of dolichol-linked monosaccharides and the oligosaccharide precursor used for N-glycosylation. Acts as a polyprenol reductase that promotes the reduction of the alpha-isoprene unit of polyprenols into dolichols in a NADP-dependent mechanism.
Associates with the pre-60S ribosomal particle.
Component of the ribosome assembly machinery. Nuclear paralog of the ribosomal protein P0, it binds pre-60S subunits at an early stage of assembly in the nucleolus, and is replaced by P0 in cytoplasmic pre-60S subunits and mature 80S ribosomes.
Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs.
Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins.
Forms a heteromeric NMDA channel with Nmdar2.
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. This protein plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. It mediates neuronal functions in glutamate neurotransmission. Is involved in the cell surface targeting of NMDA receptors. Plays a role in associative learning and in long-term memory consolidation.
The C-terminal part of the hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis activity that results in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (N-product and C-product). In addition, the C-terminal part displays a cholesterol transferase activity that results by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated N-product.
The dually lipidated hedgehog protein N-product is a morphogen which is essential for a variety of patterning events during development.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCB family. Heavy Metal importer (TC 3.A.1.210) subfamily.
Belongs to the transcriptional coactivator PC4 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (28S, 5.8S and 5S).
Key component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur cluster into apoproteins specifically involved in DNA metabolism and genomic integrity. In the CIA complex, MMS19 acts as an adapter between early-acting CIA components and a subset of cellular target iron-sulfur proteins.
Belongs to the damage-control phosphatase family. Sugar phosphate phosphatase III subfamily.
Metal-dependent phosphatase that shows phosphatase activity against several substrates, including fructose-1-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. Its preference for fructose-1-phosphate, a strong glycating agent that causes DNA damage rather than a canonical yeast metabolite, suggests a damage-control function in hexose phosphate metabolism. Has also been shown to have O-methyltransferase activity that methylates glutamate residues of target proteins to form gamma-glutamyl methyl ester residues. Possibly methylates PCNA, suggesting it is involved in the DNA damage response.
Subfamily III proteins have a conserved RTxK motif about 40-50 residues from the C-terminus; the threonine may be replaced by serine or cysteine.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S3 family.
Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL33 family.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. INTS11 subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. LKB1 subfamily.
ATPase activity is stimulated by microtubules, which promote homooligomerization. ATP-dependent microtubule severing is stimulated by interaction with KATNB1.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Katanin p60 subunit A1 subfamily.
Can homooligomerize into hexameric rings, which may be promoted by interaction with microtubules. Interacts with KATNB1, which may serve as a targeting subunit.
Catalytic subunit of a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation.
Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. Type III PI4K subfamily.
Belongs to the transglutaminase-like superfamily. PNGase family.
Specifically deglycosylates the denatured form of N-linked glycoproteins in the cytoplasm and assists their proteasome-mediated degradation. Cleaves the beta-aspartyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycan and the amide side chain of Asn, converting Asn to Asp. Prefers proteins containing high-mannose over those bearing complex type oligosaccharides. Can recognize misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum that are exported to the cytosol to be destroyed and deglycosylate them, while it has no activity toward native proteins. Deglycosylation is a prerequisite for subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of some, but not all, misfolded glycoproteins.
Auxillary component of the N-terminal acetyltransferase C (NatC) complex which catalyzes acetylation of N-terminal methionine residues.
Component of the N-terminal acetyltransferase C (NatC) complex, which is composed of NAA35, NAA38 and NAA30.
Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL43 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 14 family. XylT subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL36 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 79 family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIL2 subfamily.
Belongs to the ATG13 family. Metazoan subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family.
Belongs to the VAMP-associated protein (VAP) (TC 9.B.17) family.
Belongs to the cysteine dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. NTM1 family.
