Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL54 family.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins.
Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2).
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Glutarylation at Lys-92 (H4K91glu) destabilizes nucleosomes by promoting dissociation of the H2A-H2B dimers from nucleosomes.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
Belongs to the fluoride channel Fluc/FEX (TC 1.A.43) family.
Fluoride channel required for the rapid expulsion of cytoplasmic fluoride.
Highly sensible to fluoride. Growth is inhibited at a 200-fold lower fluoride concentration than in the wild-type.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.
The DHHC domain is required for palmitoyltransferase activity.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 43 family.
RNA-binding nucleolar protein required for pre-rRNA processing. Involved in production of 18S rRNA and assembly of small ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL53 family.
Binds ubiquitin and polyubiquitinated proteins.
Probable aspartic protease. May be involved in the regulation of exocytosis. Acts as a linker between the 19S proteasome and polyubiquitinated proteins via UBA domain interactions with ubiquitin for their subsequent degradation. Required for S-phase checkpoint control.
Belongs to the ferroportin (FP) (TC 2.A.100) family. SLC40A subfamily.
Lacks conserved residue(s) required for the propagation of feature annotation.
May be involved in iron transport and iron homeostasis.
Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. CPSF2/YSH1 subfamily.
Component of the cleavage factor I (CF I) involved in pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Plays a role in the regulation of membrane potential. Could mediate a proton leak (By similarity).
Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 10 subunits. The complex is composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b (cob), cytochrome c1 (cyt-1) and Rieske protein (fes-1), 2 core protein subunits pep and ucr-1, and 5 low-molecular weight protein subunits qcr6, qcr7, qcr8, qcr9 and probably NCU16844/qcr10 (PubMed:226365, PubMed:6273583, PubMed:18251112, PubMed:6302289). The complex exists as an obligatory dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), resulting in different assemblies (supercomplexes SCI(1)III(2), SCIII(2)IV(1) and SCIII(2)IV(2) as well as higher order I(x)III(y)IV(z) megacomplexes) (PubMed:17873079, PubMed:19239619).
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c.
Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family. VIP1 subfamily.
Bifunctional inositol kinase that acts in concert with the IP6K kinases to synthesize the diphosphate group-containing inositol pyrophosphates diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate, PP-InsP5, and bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate, (PP)2-InsP4. PP-InsP5 and (PP)2-InsP4, also respectively called InsP7 and InsP8, may regulate a variety of cellular processes, including apoptosis, vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics, and exocytosis. Phosphorylates inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6).
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family. DEGS subfamily.
Delta(4)-fatty-acid desaturase which introduces a double bond at the 4-position in the long-chain base (LCB) of ceramides.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL58 family.
Belongs to the squalene monooxygenase family.
Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene, and is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family. SWF1 subfamily.
Palmitoyltransferase that targets several endosomal SNAREs. Palmitoylates the SNAREs at cysteine residues close to the cytoplasmic end of their transmembrane domain. May have a role in the cellular quality control of transmembrane domain-containing proteins (By similarity).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL1 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU). Mature N.crassa ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S small subunit contains 1 molecule of ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and at least 32 different proteins. The large 60S subunit contains 3 rRNA molecules (26S, 5.8S and 5S rRNA) and at least 42 different proteins (Probable). uL1 forms part of the L1 stalk (By similarity).
Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. uL1 forms part of the L1 stalk, a mobile element that plays a role in evacuating the exit-site tRNA.
Belongs to the nonaspanin (TM9SF) (TC 9.A.2) family.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
Component of the microsomal membrane bound fatty acid elongation system, which produces the 26-carbon very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) from palmitate. Catalyzes the reduction of the 3-ketoacyl-CoA intermediate that is formed in each cycle of fatty acid elongation. VLCFAs serve as precursors for ceramide and sphingolipids.
Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP1 subfamily.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity).
Belongs to the tellurite-resistance/dicarboxylate transporter (TDT) family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 4 family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.
Golgi membrane protein involved in vesicular trafficking.
Belongs to the Clp1 family. NOL9/GRC3 subfamily.
Polynucleotide 5'-kinase involved in rRNA processing.
Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. UBA3 subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of the dimeric E1 enzyme, which activates NEDD8.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily.
Belongs to the TFIIF alpha subunit family.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCB family. Heavy Metal importer (TC 3.A.1.210) subfamily.
Performs an essential function in the generation of cytoplasmic iron-sulfur proteins by mediating the ATP-dependent export of Fe/S cluster precursors synthesized by egt-3 and other mitochondrial proteins (By similarity). Hydrolyzes ATP (By similarity). Binds glutathione and may function by transporting a glutathione-conjugated iron-sulfur compound (By similarity).
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.
Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing as a core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (By similarity).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL27 family.
Belongs to the adenosylhomocysteinase family.
Component of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC), a dynamic component of the ribosomal exit tunnel, protecting the emerging polypeptides from interaction with other cytoplasmic proteins to ensure appropriate nascent protein targeting. The NAC complex also promotes mitochondrial protein import by enhancing productive ribosome interactions with the outer mitochondrial membrane and blocks the inappropriate interaction of ribosomes translating non-secretory nascent polypeptides with translocation sites in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Npc-2/egd1 may act as a transcription factor that exert a negative effect on the expression of several genes that are transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
Part of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC), consisting of npc-1/egd2 and npc-2/egd1. NAC associates with ribosomes via npc-2/egd1 (By similarity).
The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S proteasome core and two 19S regulatory subunits. The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits. The catalytic chamber with the active sites is on the inside of the barrel.
Belongs to the velvet family. VeA subfamily.
Component of the heterotrimeric velvet complex composed of lae-1, ve-1 and vel-2; Ve-1 acting as a bridging protein between lae-1 and vel-2 (By similarity).
Component of the velvet transcription factor complex that controls sexual/asexual developmental ratio in response to light, promoting sexual development in the darkness while stimulating asexual sporulation under illumination (PubMed:17631397). The velvet complex hat acts as a global regulator for secondary metabolite gene expression (By similarity).
Constitutively expressed during asexual and sexual development and induced by red light, indicating a light-dependent regulation (PubMed:17631397).
Results in increased conidiation associated with stunted aerial hyphae (PubMed:17631397).
The C-terminal PEST domain is a region rich in proline, glutamic acid, serine and threonine residues that is required for the light-dependent regulation of development and secondary metabolism (By similarity).
Belongs to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase family.
Involved in ds DNA break repair. Has a role in non-homologous integration (NHI) pathways where it is required in the final step of non-homologous end-joining.
Catalyzes both the ATP-dependent activation of exogenously supplied lipoate to lipoyl-AMP and the transfer of the activated lipoyl onto the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes.
Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.
Belongs to the peptidase M28 family. M28B subfamily.
Belongs to the dynactin subunits 5/6 family. Dynactin subunit 6 subfamily.
Part of the dynactin complex that activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily.
Demethylates proteins that have been reversibly carboxymethylated. Demethylates the phosphatase PP2A catalytic subunit (By similarity).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL37 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B family.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 10 subunits. The complex is composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b (cob), cytochrome c1 (cyt-1) and Rieske protein (fes-1), 2 core protein subunits pep and ucr-1, and 5 low-molecular weight protein subunits qcr6, qcr7, qcr8, qcr9 and probably NCU16844/qcr10 (PubMed:226365, PubMed:6273583, PubMed:6302289). The complex exists as an obligatory dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), resulting in different assemblies (supercomplexes SCI(1)III(2), SCIII(2)IV(1) and SCIII(2)IV(2) as well as higher order I(x)III(y)IV(z) megacomplexes) (PubMed:17873079, PubMed:19239619).
Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit (SSU). Mature N.crassa ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S small subunit contains 1 molecule of ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and at least 32 different proteins. The large 60S subunit contains 3 rRNA molecules (26S, 5.8S and 5S rRNA) and at least 42 different proteins.
Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity).
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.
Ubiquitin is encoded by 3 different genes. Crp-79 is synthesized as a polyprotein with one copy of ubiquitin fused to ribosomal protein eL40. Crp-6/ubi-3 is a polyprotein with one copy of ubiquitin fused to ribosomal protein eS31. Ubi is a polyprotein containing 4 exact head to tail repeats of ubiquitin.
Functions as component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complexes SAGA, SALSA and ADA. SAGA is involved in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcriptional regulation.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS46 family.
Component of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (mt-SSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 22 family.
Belongs to the chromate ion transporter (CHR) (TC 2.A.51) family.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family. PFA3 subfamily.
Palmitoyltransferase specific for vac8. Palmitoylates vac8 at one or more of its N-terminal cysteine residues, which is required for its proper membrane localization (By similarity).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS7 family.
Interacts with the flavoprotein subunit within the SDH catalytic dimer.
Plays an essential role in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme complex (also referred to as respiratory complex II) that is a component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and which couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) to ubiquinol. Required for flavinylation (covalent attachment of FAD) of the flavoprotein subunit of the SDH catalytic dimer.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin C subfamily.
Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family.
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. FEN1 subfamily.
Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. They probably participate in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. May bind an additional third magnesium ion after substrate binding.
Interacts with PCNA. Three molecules of dnr-8/fen1 bind to one PCNA trimer with each molecule binding to one PCNA monomer. PCNA stimulates the nuclease activity without altering cleavage specificity.
Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation upon DNA damage induces relocalization to the nuclear plasma.
Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-terminated flap. Acts as a genome stabilization factor that prevents flaps from equilibrating into structures that lead to duplications and deletions. Also possesses 5'-3' exonuclease activity on nicked or gapped double-stranded DNA, and exhibits RNase H activity. Also involved in replication and repair of rDNA and in repairing mitochondrial DNA.
Expression is induced in the presence of quinic acid (PubMed:6458044). The quinic acid (qa) gene cluster is subject to two levels of gene control: a primary system which responds to the presence of quinic acid via the qa-1S repressor protein that blocks the qa-1F activator, and a secondary system which represses transcription of qa genes in the presence of a preferred carbon source such as glucose (PubMed:6458044, PubMed:12477937, PubMed:17597928, PubMed:19236936).
Impairs growth on quinic acid as a sole carbon source and leads to very low inducible levels of qa-2 and qa-3 enzyme activities.
MFS-type transporter; part of the qa gene cluster that mediates the catabolism of quinic acid (QA) and as such, allows the use of QA as a sole carbon source (PubMed:2525625, PubMed:6458044). Involved in the upatke of QA (PubMed:1533844). The qa cluster encodes 3 inducible enymes (qa-2, qa-3 and qa-4) catalyzing the first three reactions in the catabolism of quinic acid to protocatechuic acid (also known as 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) (Probable).
Adds the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation. Transfers glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) onto the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.
Belongs to the ALG6/ALG8 glucosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the actin family. ARP4 subfamily.
Chromatin interaction component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. The NuA4 complex is also involved in DNA repair. Is required for NuA4 complex integrity. Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Component of the INO80 complex which remodels chromatin by shifting nucleosomes and is involved in DNA repair (By similarity).
Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex, of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, and of the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex.
The conversion to 3-oxoalanine (also known as C-formylglycine, FGly), of a serine or cysteine residue in prokaryotes and of a cysteine residue in eukaryotes, is critical for catalytic activity.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.
The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S proteasome core and two 19S regulatory subunits.
Microtubule binding protein that promotes the stabilization of dynamic microtubules. Required for mitotic spindle formation (By similarity).
Belongs to the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta subunit family. Type 2 subfamily.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 7 (cellulase C) family.
Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class I subfamily.
Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 10 (cellulase F) family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 76 family.
Belongs to the helicase family. RAD25/XPB subfamily.
Belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family.
Heterohexamer; composed of 3 copies of tim8 and 3 copies of tim13, named soluble 70 kDa complex. Associates with the TIM22 complex, whose core is composed of tim22 and tim54. Interacts with the transmembrane regions of multi-pass transmembrane proteins in transit.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of some multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The tim8-tim13 complex is non essential and only mediates the import of few proteins, while the predominant tim9-tim10 70 kDa complex is crucial and mediates the import of much more proteins.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. However, during the transit of tim8 from cytoplasm into mitochondrion, the Cys residues probably coordinate zinc, thereby preventing folding and allowing its transfer across mitochondrial outer membrane (By similarity).
Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family.
Belongs to the major royal jelly protein family.
Secreted metalloproteinase that allows assimilation of proteinaceous substrates. Shows high activities on basic nuclear substrates such as histone and protamine.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UEV subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Aurora subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.
Catalyzes the synthesis of activated sulfate.
Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.
Octamer of two non-identical subunits IDH1 and IDH2.
Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Catalyzes the removal of a penultimate prolyl residue from the N-termini of peptides.
Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IV subfamily.
Autophagy-specific protein that functions in response to autophagy-inducing signals as a scaffold to recruit other ATG proteins to organize pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) formation. Modulates the timing and magnitude of the autophagy response, such as the size of the sequestering vesicles. Plays particularly a role in pexophagy and nucleophagy (By similarity).
Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and may therefore play an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family.
Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the nucleoside 5'-monophosphates deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) and deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP).
Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.
The active site is a redox-active disulfide bond.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two-step reaction: tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form Tyr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr). Has both an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity and is involved in the splicing of group I introns. It acts in intron splicing by stabilizing the catalytically active structure of the intron.
Component of the PEX2-PEX10-PEX12 retrotranslocation channel, composed of PEX2, PEX10 and PEX12.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
Expected to bind 2 Fe(2+) ions per subunit.
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase that utilizes O(2) and electrons from reduced cytochrome b5 to introduce the first double bond into saturated fatty acyl-CoA substrates.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.
Involved in determination of the onset of polarized growth and morphogenesis. Plays a role in the regulation of branching in hyphae and spore formation.
Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 81 family.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AB hydrolase 4 family.
Belongs to the SSU72 phosphatase family.
Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF) complex, which plays a key role in polyadenylation-dependent pre-mRNA 3'-end formation and cooperates with cleavage factors including the CFIA complex and NAB4/CFIB. Ssu-72 is required for 3'-end formation of snoRNAs (By similarity).
Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF) complex.
Processively dephosphorylates Ser-5 of the heptad repeats YSPTSPS in the C-terminal domain of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb-1).
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 17 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. BCS1 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL29 family.
Adaptins are components of the adaptor complexes which link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. Clathrin-associated protein complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunit family.
Catalyzes the second and fifth step in the 'de novo' purine biosynthesis pathway; contains phosphoribosylamine--glycine ligase (GARS) and phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase (AIRS) activities.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the AIR synthase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the GARS family.
Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.
This enzyme scavenges exogenous and endogenous cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine for UMP synthesis.
Sorting nexin, involved in the separation or division of vacuoles throughout the entire life cycle of the cells. Involved in retrieval of late-Golgi SNAREs from post-Golgi endosomes to the trans-Golgi network, for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), mitophagy, and pexophagy (By similarity).
The PX domain binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate which is necessary for peripheral membrane localization to the perivacuolar punctate structures.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.
Belongs to the Necrosis inducing protein (NPP1) family.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis. The main function of this enzyme is to provide reducing power (NADPH) and pentose phosphates for fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis.
Component of a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex, composed of at least COQ3, COQ4, COQ5, COQ6, COQ7 and COQ9.
FAD-dependent monooxygenase required for the C5-ring hydroxylation during ubiquinone biosynthesis. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 3-polyprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The electrons required for the hydroxylation reaction may be funneled indirectly from NADPH via a ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase system to COQ6.
Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
In eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 16 family.
Belongs to the copper/topaquinone oxidase family.
Topaquinone (TPQ) is generated by copper-dependent autoxidation of a specific tyrosyl residue.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-5 (PP-T) subfamily.
Belongs to the sphingosine N-acyltransferase family.
Component of LSm protein complexes, which are involved in RNA processing and may function in a chaperone-like manner, facilitating the efficient association of RNA processing factors with their substrates. Component of the cytoplasmic LSM1-LSM7 complex, which is thought to be involved in mRNA degradation by activating the decapping step in the 5'-to-3' mRNA decay pathway. Component of the nuclear LSM2-LSM8 complex, which is involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs. LSM2-LSM8 associates with multiple snRNP complexes containing the U6 snRNA (U4/U6 di-snRNP, spliceosomal U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, and free U6 snRNP). It binds directly to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA and plays a role in the biogenesis and stability of the U6 snRNP and U4/U6 snRNP complexes. LSM2-LSM8 probably also is involved degradation of nuclear pre-mRNA by targeting them for decapping, and in processing of pre-tRNAs, pre-rRNAs and U3 snoRNA (By similarity).
Component of the heptameric LSM1-LSM7 complex, which consists of snr-1/lsm1, snr-2/lsm2, snr-3/lsm3, snr-4/lsm4, snr-5/lsm5, snr-6/lsm6 and snr-7/lsm7. Component of the heptameric LSM2-LSM8 complex, which consists of snr-2/lsm2, snr-3/lsm3, snr-4/lsm4, snr-5/lsm5, snr-6/lsm6, snr-7/lsm7 and snr-8/lsm8. The LSm subunits form a seven-membered ring structure with a doughnut shape (By similarity).
Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS47 subfamily.
Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane (Probable). mS47 has enzymatic activity in vitro, and is able to catalyze the specific hydrolysis of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (HIBYL-CoA). However, because the turnover rate of mS47 is only a fraction of that of the homologous mammalian enzyme, the physiological function of this activity remains unclear (By similarity).
Component of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (mt-SSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. mS47 forms a protuberance of the N.crassa mitoribosome and retains a solvent-exposed cavity liekly capable of accommodating a substrate, in accordance with it being an active enzyme as well as an integral constituent of the mitoribosome.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 11 family.
Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S2 family.
Secreted metalloproteinase that allows assimilation of proteinaceous substrates.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Clock-regulated. The peak of GAPDH activity lags several hours behind the peak in mRNA accumulation in the late night.
Belongs to the peptidase M16 family. UQCRC2/QCR2 subfamily.
Does not seem to have protease activity as it lacks the zinc-binding site.
Mutants display reduced growth, are female sterile and lack active complex III.
Component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
The RNA gate region regulates mRNA cap recognition to prevent promiscuous mRNA-binding before assembly of eif3d into the full eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
mRNA cap-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. In the eIF-3 complex, eif3d specifically recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine cap of a subset of mRNAs.
RNA-binding protein involved in post-transcriptional regulation through transcript degradation.
Involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Regulatory factor in the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway that controls the turnover of proteasome substrates. Targets proteasomes to the nucleus and facilitates the degradation of nuclear proteins (By similarity).
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK3 subfamily.
Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon GTP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent GTP hydrolysis.
Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates. Has GTP:AMP phosphotransferase and ITP:AMP phosphotransferase activities.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. mRNA cap 0 methyltransferase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the dsDNA virus mRNA guanylyltransferase family.
Responsible for methylating the 5'-cap structure of mRNAs.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Arsenite methyltransferase family.
Component of the SWR1 chromatin-remodeling complex and of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex.
Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. The NuA4 complex is also involved in DNA repair (By similarity).
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL31 family. Highly divergent.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. bL31m bridges the mt-LSU central protuberance and the mt-SSU head.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family.
Heterodimer with ALG14 to form a functional enzyme.
Involved in protein N-glycosylation. Essential for the second step of the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide pathway.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Kinesin subfamily.
Composed of three structural domains: a large globular N-terminal domain which is responsible for the motor activity of kinesin (it hydrolyzes ATP and binds microtubule), a central alpha-helical coiled coil domain that mediates the heavy chain dimerization; and a small globular C-terminal domain which interacts with other proteins (such as the kinesin light chains), vesicles and membranous organelles.
Kinesin is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein that may play a role in organelle transport. Its motor activity is directed toward the microtubule's plus end.
Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.
May be involved in a process influencing telomere capping.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IID subfamily.
Expression levels may be influenced by circadian rhythms.
Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family.
Catalyzes the prenylation of para-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) with an all-trans polyprenyl group. Mediates the second step in the final reaction sequence of coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, which is the condensation of the polyisoprenoid side chain with PHB, generating the first membrane-bound Q intermediate.
Belongs to the XRCC4-XLF family. XLF subfamily.
Belongs to the PheA/TfdB FAD monooxygenase family.
Has a role in mitochondrial fission. Has a role in outer membrane fission but not matrix separation (By similarity).
The C-terminus is required for mitochondrial localization, while the N-terminus is necessary for mitochondrial fission.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA2 subunit family.
Complex I is composed of about 40 different subunits.
Belongs to the NADH dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase 116 kDa subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments (By similarity).
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex (components A to H) attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex (components: a, c, c', c'', d, e, f and VOA1).
3'-5' RNA exonuclease that trims the 3' end of oligo(U) tracts of the pre-U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecule, leading to the formation of a U6 snRNA 3' end-terminated with a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate (By similarity). Participates in the U6 snRNA 3' end processing that prevents U6 snRNA degradation (By similarity).
Belongs to the 2H phosphoesterase superfamily. USB1 family.
Probable acetyltransferase, which acetylates the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol during biosynthesis of GPI-anchor.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily.
Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex composed of at least BUD32, CGI121, GON7, KAE1 and PCC1; the whole complex dimerizes.
Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex that is required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. The complex is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. GON7 likely plays a supporting role to the catalytic subunit KAE1 in the complex. The EKC/KEOPS complex also promotes both telomere uncapping and telomere elongation. The complex is required for efficient recruitment of transcriptional coactivators.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the NAGSA dehydrogenase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the acetylglutamate kinase family.
The protein precursor is cleaved into the two biologically active enzymes, the kinase and the reductase.
Belongs to the EF-1-beta/EF-1-delta family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family.
Belongs to the NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the flavodoxin family.
This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5. Involved in ergosterol biosynthesis.
A recent genetics report associated srdA and its cluster with the biosynthesis of furanocoumarin neurosporin A, a metabolite produced by N.crassa for chemoresistance against predation by arthropod fungivores (PubMed:28485098). However, based on the gene cluster organization and predicted gene functions, this cluster is unlikely to be involved in neurosporin A biosynthesis, but instead produces compounds similar to pyriculol (PubMed:30908040).
Expression is up-regulated during sexual development (PubMed:19277664). Expression is also up-regulated during confrontation with the arthropod fungivore Drosophila melanogaster (PubMed:28485098).
Short-chain dehydrogenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of sordarial, a salicylic aldehyde structurally related to the phytotoxin pyriculol (PubMed:19277664, PubMed:28485098, PubMed:30908040). The most interesting aspect of this pathway is formation of an aromatic product from the highly reducing polyketide synthase srdA (PubMed:30908040). SrdA synthesizes a reduced polyketide chain from one molecule of acetyl-CoA and five molecules of malonyl-CoA (PubMed:30908040). The polyketide chain is then reductively released as an aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). The oxidoreductases srdC, srdD and srdE then oxidize one of the hydroxy groups to facilitate the intramolecular aldol condensation, followed by dehydration to yield a salicylic aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). This aldehyde can undergo facile reduction by endogenous reductases to yield the alcohol 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-pent-1,3-dienylbenzene (PubMed:30908040). The flavin-dependent srdI counteract against the propensity of the aldehydes to be reduced under physiological conditions and is responsible for reoxidizing 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-pent-1,3-dienylbenzene back to the salicylic aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). This salicylic aldehyde is then selectively epoxidized by the cupin-domain-containing oxidoreductase srdB to yield the epoxide, which can be hydrolyzed stereoselectively by the hydrolase srdG to give the final product sordarial (PubMed:30908040).
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family.
Belongs to the cysteine dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. SerB family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS23 family.
Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL6 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. uL24m forms the wall of the exit tunnel.
Binds 1 Mg(2+) ion per subunit. Can also utilize other divalent metal cations, such as Ca(2+), Mn(2+) and Co(2+).
Binds 1 thiamine pyrophosphate per subunit.
Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.
Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA.
Adds the first Dol-P-Man derived mannose in an alpha-1,3 linkage to Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.
Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Involved in ribosome biosynthesis (By similarity).
Belongs to the carbohydrate esterase 1 (CE1) family. Feruloyl esterase type B subfamily.
Involved in degradation of plant cell walls. Hydrolyzes of the feruloyl-arabinose ester bond in arabinoxylans as well as the feruloyl-galactose and feruloyl-arabinose ester bonds in pectin (By similarity).
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 61 family.
ATP-binding RNA helicase involved in the biogenesis of 60S ribosomal subunits and is required for the normal formation of 25S and 5.8S rRNAs.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX56/DBP9 subfamily.
The Q motif is unique to and characteristic of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases and controls ATP binding and hydrolysis.
Belongs to the CWC16 family. YJU2 subfamily.
Component of the spliceosome. Present in the activated B complex, the catalytically activated B* complex which catalyzes the branching, the catalytic step 1 C complex catalyzing the exon ligation, and the postcatalytic P complex containing the ligated exons (mRNA) and the excised lariat intron.
Part of the spliceosome which catalyzes two sequential transesterification reactions, first the excision of the non-coding intron from pre-mRNA and then the ligation of the coding exons to form the mature mRNA. Plays a role in stabilizing the structure of the spliceosome catalytic core and docking of the branch helix into the active site, producing 5'-exon and lariat intron-3'-intermediates.
Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity.
Central component of the receptor complex responsible for the recognition and translocation of cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins. Together with tom20 functions as the transit peptide receptor at the surface of the mitochondrion outer membrane and facilitates the movement of preproteins into the translocation pore. Docks tom20 and tom70 for interaction with the general TOM40 import pore (GIP) complex. May regulate the TOM machinery organization, stability and channel gating (By similarity).
Forms part of the preprotein translocase complex of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM complex) which consists of at least 8 different proteins (tom5, tom6, tom7, tom20, tom22, tom37, tom40 and tom70). Interacts with tom20 and tom70 (By similarity).
Its cytoplasmic domain associates with the cytoplasmic domains of tom20 and tom70. Its intermembrane space domain provides a trans binding site for presequences and the single membrane anchor is required for a stable interaction between the GIP complex proteins (By similarity).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. BUD32 family.
Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex that is required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. The complex is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. BUD32 has ATPase activity in the context of the EKC/KEOPS complex and likely plays a supporting role to the catalytic subunit KAE1. The EKC/KEOPS complex also promotes both telomere uncapping and telomere elongation. The complex is required for efficient recruitment of transcriptional coactivators.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. Mevalonate kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the RecA family. RAD51 subfamily.
Required both for recombination and for the repair of DNA damage caused by X-rays.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster. The cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalytic tRNA acetyltransferase subunit of the elongator complex, which is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine). In the elongator complex, acts as a tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase by mediating formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs.
Aminocarboxypropyltransferase that catalyzes the aminocarboxypropyl transfer on pseudouridine at position 1191 (Psi1191) in 18S rRNA. It constitutes the last step in biosynthesis of the hypermodified N1-methyl-N3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) pseudouridine (m1acp3-Psi) conserved in eukaryotic 18S rRNA.
Belongs to the TDD superfamily. TSR3 family.
Belongs to the membrane magnesium transporter (TC 1.A.67) family.
Induced by uric acid. Repressed by nitrogen.
Utilization of purines as secondary nitrogen sources, when primary sources are limiting.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. uL22m forms the wall of the exit tunnel.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL12 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family.
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit alpha family.
Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic12 family.
Component of the MICOS complex, a large protein complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that plays crucial roles in the maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane.
Component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B-like family.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 1 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. IF-2 subfamily.
One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Protects formylmethionyl-tRNA from spontaneous hydrolysis and promotes its binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits. Also involved in the hydrolysis of GTP during the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.
Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains.
Required for pre-18S rRNA processing. May bind microtubules (By similarity).
ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of misfolded, unassembled or oxidatively damaged polypeptides as well as certain short-lived regulatory proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. May also have a chaperone function in the assembly of inner membrane protein complexes. Participates in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression and in the maintenance of the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. Binds to mitochondrial DNA in a site-specific manner.
Homohexamer or homoheptamer. Organized in a ring with a central cavity.
Component of the pre-66S ribosomal particle.
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the proteasome inhibitor PI31 family.
Plays an important role in control of proteasome function. Inhibits the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates by the 20S proteasome. Also inhibits the activation of the proteasome by the proteasome regulatory proteins PA700 and PA28.
Forms part of the preprotein translocase complex of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM complex) which consists of at least 8 different proteins (tom5, tom6, tom7, tom20, tom22, tom37, tom40 and tom70).
Receptor that accelerates the import of all mitochondrial precursor proteins. Seems to act in conjunction with mom19.
Acts as an activator of both rRNA/tRNA and protein methyltransferases. Together with methyltransferase mtq2, required for the methylation of eRF1 on 'Gln-182'. Together with methyltransferase trm11, required for the formation of 2-methylguanosine at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. Together with methyltransferase bud23, required for the formation of a 7-methylguanine in 18S rRNA. Involved in biogenesis of both 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits (By similarity).
Heterodimer of mtq2-rmt-1/trm112, forming the eRF1 methyltransferase. Rmt-1/trm112 is necessary for the solubility and activity of the catalytic subunit mtq2. Interacts with trm11; required for full tRNA methyltransferase activity. Interacts with bud23; required for full rRNA methyltransferase activity (By similarity).
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 15 family.
Catalyzes the transfer of a dimethylallyl group onto the adenine at position 37.
Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family.
Required for the transport of neutral aliphatic and aromatic amino acids via the N system.
Belongs to the PHP hydrolase family. HisK subfamily.
Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family.
Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Component of the fork protection complex (FPC) consisting of tof-1 and csm-3.
Forms a fork protection complex (FPC) with tof-1 and which is required for chromosome segregation during meiosis and DNA damage repair. FPC coordinates leading and lagging strand synthesis and moves with the replication fork. FPC stabilizes replication forks in a configuration that is recognized by replication checkpoint sensors (By similarity).
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family.
Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.
Involved in cell wall synthesis where it is required for glycosylation. Involved in cell cycle progression through cell-size checkpoint (By similarity).
Grg-1 message levels were found to increase within minutes following the onset of glucose deprivation and rise 50 fold during the first 90 minutes of derepression.
Do not confuse Mt a-1 with MT A-1; these are two different proteins.
Mating type proteins are sequence specific DNA-binding proteins that act as master switches in yeast differentiation by controlling gene expression in a cell type-specific fashion. Transcriptional activator that induces the transcription of A-specific genes like mating factor ccg-4. Required for mating as an A-cell and for blocking of heterokaryon formation (vegetative incompatibility).
Only present in A-cells and in a/A diploid cells.
Belongs to the beta-class carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the nucleoporin Nup133 family.
RNA-binding nucleolar protein required for pre-rRNA processing. Involved in production of 18S rRNA and assembly of small ribosomal subunit (By similarity).
Belongs to the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase subfamily.
Belongs to the WD repeat MET30/SCONB/SCON-2 family.
Component of the SCF(scon-2) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in the regulation of sulfur metabolite repression, probably by mediating the inactivation or degradation of the metR transcription factor.
Component of the SCF(scon-2) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.
Expressed only under low-sulfur conditions and expression is under the control of the cys-3 transcriptional activator.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.
Belongs to the 40S cdc5-associated complex (or cwf complex), a spliceosome sub-complex reminiscent of a late-stage spliceosome.
Involved in mRNA splicing where it associates with cdc5 and the other cwf proteins as part of the spliceosome.
Mannosyltransferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers the first alpha-1,4-mannose to GlcN-acyl-PI during GPI precursor assembly. Required for cell wall integrity (By similarity).
The presence of a 'disulfide through disulfide knot' structurally defines this protein as a knottin.
Transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Associates with DNA double-strand breaks.
Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. ATM subfamily.
Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates histone H2A to form H2AS128ph (gamma-H2A) at sites of DNA damage, involved in the regulation of DNA damage response mechanism. Required for the control of telomere length and genome stability (By similarity).
Belongs to the prenylcysteine oxidase family.
Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU). Mature N.crassa ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S small subunit contains 1 molecule of ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and at least 32 different proteins. The large 60S subunit contains 3 rRNA molecules (26S, 5.8S and 5S rRNA) and at least 42 different proteins.
Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.
Component of the cytoplasmic LSM1-LSM7 complex which is involved in mRNA degradation.
Component of the heptameric LSM1-LSM7 complex that forms a seven-membered ring structure with a donut shape.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family.
Chaperone protein involved in the assembly of the mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I).
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 3 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA12 subunit family.
Belongs to the SOS response-associated peptidase family.
Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family.
Belongs to the MoaE family. MOCS2B subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of the molybdopterin synthase complex, a complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin. Acts by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms from thiocarboxylated MOCS2A into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group.
Heterotetramer; composed of 2 small (MOCS2A) and 2 large (MOCS2B) subunits.
Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates histone H2A to form H2AS128ph (gamma-H2A) at sites of DNA damage, involved in the regulation of DNA damage response mechanism. Required for the control of telomere length and genome stability.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved spliceosome assembly and in nuclear splicing. Catalyzes an ATP-dependent conformational change of U2 snRNP. Bridges U1 and U2 snRNPs and enables stable U2 snRNP association with intron RNA (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX46/PRP5 subfamily.
Aminopeptidase that preferentially cleaves di- and tripeptides. Also has low epoxide hydrolase activity (in vitro). Can hydrolyze the epoxide leukotriene LTA(4) but it forms preferentially 5,6-dihydroxy-7,9,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid rather than the cytokine leukotriene B(4) as the product compared to the homologous mammalian enzyme (in vitro).
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S5A family.
Polymerizes chitin, a structural polymer of the cell wall and septum, by transferring the sugar moiety of UDP-GlcNAc to the non-reducing end of the growing chitin polymer.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Key component of the proton channel; it may play a direct role in the translocation of protons across the membrane.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S11 family.
Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the actin family. ARP6 subfamily.
Component of the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex.
Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Involved in chromosome stability (By similarity).
Component of the PEX1-PEX6 AAA ATPase complex, a protein dislocase complex that mediates the ATP-dependent extraction of the PEX5 receptor from peroxisomal membranes, an essential step for PEX5 recycling. Specifically recognizes PEX5 monoubiquitinated at 'Cys-6', and pulls it out of the peroxisome lumen through the PEX2-PEX10-PEX12 retrotranslocation channel. Extraction by the PEX1-PEX6 AAA ATPase complex is accompanied by unfolding of the TPR repeats and release of bound cargo from PEX5.
Interacts with PEX1; forming the PEX1-PEX6 AAA ATPase complex, which is composed of a heterohexamer formed by a trimer of PEX1-PEX6 dimers.
Type IV dipeptidyl-peptidase which removes N-terminal dipeptides sequentially from polypeptides having unsubstituted N-termini provided that the penultimate residue is proline.
Belongs to the PAPS reductase family. CysH subfamily.
Abundant after 6-12 hours of growth. It is not significantly expressed after 24 hours, which is several hours after entering the stationary phase of growth.
Citrate synthase is found in nearly all cells capable of oxidative metabolism.
Component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner.
Component of the PAM complex, at least composed of hsp70-5/ssc1, grpe/mge1, tim44, un-4/pam16, pam17 and tim14/pam18.
Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Nonessential protein required for the fusion of transport vesicles derived from the endocytic pathway with the Golgi complex.
Belongs to the CTL (choline transporter-like) family.
Probably involved in transport through the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family.
Belongs to the purine-cytosine permease (2.A.39) family.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
Belongs to the DPH1/DPH2 family. DPH1 subfamily.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster per subunit. The cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalyzes the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2. Dph-1 and dph-2 transfer a 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl (ACP) group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to a histidine residue, the reaction is assisted by a reduction system comprising dph-3 and a NADH-dependent reductase, predominantly cbr-1.
Component of the 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase complex composed of dph-1, dph-2, dph-3 and a NADH-dependent reductase, predominantly cbr-1.
Functions as a component of the DNA-binding general transcription factor complex TFIID and the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complexes SAGA and SLIK. Binding of TFIID to a promoter (with or without TATA element) is the initial step in preinitiation complex (PIC) formation. TFIID plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression by RNA polymerase II through different activities such as transcription activator interaction, core promoter recognition and selectivity, TFIIA and TFIIB interaction, chromatin modification (histone acetylation), facilitation of DNA opening and initiation of transcription. SAGA is required for recruitment of the basal transcription machinery. SLIK is proposed to have partly overlapping functions with SAGA.
Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family.
Forms part of complex II containing four subunits: a flavoprotein (FP), an iron-sulfur protein (IP) and a cytochrome b composed of a large and a small subunit.
Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.
Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 1 family.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family.
Catalytic subunit of the slx1-slx4 structure-specific endonuclease that resolves DNA secondary structures generated during DNA repair and recombination. Has endonuclease activity towards branched DNA substrates, introducing single-strand cuts in duplex DNA close to junctions with ss-DNA.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. FRD/SDH subfamily.
Irreversibly catalyzes the reduction of fumarate to succinate.
Probable glucose transporter. Involved in sugar transport, carbon catabolite repression, and initiation of conidiophore development.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 37 family.
Hydrolyzes intracellular trehalose to glucose.
Induced during recovery from thermal stress.
Belongs to the complex I 51 kDa subunit family.
Complex I is composed of about 40 different subunits. This is a component of the flavoprotein-sulfur (FP) fragment of the enzyme.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln).
Belongs to the amidase family. GatA subfamily.
Subunit of the heterotrimeric GatCAB amidotransferase (AdT) complex, composed of A, B and C subunits.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Acts as a regulatory subunit for PP2A-like phosphatases modulating their activity or substrate specificity, probably by inducing a conformational change in the catalytic subunit, a direct target of the PPIase. Can reactivate inactive phosphatase PP2A-phosphatase methylesterase complexes (PP2Ai) in presence of ATP and Mg(2+) by dissociating the inactive form from the complex (By similarity).
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCG family. PDR (TC 3.A.1.205) subfamily.
Belongs to the DASH complex SPC19 family.
Involved in spliceosome maturation and the first step of pre-mRNA splicing.
Belongs to the arylamine N-acetyltransferase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL23 family.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. uL23m forms the wall of the exit tunnel.
Component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase D subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments (By similarity).
Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family.
Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions.
Belongs to the WD repeat IPI3/WDR18 family.
Component of the RIX1 complex required for processing of ITS2 sequences from 35S pre-rRNA.
Component of the RIX1 complex, composed of IPI1, RIX1/IPI2 and IPI3 in a 1:2:2 stoichiometry. The complex interacts (via RIX1) with MDN1 (via its hexameric AAA ATPase ring) and the pre-60S ribosome particles.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase small subunit family.
Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I family.
GTP cyclohydrolase 1 is the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway leading to folic acid.
GTP shows a positive allosteric effect, and tetrahydrobiopterin inhibits the enzyme activity.
Toroid-shaped homodecamer, composed of two pentamers of five dimers.
Belongs to the chitin synthase family. Class IV subfamily.
Has aminopeptidase activity, shortening substrate peptides sequentially by 1 amino acid. Has bleomycin hydrolase activity, which can protect the cell from the toxic effects of bleomycin. Has homocysteine-thiolactonase activity, protecting the cell against homocysteine toxicity.
Homohexamer. Binds to nucleic acids. Binds single-stranded DNA and RNA with higher affinity than double-stranded DNA.
The normal physiological role of the enzyme is unknown, but it is not essential for the viability of yeast cells. Has aminopeptidase activity, shortening substrate peptides sequentially by 1 amino acid. Has bleomycin hydrolase activity, which can protect the cell from the toxic effects of bleomycin. Has homocysteine-thiolactonase activity, protecting the cell against homocysteine toxicity. Acts as a repressor in the GAL4 regulatory system, but this does not require either the peptidase or nucleic acid-binding activities.
Component of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC), a dynamic component of the ribosomal exit tunnel, protecting the emerging polypeptides from interaction with other cytoplasmic proteins to ensure appropriate nascent protein targeting. The NAC complex also promotes mitochondrial protein import by enhancing productive ribosome interactions with the outer mitochondrial membrane and blocks the inappropriate interaction of ribosomes translating non-secretory nascent polypeptides with translocation sites in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Npc-1/egd2 may also be involved in transcription regulation (By similarity).
Required for synthesis of 60S ribosomal subunits and the transport of pre-ribosomes from the nucleoplasm to the cytoplasm.
Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family.
Expressed early during conidial (dormant spores) differentiation.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
Belongs to the cAMP-dependent kinase regulatory chain family.
Tetramer, composed of 2 regulatory (R) and 2 catalytic (C) subunits. In the presence of cAMP it dissociates into 2 active monomeric C subunits and an R dimer (By similarity).
Component of the spt4-spt5 complex. Interacts with RNA polymerase II (By similarity).
The spt4-spt5 complex mediates both activation and inhibition of transcription elongation, and plays a role in pre-mRNA processing. This complex seems to be important for the stability of the RNA polymerase II elongation machinery on the chromatin template but not for the inherent ability of this machinery to translocate down the gene (By similarity).
Belongs to the 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase family.
Key enzyme for ketone body catabolism. Transfers the CoA moiety from succinate to acetoacetate. Formation of the enzyme-CoA intermediate proceeds via an unstable anhydride species formed between the carboxylate groups of the enzyme and substrate.
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F(1). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits. Subunit alpha does not bear the catalytic high-affinity ATP-binding sites (By similarity).
Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily.
Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates histone H3 to form H3K9me3. H3K9me3 marks chromatin regions for DNA methylation (PubMed:11713521, PubMed:12372305, PubMed:12679815, PubMed:12887903). Dim-5 recognizes Arg-8 to Gly-12 of the H3 tail with Thr-11 and Gly-12 being the most important specificity determinants, the recognition of whcih is important to distinguish H3K9 from H3K27 and H4K20 (PubMed:18215768).
In the pre-SET domain, Cys residues bind 3 zinc ions that are arranged in a triangular cluster; some of these Cys residues contribute to the binding of two zinc ions within the cluster.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2A subfamily.
Appears to play a crucial role in the insertion of secretory and membrane polypeptides into the ER. It is required for assembly of membrane and secretory proteins and is essential for cell growth. It interacts with other membrane proteins required for protein translocation. Upon binding to SEC62/63 complex, secretory precursor polypeptides may engage SEC61 to begin membrane penetration event. A cycle of assembly and disassembly of SEC62/63 from SEC61 may govern the activity of the translocase (By similarity).
Heterotrimeric complex composed of SEC61-alpha, SEC61-beta and SEC61-gamma.
Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 63 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.
Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35) family.
High-conductance magnesium-selective channel that mediates the influx of magnesium into the mitochondrial matrix. Essential for the splicing of mRNA group II introns in mitochondria by affecting mitochondrial magnesium concentrations, which are critical for group II intron splicing. It also suppresses a variety of mitochondrial intron mutations and its absence may disturb the assembly of mitochondrial membrane complexes.
Homopentamer. Forms homooligomers. Interacts with MFM1.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 3 family.
Belongs to the threonine aldolase family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA5 subunit family.
Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily.
Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.
Belongs to the fungal fatty acid synthetase subunit beta family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIase B subfamily.
Lacks the C-terminal transmembrane domain, but has an ER retention motif at its extreme C-terminus.
Belongs to the asaB hydroxylase/desaturase family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S9 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase epsilon family.
Belongs to the DDOST 48 kDa subunit family.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily.
Components of the endosome-vacuole trafficking pathway that regulates nutrient transport. May be involved in processes which determine whether plasma membrane proteins are degraded or routed to the plasma membrane (By similarity).
Belongs to the homogentisate dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS17 family.
Belongs to the peptidase C2 family. PalB/RIM13 subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 32 family.
Lipid-binding protein involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, also named ubiquinone, an essential lipid-soluble electron transporter for aerobic cellular respiration.
Belongs to the GTP-binding SRP family. SRP54 subfamily.
Fungal signal recognition particle consists of a 7S RNA molecule (scR1) and at least six protein subunits: srp72, srp68, srp54, sec65, srp21 and srp14.
Signal-recognition-particle (SRP) assembly has a crucial role in targeting secretory proteins to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. SRP is required for the cotranslational protein translocation for ER import and preferentially recognizes strongly hydrophobic signal sequences. It is involved in targeting the nascent chain-ribosome (RNC) complex to the ER and is proposed to participate in the arrest of nascent chain elongation during membrane targeting. SRP54 binds to the signal sequence of presecretory protein when they emerge from the ribosomes. SRP54 interacts with the scR1 RNA and mediates the association of the resulting SRP-RNC complex with the signal recognition particle receptor (SR) via its alpha subunit SRP101. Both, SRP54 and SRP101, are locked in their GTP bound forms in the SRP-RNC-SR complex, which dissociates upon transferring the signal sequence to the protein-conducting channel (translocon). After signal sequence transfer, SRP54 and SRP101 act as reciprocal GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), thereby resolving their association.
The M domain binds the 7SL RNA and the signal sequence of presecretory proteins.
The NG domain, also named G domain, is a special guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) domain, which binds GTP and forms a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent complex with a homologous NG domain in the SRP receptor subunit srp101. The two NG domains undergo cooperative rearrangements upon their assembly, which culminate in the reciprocal activation of the GTPase activity of one another. SRP receptor compaction upon binding with cargo-loaded SRP and GTPase rearrangement drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER.
Belongs to the NUP186/NUP192/NUP205 family.
Involved in the assembly of the cytochrome c oxidase complex.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family.
Heterodimer with ALG13 to form a functional enzyme.
Belongs to the VPS10-related sortilin family.
Functions as a sorting receptor in the Golgi compartment required for the intracellular sorting and delivery of soluble vacuolar proteins, like carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) and proteinase A. Executes multiple rounds of sorting by cycling between the late Golgi and a prevacuolar endosome-like compartment (By similarity).
Involved in cell fusion during mating by stabilizing the plasma membrane fusion event.
Acts as a sulfur carrier required for 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Serves as sulfur donor in tRNA 2-thiolation reaction by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by the MOCS3 homolog nit-1/uba4. The sulfur is then transferred to tRNA to form 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U. Prior mcm(5) tRNA modification by the elongator complex is required for 2-thiolation. Also acts as a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that is covalently conjugated via an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of target proteins such as ahp1. The thiocarboxylated form serves as substrate for conjugation and oxidative stress specifically induces the formation of UBL-protein conjugates.
C-terminal thiocarboxylation occurs in 2 steps, it is first acyl-adenylated (-COAMP) via the hesA/moeB/thiF part of nit-1/uba4, then thiocarboxylated (-COSH) via the rhodanese domain of nit-1/uba4.
ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. Required for the processing and cleavage of 35S pre-rRNA at sites A0, A1, and A2, leading to mature 18S rRNA.
Associates in the nucleolus with the 60S and pre-60S ribosomal subunits.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX18/HAS1 subfamily.
Component of the PAN1 actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex required for the internalization of endosomes during actin-coupled endocytosis. The complex links the site of endocytosis to the cell membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton. Mediates uptake of external molecules and vacuolar degradation of plasma membrane proteins. Plays a role in the proper organization of the cell membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton and promotes its destabilization (By similarity).
Component of the PAN1 actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS42 family.
Component of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (mt-SSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. mS42 forms a homodimer, in contrast to the mS42-mS43 heterodimer in yeast, building a large protuberance adjacent to the mRNA channel exit in the mt-SSU body.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA.
Belongs to the DASH complex DAD3 family.
Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family.
Component of the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex that acts as an regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunit of SCF-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes (By similarity). The CSN complex is involved in the regulation of the circadian clock through its control of the stability of the SCF(FWD-1) complex.
Component of the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex.
Belongs to the damage-control phosphatase family. Sugar phosphate phosphatase III subfamily.
Metal-dependent phosphatase that shows phosphatase activity against several substrates, including fructose-1-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. Its preference for fructose-1-phosphate, a strong glycating agent that causes DNA damage rather than a canonical yeast metabolite, suggests a damage-control function in hexose phosphate metabolism.
Subfamily III proteins have a conserved RTxK motif about 40-50 residues from the C-terminus; the threonine may be replaced by serine or cysteine.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS33 family.
Belongs to the 2H phosphoesterase superfamily. CPD1 family.
Involved in the metabolism of ADP-ribose 1',2'-cyclic phosphate which is produced as a consequence of tRNA splicing.
Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53) family.
Exports stored molybdate from the vacuole into the cytosol, making it available for molybdate cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis (PubMed:36240974). Plays a role in molybdate homeostasis as high cytosolic levels of molybdate are toxic to cells (PubMed:36240974). Not required for molybdate import into cells (PubMed:36240974).
Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGO subfamily.
Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. The NuA4 complex is also involved in DNA repair (By similarity).
Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex.
Belongs to the FNT transporter (TC 2.A.44) family.
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. MSH3 subfamily.
Component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR).
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family.
Catalyzes the formation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA, which is mainly used for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols.
Belongs to the archaeal rpoM/eukaryotic RPA12/RPB9/RPC11 RNA polymerase family.
Component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex consisting of 17 subunits.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type V subfamily.
Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.
Belongs to the arsenical resistance-3 (ACR3) (TC 2.A.59) family.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC1 subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL50 family.
Constituent of COPII-coated endoplasmic reticulum-derived transport vesicles. Required for efficient transport of a subset of secretory proteins to the Golgi. Facilitates retrograde transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity).
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCF family. EF3 subfamily.
Mediates the transfer of lipids between membranes at organelle contact sites. May play a role in mitochondrial lipid homeostasis.
Putative mitochondrial redox protein which could be involved in the reduction of small toxic molecules.
Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs.
Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II).
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit beta family.
Catalyzes the transfer of a farnesyl moiety from farnesyl diphosphate to a cysteine at the fourth position from the C-terminus of several proteins. The beta subunit is responsible for peptide-binding.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit.
Involved in the organization of the mitochondrial membranes and the global structure of the mitochondria. Also required for mitochondrial distribution and mobility as well as for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA nucleoids structures.
Belongs to the nucleoporin interacting component (NIC) family.
Belongs to the CND1 (condensin subunit 1) family.
Regulatory subunit of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruD family.
Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family.
May interact with target proteins during translocation into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. May protect unfolded target proteins against degradation and facilitate correct glycosylation.
Plasma membrane osmosensor that activates the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK signaling pathway in response to high osmolarity.
Belongs to the PpiC/parvulin rotamase family. PIN4 subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS45 family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.
Involved in pre-mRNA splicing and cell cycle control.
Component of the 7-subunit TFIIH core complex composed of XPB/rad25, XPD/dnr-10, tcf-30/SSL1, tcf-29/TFB1, tcf-11/TFB2, tcf-14/TFB4 and rtf-1/TFB5, which is active in NER. The core complex associates with the 3-subunit CTD-kinase module TFIIK composed of div-66/cyclin H, prk-3/KIN28 and rtf-2/TFB3 to form the 10-subunit holoenzyme (holo-TFIIH) active in transcription.
Component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to TFIIK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module TFIIK controls the initiation of transcription.
Belongs to the acetate uptake transporter (AceTr) (TC 2.A.96) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL15 family.
ATP-binding RNA helicase involved in ribosome assembly.
Associates with pre-ribosomal particles.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX27/DRS1 subfamily.
Has a role in promoting intracellular calcium ion sequestration via the exchange of calcium ions for hydrogen ions across the vacuolar membrane. Involved also in manganese ion homeostasis via its uptake into the vacuole.
Belongs to the complex I 24 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.
Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.
The N-terminal putative helical domain may be the site through which HSP30 binding to mitochondrial membrane is regulated.
Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner. Seems to control the nucleotide-dependent binding of mtHSP70 (hsp70-5) to substrate proteins (By similarity).
Catalytic component of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) which catalyzes the cleavage of N-terminal signal sequences from nascent proteins as they are translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). Specifically cleaves N-terminal signal peptides that contain a hydrophobic alpha-helix (h-region) shorter than 18-20 amino acids (By similarity).
Component of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) composed of a catalytic subunit SEC11 and three accessory subunits SPC1, SPC2 and SPC3 (By similarity). The complex induces a local thinning of the ER membrane which is used to measure the length of the signal peptide (SP) h-region of protein substrates. This ensures the selectivity of the complex towards h-regions shorter than 18-20 amino acids (By similarity). SPC associates with the translocon complex (By similarity).
The C-terminal short (CTS) helix is essential for catalytic activity. It may be accommodated as a transmembrane helix in the thinned membrane environment of the complex, similarly to the signal peptide in the complex substrates.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 21 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (By similarity).
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the anthranilate synthase component I family.
Belongs to the aldolase class II family. MtnB subfamily.
Catalyzes the dehydration of methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P) into 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P).
Site-specific PPIase with respect to the amino acid N-terminal to the proline residue. Peptides with glutamate, phosphoserine, or phosphothreonine in the -1 position are the best substrates. It is not only able to isomerize small peptides but is also active in protein folding.
Involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Binds and is required for the stability of snRNA U1, U2, U4 and U5 which contain a highly conserved structural motif called the Sm binding site. Involved in cap modification.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL4 family.
Positive regulator of acetate induction.
The glutamine-rich domain might function in activating gene expression.
Belongs to the dynactin 150 kDa subunit family.
Large macromolecular complex of at least 10 components; p150(glued) binds directly to microtubules and to cytoplasmic dynein.
Required for the cytoplasmic dynein-driven retrograde movement of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. Dynein-dynactin interaction is a key component of the mechanism of axonal transport of vesicles and organelles (By similarity).
Catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments (By similarity).
Required for pre-18S rRNA processing. May bind microtubules.
Belongs to the intradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenase family.
Involved in the partitioning of the mitochondrial organelle and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. MAK3 subfamily.
Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S1 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL33 family.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. bL33m stabilizes the tRNA acceptor stem in the E-site.
Required for 60S pre-ribosomal subunits export to the cytoplasm.
Belongs to the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family.
Component of 250-400 kDa complexes called cytochrome oxidase assembly intermediates or COA complexes.
Required for assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV).
Belongs to the anthrone oxygenase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS26 family.
Belongs to the class VI-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase family.
Adds the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation. Transfers glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) onto the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol (By similarity).
Probable adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent tRNA (uracil-O(2)-)-methyltransferase.
Oligomeric complex that consists of at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.
Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family.
Regulatory subunit of casein kinase II/CK2 (By similarity). As part of the kinase complex regulates the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine (By similarity).
Tetramer composed of two alpha chains, one beta chain and one beta' chain.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA1 subunit family.
Belongs to the nitrate reductase family.
Binds 1 Mo-molybdopterin (Mo-MPT) cofactor per subunit.
Binds 1 heme group per subunit. The heme group is called cytochrome b-557.
Its expression is highly regulated and responds rapidly to nitrate induction and to nitrogen repression.
Nitrate reductase is a key enzyme involved in the first step of nitrate assimilation in plants, fungi and bacteria.
Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity.
Component of the NDC80 complex, which consists of kpr-1/ndc80, kpr-2/nuf2, kpr-3/spc24 and kpr-4/spc25.
Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.
Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing as a core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Required for the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase.
Belongs to the TrkH potassium transport family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 4 family.
Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family.
Plays an important role in the de novo pathway and in the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP (By similarity).
Required for growth under high-pressure and low-temperature conditions.
Histones H3 and H4 chaperone involved in the nucleosome formation and heterochromatin silencing. Required for the deposition of H3K56ac-carrying H3-H4 complex onto newly-replicated DNA. Plays a role in the transcriptional regulation of the cell-cycle dependent histone genes by creating a repressive structure at the core histone gene promoter (By similarity).
Catalytic subunit in the complex catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol, the first step of GPI biosynthesis.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 32 family.
Component of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (mt-SSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. uS3m, uS4m and uS5m form the narrow entry site of the mRNA channel.
Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family.
Participates in the folding of proteins containing disulfide bonds, may be involved in glycosylation, prolyl hydroxylation and triglyceride transfer.
Belongs to the CoA-transferase III family.
Mediates inactivation of the TORC1 complex in response to amino acid starvation. Required for meiotic nuclear division.
Binding to mpp is required for catalytic activity (PubMed:2967109). Inhibited by metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (PubMed:2967109).
Catalytic subunit of the essential mitochondrial processing protease (MPP), which cleaves the mitochondrial sequence off newly imported precursors proteins (PubMed:2967109). Preferentially, cleaves after an arginine at position P2 (PubMed:8106471).
Heterodimer of mpp (alpha) and pep (beta) subunits, forming the mitochondrial processing protease (MPP) in which mpp is involved in substrate recognition and binding and pep is the catalytic subunit (PubMed:2967109). Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 10 subunits. The complex is composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b (cob), cytochrome c1 (cyt-1) and Rieske protein (fes-1), 2 core protein subunits pep and ucr-1, and 5 low-molecular weight protein subunits qcr6, qcr7, qcr8, qcr9 and probably NCU16844/qcr10 (PubMed:226365, PubMed:6273583, PubMed:18251112, PubMed:6302289). The complex exists as an obligatory dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), resulting in different assemblies (supercomplexes SCI(1)III(2), SCIII(2)IV(1) and SCIII(2)IV(2) as well as higher order I(x)III(y)IV(z) megacomplexes) (PubMed:17873079, PubMed:19239619).
Belongs to the SLC35F solute transporter family.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. DCP2 subfamily.
Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family.
Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and nucleotide specificity is provided by the beta subunit.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. Chitinase class V subfamily.
Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II and III (RNAPII and RNAPIII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c (By similarity).
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. A homomeric c-ring of probably 10 subunits is part of the complex rotary element (By similarity).
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruB family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CHEK2 subfamily.
Long-chain fatty alcohol oxidase involved in the omega-oxidation pathway of lipid degradation.
Component of the ribosome quality control complex (RQC), composed of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RKR1/LTN1, RQC1 and RQC2, as well as CDC48 and its ubiquitin-binding cofactors associated with the 60S ribosomal subunits.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase component of the ribosome quality control complex (RQC), a ribosome-associated complex that mediates ubiquitination and extraction of incompletely synthesized nascent chains for proteasomal degradation (PubMed:27385828). Mediates ubiquitination of proteins derived from mRNAs lacking stop codons (non-stop proteins) and other translation arrest products induced by poly-lysine sequences and tandem rare codons (PubMed:27385828). Ubiquitination leads to CDC48 recruitment for extraction and degradation of the incomplete translation product. May indirectly play a role in chromatin function and transcription (By similarity).
The VLRF1 domain mediates binding to the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Required to generate and maintain the structure of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum network and the vacuole. Induces high curvature in membranes and causes membrane tubule formation. Involved in membrane/vesicle trafficking.
The short lumenal loops between transmembrane domains 1 and 2 and between transmembrane domains 3 and 4 may impart a wedge-like configuration, thus deforming membranes.
Belongs to the peptidase M16 family. PreP subfamily.
Degrades mitochondrial transit peptides after their cleavage in the intermembrane space or in the matrix, and presequence peptides; clearance of these peptides is required to keep the presequence processing machinery running (By similarity). Preferentially cleaves the N-terminal side of paired basic amino acid residues (By similarity). Also degrades other unstructured peptides (By similarity). May function as an ATP-dependent peptidase as opposed to a metalloendopeptidase.
Monomer and homodimer; homodimerization is induced by binding of the substrate.
Involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility. Acts in association with DOCK1 and CRK. Was initially proposed to be required in complex with DOCK1 to activate Rac Rho small GTPases. May enhance the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of DOCK1.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 48 family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. Class II DHOase subfamily.
Belongs to the eIF-5A family. Hex1 subfamily.
Forms oligomers (PubMed:11273682, PubMed:10783241). Self-assembles into hexagonal rods (PubMed:10783241, PubMed:12640443).
Impairs plugging of septal pores and leads to the loss of cytoplasm in hyphae severed by lightly drawing a scalpel blade.
Major component of Woronin bodies, fungal-specific organelles that occlude septal pores in order to separate intact from damaged compartments (PubMed:11273682, PubMed:10783241). Hex-1 binds directly or indirectly to the Woronin body tether that in turn is anchored at the rim of the septal pore (PubMed:11273682, PubMed:10783241).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.
Belongs to the transcriptional coactivator PC4 family.
General coactivator that functions cooperatively with TAFs and mediates functional interactions between upstream activators and the general transcriptional machinery. Binds single-stranded DNA (By similarity).
Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP3/4 subfamily.
PPIase that acts as a histone chaperone. Histone proline isomerase that increases the rate of cis-trans isomerization at prolines on the histone H3 N-terminal tail. Proline isomerization influences H3 methylation thereby regulating gene expression.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Epoxide hydrolase family.
Highly reducing polyketide synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of sordarial, a salicylic aldehyde structurally related to the phytotoxin pyriculol (PubMed:19277664, PubMed:28485098, PubMed:30908040). The most interesting aspect of this pathway is formation of an aromatic product from the highly reducing polyketide synthase srdA (PubMed:30908040). SrdA synthesizes a reduced polyketide chain from one molecule of acetyl-CoA and five molecules of malonyl-CoA (PubMed:30908040). The polyketide chain is then reductively released as an aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). The oxidoreductases srdC, srdD and srdE then oxidize one of the hydroxy groups to facilitate the intramolecular aldol condensation, followed by dehydration to yield a salicylic aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). This aldehyde can undergo facile reduction by endogenous reductases to yield the alcohol 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-pent-1,3-dienylbenzene (PubMed:30908040). The flavin-dependent srdI counteract against the propensity of the aldehydes to be reduced under physiological conditions and is responsible for reoxidizing 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-pent-1,3-dienylbenzene back to the salicylic aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). This salicylic aldehyde is then selectively epoxidized by the cupin-domain-containing oxidoreductase srdB to yield the epoxide, which can be hydrolyzed stereoselectively by the hydrolase srdG to give the final product sordarial (PubMed:30908040).
Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the SMC family. RAD50 subfamily.
Belongs to the Tim17/Tim22/Tim23 family.
Component of the TIM23 complex, at least composed of tim23, tim17, tim50 and tim21. The complex interacts with the tim44 component of the PAM complex (By similarity).
Essential component of the TIM23 complex, a complex that mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 26 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin family.
Consists mainly of membrane-spanning sided beta-sheets.
Forms a channel through the cell membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. The channel adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is cation-selective.
Belongs to the putative lipase ROG1 family.
Belongs to the pyridoxal phosphate-binding protein YggS/PROSC family.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-binding protein, which may be involved in intracellular homeostatic regulation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family.
Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase family.
Involved in protein synthesis. Involved in microtubule stabilization (By similarity).
FMN binds covalently to cysteine after exposure to blue light and is reversed in the dark.
May function as a transcription factor involved in light regulation. Binds and affects blue light regulation of the al-3 gene. Wc-1 and wc-2 proteins interact via homologous PAS domains, bind to promoters of light regulated genes such as frq, and activate transcription.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 5 family.
Involved in nuclear export, actin cytoskeleton organization and vesicular transport.
Belongs to the dihydroxyacetone kinase (DAK) family.
Catalyzes both the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone and of glyceraldehyde.
Facilitates protein transport into the nucleus. Could be part of a multicomponent system of cytosolic factors that assemble at the pore complex during nuclear import (By similarity).
Belongs to the DNA repair enzymes AP/ExoA family.
Probably binds two magnesium or manganese ions per subunit.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Fungal fatty acid synthetase subunit alpha family.
Belongs to the peroxisomal membrane protein PXMP2/4 family.
Belongs to the FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. Plays a role in transcription regulation by catalyzing the monoubiquitination of histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1. H2BK123ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also a prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation. Also involved in postreplication repair of UV-damaged DNA, in N-end rule-dependent protein degradation and in sporulation.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo6/eukaryotic RPB6 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase family.
Catalyzes the interconversion between the alpha and beta anomers from at least three hexose 6-phosphate sugars (Glc6P, Gal6P, and Man6P).
Component of the elongator complex which is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. LepA subfamily.
Promotes mitochondrial protein synthesis. May act as a fidelity factor of the translation reaction, by catalyzing a one-codon backward translocation of tRNAs on improperly translocated ribosomes. Binds to mitochondrial ribosomes in a GTP-dependent manner.
Exerts its effect at some terminal stage of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis, probably by being involved in the insertion of the copper B into subunit I.
Belongs to the acetyl-CoA hydrolase/transferase family.
The PX domain binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate which is necessary for peripheral membrane localization.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) to form flavin mononucleotide (FMN) coenzyme.
Component of the ERMES/MDM complex, which serves as a molecular tether to connect the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria (By similarity). Components of this complex are involved in the control of mitochondrial shape and protein biogenesis, and function in nonvesicular lipid trafficking between the ER and mitochondria (PubMed:10982393). The mdm12-mmm-1 subcomplex functions in the major beta-barrel assembly pathway that is responsible for biogenesis of all outer membrane beta-barrel proteins, and acts in a late step after the SAM complex. The mdm10-mdm12-mmm-1 subcomplex further acts in the TOM40-specific pathway after the action of the mdm12-mmm-1 complex. Essential for establishing and maintaining the structure of mitochondria and maintenance of mtDNA nucleoids (By similarity).
Homodimer. Component of the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) or MDM complex, composed of mmm-1, mdm10, mdm12 and mdm34. A mmm-1 homodimer associates with one molecule of mdm12 on each side in a pairwise head-to-tail manner, and the SMP-LTD domains of mmm-1 and mdm12 generate a continuous hydrophobic tunnel for phospholipid trafficking.
The SMP-LTD domain is a barrel-like domain that can bind various types of glycerophospholipids in its interior and mediate their transfer between two adjacent bilayers.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Mitochondrial GTPase that catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. NUBP1/NBP35 subfamily.
Binds 4 [4Fe-4S] clusters per heterotetramer. Contains two stable clusters in the N-termini of NBP35 and two labile, bridging clusters between subunits of the NBP35-CFD1 heterotetramer.
Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. The NBP35-CFD1 heterotetramer forms a Fe-S scaffold complex, mediating the de novo assembly of an Fe-S cluster and its transfer to target apoproteins.
Heterotetramer of 2 NBP35 and 2 CFD1 chains.
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
Required for the assembly of the V0 complex of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Catalyzes an early step in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. Binds two molecules of 5-aminolevulinate per subunit, each at a distinct site, and catalyzes their condensation to form porphobilinogen.
Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family.
The complex LTO1:YAE1 may function as a target specific adapter that probably recruits apo-RPLI1 to the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex machinery. May be required for biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit and initiation of translation.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ran family.
Found in a nuclear export complex with RanGTP, exportin and pre-miRNA (By similarity).
GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export. Involved in chromatin condensation and control of cell cycle (By similarity).
Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
The C-terminal 5 residues are removed to expose Gly-116 at the C-terminus. The C-terminal Gly is then amidated with phosphatidylethanolamine by an activating system similar to that for ubiquitin.
Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in autophagosomes formation. With cpr-1/atg4, mediates the delivery of the autophagosomes to the vacuole via the microtubule cytoskeleton. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Participates also in membrane fusion events that take place in the early secretory pathway. Also involved in endoplasmic reticulum-specific autophagic process and is essential for the survival of cells subjected to severe ER stress. The apg-6/atg8-PE conjugate mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates membrane hemifusion, leading to expansion of the autophagosomal membrane during autophagy.
