Belongs to the protease inhibitor I13 (potato type I serine protease inhibitor) family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase proteolipid subunit family.
Proton-conducting pore forming subunit of the membrane integral V0 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS5 subunit family.
Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class C subfamily.
Transcriptional activator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter (TC 2.A.1.14) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB4 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily.
Involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Together with CUL1, RBX1 and a F-box protein, it forms a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The functional specificity of this complex depends on the type of F-box protein. In the SCF complex, it serves as an adapter that links the F-box protein to CUL1.
Part of a SCF (SKP1-cullin-F-box) protein ligase complex.
Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the gamma-class carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the 2Fe2S plant-type ferredoxin family.
Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions.
Cytokinin-activating enzyme working in the direct activation pathway. Phosphoribohydrolase that converts inactive cytokinin nucleotides to the biologically active free-base forms.
Lacks conserved residue(s) required for the propagation of feature annotation.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 4 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS27 family.
Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
Belongs to the HAK/KUP transporter (TC 2.A.72.3) family.
Belongs to the TALE/KNOX homeobox family.
Belongs to the 'GDXG' lipolytic enzyme family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.
May be involved in both secretory and endocytic intracellular trafficking in the endosomal/prevacuolar compartments.
Scaffold protein for the de novo synthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters within mitochondria, which is required for maturation of both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] proteins.
Component of a prohibitin multimeric complex in mitochondrial membranes.
Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily.
Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found.
Belongs to the plant rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 4 family.
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient.
Belongs to the bifunctional nuclease family.
Bifunctional nuclease with both RNase and DNase activities. Involved in basal defense response. Participates in abscisic acid-derived callose deposition following infection by a necrotrophic pathogen.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 5 family.
NDH is composed of at least 16 different subunits, 5 of which are encoded in the nucleus.
NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient.
Belongs to the LOB domain-containing protein family.
Belongs to the squalene monooxygenase family.
Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene, and is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis.
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbC subfamily.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). It binds chlorophyll and helps catalyze the primary light-induced photochemical processes of PSII. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation.
PSII is composed of 1 copy each of membrane proteins PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, PsbE, PsbF, PsbH, PsbI, PsbJ, PsbK, PsbL, PsbM, PsbT, PsbX, PsbY, PsbZ, Ycf12, at least 3 peripheral proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex and a large number of cofactors. It forms dimeric complexes.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family.
Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues.
Contains at least one intrachain disulfide bond essential for its enzymatic activity.
Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family.
Binds to multiple calmodulin (CaM) in the presence of Ca(2+) and CaM-like proteins.
Belongs to the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family.
Belongs to the peroxisomal membrane protein PXMP2/4 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family.
Binds 1 pyruvoyl group covalently per subunit.
Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.1) family.
May act as a component of the auxin efflux carrier.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 2 family.
Introduction of a cis double bond between carbons of the acyl chain.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family. Pelota subfamily.
Component of the Pelota-HBS1L complex, a complex that recognizes stalled ribosomes and triggers the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway. In the Pelota-HBS1L complex, pelo recognizes ribosomes stalled at the 3' end of an mRNA and engages stalled ribosomes by destabilizing mRNA in the mRNA channel.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family.
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CGFS subfamily.
Oligomeric complex that consists of at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the senescence regulator S40 family.
Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase II transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family.
Belongs to the PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid intracellular receptor family.
Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family.
Probably involved in membrane trafficking.
TAFs are components of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex that is essential for mediating regulation of RNA polymerase transcription.
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. FEN1 subfamily.
Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. They probably participate in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. May bind an additional third magnesium ion after substrate binding.
Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-terminated flap. Acts as a genome stabilization factor that prevents flaps from equilibrating into structures that lead to duplications and deletions. Also possesses 5'-3' exonuclease activity on nicked or gapped double-stranded DNA, and exhibits RNase H activity. Also involved in replication and repair of rDNA and in repairing mitochondrial DNA.
Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family.
Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Belongs to the sterol desaturase family.
Part of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC).
Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations.
Functions in brassinosteroid signaling. May function as transcriptional repressor.
Belongs to the PC-esterase family. TBL subfamily.
Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.
Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetG is required for either the stability or assembly of the cytochrome b6-f complex.
The 4 large subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex are cytochrome b6, subunit IV (17 kDa polypeptide, PetD), cytochrome f and the Rieske protein, while the 4 small subunits are PetG, PetL, PetM and PetN. The complex functions as a dimer.
Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts. Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome. Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step.
eIF-5A seems to be the only eukaryotic protein to have a hypusine residue which is a post-translational modification of a lysine by the addition of a butylamino group.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.
Recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin. Involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family.
EF-1 is composed of four subunits: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma.
Probably plays a role in anchoring the complex to other cellular components.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. FRD/SDH subfamily.
Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Belongs to the archaeal rpoM/eukaryotic RPA12/RPB9/RPC11 RNA polymerase family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
Belongs to the plant dirigent protein family.
