Belongs to the PPR family. PCMP-H subfamily.
The sequence shown here is derived from an EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ whole genome shotgun (WGS) entry which is preliminary data.
Is involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.
Probably involved in the defense reaction of plants against pathogens.
Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. LCMT family.
Involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family.
Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues.
Contains at least one intrachain disulfide bond essential for its enzymatic activity.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family.
Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family.
Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the membrane.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.
Homooligomer. Interacts with ARC5 and FIS1B on peroxisomes.
Involved in peroxisomal proliferation. Promotes peroxisomal duplication, aggregation or elongation without fission.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
Belongs to the nonaspanin (TM9SF) (TC 9.A.2) family.
Neddylation of cullins play an essential role in the regulation of SCF-type complexes activity.
Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.
Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the clathrin light chain family.
Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles.
A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and phospholipid.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of queuosine 5'-phosphate, releasing the nucleobase queuine (q). Is required for salvage of queuine from exogenous queuosine (Q) that is imported and then converted to queuosine 5'-phosphate intracellularly.
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I3 (leguminous Kunitz-type inhibitor) family.
The PPC domain mediates interactions between AHL proteins.
Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs).
Belongs to the fructosamine kinase family.
This protein is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class I subfamily.
Belongs to the peroxidase family. Ascorbate peroxidase subfamily.
Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily.
Binds 1 heme b (iron(II)-protoporphyrin IX) group per subunit.
Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.
Belongs to the RBR family. Ariadne subfamily.
Might act as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, or as part of E3 complex, which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and then transfers it to substrates.
Component of the ESCRT-I complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport I), a regulator of vesicular trafficking process.
ATP dependent phosphorylation of adenosine and other related nucleoside analogs to monophosphate derivatives.
Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family.
Heterotetramer of two alpha and two beta chains arranged as a dimer of alpha/beta heterodimers.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
Belongs to the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase superfamily. Nitrilase family.
Belongs to the ATPase protein MI25 family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.
This is one of the chains of the nonenzymatic component (CF(0) subunit) of the mitochondrial ATPase complex.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the EARLY FLOWERING 4 family.
Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane.
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs).
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 77 family.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a heterohexamer of biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and the two subunits of carboxyl transferase in a 2:2 complex.
This protein is a component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase complex; first, biotin carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of the carrier protein and then the transcarboxylase transfers the carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family.
May serve as docking site to facilitate the association of other proteins to the plasma membrane.
Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. phosphate:H(+) symporter (TC 2.A.1.9) family.
Belongs to the 2Fe2S plant-type ferredoxin family.
Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. BUD32 family.
Acylhydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-1 position.
Belongs to the early nodulin-like (ENODL) family.
May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.
AP-4 forms a non clathrin-associated coat on vesicles departing the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and may be involved in the targeting of proteins from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the endosomal-lysosomal system.
Adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) is a heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins, a medium adaptin and a small adaptin.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunit family.
Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function.
Involved in trafficking and recycling of synaptic vesicles.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2.A.17) family.
Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes.
Interacts with H3K4me3 and to a lesser extent with H3K4me2.
The PHD-type zinc finger mediates the binding to H3K4me3.
Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.7) family.
Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family.
Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family.
Acts in the modification of cell walls via demethylesterification of cell wall pectin.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 34 family.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 1 family.
Lacks conserved residue(s) required for the propagation of feature annotation.
Oligomeric complex that consists of at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has four main subunits: a(1), b(1), b'(1) and c(9-12).
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.
Belongs to the HAK/KUP transporter (TC 2.A.72.3) family.
Component of the peroxisomal and mitochondrial division machineries. Plays a role in promoting the fission of mitochondria and peroxisomes.
The C-terminus is necessary for mitochondrial or peroxisomal targeting, while the N-terminus is necessary for mitochondrial or peroxisomal fission.
Belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily. Plant drug/metabolite exporter (P-DME) (TC 2.A.7.4) family.
Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA.
May be involved in environmental stress response.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 5 family.
Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. In the homodimer, two zinc ions are bound between subunits.
Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione.
Belongs to the 'GDXG' lipolytic enzyme family.
Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family.
The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated.
Required for vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
Component of a prohibitin multimeric complex in mitochondrial membranes.
Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 1 family.
Binds 1 Ca(2+) ion. Required for its activity.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.
The DHHC domain is required for palmitoyltransferase activity.
Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. OTCase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 17 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Spinster (TC 2.A.1.49) family.
May be involved in proton extrusion. Indirectly promotes efficient inorganic carbon uptake into chloroplasts.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL21 family.
Probable UDP-L-arabinose mutase involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall non-cellulosic polysaccharides.
Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the nucleoside 5'-monophosphates deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) and deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP).
The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH.
Belongs to the SINA (Seven in absentia) family.
Belongs to the IAA-amido conjugating enzyme family.
May play a role in anterograde transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
Belongs to the Clp1 family. Clp1 subfamily.
Required for endonucleolytic cleavage during polyadenylation-dependent pre-mRNA 3'-end formation.
Belongs to the purine permeases (TC 2.A.7.14) family.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
PSII is composed of 1 copy each of membrane proteins PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, PsbE, PsbF, PsbH, PsbI, PsbJ, PsbK, PsbL, PsbM, PsbT, PsbX, PsbY, PsbZ, Ycf12, at least 3 peripheral proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex and a large number of cofactors. It forms dimeric complexes.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family.
Involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Together with CUL1, RBX1 and a F-box protein, it forms a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The functional specificity of this complex depends on the type of F-box protein. In the SCF complex, it serves as an adapter that links the F-box protein to CUL1.
Part of a SCF (SKP1-cullin-F-box) protein ligase complex.
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CPYC subfamily.
Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family.
Converts the prephenate produced from the shikimate-chorismate pathway into phenylalanine.
Defense against chitin-containing fungal pathogens.
May be involved in the regulation of photosystem II.
Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.
Plant lipoxygenase may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
With S4 and S5 plays an important role in translational accuracy. Located at the interface of the 30S and 50S subunits.
Catalyzes the condensation of (S)-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde [(S)-ASA] and pyruvate to 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate (HTPA).
Belongs to the RuBisCO small chain family.
Heterohexadecamer of 8 large and 8 small subunits.
RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site. Although the small subunit is not catalytic it is essential for maximal activity.
The basic functional RuBisCO is composed of a large chain homodimer in a 'head-to-tail' conformation. In form I RuBisCO this homodimer is arranged in a barrel-like tetramer with the small subunits forming a tetrameric 'cap' on each end of the 'barrel'.
Belongs to the PC-esterase family. TBL subfamily.
Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily.
Belongs to the glutamate synthase family.
Belongs to the peptidase M28 family. M28B subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL19 family.
Binds 1 potassium ion per subunit. The potassium ion interacts primarily with the substrate.
Binds 2 divalent ions per subunit. The metal ions interact primarily with the substrate. Can utilize magnesium, manganese or cobalt (in vitro).
Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate.
Belongs to the disease resistance NB-LRR family.
Confers resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) races carrying the avirulence gene Avr1. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.
Belongs to the ATPase epsilon chain family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.
Belongs to the WD repeat WDR12/YTM1 family.
Required for maturation of ribosomal RNAs and formation of the large ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the flavodoxin family.
This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 family.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a catalytic core of 3 subunits and several supernumerary subunits. The complex exists as a monomer or a dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII).
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
Belongs to the plant dirigent protein family.
Dirigent proteins impart stereoselectivity on the phenoxy radical-coupling reaction, yielding optically active lignans from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol in the biosynthesis of lignans, flavonolignans, and alkaloids and thus plays a central role in plant secondary metabolism.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 2 family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the leguminous lectin family.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family.
Part of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 85 family.
Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 92 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family.
Invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.
Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo5/eukaryotic RPB5 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily.
Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found.
Belongs to the formin-like family. Class-I subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the head domain of the 30S subunit.
Belongs to the tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase family.
Tetramer of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Belongs to the fasciclin-like AGP family.
Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family.
Binds to multiple calmodulin (CaM) in the presence of Ca(2+) and CaM-like proteins.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 1 family.
Component of the replication protein A complex (RPA) required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RPA is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions. Probably involved in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) induced by genotoxic stresses.
Heterotrimer of RPA1, RPA2 and RPA3 (canonical replication protein A complex).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family.
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA central domain where it helps coordinate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family.
Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family.
Plays a complex role in regulating the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits.
Component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex) that is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The b-c1 complex mediates electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c. Contributes to the generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane that is then used for ATP synthesis.
Belongs to the alternative oxidase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2.
Belongs to the gamma-class carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL15 family.
Belongs to the acetolactate synthase small subunit family.
Belongs to the acyl-ACP thioesterase family.
Plays an essential role in chain termination during de novo fatty acid synthesis.
Belongs to the selenoprotein M/F family.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS4 subunit family.
Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and stimulates the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain kinase and DNA-dependent ATPase activities of TFIIH. Both TFIIH and TFIIE are required for promoter clearance by RNA polymerase.
Belongs to the plant ACBP60 protein family.
Belongs to the copper/topaquinone oxidase family.
Topaquinone (TPQ) is generated by copper-dependent autoxidation of a specific tyrosyl residue.
Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein beta subunit family.
F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit.
Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Essential component of cell cytoskeleton; plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth.
Belongs to the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase family.
Catalytic subunit of the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase (TGT) that catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine (G) residue with queuine (Q) at position 34 (anticodon wobble position) in tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr), resulting in the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine (7-(((4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl)amino)methyl)-7-deazaguanosine). Catalysis occurs through a double-displacement mechanism. The nucleophile active site attacks the C1' of nucleotide 34 to detach the guanine base from the RNA, forming a covalent enzyme-RNA intermediate. The proton acceptor active site deprotonates the incoming queuine, allowing a nucleophilic attack on the C1' of the ribose to form the product.
Heterodimer of a catalytic subunit and an accessory subunit.
Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome.
Belongs to the ARR family. Type-B subfamily.
Transcriptional activator that binds specific DNA sequence.
Essential factor for the assembly of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I).
Component of the 30S ribosomal translation pre-initiation complex which assembles on the 30S ribosome in the order IF-2 and IF-3, IF-1 and N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet); mRNA recruitment can occur at any time during PIC assembly.