Involved in the small subunit (SSU) processome assembly and function, and in the 18S rRNA synthesis. Required for the early cleavages at sites A0, A1 and A2 (By similarity).
Belongs to the helicase family. PIF1 subfamily.
DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase required for the maintenance of both mitochondrial and nuclear genome stability.
Belongs to the oligoribonuclease family.
Belongs to the CSN7/EIF3M family. CSN7 subfamily.
Component of the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex that acts as an regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunit of SCF-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes (By similarity). The CSN complex is involved in the regulation of the circadian clock through its control of the stability of the SCF(FWD1) complex.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC9 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic NMN adenylyltransferase family.
May be involved in protection from oxidative damage.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. ATZ/TRZ family.
Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of guanine, producing xanthine and ammonia.
Belongs to the UPL family. TOM1/PTR1 subfamily.
Probable ubiquitin ligase protein, which may be involved in mRNA export. E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins mediate ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Participates in mRNA export from the nucleus by regulating the transport of hnRNP proteins.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase family 6.
Composed of two chains; the small (or glutamine) chain promotes the hydrolysis of glutamine to ammonia, which is used by the large (or ammonia) chain to synthesize carbamoyl phosphate.
In eukaryotes this enzyme is synthesized by two pathway-specific (arginine and pyrimidine) under separate control.
ATP-dependent RNA helicase required for 60S ribosomal subunit synthesis. Involved in efficient pre-rRNA processing, predominantly at site A3, which is necessary for the normal formation of 25S and 5.8S rRNAs (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX5/DBP2 subfamily.
Component of the GINS complex which is a heterotetramer of div-26/sld5, drc-1/psf1, drc-2/psf2 and drc-3/psf3.
The GINS complex plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication.
Associates with the respiratory chain complex III/complex IV supercomplex.
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit which plays a role in assembly of respiratory supercomplexes.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 25 family.
Mannosyltransferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.
Catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. In the first step, molybdopterin is adenylated. Subsequently, molybdate is inserted into adenylated molybdopterin and AMP is released.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the MoeA family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the MoaB/Mog family.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. SWR1 subfamily.
Catalytic component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling.
Component of the SWR1 chromatin-remodeling complex.
Responsible for the formation of the pyrimidine heterocycle in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes the formation of hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P) from histidine and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). The protein uses PLP and the active site histidine to form HMP-P, generating an inactive enzyme. The enzyme can only undergo a single turnover, which suggests it is a suicide enzyme.
Binds 1 Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ion per subunit.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family.
Intracellular phospholipase B that catalyzes the double deacylation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho). Plays an important role in membrane lipid homeostasis. Responsible for the rapid PC turnover in response to inositol, elevated temperatures, or when choline is present in the growth medium (By similarity).
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class CDC14 subfamily.
Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.
The HXXXXD motif is essential for acyltransferase activity and may constitute the binding site for the phosphate moiety of the glycerol-3-phosphate.
Cleaves the distal alpha 1,2-linked glucose residue from the Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family.
Heterodimer of a large and a small subunit.
Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides.
Required for the assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (CIV), also known as cytochrome c oxidase. May participate in merging the COX1 and COX2 assembly lines.
May protect dormant spores from desiccation and play a significant role in the formation or survival of microconidia and ascospores.
Within 2 hours following conidial germination its level decreases rapidly and by 16 hours it is undetectable. Accumulates during the late stages of conidiation and is present in free conidia.
Exoribonuclease involved in ribosome biosynthesis. Involved in the processing of ITS1, the internal transcribed spacer localized between the 18S and 5.8S rRNAs (By similarity).
Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the ATP phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. LCMT family.
Methylates the carboxyl group of the C-terminal leucine residue of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunits to form alpha-leucine ester residues.
Catalyzes the reaction of cyanate with bicarbonate to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Belongs to the HMG-CoA reductase family.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC2 subfamily.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.
Binds to both phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PIP2).
Lipase which is essential for lysis of subvacuolar cytoplasm to vacuole targeted bodies and intravacuolar autophagic bodies. Involved in the lysis of intravacuolar multivesicular body (MVB) vesicles. The intravacuolar membrane disintegration by atg15 is critical to life span extension (By similarity).
Acts in the GPI biosynthetic pathway between GlcNAc-PI synthesis and GPI transfer to protein.
Belongs to the V-ATPase E subunit family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit p27 family.
Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. YAT (TC 2.A.3.10) family.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family.
Part of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex.
Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. PAN2 subfamily.
Binds 2 metal cations per subunit in the catalytic exonuclease domain.
Catalytic subunit of the poly(A)-nuclease (PAN) deadenylation complex, one of two cytoplasmic mRNA deadenylases involved in mRNA turnover. PAN specifically shortens poly(A) tails of RNA and the activity is stimulated by poly(A)-binding protein pabp-1. PAN deadenylation is followed by rapid degradation of the shortened mRNA tails by the CCR4-NOT complex. Deadenylated mRNAs are then degraded by two alternative mechanisms, namely exosome-mediated 3'-5' exonucleolytic degradation, or deadenylation-dependent mRNA decaping and subsequent 5'-3' exonucleolytic degradation by rgb-30/xrn1. May also be involved in post-transcriptional maturation of mRNA poly(A) tails.
Contains a pseudo-UCH domain. This ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH)-like or ubiquitin specific protease (USP)-like domain is predicted to be catalytically inactive because it lacks the active site catalytic triad characteristic of thiol proteases, with residues at the equivalent structural positions that are incompatible with catalysis, and it cannot bind ubiquitin. It functions as a structural scaffold for intra- and intermolecular interactions in the complex.
Forms a heterotrimer with an asymmetric homodimer of the regulatory subunit par-2/pan3 to form the poly(A)-nuclease (PAN) deadenylation complex.
Positively regulated by the regulatory subunit par-2/pan3.
The linker, or PAN3 interaction domain (PID), between the WD40 repeats and the pseudo-UCH domain mediates interaction with par-2/pan3.
Belongs to the myo-inositol oxygenase family.
Involved in the initiation of assembly of the COPII coat required for the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the selection of cargo molecules. Also involved in autophagy (By similarity).
Belongs to the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family.
Belongs to the trichothecene O-acetyltransferase family.
Belongs to the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Has a role in the nuclear export of 40S pre-ribosomal subunit to the cytoplasm.
Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family. MET7 subfamily.
Both met-3 and met-7 are required to form a functional cystathionine gamma-synthase.
Catalyzes the formation of L-cystathionine from O-succinyl-L-homoserine (OSHS) and L-cysteine, via a gamma-replacement reaction. In the absence of thiol, catalyzes gamma-elimination to form 2-oxobutanoate, succinate and ammonia (By similarity).
Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family.
Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic60 family.
Component of the MICOS complex, a large protein complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that plays crucial roles in the maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. Plays a role in keeping cristae membranes connected to the inner boundary membrane. Also promotes protein import via the mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly (MIA) pathway (By similarity).
Acetylation of histone H3 leads to transcriptional activation. H3K14ac formation by gcn-5 is promoted by H3S10ph. H3K14ac can also be formed by esa-1. H3K56ac formation occurs predominantly in newly synthesized H3 molecules during G1, S and G2/M of the cell cycle and may be involved in DNA repair (By similarity).
Mono-, di- and trimethylated by the COMPASS complex to form H3K4me1/2/3. H3K4me activates gene expression by regulating transcription elongation and plays a role in telomere length maintenance. H3K4me enrichment correlates with transcription levels, and occurs in a 5' to 3' gradient with H3K4me3 enrichment at the 5'-end of genes, shifting to H3K4me2 and then H3K4me1. Trimethylated by methyltransferase dim-5 to form H3K9me3. H3K9me3, but not H3K9me2, marks chromatin regions for cytosine methylation. Methylated by set-2 to form H3K36me. H3K36me represses gene expression. Methylated by dot-1 to form H3K79me. H3K79me is required for association of SIR proteins with telomeric regions and for telomeric silencing. The COMPASS-mediated formation of H3K4me2/3 and the dot-1-mediated formation of H3K79me require H2BK123ub1 (By similarity).
Phosphorylated to form H3S10ph. H3S10ph promotes subsequent H3K14ac formation and is required for transcriptional activation through TBP recruitment to the promoters (By similarity).
To ensure consistency between histone entries, we follow the 'Brno' nomenclature for histone modifications, with positions referring to those used in the literature for the 'closest' model organism. Due to slight variations in histone sequences between organisms and to the presence of initiator methionine in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot sequences, the actual positions of modified amino acids in the sequence generally differ. In this entry the following conventions are used: H3K4me1/2/3 = mono-, di- and trimethylated Lys-5; H3K9ac = acetylated Lys-10; H3K9me3 = trimethylated Lys-10; H3S10ph = phosphorylated Ser-11; H3K14ac = acetylated Lys-15; H3K14me2 = dimethylated Lys-15; H3K18ac = acetylated Lys-19; H3K18me1 = monomethylated Lys-19; H3K23ac = acetylated Lys-24; H3K23me1 = monomethylated Lys-24; H3K27ac = acetylated Lys-28; H3K27me1/2/3 = mono-, di- and trimethylated Lys-28; H3K36ac = acetylated Lys-37; H3K36me1/2/3 = mono-, di- and trimethylated Lys-37; H3K56ac = acetylated Lys-57; H3K64ac = acetylated Lys-65; H3K79me1/2/3 = mono-, di- and trimethylated Lys-80.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. APG1/unc-51/ULK1 subfamily.
Homodimer. Forms a ternary complex with ATG13 and ATG17.
Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and found to be essential in autophagy, where it is required for the formation of autophagosomes. Involved in the clearance of protein aggregates which cannot be efficiently cleared by the proteasome. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Also involved in endoplasmic reticulum-specific autophagic process, in selective removal of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) substrates. Plays a key role in ATG9 and ATG23 cycling through the pre-autophagosomal structure and is necessary to promote ATG18 binding to ATG9 through phosphorylation of ATG9. Catalyzes phosphorylation of ATG4, decreasing the interaction between ATG4 and ATG8 and impairing deconjugation of PE-conjugated forms of ATG8.
Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. May play a role in changing or maintaining the spatial distribution of cytoskeletal structures.
Belongs to the dynein light chain family.
Cytoplasmic dynein consists of two catalytic heavy chains (HCs) and a number of non-catalytic subunits which present intermediate chains (ICs), light intermediate chains (LICs) and light chains (LCs).
Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family. Sterol o-acyltransferase subfamily.
Sterol O-acyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of stery esters.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex. Interacts with H3K4me3 and to a lesser extent with H3K4me2.
The PHD-type zinc finger mediates the binding to H3K4me3.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. MetX family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.
Belongs to the ETF alpha-subunit/FixB family.
The electron transfer flavoprotein serves as a specific electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases, including five acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, glutaryl-CoA and sarcosine dehydrogenase. It transfers the electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase).
Mutant are aconidial, female sterile, have reduced growth rates and form hyphae that coil in a counterclockwise direction, opposite to that of the wild-type.
Represses transcription by RNA polymerase II. May be involved at several stages of conidiation and other growth and development processes. Appears to regulate genes that are expressed in asexual and sexual spore pathways.
Although strongly related to the peptide:N-glycanase enzyme, it lacks the conserved active site Cys in position 208, which is replaced by a Ala residue suggesting that it has no activity.
Belongs to the transglutaminase-like superfamily. PNGase family.
Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery required for the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. Part of an electron transfer chain functioning in an early step of cytosolic Fe-S biogenesis, facilitating the de novo assembly of a [4Fe-4S] cluster on the scaffold complex cfd1-nbp35. Electrons are transferred to dre2 from NADPH via the FAD- and FMN-containing protein tah18. Tah18-dre2 are also required for the assembly of the diferric tyrosyl radical cofactor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), probably by providing electrons for reduction during radical cofactor maturation in the catalytic small subunit rnr2.
Monomer. Interacts with tah18. Interacts with mia40.
The C-terminal domain binds 2 Fe-S clusters but is otherwise mostly in an intrinsically disordered conformation.
The N-terminal domain has structural similarity with S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases, but does not bind S-adenosyl-L-methionine. It is required for correct assembly of the 2 Fe-S clusters.
The twin Cx2C motifs are involved in the recognition by the mitochondrial mia40-erv1 disulfide relay system. The formation of 2 disulfide bonds in the Cx2C motifs through dithiol/disulfide exchange reactions effectively traps the protein in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL28 family.
Belongs to the oligopeptide OPT transporter family.
LSm subunits form a heteromer with a doughnut shape.
Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the class VI-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. PEMT/PEM2 methyltransferase family.
Catalyzes the second two steps of the methylation pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, the SAM-dependent methylation of phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) to phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine (PDME) and of PDME to phosphatidylcholine (PC).
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 28 family.
Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations.
Occurs in many kinds of cells as a complex with monomeric actin in a 1:1 ratio.
Degrades mitochondrial transit peptides after their cleavage in the intermembrane space or in the matrix, and presequence peptides; clearance of these peptides is required to keep the presequence processing machinery running (By similarity). Preferentially cleaves the N-terminal side of paired basic amino acid residues (By similarity). Also degrades other unstructured peptides (By similarity). May function as an ATP-dependent peptidase as opposed to a metalloendopeptidase (By similarity).
Essential oxidoreductase that oxidizes proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum to produce disulfide bonds. Acts by oxidizing directly pdi1 isomerase through a direct disulfide exchange. Does not act as a direct oxidant of folding substrate, but relies on pdi1 to transfer oxidizing equivalent. Does not oxidize all pdi related proteins, suggesting that it can discriminate between pdi1 and related proteins. Its reoxidation probably involves electron transfer to molecular oxygen via FAD. Acts independently of glutathione. May be responsible for a significant proportion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, thereby being a source of oxidative stress (By similarity).
May function both as a monomer and a homodimer.
Involved in the regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase activity and cell-wall formation.
Was originally thought to be a glucan synthase.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA M5U methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the NmrA-type oxidoreductase family.
Lacks the conserved Tyr residue in position 211 in the active site triad of Ser-Tyr-Lys necessary for dehydrogenase activity, suggesting that it has no oxidoreductase activity.
May be a redox sensor protein. Negative transcriptional regulator involved in the post-transcriptional modulation of the GATA-type transcription factor nit-2, forming part of a system controlling nitrogen metabolite repression (By similarity).
Belongs to the diacylglycerol acyltransferase family.
Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates.
Required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Acts as a membrane receptor for soluble GET3, which recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cytosol.
Belongs to the adenylate-forming reductase family.
Carboxylic acid reductase that shows a broad range of substrate specificity towards aromatic acids, especially to phenyl carboxylic and phenyl acrylic acids, to convert them into their respective aldehydes (PubMed:4389863, PubMed:11946054, PubMed:27917101, PubMed:29515539). Also able to use aliphatic acids as substrates (PubMed:29515539).
The NRPS-like carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) has an unusual domain architecture (A-T-R), with the adenylation domain A activating and thioesterifying the carboxylic acid which is then channeled through the phosphopantetheine arm of the T domain, the thioester reductase domain R reducing the carboxylic acid to the corresponding aldehyde.
Belongs to the bZIP family. GCN4 subfamily.
In N.crassa grown under amino acid starvation conditions, this protein is required for increasing the transcription of the genes coding for many amino acid biosynthetic pathways enzymes. This transcription factor binds and recognize the DNA sequence: 5'-TGACTC-3'.
Ubiquitin-like protein involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy vesicles formation, mitophagy, and nucleophagy. Conjugation with apg-4/atg5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also apg-5/atg7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and atg10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The atg12-apg-4/atg5 conjugate functions as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of apg-6/atg8 and apg-6/atg8 association to the vesicle membranes (By similarity).
Belongs to the ACC deaminase/D-cysteine desulfhydrase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 17 family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class myotubularin subfamily.
Major nitrogen regulatory protein. During conditions of nitrogen limitation it turns on the expression of genes for enzymes which are required for the use of a variety of secondary nitrogen sources, including nitrates, purines, amino acids, and proteins.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. UbiG/COQ3 family.
O-methyltransferase that catalyzes the 2 O-methylation steps in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway.
Belongs to the clathrin heavy chain family.
Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles.
Belongs to the complex I LYR family. SDHAF1 subfamily.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.
Belongs to the PNP/MTAP phosphorylase family. MTAP subfamily.
Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (MTA) to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate. Involved in the breakdown of MTA, a major by-product of polyamine biosynthesis. Responsible for the first step in the methionine salvage pathway after MTA has been generated from S-adenosylmethionine. Has broad substrate specificity with 6-aminopurine nucleosides as preferred substrates.
Required for exosome-dependent processing of pre-rRNA and small nucleolar RNA (snRNA) precursors. Involved in processing of 35S pre-rRNA at the A0, A1 and A2 sites.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL13 family.
Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL46 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS16 family.
Belongs to the transthyretin family. 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family.
IGPS catalyzes the conversion of PRFAR and glutamine to IGP, AICAR and glutamate. The glutaminase domain produces the ammonia necessary for the cyclase domain to produce IGP and AICAR from PRFAR. The ammonia is channeled to the active site of the cyclase domain.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the HisA/HisF family.
Belongs to the DASH complex DAD4 family.
Plays a role in maintaining the mitochondrial genome and in controlling the mtDNA escape. Involved in the regulation of mtDNA nucleotide structure and number. May have a dispensable role in early maturation of pre-rRNA (By similarity).
Components of the endosome-vacuole trafficking pathway that regulates nutrient transport. May be involved in processes which determine whether plasma membrane proteins are degraded or routed to the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the HIBADH-related family. 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase subfamily.
Component of the NOP7 complex, composed of erb1, nop7 and ytm1. The complex is held together by erb1, which interacts with nop7 via its N-terminal domain and with ytm1 via a high-affinity interaction between the seven-bladed beta-propeller domains of the 2 proteins. The NOP7 complex associates with the 66S pre-ribosome.
Component of the NOP7 complex, which is required for maturation of the 25S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs and formation of the 60S ribosome.
Component of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (mt-SSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. uS12m forms part of the decoding center of the mt-SSU.
Involved in the lipid remodeling steps of GPI-anchor maturation.
Belongs to the DASH complex DAD2 family.
Although related to the peptidase M24 family, this protein lacks conserved active site residues suggesting that it may lack peptidase activity.
Belongs to the peptidase M24 family. SPT16 subfamily.
Component of the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. The FACT complex is involved in multiple processes that require DNA as a template such as mRNA elongation, DNA replication and DNA repair. During transcription elongation the FACT complex acts as a histone chaperone that both destabilizes and restores nucleosomal structure. It facilitates the passage of RNA polymerase II and transcription by promoting the dissociation of one histone H2A-H2B dimer from the nucleosome, then subsequently promotes the reestablishment of the nucleosome following the passage of RNA polymerase II (By similarity).
Forms a stable heterodimer with ctc-1/pob3. The dimer of ctc-1 and ctc-2 weakly associates with multiple molecules of nhp-1/nhp6 to form the FACT complex (By similarity).
Catalyzes the cleavage of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) and L-3-hydroxykynurenine (L-3OHKyn) into anthranilic acid (AA) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-OHAA), respectively.
Component of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) involved in endosomal cargo sorting.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. gTMT family.
Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC24 subfamily.
Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules (By similarity).
The COPII coat is composed of at least 5 proteins: the sec23/24 complex, the sec13/31 complex, and the protein vtr-7/sar1.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA8 subunit family.
Complex I is composed of about 40 different subunits. This is a component of the hydrophobic fraction.
Belongs to the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase family. QTRT2 subfamily.
Heterodimer of a catalytic subunit and an accessory subunit.
Non-catalytic subunit of the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase (TGT) that catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine (G) residue with queuine (Q) at position 34 (anticodon wobble position) in tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr), resulting in the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine (7-(((4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl)amino)methyl)-7-deazaguanosine).
Expression is induced in the presence of quinic acid (PubMed:144915, PubMed:6458044). The quinic acid (qa) gene cluster is subject to two levels of gene control: a primary system which responds to the presence of quinic acid via the qa-1S repressor protein that blocks the qa-1F activator, and a secondary system which represses transcription of qa genes in the presence of a preferred carbon source such as glucose (PubMed:9279395, PubMed:6458044, PubMed:12477937, PubMed:17597928, PubMed:19236936).
Quinate dehydrogenase; part of the qa gene cluster that mediates the catabolism of quinic acid (QA) and as such, allows the use of QA as a sole carbon source (PubMed:2525625, PubMed:151647, PubMed:6458044). Catalyzes the first reaction in the inducible quinic acid catabolic pathway by converting quinate into 3-dehydroquinate (PubMed:151647). The qa cluster encodes 3 inducible enymes (qa-2, qa-3 and qa-4) catalyzing the first three reactions in the catabolism of quinic acid to protocatechuic acid (also known as 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) (Probable).
Belongs to the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase superfamily. Nitrilase family.
Accepts electrons from ETF and reduces ubiquinone.
Associates with 90S and pre-40S pre-ribosomal particles.
Component of the 90S pre-ribosome involved in the maturation of rRNAs. Required for early cleavages of the pre-RNAs in the 40S ribosomal subunit maturation pathway (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX24/MAK5 subfamily.
Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, that promotes sister chromatid alignment after DNA damage and facilitates double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) repair via homologous recombination between sister chromatids.
Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF13/WDSOF1 family.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. The coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the archaeal/bacterial/fungal opsin family.
Binds all-trans retinal via a protonated Schiff base linkage.
Could facilitate a sensory photoresponse.
Highest expression in sexually differentiated cultures and conidia when there has been exposure to light. Also expressed during vegetative growth.
Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.8) family.
Plays a role in maintenance of chromatin structure during RNA polymerase II transcription elongation thereby repressing transcription initiation from cryptic promoters. Mediates the reassembly of nucleosomes onto the promoters of at least a selected set of genes during repression; the nucleosome reassembly is essential for transcriptional repression (By similarity).
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutL/HexB family.
Belongs to the alternative oxidase family.
Catalyzes cyanide-resistant oxygen consumption. May increase respiration when the cytochrome respiratory pathway is restricted, or in response to low temperatures.
Catalyzes the formation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine by condensation of 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil with 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate. This is the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin.
Belongs to the MPDU1 (TC 2.A.43.3) family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL34 family.
Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.
Catalyzes the conversion of GlcNAc-6-P into GlcNAc-1-P during the synthesis of uridine diphosphate/UDP-GlcNAc, which is a biosynthetic precursor of chitin and also supplies the amino sugars for N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.
Belongs to the cytochrome c-type heme lyase family.
Lyase that catalyzes the covalent linking of the heme group to the cytochrome C apoprotein to produce the mature functional cytochrome.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL33 family.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. MOCOS subfamily.
Sulfurates the molybdenum cofactor. Sulfation of molybdenum is essential for xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and aldehyde oxidase (ADO) enzymes in which molybdenum cofactor is liganded by 1 oxygen and 1 sulfur atom in active form.
Belongs to the mannitol dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the NAD(H)-dependent interconversion of D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-mannitol 1-phosphate in the mannitol metabolic pathway.
tRNA nucleus export receptor which facilitates tRNA translocation across the nuclear pore complex. Involved in pre-tRNA splicing, probably by affecting the interaction of pre-tRNA with splicing endonuclease.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 19 family.
Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family.
Catalyzes the cleavage of glutathione into 5-oxo-L-proline and a Cys-Gly dipeptide. Acts specifically on glutathione, but not on other gamma-glutamyl peptides.
Belongs to the clathrin light chain family.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family.
Belongs to the reverse transcriptase family. Telomerase subfamily.
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. It elongates telomeres. It is a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme.
Ubiquitin ligase protein which is a component of the N-end rule pathway. Recognizes and binds to proteins bearing specific N-terminal residues that are destabilizing according to the N-end rule, leading to their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation.
Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks.
Belongs to the WD repeat DDB2/WDR76 family.
DNA-binding protein that binds to both single- and double-stranded DNA. Binds preferentially to UV-damaged DNA. May be involved in DNA-metabolic processes.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. UMP-CMP kinase subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphates at the expense of ATP. Plays an important role in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Has preference for UMP and dUMP as phosphate acceptors, but can also use CMP, dCMP and AMP.
Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon ATP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent ATP hydrolysis.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit.
Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex that is required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. The complex is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. Kae1 likely plays a direct catalytic role in this reaction, but requires other protein(s) of the complex to fulfill this activity. The EKC/KEOPS complex also promotes both telomere uncapping and telomere elongation. The complex is required for efficient recruitment of transcriptional coactivators.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2.A.17) family.
Belongs to the folylpolyglutamate synthase family.
Catalyzes conversion of folates to polyglutamate derivatives allowing concentration of folate compounds in the cell and the intracellular retention of these cofactors, which are important substrates for most of the folate-dependent enzymes that are involved in one-carbon transfer reactions involved in purine, pyrimidine and amino acid synthesis.
Higher transcript levels are detected in freshly germinated mycelium, with less expression seen in ungerminated conidia and cultures near stationary phase.
Catalyzes the hydration of cyanide to formamide. Degradation of cyanide may be important for plant pathogenic fungi in infection of cyanogenic plants.
Oligomer of dimers, forming left-handed helical fibers with a diameter of 13 nm but with lengths ranging from approximately 1 um at the leading edge of the peak to having approximately the same length and diameter at the trailing edge.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family.
Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2.A.66.1) family.
Belongs to the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit family.
The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine.
The glycine cleavage system is composed of four proteins: P, T, L and H.
Heterodimer. The mRNA-capping enzyme is composed of two separate chains alpha and beta, respectively a mRNA guanylyltransferase and an mRNA 5'-triphosphate monophosphatase.
Second step of mRNA capping. Transfer of the GMP moiety of GTP to the 5'-end of RNA via an enzyme-GMP covalent reaction intermediate.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC5 subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit.
The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment.
Belongs to the pantothenate synthetase family.
Belongs to the chorismate synthase family.
Bifunctional chorismate synthase and flavin reductase that catalyzes the conversion of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) to form chorismate, which is the last common intermediate in the synthesis of the three aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan (PubMed:7657620, PubMed:4146266, PubMed:4155270, PubMed:7947820, PubMed:7819217, PubMed:8971708, PubMed:11034781, PubMed:11526120, PubMed:17326665, PubMed:18279385, PubMed:14668332). Acts also as a flavin reductase (FR) able to generate reduced flavin mononucleotide in the presence of NADPH (PubMed:4146266, PubMed:4155270, PubMed:7947820, PubMed:8971708, PubMed:11526120, PubMed:18279385, PubMed:14668332).
NADPH binds in or near the substrate (5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate) binding site, suggesting that NADPH binding to bifunctional chorismate synthases is embedded in the general protein structure and a special NADPH binding domain is not required to generate the intrinsic oxidoreductase activity.
Belongs to the diphthine synthase family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes four methylations of the modified target histidine residue in translation elongation factor 2 (EF-2), to form an intermediate called diphthine methyl ester. The four successive methylation reactions represent the second step of diphthamide biosynthesis.
ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in mRNA splicing. May destabilize the U1/5'-splice site duplex to permit an effective competition for the 5'-splice site by the U6 snRNA, resulting in the switch between U1 and U6 at the 5'-splice site. May also act to unwind the U4/U6 base-pairing interaction in the U4/U6/U5 snRNP, facilitating the first covalent step of splicing (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX23/PRP28 subfamily.
Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family.
RNA-dependent helicase required for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of aberrant mRNAs containing premature stop codons and modulates the expression level of normal mRNAs (By similarity). Also capable of unwinding double-stranded DNA and translocating on single-stranded DNA (By similarity).
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS5 subunit family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.
Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1.A.56) family. SLC31A subfamily.
May be involved in the degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
Belongs to the peroxisomal targeting signal receptor family.
Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family.
Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.
Catalyzes the sequential condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate with the allylic pyrophosphates, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, and then with the resultant geranylpyrophosphate to the ultimate product farnesyl pyrophosphate.
Component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR). Heterodimerizes with msh-2 to form MutS beta, which binds to DNA mismatches thereby initiating DNA repair. Msh-3 provides substrate-binding and substrate specificity to the complex. When bound, the MutS beta heterodimer bends the DNA helix and shields approximately 20 base pairs. Acts mainly to repair insertion-deletion loops (IDLs) from 2 to 13 nucleotides in size, but can also repair base-base and single insertion-deletion mismatches that occur during replication. After mismatch binding, forms a ternary complex with the MutL alpha heterodimer, which is thought to be responsible for directing the downstream MMR events, including strand discrimination, excision, and resynthesis. ATP binding and hydrolysis play a pivotal role in mismatch repair functions (By similarity).
Heterodimer consisting of msh-2-msh-3 (MutS beta). Forms a ternary complex with MutL alpha (mlh-1-pms-1) (By similarity).
Belongs to the glutamate--cysteine ligase type 3 family.
Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate.
Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family.
By light; perhaps through white collar-1 (wc-1) and white collar-2 (wc-2). Also activated directly by wc-1 and wc-2.
Circadian clock component involved in the generation of biological rhythms, in particular in rhythm stability, period length, and temperature compensation. Oscillates in abundance with a daily peak early in the morning. Behaves as a negative element in circadian transcriptional loop. May bind to wc-2 protein. The complex frq-wc-2 may turn off the expression of frq.
Maintains rhythms at high temperature (30 degrees Celsius).
Maintains rhythms at lower temperature (18 degrees Celsius).
Progressive phosphorylation during the late circadian day and early night. Phosphorylation is also involved in regulating frq degradation. Phosphorylation by CKII may have at least three functions; it decreases the stability of frq, reduces the protein complex formation between frq and the white collar proteins, and is important for the closing of the Neurospora circadian negative feedback loop.
Belongs to the class-I DAHP synthase family.
Required for arginine biosynthesis. May participate in the export of matrix-made ornithine into the cytosol (Potential).
May negatively regulate the snf-1 kinase.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 3 family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the formate--tetrahydrofolate ligase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase family.
Both IUM domains are necessary for efficient binding to ubiquitin.
Component of the ESCRT-0 complex composed of hse1 and vps27.
Component of the ESCRT-0 complex which is the sorting receptor for ubiquitinated cargo proteins at the multivesicular body (MVB) and recruits ESCRT-I to the MVB outer membrane.
The FYVE domain is involved in the binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) which is required for the association to endosomal membranes.
Belongs to the glycogen debranching enzyme family.
Multifunctional enzyme acting as 1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glycosyltransferase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in glycogen degradation.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL19 family.
Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner. In the complex, it is required to stimulate activity of mtHSP70 (hsp70-5) (By similarity).
Heterodimer with un-4/pam16. Component of the PAM complex, at least composed of hsp70-5/ssc1, grpe/mge1, tim44, un-4/pam16, pam17 and tim14/pam18 (By similarity).
The J domain is essential for co-chaperone activity and mediates the heterodimerization with the J-like domain of PAM16.
Involved in the proteasome-dependent degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. EFM5 family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent protein-lysine N-methyltransferase that trimethylates elongation factor 1-alpha at 'Lys-79'.
Non-catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5' and 3' splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3' cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structural features of the tRNA body. May be required to embody the molecular ruler of the complex (By similarity).
tRNA splicing endonuclease is a heterotetramer composed of tsp-2/sen2, tsp-1/sen15, tsp-4/sen34 and tsp-5/sen54. Interacts directly with tsp-2/sen2 (By similarity).
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. Chitinase class III subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 4L family.
Has 2 AAA ATPase type nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) per monomer. ATP binding to NBD1 triggers binding of polypeptides and stimulates ATP hydrolysis at NBD2. Nucleotide binding to NBD2 is crucial for oligomerization (By similarity).
Homohexamer, forming a ring with a central pore.
Required, in concert with Hsp40 and Hsp70 and small Hsps, for the dissociation, resolubilization and refolding of aggregates of damaged proteins after heat or other environmental stresses. Extracts proteins from aggregates by unfolding and threading them in an ATP-dependent process through the axial channel of the protein hexamer, after which they can be refolded by components of the Hsp70/Hsp40 chaperone system (By similarity).
The C-terminal extension is involved in oligomerization.
Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. Glutamate--cysteine ligase light chain subfamily.
Heterodimer of a catalytic heavy chain and a regulatory light chain.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in transcription regulation. Phosphorylates the mus-8/ubc2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), leading to monoubiquitination of histone H2B and the silencing of telomeric-associated genes. Also required for histone H3 methylation. Necessary for the recovery from pheromone-induced growth arrest in the cell cycle G1 phase (By similarity).
Positive regulator of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate turnover and negatively regulates signaling through the cell integrity pathway. Involved in rDNA silencing (By similarity).
Belongs to the thioesterase PaaI family.
Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Adenylosuccinate lyase subfamily.
Homotetramer. Residues from neighboring subunits contribute catalytic and substrate-binding residues to each active site.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family.
Belongs to the TPT transporter family. SLC35D subfamily.
Involved in the import of GDP-mannose from the cytoplasm into the Golgi lumen.
Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family.
Component of the TIM23 complex, at least composed of tim23, tim17, tim50 and tim21.
Essential component of the TIM23 complex, a complex that mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Required to keep the TOM and the TIM23 complexes in close contact. At some point, it is released from the TOM23 complex to allow protein translocation into the mitochondrial matrix (By similarity).
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Plays a role in determining ER morphology.
The C4-type zinc finger motif is necessary both for its ER three-way tubular junction localization and formation.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family. ERF2/ZDHHC9 subfamily.
Palmitoyltransferase specific for Ras proteins.
Belongs to the ketopantoate reductase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.
Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl peptide bond of glutathione and glutathione conjugates.
Belongs to the spermidine/spermine synthase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS25 family.
Belongs to the Dus family. Dus3 subfamily.
Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine, a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs. Specifically modifies U47 in cytoplasmic tRNAs (By similarity). Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine in some mRNAs, thereby affecting their translation.
Binds 1 dipyrromethane group covalently.
Tetrapolymerization of the monopyrrole PBG into the hydroxymethylbilane pre-uroporphyrinogen in several discrete steps.
The porphobilinogen subunits are added to the dipyrromethan group.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the 40S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex in the cytoplasm. Is also involved in ribosome biogenesis. Associates with pre-60S subunits in the nucleus and is involved in its nuclear export.
Monomer. Associates with the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Phosphorylation at Ser-174 and Ser-175 promotes nuclear export.
Required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in mitochondrial tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. Involved in mitochondrial genome maintenance.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB3 subunit family.
Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.
Rab activation is generally mediated by a guanine exchange factor (GEF), while inactivation through hydrolysis of bound GTP is catalyzed by a GTPase activating protein (GAP).
The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. Ypt-1 regulates the trafficking of secretory vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. Plays a role in the initial events of the autophagic vacuole development which take place at specialized regions of the endoplasmic reticulum. Also involved in the recycling of membrane proteins.
Interacts with missfolded ER lumenal proteins.
Lectin involved in the quality control of the secretory pathway. As a member of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation lumenal (ERAD-L) surveillance system, targets misfolded endoplasmic reticulum lumenal glycoproteins for degradation (By similarity).
ATP-dependent DNA helicase important for chromosome transmission and normal cell cycle progression in G(2)/M (By similarity). May have a role in changing DNA topology to allow the loading of proteins involved in maintaining sister chromatid cohesion in the vicinity of the centromeres (By similarity). Has a specific role in chromosome segregation during meiosis II (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. DDX11/CHL1 sub-subfamily.
Activity is predominant during late exponential growth and at the start of the conidiation process.
Induced under stress conditions, such as H(2)O(2), paraquat, cadmium, heat shock, uric acid and nitrate treatment.
Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.
Belongs to the ribonuclease III family. Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL44 subfamily.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. mL44 forms a heterodimer with mL57 and stabilizes rRNA expansion segments 1/2 at a membrane-facing protuberance close to the point of attachment of the ribosome to the translocon in the membrane.
Has a role in the initiation of DNA replication. Required at S-phase checkpoint (By similarity).
Required for nuclear migration within hyphae during vegetative growth.
Self-associates. Interacts with nudF (nmp-1 or nmp-2) (By similarity).
Belongs to the endopolyphosphatase PPN1 family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) chains of many hundreds of phosphate residues into shorter lengths.
Processing by proteases in the vacuole may be required for activation.
Allosterically inhibited by 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS).
Catalyzes the first intracellular reaction of sulfate assimilation, forming adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS) from inorganic sulfate and ATP. Plays an important role in sulfate activation as a component of the biosynthesis pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the APS kinase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the sulfate adenylyltransferase family.
The adenylyl-sulfate kinase (APS kinase) is non-functional. It is involved in allosteric regulation by PAPS. PAPS binding induces a large rotational rearrangement of domains lowering the substrate affinity of the enzyme.
Expression is induced in the presence of quinic acid (PubMed:6458044, PubMed:17597928). The expression of qa-lf appears to be autoregulated (PubMed:2943985, PubMed:12477937).
Transcription activator; part of the qa gene cluster that mediates the catabolism of quinic acid (QA) and as such, allows the use of QA as a sole carbon source (PubMed:2525625, PubMed:123642, PubMed:6458044, PubMed:6198093). Activates the expression of qa cluster genes by binding to a 16 base-pair consensus sequence 5'-GGRTAARYRYTTAYCC-3' present in the promoters of the target genes (PubMed:2951591). Regulates its own expression (PubMed:2943985). May regulate the expression of many other genes inclusing genes with products in 8 mutually connected metabolic pathways: (1) starch and sucrose metabolism; (2) glycolysis/glucanogenesis; (3) TCA Cycle; (4) butanoate metabolism; (5) pyruvate metabolism; (6) aromatic amino acid and QA metabolism; (7) valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation; and (8) transport of sugars and amino acids (PubMed:17597928, PubMed:21695121).
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 31 family.
It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-6 is the initiator.
Belongs to the WD repeat BOP1/ERB1 family.
Belongs to the transaldolase family. Type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the non-oxidative phase in the pentose phosphate pathway. Catalyzes the reversible conversion of sedheptulose-7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into erythrose-4-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate.
May act as a negative regulator of salt tolerance.
Belongs to the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) superfamily. UNG family.
Excises uracil residues from the DNA which can arise as a result of misincorporation of dUMP residues by DNA polymerase or due to deamination of cytosine.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 10 family.
Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. GlgB subfamily.
Component of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1), a complex that is involved in endosomal cargo sorting.
Belongs to the WD repeat peroxin-7 family.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine hydroxylase family.
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of the N(6)-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine intermediate to form hypusine, an essential post-translational modification only found in mature eIF-5A factor.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family. PFA4 subfamily.
Mediates the reversible addition of palmitate to target proteins, thereby regulating their membrane association and biological function.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2B subfamily.
Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase. This subunit may have a role in the calmodulin activation of calcineurin.
Composed of two components (A and B), the A component is the catalytic subunit and the B component confers calcium sensitivity.
Involved in pre-mRNA splicing and cell cycle progression. Required for the spliceosome assembly and initiation of the DNA replication (By similarity).
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in mRNA turnover, and more specifically in mRNA decapping. Is involved in G1/S DNA-damage checkpoint recovery, probably through the regulation of the translational status of a subset of mRNAs. May also have a role in translation and mRNA nuclear export (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX6/DHH1 subfamily.
Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. Purple acid phosphatase family.
Heterohexamer; composed of 3 copies of tim9 and 3 copies of tim10, named soluble 70 kDa complex. Associates directly with the TIM22 complex, whose core is composed of tim22 and tim54. Interacts with the transmembrane regions of multi-pass transmembrane proteins in transit.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. However, during the transit of tim10 from cytoplasm into mitochondrion, the Cys residues probably coordinate zinc, thereby preventing folding and allowing its transfer across mitochondrial outer membrane (By similarity).
Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I type 2/NIF3 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family.
Belongs to the carbohydrate esterase 1 (CE1) family.
Esterase involved in the hydrolysis of xylan, a major structural heterogeneous polysaccharide found in plant biomass representing the second most abundant polysaccharide in the biosphere, after cellulose.
Catalyzes the transport of 2-oxoglutarate across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Involved in pre-mRNA splicing and cell cycle progression.
Divalent metal ions. Mg(2+) is the most effective.
Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.
Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins.
Heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha type and four PFD-beta type subunits.
Mevalonate kinase; part of the second module of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway that includes the middle steps of the pathway. The second module is carried out in the vacuole and involves the formation of farnesyl diphosphate, which is also an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone, dolichol, heme and prenylated proteins.
Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Argininosuccinate lyase subfamily.
Belongs to the nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) family. Azg-like subfamily.
Belongs to the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH.
Endoglucanase that plays an important role in biomass degradation. Binds onto plant cell walls to participate in the hydrolysis of cellulose.
The biological conversion of cellulose to glucose generally requires three types of hydrolytic enzymes: (1) Endoglucanases which cut internal beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds; (2) Exocellobiohydrolases that cut the disaccharide cellobiose from the non-reducing end of the cellulose polymer chain; (3) Beta-1,4-glucosidases which hydrolyze the cellobiose and other short cello-oligosaccharides to glucose.
For the sake of clarity sequence features are annotated only for the first chain, and are not repeated for each of the following chains.
Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity).
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL59 family.
ATP-binding RNA helicase involved in the biogenesis of 60S ribosomal subunits. Binds 90S pre-ribosomal particles and dissociates from pre-60S ribosomal particles after processing of 27SB pre-rRNA. Required for the normal formation of 18S rRNA through the processing of pre-rRNAs at sites A0, A1 and A2, and the normal formation of 25S and 5.8S rRNAs through the processing of pre-rRNAs at sites C1 and C2.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX55/SPB4 subfamily.
Component of pre-60S ribosomal complexes.
Belongs to the helicase family. SKI2 subfamily.
Belongs to the CND2 (condensin subunit 2) family.
Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. SLC24A subfamily.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Alax-L subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 72 family.
Splits internally a 1,3-beta-glucan molecule and transfers the newly generated reducing end (the donor) to the non-reducing end of another 1,3-beta-glucan molecule (the acceptor) forming a 1,3-beta linkage, resulting in the elongation of 1,3-beta-glucan chains in the cell wall.
In eukaryotes there are two forms of the enzymes: a cytosolic one and a mitochondrial one.
Probable S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that acts as a component of the wybutosine biosynthesis pathway. Wybutosine is a hyper modified guanosine with a tricyclic base found at the 3'-position adjacent to the anticodon of eukaryotic phenylalanine tRNA. May methylate the carboxyl group of leucine residues to form alpha-leucine ester residues (By similarity).
Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. SET2 subfamily.
Histone methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 'Lys-36' forming H3K36me3. Involved in transcription elongation as well as in transcription repression.
The AWS and SET domains are necessary for transcription repression.
Small GTPase required for proper localization of RNA polymerase II and III (RNAPII and RNAPIII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the ATG13 family. Fungi subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family.
Activated by C-terminal proteolytic cleavage by signaling protease (probably palB/RIM13) at neutral to alkaline ambient pH.
Binds to DNA. Interacts with palA/prr-1, which binds to the two YPX[LI] motifs and is required for proteolytic processing (By similarity).
Transcription factor that mediates regulation of both acid- and alkaline-expressed genes in response to ambient pH. At alkaline ambient pH, activates transcription of alkaline-expressed genes (including pacc-1 itself) and represses transcription of acid-expressed genes (By similarity).
Belongs to the eIF-2B gamma/epsilon subunits family.
Required for the assembly of the TOM (translocase of outer membrane) receptor complex, which is responsible for the recognition and translocation of cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins.
Mitochondrial inner membrane calcium uniporter that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria. Constitutes a pore-forming and calcium-conducting subunit. Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays key roles in cellular physiology and regulates cell bioenergetics, cytoplasmic calcium signals and activation of cell death pathways.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. ADCK protein kinase family.
Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(q) subfamily.
G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site.
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Involved in conidiation.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNAT subfamily.
Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic10 family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. ARD1 subfamily.
Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen-III synthase family.
Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex that is required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. The complex is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. Cgi121 acts as an allosteric effector that regulates the t(6)A activity of the complex. The EKC/KEOPS complex also promotes both telomere uncapping and telomere elongation. The complex is required for efficient recruitment of transcriptional coactivators. Cgi121 is not required for tRNA modification (By similarity).
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK6 subfamily.
Broad-specificity nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase that catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between nucleoside triphosphates and monophosphates. Has also ATPase activity. May be involved in rRNA maturation and transcription regulation.
Binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family. CDC42 subfamily.
Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.
ATP-binding RNA helicase involved in 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis and is required for the normal formation of 18S rRNAs through pre-rRNA processing at A0, A1 and A2 sites. Required for vegetative growth (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX49/DBP8 subfamily.
In the cytoplasm, catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, the second step in glycolysis, and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis.
Component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to TFIIK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II.
Nitrilase that hydrolyzes preferentially phenylacetonitrile, but also (R,S)-mandelonitrile, and 2-phenylpropionitrile.
Belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. This is the largest subunit of complex I and it is a component of the iron-sulfur (IP) fragment of the enzyme. It may form part of the active site crevice where NADH is oxidized.
Pathway-specific regulatory gene of nitrate assimilation; it activates the transcription of the genes for nitrate and nitrite reductases.
This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIase H subfamily.
Belongs to the tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase family.
Probably involved in the biogenesis of the COX complex.
Belongs to the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the importin beta family. Importin beta-1 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS27 family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 14 family.
Component of the 7-subunit TFIIH core complex composed of XPB/SSL2, XPD/RAD3, SSL1, TFB1, TFB2, TFB4 and TFB5, which is active in NER. The core complex associates with the 3-subunit CTD-kinase module TFIIK composed of CCL1, KIN28 and TFB3 to form the 10-subunit holoenzyme (holo-TFIIH) active in transcription.
May associate with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
mRNA-binding protein involved in proper cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria.
Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase II family.
The EMC seems to be required for efficient folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Belongs to the ketol-acid reductoisomerase family.
Ceramide-binding protein that may transfer ceramides from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to the cis-Golgi network membrane, and is thereby required for the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids.
Belongs to the 5'-3' exonuclease family. XRN2/RAT1 subfamily.
Possesses 5'->3' exoribonuclease activity. Required for the processing of nuclear mRNA and rRNA precursors. May promote termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II (By similarity).
Probable rhomboid-type serine protease that catalyzes intramembrane proteolysis.
Belongs to the heme-copper respiratory oxidase family.
Binds 2 heme A groups non-covalently per subunit.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 11 subunits. The complex is composed of a catalytic core of 3 subunits Cox1, Cox2 and Cox3, encoded in the mitochondrial DNA, and 8 supernumerary subunits Cox4, Cox5a/Cox5, Cox6, Cox7, Cox8, Cox7a/Cox9, Cox6b/Cox12 and Cox6a/Cox13, which are encoded in the nuclear genome (PubMed:31316820). The complex exists as a monomer or a dimer and forms respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), resulting in various different assemblies (supercomplexes I(1)IV(1), I(1)III(3)IV(2), III(2)IV(1) and III(2)IV(2) as well as larger supercomplexes of compositions like I(1)III(2)IV(5-6)) (PubMed:17873079).
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of Cox2 and heme A of Cox1 to the active site in Cox1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
The amino end of the mature protein may be Ser-3.
Catalyzes two activities which are involved in the cyclic version of arginine biosynthesis: the synthesis of acetylglutamate from glutamate and acetyl-CoA, and of ornithine by transacetylation between acetylornithine and glutamate.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta chain.
The alpha and beta chains are autoproteolytically processed from a single precursor protein within the mitochondrion.
This protein may be expected to contain an N-terminal transit peptide but none has been predicted.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the MoaC family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. MoaA family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase proteolipid subunit family.
Proton-conducting pore forming subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments (By similarity).
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex (components A to H) attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex (components: a, c, c', c'', d, e, f and VOA1) (By similarity). The decameric c-ring forms the proton-conducting pore, and is composed of eight proteolipid subunits c, one subunit c' and one subunit c'' (By similarity).
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. S-2-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase family.
Involved in nucleolar integrity and required for processing of the pre-rRNA for the 60S ribosome subunit.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC34/RPC39 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific peripheric component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs.
Belongs to the VEFS (VRN2-EMF2-FIS2-SU(Z)12) family.
ATP-binding RNA helicase involved in translation initiation. Remodels RNA in response to ADP and ATP concentrations by facilitating disruption, but also formation of RNA duplexes (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX3/DED1 subfamily.
Adds a myristoyl group to the N-terminal glycine residue of certain cellular proteins.
Glucosidase involved in the degradation of cellulosic biomass. Has both alpha- and beta-glucosidase activity.
Mediator of diverse signals that repress RNA polymerase III transcription. Inhibits the de novo assembly of TFIIIB onto DNA.
Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family.
A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and phospholipid.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB11 subunit family.
Belongs to the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase family. PSD-B subfamily. Eukaryotic type II sub-subfamily.
Binds 1 pyruvoyl group covalently per subunit.
Catalyzes the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) from phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Plays a central role in phospholipid metabolism and in the interorganelle trafficking of phosphatidylserine.
Heterodimer of a large membrane-associated beta subunit and a small pyruvoyl-containing alpha subunit. Interacts with pstB2. This interaction may be a means to structurally tether the donor membrane (ER) harboring PstB2 to acceptor membranes (Golgi/endosomes) harboring PSD2 during PtdSer transport to the site of PtdEtn synthesis.
Is synthesized initially as an inactive proenzyme. Formation of the active enzyme involves a self-maturation process in which the active site pyruvoyl group is generated from an internal serine residue via an autocatalytic post-translational modification. Two non-identical subunits are generated from the proenzyme in this reaction, and the pyruvate is formed at the N-terminus of the alpha chain, which is derived from the carboxyl end of the proenzyme. The autoendoproteolytic cleavage occurs by a canonical serine protease mechanism, in which the side chain hydroxyl group of the serine supplies its oxygen atom to form the C-terminus of the beta chain, while the remainder of the serine residue undergoes an oxidative deamination to produce ammonia and the pyruvoyl prosthetic group on the alpha chain. During this reaction, the Ser that is part of the protease active site of the proenzyme becomes the pyruvoyl prosthetic group, which constitutes an essential element of the active site of the mature decarboxylase.
The C2 domains have an essential, but non-catalytic function. They may facilitate interactions with other proteins and are required for lipid transport function.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. GalK subfamily.
Functions in both vacuole inheritance and protein targeting from the cytoplasm to vacuole.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 39 family.
Transfers mannose from Dol-P-mannose to Ser or Thr residues on proteins.
Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family.
Phytoene desaturase involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway (PubMed:2144609, PubMed:11017770, PubMed:18812228). Converts phytoene into 3,4-didehydrolycopene via the intermediates phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene and lycopene, by introducing up to five double bonds into phytoene (PubMed:11017770, PubMed:18812228). Is also able to desaturate 1-hydroxyneurosporene into 1-hydroxylycopene and 1-hydroxylycopene into 1-hydroxy-3,4-didehydrolycopene (PubMed:11017770). Gamma-carotene and 1,19-dihydroxylycopene are not accepted as substrates (PubMed:11017770). Neurosporaxanthin is synthesized from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) through several enzymatic activities. Phytoene synthase activity performed by the bifunctional enzyme al-2 first produces phytoene from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). The phytoene dehydrogenase al-1 then introduces 5 desaturations to lead to 3,4-didehydrolycopene via the intermediates phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene and lycopene. Al-2 cyclase activity then converts 3,4-didehydrolycopene into torulene. Al-2 can also convet lycopene into gamma-carotene which in turn is converted to beta-carotene by an additional al-2 cyclization reaction. Torulene is the substrate of the dioxidase cao-2 that breaks the molecule, removing five carbon atoms to yield beta-apo-4'-carotenal, whereas the aldehyde dehydrogenase ylo-1 mediates the last step by converting beta-apo-4'-carotenal into neurosporaxanthin (Probable).
The expression is subject to photoinduction.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B family.
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. XPG subfamily.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. However, during the transit of tim13 from cytoplasm into mitochondrion, the Cys residues probably coordinate zinc, thereby preventing folding and allowing its transfer across mitochondrial outer membrane (By similarity).
Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN).
Component of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex.
Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar4-20 subfamily.
Histone methyltransferase that trimethylates 'Lys-20' of histone H4 to form H4K20me3.
Belongs to the helicase family. UvrD subfamily.
Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGG subfamily.
Ethanolamine phosphate transferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers ethanolamine phosphate to the GPI second mannose.
Belongs to the GTR/RAG GTP-binding protein family.
GTPase involved in activation of the TORC1 signaling pathway, which promotes growth and represses autophagy in nutrient-rich conditions.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL9 family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. A homomeric c-ring of probably 10 subunits is part of the complex rotary element.
Belongs to the peroxidase family. Cytochrome c peroxidase subfamily.
Binds 1 heme b (iron(II)-protoporphyrin IX) group per subunit.
Forms a one-to-one complex with cytochrome c.
Allosteric activation by glucose-6-phosphate, and phosphorylation by a cAMP-dependent kinase.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 3 family.
Transfers the glycosyl residue from UDP-Glc to the non-reducing end of alpha-1,4-glucan. Is believed to regulate the synthesis of glycogen.
Catalyzes the trans-addition of the three molecules of IPP onto DMAPP to form geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase IV family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family.
Catalyzes the intermembrane transfer of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol.
Essential for vacuolar protein sorting. Required for vacuole biogenesis, stability and to maintain vacuole morphology.
Belongs to the sterol desaturase family.
Catalyzes the introduction of a C-5 double bond in the B ring of ergosterol. May contribute to the regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis.
The histidine box domains may contain the active site and/or be involved in metal ion binding.
Belongs to the isocitrate lyase/PEP mutase superfamily. Isocitrate lyase family.
Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family.
Catalyzes the formation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from ribose 5-phosphate (RBP), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and ammonia. The ammonia is provided by pdx-2. Can also use ribulose 5-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrates, resulting from enzyme-catalyzed isomerization of RBP and G3P, respectively. Also plays an indirect role in resistance to singlet oxygen-generating photosensitizers.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS11 family.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. NUBP2/CFD1 subfamily.
Catalyzes a syn cycloisomerization. Also possesses mle activity.
Belongs to the FIT family. Fungal FIT2B/SCS3 subfamily.
Fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) diphosphatase that hydrolyzes fatty acyl-CoA to yield acyl-4'-phosphopantetheine and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. Preferentially hydrolyzes unsaturated long-chain acyl-CoA substrates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. This catalytic activity is required for maintaining ER structure and for lipid droplets (LDs) biogenesis, which are lipid storage organelles involved in maintaining lipid and energy homeostasis. May directly bind to diacylglycerol (DAGs) and triacylglycerol, which is also important for LD biogenesis. May support directional budding of nacent LDs from the ER into the cytosol by reducing DAG levels at sites of LD formation. May play a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Involved in phospholipid biosynthesis.
Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family.
Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of polyamine biosynthesis that converts ornithine into putrescine, which is the precursor for the polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Polyamines are essential for cell proliferation and are implicated in cellular processes, ranging from DNA replication to apoptosis.
Homodimer (By similarity). Only the dimer is catalytically active, as the active sites are constructed of residues from both monomers (By similarity).
Inhibited by antizyme (AZ) OAZ1 in response to polyamine levels. AZ inhibits the assembly of the functional homodimer by binding to ODC monomers and targeting them for ubiquitin-independent proteolytic destruction by the 26S proteasome.
It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-3 is the initiator.
Activated by exposed helices in a group I intron RNA.
Acts as an RNA chaperone to resolve non-native structures formed during RNA folding to promote mitochondrial group I, but also group II, intron splicing. Functions predominantly by disrupting accessible RNA secondary structure and depends on spontaneous openings in tightly packed RNAs to gain access to RNA helices.
The C-ter region (residues 578-626) is not directly involved in DNA unwinding activity but functions by tethering cyt-19 to structured RNAs, so that it can efficiently disrupt exposed, non-native structural elements, allowing them to refold.
Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate.
FAD-linked oxidoreductase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of sordarial, a salicylic aldehyde structurally related to the phytotoxin pyriculol (PubMed:19277664, PubMed:28485098, PubMed:30908040). The most interesting aspect of this pathway is formation of an aromatic product from the highly reducing polyketide synthase srdA (PubMed:30908040). SrdA synthesizes a reduced polyketide chain from one molecule of acetyl-CoA and five molecules of malonyl-CoA (PubMed:30908040). The polyketide chain is then reductively released as an aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). The oxidoreductases srdC, srdD and srdE then oxidize one of the hydroxy groups to facilitate the intramolecular aldol condensation, followed by dehydration to yield a salicylic aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). This aldehyde can undergo facile reduction by endogenous reductases to yield the alcohol 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-pent-1,3-dienylbenzene (PubMed:30908040). The flavin-dependent srdI counteract against the propensity of the aldehydes to be reduced under physiological conditions and is responsible for reoxidizing 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-pent-1,3-dienylbenzene back to the salicylic aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). This salicylic aldehyde is then selectively epoxidized by the cupin-domain-containing oxidoreductase srdB to yield the epoxide, which can be hydrolyzed stereoselectively by the hydrolase srdG to give the final product sordarial (PubMed:30908040).
Belongs to the mitochondrial Rho GTPase family.
Mitochondrial GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking. Probably involved in control of anterograde transport of mitochondria and their subcellular distribution.
Belongs to the ERCC1/RAD10/SWI10 family.
Belongs to the AP endonuclease 2 family.
Belongs to the nitronate monooxygenase family. NMO class II subfamily.
Catalyzes the oxidation of alkyl nitronates to produce the corresponding carbonyl compounds and nitrites. Anionic forms of nitroalkanes are much better substrates than are neutral forms.
Component of the PEX13-PEX14 docking complex, a translocon channel that specifically mediates the import of peroxisomal cargo proteins bound to PEX5 receptor. The PEX13-PEX14 docking complex forms a large import pore which can be opened to a diameter of about 9 nm. Mechanistically, PEX5 receptor along with cargo proteins associates with the PEX14 subunit of the PEX13-PEX14 docking complex in the cytosol, leading to the insertion of the receptor into the organelle membrane with the concomitant translocation of the cargo into the peroxisome matrix.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL36 family.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. bL36m has a zinc binding site.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 3 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic GSH synthase family.
Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN6 subfamily.
Belongs to the MsrB Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase large chain family.
Under complex allosteric control mediated by deoxynucleoside triphosphates and ATP binding to separate specificity and activation sites on the large subunit. The type of nucleotide bound at the specificity site determines substrate preference. It seems probable that ATP makes the enzyme reduce CDP and UDP, dGTP favors ADP reduction and dTTP favors GDP reduction. Stimulated by ATP and inhibited by dATP binding to the activity site (By similarity).
Interacts with ODC and thereby sterically blocks ODC homodimerization.
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme protein that negatively regulates ODC activity and intracellular polyamine biosynthesis in response to increased intracellular polyamine levels. Binds to ODC monomers, inhibiting the assembly of the functional ODC homodimer, and targets the monomers for ubiquitin-independent proteolytic destruction by the 26S proteasome.
Belongs to the glucosamine/galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase family. 6-phosphogluconolactonase subfamily.
Hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconate.
ATPase required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cytosol. This complex then targets to the endoplasmic reticulum by membrane-bound receptors, where the tail-anchored protein is released for insertion. This process is regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis. ATP binding drives the homodimer towards the closed dimer state, facilitating recognition of newly synthesized TA membrane proteins. ATP hydrolysis is required for insertion. Subsequently, the homodimer reverts towards the open dimer state, lowering its affinity for the membrane-bound receptor, and returning it to the cytosol to initiate a new round of targeting.
Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Site 1 may preferentially bind zinc ions, while site 2 has a preference for magnesium and/or manganese ions.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.
Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity.
Belongs to the ATPase gamma chain family.
May be required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and pexophagy.
Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. In the homodimer, two zinc ions are bound between subunits.
Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC3 subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 53 family.
Component of the homotypic vacuole fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex. Component of the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complex.
Inclusion body (IB) resident protein that interacts strongly with lipid droplet (LD) proteins. Involved in LD-mediated IB clearing after protein folding stress, probably by enabling access to the IBs of an LD-stored soluble sterol derivative that acts as chaperone in inclusion clearing.
Required for vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family.
Pre-mRNA polyadenylation factor that directly interacts with poly(A) polymerase.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. DOT1 family.
Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates histone H3 to form H3K79me3. This methylation is required for telomere silencing and for the pachytene checkpoint during the meiotic cell cycle by allowing the recruitment of RAD9 to double strand breaks. Nucleosomes are preferred as substrate compared to free histone.
In contrast to other lysine histone methyltransferases, it does not contain a SET domain, suggesting the existence of another mechanism for methylation of lysine residues of histones.
Ubiquitination of histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1 is required for efficient DOT1 methyltransferase activity on histone H3.
Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. Flotillin subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family.
Could be the product of a pseudogene. Product of a duplication of 2 fragments of the ndh-2 gene in the mitochondrial DNA. These 2 fragments, which are not contiguous in the ndh-2 gene, are connected to each other by a palindromic sequence of 37 bp and together they constitute an open reading frame.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIL1 subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL21 family.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase NEP1 family.
Belongs to the RNase HII family. Eukaryotic subfamily.
Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication.
Manganese or magnesium. Binds 1 divalent metal ion per monomer in the absence of substrate. May bind a second metal ion after substrate binding.
Single strand DNA specific 5' exonuclease involved in mitochondrial DNA replication and recombination. Releases dinucleotides as main products of catalysis. Has the capacity to slide across 5'double-stranded DNA or 5'RNA sequences and resumes cutting two nucleotides downstream of the double-stranded-to-single-stranded junction or RNA-to-DNA junction, respectively.
Component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily.
MAP4K component of the MAPK pathway required for the mating pheromone response and the regulation of cell polarity and cell cycle. Phosphorylates histone H2B to form H2BS10ph (By similarity).
Involved in degradation of plant cell walls. Hydrolyzes the feruloyl-arabinose ester bond in arabinoxylans, and the feruloyl-galactose ester bond in pectin. Active against paranitrophenyl-acetate, methyl ferulate and wheat arabinoxylan.
Involved in degradation of plant cell walls. Hydrolyzes the feruloyl-arabinose ester bond in arabinoxylans as well as the feruloyl-galactose and feruloyl-arabinose ester bonds in pectin (By similarity). Active against methyl esters of ferulate (MFA), sinapate (MSA), caffeate (MCA) and p-coumarate (MpCA) (PubMed:14595525).
Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent, however specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified so far. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication.
Catalyzes the ferrous insertion into protoporphyrin IX.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 family.
Binds a dinuclear copper A center per subunit.
Belongs to the V-ATPase F subunit family.
Belongs to the gluconokinase GntK/GntV family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 5 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS29 family.
Belongs to the glutaminase PdxT/SNO family.
DNA-binding protein that induces severe bending of DNA. Required for DNA-binding by the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. The FACT complex is involved in multiple processes that require DNA as a template such as mRNA elongation, DNA replication and DNA repair. Also augments the fidelity of transcription by RNA polymerase III independently of any role in the FACT complex (By similarity).
Weakly associates with the stable heterodimer of ctc-1/pob3 and ctc-2/spt16 to form the FACT complex.
Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. KIN82 subfamily.
Controls entry of the cell into the asexual developmental program. Required to repress entry into the conidiation program.
Component of the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) or MDM complex, composed of mmm-1, mdm10, mdm12 and mdm34. A mmm-1 homodimer associates with one molecule of mdm12 on each side in a pairwise head-to-tail manner, and the SMP-LTD domains of mmm-1 and mdm12 generate a continuous hydrophobic tunnel for phospholipid trafficking.
Component of the ERMES/MDM complex, which serves as a molecular tether to connect the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Components of this complex are involved in the control of mitochondrial shape and protein biogenesis, and function in nonvesicular lipid trafficking between the ER and mitochondria. Mdm12 is required for the interaction of the ER-resident membrane protein MMM1 and the outer mitochondrial membrane-resident beta-barrel protein mdm10. The mdm12-mmm-1 subcomplex functions in the major beta-barrel assembly pathway that is responsible for biogenesis of all mitochondrial outer membrane beta-barrel proteins, and acts in a late step after the SAM complex. The mdm10-mdm12-mmm-1 subcomplex further acts in the TOM40-specific pathway after the action of the mdm12-mmm1 complex. Essential for establishing and maintaining the structure of mitochondria and maintenance of mtDNA nucleoids.
ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of misfolded and unassembled polypeptides in the peroxisomal matrix. Necessary for type 2 peroxisome targeting signal (PTS2)-containing protein processing and facilitates peroxisome matrix protein import.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL18 family.
Component of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles containing H/ACA-type snoRNAs (H/ACA snoRNPs).
Required for ribosome biogenesis. Part of a complex which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA. This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Pseudouridine ("psi") residues may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Nitrate/nitrite porter (TC 2.A.1.8) family.
Heterohexamer; composed of 3 copies of tim9 and 3 copies of tim10, named soluble 70 kDa complex. Associates with the tim22 complex, whose core is composed of tim22 and tim54. Interacts with the transmembrane regions of multi-pass transmembrane proteins in transit.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. However, during the transit of tim9 from cytoplasm into mitochondrion, the Cys residues probably coordinate zinc, thereby preventing folding and allowing its transfer across mitochondrial outer membrane (By similarity).
Belongs to the GPI inositol-deacylase family.
Involved in inositol deacylation of GPI-anchored proteins which plays important roles in the quality control and ER-associated degradation of GPI-anchored proteins.
Key component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur cluster into apoproteins specifically involved in DNA metabolism and genomic integrity. In the CIA complex, MMS19 acts as an adapter between early-acting CIA components and a subset of cellular target iron-sulfur proteins.
Sterol glycosyltransferase responsible for the glycosylation of ergosterol to form ergosterol-glucoside.
The GRAM and PH domains are required for the localization of ATG26 to the preautophagosomal structure (PAS) and are involved in autophagy (By similarity).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.
Encoded from partially processed ndh-5 mRNA that terminates with the in-frame coding sequence of the second intron.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the LAGLIDADG endonuclease family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the complex I subunit 5 family.
Mitochondrial DNA endonuclease involved in intron homing.
Probable mitochondrial mRNA stabilization factor.
Belongs to the prokaryotic/mitochondrial release factor family.
Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-II family.
Functions in the biosynthesis of the anionic phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. HMG-CoA synthase family.
Catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA.
Involved in maceration and soft-rotting of plant tissue.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. KIN-5/BimC subfamily.
Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Biotin synthase family.
Plays a role in transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.
Abolishes the production of the insecticidal furocoumarin neurosporin A (PubMed:28485098). Does not affect the fruiting body development and leads to normal fertility (PubMed:19277664).
Multidomain protein; including a ketosynthase (KS) that catalyzes repeated decarboxylative condensation to elongate the polyketide backbone; a malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MAT) that selects and transfers the extender unit malonyl-CoA; a dehydratase (DH) domain that reduces hydroxyl groups to enoyl groups; an enoyl reductase (ER) domain that reduces enoyl groups to alkyl group; a ketoreductase (KR) domain that catalyzes beta-ketoreduction steps; and an acyl-carrier protein (ACP) that serves as the tether of the growing and completed polyketide via its phosphopantetheinyl arm.
TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation. TFIIA in a complex with TBP mediates transcriptional activity.
RNA-binding component of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF) complex, which plays a key role in polyadenylation-dependent pre-mRNA 3'-end formation and cooperates with cleavage factors including the CFIA complex and hrp1/CFIB. Involved in poly(A) site recognition. May be involved in coupling transcription termination and mRNA 3'-end formation (By similarity).
Belongs to the actin family. ARP3 subfamily.
Component of the Arp2/3 complex composed.
Functions as ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Seems to contact the pointed end of the daughter actin filament (By similarity).
Belongs to the fungal Na(+)/H(+) exchanger family.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. This subunit binds ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA3 subunit family.
Belongs to the NiCoT transporter (TC 2.A.52) family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 11 (cellulase G) family.
Involved in the 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl modification (mnm(5)s(2)U34) of the wobble uridine base in mitochondrial tRNAs.
Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family.
Component of the HAT-B complex composed of at least hat-1 and hat-2. The HAT-B complex binds to histone H4 tail.
Regulatory subunit of the histone acetylase B (HAT-B) complex. The complex acetylates 'Lys-12' of histone H4 which is required for telomeric silencing.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family.
Belongs to the calcineurin regulatory subunit family.
Composed of a catalytic subunit (A) and a regulatory subunit (B).
Regulatory subunit of calcineurin, a calcium-dependent, calmodulin stimulated protein phosphatase. Confers calcium sensitivity.
This protein has four functional calcium-binding sites.
Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family. Polyprenol reductase subfamily.
Plays a key role in early steps of protein N-linked glycosylation by being required for the conversion of polyprenol into dolichol. Dolichols are required for the synthesis of dolichol-linked monosaccharides and the oligosaccharide precursor used for N-glycosylation. Acts as a polyprenol reductase that promotes the reduction of the alpha-isoprene unit of polyprenols into dolichols in a NADP-dependent mechanism.
Converts protoheme IX and farnesyl diphosphate to heme O.
Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-1 family.
Binds 1 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) per subunit.
Belongs to the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase family.
Catalytic subunit of the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase (TGT) that catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine (G) residue with queuine (Q) at position 34 (anticodon wobble position) in tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr), resulting in the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine (7-(((4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl)amino)methyl)-7-deazaguanosine). Catalysis occurs through a double-displacement mechanism. The nucleophile active site attacks the C1' of nucleotide 34 to detach the guanine base from the RNA, forming a covalent enzyme-RNA intermediate. The proton acceptor active site deprotonates the incoming queuine, allowing a nucleophilic attack on the C1' of the ribose to form the product.
In the central section; belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. CAD subfamily.
Plays a role in U6 snRNP assembly and function. Binds to the 3' end of U6 snRNA.
Cleaves proteins, imported into the mitochondrion, to their mature size. While most mitochondrial precursor proteins are processed to the mature form in one step by mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP), the sequential cleavage by MIP of an octapeptide after initial processing by MPP is a required step for a subgroup of nuclear-encoded precursor proteins destined for the matrix or the inner membrane (By similarity).
Catalytic component of the histone acetylase B (HAT-B) complex. Acetylates 'Lys-12' of histone H4 which is required for telomeric silencing. Has intrinsic substrate specificity that modifies lysine in recognition sequence GXGKXG. Involved in DNA double-strand break repair.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PDPK1 subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I 23 kDa subunit family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. May donate electrons to ubiquinone.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Phe-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit type 2 subfamily.
E2 conjugating enzyme required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Responsible for the E2-like covalent binding of phosphatidylethanolamine to the C-terminal Gly of apg-6/atg8. The atg12-apg-4/atg5 conjugate plays a role of an E3 and promotes the transfer of apg-6/atg8 from apg-3/atg3 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This step is required for the membrane association of apg-6/atg8. The formation of the apg-6/atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate is essential for autophagy and for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt). The apg-6/atg8-PE conjugate mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates membrane hemifusion, leading to expansion of the autophagosomal membrane during autophagy (By similarity).
Monomer. Interacts with apg-6/atg8 through an intermediate thioester bond through the C-terminal Gly of apg-6/atg8. Also interacts with the 40 amino acid C-terminal region of the E1-like apg-5/atg7 enzyme. Interacts also with the atg12-apg-4/atg5 conjugate.
The N-terminal region is involved in phosphatidylethanolamine-binding and is required for apg-6/atg8-PE conjugation.
The flexible region (FR) is required for apg-5/atg7-binding.
The handle region (HR) contains the apg-6/atg8 interaction motif (AIM) and mediates binding to apg-6/atg8. It is crucial for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway (By similarity).
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. NAA40 subfamily.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. Twinfilin subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.
Probable component of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway.
Protease with a carboxypeptidase B-like function involved in the C-terminal processing of the lysine and arginine residues from protein precursors. Promotes cell fusion and is involved in the programmed cell death (By similarity).
Belongs to the aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes small subunit family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. NIM1 subfamily.
Belongs to the neutral ceramidase family.
Required for multiple vacuole delivery pathways including the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy, pexophagy and endocytosis.
Lys-57 undergoes hypusination, a unique post-translational modification that consists in the addition of a butylamino group from spermidine to lysine side chain, leading to the formation of the unusual amino acid hypusine. eIF-5As are the only known proteins to undergo this modification, which is essential for their function.
Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts. Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome. Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX31/DBP7 subfamily.
Present with 1460 molecules/cell in log phase SD medium.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily.
Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Catalyzes the synthesis of 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) from succinyl-CoA and glycine, the first and rate-limiting step in heme biosynthesis.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC7 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex.
Belongs to the peptidase M28 family. M28E subfamily.
Extracellular aminopeptidase that allows assimilation of proteinaceous substrates.
Belongs to the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) (TC 2.A.105) family.
Mediates the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria.
Carbamylation allows a single lysine to coordinate two nickel ions.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Urease alpha subunit family.
Acts as component of the peripheral membrane COG complex that is involved in intra-Golgi protein trafficking. COG is located at the cis-Golgi, and regulates tethering of retrograde intra-Golgi vesicles and possibly a number of other membrane trafficking events (By similarity).
Belongs to the complex I subunit 4 family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity).
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo10/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 94 family. Cellobionic acid phosphorylase subfamily.
Catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of cellobionic acid (4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-gluconate), a probable step in cellulose degradation. May be part of a metabolic pathway where cellobionic acid is converted into alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate and D-gluconic acid to enter glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, respectively. Produces 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucuronate from alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate and D-glucuronate with low activity in the synthetic direction.
DNA polymerase II participates in chromosomal DNA replication.
Alternates between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. Activated by guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs), and inactivated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs).
Ypt/Rab-type GTPases are key regulators of membrane trafficking and intracellular vesicular transport. They act as molecular switches that convert between GTP-bound and GDP-bound states, and regulate virtually all steps of membrane traffic from the formation of the transport vesicle at the donor membrane to its fusion at the target membrane. In the GDP-bound state, Ypt proteins are predominantly cytosolic, solubilized through the interaction with a GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI). In the GTP-bound state, the proteins are membrane bound and interact with specific effector proteins that select cargo, promote vesicle movement, or verify the correct site of fusion.
Belongs to the aerobic coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase family.
Functions as a component of the DNA-binding general transcription factor complex TFIID. Binding of TFIID to a promoter (with or without TATA element) is the initial step in pre-initiation complex (PIC) formation. TFIID plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression by RNA polymerase II through different activities such as transcription activator interaction, core promoter recognition and selectivity, TFIIA and TFIIB interaction, chromatin modification (histone acetylation by TAF1), facilitation of DNA opening and initiation of transcription.
Necessary for protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Component of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex.
Transfers mannose from GDP-mannose to dolichol monophosphate to form dolichol phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) which is the mannosyl donor in pathways leading to N-glycosylation, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchoring, and O-mannosylation of proteins.
Adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) is a heterotetramer.
Part of the AP-3 complex, an adaptor-related complex which is not clathrin-associated. The complex is associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral structures. It facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane.
Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine, a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs. Specifically modifies U47 in cytoplasmic tRNAs (By similarity). Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine in some mRNAs, thereby affecting their translation (By similarity).
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. ISWI subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 1 family.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. BET3 subfamily.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. TRM7 subfamily.
Methylates the 2'-O-ribose of nucleotides at positions 32 and 34 of the tRNA anticodon loop of substrate tRNAs.
Putative RNA polymerase II subunit B1 C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase involved in RNA polymerase II transcription regulation.
Has kinase activity and phosphorylates inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5) to produce 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (InsP6), also known as phytate.
Phosphorylates Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 at position 2 to form Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6 (InsP6 or phytate).
The EXKPK motif is conserved in inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinases of both family 1 and 2.
The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Arginine methyltransferase involved in the assembly or stability of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I).
Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the DASH complex DAM1 family.
In the 2nd section; belongs to the type-I 3-dehydroquinase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the shikimate kinase family.
Part of the multisubunit TRAPP (transport protein particle) complex.
Plays a key role in the late stages of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi traffic.
Component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes (By similarity). Interacts with scon-2.
Essential component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Controls sulfur metabolite repression, probably by mediating the inactivation or degradation of the metR transcription factor (By similarity).
Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 13 family.
Component of the SRB8-11 complex, which itself associates with the Mediator complex.
Component of the SRB8-11 complex. The SRB8-11 complex is a regulatory module of the Mediator complex which is itself involved in regulation of basal and activated RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. The SRB8-11 complex may be involved in the transcriptional repression of a subset of genes regulated by Mediator. It may inhibit the association of the Mediator complex with RNA polymerase II to form the holoenzyme complex.
Required for RNA 5'- and 3'-end processing and splicing. May act on the RNA processing enzymes directly, or it may act on other regulatory molecules, which influence the activity or synthesis of these enzymes.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 12 (cellulase H) family.
Involved in amino sugar synthesis (formation of chitin, supplies the amino sugars of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins).
Involved in the retrieval of endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins from the early Golgi compartment.
Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta-synthase family.
Putative cysteine synthase that catalyzes the conversion of O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS) into cysteine, the last step in the cysteine biosynthesis pathway. However, in contrast to cysteine synthase cys-17, this CS-like protein may not function in cysteine biosynthesis.
Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). May act by forming a heterodimer with NCS6 that ligates sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position. Prior mcm(5) tRNA modification by the elongator complex is required for 2-thiolation. May also be involved in protein urmylation.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA13 subunit family.
Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis.
Component of the cytosolic Fe/S protein assembly machinery. Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins. May play a role in the transfer of pre-assembled Fe/S clusters to target apoproteins (By similarity).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL31 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily.
Required for N-linked oligosaccharide assembly. Has a role in the last step of the synthesis of the Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol core oligosaccharide on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity).
Mg(2+) is required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer.
Stabilizer subunit of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex; tethers catalytic subunit to the ER.
Negative regulator of transcription elongation.
Acts as an adapter for the XPO1/CRM1-mediated export of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the WD repeat LIS1/nudF family.
Dimerization mediated by the LisH domain may be required to activate dynein.
Positively regulates the activity of the minus-end directed microtubule motor protein dynein. May enhance dynein-mediated microtubule sliding by targeting dynein to the microtubule plus end. Required for nuclear migration during vegetative growth as well as development. Required for retrograde early endosome (EE) transport from the hyphal tip. Required for localization of dynein to the mitotic spindle poles. Recruits additional proteins to the dynein complex at SPBs.
Self-associates. Interacts with ro-11/nde1 and dynein.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity).
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS6 subunit family.
Beta-apo-4'-carotenal oxygenase involved in the last step of synthesis of neurosporaxanthin, a carboxylic apocarotenoid acting as an essential protective pigment and leading to orange pigmentation (PubMed:18627463, PubMed:18812228, PubMed:19007949). Converts the aldehyde beta-apo-4'-carotenal into neurosporaxanthin (PubMed:18627463, PubMed:18812228, PubMed:19007949). Neurosporaxanthin is synthesized from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) through several enzymatic activities. Phytoene synthase activity performed by the bifunctional enzyme al-2 first produces phytoene from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). The phytoene dehydrogenase al-1 then introduces 5 desaturations to lead to 3,4-didehydrolycopene via the intermediates phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene and lycopene. Al-2 cyclase activity then converts 3,4-didehydrolycopene into torulene. Al-2 can also convet lycopene into gamma-carotene which in turn is converted to beta-carotene by an additional al-2 cyclization reaction. Torulene is the substrate of the dioxidase cao-2 that breaks the molecule, removing five carbon atoms to yield beta-apo-4'-carotenal, whereas the aldehyde dehydrogenase ylo-1 mediates the last step by converting beta-apo-4'-carotenal into neurosporaxanthin (Probable).
Is not regulated by light unlike the genes responsible for the preceding reactions in the carotenoid pathway.
May play a role as an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase in the mitochondria.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family.
Involved in the second step of GPI biosynthesis. De-N-acetylation of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. RarA/MGS1/WRNIP1 subfamily.
Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. The NuA4 complex is also involved in DNA repair.
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent xanthine dioxygenase is a non-heme mononuclear Fe(2+) enzyme that decarboxylates alpha-ketoglutarate to succinate and CO(2) while hydroxylating xanthine to generate uric acid (PubMed:15948966). Allows xanthine utilization as a nitrogen source (PubMed:15948966).
Belongs to the SAICAR synthetase family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 1 family.
Involved in cell wall synthesis where it is required for glycosylation. Involved in cell cycle progression through cell-size checkpoint.
Belongs to the nitrite and sulfite reductase 4Fe-4S domain family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 6 family.
Necessary for protein synthesis in mitochondria. Functions as a ribosome recycling factor in mitochondria.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Kappa family.
Gasdermin-like protein involved in heterokaryon incompatibility, a process that ensures that during spontaneous vegetative cell fusion, only compatible cells from the same colony survive (non-self-recognition) (PubMed:31636083, PubMed:32703806). In N.crassa, the rcd-1 locus exists as 2 incompatible alleles, rcd-1-1 (this entry) and rcd-1-2 (AC P0DW10) (PubMed:31636083). During the allorecognition process, forms a heterooligomer with rcd-1-2, thereby forming a functional gasdermin-like complex that binds to membranes and forms pores, triggering cell death (PubMed:32703806). Binds negatively charged phospholipids, such as cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine (PubMed:32703806). Also binds to phosphoinositides, preferentially to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P), PtdIns-5-P and PtdIns-3,5-P2 (PubMed:32703806).
Heterooligomer; the heterooligomer with rcd-1-2 forms a ring-shaped pore complex when inserted in the membrane.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. SPB1 subfamily.
Component of the nucleolar and nucleoplasmic pre-60S ribosomal particle.
Required for proper assembly of pre-ribosomal particles during the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Trimethylguanosine synthase family.
Required for retention of late Golgi membrane proteins. Component of the retrieval machinery that functions by direct interaction with the cytosolic tails of certain TGN membrane proteins during the sorting/budding process at the prevacuolar compartment. Binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(P3)) (By similarity).
Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs.
Belongs to the complex I 30 kDa subunit family.
Complex I is composed of about 40 different subunits. This is a component of the iron-sulfur protein fraction.
Binds 2 heme b groups non-covalently per subunit.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c (PubMed:3015618) (Probable). Cytochrome b is a catalytic core subunit containing 2 b-type hemes BL and BH topographically segregated in the quinone reduction (Qi) and quinol oxidation (Q0) sites on opposite sides of the membrane (By similarity).
Heme 1 (or BL or b562) is low-potential and absorbs at about 562 nm, and heme 2 (or BH or b566) is high-potential and absorbs at about 566 nm.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family.
Required for efficient biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family.
Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.
Belongs to the WD repeat PROPPIN family.
Component of the PI(3,5)P2 regulatory complex.
The L/FRRG motif is essential for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) pathway, for the recruitment of apg-6/atg8 and atg16 to the PAS in nutrient-rich medium, and for its recruitment to and dissociation from the PAS under starvation conditions.
The N-terminus might form a beta-propeller domain involved in specific binding to phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), leading to the association of the protein to the membrane.
The PI(3,5)P2 regulatory complex regulates both the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2). Necessary for proper vacuole morphology. Plays an important role in osmotically-induced vacuole fragmentation. Required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation, pexophagy and starvation-induced autophagy. Involved in correct apg-7/atg9 trafficking to the pre-autophagosomal structure. Might also be involved in premeiotic DNA replication (By similarity).
Component of a fungal signal recognition particle (SRP) complex that consists of a 7SL RNA molecule (scR1) and at least six protein subunits: SRP72, SRP68, SRP54, SEC65, SRP21 and SRP14.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed to be not involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. The precise function of this subunit is unknown but believed to be important.
Complex I is composed of about 40 different subunits. Belongs to the peripheral arm of the complex, most likely the globular part.
Impairs the recruitment of hex-1 assemblies to the matrix face of the peroxisome membrane, and the subsequent production of Woronin bodies.
Self-assembles into detergent-resistant oligomers and forms a complex with hex-1 assemblies.
Woronin sorting complex protein involved in both Woronin bodies (WB) formation and inherence (PubMed:18227279). Localizes to large peroxisome membranes where it self-assembles into detergent-resistant oligomers that envelop hex-1 assemblies, producing asymmetrical nascent WBs (PubMed:18227279). These structures are then delivered to the cell cortex, which permits partitioning of the nascent WB and WB inheritance (PubMed:18227279).
Histone chaperone that facilitates histone deposition and histone exchange and removal during nucleosome assembly and disassembly.
Interacts with histone H3 and histone H4.
Component of the TIM23 complex, at least composed of tim23, tim17, tim50 and tim21 (Probable). Interacts with preproteins in transit (By similarity).
Essential component of the TIM23 complex, a complex that mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Required to direct preproteins in transit and direct them to the channel protein tim23, and possibly facilitates transfer of the translocating proteins from the TOM complex to the TIM23 complex.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA9 subunit family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolases 36 family.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 2 family.
Non-catalytic component of the proteasome.
E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 and ATG8 for its conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Autophagy is essential for maintenance of amino acid levels and protein synthesis under nitrogen starvation. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production.
E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates atg12 for its conjugation with apg-4/atg5 and apg-6/atg8 for its conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the apg-6/atg8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Autophagy is essential for maintenance of amino acid levels and protein synthesis under nitrogen starvation. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Plays a role in the regulation of filamentous growth and chronological longevity (By similarity).
The GxGxxG motif is important for the function, possibly through binding with ATP.
Chaperone required for the export of the chitin synthase chs-3 from the endoplasmic reticulum.
ATP-dependent DNA helicase involved in DNA damage repair by homologous recombination and in genome maintenance. Capable of unwinding D-loops. Plays a role in limiting crossover recombinants during mitotic DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Component of a FANCM-MHF complex which promotes gene conversion at blocked replication forks, probably by reversal of the stalled fork.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. FANCM sub-subfamily.
Interacts with the MHF histone-fold complex to form the FANCM-MHF complex.
Belongs to the DASH complex DAD1 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL67 family.
Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane (Probable). mL67/MHR1 also has extraribosomal functions, being involved in regulation of mitochondrial DNA recombination, maintenance and repair, and generation of homoplasmic cells. mL67/MHR1 also acts as transcription factor involved in regulation of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription (By similarity).
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB7 subunit family.
Component of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (mt-SSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. uS17m interacts with the F(1)-ATPase inhibitor IF(1) dimer.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.
P1 and P2 exist as dimers at the large ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 54 family.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine synthase family.
Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidative cleavage of spermidine and the subsequent transfer of the butylamine moiety of spermidine to the epsilon-amino group of a specific lysine residue of the eIF-5A precursor protein to form the intermediate deoxyhypusine residue.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit; can use either Mg(2+) or Mn(2+).
Pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes non-canonical purine nucleotides such as inosine triphosphate (ITP), deoxyinosine triphosphate (dITP) or xanthosine 5'-triphosphate (XTP) to their respective monophosphate derivatives. The enzyme does not distinguish between the deoxy- and ribose forms. Probably excludes non-canonical purines from RNA and DNA precursor pools, thus preventing their incorporation into RNA and DNA and avoiding chromosomal lesions.
Component of the RIX1 complex, composed of rrm-9/ipi1, rix1/ipi2 and ipi3 in a 1:2:2 stoichiometry. The complex interacts (via rix1) with mdn1 (via its hexameric AAA ATPase ring) and the pre-60S ribosome particles.
Activated by tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. HOG1 sub-subfamily.
Dually phosphorylated on Thr-171 and Tyr-173, which activates the enzyme (By similarity). Phosphorylation is induced by fungicides and osmotic stress.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in a signal transduction pathway that is activated by changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular environment. Controls osmotic regulation of transcription of target genes. Involved in ion flux-mediated turgor regulation.
The TXY motif contains the threonine and tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation activates the MAP kinases.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the NAD synthetase family.
Required for respiratory activity and maintenance and expression of the mitochondrial genome.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. PAN3 family.
Contains a pseudokinase domain. The protein kinase domain is predicted to be catalytically inactive because some of the residues important for catalytic activity are substituted and it lacks the equivalent of the binding site for a peptide substrate. However, it has retained an ATP-binding site and ATP-binding is required for mRNA degradation, stimulating the activity of the PAN2 nuclease in vitro (PubMed:23932717). The nucleotide-binding site is juxtaposed to the RNase active site of par-1/pan2 in the complex and may actually bind nucleosides of a poly(A) RNA rather than ATP, feeding the poly(A)-tail to the active site of the deadenylase and thus increasing the efficiency with which this distributive enzyme degrades oligo(A) RNAs (By similarity).
Homodimer. Forms a heterotrimer with a catalytic subunit par-1/pan2 to form the poly(A)-nuclease (PAN) deadenylation complex. Interacts (via PAM-2 motif) with poly(A)-binding protein pabp-1 (via PABC domain), conferring substrate specificity of the enzyme complex.
Regulatory subunit of the poly(A)-nuclease (PAN) deadenylation complex, one of two cytoplasmic mRNA deadenylases involved in mRNA turnover. PAN specifically shortens poly(A) tails of RNA and the activity is stimulated by poly(A)-binding protein pabp-1. PAN deadenylation is followed by rapid degradation of the shortened mRNA tails by the CCR4-NOT complex. Deadenylated mRNAs are then degraded by two alternative mechanisms, namely exosome-mediated 3'-5' exonucleolytic degradation, or deadenylation-dependent mRNA decaping and subsequent 5'-3' exonucleolytic degradation by rgb-30/xrn1. May also be involved in post-transcriptional maturation of mRNA poly(A) tails. par-2/pan3 acts as a positive regulator for PAN activity, recruiting the catalytic subunit par-1/pan2 to mRNA via its interaction with RNA and with pabp-1.
The N-terminal zinc finger binds to poly(A) RNA.
The pseudokinase domain, the coiled-coil (CC), and C-terminal knob domain (CK) form a structural unit (PKC) that forms an extensive high-affinity interaction surface for par-1/pan2.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1. H2BK123ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also a prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation.
Belongs to the V-ATPase C subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment. Subunit C is necessary for the assembly of the catalytic sector of the enzyme and is likely to have a specific function in its catalytic activity.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex (components A to H) attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. FDH subfamily.
Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. Formate oxidation is the final step in the methanol oxidation pathway in methylotrophic microorganisms. Has a role in the detoxification of exogenous formate in non-methylotrophic organisms.
Developmentally regulated. Expressed only during conidiation and early germination.
Converts trimethyllysine (TML) into hydroxytrimethyllysine (HTML).
Belongs to the very long-chain fatty acids dehydratase HACD family.
Catalyzes the third of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of two carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate into trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA, within each cycle of fatty acid elongation. Thereby, it participates to the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.
Belongs to the SIMIBI class G3E GTPase family. UreG subfamily.
Channel-forming protein essential for import of protein precursors into mitochondria.
Forms part of the preprotein translocase complex of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM complex) which consists of at least 8 different proteins (tom5, tom6, tom7, tom20, tom22, tom37, tom40 and tom70). Interacts with mitochondrial targeting sequences.
Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I) complex consisting of 14 subunits.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Second largest core component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Proposed to contribute to the polymerase catalytic activity and forms the polymerase active center together with the largest subunit. Pol I is composed of mobile elements and RPA2 is part of the core element with the central large cleft and probably a clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft (By similarity).
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 34 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 77 family.
Belongs to the polyprenol kinase family.
Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family.
Required for the proteolytic cleavage of the transcription factor pacc-1 in response to alkaline ambient pH.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. GMF subfamily.
Probable helicase, member of the UBC2/RAD6 epistasis group. Functions with DNA repair protein uvs-2/rad18 in error-free postreplication DNA repair. Involved in the maintenance of wild-type rates of instability of simple repetitive sequences such as poly(GT) repeats. Seems to be involved in maintaining a balance which acts in favor of error-prone non-homologous joining during DNA double-strand breaks repairs (By similarity).
Belongs to the pyridoxine kinase family.
Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules. It also functions as a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). NPC components, collectively referred to as nucleoporins (NUPs), can play the role of both NPC structural components and of docking or interaction partners for transiently associated nuclear transport factors. Nup-20/sec13 is required for efficient mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and for correct nuclear pore biogenesis and distribution (By similarity).
The COPII coat is composed of at least 5 proteins: the sec23/24 complex, the sec13/31 complex, and the protein vtr-7/sar1. Component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). NPC constitutes the exclusive means of nucleocytoplasmic transport. NPCs allow the passive diffusion of ions and small molecules and the active, nuclear transport receptor-mediated bidirectional transport of macromolecules such as proteins, RNAs, ribonucleoparticles (RNPs), and ribosomal subunits across the nuclear envelope. Due to its 8-fold rotational symmetry, all subunits are present with 8 copies or multiples thereof.
Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. The NuA4 complex is also involved in DNA repair. Yaf9 may also be required for viability in conditions in which the structural integrity of the spindle is compromised (By similarity).
The coiled-coil domain is required for assembly into the NuA4 complex.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL41 family.
Vacuolar carboxypeptidase involved in degradation of small peptides. Digests preferentially peptides containing an aliphatic or hydrophobic residue in P1' position, as well as methionine, leucine or phenylalanine in P1 position of ester substrate (By similarity).
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL61 family.
The E2 component contains covalently-bound lipoyl cofactors and it participates in the generation of acetyl groups from hydroxyethyl-thiamine pyrophosphate-E1 and their transfer to coenzyme A.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Was originally thought to be a ribosomal protein.
Belongs to the dihydrofolate reductase family.
Encoded from partially processed ndh-5 mRNA that terminates with the in-frame coding sequence of the first intron.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two-step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu).
Required for 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs.
Required for 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs. Also involved in chromosome segregation where it has a role in chromosome attachment to the mitotic spindle (By similarity).
Belongs to the acetolactate synthase small subunit family.
Interacts with pacc-1 by binding to its two YPX[LI] motifs.
Required for the proteolytic cleavage of the transcription factor pacc-1 in response to alkaline ambient pH. May act as a scaffold protein that recruits the calpain-like protease palB/cpr-8 via snf7/vps-3 to its substrate pacc-1 (By similarity).
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS37 family.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2.
Belongs to the ATPase delta chain family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain and the peripheric stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha(3)beta(3) subcomplex and subunit a/ATP6 static relative to the rotary elements (By similarity).
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 2 family.
Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde.
Belongs to the polyketide transferase af380 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. rRNA adenine N(6)-methyltransferase family.
Specifically dimethylates two adjacent adenosines in the loop of a conserved hairpin near the 3'-end of 18S rRNA in the 40S particle.
Reduces the C14=C15 double bond of 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-8,14,24-trienol to produce 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-8,24-dienol.
Recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures.
Belongs to the V-ATPase e1/e2 subunit family.
Constitutively expressed during the mycelial, conidial, and perithecial stages of the life cycle (PubMed:8913744).
Destroys the ability to make protoperithecia (female organs), but does not affect male-specific functions (PubMed:8913744).
Transcription factor that regulates asexual reproduction (PubMed:8913744, PubMed:25550299). Binds the StuA-response elements (StRE) with the consensus sequence 5'-(A/T)CGCG(T/A)N(A/C)-3' at the promoters of target genes (By similarity). Required for rapid conidial germination, normal vegetative morphology, and protoperithecium formation (PubMed:8913744).
Required for the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, the transfer of 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a histidine residue. Diphthamide is a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2 (By similarity).
The DPH-type metal-binding (MB) domain can bind either zinc or iron ions.
Belongs to the fungal cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7a family.
Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily.
3-dehydroquinate dehydratase; part of the qa gene cluster that mediates the catabolism of quinic acid (QA) and as such, allows the use of QA as a sole carbon source (PubMed:2525625, PubMed:126226, PubMed:143663, PubMed:6458044) (By similarity). Catalyzes the second reaction in the inducible quinic acid catabolic pathway by converting 3-dehydroquinate into 3-dehydroshikimate (PubMed:143663). The qa cluster encodes 3 inducible enymes (qa-2, qa-3 and qa-4) catalyzing the first three reactions in the catabolism of quinic acid to protocatechuic acid (also known as 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) (Probable).
Belongs to the type-II 3-dehydroquinase family.
Expression is induced in the presence of quinic acid (PubMed:144915, PubMed:6458044). The quinic acid (qa) gene cluster is subject to two levels of gene control: a primary system which responds to the presence of quinic acid via the qa-1S repressor protein that blocks the qa-1F activator, and a secondary system which represses transcription of qa genes in the presence of a preferred carbon source such as glucose (PubMed:6458044, PubMed:12477937, PubMed:17597928, PubMed:19236936).
Homododecamer. Adopts a ring-like structure, composed of an arrangement of two hexameric rings stacked on top of one another.
The exocyst complex is composed of sec3, sec5, sec6, sec8, sec10, sec15, exo70 and exo84.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. NOG2 subfamily.
GTPase that associates with pre-60S ribosomal subunits in the nucleolus and is required for their nuclear export and maturation.
Multiubiquitin chain receptor involved in modulation of proteasomal degradation. Involved in nucleotide excision repair.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family.
N-acetylglutamate synthase involved in arginine biosynthesis.
Involved in the early part of the secretory pathway.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Magnesium or manganese.
Catalyzes the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to formate and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL28 family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RRP8 family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that specifically methylates the N(1) position of adenine in helix 25.1 in 25S rRNA. Required both for ribosomal 40S and 60S subunits biogenesis. Required for efficient pre-rRNA cleavage at site A2.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. EgtE subfamily.
Catalyzes the conversion of hercynylcysteine sulfoxide to ergothioneine by cleaving the cysteine residue at the sulfur atom, the last step in the biosynthesis pathway of ergothioneine.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METL family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase.
Binds 1 heme c group covalently per subunit.
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL32 family.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. LDAH family.
May participate in the translocation of oligosaccharide from the cytoplasmic side to the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the DHPS family.
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis via the modulation of cell polarity development.
Forms a fork protection complex (FPC) with csm-3 and which is required for chromosome segregation during meiosis and DNA damage repair. FPC coordinates leading and lagging strand synthesis and moves with the replication fork. FPC stabilizes replication forks in a configuration that is recognized by replication checkpoint sensors (By similarity).
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. COT1 subfamily.
Produced preferentially in dark grown mycelia.
Produced preferentially in illuminated mycelia.
Protein kinase required for hyphal elongation.
Involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), pexophagy, mitophagy and nucleophagy. Recruits mitochondria for their selective degradation via autophagy (mitophagy) during starvation. Works as scaffold proteins that recruit ATG proteins to the pre-autophagosome (PAS), the site of vesicle/autophagosome formation. Required for the Cvt vesicles completion (By similarity).
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 18 family.
Component of the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) or MDM complex, composed of mmm-1, mdm10, mdm12 and mdm34.
Component of the ERMES/MDM complex, which serves as a molecular tether to connect the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Components of this complex are involved in the control of mitochondrial shape and protein biogenesis, and function in nonvesicular lipid trafficking between the ER and mitochondria. Mdm34 is required for the interaction of the ER-resident membrane protein mmm-1 and the outer mitochondrial membrane-resident beta-barrel protein mdm10.
Lacks alpha-helical transmembrane segments, suggesting that it resides in the membrane via beta-sheet conformations similar to those predicted for other outer membrane proteins and porin.
Required, together with mating-type protein A-2, for efficient ascospore formation.
Transcriptional regulator that functions in sexual development; disruption of asd-4 gene results in agenesis of ascus and ascospore with macroscopically normal fruiting body formation. The GATA-type zinc finger domain binds to DNA sequences from its own promoter region.
Belongs to the V-ATPase G subunit family.
Belongs to the UTP23/FCF1 family. FCF1 subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL49 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family.
Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) family.
Key enzyme involved in DNA replication and DNA repair. Involved in Okazaki fragments processing by cleaving long flaps that escape FEN1: flaps that are longer than 27 nucleotides are coated by replication protein A complex (RPA), leading to recruit DNA2 which cleaves the flap until it is too short to bind RPA and becomes a substrate for FEN1. Also involved in 5'-end resection of DNA during double-strand break (DSB) repair by mediating the cleavage of 5'-ssDNA.
Belongs to the LIMR family. LMBRD1 subfamily.
Probable lysosomal cobalamin transporter. Required to export cobalamin from lysosomes allowing its conversion to cofactors.
Phosphorylated in response to DNA damage.
Regulatory subunit of the slx1-slx4 structure-specific endonuclease that resolves DNA secondary structures generated during DNA repair and recombination. Has endonuclease activity towards branched DNA substrates, introducing single-strand cuts in duplex DNA close to junctions with ss-DNA.