Dirigent proteins impart stereoselectivity on the phenoxy radical-coupling reaction, yielding optically active lignans from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol in the biosynthesis of lignans, flavonolignans, and alkaloids and thus plays a central role in plant secondary metabolism.
May be involved in modulation of pathogen defense and leaf cell death.
The C-terminus contains a calmodulin-binding domain, which binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent fashion.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S11 family.
Belongs to the ACC deaminase/D-cysteine desulfhydrase family.
Acts as a Mg(2+) transporter. Can also transport other divalent cations such as Fe(2+), Sr(2+), Ba(2+), Mn(2+) and Co(2+) but to a much less extent than Mg(2+).
Belongs to the plant ACBP60 protein family.
Belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily. Plant drug/metabolite exporter (P-DME) (TC 2.A.7.4) family.
Belongs to the PPR family. PCMP-H subfamily.
Golgi membrane protein involved in vesicular trafficking.
May be involved in the transport of sterols.
Belongs to the plant LTP family. PEARLI1 subfamily.
Belongs to the class-II DAHP synthase family.
Binds 1 divalent cation per subunit. The enzyme is active with manganese, cobalt or cadmium ions.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.
Belongs to the TFIIE alpha subunit family.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
tRNA nucleus export receptor which facilitates tRNA translocation across the nuclear pore complex.
The PPC domain mediates interactions between AHL proteins.
Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs).
Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S2 family.
Component of the 19S regulatory particle (RP/PA700) base subcomplex of the 26S proteasome. The 26S proteasome is composed of a core protease (CP), known as the 20S proteasome, capped at one or both ends by the 19S regulatory particle (RP/PA700). The RP/PA700 complex is composed of at least 17 different subunits in two subcomplexes, the base and the lid, which form the portions proximal and distal to the 20S proteolytic core, respectively.
Belongs to the early nodulin-like (ENODL) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL21 family.
Belongs to the purine permeases (TC 2.A.7.14) family.
May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. MPBQ/MBSQ MT family.
Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. UDP-galactose:UMP antiporter (TC 2.A.7.11) subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS30 family.
Belongs to the very long-chain fatty acids dehydratase HACD family.
Catalyzes the third of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of two carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate into trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA, within each cycle of fatty acid elongation. Thereby, it participates to the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
Belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family.
Plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins transfer phospholipids as well as galactolipids across membranes. May play a role in wax or cutin deposition in the cell walls of expanding epidermal cells and certain secretory tissues.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL36 family.
Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily.
Proteoglycan that seems to be implicated in diverse developmental roles such as differentiation, cell-cell recognition, embryogenesis and programmed cell death.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family.
Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs.
Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II).
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.
Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds to GA-rich elements (GAGA-repeats) present in regulatory sequences of genes involved in developmental processes.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family.
NDH-1 is composed of 14 different subunits. Subunits NuoA, H, J, K, L, M, N constitute the membrane sector of the complex.
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient.
Belongs to the BPG-independent phosphoglycerate mutase family.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. BCS1 subfamily.
Binds 1 potassium ion per subunit. The potassium ion interacts primarily with the substrate.
Binds 2 divalent ions per subunit. The metal ions interact primarily with the substrate. Can utilize magnesium, manganese or cobalt (in vitro).
Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
May play a role in anterograde transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
Belongs to the SINA (Seven in absentia) family.
Component of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) which catalyzes the cleavage of N-terminal signal sequences from nascent proteins as they are translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Enhances the enzymatic activity of SPC and facilitates the interactions between different components of the translocation site.
2 of the reaction center chlorophylls (ChlD1 and ChlD2) are entirely coordinated by water.
Belongs to the reaction center PufL/M/PsbA/D family.
Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. D2 is needed for assembly of a stable PSII complex.
Belongs to the thioesterase PaaI family.
Required for proper 27S pre-rRNA processing and 60S ribosome subunit assembly.
Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in autophagosomes formation. May mediate the delivery of the autophagosomes to the vacuole via the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.
Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the alpha-class carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family.
Belongs to the Cold-regulated 413 protein family.
Belongs to the transcriptional coactivator PC4 family.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b, cytochrome c1 and Rieske protein, 2 core protein subunits, and additional low-molecular weight protein subunits.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family.
GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 17 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.
Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase 116 kDa subunit family.
Essential component of the vacuolar proton pump (V-ATPase), a multimeric enzyme that catalyzes the translocation of protons across the membranes. Required for assembly and activity of the V-ATPase.
Intramembrane-cleaving aspartic protease (I-CLiP) that cleaves type II membrane signal peptides in the hydrophobic plane of the membrane.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. NAA40 subfamily.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 2 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase F subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex.
Belongs to the chloroplast-specific ribosomal protein cS23 family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IV subfamily.
May be involved in environmental stress response.
Belongs to the NRAMP (TC 2.A.55) family.
Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.
This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family.
The Q motif is unique to and characteristic of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases and controls ATP binding and hydrolysis.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (25S, 5.8S and 5S).
Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family.
Catalyzes the prenylation of para-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) with an all-trans polyprenyl group. Mediates the second step in the final reaction sequence of coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, which is the condensation of the polyisoprenoid side chain with PHB, generating the first membrane-bound Q intermediate.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL23 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family.
Component of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC).
Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins.
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CC-type subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family.
Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family.
Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family.
Heterodimer of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit. PSII is composed of 1 copy each of membrane proteins PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, PsbE, PsbF, PsbH, PsbI, PsbJ, PsbK, PsbL, PsbM, PsbT, PsbX, PsbY, PsbZ, Ycf12, at least 3 peripheral proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex and a large number of cofactors. It forms dimeric complexes.
This b-type cytochrome is tightly associated with the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
With its partner (PsbF) binds heme. PSII binds additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and specific lipids.
Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53) family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL43 family.
Catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of NAD from nicotinic acid, the ATP-dependent synthesis of beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from nicotinate and 5-phospho-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
Transiently phosphorylated on a His residue during the reaction cycle. Phosphorylation strongly increases the affinity for substrates and increases the rate of nicotinate D-ribonucleotide production. Dephosphorylation regenerates the low-affinity form of the enzyme, leading to product release.
Accessory subunit of the DNA polymerase alpha complex (also known as the alpha DNA polymerase-primase complex) which plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA synthesis.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase alpha subunit B family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family.
Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes.
Interacts with H3K4me3 and to a lesser extent with H3K4me2.
The PHD-type zinc finger mediates the binding to H3K4me3.
Belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL13 family.
The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH.
Divalent metal cations. Prefers magnesium or manganese.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Folate-biopterin transporter (TC 2.A.71) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.
Belongs to the oligopeptide OPT transporter (TC 2.A.67.1) family.
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL18 family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. SAR1 family.
Involved in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.
Essential component of the TIM23 complex, a complex that mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.
Neddylation of cullins play an essential role in the regulation of SCF-type complexes activity.
Belongs to the V-ATPase V0D/AC39 subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Erg6/SMT family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL30 family.
Transcription factor that binds specifically to a 5'-AA[AG]G-3' consensus core sequence.
Belongs to the potassium channel family. Plant (TC 1.A.1.4) subfamily.
The KHA domain (rich in hydrophobic and acidic residues) present in the C-terminal part is likely to be important for tetramerization.
The potassium channel is composed of a homo- or heterotetrameric complex of pore-forming subunits.
The segment S4 is probably the voltage-sensor and is characterized by a series of positively charged amino acids. The pore-forming region H5 is enclosed by the transmembrane segments S5 and S6 in the Shaker-type (1P/6TM) and contains the GYGD signature motif which seems to be involved in potassium selectivity.
Belongs to the CND2 H2 (condensin-2 subunit 2) family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the plant egg cell-secreted peptide family.
Involved in the regulation of gamete interactions during the double fertilization and to prevent multiple-pollen tube attraction; mediates the redistribution of the gamete fusogen HAP2/GCS1 to the cell surface after secretion upon sperm arrival.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL34 family.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin U/P subfamily.
Belongs to the S1FA transcription factor family.
DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes a negative element (S1F) within the RPS1 promoter.
Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family.
Plays a complex role in regulating the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family.
Necessary for protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Belongs to the aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.
Component of the DNA topoisomerase VI involved in chromatin organization and progression of endoreduplication cycles. Relaxes both positive and negative superturns and exhibits a strong decatenase activity.
Homodimer. Heterotetramer of two TOP6A and two TOP6B subunits.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Chloroplast-localized elongation factor EF-G involved in protein synthesis in plastids. Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.
Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type I subfamily.
Heterohexadecamer of 8 large chains and 8 small chains; disulfide-linked. The disulfide link is formed within the large subunit homodimers.
RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site.
The basic functional RuBisCO is composed of a large chain homodimer in a 'head-to-tail' conformation. In form I RuBisCO this homodimer is arranged in a barrel-like tetramer with the small subunits forming a tetrameric 'cap' on each end of the 'barrel'.
The disulfide bond which can form in the large chain dimeric partners within the hexadecamer appears to be associated with oxidative stress and protein turnover.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. EngB GTPase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL43 family.
Belongs to the ATPase delta chain family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CPYC subfamily.
Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA2 subunit family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
Belongs to the nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) family. Azg-like subfamily.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 3 family.
Belongs to the 5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase family.
Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family.
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx5 subfamily.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides.
Component of the 20S core complex of the 26S proteasome. The 26S proteasome is composed of a core protease (CP), known as the 20S proteasome, capped at one or both ends by the 19S regulatory particle (RP/PA700). The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits. The catalytic chamber with the active sites is on the inside of the barrel.
Component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA12 subunit family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes small subunit family.
Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
Catalyzes the interconversion of mannose-6-phosphate to mannose-1-phosphate, the precursor for the synthesis of GDP-mannose. GDP-mannose is an essential sugar nucleotide for the synthesis of D-mannose-containing cell wall polysaccharides (galactomannans and glucomannans), glycolipids, glycoproteins and the antioxidant L-ascorbate.