One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Stabilizes the binding of IF-2 and IF-3 on the 30S subunit to which N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) subsequently binds. Helps modulate mRNA selection, yielding the 30S pre-initiation complex (PIC). Upon addition of the 50S ribosomal subunit IF-1, IF-2 and IF-3 are released leaving the mature 70S translation initiation complex.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. FabH family.
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CC-type subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 28 family.
Belongs to the UPL family. K-HECT subfamily.
Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase CarF family.
Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.
Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family.
Putative gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase.
Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. Purple acid phosphatase family.
Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 15 family.
Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals.
Belongs to the sterol desaturase family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-independent O-methyltransferase family. COMT subfamily.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC1 subfamily.
Belongs to the LOB domain-containing protein family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX21/DDX50 subfamily.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
The RNA gate region regulates mRNA cap recognition to prevent promiscuous mRNA-binding before assembly of eif3d into the full eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
mRNA cap-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. In the eIF-3 complex, eif3d specifically recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine cap of a subset of mRNAs.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase II family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the DHBP synthase family.
Belongs to the oligopeptide OPT transporter (TC 2.A.67.1) family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. NAA40 subfamily.
F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, F(1) - the catalytic core - and F(0) - the membrane proton channel. F(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). F(0) has four main subunits: a(1), b(1), b'(1) and c(10-14). The alpha and beta chains form an alternating ring which encloses part of the gamma chain. F(1) is attached to F(0) by a central stalk formed by the gamma and epsilon chains, while a peripheral stalk is formed by the delta, b and b' chains.
In plastids the F-type ATPase is also known as CF(1)CF(0).
Key component of the F(0) channel; it plays a direct role in translocation across the membrane. A homomeric c-ring of between 10-14 subunits forms the central stalk rotor element with the F(1) delta and epsilon subunits.
This protein is one of the chains of the nonenzymatic membrane component (F0) of mitochondrial ATPase.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (25S, 5.8S and 5S). Interacts with ribosomal protein S21.
Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL31 family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
Component of the 60S subunit of the ribosome.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL40 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.
Catalyzes the formation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine by condensation of 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil with 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate. This is the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin.
Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.
Long-chain fatty alcohol oxidase involved in the omega-oxidation pathway of lipid degradation.
Belongs to the plant tobamovirus multiplication TOM1 protein family.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. PPi-dependent PFK group II subfamily. Atypical ATP-dependent clade 'X' sub-subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by ATP, the first committing step of glycolysis.
Component of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC).
Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins.
Catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and plays a significant role in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis.
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit.
The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. It probably triggers the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of different substrates.
Belongs to the abscisic acid and water stress-induced protein family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Trm1 family.
Component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.
Heterooctamer of 4 alpha and 4 beta chains.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS28 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. AIG1/Toc34/Toc159-like paraseptin GTPase family. TOC34 subfamily.
GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 2 family.
Kinase that can phosphorylate various inositol polyphosphate such as Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 or Ins(1,3,4)P3.
Belongs to the MORC ATPase protein family.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.
Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation.
Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.
Belongs to the ATPase protein YMF19 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily.
Belongs to the sucrose phosphatase family.
Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis.
Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.
Catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate, which is further processed to form (S)-allantoin.
Belongs to the strictosidine synthase family.
Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class II subfamily.
NAD-dependent protein deacylase. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent hydrolysis of acyl groups from lysine residues.
Possible role could be the docking of the LHC I antenna complex to the core complex.
Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the RING-type zinc finger family. ATL subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 51 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.
Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family.
Belongs to the tRNA-intron endonuclease family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family.
Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations.
Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.2) family.
Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling.
Catalyzes the synthesis of activated sulfate.
Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family.
May promote appropriate targeting of ribosome-nascent polypeptide complexes.
Constitutively expressed in stems, roots and flowers, but not in leaves and fruits.
Homo- and heterodimer. Interacts with LRR1 (via LRR domain).
Positive regulator of hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death. May be involved in potassium ion channel regulation.
Up-regulated by pathogens during an incompatible interaction, but not upon infection by a virulent pathogen. Up-regulated by salicylic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family.
Proteolytically removes the C-terminal three residues of farnesylated proteins.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Erg6/SMT family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. LepA subfamily.
Promotes chloroplast protein synthesis. May act as a fidelity factor of the translation reaction, by catalyzing a one-codon backward translocation of tRNAs on improperly translocated ribosomes.
Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit alpha family.
Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.
Mediates high-affinity intracellular uptake of the rare oligo-element molybdenum.
Substrate-binding subunit of the Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) complex. Binds unprenylated Rab proteins.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 6 family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity and assembly of complex I.
NDH is composed of at least 16 different subunits, 5 of which are encoded in the nucleus.
NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family.
Belongs to the LanC-like protein family.
Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 79 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL28 family.
Allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogen catabolism, the phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate, and plays a central role in maintaining cellular and organismal glucose homeostasis.
Belongs to the glycogen phosphorylase family.
Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD Type 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase subfamily.
Catalyzes the NAD-dependent decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose. Necessary for the biosynthesis of the core tetrasaccharide in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. ADCK protein kinase family.
Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the CND3 (condensin subunit 3) family.
Belongs to the peroxisomal membrane protein PXMP2/4 family.
Belongs to the ATPase delta chain family.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily.
Belongs to the PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid intracellular receptor family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IV subfamily.
Catalyzes the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.
Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit.
Belongs to the transaldolase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Transaldolase is important for the balance of metabolites in the pentose-phosphate pathway.
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CGFS subfamily.
Belongs to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) family.
Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily.
Belongs to the 5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.
Belongs to the plant rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) family.
Component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Belongs to the ethylene receptor family.
May act early in the ethylene signal transduction pathway, possibly as an ethylene receptor, or as a regulator of the pathway.
Belongs to the eukaryotic-type N-acetylglucosamine kinase family.
May be involved in the synthesis of minor phospholipids and in modulation of IP3-mediated signal transduction.
Requires a divalent cation for activity.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family.
Glutamate-gated receptor that probably acts as non-selective cation channel.
Cleaves peptides in various proteins in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. Has a chymotrypsin-like activity. Plays a major role in the degradation of misfolded proteins.
Component of the chloroplastic Clp protease core complex.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS18 family.
Adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) is a heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins (alpha-type and beta-type subunits), a medium adaptin (mu-type subunit) and a small adaptin (sigma-type subunit).
Subunit of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome.
Belongs to the VAMP-associated protein (VAP) (TC 9.B.17) family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. BCS1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the dehydration of the S-form of NAD(P)HX at the expense of ATP, which is converted to ADP. Together with NAD(P)HX epimerase, which catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms, the enzyme allows the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily.
Probably involved in the RNA silencing pathway and required for the generation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family.
Intramembrane-cleaving aspartic protease (I-CLiP) that cleaves type II membrane signal peptides in the hydrophobic plane of the membrane.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 43 family.
Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Polyamine:cation symporter (PHS) (TC 2.A.3.12) family.
Transcription factor that binds specifically to a 5'-AA[AG]G-3' consensus core sequence.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. CPSF2/YSH1 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL30 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS38 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.
Belongs to the glucosamine/galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase family. 6-phosphogluconolactonase subfamily.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. SAR1 family.
Involved in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily.
Belongs to the V-ATPase D subunit family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 64 family.
Belongs to the anthranilate synthase component I family.
Heterotetramer consisting of two non-identical subunits: a beta subunit and a large alpha subunit.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Folate-biopterin transporter (TC 2.A.71) family.
Required for the function of coenzyme Q in the respiratory chain. May serve as a chaperone or may be involved in the transport of Q6 from its site of synthesis to the catalytic sites of the respiratory complexes.
Belongs to the folylpolyglutamate synthase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the pectinesterase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the PMEI family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIB subfamily.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium.
The RING-type zinc finger domain is responsible for E3 ligase activity.
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I20 (potato type II proteinase inhibitor) family.
Belongs to the pectinacetylesterase family.
Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties.
Belongs to the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH.
ATPase required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cytosol. This complex then targets to the endoplasmic reticulum by membrane-bound receptors, where the tail-anchored protein is released for insertion. This process is regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis. ATP binding drives the homodimer towards the closed dimer state, facilitating recognition of newly synthesized TA membrane proteins. ATP hydrolysis is required for insertion. Subsequently, the homodimer reverts towards the open dimer state, lowering its affinity for the membrane-bound receptor, and returning it to the cytosol to initiate a new round of targeting.
Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-1 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL27 family.
Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds to GA-rich elements (GAGA-repeats) present in regulatory sequences of genes involved in developmental processes.
Belongs to the SIS family. PHI subfamily.
Component of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex.
Regulatory subunit of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex; essential for the ER localization.
Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. KIN-5/BimC subfamily.
Belongs to the ACC deaminase/D-cysteine desulfhydrase family.
Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. RAD16 subfamily.
Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.1) family.
May act as a component of the auxin efflux carrier.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b, cytochrome c1 and Rieske protein, 2 core protein subunits, and additional low-molecular weight protein subunits.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit.
Required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in mitochondrial tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. Involved in mitochondrial genome maintenance.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Ungrouped subfamily.
Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family.
Belongs to the MINDY deubiquitinase family. FAM188 subfamily.
Hydrolase that can remove 'Lys-48'-linked conjugated ubiquitin from proteins.
Belongs to the MsrB Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) to methionine in proteins. Plays a protective role against oxidative stress by restoring activity to proteins that have been inactivated by methionine oxidation. MSRB family specifically reduces the MetSO R-enantiomer.
Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Phi family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S14 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIA subfamily.
Belongs to the intron maturase 2 family. MatK subfamily.
Usually encoded in the trnK tRNA gene intron. Probably assists in splicing its own and other chloroplast group II introns.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 4 family.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a heterohexamer composed of biotin carboxyl carrier protein (AccB), biotin carboxylase (AccC) and two subunits each of ACCase subunit alpha (AccA) and ACCase subunit beta (AccD).
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a heterohexamer composed of biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and 2 subunits each of ACCase subunit alpha and ACCase plastid-coded subunit beta (accD).
Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. Biotin carboxylase (BC) catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the transcarboxylase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. Plant cellulose synthase subfamily.
Probably functions in cell division and growth processes.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter (TC 2.A.1.14) family.
2 of the reaction center chlorophylls (ChlD1 and ChlD2) are entirely coordinated by water.
Belongs to the reaction center PufL/M/PsbA/D family.
Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. D2 is needed for assembly of a stable PSII complex.
May be involved in fusion of retrograde transport vesicles derived from an endocytic compartment with the Golgi complex.
Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.
Binds 1 Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ion per subunit.
Belongs to the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase family.
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I13 (potato type I serine protease inhibitor) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.
Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
Hydrolyzes 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (HIBYL-CoA), a saline catabolite. Has high activity toward isobutyryl-CoA. Could be an isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase that functions in valine catabolism.
Hydrolyzes deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) to the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates. Has a strong preference for dCTP and its analogs including 5-iodo-dCTP and 5-methyl-dCTP for which it may even have a higher efficiency. May protect DNA or RNA against the incorporation of these genotoxic nucleotide analogs through their catabolism.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.
Acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) response.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family.
Probably involved in membrane trafficking.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL34 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UFC1 subfamily.
E1-like enzyme which specifically catalyzes the second step in ufmylation. Ufmylation is involved in reticulophagy (also called ER-phagy) induced in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
(Microbial infection) Interacts with potyvirus viral genome-linked protein (VPg); this interaction is possible in susceptible hosts but is impaired in resistant plants (PubMed:15842624, PubMed:18182024). Thus the VPg of tobacco etch virus (TEV) strain HAT interacts with susceptible alleles pvr2(+), pvr2(3) and pvr2(9) but not with the resistant allele pvr2(2), the VPg of TEV strain CAA10 interacts with susceptible alleles pvr2(+), pvr2(2), pvr2(3) and pvr2(9), the VPg of potato virus Y (PVY) strain LYE84 interacts with tomato eIF4E1 and eIF4E2 as well as with the Capsicum annuum eIF4E1 susceptible allele pvr2(+) but not with resistant alleles pvr2(1), pvr2(2), pvr2(3), pvr2(4), pvr2(5), pvr2(6), pvr2(7), pvr2(8) and pvr2(9) and the VPg of PVY strain SON41 interacts with C.annuum eIF4E1 susceptible alleles pvr2(+), pvr2(1), pvr2(2), pvr2(3) and pvr2(4) but not with resistant alleles pvr2(5), pvr2(6), pvr2(7), pvr2(8) and pvr2(9) (PubMed:18182024). In addition, the susceptible allele pvr1(+) interacts strongly with TEV strains HAT and NW VPg while resistance alleles (pvr1, pvr1(1), and pvr1(2)) fail to bind TEV VPg (PubMed:15842624).
(Microbial infection) Susceptibility host factor required for viral infection (e.g. potato virus Y (PVY) and tobacco etch virus (TEV)) by recruiting viral RNAs to the host ribosomal complex via an interaction with viral genome-linked protein (VPg).
According to the redox status, the Cys-126-Cys-164 disulfide bridge may have a role in regulating protein function by affecting its ability to bind capped mRNA.
Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E family.
Component of the protein complex eIF4F, which is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of mRNA to the ribosome (PubMed:18182024). Recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures (PubMed:18182024). Key component of recessive resistance to potyviruses (PubMed:15971038, PubMed:12492847, PubMed:15842624, PubMed:18182024, PubMed:16760413, PubMed:21073716).
Displayed sequence is allele pvr2(+), haplotype B1 found in strains cv. Doux Long des Landes, cv. Yolo Wonder, cv. Flambeau, cv. PI187331, cv. Cuba 3, cv. Bousso 1, cv. Pimiento Morron, cv. H3, cv. Lamu, cv. Bastidon, cv. CDP04928 and cv. Antibois which confers sensitivity to potato virus Y (PVY) strains LYE84 and SON41 and to tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains HAT and CAA10.
EIF4F is a multi-subunit complex, the composition of which varies with external and internal environmental conditions. It is composed of at least EIF4A, EIF4E and EIF4G. EIF4E is also known to interact with other partners. In higher plants two isoforms of EIF4F have been identified, named isoform EIF4F and isoform EIF(iso)4F. Isoform EIF4F has subunits p220 and p26, whereas isoform EIF(iso)4F has subunits p82 and p28.
The allele pvr2(2) correlates with resistance to pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), especially when associated with the pvr6 allele of eIF(iso)4E (PubMed:16760413). Plants harboring specific haplotypes couples for eIF4E/eIF(iso)4E are resistant or tolerant to potyvirus such as potato virus Y (PVY) (PubMed:21073716).
Variant present in the allele pvr1, haplotype I1, confers an increased resistance to tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains HAT and NW associated with impaired TEV VPg binding and inability to bind 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap.
Variant present in the strain cv. SC81, allele pvr2(5), is associated with an increased resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) strains LYE84 and SON41 but sensitivity to tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains HAT and CAA10.
Variant present in the strains cv. Chile de Arbol, allele pvr2(9), confers an increased resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) strains LYE84 and SON41 but sensitivity to tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains HAT and CAA10.
Variant present in the strains cv. Florida VR2, cv. Dempsey, cv. CDP06188 and cv. Chay Angolano, alleles pvr1-2 and pvr2(2), confers an increased resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) strain LYE84 and to tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains HAT and NW associated with impaired TEV VPg binding, but sensitivity to PVY strain SON41 and to TEV strains CAA10.
Variant present in the strains cv. HD-C69, cv. PI201234 and cv. Perennial, allele pvr2(3), is associated with an increased resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) strain LYE84 but susceptibility to PVY strain SON41 and to tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains HAT and CAA10.
Variant present in the strains cv. Maroc 1 and LP1, allele pvr2(6), confers an increased resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) strains LYE84 and SON41 but sensitivity to tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains HAT and CAA10.
Variant present in the strains cv. PI195301, allele pvr2(8), confers an increased resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) strains LYE84 and SON41 but sensitivity to tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains HAT and CAA10.
Variant present in the strains cv. Serrano Vera Cruz, allele pvr2(7), confers an increased resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) strains LYE84 and SON41 but sensitivity to tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains HAT and CAA10.
Variant present in the strains cv. Yolo Y and cv. CDP06433, alleles pvr1-1 and pvr2(1), is associated with an increased resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) strain LYE84 but sensitivity to PVY strain SON41 and to tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains HAT and CAA10.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. MenG/UbiE family.
Component of a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex.
Methyltransferase required for the conversion of 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DDMQH2) to 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2).
Belongs to the RNA polymerase alpha chain family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
In plastids the minimal PEP RNA polymerase catalytic core is composed of four subunits: alpha, beta, beta', and beta''. When a (nuclear-encoded) sigma factor is associated with the core the holoenzyme is formed, which can initiate transcription.
The N-terminal domain is essential for RNAP assembly and basal transcription, whereas the C-terminal domain is involved in interaction with transcriptional regulators and with upstream promoter elements.
Belongs to the plant DMP1 protein family.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family. RpoC2 subfamily.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. ArgA subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 43 family.
Involved in the synthesis of glucuronoxylan hemicellulose in secondary cell walls.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Can also form homotetramers.
Mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis. Terminal step in leucine catabolism. Ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are essential as an alternative source of energy to glucose, as lipid precursors and as regulators of metabolism.
Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. May be part of an intermediate translocation complex acting as a protein-conducting channel at the inner envelope.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.
Component of the cytoplasmic LSM1-LSM7 complex which is involved in mRNA degradation.
Component of the heptameric LSM1-LSM7 complex that forms a seven-membered ring structure with a donut shape.
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the dynein light chain family.
Belongs to the glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide (GPH) cation symporter transporter (TC 2.A.2.4) family.
Belongs to the TFIIF beta subunit family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 22 family.
Component of the CCR4-NOT complex, at least composed of CRR4 and CAF1 proteins.
Ubiquitous transcription factor required for a diverse set of processes. It is a component of the CCR4 complex involved in the control of gene expression.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.
Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily.
Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations.
Occurs in many kinds of cells as a complex with monomeric actin in a 1:1 ratio.
Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family.
Involved in a reduction step in the biosynthesis of the plant steroid, brassinolide.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes small subunit family.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins (By similarity). The zeta subunit may be involved in regulating the coat assembly and, hence, the rate of biosynthetic protein transport due to its association-dissociation properties with the coatomer complex.
Belongs to the PUR DNA-binding protein family.
Belongs to the ETF beta-subunit/FixA family.
The electron transfer flavoprotein serves as a specific electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases, including five acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, glutaryl-CoA and sarcosine dehydrogenase. It transfers the electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase).
Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class A subfamily.
Transcriptional activator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters.
PSK-alpha is produced by endopeptidase digestion. PSK-beta is produced from PSK-alpha by exopeptidase digestion.
Promotes plant cell differentiation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis as well as cell proliferation.
Sulfation is important for activity and for the binding to a putative membrane receptor.
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
Required for the assembly of the V0 complex of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family.
Belongs to the phosphosulfolactate synthase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Belongs to the acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) family.
Binds either 1 Fe or Ni cation per monomer. Iron-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate, while nickel-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate.
Catalyzes 2 different reactions between oxygen and the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene) depending upon the metal bound in the active site. Fe-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Fe-ARD) produces formate and 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate (KMTB), the alpha-ketoacid precursor of methionine in the methionine recycle pathway. Ni-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Ni-ARD) produces methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide and formate, and does not lie on the methionine recycle pathway.
Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Plant protein-lysine LSMT methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN5 subfamily.
May be involved in the export of heme to the mitochondrion for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes.
Seems to be required for the assembly of the photosystem I complex.
Belongs to the potassium channel family. Plant (TC 1.A.1.4) subfamily.
The KHA domain (rich in hydrophobic and acidic residues) present in the C-terminal part is likely to be important for tetramerization.
The potassium channel is composed of a homo- or heterotetrameric complex of pore-forming subunits.
The segment S4 is probably the voltage-sensor and is characterized by a series of positively charged amino acids. The pore-forming region H5 is enclosed by the transmembrane segments S5 and S6 in the Shaker-type (1P/6TM) and contains the GYGD signature motif which seems to be involved in potassium selectivity.
GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family.
Belongs to the NFYA/HAP2 subunit family.
Component of the sequence-specific heterotrimeric transcription factor (NF-Y) which specifically recognizes a 5'-CCAAT-3' box motif found in the promoters of its target genes.
Heterotrimeric transcription factor composed of three components, NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC. NF-YB and NF-YC must interact and dimerize for NF-YA association and DNA binding.
Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate.
May be involved in both secretory and endocytic intracellular trafficking in the endosomal/prevacuolar compartments.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL37 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell.
Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
In eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.
Belongs to the alkaline ceramidase family.
Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A family.
Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. LeuA type 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family.
Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. Flotillin subfamily.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has four main subunits: a, b, b' and c.
Key component of the proton channel; it plays a direct role in the translocation of protons across the membrane.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S9 family.
Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class IV subfamily.
Constitutively interacts with CASP4; required for the localization of procaspase 4 to the ER.
Critical mediator, in cooperation with CASP4, of endoplasmic reticulum-stress induced apoptosis. Required or the activation of CASP4 following endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Belongs to the NRAMP (TC 2.A.55) family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS12 family.
Belongs to the prokaryotic/mitochondrial release factor family.
Belongs to the PHD-associated homeobox family.
Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family.
Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family.
Belongs to the complex I 24 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta-synthase family.
Decapping enzyme for NAD-capped RNAs: specifically hydrolyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cap from a subset of RNAs by removing the entire NAD moiety from the 5'-end of an NAD-capped RNA.
Acts as a calcium sensor. CBL proteins interact with CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of a CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner.
Belongs to the calcineurin regulatory subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin (TC 1.B.8.1) family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 38 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.
This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Type-7 methyltransferase family.
Interacts with HSP90 in an ATP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the complex I LYR family. SDHAF1 subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial/plant glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family.
This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL21 family.
Putative RNA polymerase II subunit B1 C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase involved in RNA polymerase II transcription regulation.
Catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration. This is a prerequisite for the S-specific NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase to allow the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX.
Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1.A.56) family. SLC31A subfamily.
Belongs to the polyadenylate-binding protein type-1 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 family.
Belongs to the SLAC1 S-type anion channel family.
Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family.
Involved in the lipid remodeling steps of GPI-anchor maturation.
Belongs to the class II aldolase/RraA-like family.
Catalyzes the aldol cleavage of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate (HMG) into 2 molecules of pyruvate. Also contains a secondary oxaloacetate (OAA) decarboxylase activity due to the common pyruvate enolate transition state formed following C-C bond cleavage in the retro-aldol and decarboxylation reactions.
Belongs to the polyprenol kinase family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Quinone oxidoreductase subfamily.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN6 subfamily.
Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.
The globular domain of the protein is located near the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit, while an extended beta-hairpin is found that lines the wall of the exit tunnel in the center of the 70S ribosome.
This protein binds specifically to 23S rRNA.
Belongs to the plant CAR protein family.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. BSU subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bTHX family.
Activation of RuBisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; EC 4.1.1.39) involves the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the epsilon-amino group of lysine leading to a carbamate structure.
Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35) family.
Involved in nucleotide metabolism via production of dUMP, the immediate precursor of thymidine nucleotides, and decreases the intracellular concentration of dUTP so that uracil cannot be incorporated into DNA.
Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Belongs to the ribose 5-phosphate isomerase family.
Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Aurora subfamily.
Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family.
Converts phytoene into zeta-carotene via the intermediary of phytofluene by the symmetrical introduction of two double bonds at the C-11 and C-11' positions of phytoene with a concomitant isomerization of two neighboring double bonds at the C9 and C9' positions from trans to cis.
Inhibited by the herbicides metflurazon, difunone, fluridone and diflufenican.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
Belongs to the 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase family.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase large chain family.
Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.
Binds 16S rRNA, required for the assembly of 30S particles.
Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family.
The Q motif is unique to and characteristic of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases and controls ATP binding and hydrolysis.
Belongs to the autoinducer-2 exporter (AI-2E) (TC 2.A.86) family.
Belongs to the TALE/KNOX homeobox family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 19 family. Chitinase class I subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. BET3 subfamily.
Belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family.
Belongs to the WD repeat peroxin-7 family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 3 family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase family.
Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.
Protein S19 forms a complex with S13 that binds strongly to the 16S ribosomal RNA.
Belongs to the spermidine/spermine synthase family.
Belongs to the FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family.
Heterodimer of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit. PSII is composed of 1 copy each of membrane proteins PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, PsbE, PsbF, PsbH, PsbI, PsbJ, PsbK, PsbL, PsbM, PsbT, PsbX, PsbY, PsbZ, Ycf12, at least 3 peripheral proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex and a large number of cofactors. It forms dimeric complexes.
This b-type cytochrome is tightly associated with the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
With its partner (PsbE) binds heme. PSII binds additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and specific lipids.
The QLQ domain and WRC domain may be involved in protein-protein interaction and DNA-binding, respectively.
Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions.
The 4 large subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex are cytochrome b6, subunit IV (17 kDa polypeptide, PetD), cytochrome f and the Rieske protein, while the 4 small subunits are PetG, PetL, PetM and PetN. The complex functions as a dimer.
Belongs to the eukaryotic diacylglycerol kinase family.
Phosphorylates the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), another important signaling molecule. PA is required for plant development and responses to abiotic stress and pathogen attack.
The primary product of this enzyme is 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone (also termed naringenin-chalcone or chalcone) which can under specific conditions spontaneously isomerize into naringenin.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (25S, 5.8S and 5S).
Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo12/eukaryotic RPC10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family.
Adaptor protein complexes are heterotetramers composed of two large adaptins (beta-type subunit and alpha-type or delta-type or epsilon-type or gamma-type subunit), a medium adaptin (mu-type subunit) and a small adaptin (sigma-type subunit).
Subunit of clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN) and/or endosomes. The AP complexes mediate both the recruitment of clathrin to membranes and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules.
Belongs to the phosphoribulokinase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolases 36 family.
Arginine methyltransferase involved in the assembly or stability of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I).
Belongs to the BPG-independent phosphoglycerate mutase family.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the MsrA Met sulfoxide reductase family.
May be involved in nucleotide excision repair (By similarity). Binds and presumably selects ubiquitin-conjugates for destruction. Prefers multiubiquitin chains rather than single ubiquitins, with a binding affinity for 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin chains. Acts as a ubiquitin receptor that associates with the 26S proteasomal docking subunit RPN10 for the indirect recognition of ubiquitinated substrates of ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated proteolysis (UPP).
Multiubiquitin chain receptor involved in modulation of proteasomal degradation. Involved in nucleotide excision repair.
Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily.
PsaD can form complexes with ferredoxin and ferredoxin-oxidoreductase in photosystem I (PS I) reaction center. PSAD may encode the ferredoxin-docking protein.
Belongs to the CDI family. ICK/KRP subfamily.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL17 family.
Part of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system that transports large folded proteins containing a characteristic twin-arginine motif in their signal peptide across the thylakoid membrane. Involved in delta pH-dependent protein transport required for chloroplast development, especially thylakoid membrane formation. TATC and TATB mediate precursor recognition, whereas TATA facilitates translocation.
Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.
Required for N-linked oligosaccharide assembly.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. DCP2 subfamily.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK6 subfamily.
Broad-specificity nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase that catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between nucleoside triphosphates and monophosphates. Has also ATPase activity.
Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family.
Bifunctional enzyme. Involved in de novo dTMP biosynthesis. Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Can play two different roles depending on the source of dihydrofolate: de novo synthesis of tetrahydrofolate or recycling of the dihydrofolate released as one of the end products of the TS catalyzed reaction. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, DNA precursor synthesis, and for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the thymidylate synthase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the dihydrofolate reductase family.
Belongs to the small hydrophilic plant seed protein family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. BUD23/WBSCR22 family.
Belongs to the TAF9 family. CENP-S/MHF1 subfamily.
Acts as a Mg(2+) transporter. Can also transport other divalent cations such as Fe(2+), Sr(2+), Ba(2+), Mn(2+) and Co(2+) but to a much less extent than Mg(2+).
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.
Belongs to the diphthine synthase family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes four methylations of the modified target histidine residue in translation elongation factor 2 (EF-2), to form an intermediate called diphthine methyl ester. The four successive methylation reactions represent the second step of diphthamide biosynthesis.
Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. CMP-Sialate:CMP antiporter (TC 2.A.7.12) subfamily.
Belongs to the protoporphyrinogen/coproporphyrinogen oxidase family. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase subfamily.
Catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to form protoporphyrin-IX.
Belongs to the PEP-utilizing enzyme family.
May regulate transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. May enhance transcriptional pausing at sites proximal to the promoter, which may in turn facilitate the assembly of an elongation competent RNA polymerase II complex.
Seems to be required for maximal rate of protein biosynthesis. Enhances ribosome dissociation into subunits and stabilizes the binding of the initiator Met-tRNA(I) to 40 S ribosomal subunits.
Belongs to the CcmF/CycK/Ccl1/NrfE/CcsA family.
Required during biogenesis of c-type cytochromes (cytochrome c6 and cytochrome f) at the step of heme attachment.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Plant sucrose synthase subfamily.
Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways.
Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family.
Binds 2 magnesium ions. Also active with manganese.
Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's.
Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.
Belongs to the pyridoxal phosphate-binding protein YggS/PROSC family.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-binding protein, which may be involved in intracellular homeostatic regulation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 10 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Bacterial/plant glycogen synthase subfamily.
Belongs to the CRT-like transporter family.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Katanin p60 subunit A1 subfamily.
Severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.
G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. NTM1 family.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family.
Belongs to the thioesterase PaaI family.
Belongs to the SLC29A/ENT transporter (TC 2.A.57) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL23 family.
Belongs to the GTP-binding elongation factor family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Mitochondrial GTPase that catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.
Belongs to the homoserine dehydrogenase family.
Component of the PI(3,5)P2 regulatory complex at least composed of ATG18, SAC/FIG4, FAB1 and VAC14.
Belongs to the sphingomyelin synthase family.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-5 (PP-T) subfamily.
Belongs to the bifunctional nuclease family.
Bifunctional nuclease with both RNase and DNase activities. Involved in basal defense response. Participates in abscisic acid-derived callose deposition following infection by a necrotrophic pathogen.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNAT subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 27 family.
Cytokinin-activating enzyme working in the direct activation pathway. Phosphoribohydrolase that converts inactive cytokinin nucleotides to the biologically active free-base forms.