Small GTPase required for proper localization of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II and III (RNAPII and RNAPIII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
The conversion to 3-oxoalanine (also known as C-formylglycine, FGly), of a serine or cysteine residue in prokaryotes and of a cysteine residue in eukaryotes, is critical for catalytic activity.
Belongs to the TFIIE beta subunit family.
Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and stimulates the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain kinase and DNA-dependent ATPase activities of TFIIH. Both TFIIH and TFIIE are required for promoter clearance by RNA polymerase.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METTL16/RlmF family.
Belongs to the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase family. QTRT2 subfamily.
Heterodimer of a catalytic subunit and an accessory subunit.
Non-catalytic subunit of the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase (TGT) that catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine (G) residue with queuine (Q) at position 34 (anticodon wobble position) in tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr), resulting in the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine (7-(((4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl)amino)methyl)-7-deazaguanosine).
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo10/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is one of the major cellular mRNA deadenylases and is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA-mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase subfamily.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S2 family.
Binds to the intracellular domain of tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor. The binding domain of TRAP1 and TRAP2 resides outside the death domain of TNFR1.
Component of the 19S proteasome regulatory particle complex. The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S core particle (CP) and two 19S regulatory subunits (RP).
Belongs to the beta-class carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family.
Belongs to the proteasome inhibitor PI31 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS39 family.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-5 (PP-T) subfamily.
Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic13 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. UbiG/COQ3 family.
O-methyltransferase that catalyzes the 2 O-methylation steps in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. ATZ/TRZ family.
Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of guanine, producing xanthine and ammonia.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL6 family.
Belongs to the helicase family. SKI2 subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL23 family.
Converts protoheme IX and farnesyl diphosphate to heme O.
Belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family.
Accessory subunit of the DNA polymerase alpha complex (also known as the alpha DNA polymerase-primase complex) which plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA synthesis.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase alpha subunit B family.
Belongs to the dynein intermediate chain family.
Positive regulator of amino acid starvation-induced autophagy.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Different beta subunits determine nucleotide specificity. Together with an ATP-specific beta subunit, forms an ADP-forming succinyl-CoA synthetase (A-SCS). Together with a GTP-specific beta subunit forms a GDP-forming succinyl-CoA synthetase (G-SCS).
Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of either ATP or GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and specificity for either ATP or GTP is provided by different beta subunits.
Belongs to the sarcoglycan beta/delta/gamma/zeta family.
Belongs to the liprin family. Liprin-beta subfamily.
Bindings to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and SHP2.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase NEP1 family.
Catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate, which is further processed to form (S)-allantoin.
Belongs to the ETF beta-subunit/FixA family.
May be involved in regulating transcriptional activation of cardiac genes during the aging process. May play a role in biosynthesis and/or processing of SLC2A4 in adipose cells.
Belongs to the SLC29A/ENT transporter (TC 2.A.57) family.
Decapping enzyme for NAD-capped RNAs: specifically hydrolyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cap from a subset of RNAs by removing the entire NAD moiety from the 5'-end of an NAD-capped RNA.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that mediates RNA cap1 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of RNAs. Methylates the ribose of the first nucleotide of a m(7)GpppG-capped mRNA to produce m(7)GpppNmp (cap1).
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that mediates mRNA cap1 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of mRNAs. Methylates the ribose of the first nucleotide of a m(7)GpppG-capped mRNA and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) to produce m(7)GpppRm (cap1). Displays a preference for cap0 transcripts. Cap1 modification is linked to higher levels of translation. May be involved in the interferon response pathway.
Belongs to the chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family.
Proteolytically removes the C-terminal three residues of farnesylated proteins.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL18 family.
Belongs to the RNA cytidine acetyltransferase family. NAT10 subfamily.
RNA cytidine acetyltransferase with specificity toward both 18S rRNA and tRNAs. Catalyzes the formation of N(4)-acetylcytidine (ac4C) in 18S rRNA. Required for early nucleolar cleavages of precursor rRNA at sites A0, A1 and A2 during 18S rRNA synthesis. Catalyzes the formation of ac4C in serine and leucine tRNAs. Requires a tRNA-binding adapter protein for full tRNA acetyltransferase activity but not for 18S rRNA acetylation.