Belongs to the peroxidase family. Ascorbate peroxidase subfamily.
Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily.
Binds 1 heme b (iron(II)-protoporphyrin IX) group per subunit.
Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin (TC 1.B.8.1) family.
Belongs to the Casparian strip membrane proteins (CASP) family.
Belongs to the RING-type zinc finger family. ATL subfamily.
May regulate transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. May enhance transcriptional pausing at sites proximal to the promoter, which may in turn facilitate the assembly of an elongation competent RNA polymerase II complex.
Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD Type 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the DVL/RTFL small polypeptides family.
Responsible for the release of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of chloroplastic protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. RAD16 subfamily.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Specifically recognizes and binds N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-containing RNAs, and regulates mRNA stability. M6A is a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs and plays a role in mRNA stability and processing.
Belongs to the SIMIBI class G3E GTPase family. ZNG1 subfamily.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. POR subfamily.
Phototransformation of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide).
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RRP8 family.
Probable methyltransferase required to silence rDNA.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of some multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
This protein is a component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase complex; first, biotin carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of the carrier protein and then the transcarboxylase transfers the carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.
Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 2 family.
Catalyzes cis-prenyl chain elongation to produce the polyprenyl backbone of dolichol, a glycosyl carrier-lipid required for the biosynthesis of several classes of glycoprotein.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 28 family.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.
Non-catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
Non-catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 64 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 17 family.
Catalytic subunit of an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tRNA methyltransferase complex that mediates the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNAs.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 3 family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family.
Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the membrane.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2.A.17) family.
Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family.
Catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and plays a significant role in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis.
Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Can also form homotetramers.
Mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis. Terminal step in leucine catabolism. Ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are essential as an alternative source of energy to glucose, as lipid precursors and as regulators of metabolism.
Probable ATPase of unknown function. Its presence in a non-photosynthetic plant (Epifagus virginiana) and experiments in tobacco indicate that it has an essential function which is probably not related to photosynthesis.
Belongs to the pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase family.
Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.
Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins (By similarity). The zeta subunit may be involved in regulating the coat assembly and, hence, the rate of biosynthetic protein transport due to its association-dissociation properties with the coatomer complex.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. May be part of an intermediate translocation complex acting as a protein-conducting channel at the inner envelope.
Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bTHX family.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.
Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35.5) family.
Magnesium transporter that may mediate the influx of magnesium.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.
Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta-synthase family.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. BET3 subfamily.
May play a role in vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi.
Belongs to the CDI family. ICK/KRP subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL9 family.
Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family.
Heterotetramer of subunits RFC2, RFC3, RFC4 and RFC5 that can form a complex with RFC1.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily.
Divalent metal ions. Mg(2+) is the most effective.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family.
Invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose.
PsaA and PsaB bind P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I (PSI), as well as the electron acceptors A0, A1 and FX. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. Oxidized P700 is reduced on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane by plastocyanin.
The PsaA/B heterodimer binds the P700 chlorophyll special pair and subsequent electron acceptors. PSI consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The eukaryotic PSI reaction center is composed of at least 11 subunits.
Belongs to the plant CAR protein family.
Component of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles containing H/ACA-type snoRNAs (H/ACA snoRNPs).
Required for ribosome biogenesis. Part of a complex which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA. This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Pseudouridine ("psi") residues may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs.
Belongs to the type IA topoisomerase family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase C subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment. Subunit C is necessary for the assembly of the catalytic sector of the enzyme and is likely to have a specific function in its catalytic activity.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex (components A to H) attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 4 family.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family.
Belongs to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) family.
Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL32 family.
Acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) response.
Belongs to the cytochrome b family. PetD subfamily.
Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 27 family.
Adaptor protein complexes are heterotetramers composed of two large adaptins (beta-type subunit and alpha-type or delta-type or epsilon-type or gamma-type subunit), a medium adaptin (mu-type subunit) and a small adaptin (sigma-type subunit).
Belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunit family.
Subunit of clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN) and/or endosomes. The AP complexes mediate both the recruitment of clathrin to membranes and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 6 family.
Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family.
The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Tau family.
Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1.A.56) family. SLC31A subfamily.
Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. In the homodimer, two zinc ions are bound between subunits.
Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit.
The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment.
Probable UDP-L-arabinose mutase involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall non-cellulosic polysaccharides.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 1 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA1 subunit family.
Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.
Belongs to the ETF alpha-subunit/FixB family.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit.
The electron transfer flavoprotein serves as a specific electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases, including five acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, glutaryl-CoA and sarcosine dehydrogenase. It transfers the electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase).
Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.
Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family. SDE3 subfamily.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo5/eukaryotic RPB5 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL6 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS11 family.
Belongs to the cysteine dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family.
May play a role in photosystem I and II biogenesis.