Belongs to the chalcone isomerase family.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase type 1 subfamily.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Has a high-affinity and a low affinity metal-binding site. The true nature of the physiological cofactor is under debate. The enzyme is active with cobalt, zinc, manganese or divalent iron ions. Most likely, methionine aminopeptidases function as mononuclear Fe(2+)-metalloproteases under physiological conditions, and the catalytically relevant metal-binding site has been assigned to the histidine-containing high-affinity site.
Cotranslationally removes the N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins. The N-terminal methionine is often cleaved when the second residue in the primary sequence is small and uncharged (Met-Ala-, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr, or Val).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.
Catalyzes the double cyclization reaction which converts lycopene to beta-carotene (PubMed:7550379, PubMed:20460582). Catalyzes the double cyclization reaction which converts neurosporene to 7,8-dihydro-beta-carotene (PubMed:20460582).
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the long-chain O-acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. FabI subfamily.
Transcription elongation factor implicated in the maintenance of proper chromatin structure in actively transcribed regions.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase eukaryotic type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the precorrin methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. UBA3 subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of the dimeric E1 enzyme, which activates NEDD8.
Belongs to the IspD/TarI cytidylyltransferase family. IspD subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) family.
Belongs to the JARID1 histone demethylase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS25 family.
Belongs to the complex I 30 kDa subunit family.
Acts as a component of a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Component of the SCF-type E3 ligase complex.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
The jas domain is required for interaction with COI1.
Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53) family.
Belongs to the heme-copper respiratory oxidase family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Zeta family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. NOG subfamily.
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) (TC 2.A.105) family.
Mediates the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA8 subunit family.
Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family.
May be involved in modulation of pathogen defense and leaf cell death.
The C-terminus contains a calmodulin-binding domain, which binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent fashion.
Belongs to the EF-1-beta/EF-1-delta family.
EF-1 is composed of 4 subunits: alpha, beta (1B-alpha=beta'), delta (1B-beta), and gamma (1B-gamma).
Belongs to the OXA1/ALB3/YidC (TC 2.A.9.2) family.
Putative transcription activator involved in regulating light control of development.
Stabilizer subunit of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex; tethers catalytic subunit to the ER.
Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of some multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Nitrate/nitrite porter (TC 2.A.1.8) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS11 family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c family. PetJ subfamily.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family.
Expressed in flowers and red fruit tissues. Not detected in leaves, stems, roots or green fruits.
Involved in basal resistance against pathogens.
Strongly induced by inoculation with an avirulent strain of pathogen, but not with a virulent strain. Induced by salicylic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid and drought. Not induced by cold, wounding or H(2)O(2).
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family.
Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA5 subunit family.
Belongs to the endoribonuclease YbeY family.
Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting.
Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase E subunit family.
Belongs to the cysteine dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.
Plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins transfer phospholipids as well as galactolipids across membranes. May play a role in wax or cutin deposition in the cell walls of expanding epidermal cells and certain secretory tissues.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL14 family.
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Belongs to the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family.
Belongs to the tRNA methyltransferase O family.
Belongs to the TALE/BELL homeobox family.
Catalyzes the ferrous insertion into protoporphyrin IX.
Belongs to the CWC16 family. YJU2 subfamily.
Component of the spliceosome. Present in the activated B complex, the catalytically activated B* complex which catalyzes the branching, the catalytic step 1 C complex catalyzing the exon ligation, and the postcatalytic P complex containing the ligated exons (mRNA) and the excised lariat intron.
Part of the spliceosome which catalyzes two sequential transesterification reactions, first the excision of the non-coding intron from pre-mRNA and then the ligation of the coding exons to form the mature mRNA. Plays a role in stabilizing the structure of the spliceosome catalytic core and docking of the branch helix into the active site, producing 5'-exon and lariat intron-3'-intermediates.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL33 family.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. SerB family.
Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbB subfamily.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). It binds chlorophyll and helps catalyze the primary light-induced photochemical processes of PSII. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation.
May help in the organization of the PsaE and PsaF subunits.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA12 subunit family.
Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCG family. PDR (TC 3.A.1.205) subfamily.
Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts (By similarity). Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome (By similarity). Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step.
Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts. Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome. Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step.
eIF-5A seems to be the only eukaryotic protein to have a hypusine residue which is a post-translational modification of a lysine by the addition of a butylamino group.
Belongs to the biotin--protein ligase family.
Involved in regulation of actin and microtubule organization. Part of a WAVE complex that activates the Arp2/3 complex.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL22 family.
Belongs to the type II topoisomerase GyrA/ParC subunit family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase e1/e2 subunit family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL36 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.
P1 and P2 exist as dimers at the large ribosomal subunit.
Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.
Apoprotein for the two 4Fe-4S centers FA and FB of photosystem I (PSI); essential for photochemical activity. FB is the terminal electron acceptor of PSI, donating electrons to ferredoxin. The C-terminus interacts with PsaA/B/D and helps assemble the protein into the PSI complex. Required for binding of PsaD and PsaE to PSI. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn.
Binds 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters. Cluster 2 is most probably the spectroscopically characterized electron acceptor FA and cluster 1 is most probably FB.
The eukaryotic PSI reaction center is composed of at least 11 subunits.
Component of several multiprotein Golgi SNARE complexes.
Involved in transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus as well as in intra-Golgi transport. It belongs to a super-family of proteins called t-SNAREs or soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two-step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu).
A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the type II topoisomerase GyrB family.
Made up of two chains. The A chain is responsible for DNA breakage and rejoining; the B chain catalyzes ATP hydrolysis.
Belongs to the SLC35F solute transporter family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family.
Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP-glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation.
Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) to specific initiation sites and are then released.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 10 (cellulase F) family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class dual specificity subfamily.
Belongs to the zeta carotene desaturase family.
Catalyzes the conversion of zeta-carotene to lycopene via the intermediary of neurosporene. It carries out two consecutive desaturations (introduction of double bonds) at positions C-7 and C-7'. Shows stereoselectivity toward trans C15-C15'zeta-carotene double bond. The zeta-carotene produced by the phytoene desaturase PDS has a C15-C15' double bond in the cis configuration and it requires isomerization before being recognized as substrate by ZDS. No activity with all-trans-zeta-carotene. The main product is 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene (pro-lycopene).
Lipophilic quinones such as decyl-plastoquinone or decyl-ubiquinone.
Belongs to the phage and mitochondrial RNA polymerase family.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin U/P subfamily.
Belongs to the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase iron-sulfur protein family.
Component of complex II composed of eight subunits in plants: four classical SDH subunits SDH1, SDH2, SDH3 and SDH4 (a flavoprotein (FP), an iron-sulfur protein (IP), and a cytochrome b composed of a large and a small subunit.), as well as four subunits unknown in mitochondria from bacteria and heterotrophic eukaryotes.
Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Catalyzes an early step in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. Binds two molecules of 5-aminolevulinate per subunit, each at a distinct site, and catalyzes their condensation to form porphobilinogen.
Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
Component of the 7-subunit TFIIH core complex composed of XPB, XPD, TFB1/GTF2H1, GTF2H2/P44, TFB4/GTF2H3, TFB2/GTF2H4 and TFB5/GTF2H5, which is active in NER. The core complex associates with the 3-subunit CDK-activating kinase (CAK) module composed of CYCH1/cyclin H1, CDKD and MAT1/At4g30820 to form the 10-subunit holoenzyme (holo-TFIIH) active in transcription.
Component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module CAK controls the initiation of transcription.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII), required for its stability and/or assembly. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family.
The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and may also direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment.
May play a role in vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi.
Belongs to the methylthioribose kinase family.
Belongs to the ferroportin (FP) (TC 2.A.100) family. SLC40A subfamily.
May be involved in iron transport and iron homeostasis.
Associates with 90S and pre-40S pre-ribosomal particles.
Component of the 90S pre-ribosome involved in the maturation of rRNAs. Required for early cleavages of the pre-RNAs in the 40S ribosomal subunit maturation pathway.
Belongs to the DVL/RTFL small polypeptides family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 4L family.
Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the SurE nucleotidase family.
Belongs to the ALG6/ALG8 glucosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC7 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 4 family. MraY subfamily.
Belongs to the thiamine pyrophosphokinase family.
Belongs to the MoaE family. MOCS2B subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of the molybdopterin synthase complex, a complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin. Acts by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms from thiocarboxylated MOCS2A into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group.
Heterotetramer; composed of 2 small (MOCS2A) and 2 large (MOCS2B) subunits.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. UBA5 subfamily.
Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 48 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.
Belongs to the phospholipase D family. C2-PLD subfamily.
Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond.
Divalent metal cations. Prefers magnesium or manganese.
Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 32 family.
May be present in two forms, a 70 kDa monomer and a heterodimer of the 30 kDa and 38 kDa subunits. The ratio of the levels of the two forms within cells appears to be regulated developmentally (By similarity).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL32 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase proteolipid subunit family.
Proton-conducting pore forming subunit of the membrane integral V0 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Belongs to the IPP isomerase type 1 family.
Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.
Catalyzes the two steps reaction converting geranylgeranyl diphosphate to phytoene via prephytoene diphosphate.
Expressed in fruits, at lower levels in leaves.
Inhibited by inorganic pyrophosphate and hydroxyphenylglyoxal.
While the color of orange fruits is due either to the accumulation of beta-carotene, or due to only the accumulation of red and yellow carotenoids, all peppers studied have a wild type PSY1 enzyme.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB4 RNA polymerase subunit family.
TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation.
Catalyzes the last step of tRNA splicing, the transfer of the splice junction 2'-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD to produce ADP-ribose 1''-2'' cyclic phosphate.
Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the NAD synthetase family.
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Organophosphate:Pi antiporter (OPA) (TC 2.A.1.4) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL18 family.
Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family.
Belongs to the geranylgeranyl reductase family. ChlP subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family.
May be involved in the transport of sterols.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family.
Belongs to the ATPase gamma chain family.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. SIP (TC 1.A.8.10) subfamily.
Belongs to the BPG-independent phosphoglycerate mutase family. A-PGAM subfamily.
Catalyzes the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate.
Belongs to the plastid outer envelope porin OEP21 (TC 1.B.29) family.
Voltage-dependent rectifying anion channel that facilitates the translocation between chloroplast and cytoplasm of phosphorylated carbohydrates such as triosephosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate and inorganic phosphate (Pi) depending of ATP to triosephosphate ratio in the plastidial intermembrane space; in high triosephosphate/ATP conditions (e.g. photosynthesis), export of triosphosphate from chloroplast (outward rectifying channels), but in high ATP/triosephosphate conditions (e.g. dark phase), import of phosphosolutes (inward rectifying channels).