May play an important role in spermatogenesis and/or testis development.
Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein beta subunit family.
Belongs to the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase family. Type 2 subfamily.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 63 family.
Cleaves the distal alpha 1,2-linked glucose residue from the Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor.
May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity.
Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD Type 1 subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the formate--tetrahydrofolate ligase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. NAA40 subfamily.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. BRCC36 subfamily.
Component of the THO complex, which is composed of THOC1, THOC2, THOC3, THOC5, THOC6 and THOC7; together with at least ALYREF/THOC4, DDX39B, SARNP/CIP29 and CHTOP, THO forms the transcription/export (TREX) complex which seems to have a dynamic structure involving ATP-dependent remodeling. Interacts with THOC1, POLDIP3 and ZC3H11A.
Belongs to the dus family. Dus3 subfamily.
Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. EYA family.
General regulator of phagocytosis. Required to uptake Gram negative bacterium by macrophages.
Required for the processing of the 27S pre-rRNA.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS26 family.
Involved in ribosomal large subunit assembly.
Belongs to the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase family. PSD-B subfamily. Eukaryotic type I sub-subfamily.
Catalyzes the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) from phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Plays a central role in phospholipid metabolism and in the interorganelle trafficking of phosphatidylserine.
Heterodimer of a large membrane-associated beta subunit and a small pyruvoyl-containing alpha subunit.
Is synthesized initially as an inactive proenzyme. Formation of the active enzyme involves a self-maturation process in which the active site pyruvoyl group is generated from an internal serine residue via an autocatalytic post-translational modification. Two non-identical subunits are generated from the proenzyme in this reaction, and the pyruvate is formed at the N-terminus of the alpha chain, which is derived from the carboxyl end of the proenzyme. The autoendoproteolytic cleavage occurs by a canonical serine protease mechanism, in which the side chain hydroxyl group of the serine supplies its oxygen atom to form the C-terminus of the beta chain, while the remainder of the serine residue undergoes an oxidative deamination to produce ammonia and the pyruvoyl prosthetic group on the alpha chain. During this reaction, the Ser that is part of the protease active site of the proenzyme becomes the pyruvoyl prosthetic group, which constitutes an essential element of the active site of the mature decarboxylase.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the NAD synthetase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits. RPB4 and RPB7 form a subcomplex that protrudes from the 10-subunit Pol II core complex.
Belongs to the 5'-3' exonuclease family.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphatase family.
Essential factor for the assembly of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I).
Required for biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. EEF2KMT family.
Belongs to the UTP23/FCF1 family. FCF1 subfamily.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically binds poly-ADP-ribosylated proteins and mediates their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation.
The WWE domain mediates non-covalent poly(ADP-ribose)-binding.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 41 family. O-GlcNAc transferase subfamily.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. SAR1 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 22 family.
Belongs to the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (TC 1.A.6) family.
May be involved in 20S pre-rRNA processing.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL34 family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Fibrillarin family.
Catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) that is essential for nucleotide synthesis.
Homodimer. The active form is probably a hexamer composed of 3 homodimers.
Accepts electrons from ETF and reduces ubiquinone.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PDPK1 subfamily.
Required for vesicle-mediated transport. Catalyzes the fusion of transport vesicles within the Golgi cisternae. Is also required for transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi stack. Seems to function as a fusion protein required for the delivery of cargo proteins to all compartments of the Golgi stack independent of vesicle origin.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. NOG2 subfamily.
GTPase that associates with pre-60S ribosomal subunits in the nucleolus and is required for their nuclear export and maturation.
Belongs to the dynactin subunit 2 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC3/POLR3C RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific core component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL31 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family.