Originally thought to be a component of PSII; based on experiments in Synechocystis, N.tabacum and barley, and its absence from PSII in T.elongatus and T.vulcanus, this is probably not true.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. Sedlin subfamily.
Part of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS33 family.
Belongs to the complex I LYR family. LYRM9 subfamily.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis (PubMed:15634201). The main function of this enzyme is to provide reducing power (NADPH) and pentose phosphates for fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis which are involved in membrane synthesis and cell division (PubMed:15634201).
Seems to be required for maximal rate of protein biosynthesis. Enhances ribosome dissociation into subunits and stabilizes the binding of the initiator Met-tRNA(I) to 40 S ribosomal subunits.
Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2.A.66.1) family.
Belongs to the complex I 30 kDa subunit family.
NDH-1 is composed of 14 different subunits. Subunits NuoB, C, D, E, F, and G constitute the peripheral sector of the complex.
Acts as a calcium sensor. CBL proteins interact with CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of a CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner.
Belongs to the calcineurin regulatory subunit family.
Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.
Belongs to the WD repeat peroxin-7 family.
Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family.
Belongs to the anthranilate synthase component I family.
Heterotetramer consisting of two non-identical subunits: a beta subunit and a large alpha subunit.
Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class A subfamily.
Belongs to the selenoprotein M/F family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Participates in electron transfer between P700 and the cytochrome b6-f complex in photosystem I.
The crystal structure with reduced Cu(1+) has also been determined.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the NAD synthetase family.
Possible role could be the docking of the LHC I antenna complex to the core complex.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Plant sucrose synthase subfamily.
Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways.
Belongs to the JARID1 histone demethylase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS26 family.
Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL27 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.
Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.
Has a role in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of proteins and mRNAs.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family.
Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.
Belongs to the complex I 51 kDa subunit family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity and assembly of complex I.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family.
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
Required for the assembly of the V0 complex of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC23 subfamily.
Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL33 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL18 family.
Belongs to the aromatic acid exporter (TC 2.A.85) family.
Converts the prephenate produced from the shikimate-chorismate pathway into phenylalanine.
Interacts with HSP90 in an ATP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL29 family.
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily.
Belongs to the GLUTAMINE DUMPER 1 (TC 9.B.60) family.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. ISWI subfamily.
Belongs to the dynein light chain family.
Belongs to the fasciclin-like AGP family.
Involved in regulation of actin and microtubule organization. Part of a WAVE complex that activates the Arp2/3 complex.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family.
Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP-glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS12 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. mRNA cap 0 methyltransferase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the dsDNA virus mRNA guanylyltransferase family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class myotubularin subfamily.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.
In plastids the minimal PEP RNA polymerase catalytic core is composed of four subunits: alpha, beta, beta', and beta''. When a (nuclear-encoded) sigma factor is associated with the core the holoenzyme is formed, which can initiate transcription.
The RNAP catalytic core consists of 2 alpha, 1 beta, 1 beta' and 1 omega subunit. When a sigma factor is associated with the core the holoenzyme is formed, which can initiate transcription.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily.
Demethylates proteins that have been reversibly carboxymethylated.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.
Belongs to the nonaspanin (TM9SF) (TC 9.A.2) family.
Probably involved in the defense reaction of plants against pathogens.
Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase type 1 subfamily.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Has a high-affinity and a low affinity metal-binding site. The true nature of the physiological cofactor is under debate. The enzyme is active with cobalt, zinc, manganese or divalent iron ions. Most likely, methionine aminopeptidases function as mononuclear Fe(2+)-metalloproteases under physiological conditions, and the catalytically relevant metal-binding site has been assigned to the histidine-containing high-affinity site.
Cotranslationally removes the N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins. The N-terminal methionine is often cleaved when the second residue in the primary sequence is small and uncharged (Met-Ala-, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr, or Val).
Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL32 family.
Belongs to the helicase family. RAD25/XPB subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL38 family.
Belongs to the tRNA pseudouridine synthase TruA family.
Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily.
Component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
Central component of the receptor complex responsible for the recognition and translocation of cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins. Together with TOM22 functions as the transit peptide receptor at the surface of the mitochondrion outer membrane and facilitates the movement of preproteins into the translocation pore.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. TRM7 subfamily.
Methylates the 2'-O-ribose of nucleotides at positions 32 and 34 of the tRNA anticodon loop of substrate tRNAs.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL1 family.
During the catalytic reaction, a sulfide is transferred from Cys-225 to a reaction intermediate, generating a dehydroalanine residue.
Involved in biosynthesis of the thiamine precursor thiazole. Catalyzes the conversion of NAD and glycine to adenosine diphosphate 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole-2-carboxylic acid (ADT), an adenylated thiazole intermediate. The reaction includes an iron-dependent sulfide transfer from a conserved cysteine residue of the protein to a thiazole intermediate. The enzyme can only undergo a single turnover, which suggests it is a suicide enzyme. May have additional roles in adaptation to various stress conditions and in DNA damage tolerance.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family.
Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS7 family.
Belongs to the class II aldolase/RraA-like family.
Catalyzes the aldol cleavage of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate (HMG) into 2 molecules of pyruvate. Also contains a secondary oxaloacetate (OAA) decarboxylase activity due to the common pyruvate enolate transition state formed following C-C bond cleavage in the retro-aldol and decarboxylation reactions.
ATP dependent phosphorylation of adenosine and other related nucleoside analogs to monophosphate derivatives.
Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family.
Belongs to the RING-type zinc finger family. LOG2 subfamily.
Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress.
This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase epsilon family.
Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 7 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery.
Belongs to the NFYA/HAP2 subunit family.
Component of the sequence-specific heterotrimeric transcription factor (NF-Y) which specifically recognizes a 5'-CCAAT-3' box motif found in the promoters of its target genes.
Heterotrimeric transcription factor composed of three components, NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC. NF-YB and NF-YC must interact and dimerize for NF-YA association and DNA binding.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase type 1 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA13 subunit family.
Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis.
Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo10/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Regulates membrane-cell wall junctions and localized cell wall deposition. Required for establishment of the Casparian strip membrane domain (CSD) and the subsequent formation of Casparian strips, a cell wall modification of the root endodermis that determines an apoplastic barrier between the intraorganismal apoplasm and the extraorganismal apoplasm and prevents lateral diffusion (By similarity).
Belongs to the plant self-incompatibility (S1) protein family.
Involved in the second step of GPI biosynthesis. De-N-acetylation of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol.
With its partner (PsbE) binds heme. PSII binds additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and specific lipids.
Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily.
Belongs to the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit family.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family. RpoC1 subfamily.
Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family. SpeA subfamily.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family.
Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. RsgA subfamily.
GTPase involved in pre-60S ribosomal subunit maturation.
Belongs to the 2S seed storage albumins family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL24 family.
Belongs to the RBR family. Ariadne subfamily.
Might act as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, or as part of E3 complex, which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and then transfers it to substrates.
PsaD can form complexes with ferredoxin and ferredoxin-oxidoreductase in photosystem I (PS I) reaction center. PSAD may encode the ferredoxin-docking protein.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Zeta family.
May be involved in fusion of retrograde transport vesicles derived from an endocytic compartment with the Golgi complex.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 77 family.
Functions as two-component phosphorelay mediators between cytokinin sensor histidine kinases and response regulators (B-type ARRs). Plays an important role in propagating cytokinin signal transduction.
Histidine-containing phosphotransfer domain (HPt) contains an active histidine that mediates the phosphotransfer.
Belongs to the VAMP-associated protein (VAP) (TC 9.B.17) family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F(1). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase subfamily.
Catalyzes the NAD-dependent decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose. Necessary for the biosynthesis of the core tetrasaccharide in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.
Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains.
The beta subunit is responsible for the synthesis of L-tryptophan from indole and L-serine.
Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35) family.
Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class I subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphoribulokinase family.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex. Interacts with H3K4me3 and to a lesser extent with H3K4me2.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the UPRTase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the uridine kinase family.
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis via the modulation of cell polarity development.
Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL14 family.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII), required for its stability and/or assembly. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
PSII is composed of 1 copy each of membrane proteins PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, numerous small proteins, at least 3 peripheral proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex and a large number of cofactors. It forms dimeric complexes.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS28 family.
Component of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex.
Regulatory subunit of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex; essential for the ER localization.
Belongs to the IAA-amido conjugating enzyme family.
Component of a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex.
FAD-dependent monooxygenase required for the C5-ring hydroxylation during ubiquinone biosynthesis. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 3-polyprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The electrons required for the hydroxylation reaction may be funneled indirectly from NADPH via a ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase system to COQ6.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. Homoserine kinase subfamily.
Kinase that can phosphorylate various inositol polyphosphate such as Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 or Ins(1,3,4)P3.
Belongs to the glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide (GPH) cation symporter transporter (TC 2.A.2.4) family.
Heterotetramer of two alpha and two beta chains arranged as a dimer of alpha/beta heterodimers.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the nitrite and sulfite reductase 4Fe-4S domain family.
DNA-binding protein that binds to both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA without significant sequence specificity to reversibly repress the transcriptional activity of chloroplast nucleoids by promoting DNA compaction and possibly regulate DNA replication.
Essential protein with sulfite reductase activity required in assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway during both primary and secondary metabolism and thus involved in development and growth.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family.
Belongs to the oligoribonuclease family.
Interacts with the 40S ribosomal subunit.
The SUI1 domain may be involved in RNA binding.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
Belongs to the sphingomyelin synthase family.
May be involved in the degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
May be involved in the degradation process of specific misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Aurora subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL17 family.
Heterooctamer of 4 alpha and 4 beta chains.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL12 family.
Involved in the early part of the secretory pathway.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 19 family. Chitinase class I subfamily.
Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations.