Belongs to the fructosamine kinase family.
Heterodimer of mus-51/ku70 and mus-52/ku80.
Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase. Involved in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA double strand break repair. DNA-binding is sequence-independent but has a high affinity to nicks in double-stranded DNA and to the ends of duplex DNA. Binds to naturally occurring chromosomal ends, and therefore provides chromosomal end protection. Required also for telomere recombination to repair telomeric ends in the absence of telomerase. ku70, of the ku70/ku80 heterodimer, binds to the stem loop of tlc1, the RNA component of telomerase. Involved in telomere maintenance. Interacts with telomeric repeats and subtelomeric sequences thereby controlling telomere length and protecting against subtelomeric rearrangement. Maintains telomeric chromatin, which is involved in silencing the expression of genes located at the telomere. Required for mating-type switching (By similarity).
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIL4 subfamily.
Belongs to the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase family.
Catalyzes the activation of alpha-aminoadipate by ATP-dependent adenylation and the reduction of activated alpha-aminoadipate by NADPH. The activated alpha-aminoadipate is bound to the phosphopantheinyl group of the enzyme itself before it is reduced to (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL22 family.
Involved in vacuolar transport and vacuole pH homeostasis. Also required for cytokinesis (By similarity).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family. Ribosome biogenesis protein NSA2 subfamily.
Component of the pre-66S ribosomal particle. Interacts with nop7 and rrp1. Interacts with rsa4 (via WD repeats).
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. May play a part in the quality control of pre-60S particles (By similarity).
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family. Delta-COP subfamily.
May play a role in anterograde transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
Involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and recombination. Promotes the annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA and by stimulation of the mei-3/rad51 recombinase (By similarity).
Part of a complex that includes mei-3/rad51 and mus-11/rad52.
3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase; part of the qa gene cluster that mediates the catabolism of quinic acid (QA) and as such, allows the use of QA as a sole carbon source (PubMed:2525625, PubMed:6458044). Catalyzes the third reaction in the inducible quinic acid catabolic pathway by converting dehydroshikimate to protocatechuate (PubMed:149131). The qa cluster encodes 3 inducible enymes (qa-2, qa-3 and qa-4) catalyzing the first three reactions in the catabolism of quinic acid to protocatechuic acid (also known as 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) (Probable).
Belongs to the bacterial two-domain DSD family.
Divalent cations such as Mg(2+), but also MO(2+), Mn(2+), Ba(2+), and Co(2+) activate the enzyme, whereas monovalent cations as K(+), Na(+), and NH4(+) decrease its activity slightly.
Expression is induced in the presence of quinic acid (PubMed:6458044). The quinic acid (qa) gene cluster is subject to two levels of gene control: a primary system which responds to the presence of quinic acid via the qa-1S repressor protein that blocks the qa-1F activator, and a secondary system which represses transcription of qa genes in the presence of a preferred carbon source such as glucose (PubMed:9279395, PubMed:6458044, PubMed:12477937, PubMed:17597928, PubMed:19236936).
Belongs to the arrestin family. PalF/RIM8 subfamily.
Belongs to the GatB/GatE family. GatB subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family.
Activated by a monovalent cation that binds near, but not in, the active site. The most likely occupant of the site in vivo is potassium. Ion binding induces a conformational change that may alter substrate affinity.
Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family. Ribokinase subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of ribose at O-5 in a reaction requiring ATP and magnesium. The resulting D-ribose-5-phosphate can then be used either for sythesis of nucleotides, histidine, and tryptophan, or as a component of the pentose phosphate pathway.
Requires a divalent cation, most likely magnesium in vivo, as an electrophilic catalyst to aid phosphoryl group transfer. It is the chelate of the metal and the nucleotide that is the actual substrate.
Nuclear serine protease which mediates apoptosis.
Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent cleavage of saccharopine to L-lysine and 2-oxoglutarate, the final step in the alpha-aminoadipate (AAA) pathway for lysin biosynthesis.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.
Non-catalytic component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity (By similarity).
The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S proteasome core and two 19S regulatory subunits. The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits. The catalytic chamber with the active sites is on the inside of the barrel (By similarity).
Essential component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly machinery. Required for the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX52/ROK1 subfamily.
Interacts with the U3 snoRNA and is associated with the 90S and 40S pre-ribosomes.
Belongs to the neutral sphingomyelinase family.
Associates with the pre-60S ribosomal particle.
Component of the ribosome assembly machinery. Nuclear paralog of the ribosomal protein P0, it binds pre-60S subunits at an early stage of assembly in the nucleolus, and is replaced by P0 in cytoplasmic pre-60S subunits and mature 80S ribosomes.
Belongs to the type II topoisomerase family.
Involved in de novo synthesis of methionine.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 1 family.
ATPase component of the INO80 complex which remodels chromatin by shifting nucleosomes and is involved in DNA repair.
Component of the INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex.
The DBINO region is involved in binding to DNA.
Belongs to the nucleoporin Nup85 family.
Component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).
Functions as a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.
This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AB hydrolase 2 family.
Hydrolyzes fatty acids from S-acylated cysteine residues in proteins with a strong preference for palmitoylated G-alpha proteins over other acyl substrates. Mediates the deacylation of G-alpha proteins such as GPA1 in vivo, but has weak or no activity toward palmitoylated Ras proteins. Has weak lysophospholipase activity in vitro; however such activity may not exist in vivo.
Belongs to the carbohydrate esterase 15 (CE15) family.
Glucuronoyl esterase which may play a significant role in biomass degradation, as it is considered to disconnect hemicellulose from lignin through the hydrolysis of the ester bond between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid residues of glucuronoxylans and aromatic alcohols of lignin.
Catalyzes an early step in riboflavin biosynthesis, the NADPH-dependent reduction of the ribose side chain of 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate, yielding 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate.
Belongs to the SLC29A/ENT transporter (TC 2.A.57) family.
Belongs to the glucosamine/galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of queuosine 5'-phosphate, releasing the nucleobase queuine (q). Is required for salvage of queuine from exogenous queuosine (Q) that is imported and then converted to queuosine 5'-phosphate intracellularly.
Mannosylates Man(2)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate and Man(1)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate to form Man(3)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate.
Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
Belongs to the lysophospholipase family.
Catalyzes the release of fatty acids from lysophospholipids.
By addition of L-amino acids after nitrogen starvation, by starvation in phosphate buffer and by the addition of protein synthesis inhibitors, D-amino acids, or ATP.
Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.
Catalyzes the condensation of 2 farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) moieties to form squalene.
Catalyzes the condensation of 2 two farnesyl pyrophosphate moieties to form squalene. It is the first committed enzyme of the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Required for the biosynthesis of ergosterol (By similarity).
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS27 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks.
Allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogen catabolism, the phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate, and plays a central role in maintaining cellular and organismal glucose homeostasis.
Belongs to the glycogen phosphorylase family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific core component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs (By similarity).
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RluA family.
Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil.
Neddylation of cullins play an essential role in the regulation of SCF-type complexes activity.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. LDH family.
Belongs to the ribonuclease N1/T1 family.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 10 subunits. The complex is composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b (cob), cytochrome c1 (cyt-1) and Rieske protein (fes-1), 2 core protein subunits pep and ucr-1, and 5 low-molecular weight protein subunits qcr6, qcr7, qcr8, qcr9 and probably NCU16844/qcr10 (Probable). The complex exists as an obligatory dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), resulting in different assemblies (supercomplexes SCI(1)III(2), SCIII(2)IV(1) and SCIII(2)IV(2) as well as higher order I(x)III(y)IV(z) megacomplexes) (PubMed:17873079, PubMed:19239619).
Belongs to the MsrA Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Essential for the assembly of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase. It has a direct effect on the correct occurrence of the Rieske protein, core 4, core 5 and apocytochrome b (By similarity).
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the TrpB family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the TrpA family.
A component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III).
Required for the sorting and concentration of proteins resulting in the entry of these proteins into the invaginating vesicles of the multivesicular body (MVB). Also required for the proteolytic cleavage of the transcription factor pacc-1 in response to alkaline ambient pH (By similarity).
Component of a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex, composed of at least coq-3, coq-4, coq-5, coq-6, coq-7 and coq-9.
Component of the coenzyme Q biosynthetic pathway. May play a role in organizing a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex required for coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Required for steady-state levels of other COQ polypeptides.
Belongs to the ribose 5-phosphate isomerase family.
Lipid transfer protein required for autophagosome completion and peroxisome degradation. Tethers the edge of the isolation membrane (IM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mediates direct lipid transfer from ER to IM for IM expansion. Atg-2 binds to the ER exit site (ERES), which is the membrane source for autophagosome formation, using basic residues in its N-terminal region (NR) and to the expanding edge of the IM through its C-terminal region. The latter binding is assisted by an atg-18-PtdIns3P interaction. Atg-2 then extracts phospholipids from the membrane source using its NR and transfers them to atg-9 to the IM through its predicted beta-sheet-rich structure for membrane expansion.
Ubiquitin-protein ligase which is mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the histidinol dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Binds 2 magnesium ions. Also active with manganese.
Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. Homoserine kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 family.
Belongs to the vitamin-B12 independent methionine synthase family.
Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine resulting in methionine formation.
Belongs to the dolichyldiphosphatase family.
Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family.
Belongs to the TtcA family. CTU1/NCS6/ATPBD3 subfamily.
Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Directly binds tRNAs and probably acts by catalyzing adenylation of tRNAs, an intermediate required for 2-thiolation. It is unclear whether it acts as a sulfurtransferase that transfers sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position. Prior mcm(5) tRNA modification by the elongator complex is required for 2-thiolation. May also be involved in protein urmylation.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B family.
Belongs to the threonine synthase family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIase D subfamily.
DNA helicase which participates in several chromatin remodeling complexes, including the SWR1 and the INO80 complexes. The SWR1 complex mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. The INO80 complex remodels chromatin by shifting nucleosomes and is involved in DNA repair. Also involved in pre-rRNA processing (By similarity).
May form heterododecamers with hel-2/rvb2. Component of the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex, the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, and of the R2TP complex (By similarity).
The myosin motor domain displays actin-stimulated ATPase activity and generates a mechanochemical force.
The tail domain participates in molecular interactions that specify the role of the motor domain (By similarity). It is composed of several tail homology (TH) domains, namely a putative phospholipid-binding myosin tail domain (also named TH1), an Ala- and Pro-rich domain (TH2), followed by an SH3 domain and a C-terminal acidic domain (TH3).
Type-I myosin implicated in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Required for proper actin cytoskeleton polarization. At the cell cortex, assembles in patch-like structures together with proteins from the actin-polymerizing machinery and promotes actin assembly. Functions as actin nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) for the Arp2/3 complex (By similarity).
Non-catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5' and 3' splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3' cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structural features of the tRNA body (By similarity).
tRNA splicing endonuclease is a heterotetramer composed of tsp-2/sen2, tsp-1/sen15, tsp-4/sen34 and tsp-5/sen54. Interacts directly with tsp-4/sen34 (By similarity).
Belongs to the class II fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family.
Binds 2 Zn(2+) ions per subunit. One is catalytic and the other provides a structural contribution.
Catalyzes the aldol condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP or glycerone-phosphate) with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) in gluconeogenesis and the reverse reaction in glycolysis.
Catalyzes the oxidative ring opening of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde, which spontaneously cyclizes to quinolinate.
Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. uS11 is involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.
Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
Belongs to the lysine N(6)-hydroxylase/L-ornithine N(5)-oxygenase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.
Transcriptional coactivator that stimulates GCN4-dependent transcriptional activity by bridging the DNA-binding region of GCN4 and TBP (SPT15), thereby recruiting TBP to GCN4-bound promoters. Involved in induction of the ribosome quality control (RQC) pathway; a pathway that degrades nascent peptide chains during problematic translation. Required to prevent stalled ribosomes from frameshifting.
Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome composed of at least 40 protein subunits and snoRNA U3.
DEAD-box RNA helicase-like protein required for pre-18S rRNA processing, specifically at sites A0, A1, and A2.
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family.
Involved in post-replicative DNA-mismatch repair. Binds to mismatch-containing DNA (By similarity).
Forms a homotrimer with a solvated central pore, which is connected laterally to the cytosol through the cavity within each protomer. Acts as a lipid scramblase that uses its central pore to function: the central pore opens laterally to accommodate lipid headgroups, thereby enabling lipid flipping and redistribution of lipids added to the outer leaflet of apg-7/atg9-containing vesicles, thereby enabling growth into autophagosomes.
Homotrimer; forms a homotrimer with a central pore that forms a path between the two membrane leaflets.
Phospholipid scramblase involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Cycles between the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS) and the cytoplasmic vesicle pool and supplies membrane for the growing autophagosome. Lipid scramblase activity plays a key role in preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly by distributing the phospholipids that arrive through atg-2 from the cytoplasmic to the luminal leaflet of the bilayer, thereby driving autophagosomal membrane expansion. Required for mitophagy. Also involved in endoplasmic reticulum-specific autophagic process and is essential for the survival of cells subjected to severe ER stress. Different machineries are required for anterograde trafficking to the PAS during either the Cvt pathway or bulk autophagy and for retrograde trafficking.
Phosphorylated by apg-1. Apg-1 phosphorylation is required for preautophagosome elongation.
Belongs to the oxidase-dependent Fe transporter (OFeT) (TC 9.A.10.1) family.
Belongs to the peptidase S26 family. IMP2 subfamily.
Has a role in transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.
Belongs to the tRNA nucleotidyltransferase/poly(A) polymerase family.
Belongs to the RNA cytidine acetyltransferase family. NAT10 subfamily.
RNA cytidine acetyltransferase with specificity toward both 18S rRNA and tRNAs. Catalyzes the formation of N(4)-acetylcytidine (ac4C) in 18S rRNA. Required for early nucleolar cleavages of precursor rRNA at sites A0, A1 and A2 during 18S rRNA synthesis. Catalyzes the formation of ac4C in serine and leucine tRNAs. Requires the tRNA-binding adapter protein TAN1 for full tRNA acetyltransferase activity but not for 18S rRNA acetylation.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK2 subfamily.
Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism. Adenylate kinase activity is critical for regulation of the phosphate utilization and the AMP de novo biosynthesis pathways.
Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. TrmE GTPase family.
Non-classical phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) transfer protein (PITP), which exhibits PtdIns-binding/transfer activity in the absence of detectable PtdCho-binding/transfer activity. Regulates PtdIns(4,5)P2 homeostasis at the plasma membrane. Heme-binding protein that may play a role in organic oxidant-induced stress responses.
Belongs to the ubiquitin conjugation factor E4 family.
Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. PyrE subfamily.
Catalyzes the transfer of a ribosyl phosphate group from 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate to orotate, leading to the formation of orotidine monophosphate (OMP).
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-Y family.
Deoxycytidyl transferase involved in DNA repair. Transfers a dCMP residue from dCTP to the 3'-end of a DNA primer in a template-dependent reaction. May assist in the first step in the bypass of abasic lesions by the insertion of a nucleotide opposite the lesion. Required for normal induction of mutations by physical and chemical agents.
Belongs to the amidinotransferase family.
Binds hsp30 independent of temperature or substrate.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. YchF/OLA1 subfamily.
Hydrolyzes ATP, and can also hydrolyze GTP with lower efficiency. Has lower affinity for GTP.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL42 family.
May form heterododecamers with hel-1/rvb1. Component of the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex, the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, and of the R2TP complex (By similarity).
Functions as a nucleotide exchange factor (NEF) for Hsp70 chaperones which accelerates the release of ADP. Required for fully efficient Hsp70-mediated folding of proteins (By similarity).
Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of L-arabinitol to L-xylulose in the fungal L-arabinose catabolic pathway. L-arabinose catabolism is important for using plant material as a carbon source. Not active on D-arabinitol, D-sorbitol and D-mannitol.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily.
Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase II transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites.
Belongs to the myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase family.
Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family.
Functions in the early steps of protein synthesis of a small number of specific mRNAs. Acts by directing the binding of methionyl-tRNAi to 40S ribosomal subunits. In contrast to the eIF-2 complex, it binds methionyl-tRNAi to 40S subunits in a codon-dependent manner, whereas the eIF-2 complex binds methionyl-tRNAi to 40S subunits in a GTP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo12/eukaryotic RPC10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Encoded from partially processed ndh-4L mRNA that terminates with the in-frame coding sequence of the first intron.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the complex I subunit 4L family.
Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD Type 1 subfamily.
Involved in ribosomal large subunit assembly.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS18 family.
Appears to contain two domains of approximately equal size which are separated by a loop-like sequence.
Heterodimer of mpp (alpha) and pep (beta) subunits, forming the mitochondrial processing protease (MPP) in which mpp is involved in substrate recognition and binding and pep is the catalytic subunit.
Substrate recognition and binding subunit of the essential mitochondrial processing protease (MPP), which cleaves the mitochondrial sequence off newly imported precursors proteins.
Was originally thought to be the catalytic subunit (PubMed:2967109). The low processing activity which was previously observed with alpha-MPP which has been immunoprecipitated from a mitochondrial extract is most likely due to contamination by the beta-subunit (PubMed:8106471). Does not seem to have protease activity as it lacks the zinc-binding site.
Recruits the lipid transfer protein VPS13 to endosomal and vacuolar membranes.
Required for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly and respiration.
Probably plays a role in facilitating the assembly of multimeric protein complexes inside the ER. Is required for secretory polypeptide translocation. May physically associate with SEC63 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and this interaction may be regulated by ATP hydrolysis.
The chaperone activity is regulated by ATP-induced allosteric coupling of the nucleotide-binding (NBD) and substrate-binding (SBD) domains. In the ADP-bound and nucleotide-free (apo) states, the two domains have little interaction. In contrast, in the ATP-bound state the two domains are tightly coupled, which results in drastically accelerated kinetics in both binding and release of polypeptide substrates. J domain-containing co-chaperones stimulate the ATPase activity and are required for efficient substrate recognition.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F(1). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits.
Belongs to the ETF beta-subunit/FixA family.
Belongs to the nicotianamine synthase (NAS)-like family.
Belongs to the ATPase epsilon chain family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP turnover in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(1) domain and of the central stalk which is part of the complex rotary element. Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the HesA/MoeB/ThiF family. UBA4 subfamily.
Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Also essential during biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. Acts by mediating the C-terminal thiocarboxylation of sulfur carriers urm1 and MOCS2A. Its N-terminus first activates urm1 and MOCS2A as acyl-adenylates (-COAMP), then the persulfide sulfur on the catalytic cysteine is transferred to urm1 and MOCS2A to form thiocarboxylation (-COSH) of their C-terminus. The reaction probably involves hydrogen sulfide that is generated from the persulfide intermediate and that acts as nucleophile towards urm1 and MOCS2A. Subsequently, a transient disulfide bond is formed. Does not use thiosulfate as sulfur donor; nfs1 probably acting as a sulfur donor for thiocarboxylation reactions.
Component of the ESCRT-I complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport I), a regulator of vesicular trafficking process.
Transcription factor which regulates nonfermentable carbon utilization. Activator of gluconeogenetic genes (By similarity).
Negative regulator, together with pgov, of the transcriptional activator nuc-1, which controls the expression of phosphorous acquisition enzymes.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN5 subfamily.
Catalytic component of the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex that acts as an regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunit of SCF-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes (By similarity). The CSN complex is involved in the regulation of the circadian clock through its control of the stability of the SCF(FWD-1) complex.
The JAMM motif is essential for the protease activity of the CSN complex resulting in deneddylation of cullins. It constitutes the catalytic center of the complex (By similarity).
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx6 subfamily.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively.
Belongs to the concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) (TC 2.A.41) family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL43 family.
Catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate, which is further processed to form (S)-allantoin.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c (PubMed:3015618) (Probable). Cytochrome c1 is a catalytic core subunit containing a c-type heme. It transfers electrons from the [2Fe-2S] iron-sulfur cluster of the Rieske protein to cytochrome c (By similarity).
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. EFM4 family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent protein-lysine N-methyltransferase that mono- and dimethylates elongation factor 1-alpha at 'Lys-316'. May play a role in intracellular transport.
Involved in the secretory pathway as part of the exocyst complex which tethers secretory vesicles to the sites of exocytosis. Also plays a role in the assembly of the exocyst (By similarity).
Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. SLC25A38 subfamily.
Mitochondrial glycine transporter that imports glycine into the mitochondrial matrix. Plays an important role in providing glycine for the first enzymatic step in heme biosynthesis, the condensation of glycine with succinyl-CoA to produce 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) in the mitochondrial matrix.
Catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration. This is a prerequisite for the S-specific NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase to allow the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX.
Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. Type III PI4K subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.
Adds a GMP to the 5'-end of tRNA(His) after transcription and RNase P cleavage.
Belongs to the tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase family.
Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. uS2 is required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit (SSU). Mature N.crassa ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S small subunit contains 1 molecule of ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and at least 32 different proteins. The large 60S subunit contains 3 rRNA molecules (26S, 5.8S and 5S rRNA) and at least 42 different proteins. Interacts with rps21.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the FGAMS family.
Plays a role in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
Belongs to the IPP isomerase type 1 family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 12 family.
Component of the srb8-11 complex. The srb8-11 complex is a regulatory module of the Mediator complex which is itself involved in regulation of basal and activated RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. The srb8-11 complex may be involved in the transcriptional repression of a subset of genes regulated by Mediator. It may inhibit the association of the Mediator complex with RNA polymerase II to form the holoenzyme complex (By similarity).
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS38 family.
Belongs to the WD repeat striatin family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Peptidase M19 family.
GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; may modulate vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.
Impairs the production of neurosporaxanthin and leads to the accumulation of torulene.
The expression is subject to photoinduction in a wc-1 and wc-2 dependent manner.
Torulene dioxygenase; part of pathway that mediates the biosynthesis of neurosporaxanthin, a carboxylic apocarotenoid acting as an essential protective pigments and leading to orange pigmentation (PubMed:17610084). Cao-2 mediates the cleavage of torulene into beta-apo-4'-carotenal, the aldehyde corresponding to the acidic neurosporaxanthin (PubMed:17610084). Is not able to use gamma-carotene (that it is not desaturated at the C4'-C5' bond) as substrate, which suggests a high specificity of cao-2 in cleaving the C4'-C5' double bond (PubMed:17610084). Neurosporaxanthin is synthesized from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) through several enzymatic activities. Phytoene synthase activity performed by the bifunctional enzyme al-2 first produces phytoene from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). The phytoene dehydrogenase al-1 then introduces 5 desaturations to lead to 3,4-didehydrolycopene via the intermediates phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene and lycopene. Al-2 cyclase activity then converts 3,4-didehydrolycopene into torulene. Al-2 can also convet lycopene into gamma-carotene which in turn is converted to beta-carotene by an additional al-2 cyclization reaction. Torulene is the substrate of the dioxidase cao-2 that breaks the molecule, removing five carbon atoms to yield beta-apo-4'-carotenal, whereas the aldehyde dehydrogenase ylo-1 mediates the last step by converting beta-apo-4'-carotenal into neurosporaxanthin (Probable).
Belongs to the tRNA-intron endonuclease family.
Constitutes one of the two catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5'- and 3'-splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structural features of the tRNA body. This subunit may anchor the endonuclease complex to the nuclear membrane. Probably carries the active site for 5'-splice site cleavage (By similarity).
tRNA splicing endonuclease is a heterotetramer composed of tsp-2/sen2, tsp-1/sen15, tsp-4/sen34 and tsp-5/sen54. Interacts directly with tsp-5/sen54 (By similarity).
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I9 family.
Heterooligomeric complex of about 850 to 900 kDa that forms two stacked rings, 12 to 16 nm in diameter.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL6 family.
Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 8 family.
The seven cysteines bind six copper (cuprous) ions.
Golgi membrane protein involved in vesicular trafficking and spindle migration.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX47/RRP3 subfamily.
Required for pre-ribosomal RNA processing. Involved in the maturation of the 35S-pre-rRNA and to its cleavage to mature 18S rRNA (By similarity).
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIIa family.
Belongs to the DODA-type extradiol aromatic ring-opening dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the lysine N-acyltransferase MbtK family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.
Binds cyclosporin A (CsA). CsA mediates some of its effects via an inhibitory action on PPIase.
Produced by alternative splicing. This isoform is found in the cell following 22 hours growth in dark.
ATP-dependent RNA helicase required for ribosome biogenesis. Involved in the release of U14 snoRNA in pre-ribosomal complexes. Required for pre-rRNA cleavage at site A2 (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX10/DBP4 subfamily.
Interacts with the U3 and U14 snoRNAs. Associates with pre-ribosomal complexes (By similarity).
Component of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU). Mature N.crassa ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S small subunit contains 1 molecule of ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and at least 32 different proteins. The large 60S subunit contains 3 rRNA molecules (26S, 5.8S and 5S rRNA) and at least 42 different proteins (Probable). The acidic ribosomal P-proteins form the stalk structure of the 60S subunit. They are organized as a pentameric complex in which uL10/P0 interacts with 2 heterodimers of P1 and P2 proteins. uL10 directly interacts with 28S rRNA (By similarity).
Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. uL10 forms part of the P stalk that participates in recruiting G proteins to the ribosome.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. MtnA subfamily.
Catalyzes the interconversion of methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) into methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P).
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. NifS/IscS subfamily.
Belongs to the 5'-3' exonuclease family.
Multifunctional protein that exhibits several independent functions at different levels of the cellular processes. 5'-3' exonuclease component of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) which is a highly conserved mRNA degradation pathway, an RNA surveillance system whose role is to identify and rid cells of mRNA with premature termination codons and thus prevents accumulation of potentially harmful truncated proteins.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 8 family.
Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL32 family.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. bL32m has a zinc binding site.
May be involved in fruiting body development.
During the catalytic reaction, a sulfide is transferred from Cys-232 to a reaction intermediate, generating a dehydroalanine residue.
Homooctamer (By similarity). Interacts with cyp-41.
Involved in biosynthesis of the thiamine precursor thiazole. Catalyzes the conversion of NAD and glycine to adenosine diphosphate 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole-2-carboxylic acid (ADT), an adenylated thiazole intermediate. The reaction includes an iron-dependent sulfide transfer from a conserved cysteine residue of the protein to a thiazole intermediate. The enzyme can only undergo a single turnover, which suggests it is a suicide enzyme. May have additional roles in adaptation to various stress conditions and in DNA damage tolerance.
Repressed by thiamine, but not by thiazole. Induced by various stress conditions, including heat, cold or osmotic shock.
Belongs to the DeoC/FbaB aldolase family. DeoC type 1 subfamily.
Acts as catalytic component of the CCR4-NOT core complex, which in the nucleus seems to be a general transcription factor, and in the cytoplasm the major mRNA deadenylase involved in mRNA turnover (By similarity). Ccr4 has 3'-5' RNase activity with a strong preference for polyadenylated substrates and also low exonuclease activity towards single-stranded DNA (By similarity).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS12 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 30 family.
Partially degrades N.crassa cell wall beta-D-glucan, liberating small amounts of oligosaccharides.
This promotes the activity of RNA polymerase II.
Dioxygenase that cleaves the interphenyl C-alpha-C-beta double bond of resveratrol to yield 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (PubMed:23893079, PubMed:28493664). Cleaves also piceatannol, a compound that differs from resveratrol only in the occurrence of an additional hydroxyl group, which leads to the production of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 3,5-hydroxybenzaldehyde (PubMed:23893079, PubMed:28493664). Is not able to cleave trans-stilbene, 4-monohydroxy-trans-stilbene, 3,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (pinosylvin), trismethoxy-resveratrol, and 3,3',5-trihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (PubMed:23893079). Is not involved in carotenoid metabolism (PubMed:23893079).
Expression is induced ba resveratrol but is not dependent on light.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS28 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. MenG/UbiE family.
Methyltransferase required for the conversion of 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DDMQH2) to 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2).
Belongs to the complex I subunit 6 family.
Involved in mitochondrial or peroxisomal functions and amino acid signaling pathways.
May contain a beta-propeller domain involved in specific binding to phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), leading to the association of the protein to the membrane.
Catalyzes the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of sterols.
Belongs to the ThrE exporter (TC 2.A.79) family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL60 family.
The mature protein may arise from proteolytic cleavage of an in-frame translation of cob exon 1 plus intron 1, containing the bI1 open reading frame.
To endonucleases of group I introns of fungi and phage.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family.
Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner. In the complex, it is required to regulate activity of mtHSP70 (hsp70-5) via its interaction with tim14/pam18. May act by positioning tim14/pam18 in juxtaposition to mtHSP70 at the translocon to maximize ATPase stimulation (By similarity).
Heterodimer with tim14/pam18. Component of the PAM complex, at least composed of hsp70-5/ssc1, grpe/mge1, tim44, un-4/pam16, pam17 and tim14/pam18 (By similarity).
The J-like region, although related to the J domain does not stimulate ATPase activity of mtHSP70. It nevertheless mediates the heterodimerization with the J domain of PAM18 and is therefore essential for PAM complex function (By similarity).
Belongs to the peptidase M28 family. M28A subfamily.
Highly expressed, but only in cells subject to sulfur limitation, and it is turned on by the positive-acting 'Cys-3' sulfur regulatory protein.
Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. SLC30A subfamily.
Component of the ASTRA chromatin remodeling machinery complex.
Component of the ASTRA complex involved in chromatin remodeling.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC23 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL34 family.
Leads to hypersensitivity to azoles (PubMed:24342650). Accumulates toxic sterol 14-alpha-methyl-3,6-diol and ketoconazole in the cells (PubMed:30603874).
Transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in azole adaptive responses by regulating the drug accumulation in the cells (PubMed:24342650, PubMed:30603874). Affects the transcriptional responses to ketoconazole of many genes, including the target gene (erg11), an azole transporter gene (cdr4), a hexose transporter gene (hxt13), a stress response gene (kts-1), two transcription factor genes (named kts-2 and fsd-1/ndt80) (PubMed:24342650). Regulates also phospholipid synthesis that is not involved in azole resistance (PubMed:24342650).
Tetramer of two components I and two components II.
Trifunctional enzyme bearing the Gln amidotransferase (GATase) domain of anthranilate synthase, indole-glycerolphosphate synthase, and phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase activities.
4'-phosphopantetheine is transferred from CoA to a specific serine of apo-ACP by acpS. This modification is essential for activity because fatty acids are bound in thioester linkage to the sulfhydryl of the prosthetic group (By similarity).
Belongs to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) family.
Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis (By similarity). May be involved in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids. Accessory and non-catalytic subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), which functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain (By similarity).
Complex I is composed of about 30 different subunits.
Belongs to the SRP receptor beta subunit family.
Catalyzes the dehydration of the S-form of NAD(P)HX at the expense of ATP, which is converted to ADP. Together with NAD(P)HX epimerase, which catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms, the enzyme allows the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration.
Belongs to the STE12 transcription factor family.
Component of the TIM22 complex, whose core is composed of tim22 and tim54, associated with the 70 kDa heterohexamer composed of tim9 and tim10 (or tim8 and tim13).
Essential component of the TIM22 complex, a complex that mediates the import and insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The TIM22 complex forms a twin-pore translocase that uses the membrane potential as external driving force (By similarity).
Required for the import and folding of small cysteine-containing proteins (small Tim) in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). Forms a redox cycle with ERV1 that involves a disulfide relay system. Precursor proteins to be imported into the IMS are translocated in their reduced form into the mitochondria. The oxidized form of MIA40 forms a transient intermolecular disulfide bridge with the reduced precursor protein, resulting in oxidation of the precursor protein that now contains an intramolecular disulfide bond and is able to undergo folding in the IMS (By similarity).
The CHCH domain contains a conserved twin Cys-X(9)-Cys motif which is required for import and stability of MIA40 in mitochondria.
Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. Homocitrate synthase LYS20/LYS21 subfamily.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase type 1 subfamily.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Has a high-affinity and a low affinity metal-binding site. The true nature of the physiological cofactor is under debate. The enzyme is active with cobalt, zinc, manganese or divalent iron ions. Most likely, methionine aminopeptidases function as mononuclear Fe(2+)-metalloproteases under physiological conditions, and the catalytically relevant metal-binding site has been assigned to the histidine-containing high-affinity site.
Cotranslationally removes the N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins. The N-terminal methionine is often cleaved when the second residue in the primary sequence is small and uncharged (Met-Ala-, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr, or Val).
Membrane bound hemoprotein which function as an electron carrier for several membrane bound oxygenases.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network.
Component of centromeric nucleosomes, where DNA is wrapped around a histone octamer core. The octamer contains two molecules each of H2A, H2B, hH3v/CENPA and H4 assembled in one hH3v-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. Interacts with the inner kinetochore.
Histone H3-like nucleosomal protein that is specifically found in centromeric nucleosomes. Replaces conventional H3 in the nucleosome core of centromeric chromatin that serves as an assembly site for the inner kinetochore. Required for recruitment and assembly of kinetochore proteins, mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. May serve as an epigenetic mark that propagates centromere identity through replication and cell division (By similarity).
Ubiquitinated. Is degraded through ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis when not protected by its association to the kinetochore.
Heterodimer of wc-1 and wc-2 (Potential). Binds to DNA.
May function as a transcription factor involved in light regulation. Binds and affects blue light regulation of the al-3 gene. Wc-1 and wc-2 interact via homologous PAS domains, bind to promoters of light regulated genes such as frq, and activate transcription. May bind directly to frq.