The small GTPases Rab are key regulators in vesicle trafficking.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 68 family.
Belongs to the NADPH-dependent diflavin oxidoreductase NDOR1 family.
NADPH-dependent reductase which is a central component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Transfers electrons from NADPH via its FAD and FMN prosthetic groups to the [2Fe-2S] cluster of the anamorsin/DRE2 homolog, another key component of the CIA machinery. In turn, this reduced cluster provides electrons for assembly of cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster proteins.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.
Belongs to the quiescin-sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX) family.
Catalyzes the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in peptide and protein thiols to disulfides with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 4 family.
Catalyzes the initial step of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis in N-linked protein glycosylation pathway: transfers GlcNAc-1-P from UDP-GlcNAc onto the carrier lipid dolichyl phosphate (P-dolichol), yielding GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol.
Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
Belongs to the peptidase M24 family. SPT16 subfamily.
Component of the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. The FACT complex is involved in multiple processes that require DNA as a template such as mRNA elongation, DNA replication and DNA repair. During transcription elongation the FACT complex acts as a histone chaperone that both destabilizes and restores nucleosomal structure. It facilitates the passage of RNA polymerase II and transcription by promoting the dissociation of one histone H2A-H2B dimer from the nucleosome, then subsequently promotes the reestablishment of the nucleosome following the passage of RNA polymerase II.
Belongs to the tenascin family. Teneurin subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL39 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL28 family.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC23 subfamily.
Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules.
Belongs to the complex I 24 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily.
Belongs to the PUR DNA-binding protein family.
Belongs to the calcium channel flower family.
Arginine methyltransferase involved in the assembly or stability of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I).
Belongs to the Golgi pH regulator (TC 1.A.38) family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. NAA60 subfamily.
Catalyzes the transfer of a geranyl-geranyl moiety from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate to cysteines occuring in specific C-terminal amino acid sequences.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family.
Belongs to the 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Phosphotriesterase family.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit.
Component of a retrotranslocation channel required for peroxisome organization by mediating export of the PEX5 receptor from peroxisomes to the cytosol, thereby promoting PEX5 recycling.
Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. Twinfilin subfamily.
Belongs to the MMS22 family. MMS22L subfamily.
Belongs to the threonine aldolase family.
Ubiquitin-protein ligase which is mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Fatty-acid binding protein (FABP) family.
GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus.
Required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in mitochondrial tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. Involved in mitochondrial genome maintenance.
Belongs to the MoaE family. MOCS2B subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of the molybdopterin synthase complex, a complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin. Acts by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms from thiocarboxylated MOCS2A into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group.
This protein is produced by a bicistronic gene which also produces the large subunit (MOCS2A).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL20 family.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b, cytochrome c1 and Rieske protein, 2 core protein subunits, and additional low-molecular weight protein subunits.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Allantoinase family.
Belongs to the SSU72 phosphatase family.
Protein phosphatase that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Plays a role in RNA processing and termination.
Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA12 subunit family.
Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 16 family.
Involved in the lipid remodeling steps of GPI-anchor maturation.
Belongs to the acetyl-CoA hydrolase/transferase family.
Catalyzes the last step of tRNA splicing, the transfer of the splice junction 2'-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD to produce ADP-ribose 1''-2'' cyclic phosphate.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glutamate 5-kinase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL13 family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit p27 family.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2B subfamily.
Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the GTP-binding SRP family. SRP54 subfamily.
The M domain binds the 7SL RNA in presence of SRP19 and binds the signal sequence of presecretory proteins.
The NG domain, also named G domain, is a special guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) domain, which binds GTP and forms a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent complex with a homologous NG domain in the SRP receptor subunit SRPRA. The two NG domains undergo cooperative rearrangements upon their assembly, which culminate in the reciprocal activation of the GTPase activity of one another. SRP receptor compaction upon binding with cargo-loaded SRP and GTPase rearrangement drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER.