Occurs in many kinds of cells as a complex with monomeric actin in a 1:1 ratio.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL42 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. AIG1/Toc34/Toc159-like paraseptin GTPase family. TOC34 subfamily.
GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis.
In eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.
Acts as a sulfur carrier required for molybdopterin biosynthesis. Component of the molybdopterin synthase complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group. In the complex, serves as sulfur donor by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by MOCS3. After interaction with MOCS2B, the sulfur is then transferred to precursor Z to form molybdopterin.
Belongs to the MoaD family. MOCS2A subfamily.
C-terminal thiocarboxylation occurs in 2 steps, it is first acyl-adenylated (-COAMP) via the hesA/moeB/thiF part of MOCS3, then thiocarboxylated (-COSH) via the rhodanese domain of MOCS3.
Heterotetramer; composed of 2 small (MOCS2A) and 2 large (MOCS2B) subunits.
Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.
Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family.
Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family.
Glutamate-gated receptor that probably acts as non-selective cation channel.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 21 family.
Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL28 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase E subunit family.
Belongs to the CcmF/CycK/Ccl1/NrfE/CcsA family.
Required during biogenesis of c-type cytochromes (cytochrome c6 and cytochrome f) at the step of heme attachment.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family.
The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and may also direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment.
Required for the function of coenzyme Q in the respiratory chain. May serve as a chaperone or may be involved in the transport of Q6 from its site of synthesis to the catalytic sites of the respiratory complexes.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. DCP2 subfamily.
Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class IV subfamily.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.
LSm subunits form a heteromer with a doughnut shape.
Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family.
Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and may therefore play an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation.
Belongs to the CSN7/EIF3M family. CSN7 subfamily.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family.
Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.
Belongs to the complex I 23 kDa subunit family.
Component of the 60S subunit of the ribosome.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL40 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. BSU subfamily.
Belongs to the GTP-binding elongation factor family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Mitochondrial GTPase that catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. HemL subfamily.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.
Belongs to the lariat debranching enzyme family.
Component of the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. The FACT complex is involved in multiple processes that require DNA as a template such as mRNA elongation, DNA replication and DNA repair. During transcription elongation the FACT complex acts as a histone chaperone that both destabilizes and restores nucleosomal structure. It facilitates the passage of RNA polymerase II and transcription by promoting the dissociation of one histone H2A-H2B dimer from the nucleosome, then subsequently promotes the reestablishment of the nucleosome following the passage of RNA polymerase II.
Component of the FACT complex, a stable heterodimer of SPT16 and SSRP1.
May serve as docking site to facilitate the association of other proteins to the plasma membrane.
Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the nucleoside 5'-monophosphates deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) and deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP).
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has four main subunits: a(1), b(1), b'(1) and c(9-12).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL39 family.
Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. FabI subfamily.
Belongs to the MsrB Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) to methionine in proteins. Plays a protective role against oxidative stress by restoring activity to proteins that have been inactivated by methionine oxidation. MSRB family specifically reduces the MetSO R-enantiomer.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL36 family.
Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.
Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family.
Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family.
Involved in a reduction step in the biosynthesis of the plant steroid, brassinolide.
Belongs to the eukaryotic NMN adenylyltransferase family.
Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbB subfamily.
Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins.
Heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha type and four PFD-beta type subunits.
Catalyzes the synthesis of the hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P) moiety of thiamine from aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) in a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent reaction.
Exerts its effect at some terminal stage of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis, probably by being involved in the insertion of the copper B into subunit I.
Belongs to the phospholipase D family. C2-PLD subfamily.
Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL33 family.
Belongs to the WIP C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Era GTPase family.
Belongs to the class VI-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase family.
Divalent metal cations. Probably Zn(2+).
Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.7) family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Phi family.
Belongs to the plant tobamovirus multiplication TOM1 protein family.
The nitrogen atoms of the two glycine residues in the GGXR motif define the oxyanion hole, and stabilize the oxyanion that forms during the nucleophilic attack by the catalytic serine during substrate cleavage.
The RING-type zinc finger domain is responsible for E3 ligase activity.
Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RsmH family.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-5 (PP-T) subfamily.
May be involved in calcium-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Probably serves as a molecular bridge in ubiquitin E3 complexes. Participates in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of beta-catenin (CTNNB1).
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo12/eukaryotic RPC10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UFC1 subfamily.
E1-like enzyme which specifically catalyzes the second step in ufmylation. Ufmylation is involved in reticulophagy (also called ER-phagy) induced in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 1 family.
Binds 1 Ca(2+) ion. Required for its activity.
Belongs to the DPH1/DPH2 family. DPH1 subfamily.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster per subunit. The cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalyzes the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS17 family.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS16 family.
Belongs to the SLAC1 S-type anion channel family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL34 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.
Belongs to the cytochrome b family. PetB subfamily.
Binds 2 heme b groups non-covalently with two histidine residues as axial ligands.
Binds one heme group covalently by a single cysteine link with no axial amino acid ligand. This heme was named heme ci.