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. CPSF5 subfamily.
Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex that plays a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-processing.
Homodimer. Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex.
Belongs to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX54/DBP10 subfamily.
Belongs to the YSL (TC 2.A.67.2) family.
Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.
Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Alax-L subfamily.
Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two-step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain.
Consists of three domains; the N-terminal catalytic domain, the editing domain and the C-terminal C-Ala domain. The editing domain removes incorrectly charged amino acids, while the C-Ala domain, along with tRNA(Ala), serves as a bridge to cooperatively bring together the editing and aminoacylation centers thus stimulating deacylation of misacylated tRNAs.
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutL/HexB family.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the homoserine dehydrogenase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the aspartokinase family.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 29 family.
Arginine methyltransferase that can both catalyze the formation of omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA).
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase family. PRMT7 subfamily.
Participates in efficiency of electron transfer from plastocyanin to P700 (or cytochrome c553 in algae and cyanobacteria). This plastocyanin-docking protein contributes to the specific association of plastocyanin to PSI.
Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily.
Belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1.A.1.11) family. Two pore calcium channel subfamily.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 4 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF13/WDSOF1 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. TRM7 subfamily.
Methylates the 2'-O-ribose of nucleotides at positions 32 and 34 of the tRNA anticodon loop of substrate tRNAs.
Belongs to the membrane magnesium transporter (TC 1.A.67) family.
Accumulates mainly in the placenta of red fruits, and, to a lower extent, in green fruits placenta, pericarp and seeds.
Inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, by N-(O-hydroxyphenyl) sulfinamoyltertiobutyl acetate (OHPAS), a specific cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) inhibitor, as well as by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a metalloenzyme inhibitor.
Involved in the biosynthesis of capsinoids natural products (e.g. capsiate), non-pungent alkaloids synthesized from phenylpropanoid intermediates in the placental tissue of sweet chili pepper fruit acting as repellant on herbivorous mammals (PubMed:19553373, PubMed:35858994). Catalyzes the reduction of vanillin to generate vanillyl alcohol, a precursor of capsiate, a non-pungent component that accumulates mainly in the placenta of mature red fruits, but also in green fruits to lower levels (PubMed:35858994). Involved in lignin biosynthesis (By similarity). Catalyzes the final step specific for the production of lignin monomers (By similarity). Mediates the conversion of cinnamaldehyde and coniferaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol, respectively (PubMed:35858994). Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, 4-coumaraldehyde and caffeyl aldehyde to their respective alcohols (By similarity).
Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class II subfamily.
Catalyzes the conversion of caffeic acid to ferulic acid and of 5-hydroxyferulic acid to sinapic acid. The resulting products may subsequently be converted to the corresponding alcohols that are incorporated into lignins.
Expression increases during fruit development but decreases during ripening.
Belongs to the NADH dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB3 subunit family.
Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.
Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbC subfamily.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface and is required for correct PSII assembly and/or dimerization.
PSII is composed of 1 copy each of membrane proteins PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, PsbE, PsbF, PsbH, PsbI, PsbJ, PsbK, PsbL, PsbM, PsbT, PsbX, PsbY, PsbZ, Psb30/Ycf12, at least 3 peripheral proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex and a large number of cofactors. It forms dimeric complexes.
The initiator methionine is created by RNA editing. Editing occurs in both leaves and in non-photosynthetic fruit.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL13 family.
Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily.
The DELLA motif is required for its GA-induced degradation.
Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS6 family.
Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family.
Heterotetramer of subunits RFC2, RFC3, RFC4 and RFC5 that can form a complex with RFC1.
Central component of the receptor complex responsible for the recognition and translocation of cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins. Together with TOM22 functions as the transit peptide receptor at the surface of the mitochondrion outer membrane and facilitates the movement of preproteins into the translocation pore.
Interconverts GlcNAc-6-P and GlcNAc-1-P.
Belongs to the 11S seed storage protein (globulins) family.
Proteoglycan that seems to be implicated in diverse developmental roles such as differentiation, cell-cell recognition, embryogenesis and programmed cell death.
Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family. SpeA subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. rRNA adenine N(6)-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the isochorismate synthase family.
PsaA and PsaB bind P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I (PSI), as well as the electron acceptors A0, A1 and FX. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. Oxidized P700 is reduced on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane by plastocyanin.
The PsaA/B heterodimer binds the P700 chlorophyll special pair and subsequent electron acceptors. PSI consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The eukaryotic PSI reaction center is composed of at least 11 subunits.
Belongs to the PTEN phosphatase protein family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Theta family.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The alpha chain is a regulatory subunit.
(Microbial infection) Interacts with viral genome-linked protein (VPg); this interaction is possible in susceptible hosts but impaired in resistant plants.
(Microbial infection) Susceptibility host factor required for viral infection by recruiting viral RNAs to the host ribosomal complex via an interaction with viral genome-linked protein (VPg).
(Microbial infection) Truncated protein associated with pvr6 resistance allele, correlates with resistance to pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), especially when associated with the pvr2(2) allele of eIF4E.
According to the redox status, the Cys-101-Cys-140 disulfide bridge may have a role in regulating protein function by affecting its ability to bind capped mRNA.
Component of the protein complex eIF4F, which is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of mRNA to the ribosome (By similarity). Recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures (By similarity). Key component of recessive resistance to potyviruses (PubMed:16760413, PubMed:21073716).
Displayed sequence is from cv. Florida VR2, cv. Yolo Y and cv. Yolo Wonder, cv. CDP06433, cv. CDP09688 and cv. Zunla-1, with allele pvr6(+) (haplotype C1), and correlates with susceptibility to pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV).
Plants harboring specific haplotypes couples for eIF4E/eIF(iso)4E are resistant or tolerant to potyvirus such as potato virus Y (PVY).
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 21 family.
Belongs to the DDOST 48 kDa subunit family.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Belongs to the plant ureide permease (TC 2.A.7.19) family.
Belongs to the CND2 H2 (condensin-2 subunit 2) family.
Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose.
Belongs to the S1FA transcription factor family.
DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes a negative element (S1F) within the RPS1 promoter.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC23 subfamily.
Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules.
Involved in the second step of GPI biosynthesis. De-N-acetylation of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol.
Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family.
Binds 1 Mo-molybdopterin (Mo-MPT) cofactor per subunit.
Specifically recognizes and binds N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-containing RNAs, and regulates mRNA stability. M6A is a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs and plays a role in mRNA stability and processing.
Heterotetramer of TRAP-alpha, TRAP-beta, TRAP-delta and TRAP-gamma.
Shows a remarkable charge distribution with the N-terminus being highly negatively charged, and the cytoplasmic C-terminus positively charged.
TRAP proteins are part of a complex whose function is to bind calcium to the ER membrane and thereby regulate the retention of ER resident proteins. May be involved in the recycling of the translocation apparatus after completion of the translocation process or may function as a membrane-bound chaperone facilitating folding of translocated proteins.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. RIO-type Ser/Thr kinase family.
Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. 9-divinyl ether synthase subfamily.
Involved in the biosynthesis of the anti-fungal toxins colneleic acid and colnelenic acid.
Belongs to the cytochrome b family. PetB subfamily.
Binds 2 heme b groups non-covalently with two histidine residues as axial ligands.
Binds one heme group covalently by a single cysteine link with no axial amino acid ligand. This heme was named heme ci.
Heme 1 (or BH or b566) is high-potential and absorbs at about 566 nm, and heme 2 (or BL or b562) is low-potential and absorbs at about 562 nm.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family.
Transcription elongation factor that enhances transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII).
Recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin. Involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. This subunit can bind 18S rRNA.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. FDH subfamily.
Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. Involved in the cell stress response.
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx5 subfamily.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides.
Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.
Component of the elongator complex which is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs.
The nitrogen atoms of the two glycine residues in the GGXR motif define the oxyanion hole, and stabilize the oxyanion that forms during the nucleophilic attack by the catalytic serine during substrate cleavage.
Has a role in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of proteins and mRNAs.
Belongs to the ketol-acid reductoisomerase family.
C-terminally processed by CtpA; processing is essential to allow assembly of the oxygen-evolving complex and thus photosynthetic growth.
Herbicides such as atrazine, BNT, diuron or ioxynil bind in the Q(B) binding site and block subsequent electron transfer.
Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors.
Tyr-161 forms a radical intermediate that is referred to as redox-active TyrZ, YZ or Y-Z.
Belongs to the V-ATPase F subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex.
Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks.
Belongs to the fluoride channel Fluc/FEX (TC 1.A.43) family.
Fluoride channel required for the rapid expulsion of cytoplasmic fluoride.
Belongs to the V-ATPase 116 kDa subunit family.
Essential component of the vacuolar proton pump (V-ATPase), a multimeric enzyme that catalyzes the translocation of protons across the membranes. Required for assembly and activity of the V-ATPase.
Belongs to the SOFL plant protein family.
During the catalytic reaction, a sulfide is transferred from Cys-225 to a reaction intermediate, generating a dehydroalanine residue.
Involved in biosynthesis of the thiamine precursor thiazole. Catalyzes the conversion of NAD and glycine to adenosine diphosphate 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole-2-carboxylic acid (ADT), an adenylated thiazole intermediate. The reaction includes an iron-dependent sulfide transfer from a conserved cysteine residue of the protein to a thiazole intermediate. The enzyme can only undergo a single turnover, which suggests it is a suicide enzyme. May have additional roles in adaptation to various stress conditions and in DNA damage tolerance.
Belongs to the ubiquitin conjugation factor E4 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL32 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.
This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL18 family.
With its partner (PsbF) binds heme. PSII binds additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and specific lipids.
May be involved in cooperative interactions with calmodulins or calmodulin-like proteins (By similarity). Recruits calmodulin proteins to microtubules, thus being a potential scaffold in cellular signaling and trafficking (By similarity). May associate with nucleic acids and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex. Interacts with H3K4me3 and to a lesser extent with H3K4me2.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.
Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.
Belongs to the glutaminase PdxT/SNO family.
Catalyzes the reversible reaction in which hydroxymethyl group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate is transferred onto alpha-ketoisovalerate to form ketopantoate.
P0 forms a pentameric complex by interaction with dimers of P1 and P2.
Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family.
Belongs to the ParA family. MinD subfamily.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. HMG-CoA synthase family.
Catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type I subfamily.
Heterohexadecamer of 8 large chains and 8 small chains; disulfide-linked. The disulfide link is formed within the large subunit homodimers.
Catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase vacuolar ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Trimethylguanosine synthase family.
Belongs to the tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase family.
Functions as two-component phosphorelay mediators between cytokinin sensor histidine kinases and response regulators (B-type ARRs). Plays an important role in propagating cytokinin signal transduction.
Histidine-containing phosphotransfer domain (HPt) contains an active histidine that mediates the phosphotransfer.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL13 family.
Belongs to the transketolase family. DXPS subfamily.
Belongs to the SIS family. GutQ/KpsF subfamily.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
In the central section; belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family.
Component of the F(0) channel, it forms part of the peripheral stalk, linking F(1) to F(0).
LSm subunits form a heteromer with a doughnut shape.
Plays a role in U6 snRNP assembly and function. Binds to the 3' end of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA1 subunit family.
Belongs to the Cold-regulated 413 protein family.
May participate in a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays.
Belongs to the aromatic acid exporter (TC 2.A.85) family.
Belongs to the thioredoxin family. Plant CITRX-type subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL34 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase C subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment. Subunit C is necessary for the assembly of the catalytic sector of the enzyme and is likely to have a specific function in its catalytic activity.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex (components A to H) attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of NAD from nicotinic acid, the ATP-dependent synthesis of beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from nicotinate and 5-phospho-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
Transiently phosphorylated on a His residue during the reaction cycle. Phosphorylation strongly increases the affinity for substrates and increases the rate of nicotinate D-ribonucleotide production. Dephosphorylation regenerates the low-affinity form of the enzyme, leading to product release.
Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. Type II PI4K subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.
Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA.
Seems to play a role in the dimerization of PSII.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family.
Oligomer of 24 subunits. There are two types of subunits: L (light) chain and H (heavy) chain. The major chain can be light or heavy, depending on the species and tissue type. The functional molecule forms a roughly spherical shell with a diameter of 12 nm and contains a central cavity into which the insoluble mineral iron core is deposited.
Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation.
Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation.
Belongs to the nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) family. Azg-like subfamily.
Belongs to the 2-oxoadipate dioxygenase/decarboxylase family.
Belongs to the UPL family. TOM1/PTR1 subfamily.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METL family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase.
Belongs to the phospholipid scramblase family.
Expressed during fruit ripening, but not during fruit development (PubMed:18359841, PubMed:18427769). Expressed during leaf senescence, but not during leaf development (PubMed:18427769).
Required to trigger chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence and fruit ripening.
Belongs to the SIMIBI class G3E GTPase family. ZNG1 subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family.
Allosterically activated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. PPi-dependent PFK group II subfamily. Clade 'Long' sub-subfamily.
Regulatory subunit of pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase.
Tetramer of two alpha (regulatory) and two beta (catalytic) chains.
Belongs to the XRCC4-XLF family. XRCC4 subfamily.
Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo3/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the MPDU1 (TC 2.A.43.3) family.
Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGN subfamily.
Ethanolamine phosphate transferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers ethanolamine phosphate to the first alpha-1,4-linked mannose of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol precursor of GPI-anchor.
Belongs to the nucleoporin NSP1/NUP62 family.
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit beta family.
Catalyzes the conversion of the ubiquitous 5,6-epoxycarotenoids, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, into capsanthin and capsorubin, respectively.
Belongs to the prenylcysteine oxidase family.
Although plant and algal NBP35 proteins lack the characteristic CXXC motif in the C-terminus, thought to be required for Fe-S cluster binding, they can bind a [4Fe-4S] cluster in the C-terminus. Also, in this linage, no CFD1 partner protein homolog as found in other eukaryotes can be found.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. NUBP1/NBP35 subfamily.
Binds 3 [4Fe-4S] clusters per homodimer. Contains two stable clusters in the N-termini and one labile, bridging cluster between subunits of the homodimer.
Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. Functions as Fe-S scaffold, mediating the de novo assembly of an Fe-S cluster and its transfer to target apoproteins. Essential for embryo development.
Homodimer and homotetramer. Predominantly homodimeric.
Introduction of a cis double bond between carbons of the acyl chain.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. IF-2 subfamily.
One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Protects formylmethionyl-tRNA from spontaneous hydrolysis and promotes its binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits. Also involved in the hydrolysis of GTP during the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPA49/POLR1E RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.
The active site is a redox-active disulfide bond.
Probable ATPase of unknown function. Its presence in a non-photosynthetic plant (Epifagus virginiana) and experiments in tobacco indicate that it has an essential function which is probably not related to photosynthesis.
Involved in the post-translational conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein. This arginylation is required for degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway.
Belongs to the threonine synthase family.
Belongs to the HMG-CoA reductase family.
Catalyzes the synthesis of mevalonate. The specific precursor of all isoprenoid compounds present in plants.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM5/TYW2 family.
Specifically methylates the N1 position of guanosine-37 in various cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Methylation is not dependent on the nature of the nucleoside 5' of the target nucleoside. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of wybutosine (yW), a modified base adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs and required for accurate decoding.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL6 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 81 family.
Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family.
Binds 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters per subunit. One cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives.
Catalytic subunit of an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tRNA methyltransferase complex that mediates the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNAs.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S3 family.
Belongs to the ADP/ATP translocase tlc family.
Component of the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. The FACT complex is involved in multiple processes that require DNA as a template such as mRNA elongation, DNA replication and DNA repair. During transcription elongation the FACT complex acts as a histone chaperone that both destabilizes and restores nucleosomal structure. It facilitates the passage of RNA polymerase II and transcription by promoting the dissociation of one histone H2A-H2B dimer from the nucleosome, then subsequently promotes the reestablishment of the nucleosome following the passage of RNA polymerase II.
Component of the FACT complex, a stable heterodimer of SPT16 and SSRP1.
Binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the anthranilate synthase component I family.
TAFs are components of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex that is essential for mediating regulation of RNA polymerase transcription.
Chaperone protein which promotes assembly of the 20S proteasome as part of a heterodimer with PSMG1.
Belongs to the beta-class carbonic anhydrase family.
Catalyzes the specific phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of shikimic acid using ATP as a cosubstrate.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family.
PSII is composed of 1 copy each of membrane proteins PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, numerous small proteins, at least 3 peripheral proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex and a large number of cofactors. It forms dimeric complexes.
Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase family.
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of four acetate groups of uroporphyrinogen-III to yield coproporphyrinogen-III.
Belongs to the mandelate racemase/muconate lactonizing enzyme family.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. NifS/IscS subfamily.
May be involved in the degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
May be involved in the degradation process of specific misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
Belongs to the PpiC/parvulin rotamase family. PIN4 subfamily.
Belongs to the CpcT/CpeT biliprotein lyase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 1 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS33 family.
Belongs to the nitrate reductase family.
Nitrate reductase is a key enzyme involved in the first step of nitrate assimilation in plants, fungi and bacteria.
Catalyzes the condensation of 2 farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) moieties to form squalene.
RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate in the photorespiration process. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site.
The disulfide bond which can form in the large chain dimeric partners within the hexadecamer appears to be associated with oxidative stress and protein turnover.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.
Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts.
G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site.
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems.
The helical domain is required for self-activation.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2).
Belongs to the myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase family.
Belongs to the peptidase M24 family. SPT16 subfamily.
Adds a myristoyl group to the N-terminal glycine residue of certain cellular proteins.
Required for proper 27S pre-rRNA processing and 60S ribosome subunit assembly.
Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-X family.
DNA polymerase that functions in several pathways of DNA repair. Involved in base excision repair (BER) responsible for repair of lesions that give rise to abasic (AP) sites in DNA. Also contributes to DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination. Has both template-dependent and template-independent (terminal transferase) DNA polymerase activities. Has also a 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity.
Involved in the biosynthesis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1). Methyltransferase required for the conversion of 2-phytyl-1,4-beta-naphthoquinol to phylloquinol.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 41 family. O-GlcNAc transferase subfamily.
Belongs to the brassicaceae elicitor peptide family.
Mannosyltransferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. POR subfamily.
Phototransformation of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide).
Involved in unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis. Catalyzes the dehydration of short chain beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs and long chain saturated and unsaturated beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase delta/II small subunit family.
Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.
Belongs to the CSN7/EIF3M family. CSN7 subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL28 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase V0D/AC39 subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase family.
Belongs to the Integrator subunit 3 family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S11 family.
Inhibited by o-phenanthroline and 8-hydroxyquinoline.
Nonheme diiron monooxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophylls. Specific for beta-ring hydroxylations of beta-carotene. Produces beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin. Uses ferredoxin as an electron donor.
The histidine box domains may contain the active site and/or be involved in iron binding.
Up-regulated during chloroplast to chromoplast transition stage.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL43 family.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. MtnA subfamily.
Catalyzes the interconversion of methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) into methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P).
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS7 family.
By virus infection. Up-regulated during the later stages of ripening.
Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of polyamine biosynthesis that converts ornithine into putrescine, which is the precursor for the polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Polyamines are essential for cell proliferation and are implicated in cellular processes, ranging from DNA replication to apoptosis.
Homodimer. Only the dimer is catalytically active, as the active sites are constructed of residues from both monomers.
Inhibited by antizyme (AZ) in response to polyamine levels. AZ inhibits the assembly of the functional homodimer by binding to ODC monomers and targeting them for ubiquitin-independent proteolytic destruction by the 26S proteasome.
Belongs to the DODA-type extradiol aromatic ring-opening dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the fatty acyl-CoA reductase family.
Catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols.
Belongs to the diacylglycerol acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. KIN-12 subfamily.
Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM61 family.
Catalyzes the 2-thiolation of uridine at the wobble position (U34) of mitochondrial tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Required for the formation of 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine (tm5s2U) of mitochondrial tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu), and tRNA(Gln) at the wobble position. ATP is required to activate the C2 atom of the wobble base.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family.
Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Can be acetylated to form H3K9ac, H3K14ac, H3K18ac and H3K23ac. H3K9ac could compete with H3K9me and prevent gene silencing. H3K9ac is restricted to euchromatin (By similarity).