Acts as a sulfur carrier required for molybdopterin biosynthesis. Component of the molybdopterin synthase complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group. In the complex, serves as sulfur donor by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by UBA4. After interaction with MOCS2B, the sulfur is then transferred to precursor Z to form molybdopterin.
Belongs to the MoaD family. MOCS2A subfamily.
C-terminal thiocarboxylation occurs in 2 steps, it is first acyl-adenylated (-COAMP) via the hesA/moeB/thiF part of UBA4, then thiocarboxylated (-COSH) via the rhodanese domain of UBA4.
Belongs to the type IB topoisomerase family.
Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at the specific target site 5'-[CT]CCTTp site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(3'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 5'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand thus removing DNA supercoils. Finally, in the religation step, the DNA 5'-OH attacks the covalent intermediate to expel the active-site tyrosine and restore the DNA phosphodiester backbone.
Belongs to the shaker potassium channel beta subunit family.
Component of the ESCRT-0 complex which is the sorting receptor for ubiquitinated cargo proteins at the multivesicular body (MVB).
Belongs to the scytalone dehydratase family.
Both the N-terminal and C-terminal zinc fingers are involved in DNA-binding, although the C-terminal finger plays a more important role in the binding (PubMed:10194352).
Derepresses siderophore biosynthesis in high iron concentrations (PubMed:9790585).
GATA-type transcription repressor that regulates iron- acquisition genes through specific binding the GATA sequence elements of target promoters in a zinc-dependent manner (PubMed:9790585, PubMed:10194352, PubMed:12484767). Iron acquisition regulation is critical for survival under both iron-limiting conditions (to acquire essential iron) and iron-replete conditions (to limit iron toxicity) (PubMed:10194352). Represses the synthesis of siderophores in high iron conditions (PubMed:9790585).
The conserved cystein-rich region (CRR) localized between the zinc fingers is also involved in DNA-binding and transcription repressor activity (PubMed:12484767).
The promoter contains a number of GATA sequences; however, expression occurs in a constitutive fashion and is not regulated by the concentration of iron available to the cells (PubMed:9790585).
Belongs to the V-ATPase V0D/AC39 subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments (By similarity). This subunit is a non-integral membrane component of the membrane pore domain and is required for proper assembly of the V0 sector (By similarity). Might be involved in the regulated assembly of V1 subunits onto the membrane sector or alternatively may prevent the passage of protons through V0 pores (By similarity).
May be involved in cellular response to stress. Required to maintain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity and stability (By similarity).
Belongs to the BPG-independent phosphoglycerate mutase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. RIO-type Ser/Thr kinase family.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B family.
Belongs to the DASH complex ASK1 family.
Belongs to the tRNA pseudouridine synthase TruA family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.
Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane (Probable). uS3m is essential for mitochondrial protein synthesis and required for the maturation of small ribosomal subunits (By similarity).
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family.
Encoded from partially processed cob mRNA that terminates with the in-frame coding sequence of the third intron.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the cytochrome b family.
Mitochondrial mRNA maturase required for splicing of intron 3 of the cytochrome b (cob) gene, containing its own coding sequence.
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx5 subfamily.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides.
Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family.
Cupin-domain-containing oxidoreductase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of sordarial, a salicylic aldehyde structurally related to the phytotoxin pyriculol (PubMed:19277664, PubMed:28485098, PubMed:30908040). The most interesting aspect of this pathway is formation of an aromatic product from the highly reducing polyketide synthase srdA (PubMed:30908040). SrdA synthesizes a reduced polyketide chain from one molecule of acetyl-CoA and five molecules of malonyl-CoA (PubMed:30908040). The polyketide chain is then reductively released as an aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). The oxidoreductases srdC, srdD and srdE then oxidize one of the hydroxy groups to facilitate the intramolecular aldol condensation, followed by dehydration to yield a salicylic aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). This aldehyde can undergo facile reduction by endogenous reductases to yield the alcohol 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-pent-1,3-dienylbenzene (PubMed:30908040). The flavin-dependent srdI counteract against the propensity of the aldehydes to be reduced under physiological conditions and is responsible for reoxidizing 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-pent-1,3-dienylbenzene back to the salicylic aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). This salicylic aldehyde is then selectively epoxidized by the cupin-domain-containing oxidoreductase srdB to yield the epoxide, which can be hydrolyzed stereoselectively by the hydrolase srdG to give the final product sordarial (PubMed:30908040).
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family.
Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 4 family.
Could be a pectinolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes the alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonopyranosyl glycosidic linkage by beta-elimination, thereby generating oligosaccharides terminating at the non-reducing end with a hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid residue.
Expressed preferentially during the sexual cycle and essential for normal sexual development.
Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL18 family.
Component of the PAN1 actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex required for the internalization of endosomes during actin-coupled endocytosis. The complex links the site of endocytosis to the cell membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton. Mediates uptake of external molecules and vacuolar degradation of plasma membrane proteins. Plays a role in the proper organization of the cell membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton and promotes its destabilization.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-X family.
DNA polymerase that functions in several pathways of DNA repair. Involved in base excision repair (BER) responsible for repair of lesions that give rise to abasic (AP) sites in DNA. Also contributes to DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination. Has both template-dependent and template-independent (terminal transferase) DNA polymerase activities. Has also a 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity.
Catalyzes the reduction of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (KDS) to dihydrosphingosine (DHS).
Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome composed of at least 40 protein subunits and snoRNA U3. Interacts with snoRNA U3. Interacts with MPP10, KRI1 and with ribosomal proteins RPS1A, RPS4A, RPS4B, RPS8A, RPS8B, RPS11A, RPS11B, RPS13, RPS24, RPS25, RPL4A, RPL7B, RPL8, RPL23, RPL25 and RPL28.
Required for 40S ribosome biogenesis. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly. Essential for vegetative growth.
Belongs to the NtaA/SnaA/DszA monooxygenase family.
Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein alpha subunit family.
F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments (By similarity).
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-A family.
In eukaryotes there are five DNA polymerases: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon which are responsible for different reactions of DNA synthesis.
Involved in the replication of mitochondrial DNA.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 75 family.
Chitosanase catalyzing the endo-type cleavage of chitosan, the deacylated form of chitin. Chitosanase may be crucial in the degradation of the deacetylated portion of chitin in the fungal cell wall.
Belongs to the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase iron-sulfur protein family.
Component of complex II composed of four subunits: a flavoprotein (FP), an iron-sulfur protein (IP), and a cytochrome b composed of a large and a small subunit.
Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Autoacetylation at Lys-320 is required for proper function.
Catalytic component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in epigenetic transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4, H3, H2B, H2A and H2A variant H2A.Z (By similarity). Acetylates histone H4 to form H4K5ac, H4K8ac, H4K12ac and H4K16ac, histone H3 to form H3K14ac, and histone H2A to form H2AK4ac and H2AK7ac (By similarity). The NuA4 complex is involved in the DNA damage response and is required for chromosome segregation. The NuA4 complex plays a direct role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through homologous recombination (By similarity). Recruitment to promoters depends on H3K4me. Also acetylates non-histone proteins (By similarity). In addition to protein acetyltransferase, can use different acyl-CoA substrates, such as 2-hydroxyisobutanoyl-CoA (2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA) or (2E)-butenoyl-CoA (crotonyl-CoA), and is able to mediate protein 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation and crotonylation, respectively (By similarity).
The ESA1-RPD3 motif is common to ESA1 and RPD3 and is required for ESA1 histone acetyl-transferase (HAT) activity and RPD3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity.
Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two-step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain.
Consists of three domains; the N-terminal catalytic domain, the editing domain and the C-terminal C-Ala domain. The editing domain removes incorrectly charged amino acids, while the C-Ala domain, along with tRNA(Ala), serves as a bridge to cooperatively bring together the editing and aminoacylation centers thus stimulating deacylation of misacylated tRNAs.
ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and ribosome biogenesis through rRNA processing.
Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family.
Highly specific phosphatase involved in the metabolism of ADP-ribose 1''-phosphate (Appr1p) which is produced as a consequence of tRNA splicing.
Expression is induced by ketoconazole treatment.
Increases azole susceptibility (PubMed:33199382). Reduces the transcriptional response by cdr4 to ketoconazole stress and increased cellular ketoconazole accumulation under ketoconazole stress (PubMed:33199382). Decreases the ergosterol production but accumulates lanosterol (PubMed:33199382).
Transcription factor involved in azole responses (PubMed:33199382). Positively regulates the expression of azole efflux pump cdr4 (PubMed:33199382). Also regulates the transcriptional response of the azole target gene erg11 to ketoconazole (PubMed:33199382).
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. GB1/RHD3 GTPase family. RHD3 subfamily.
Cooperates with the reticulon proteins and tubule-shaping DP1 family proteins to generate and maintain the structure of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum network. Has GTPase activity, which is required for its function in ER organization.
The COPII coat is composed of at least 5 proteins: the sec23/24 complex, the sec13/31 complex, and the protein vtr-7/sar1. Sec13 and sec31 make a 2:2 tetramer that forms the edge element of the COPII outer coat. The tetramer self-assembles in multiple copies to form the complete polyhedral cage. Interacts (via WD 8) with nup-20/sec13 (By similarity).
Accumulates when cells are arrested in G2; degraded as cells traverse mitosis.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Protein kinase that plays an important role in mitotic regulation.
Acetylated by gcn-5 to form H2BK11ac and H2BK16ac. H2BK16ac can also be formed by esa-1. Acetylation of N-terminal lysines and particularly formation of H2BK11acK16ac has a positive effect on transcription (By similarity).
Monoubiquitinated by the ubc-2-bre-1 complex to form H2BK123ub1. H2BK123ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation. H2BK123ub1 also modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis and is a prerequisite for DNA-damage checkpoint activation (By similarity).
Phosphorylated by ste-20 to form H2BS10ph during progression through meiotic prophase. May be correlated with chromosome condensation (By similarity).
Sumoylation to form H2BK6su or H2BK7su, and probably also H2BK16su or H2BK17su, occurs preferentially near the telomeres and represses gene transcription.
To ensure consistency between histone entries, we follow the 'Brno' nomenclature for histone modifications, with positions referring to those used in the literature for the 'closest' model organism. Due to slight variations in histone sequences between organisms and to the presence of initiator methionine in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot sequences, the actual positions of modified amino acids in the sequence generally differ. In this entry the following conventions are used: H2BK6ac = acetylated Lys-8; H2BK6su = sumoylated Lys-8; H2BK7ac = acetylated Lys-9; H2BK7su = sumoylated Lys-9; H2BS10ph = phosphorylated Ser-12; H2BK11ac = acetylated Lys-13; H2BK16ac = acetylated Lys-24; H2BK16su = sumoylated Lys-24; H2BK17su = sumoylated Lys-25; H2BK123ub1 = monoubiquitinated Lys-131.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo5/eukaryotic RPB5 RNA polymerase subunit family.
E3 RING-finger protein, member of the UBC2/RAD6 epistasis group. Associates to the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme mus-8/ubc2 to form the mus-8/ubc2-uvs-2/rad18 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in postreplicative repair (PRR) of damaged DNA.
Interacts with E2 mus-8/ubc2, forming a complex with ubiquitin ligase activity.
Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. SerC subfamily.
Does not affect carbon mediated repression of qa-2 and qa-y.
Part of the qa gene cluster that mediates the catabolism of quinic acid (QA) and as such, allows the use of QA as a sole carbon source (PubMed:2525625, PubMed:6458044, PubMed:19236936). Its function within the pathway has not been determined yet but it probably plays a regulatory role (PubMed:19236936). The qa cluster encodes 3 inducible enymes (qa-2, qa-3 and qa-4) catalyzing the first three reactions in the catabolism of quinic acid to protocatechuic acid (also known as 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) (Probable).
ATP-dependent RNA helicase associated with the nuclear pore complex and essential for mRNA export from the nucleus. May participate in a terminal step of mRNA export through the removal of proteins that accompany mRNA through the nucleopore complex. May also be involved in early transcription (By similarity).
Associates with the nuclear pore complex.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX19/DBP5 subfamily.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIL2 subfamily.
May catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides thereby assisting the folding of proteins. May also function as a chaperone, playing a role in intracellular transport of proteins. May also have a protein ubiquitin ligase activity acting as an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase or as a ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase promoting elongation of ubiquitin chains on proteins.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family. Pelota subfamily.
Component of the Dom34-Hbs1 complex, a complex that recognizes stalled ribosomes and triggers the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway (PubMed:20890290). In the Dom34-Hbs1 complex, dom34 recognizes ribosomes stalled at the 3' end of an mRNA and engages stalled ribosomes by destabilizing mRNA in the mRNA channel. Following ribosome-binding, the Dom34-Hbs1 complex promotes the disassembly of stalled ribosomes, followed by degradation of damaged mRNAs as part of the NGD pathway.
Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth.
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a non-competitive inhibitor that prevents formation of the closed enzyme conformation by binding to the same site as the amobile flap. In contrast, mizoribine monophosphate (MZP) is a competitive inhibitor that induces the closed conformation. MPA is a potent inhibitor of mammalian IMPDHs but a poor inhibitor of the bacterial enzymes. MZP is a more potent inhibitor of bacterial IMPDH.
Required for the function of coenzyme Q in the respiratory chain. May serve as a chaperone or may be involved in the transport of Q6 from its site of synthesis to the catalytic sites of the respiratory complexes.
SNARE required for protein transport between the ER and the Golgi complex.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S3 family.
Factor that activates the transcription of structural genes for phosphorus acquisition.
Belongs to the UPL family. K-HECT subfamily.
Belongs to the helicase family. Dicer subfamily.
Dicer-like endonuclease involved in cleaving double-stranded RNA in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Produces 21 to 25 bp dsRNAs (siRNAs) which target the selective destruction of homologous RNAs leading to sequence-specific suppression of gene expression, called post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Part of a broad host defense response against viral infection and transposons. Controls the expression of the non-LTR retrotransposon Tad in the African strain, Adiomopoume.
Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Seems to contact the mother actin filament.
Belongs to the TFIIF beta subunit family.
Essential core component of the TIM22 complex, a complex that mediates the import and insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. In the TIM22 complex, it constitutes the voltage-activated and signal-gated channel. Forms a twin-pore translocase that uses the membrane potential as external driving force in 2 voltage-dependent steps (By similarity).
Binds 1 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) non-covalently per subunit.
Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the light-dependent monomerization (300-600 nm) of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (in cis-syn configuration), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Belongs to the paxM FAD-dependent monooxygenase family.
Leads to a delay in fruiting body maturation.
Belongs to the enhancer of polycomb family.
Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. The NuA4 complex is also involved in DNA repair. Involved in gene silencing by neighboring heterochromatin, blockage of the silencing spreading along the chromosome, and required for cell cycle progression through G2/M (By similarity).
Functions as a dosage-dependent inducer in mitotic control. Tyrosine protein phosphatase required for progression of the cell cycle.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GCN5 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL13 family.
Monomer. Component of the 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase complex composed of dph1, dph2, dph3 and a NADH-dependent reductase, predominantly cbr1.
NADH-dependent reductase for dph3 and cytochrome b5. Required for the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2. Dph1 and dph2 transfer a 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl (ACP) group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to a histidine residue, the reaction is assisted by a reduction system comprising dph3 and a NADH-dependent reductase, predominantly cbr1. By reducing dph3, also involved in the formation of the tRNA wobble base modification mcm5s 2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), mediated by the elongator complex. The cytochrome b5/NADH cytochrome b5 reductase electron transfer system supports the catalytic activity of several sterol biosynthetic enzymes.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase TrmH family.
Belongs to the glutamate synthase family.
Component of the srb8-11 complex, a regulatory module of the Mediator complex.
Component of the srb8-11 complex. The srb8-11 complex is a regulatory module of the Mediator complex which is itself involved in regulation of basal and activated RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. The srb8-11 complex may be involved in the transcriptional repression of a subset of genes regulated by Mediator. It may inhibit the association of the Mediator complex with RNA polymerase II to form the holoenzyme complex. The srb8-11 complex phosphorylates the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (By similarity).
Regulatory subunit of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex; essential for the ER localization.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS4 subunit family.
Complex I is composed of about 40 different subunits. This is a component of the iron-sulfur (IP) fragment of the enzyme.
It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-14 is the initiator.
Belongs to the non-repetitive/WGA-negative nucleoporin family.
Belongs to the creA/MIG C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
Involved in carbon catabolite repression. Represses the transcription of a number of genes by binding to a GC-rich region in their promoter (By similarity).
Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family.
Mitochondrial transcription factor that confers selective promoter recognition on the core subunit of the yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase. Interacts with DNA in a non-specific manner.
Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Acetylated by esa-1 to form H2AK4ac and H2AK7ac.
Core component of nucleosome which plays a central role in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
In contrast to vertebrates and insects, its C-terminus is not monoubiquitinated.
Phosphorylated to form H2AS128ph (gamma-H2A) in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated by exogenous genotoxic agents and by stalled replication forks. Phosphorylation is dependent on the DNA damage checkpoint kinases mec-1/ATR and tel-1/ATM, spreads on either side of a detected DSB site and may mark the surrounding chromatin for recruitment of proteins required for DNA damage signaling and repair. Gamma-H2A is removed from the DNA prior to the strand invasion-primer extension step of the repair process and subsequently dephosphorylated. Dephosphorylation is necessary for efficient recovery from the DNA damage checkpoint (By similarity).
The [ST]-Q motif constitutes a recognition sequence for kinases from the PI3/PI4-kinase family.
To ensure consistency between histone entries, we follow the 'Brno' nomenclature for histone modifications, with positions referring to those used in the literature for the 'closest' model organism. Due to slight variations in histone sequences between organisms and to the presence of initiator methionine in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot sequences, the actual positions of modified amino acids in the sequence generally differ. In this entry the following conventions are used: H2AK4ac = acetylated Lys-6; H2AK7ac = acetylated Lys-10; H2AS128ph = phosphorylated Ser-131.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIIc family.
Belongs to the terpene cyclase/mutase family.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity (By similarity).
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase kinase subfamily.
Adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) is a heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins (alpha-type subunit APL3 and beta-type subunit APL1), a medium chain (mu-type subunit APM4) and a small adaptin (sigma-type subunit APS2).
Component of the adaptor complexes which link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. Clathrin-associated protein complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration (By similarity).
Molecular chaperone; assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. Known to play a role, in vitro, in the folding of actin and tubulin.
Necessary for the splicing of pre-mRNA. Has a role in the recognition of the branch site (5'-UACUAAC-3'), the pyrimidine tract and the 3'-splice site at the 3'-end of introns (By similarity).
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. MasA/MtnC family.
Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the enolization of 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P) into the intermediate 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate (HK-MTPenyl-1-P), which is then dephosphorylated to form the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene).
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 15 family.
Component of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC).
G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.
Subunit of the 26S proteasome which plays a role in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.
Binds to the immunosuppressant drug FK506.
Mediator of sterol homeostasis involved in sterol uptake, trafficking and distribution into membranes.
Regulates also the sphingolipid metabolism.
Bifunctional DNA N-glycosylase with associated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase function that catalyzes the first step in base excision repair (BER), the primary repair pathway for the repair of oxidative DNA damage. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases the damaged DNA base from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP site. The AP lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination. Primarily recognizes and repairs oxidative base damage of pyrimidines.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. NOG subfamily.
Belongs to the JHDM3 histone demethylase family.
Belongs to the phage and mitochondrial RNA polymerase family.
Involved in the catabolism of quinolinic acid (QA).
Catalyzes the SAM-dependent triple methylation of the alpha-amino group of histidine to form hercynine and subsequent conjugation with cysteine and oxygen to form hercynylcysteine sulfoxide, the first two steps in the biosynthesis pathway of ergothioneine (PubMed:22209968). Ergothioneine is an antioxidant against peroxide in conidia and contributes to conidial longevity (PubMed:22209968, PubMed:25446508).
Does not produce ergothioneine in either conidia nor mycelia.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the EgtB family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. EgtD family.
Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein beta subunit family.
Plays an essential role in initiation of the G0 program by preventing the degradation of specific nutrient-regulated mRNAs via the 5'-3' mRNA decay pathway.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine (By similarity). Phosphorylates the frq clock protein thus regulating the circadian clock (PubMed:11959847).
The Cx9C/Cx10C motifs are involved in the recognition by the mitochondrial MIA40-ERV1 disulfide relay system and the subsequent transfer of disulfide bonds by dithiol/disulfide exchange reactions to the newly imported protein.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL24 family.
Belongs to the aromatic-ring hydroxylase family. KMO subfamily.
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) to form 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (L-3OHKyn). Required for synthesis of quinolinic acid.
Nuclear chaperone required for maturation and nuclear export of pre-60S ribosome subunits.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. NTM1 family.
Required for the synthesis of 40S ribosome subunits. Has a role in processing 20S pre-rRNA into the mature 18S rRNA, where it is required for cleavage at the 3' end of the mature 18S rRNA (D-site). Accompanies the 20S pre-rRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. BUD23/WBSCR22 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 79 family.
Beta-glucuronidase that hydrolyzes beta-glucuronosyl and 4-O-methyl-beta-glucuronosyl residues of arabinogalactan-protein. Hydrolyzed heparan sulfate only very weakly. Has no activity on xylan from birchwood. Able to catalyze the transglycosylation of glucuronic acid (GlcA) residues from p-nitrophenyl-beta-glucuronic acid (PNP beta-GlcA) to various monosaccharide acceptors such as glucose, galactose and xylose.
Guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) required for the formation or budding of transport vesicles from the ER.
Mitochondrial transporter that mediates uptake of thiamine pyrophosphate (ThPP) into mitochondria.
Belongs to the complex I LYR family. SDHAF3 subfamily.
Interacts with the iron-sulfur protein subunit within the SDH catalytic dimer.
Plays an essential role in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme complex (also referred to as respiratory complex II) that is a component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and which couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) to ubiquinol. Promotes maturation of the iron-sulfur protein subunit of the SDH catalytic dimer, protecting it from the deleterious effects of oxidants. May act together with SDHAF1.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL38 family.
Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Catalytic component of the COMPASS (Set1C) complex that specifically mono-, di- and trimethylates histone H3 to form H3K4me1/2/3, which subsequently plays a role in telomere length maintenance and transcription elongation regulation.
Component of the COMPASS (Set1C) complex.
This enzyme is involved in nucleotide metabolism: it produces dUMP, the immediate precursor of thymidine nucleotides and it decreases the intracellular concentration of dUTP so that uracil cannot be incorporated into DNA.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS26 family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. Unlike bacterial L5, uL5m does not bind zinc.
Required for proper 27S pre-rRNA processing and 60S ribosome subunit assembly.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS6 family.
Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Belongs to the inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) (TC 2.A.20) family.
High-affinity transporter for external inorganic phosphate. Acts probably as a sodium-phosphate symporter. Component of the high affinity phosphate transport system II (ptsII) necessary for scavenging phosphorus from the environment under conditions of limiting phosphorus.
Impairs growth at low phosphate conditions when pho-5 is also absent. Prevents vanadate uptake.
Phosphate transport activity is competitively inhibited by vanadate and arsenate.
Transcription is controlled by the phosphorus-acquisition regulatory system.
Supercomplex made of cofactors A to E. Cofactors A and D function by capturing and stabilizing tubulin in a quasi-native conformation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state.
As part of the replication protein A (RPA/RP-A), a single-stranded DNA-binding heterotrimeric complex, may play an essential role in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, preventing complementary DNA reannealing and recruiting different proteins involved in DNA metabolism.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 1 family.
Component of the heterotrimeric canonical replication protein A complex (RPA).
Regulates the cell cycle in a nutrient dependent manner.
ATP-dependent DNA helicase important for chromosome transmission and normal cell cycle progression in G(2)/M (By similarity). May have a role in changing DNA topology to allow the loading of proteins involved in maintaining sister chromatid cohesion in the vicinity of the centromeres (By similarity). Has a specific role in chromosome segregation during meiosis II.
Belongs to the helicase family. RAD3/XPD subfamily.
First step of mRNA capping. Converts the 5'-triphosphate end of a nascent mRNA chain into a diphosphate end.
Belongs to the TFIIE beta subunit family.
Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and stimulates the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain kinase and DNA-dependent ATPase activities of TFIIH. Both TFIIH and TFIIE are required for promoter clearance by RNA polymerase.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains.
Belongs to the class VI-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. CHO2 family.
Catalyzes the first step of the methylation pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, the SAM-dependent methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME).
Component of several multiprotein Golgi SNARE complexes.
Involved in transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus as well as in intra-Golgi transport. It belongs to a super-family of proteins called t-SNAREs or soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor.
Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPA43 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS30 family.
Participates in the formation of the lipid-linked precursor oligosaccharide for N-glycosylation. Involved in assembling the dolichol-pyrophosphate-GlcNAc(2)-Man(5) intermediate on the cytoplasmic surface of the ER.
Belongs to the NFYA/HAP2 subunit family.
Component of the sequence-specific heterotrimeric transcription factor (NF-Y) which specifically recognizes a 5'-CCAAT-3' box motif found in the promoters of its target genes.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family.
Belongs to the DASH complex SPC34 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS41 family.
Involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Facilitates the cooperative formation of U2/U6 helix II in association with stem II in the spliceosome. Binds to RNA (By similarity).
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPA49/POLR1E RNA polymerase subunit family.
Highly specific D-xylulose kinase which participates in the catabolism of xylose. Xylose is a major component of hemicelluloses such as xylan. Most fungi utilize D-xylose via three enzymatic reactions, xylose reductase (XR), xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), and xylulokinase, to form xylulose 5-phosphate, which enters pentose phosphate pathway.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL21 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL19 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL36 family.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.
Belongs to the chitin synthase family. Class III subfamily.
Belongs to the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase type 1 family.
Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. Zinc binding seems to play a structural role.
Required for vesicle-mediated transport. Catalyzes the fusion of transport vesicles within the Golgi cisternae. Is also required for transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi stack. Seems to function as a fusion protein required for the delivery of cargo proteins to all compartments of the Golgi stack independent of vesicle origin.
Accumulates during conidiation but not during germination.
Belongs to the fungal hydrophobin family.
Contributes to surface hydrophobicity, which is important for processes such as association of hyphae in reproductive structures, dispersal of aerial spores and adhesion of pathogens to host structures. Important for the formation of hydrophobic rodlet layers of asexually-produced spores.
Expression is controlled by blue light and by a circadian clock. Also induced by glucose, nitrogen and carbon starvation.
Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-3 family.
Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family.
Plays essential roles in regulation of cellular metabolism by catalyzing the synthesis of a second messenger, cAMP.
Scaffold protein for the de novo synthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters within mitochondria, which is required for maturation of both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] proteins.
Second trifunctional enzyme acting on the beta-oxidation pathway for fatty acids, possessing hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase activities. Converts trans-2-enoyl-CoA via D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to 3-ketoacyl-CoA.
Transcription factor that acts as a positive regulator of nonrepressible acid phosphatase activity. Is a major regulator of responses to nitrogen and carbon starvation and is essential for the expression of genes involved in vegetative incompatibility (like pin-c, het-6, and tol). Vegetative incompatibility is a non-self-recognition system ubiquitous in filamentous fungi which results in programmed cell death.
Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family.
May have a second function in addition to protein synthesis.
Associates with the NTC complex (or PRP19-associated complex). The NTC complex associates with the spliceosome after the release of the U1 and U4 snRNAs and forms the CWC spliceosome subcomplex reminiscent of a late-stage spliceosome.
Involved in pre-mRNA splicing. May function at or prior to the first catalytic step of splicing at the catalytic center of the spliceosome. May do so by stabilizing the catalytic center or the position of the RNA substrate (By similarity).
Belongs to the protoporphyrinogen/coproporphyrinogen oxidase family. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase subfamily.
Catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to form protoporphyrin-IX.
Belongs to the nucleoporin NSP1/NUP62 family.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase eukaryotic type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM5/TYW2 family.
Specifically methylates the N1 position of guanosine-37 in various cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Methylation is not dependent on the nature of the nucleoside 5' of the target nucleoside. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of wybutosine (yW), a modified base adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs and required for accurate decoding.
Cysteine protease that plays a key role in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy by mediating both proteolytic activation and delipidation of ATG8. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. The protease activity is required for proteolytic activation of ATG8: cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 to reveal a C-terminal glycine. ATG8 ubiquitin-like activity requires the exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus for its conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and its insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. The ATG8-PE conjugate mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates membrane hemifusion, leading to expansion of the autophagosomal membrane during autophagy. In addition to the protease activity, also catalyzes deconjugation of PE-conjugated forms of ATG8 during macroautophagy: ATG8 delipidation is required to release the protein from membranes, which facilitates multiple events during macroautophagy, and especially for efficient autophagosome biogenesis, the assembly of ATG9-containing tubulovesicular clusters into phagophores/autophagosomes, and for the disassembly of PAS-associated ATG components. ATG8 delipidation by ATG4 also recycles ATG8-PE generated on inappropriate membranes to maintain a reservoir of unlipidated ATG8 that is required for autophagosome formation at the PAS.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL14 family.
Plays a central role as a glucosyl donor in cellular metabolic pathways.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase B chain family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. In yeast, the dimeric form of ATP synthase consists of 17 polypeptides: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, 4 (B), 5 (OSCP), 6 (A), 8, 9 (C), d, E (Tim11), f, g, h, i/j and k (By similarity).
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain and the peripheric stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha(3)beta(3) subcomplex and subunit a/atp6 static relative to the rotary elements (By similarity).
May mediate the reduction of outer membrane cytochrome b5.
Required for the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA. In the complex, it is required to stabilize and induce conformational changes of the catalytic subunit.
Catalyzes the transfer of a geranyl-geranyl moiety from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate to cysteines occuring in specific C-terminal amino acid sequences.
Belongs to the prephenate/arogenate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase delta/II small subunit family.
Catalyzes the transfer of a geranylgeranyl moiety from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to both cysteines of proteins with the C-terminal sequence -XXCC, -XCXC and -CCXX.
Accessory subunit of the DNA polymerase alpha complex (also known as the alpha DNA polymerase-primase complex) which plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA synthesis.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase alpha subunit B family.
Heteropentamer of subunits rfc1, rfc2, rfc3, rfc4 and rfc5 that forms a complex with PCNA in the presence of ATP.
The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and activator 1.
Interacts with eme-1 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, D-loops, replication forks and nicked Holliday junctions. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication fork intermediates. May be required in meiosis for the repair of meiosis-specific double strand breaks subsequent to single-end invasion (SEI) (By similarity).
Belongs to the FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A family.
Component of the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) or MDM complex, composed of mmm-1, mdm10, mdm12 and mdm34. Associates with the mitochondrial outer membrane sorting assembly machinery SAM(core) complex.
Component of the ERMES/MDM complex, which serves as a molecular tether to connect the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Components of this complex are involved in the control of mitochondrial shape and protein biogenesis and may function in phospholipid exchange. mdm10 is involved in the late assembly steps of the general translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM complex). Functions in the tom40-specific route of the assembly of outer membrane beta-barrel proteins, including the association of tom40 with the receptor tom22 and small TOM proteins. Can associate with the SAM(core) complex as well as the mdm12-mmm-1 complex, both involved in late steps of the major beta-barrel assembly pathway, that is responsible for biogenesis of all outer membrane beta-barrel proteins. May act as a switch that shuttles between both complexes and channels precursor proteins into the tom40-specific pathway. Plays a role in mitochondrial morphology and in the inheritance of mitochondria.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL43 family.
The GINS complex plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication. Has a role in chromosome segregation (By similarity).
Transcription elongation factor implicated in the maintenance of proper chromatin structure in actively transcribed regions.
Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.
Belongs to the dynein heavy chain family.
Consists of at least two heavy chains and a number of intermediate and light chains.
Cytoplasmic dynein acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. Dynein has ATPase activity; the force-producing power stroke is thought to occur on release of ADP. Required to maintain uniform nuclear distribution in hyphae.
Dynein heavy chains probably consist of an N-terminal stem (which binds cargo and interacts with other dynein components), and the head or motor domain. The motor contains six tandemly-linked AAA domains in the head, which form a ring. A stalk-like structure (formed by two of the coiled coil domains) protrudes between AAA 4 and AAA 5 and terminates in a microtubule-binding site. A seventh domain may also contribute to this ring; it is not clear whether the N-terminus or the C-terminus forms this extra domain. There are four well-conserved and two non-conserved ATPase sites, one per AAA domain. Probably only one of these (within AAA 1) actually hydrolyzes ATP, the others may serve a regulatory function.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS21 family.
Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family.
Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication.
Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC).
Belongs to the nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) family.
Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGN subfamily.
Ethanolamine phosphate transferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers ethanolamine phosphate to the first alpha-1,4-linked mannose of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol precursor of GPI-anchor (By similarity).
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily.
The plasma membrane ATPase of plants and fungi is a hydrogen ion pump. The proton gradient it generates drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses.
Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate.
Belongs to the WD repeat NOL10/ENP2 family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIL3 subfamily.
Interacts with the 40S ribosomal subunit.
The SUI1 domain may be involved in RNA binding.
Belongs to the WD repeat PRL1/PRL2 family.
Involved in pre-mRNA splicing and required for cell cycle progression at G2/M.
Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family.
Assembly of polyisoprenoid side chains. The polyprenyl synthase of coenzyme Q biosynthesis catalyzes the formation from isopentenyl diphosphate of all trans-polyprenyl pyrophosphates generally ranging in length of between 6 and 10 isoprene units depending on the species (By similarity).