Belongs to the Integrator subunit 12 family.
Phosphorylates Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 at position 2 to form Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6 (InsP6 or phytate).
The EXKPK motif is conserved in inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinases of both family 1 and 2.
Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family. Phospholipase B1 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. BUD23/WBSCR22 family.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily.
The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Belongs to the nucleoporin Nup84/Nup107 family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. NagA family.
Catalyzes the exchange of eukaryotic initiation factor 2-bound GDP for GTP.
Complex of five different subunits; alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. NUBP2/CFD1 subfamily.
May play a role in the response to environmental stress. Appears to act upstream of the JUN N-terminal pathway.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase B chain family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine hydroxylase family.
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of the N(6)-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine intermediate to form hypusine, an essential post-translational modification only found in mature eIF-5A factor.
Necessary for the splicing of pre-mRNA. Has a role in the recognition of the branch site (5'-UACUAAC-3'), the pyrimidine tract and the 3'-splice site at the 3'-end of introns.
Belongs to the IPP isomerase type 1 family.
Catalyzes the 1,3-allylic rearrangement of the homoallylic substrate isopentenyl (IPP) to its highly electrophilic allylic isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP).
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. LDAH family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit p55 family.
The RNA gate region regulates mRNA cap recognition to prevent promiscuous mRNA-binding before assembly of eif3d into the full eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
mRNA cap-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. In the eIF-3 complex, eif3d specifically recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine cap of a subset of mRNAs.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily.
Plays an important role in membrane trafficking through the secretory apparatus.
Assembly factor required for Rieske Fe-S protein UQCRFS1 incorporation into the cytochrome b-c1 (CIII) complex. Functions as a chaperone, binding to this subunit within the mitochondrial matrix and stabilizing it prior to its translocation and insertion into the late CIII dimeric intermediate within the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Belongs to the tRNA methyltransferase O family.
Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. In the homodimer, two zinc ions are bound between subunits.
Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.
Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. TRA1 subfamily.
Belongs to the concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) (TC 2.A.41) family.
Component of ORC, a complex composed of at least 6 subunits: ORC1, ORC2, ORC3, ORC4, ORC5 and ORC6. ORC is regulated in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It is sequentially assembled at the exit from anaphase of mitosis and disassembled as cells enter S phase.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS12 family.
Belongs to the clathrin light chain family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase H subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment (By similarity). Subunit H is essential for V-ATPase activity, but not for the assembly of the complex.
Belongs to the tRNA pseudouridine synthase TruA family.
Belongs to the tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS17 family.
Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL9 family.
May function as a negative regulator of endoplasmic reticulum-stress induced autophagy.
Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins.
Component of the uniplex complex. Interacts (via the transmembrane region) with MCU (via the first transmembrane region); the interaction is direct.
Essential regulatory subunit of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (uniplex), a complex that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria.
Scaffolding protein that specifically recognizes and binds dimethylarginine-containing proteins. Plays a role in the regulation of translation of target mRNAs by binding Arg/Gly-rich motifs (GAR) in dimethylarginine-containing proteins. In nucleus, acts as a coactivator: recognizes and binds asymmetric dimethylation on the core histone tails associated with transcriptional activation (H3R17me2a and H4R3me2a) and recruits proteins at these arginine-methylated loci. In cytoplasm, acts as an antiviral factor that participates in the assembly of stress granules together with G3BP1.
The N-terminus is composed of the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, a short linker region and the RING-type zinc finger. The PTB domain, which is also called TKB (tyrosine kinase binding) domain, is composed of three different subdomains: a four-helix bundle (4H), a calcium-binding EF hand and a divergent SH2 domain.
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx5 subfamily.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events.
ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of misfolded, unassembled or oxidatively damaged polypeptides as well as certain short-lived regulatory proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. May also have a chaperone function in the assembly of inner membrane protein complexes. Participates in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression and in the maintenance of the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. Binds to mitochondrial DNA in a site-specific manner.