Can be phosphorylated to form H3S10ph, H3T11ph and H3S28ph.
Methylated to form mainly H3K4me, H3K9me, H3K18me, H3K23me, H3K27me and H3K36me. H3K4me1/2/3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3 and H3K36me1/2/3 are typical marks for euchromatin, whereas heterochromatic chromocenters are enriched in H3K9me1/2 and H3K27me1/2. H2BK143ub1 is probably prerequisite for H3K4me (By similarity).
To ensure consistency between histone entries, we follow the 'Brno' nomenclature for histone modifications, with positions referring to those used in the literature for the 'closest' model organism. Due to slight variations in histone sequences between organisms and to the presence of initiator methionine in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot sequences, the actual positions of modified amino acids in the sequence generally differ. In this entry the following conventions are used: H3K4me = methylated Lys-5; H3K9ac = acetylated Lys-10; H3K9me = methylated Lys-10; H3S10ph = phosphorylated Ser-11; H3T11ph = phosphorylated Thr-12; H3K14ac = acetylated Lys-15; H3K18ac = acetylated Lys-19; H3K18me = methylated Lys-19; H3K23ac = acetylated Lys-24; H3K23me = methylated Lys-24; H3K27me = methylated Lys-28; H3S28ph = phosphorylated Ser-29; H3K36me = methylated Lys-37.
Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes. Constitutes the predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA synthesis. Deposited at sites of nucleosomal displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. AIG1/Toc34/Toc159-like paraseptin GTPase family. TOC159 subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. YchF/OLA1 subfamily.
Hydrolyzes ATP, and can also hydrolyze GTP with lower efficiency. Has lower affinity for GTP.
May help in the organization of the PsaL subunit.
Belongs to the clathrin heavy chain family.
May be involved in calcium-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Probably serves as a molecular bridge in ubiquitin E3 complexes. Participates in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of beta-catenin (CTNNB1).
Belongs to the CcmH/CycL/Ccl2/NrfF family.
Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.
The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine.
The glycine cleavage system is composed of four proteins: P, T, L and H.
Belongs to the helicase family. RecG subfamily.
Belongs to the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS17 family.
Belongs to the TFIIE alpha subunit family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PDPK1 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 1 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase G subunit family.
Catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family.
Phospholipid scramblase involved in autophagy. Cycles between the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS) and the cytoplasmic vesicle pool and supplies membrane for the growing autophagosome. Lipid scramblase activity plays a key role in preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly by distributing the phospholipids that arrive through ATG2 from the cytoplasmic to the luminal leaflet of the bilayer, thereby driving autophagosomal membrane expansion.
Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. Sedlin subfamily.
Belongs to the NADPH-dependent diflavin oxidoreductase NDOR1 family.
NADPH-dependent reductase which is a central component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Transfers electrons from NADPH via its FAD and FMN prosthetic groups to the [2Fe-2S] cluster of the anamorsin/DRE2 homolog, another key component of the CIA machinery. In turn, this reduced cluster provides electrons for assembly of cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster proteins.
Binds 1 thiamine pyrophosphate per subunit.
Controls the interaction of photosystem II (PSII) cores with the light-harvesting antenna.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. MasA/MtnC family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the aldolase class II family. MtnB subfamily.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase TrmH family.
Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetG is required for either the stability or assembly of the cytochrome b6-f complex.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. HEN1 family.
Belongs to the HIBADH-related family. 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase subfamily.
Involved in the regulation of the G1/S transition. Increases the DNA binding activity of E2F proteins after heterodimerization.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNA1 subfamily.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 3 family.
Belongs to the shaker potassium channel beta subunit family.
Phosphorylates Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 at position 2 to form Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6 (InsP6 or phytate).
The EXKPK motif is conserved in inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinases of both family 1 and 2.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC34/RPC39 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the plant acyltransferase family.
Expressed in fruit 20 days post anthesis (PubMed:15918882). Confined to the placenta of green fruits at high levels (PubMed:35858994). Barely detectable in the pericarp and seeds as well as in the placenta of mature fruits (PubMed:35858994).
Involved in the biosynthesis of capsaicinoids and capsinoids natural products, pungent alkaloids synthesized from phenylpropanoid intermediates in the placental tissue of chili pepper fruit acting as repellant on herbivorous mammals and confering spiciness to hot peppers (PubMed:15918882, PubMed:25884984, PubMed:36296471). Catalyzes the biosynthesis of capsaicin, a pungent component, and of capsiate, a non-pungent component, from vanillylamine and vanillyl alcohol, respectively (Ref.6, PubMed:35858994). Can transfer an acyl from (6E)-8-methylnon-6-enoyl-CoA to vanillylamine forming capsaicin and CoA (PubMed:15918882, PubMed:25884984, PubMed:36296471).
Plants silencing PUN1 exhibit low levels of caspaicinoids in mature fruits compared to wild type plants.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.
This promotes the activity of RNA polymerase II.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the DHPS family.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCA family. CPR flippase (TC 3.A.1.211) subfamily.
Belongs to the TDD superfamily. DTWD2 family.
Belongs to the 2S seed storage albumins family.
Transfers mannose from GDP-mannose to dolichol monophosphate to form dolichol phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) which is the mannosyl donor in pathways leading to N-glycosylation, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchoring, and O-mannosylation of proteins.
Component of the coenzyme Q biosynthetic pathway. May play a role in organizing a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex required for coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Required for steady-state levels of other COQ polypeptides.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine synthase family.
Belongs to the enhancer of polycomb family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC9 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily.
Confined to the placenta of green fruits at high levels (PubMed:35858994). Barely detectable in the pericarp and seeds as well as in the placenta of mature fruits (PubMed:35858994).
Involved in the biosynthesis of capsaicinoids natural products, pungent alkaloids synthesized from phenylpropanoid intermediates in the placental tissue of chili pepper fruit acting as repellant on herbivorous mammals and confering spiciness to hot peppers (PubMed:35858994). Can transfer an amine from vanillylamine to pyruvate forming vanillin and L-alanine (By similarity).
Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetL is important for photoautotrophic growth as well as for electron transfer efficiency and stability of the cytochrome b6-f complex.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. Class II DHOase subfamily.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. The coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily.
The heme is bound between the two transmembrane subunits.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family.
Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and nucleotide specificity is provided by the beta subunit.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. SPB1 subfamily.
Probable methyltransferase involved in the maturation of rRNA and in the biogenesis of ribosomal subunits.
Hexamer; each subunit is composed of an acidic and a basic chain derived from a single precursor and linked by a disulfide bond.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The SRP complex interacts with the signal sequence in nascent secretory and membrane proteins and directs them to the membrane of the ER.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 11 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB7 subunit family.
Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class B subfamily.
Belongs to the RBOH (TC 5.B.1.3) family.
Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. Cation/proton exchanger (CAX) subfamily.
Vacuolar cation/proton exchanger (CAX). Translocates Ca(2+) and other metal ions into vacuoles using the proton gradient formed by H(+)-ATPase and H(+)-pyrophosphatase.
Functions in brassinosteroid signaling. May function as transcriptional repressor.
By drought, cold, high salt, wounding and ethylene. Not induced by abscisic acid.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase required for aquaporin levels regulation.
The RING-type zinc finger domain is required for E3 ligase activity.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Catalyzes the formation of sulfite from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) using thioredoxin as an electron donor.
May play a role in photosystem I and II biogenesis.
Originally thought to be a component of PSII; based on experiments in Synechocystis, N.tabacum and barley, and its absence from PSII in T.elongatus and T.vulcanus, this is probably not true.
Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate. The enzyme from chilling-resistant plants discriminates against non-fluid palmitic acid and selects oleic acid whereas the enzyme from sensitive plants accepts both fatty acids.
Belongs to the complex I 23 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Hydantoinase/dihydropyrimidinase family.
Carbamylation allows a single lysine to coordinate two divalent metal cations.
Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo10/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the VEFS (VRN2-EMF2-FIS2-SU(Z)12) family.
Belongs to the polypeptide deformylase family.
Removes the formyl group from the N-terminal Met of newly synthesized proteins.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. MAK3 subfamily.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIL4 subfamily.
Core component of at least two putative endosomal tethering complexes, the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex and the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complex.
Involved in regulating membrane fusion at the tonoplast and the prevacuolar compartment.
Belongs to the GTP-binding SRP family. SRP54 subfamily.
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis via the modulation of cell polarity development.
Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35.5) family.
Magnesium transporter that may mediate the influx of magnesium.
Essential component of the TIM23 complex, a complex that mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. INTS11 subfamily.
Belongs to the archaeal rpoM/eukaryotic RPA12/RPB9/RPC11 RNA polymerase family.
Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate.
Plays a role in the recruitment of the exosome to pre-rRNA to mediate the 3'-5' end processing of the 5.8S rRNA.
Belongs to the SRP receptor beta subunit family.
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit.
Part of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Contacts protein S5. The interaction surface between S4 and S5 is involved in control of translational fidelity.
With S5 and S12 plays an important role in translational accuracy.
Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the cytochrome b family. PetD subfamily.
Exerts its effect at some terminal stage of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis, probably by being involved in the insertion of the copper B into subunit I.
Belongs to the polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase family.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family. RpoC1 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family.
Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway.
Belongs to the histidinol dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family. CrtISO subfamily.
Associated with the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II.
Belongs to the transcriptional coactivator PC4 family.
Catalytic subunit of pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate, the first committing step of glycolysis. Uses inorganic phosphate (PPi) as phosphoryl donor instead of ATP like common ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases (ATP-PFKs), which renders the reaction reversible, and can thus function both in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Belongs to the aerobic coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase family.
Belongs to the SSU72 phosphatase family.
Protein phosphatase that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Plays a role in RNA processing and termination.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the dsDNA virus mRNA guanylyltransferase family.
Catalyzes the reaction of cyanate with bicarbonate to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity of complex I.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS16 family.
Belongs to the ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase alpha subunit family.
Heterodimer of subunit A (variable subunit) and subunit B (catalytic subunit). Heterodimeric FTR forms a complex with ferredoxin and thioredoxin.
Variable subunit of the ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR), which catalyzes the two-electron reduction of thioredoxins by the electrons provided by reduced ferredoxin.
Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. UDP-galactose:UMP antiporter (TC 2.A.7.11) subfamily.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.