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. METTL21 family. EFM6 subfamily.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent protein-lysine N-methyltransferase that methylates elongation factor 1-alpha.
Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. Furin subfamily.
Required for the maintenance of the structure of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Involved in mitochondrial morphology. Causes growth arrest when highly overexpressed (By similarity).
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. CWC27 subfamily.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Involved in pre-mRNA splicing (By similarity).
Binds 1 potassium ion per subunit. The potassium ion interacts primarily with the substrate.
Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. The magnesium ions interact primarily with the substrate.
Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate.
ATP-binding RNA helicase involved in mitochondrial RNA metabolism. Required for maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. MRH4 subfamily.
Associates with the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (mt-SSU). IF(1) coiled-coil forms a helical bundle with the C-terminal extension of uS17m and also binds to mS27 in the mtSSU tail. Since the C-terminal extension of uS17m stabilizing the IF(1) on the mt-SSU is specific to N.crassa, IF(1) binding might also be specific.
Endogenous F(1)F(0)-ATPase inhibitor limiting ATP depletion when the mitochondrial membrane potential falls below a threshold and the F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase starts hydrolyzing ATP to pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix. Required to avoid the consumption of cellular ATP when the F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase enzyme acts as an ATP hydrolase. Functions through inserting its N-terminal part into the catalytically active F1-ATPase, thereby blocking its rotational movement and subsequently the ATP hydrolase activity.
The inhibitory N-terminal region (residues 23-59) is entrapped between the C-terminal domains of the alpha(ADP-bound)-beta(ADP-bound) (atp1-atp2) subunits in one of the 3 catalytic interfaces of F(1)F(0)-ATPase.
Belongs to the CND3 (condensin subunit 3) family.
Acetylated once deposited into chromatin.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. H2A or its variant H2A.Z forms a heterodimer with H2B. H2A.Z associates with the vps72/swc2 subunit of the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Interacts also with rpo-9/rpb1/DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest subunit (By similarity).
Variant histone H2A which can replace H2A in some nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. This variant is enriched at promoters, it may keep them in a repressed state until the appropriate activation signal is received. Near telomeres, it may counteract gene silencing caused by the spread of heterochromatin proteins. Required for the RNA polymerase II and spt15/TBP recruitment to the target genes. Involved in chromosome stability (By similarity).
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Trm1 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL20 family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 22 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL17 family.
Belongs to the kynurenine formamidase family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-formyl-L-kynurenine to L-kynurenine, the second step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation. Kynurenine may be further oxidized to nicotinic acid, NAD(H) and NADP(H). Required for elimination of toxic metabolites.
The main chain amide nitrogen atoms of the second glycine and its adjacent residue in the HGGXW motif define the oxyanion hole, and stabilize the oxyanion that forms during the nucleophilic attack by the catalytic serine during substrate cleavage.
Belongs to the alkaline ceramidase family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A family.
Proton-conducting pore forming of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex (components A to H) attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex (components: a, c, c', c'', d, e, f and VOA1). The decameric c-ring forms the proton-conducting pore, and is composed of eight proteolipid subunits c, one subunit c' and one subunit c''.
Belongs to the peroxidase family. Peroxidase/catalase subfamily.
Bifunctional enzyme with both catalase and broad-spectrum peroxidase activity.
Binds 1 heme b (iron(II)-protoporphyrin IX) group per monomer.
Formation of the three residue Trp-Tyr-Met cross-link is important for the catalase, but not the peroxidase activity of the enzyme.
Induced in late stationary growth phase.
During prestationary growth. By ethanol and in the presence of air by heat shock. Inactivated by isopropanol and 20 mM 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.
Glycosylated; with alpha-glucose and/or alpha-mannose.
Main catalase activity in conidia, during germination of conidia, and initial growth.
Nuclease required for the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL). Acts as a 5'-3' exonuclease that anchors at a cut end of DNA and cleaves DNA successively at every third nucleotide, allowing to excise an ICL from one strand through flanking incisions.
Belongs to the VAMP-associated protein (VAP) (TC 9.B.17) family.
Belongs to the fungal surface NADase family.
Both aliphatic amines and carboxylic acids are able to inhibit non-competitively the catalytic activity (PubMed:9193681). The inhibition depends on the non-polar moiety of the substances (PubMed:9193681). Dioxane also acts as an inhibitor of NADase activity (PubMed:9193681). Auto-ADP-ribosylation acts as a mechanism of self-inactivation by its substrate (PubMed:9787786).
Conidial surface nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase that cleave NAD(+) and NADP(+) but not their reduced counterparts, NADH and NADPH (PubMed:6260480, PubMed:33712585). Lacks both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and base exchange activity and does not mediate synthesis of calcium messengers cADPR or NAADP (PubMed:33712585). Its function is correlated with aerial hyphae formation and conidiogenesis, but its physiological role is still obscure (PubMed:165174, PubMed:131723). Is able to ADP-ribosylate itself for self-inactivation (PubMed:9787786).
Does not affect the growth of aerial hyphae, conidiation or conidial germination.
Expression is up-regulated in mycelia grown in a zinc-deficient medium (PubMed:14814150). Expression is strongly induced with the formation of aerial hyphae, accumulates in conidia and decreases very fast as the mature conidia germinate (Ref.3, PubMed:4384627, PubMed:5111767, PubMed:131723). Induced by the presence of proteins in the culture medium (PubMed:6237174). Low concentrations of sucrose or glucose, Casamino acids or some amino acids such as methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine and tryptophan strongly repress the expression (PubMed:6237174).
Belongs to the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family.
Expression is regulated by the qa-1f activator.
Leads to constitutive levels of expression of the qa-2, qa-1F and qa-x genes.
The COOH-terminal region is involved in the binding to its target whereas the N-terminal region bind to the inducer.
Transcription repressor; part of the qa gene cluster that mediates the catabolism of quinic acid (QA) and as such, allows the use of QA as a sole carbon source (PubMed:2525625, PubMed:3010294, PubMed:1533844). Negatively regulates transcription of the quinate utilization pathway genes, probably via binding directly to the qa-1f activator protein (PubMed:3010294, PubMed:1533844). Probably acts as a molecular sensor that detects the presence of quinate pathway intermediates as a prerequisite for the presumed conformational changes necessary for the control of transcription regulation (PubMed:3010294).
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo3/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 9 family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. ULA1 subfamily.
Regulatory subunit of the dimeric UBA3-ULA1 E1 enzyme.
Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family.
Binds 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters per subunit. One cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane (By similarity).
Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. eL40 is essential for translation of a subset of cellular transcripts, including stress response transcripts, such as DDR2.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL40 family.
Belongs to the dynactin subunit 4 family.
Belongs to the acid sphingomyelinase family.
Acts in DNA repair and mutagenesis. Involved in promoting resistance to ionizing radiation and UV light, as well as regulating cell cycle progression after irradiation.
May be involved in vacuolar sorting and osmoregulation.
Belongs to the polyadenylate-binding protein type-1 family.
Binds the poly(A) tail of mRNA. Appears to be an important mediator of the multiple roles of the poly(A) tail in mRNA biogenesis, stability and translation. In the nucleus, involved in both mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation. Is also required for efficient mRNA export to the cytoplasm. Acts in concert with a poly(A)-specific nuclease (PAN) to affect poly(A) tail shortening, which may occur concomitantly with either nucleocytoplasmic mRNA transport or translational initiation. In the cytoplasm, stimulates translation initiation and regulates mRNA decay through translation termination-coupled poly(A) shortening, probably mediated by PAN (By similarity).
Non-catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments (By similarity).
Constitutes one of the two catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5'- and 3'-splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structural features of the tRNA body. It probably carries the active site for 3'-splice site cleavage (By similarity).
tRNA splicing endonuclease is a heterotetramer composed of tsp-2/sen2, tsp-1/sen15, tsp-4/sen34 and tsp-5/sen54. Interacts directly with tsp-1/sen15 (By similarity).
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 45 (cellulase K) family.
Belongs to the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase family. PSD-B subfamily. Eukaryotic type I sub-subfamily.
Heterodimer of a large membrane-associated beta subunit and a small pyruvoyl-containing alpha subunit.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX54/DBP10 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL39 family.
Belongs to the DASH complex DUO1 family.
Belongs to the ribonuclease III family. Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL57 subfamily.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. mL57 forms a heterodimer with mL44 and stabilizes rRNA expansion segments 1/2 at a membrane-facing protuberance close to the point of attachment of the ribosome to the translocon in the membrane.
Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 4 family.
Alpha-glucuronidase involved in the hydrolysis of xylan, a major structural heterogeneous polysaccharide found in plant biomass representing the second most abundant polysaccharide in the biosphere, after cellulose. Releases 4-O-methylglucuronic acid from xylan.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 67 family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the AIR carboxylase family. Class I subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 family.
tRNA nucleus export receptor which facilitates tRNA translocation across the nuclear pore complex. Involved in pre-tRNA splicing, probably by affecting the interaction of pre-tRNA with splicing endonuclease (By similarity).
Belongs to the DPH1/DPH2 family. DPH2 subfamily.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster per subunit. The cluster facilitates the reduction of the catalytic iron-sulfur cluster in the dph-1 subunit.
Required for the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2. Dph-1 and dph-2 transfer a 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl (ACP) group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to a histidine residue, the reaction is assisted by a reduction system comprising dph-3 and a NADH-dependent reductase, predominantly cbr-1 (By similarity). Facilitates the reduction of the catalytic iron-sulfur cluster found in the dph-1 subunit (By similarity).
Involved in concentration and sorting of cargo proteins of the multivesicular body (MVB) for incorporation into intralumenal vesicles.
Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions.
In the central section; belongs to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase family.
Decapping enzyme for NAD-capped RNAs: specifically hydrolyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cap from a subset of RNAs by removing the entire NAD moiety from the 5'-end of an NAD-capped RNA (By similarity). The NAD-cap is present at the 5'-end of some RNAs and snoRNAs. In contrast to the canonical 5'-end N7 methylguanosine (m7G) cap, the NAD cap promotes mRNA decay (By similarity). Also acts as a non-canonical decapping enzyme that removes the entire cap structure of m7G capped or incompletely capped RNAs (By similarity). Has decapping activity toward incomplete 5'-end m7G cap mRNAs such as unmethylated 5'-end-capped RNA (cap0), while it has no activity toward 2'-O-ribose methylated m7G cap (cap1) (By similarity).
Belongs to the WD repeat WDR12/YTM1 family.
Component of the NOP7 complex, composed of erb1, nop7 and ytm1. The complex is held together by erb1, which interacts with nop7 via its N-terminal domain and with ytm1 via a high-affinity interaction between the seven-bladed beta-propeller domains of the 2 proteins. The NOP7 complex associates with the 66S pre-ribosome. Interacts (via UBL domain) with rbg-35/mdn1 (via VWFA/MIDAS domain).
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 51 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS1 family.
Belongs to the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family. Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL38 subfamily.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-Z subfamily.
Belongs to the dynactin subunits 5/6 family. Dynactin subunit 5 subfamily.
Belongs to the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase family.
Has a role in a nucleosome assembly pathway that is required for the integrity of heterochromatin and proper chromosome segregation.
Belongs to the nucleoporin Nup84/Nup107 family.
Belongs to the WD repeat MDV1/CAF4 family.
Involved in mitochondrial fission. Acts as an adapter protein required to form mitochondrial fission complexes. Formation of these complexes is required to promote constriction and fission of the mitochondrial compartment at a late step in mitochondrial division (By similarity).
Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels and other proteins by Ca(2+). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases.
Trimethylation of Lys-116 observed in other calmodulins is absent here.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 38 family.
Belongs to the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C family.
Component of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP, which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA 5' splice-site and the subsequent assembly of the spliceosome. U1-C is directly involved in initial 5' splice-site recognition for both constitutive and regulated alternative splicing. The interaction with the 5' splice-site seems to precede base-pairing between the pre-mRNA and the U1 snRNA. Stimulates commitment or early (E) complex formation by stabilizing the base pairing of the 5' end of the U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region.
U1 snRNP is composed of the 7 core Sm proteins B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F and G that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP, and at least 3 U1 snRNP-specific proteins U1-70K, U1-A and U1-C. U1-C interacts with U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region of the pre-mRNA.
Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.
Belongs to the actin family. ARP1 subfamily.
Involved in nuclear migration. May function as a component of the dynactin complex which activates force generation by cytoplasmic dynein.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB4 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the TAF9 family. CENP-S/MHF1 subfamily.
Required for proper folding and/or the stability of a subset of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase 1 which transfers the first of the 4 mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursors during GPI-anchor biosynthesis. Probably acts by stabilizing the mannosyltransferase gim-1/gpi14 (By similarity).
Belongs to the alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase family.
Vacuolar effluxer which mediate the efflux of amino acids resulting from autophagic degradation. The release of autophagic amino acids allows the maintenance of protein synthesis and viability during nitrogen starvation (By similarity).
Has a dual role in the assembly of mitochondrial ATPase. Acts as a protease that removes N-terminal residues of mitochondrial ATPase CF(0) subunit 6 at the intermembrane space side. Also involved in the correct assembly of the membrane-embedded ATPase CF(0) particle, probably mediating association of subunit 6 with the subunit 9 ring (By similarity).
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.
Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
Plays a central role in chromosome cohesion during cell division by preventing premature dissociation of cohesin complex from centromeres after prophase, when most of cohesin complex dissociates from chromosomes arms.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Fibrillarin family.
By homology to other fibrillarins, some or all of the N-terminal domain arginines are modified to asymmetric dimethylarginine (DMA).
Component of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) particles.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that has the ability to methylate both RNAs and proteins. Involved in pre-rRNA processing. Utilizes the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine to catalyze the site-specific 2'-hydroxyl methylation of ribose moieties in pre-ribosomal RNA. Site specificity is provided by a guide RNA that base pairs with the substrate. Methylation occurs at a characteristic distance from the sequence involved in base pairing with the guide RNA. Also acts as a protein methyltransferase by mediating methylation of 'Gln-105' of histone H2A (H2AQ105me), a modification that impairs binding of the FACT complex and is specifically present at 35S ribosomal DNA locus (By similarity).
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL40 family.
Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature N.crassa 74S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (37S) and a large (54S) subunit. The 37S small subunit contains a 16S ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA) and 32 different proteins. The 54S large subunit contains a 23S rRNA (23S mt-rRNA) and 42 different proteins. mL40 is binding to NAD.
Endonuclease for the repair of UV-irradiated DNA. Involved in the excision of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and 6-4 pyrimidine pyrimidones (6-4PP) which forms the UV damage repair (UVDR) pathway.
Required for the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2. Dph-1 and dph-2 transfer a 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl (ACP) group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to a histidine residue, the reaction is assisted by a reduction system comprising dph-3 and a NADH-dependent reductase, predominantly cbr-1. Acts as an electron donor to reduce the Fe-S cluster in dph1-dph2 keeping the [4Fe-4S] clusters in the active and reduced state. Restores iron to dph-1-dph-2 iron-sulfur clusters which have degraded from [4Fe-4S] to [3Fe-4S] by donating an iron atom to reform [4Fe-4S] clusters, in a manner dependent on the presence of elongation factor 2 and SAM. Associates with the elongator complex and is required for tRNA Wobble base modifications mediated by the elongator complex. The elongator complex is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s 2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine).
The DPH-type metal-binding (MB) domain can also bind zinc. However, iron is the physiological binding partner as zinc binding impairs the protein electron donor function.
During conidial development. Expressed with a 22 hours rhythm under the control of the circadian biological clock.
Pheromone that is regulated by the circadian clock. Expression is mating type specific and under the control of the mating type locus. Involved in conidiation.
Involved in the non-self-recognition during asexual growth of N.crassa. This process involves restriction of heterokaryon formation via genetic differences at 11 het loci, including mating type.
Forms a stable heterodimer with ctc-2/spt16. The dimer of ctc-1 and ctc-2 weakly associates with multiple molecules of nhp-1/nhp6 to form the FACT complex (By similarity).
In contrast to the orthologous protein in animals and plants, this protein does not contain a HMG box DNA-binding domain. This function may instead be provided by the HMG box of the associated nhp-1 protein in the FACT complex of fungi.
Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.
Required, together with mating-type protein A-3, for efficient ascospore formation.
Common component of the spliceosome and rRNA processing machinery.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that specifically methylates the N(1) position of an adenine present in helix 65 in 25S rRNA.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. SAR1 family.
COPII is composed of at least 5 proteins: the sec23/24 complex, the sec13/31 complex and vtr-7/sar1.
Small GTPase component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules. Vtr-7/sar1 controls the coat assembly in a stepwise manner. Activated sar1-GTP binds to membranes first and recruits the sec23/24 complex. These sec23/24-sar1 prebudding intermediates are then collected by the sec13/31 complex as subunits polymerize to form coated transport vesicles. Conversion to sar1-GDP triggers coat release and recycles COPII subunits (By similarity).
Belongs to the activator 1 large subunit family.
Catalyzes the conversion of O-succinyl-L-serine into cysteine, the last step in the cysteine biosynthesis pathway. Can also use O-acetyl-L-serine.
Belongs to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein family.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c (PubMed:3015618) (Probable). The Rieske protein is a catalytic core subunit containing a [2Fe-2S] iron-sulfur cluster. It cycles between 2 conformational states during catalysis to transfer electrons from the quinol bound in the Q(0) site in cytochrome b to cytochrome c1 (By similarity).
Processed by both the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) and the mitochondrial intermediate protease (MIP). Initially, MPP removes 25 amino acids from the newly imported precursor in the mitochondrial matrix. This proteolytic processing is then followed by a second proteolytic cleavage by MIP, which removes an octapeptide to generate mature-sized Rieske protein.
The Rieske protein is a high potential 2Fe-2S protein.
Belongs to the type IA topoisomerase family.
Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand.
Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase large subunit family.
DNA primase is the polymerase that synthesizes small RNA primers for the Okazaki fragments made during discontinuous DNA replication.
Heterodimer of a small subunit and a large subunit.
Probably involved in transcription regulation via its interaction with the INO80 complex, a chromatin remodeling complex.
Involved in rRNA-processing at A0, A1 and A2 sites and regulates negatively telomerase.
Involved in the import of nuclear-targeted proteins into the nucleus and the export of poly(A) RNA out of the nucleus. Has a role in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway (By similarity).
Involved in the import of nuclear-targeted proteins into the nucleus and the export of poly(A) RNA out of the nucleus. Has a role in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway.
Levels are detected just prior to the developmental commitment to budding growth.
Required for conidiophore morphogenesis where it has a role in the budding phase.
Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 2 subfamily.
Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily.
Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (Probable). Required to activate general amino acid control under conditions of amino acid limitation in the vegetative growth phase, and for formation of protoperithecia in preparation for the sexual phase of the life cycle of N.crassa (PubMed:7651339).
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2) during ubiquinone biosynthesis. Has also a structural role in the COQ enzyme complex, stabilizing other COQ polypeptides.
Thiolesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoyl-glutathione to form glutathione and D-lactic acid.
Belongs to the polysaccharide monooxygenase AA13 family.
Starch-active PMOs provide an expanded perspective on studies of starch metabolism and may have potential in the food and starch-based biofuel industries.
Starch-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase that oxidizes the C1 position of starch substrates, but not in cellulose or chitin.
The CBM20 domain is involved in binding to starch.
Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the reactions from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to phytoene (phytoene synthase) and from lycopene to beta-carotene via the intermediate gamma-carotene and from 3,4-didehydrolycopene to torulene (lycopene cyclase). Torulene is further processed to the acidic carotenoid neurosporaxanthin. The cyclase preferentially catalyzes single cyclizations at only one end of the substrate to produce monocyclic carotenoids (PubMed:11862485, PubMed:16928467). Neurosporaxanthin is synthesized from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) through several enzymatic activities. Phytoene synthase activity performed by the bifunctional enzyme al-2 first produces phytoene from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). The phytoene dehydrogenase al-1 then introduces 5 desaturations to lead to 3,4-didehydrolycopene via the intermediates phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene and lycopene. Al-2 cyclase activity then converts 3,4-didehydrolycopene into torulene. Al-2 can also convet lycopene into gamma-carotene which in turn is converted to beta-carotene by an additional al-2 cyclization reaction. Torulene is the substrate of the dioxidase cao-2 that breaks the molecule, removing five carbon atoms to yield beta-apo-4'-carotenal, whereas the aldehyde dehydrogenase ylo-1 mediates the last step by converting beta-apo-4'-carotenal into neurosporaxanthin (Probable).
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the lycopene beta-cyclase family.
Probable lysosomal cobalamin transporter. Required to export cobalamin from lysosomes allowing its conversion to cofactors (By similarity).
Transcription factor involved in RNA polymerase II transcription regulation. May function in both SPT15/TBP post-recruitment and recruitment steps of transcription (By similarity).
ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. Required for the processing and cleavage of 35S pre-rRNA at sites A0, A1, and A2, leading to mature 18S rRNA (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX48/FAL1 subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS35 family.
Component of the cleavage factor IA (CFIA) complex, which is involved in the endonucleolytic cleavage during polyadenylation-dependent pre-mRNA 3'-end formation.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit p55 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase H subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex.
The zeta subunit may be involved in regulating the coat assembly and, hence, the rate of biosynthetic protein transport due to its association-dissociation properties with the coatomer complex.
Acts in a DNA repair pathway for removal of UV-induced DNA damage that is distinct from classical nucleotide excision repair and in repair of ionizing radiation damage. Functions in homologous recombination repair of DNA double strand breaks and in recovery of stalled replication forks.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A family.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 11 subunits. The complex is composed of a catalytic core of 3 subunits Cox1, Cox2 and Cox3, encoded in the mitochondrial DNA, and 8 supernumerary subunits Cox4, Cox5a/Cox5, Cox6, Cox7, Cox8, Cox7a/Cox9, Cox6b/Cox12 and Cox6a/Cox13, which are encoded in the nuclear genome (PubMed:31316820). The complex exists as a monomer or a dimer and forms respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), resulting in various different assemblies (supercomplexes I(1)IV(1), I(1)III(3)IV(2), III(2)IV(1) and III(2)IV(2) as well as larger supercomplexes of compositions like I(1)III(2)IV(5-6)) (PubMed:17873079). Cox6a/Cox13 was not present in the cryo-EM structure. It may be involved in complex IV dimer formation and might not be always expressed. This would explain its absence in the map of the isolated monomer (Probable).
Essential role in pre-mRNA splicing. Also essential for entry into mitosis (G2/M progression) as well as for chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Adenosine and AMP deaminases family.
Belongs to the Clp1 family. Clp1 subfamily.
Component of a pre-mRNA cleavage factor complex. Interacts directly with PCF11.
May lack the polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase and polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activities that are characteristic of the human ortholog.
Required for endonucleolytic cleavage during polyadenylation-dependent pre-mRNA 3'-end formation.
Required for replication-independent chromatin assembly and for the periodic repression of histone gene transcription during the cell cycle.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RMT2 methyltransferase family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent protein-arginine N-methyltransferase that methylates the delta-nitrogen atom of arginine residues to form N5-methylarginine (type IV) in target proteins. Monomethylates ribosomal protein L12.
Belongs to the class-II DAHP synthase family.
Belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family.
Proteolytically removes the C-terminal three residues of farnesylated proteins.
Required for nuclear membrane fusion during karyogamy.
Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. LeuA type 2 subfamily.
Catalyzes the last step of tRNA splicing, the transfer of the splice junction 2'-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD to produce ADP-ribose 1''-2'' cyclic phosphate.
Catalyzes the reversible hydration of cis-homoaconitate to (2R,3S)-homoisocitrate, a step in the alpha-aminoadipate pathway for lysine biosynthesis.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. This subunit can bind 18S rRNA.
Regulator of type 1 phosphatases which maintains protein phosphatase activity under strict control.
Divalent metal cations. Prefers magnesium or manganese.
Involved in DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR). Possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand-specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity. Also involved in meiotic DSB processing (By similarity).
Involved in the secretory pathway as part of the exocyst complex which tethers secretory vesicles to the sites of exocytosis. Plays a role in both the assembly of the exocyst and the polarization of this complex to specific sites of the plasma membrane for exocytosis. Also involved in assembly of the spliceosome (By similarity).
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly.
Belongs to the RNA 3'-terminal cyclase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Erg6/SMT family.
Catalyzes the methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-methionine to the C-24 of lanosterol to form eburicol.
In Neurospora, the biosynthesis pathway of the sterol precursors leading to the prevalent sterol ergosterol differs from yeast. The ringsystem of lanosterol in S.cerevisiae is firstly demethylised in three enzymatic steps leading to the intermediate zymosterol and secondly a methyl group is added to zymosterol by the sterol 24-C-methyltransferase to form fecosterol. In Neurospora, lanosterol is firstly transmethylated by the sterol 24-C-methyltransferase leading to the intermediate eburicol and secondly demethylated in three steps to form fecosterol.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 7 family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily.
Methyltransferase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of sordarial, a salicylic aldehyde structurally related to the phytotoxin pyriculol (PubMed:19277664, PubMed:28485098, PubMed:30908040). The most interesting aspect of this pathway is formation of an aromatic product from the highly reducing polyketide synthase srdA (PubMed:30908040). SrdA synthesizes a reduced polyketide chain from one molecule of acetyl-CoA and five molecules of malonyl-CoA (PubMed:30908040). The polyketide chain is then reductively released as an aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). The oxidoreductases srdC, srdD and srdE then oxidize one of the hydroxy groups to facilitate the intramolecular aldol condensation, followed by dehydration to yield a salicylic aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). This aldehyde can undergo facile reduction by endogenous reductases to yield the alcohol 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-pent-1,3-dienylbenzene (PubMed:30908040). The flavin-dependent srdI counteract against the propensity of the aldehydes to be reduced under physiological conditions and is responsible for reoxidizing 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-pent-1,3-dienylbenzene back to the salicylic aldehyde (PubMed:30908040). This salicylic aldehyde is then selectively epoxidized by the cupin-domain-containing oxidoreductase srdB to yield the epoxide, which can be hydrolyzed stereoselectively by the hydrolase srdG to give the final product sordarial (PubMed:30908040).
Belongs to the cerato-ulmin hydrophobin family.
Forms a chaperone-bound H2A.Z-H2B complex that acts as a source for SWR1 complex-dependent H2A to H2A.Z histone replacement in chromatin.
Forms a heterotrimer with H2A.Z-H2B, stabilizing the association of the histone dimer. Also, with a lower affinity, forms a heterotrimer with H2A-H2B (By similarity).
Adds the third glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation. Transfers glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) onto the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.
Belongs to the ALG10 glucosyltransferase family.
ATP-dependent RNA helicase which is a subunit of the eIF4F complex involved in cap recognition and is required for mRNA binding to ribosome. In the current model of translation initiation, eIF4A unwinds RNA secondary structures in the 5'-UTR of mRNAs which is necessary to allow efficient binding of the small ribosomal subunit, and subsequent scanning for the initiator codon (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. eIF4A subfamily.
Component of the eIF4F complex, which composition varies with external and internal environmental conditions. It is composed of at least eIF4A, eIF4E and eIF4G (By similarity).
Conjugated to atg12; which is essential for autophagy.
Involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagic vesicle formation. Autophagy is essential for maintenance of amino acid levels and protein synthesis under nitrogen starvation. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy). Also required for mitophagy, which eliminates defective or superfluous mitochondria in order to fulfill cellular energy requirements and prevent excess ROS production. Conjugation with atg12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving apg-5/atg7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and atg10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The atg12-apg-4/atg5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of apg-6/atg8 and apg-6/atg8 association to the vesicle membranes (By similarity).
Belongs to the diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase family.
Belongs to the homoserine dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family.
Allosterically activated by ATP (By similarity). ATP binding is a prerequisite to magnesium and substrate binding. ATP binds to 2 of the subunits in the homotetramer inducing a closure of these 2 subunits and the release of the C-terminal loop, thereby activating the enzyme (By similarity).
IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase involved in IMP (inositol monophosphate) degradation.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL30 family.
Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3-isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate.
5'->3' double-stranded DNA exonuclease which may also possess a cryptic 3'->5' double-stranded DNA exonuclease activity. Functions in DNA mismatch repair.
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. EXO1 subfamily.
Non catalytic subunit of RNase H2, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes.
Belongs to the pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase family.
Acts as component of the CCR4-NOT core complex, which in the nucleus seems to be a general transcription factor, and in the cytoplasm the major mRNA deadenylase involved in mRNA turnover. The NOT protein subcomplex negatively regulates the basal and activated transcription of many genes. Preferentially affects TC-type TATA element-dependent transcription. Could directly or indirectly inhibit component(s) of the general transcription machinery.
Catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second.
Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second.
Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 3 family.
Pectinolytic enzyme consist of four classes of enzymes: pectin lyase, polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterase and rhamnogalacturonase. Among pectinolytic enzymes, pectin lyase is the most important in depolymerization of pectin, since it cleaves internal glycosidic bonds of highly methylated pectins. Favors pectate, the anion, over pectin, the methyl ester.
Catalyzes the reversible reaction in which hydroxymethyl group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate is transferred onto alpha-ketoisovalerate to form ketopantoate.
Belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family.
Belongs to the GcvT family. CAF17 subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tRNA methyltransferase complex that mediates the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNAs.
High-affinity transporter for external inorganic phosphate. Acts probably as a H(+)-phosphate symporter.
Impairs growth at low phosphate conditions when pho-4 is also absent.
Phosphate transport activity is competitively inhibited by arsenate.
Allosterically activated by ADP, AMP, or fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and allosterically inhibited by ATP or citrate.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. ATP-dependent PFK group I subfamily. Eukaryotic two domain clade "E" sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. ATP-dependent PFK group I subfamily. Eukaryotic two domain clade 'E' sub-subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by ATP, the first committing step of glycolysis.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. EFM7 family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent protein methyltransferase that trimethylates the N-terminal glycine 'Gly-2' of elongation factor 1-alpha, before also catalyzing the mono- and dimethylation of 'Lys-3'.
In the 2nd section; belongs to the EPSP synthase family.
In the 3rd section; belongs to the shikimate kinase family.
In the 4th section; belongs to the type-I 3-dehydroquinase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the shikimate dehydrogenase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the sugar phosphate cyclases superfamily. Dehydroquinate synthase family.
The AROM polypeptide catalyzes 5 consecutive enzymatic reactions in prechorismate polyaromatic amino acid biosynthesis.
GTPase-activating protein for the ADP ribosylation factor family.
Assembly factor required for Rieske Fe-S protein RIP1 incorporation into the cytochrome b-c1 (CIII) complex. Functions as a chaperone, binding to this subunit within the mitochondrial matrix and stabilizing it prior to its translocation and insertion into the late CIII dimeric intermediate within the mitochondrial inner membrane. Modulates the mitochondrial matrix zinc pool (By similarity).
Belongs to the complex I LYR family. MZM1 subfamily.
Belongs to the WD repeat coronin family.
Catalyzes the formation of succinate and glyoxylate from isocitrate, a key step of the glyoxylate cycle, which operates as an anaplerotic route for replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Required for growth on ethanol or acetate, but dispensable when fermentable carbon sources are available. Acts also on 2-methylisocitrate.
This protein is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand.
Belongs to the acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) family.
Binds either 1 Fe or Ni cation per monomer. Iron-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate, while nickel-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate.
Catalyzes 2 different reactions between oxygen and the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene) depending upon the metal bound in the active site. Fe-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Fe-ARD) produces formate and 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate (KMTB), the alpha-ketoacid precursor of methionine in the methionine recycle pathway. Ni-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Ni-ARD) produces methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide and formate, and does not lie on the methionine recycle pathway.
Expressed during the late stage of conidial (dormant spores) differentiation. It is greatly reduced or absent in the aconidial mutants fd, acon-2 and acon-3.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. DDX15/PRP43 sub-subfamily.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The SRP complex interacts with the signal sequence in nascent secretory and membrane proteins and directs them to the membrane of the ER.
Involved in DNA replication and cell separation.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family. AKR/ZDHHC17 subfamily.
Palmitoyltransferase specific for casein kinase 1.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNA1 subfamily.
Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. SCS7 subfamily.
Binds 2 Zn(2+) ions per subunit that likely form a catalytic dimetal center.
Ceramide hydroxylase involved in the hydroxylation of sphingolipid-associated very long chain fatty acids. Postulated to hydroxylate the very long chain fatty acid of dihydroceramides and phytoceramides at C-2.
Belongs to the lariat debranching enzyme family.
ADP:ATP antiporter that mediates import of ADP into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis, and export of ATP out to fuel the cell. Cycles between the cytoplasmic-open state (c-state) and the matrix-open state (m-state): operates by the alternating access mechanism with a single substrate-binding site intermittently exposed to either the cytosolic (c-state) or matrix (m-state) side of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane.
The matrix-open state (m-state) is inhibited by the membrane-permeable bongkrekic acid (BKA). The cytoplasmic-open state (c-state) is inhibited by the membrane-impermeable toxic inhibitor carboxyatractyloside (CATR).
The transmembrane helices are not perpendicular to the plane of the membrane, but cross the membrane at an angle. Odd-numbered transmembrane helices exhibit a sharp kink, due to the presence of a conserved proline residue.
Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.
Component of the 66S pre-ribosomal particle.
Required for efficient assembly and nuclear export of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Central component of the receptor complex responsible for the recognition and translocation of cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins. Together with tom22 functions as the transit peptide receptor at the surface of the mitochondrion outer membrane and facilitates the movement of preproteins into the translocation pore.
Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family.