Homohexamer or homoheptamer. Organized in a ring with a central cavity.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. MtnA subfamily.
Catalyzes the interconversion of methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) into methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P).
Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2.
ATP-dependent microtubule severing protein. Microtubule severing may promote reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the microtubule organizing center following nucleation.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Spastin subfamily.
Homohexamer. The homohexamer is stabilized by ATP-binding. The homohexamer may adopt a ring conformation through which microtubules pass prior to being severed. Interacts with microtubules.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL18 family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 18 family.
Belongs to the KIF-binding protein family.
Catalyzes the transfer of a geranylgeranyl moiety from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to both cysteines of proteins with the C-terminal sequence -XXCC, -XCXC and -CCXX.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-X family.
DNA polymerase that functions in several pathways of DNA repair. Involved in base excision repair (BER) responsible for repair of lesions that give rise to abasic (AP) sites in DNA. Also contributes to DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination. Has both template-dependent and template-independent (terminal transferase) DNA polymerase activities. Has also a 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. UBA5 subfamily.
Ubiquitin-binding protein that specifically recognizes and binds 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin. Does not bind 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin. Positively regulates the internalization of ligand-activated EGFR by binding to the Ub moiety of ubiquitinated EGFR at the cell membrane.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL1 family.
Element of the TORC1 signaling pathway that acts as a mediator of diverse signals and that represses RNA polymerase III transcription. Inhibits the de novo assembly of TFIIIB onto DNA.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (28S, 5.8S and 5S). Interacts with ribosomal protein S21.
Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.
May play a role in microtubule-mediated transport or vesicle function.
Belongs to the eukaryotic NMN adenylyltransferase family.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.
Belongs to the intermediate filament family.
Thin filament-associated protein that is implicated in the regulation and modulation of smooth muscle contraction. It is capable of binding to actin, calmodulin and tropomyosin. The interaction of calponin with actin inhibits the actomyosin Mg-ATPase activity.
As a component of the minor spliceosome, involved in the splicing of U12-type introns in pre-mRNAs.
Belongs to the PNP/MTAP phosphorylase family.
The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and pentose-1-phosphate.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. EFM5 family.
This promotes the activity of RNA polymerase II.
Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the round spermatid basic protein 1 family.
Belongs to the selenium-binding protein family.
Component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC)-associated TREX-2 complex (transcription and export complex 2). Component of the SAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complex. Within the SAGA complex, participates to a subcomplex of SAGA called the DUB module (deubiquitination module).
Involved in mRNA export coupled transcription activation by association with both the TREX-2 and the SAGA complexes. The transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA is a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates to a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates histones. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators, where it is required for transcription. The TREX-2 complex functions in docking export-competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) to the nuclear entrance of the nuclear pore complex (nuclear basket). TREX-2 participates in mRNA export and accurate chromatin positioning in the nucleus by tethering genes to the nuclear periphery.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 28 family.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. PHOSPHO family.
Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagic vesicle formation.
Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase family.
Belongs to the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase family.
Catalytic subunit of the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase (TGT) that catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine (G) residue with queuine (Q) at position 34 (anticodon wobble position) in tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr), resulting in the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine (7-(((4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl)amino)methyl)-7-deazaguanosine). Catalysis occurs through a double-displacement mechanism. The nucleophile active site attacks the C1' of nucleotide 34 to detach the guanine base from the RNA, forming a covalent enzyme-RNA intermediate. The proton acceptor active site deprotonates the incoming queuine, allowing a nucleophilic attack on the C1' of the ribose to form the product.
Belongs to the protoporphyrinogen/coproporphyrinogen oxidase family. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase subfamily.
Catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to form protoporphyrin-IX.
Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. PAN2 subfamily.
Binds 2 metal cations per subunit in the catalytic exonuclease domain.
Catalytic subunit of the poly(A)-nuclease (PAN) deadenylation complex, one of two cytoplasmic mRNA deadenylases involved in general and miRNA-mediated mRNA turnover. PAN specifically shortens poly(A) tails of RNA and the activity is stimulated by poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). PAN deadenylation is followed by rapid degradation of the shortened mRNA tails by the CCR4-NOT complex. Deadenylated mRNAs are then degraded by two alternative mechanisms, namely exosome-mediated 3'-5' exonucleolytic degradation, or deadenlyation-dependent mRNA decaping and subsequent 5'-3' exonucleolytic degradation by XRN1.
Contains a pseudo-UCH domain. This ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH)-like or ubiquitin specific protease (USP)-like domain is predicted to be catalytically inactive because it lacks the active site catalytic triad characteristic of thiol proteases, with residues at the equivalent structural positions that are incompatible with catalysis, and it cannot bind ubiquitin. It functions as a structural scaffold for intra- and intermolecular interactions in the complex.
Forms a heterotrimer with an asymmetric homodimer of the regulatory subunit PAN3 to form the poly(A)-nuclease (PAN) deadenylation complex.
Positively regulated by the regulatory subunit PAN3.
The linker, or PAN3 interaction domain (PID), between the WD40 repeats and the pseudo-UCH domain mediates interaction with PAN3.
Component of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which binds co-transcriptionally to the 5' cap of pre-mRNAs and is involved in various processes such as pre-mRNA splicing and RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi). The CBC complex is involved in miRNA-mediated RNA interference and is required for primary microRNAs (miRNAs) processing. Also involved in innate immunity via the short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) processing machinery by restricting the viral RNA production. In the CBC complex, Cbp20 recognizes and binds capped RNAs (m7GpppG-capped RNA) but requires Cbp80 to stabilize the movement of its N-terminal loop and lock the CBC into a high affinity cap-binding state with the cap structure.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 1 family.
Belongs to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) family.
Interacts (via cytoplasmic region) with ILK.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Fes/fps subfamily.
Small GTPase required for proper localization of RNA polymerase II and III (RNAPII and RNAPIII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family. Ribosome biogenesis protein NSA2 subfamily.
Component of the pre-66S ribosomal particle.
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. May play a part in the quality control of pre-60S particles.
Bifunctional mRNA-capping enzyme exhibiting RNA 5'-triphosphate monophosphatase activity in the N-terminal part and mRNA guanylyltransferase activity in the C-terminal part. Catalyzes the first two steps of cap formation: by removing the gamma-phosphate from the 5'-triphosphate end of nascent mRNA to yield a diphosphate end, and by transferring the GMP moiety of GTP to the 5'-diphosphate terminus of RNA via a covalent enzyme-GMP reaction intermediate.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic GTase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the non-receptor class of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. MenG/UbiE family.
Methyltransferase required for the conversion of 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DDMQH2) to 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2).
Required for vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
Involved in the retrieval of endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins from the early Golgi compartment.
Belongs to the CND1 (condensin subunit 1) family.
Regulatory subunit of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases.
Plays an important role in the degradation of dermatan and keratan sulfates.
Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.
Belongs to the TALE/IRO homeobox family.
Belongs to the CoA-transferase III family.
Belongs to the methylthiotransferase family. MiaB subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family. Pelota subfamily.
Component of the Pelota-HBS1L complex, a complex that recognizes stalled ribosomes and triggers the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway. In the Pelota-HBS1L complex, pelo recognizes ribosomes stalled at the 3' end of an mRNA and engages stalled ribosomes by destabilizing mRNA in the mRNA channel.
Belongs to the peptidase C78 family. ZUFSP subfamily.
As a component of the GATOR1 complex functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 pathway.
Belongs to the PNP/MTAP phosphorylase family. MTAP subfamily.
Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (MTA) to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate. Involved in the breakdown of MTA, a major by-product of polyamine biosynthesis. Responsible for the first step in the methionine salvage pathway after MTA has been generated from S-adenosylmethionine. Has broad substrate specificity with 6-aminopurine nucleosides as preferred substrates.
Promotes transcriptional elongation by Su(Tpl)/ELL. Essential for development.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. SMARCAL1 subfamily.
Belongs to the acid sphingomyelinase family.
Belongs to the Tim17/Tim22/Tim23 family.
Essential core component of the TIM22 complex, a complex that mediates the import and insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. In the TIM22 complex, it constitutes the voltage-activated and signal-gated channel. Forms a twin-pore translocase that uses the membrane potential as external driving force in 2 voltage-dependent steps.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S5B/HSM3 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 13 family.
Initiates complex N-linked carbohydrate formation. Essential for the conversion of high-mannose to hybrid and complex N-glycans.
The cofactor is mostly bound to the substrate.
Belongs to the tRNA nucleotidyltransferase/poly(A) polymerase family.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. CPSF5 subfamily.
Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex that functions as an activator of the pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation processing required for the maturation of pre-mRNA into functional mRNAs. CFIm contributes to the recruitment of multiprotein complexes on specific sequences on the pre-mRNA 3'-end, so called cleavage and polyadenylation signals (pA signals). Most pre-mRNAs contain multiple pA signals, resulting in alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) producing mRNAs with variable 3'-end formation. The CFIm complex acts as a key regulator of cleavage and polyadenylation site choice during APA through its binding to 5'-UGUA-3' elements localized in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) for a huge number of pre-mRNAs.
Homodimer (via N- and C-terminus); binds RNA as homodimer. Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex.
Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. YchF/OLA1 subfamily.
Hydrolyzes ATP, and can also hydrolyze GTP with lower efficiency. Has lower affinity for GTP.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily.
Required for N-linked oligosaccharide assembly.
Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC9 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the polyprenol kinase family.
Catalyzes the 2-thiolation of uridine at the wobble position (U34) of mitochondrial tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Required for the formation of 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine (tm5s2U) of mitochondrial tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu), and tRNA(Gln) at the wobble position. ATP is required to activate the C2 atom of the wobble base.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN5 subfamily.
DNA polymerase II participates in chromosomal DNA replication.
Cilium- and flagellum-specific protein that plays a role in axonemal structure organization and motility. May play a role in outer and inner dynein arm assembly.
Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the DNA glycosylase MPG family.
Hydrolysis of the deoxyribose N-glycosidic bond to excise 3-methyladenine, and 7-methylguanine from the damaged DNA polymer formed by alkylation lesions.
Belongs to the peroxisomal targeting signal receptor family.
Protein phosphatase inhibitor that specifically inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) during mitosis.
Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 4 family.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. This subunit can bind 18S rRNA.
Belongs to the tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase family.
Component of some SAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complexes. Within the SAGA complex, participates to a subcomplex of SAGA called the DUB module (deubiquitination module).
Component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA, a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates histone H2B. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators, where it is required for transcription.
The C-terminal SGF11-type zinc-finger domain forms part of the 'catalytic lobe' of the SAGA deubiquitination module.
The long N-terminal helix forms part of the 'assembly lobe' of the SAGA deubiquitination module.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. ULA1 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. SPB1 subfamily.
Probable methyltransferase involved in the maturation of rRNA and in the biogenesis of ribosomal subunits.
Component of the sarcoglycan complex, a subcomplex of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex which forms a link between the F-actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix.
Cross-link to form 2 major subcomplexes: one consisting of SGCB, SGCD and SGCG and the other consisting of SGCB and SGCD. The association between SGCB and SGCG is particularly strong while SGCA is loosely associated with the other sarcoglycans.
Alpha-L-fucosidase is responsible for hydrolyzing the alpha-1,6-linked fucose joined to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine of the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 29 family.
Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. USP20/USP33 subfamily.