Heme 1 (or BH or b566) is high-potential and absorbs at about 566 nm, and heme 2 (or BL or b562) is low-potential and absorbs at about 562 nm.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). SRP9 together with SRP14 and the Alu portion of the SRP RNA, constitutes the elongation arrest domain of SRP. The complex of SRP9 and SRP14 is required for SRP RNA binding.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase alpha chain family.
Homodimer. The RNAP catalytic core consists of 2 alpha, 1 beta, 1 beta' and 1 omega subunit. When a sigma factor is associated with the core the holoenzyme is formed, which can initiate transcription.
The N-terminal domain is essential for RNAP assembly and basal transcription, whereas the C-terminal domain is involved in interaction with transcriptional regulators and with upstream promoter elements.
Catalyzes the formation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine by condensation of 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil with 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate. This is the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin.
Homooligomer. Interacts with ARC5 and FIS1B on peroxisomes.
Involved in peroxisomal proliferation. Promotes peroxisomal duplication, aggregation or elongation without fission.
Belongs to the CTL (choline transporter-like) family.
Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A.31.3) family.
Belongs to the SOFL plant protein family.
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs).
Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.
Belongs to the neutral ceramidase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family.
Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family.
Belongs to the dihydrofolate reductase family.
Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Argininosuccinate lyase subfamily.
Belongs to the ATPase epsilon chain family.
Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
Bifunctional DNA N-glycosylase with associated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase function that catalyzes the first step in base excision repair (BER), the primary repair pathway for the repair of oxidative DNA damage. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases the damaged DNA base from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP site. The AP lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination. Primarily recognizes and repairs oxidative base damage of pyrimidines.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster. The cluster does not appear to play a role in catalysis, but is probably involved in the proper positioning of the enzyme along the DNA strand.
Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.
Component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family.
Plays a role in U6 snRNP assembly and function. Binds to the 3' end of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the TFIIF alpha subunit family.
TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB. It promotes transcription elongation.
Component of the coenzyme Q biosynthetic pathway. May play a role in organizing a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex required for coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Required for steady-state levels of other COQ polypeptides.
Belongs to the geranylgeranyl reductase family. ChlP subfamily.
Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class B subfamily.
Involved in transport of proteins from the cis/medial-Golgi to the trans-Golgi network.
This protein is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand.
Non-catalytic component of the proteasome.
Binds 1 heme c group covalently per subunit.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a heterohexamer composed of biotin carboxyl carrier protein (AccB), biotin carboxylase (AccC) and two subunits each of ACCase subunit alpha (AccA) and ACCase subunit beta (AccD).
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a heterohexamer composed of biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and 2 subunits each of ACCase subunit alpha and ACCase plastid-coded subunit beta (accD).
Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. Biotin carboxylase (BC) catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the transcarboxylase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA.
Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, that promotes sister chromatid alignment after DNA damage and facilitates double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) repair via homologous recombination between sister chromatids.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 18 family.
Binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the 40S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex in the cytoplasm. May also be involved in ribosome biogenesis.
Monomer. Associates with the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS25 family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo6/eukaryotic RPB6 RNA polymerase subunit family.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. This subunit can bind 18S rRNA.
Belongs to the plant DMP1 protein family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. IF-2 subfamily.
One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Protects formylmethionyl-tRNA from spontaneous hydrolysis and promotes its binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits. Also involved in the hydrolysis of GTP during the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex.
Transcription elongation factor implicated in the maintenance of proper chromatin structure in actively transcribed regions.
Belongs to the MsrA Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. NadB subfamily.
Catalyzes the oxidation of L-aspartate to iminoaspartate.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.
Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL22 family.
Belongs to the ALG6/ALG8 glucosyltransferase family.
Acts as a component of a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Component of the SCF-type E3 ligase complex.
Belongs to the glucosamine/galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase family. 6-phosphogluconolactonase subfamily.
Stabilizer subunit of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex; tethers catalytic subunit to the ER.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. Plant myosin class XI subfamily.
Activation of RuBisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; EC 4.1.1.39) involves the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the epsilon-amino group of lysine leading to a carbamate structure.
Putative transcription activator involved in regulating light control of development.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. Class II DHOase subfamily.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S14 family.
Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.
Binds 1 Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ion per subunit.
Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the head domain of the 30S subunit.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNA1 subfamily.
Plant lipoxygenase may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL15 family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class dual specificity subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL31 family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.
Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation.
Belongs to the abscisic acid and water stress-induced protein family.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. SIP (TC 1.A.8.10) subfamily.
Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. Flotillin subfamily.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family.
Plays a role in the recruitment of the exosome to pre-rRNA to mediate the 3'-5' end processing of the 5.8S rRNA.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. Plant cellulose synthase subfamily.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo3/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family.
Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-1 family.
Belongs to the ATPase gamma chain family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.
P1 and P2 exist as dimers at the large ribosomal subunit.
Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.
Is involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.
May help in the organization of the PsaL subunit.
Stabilizes the interaction between PsaC and the PSI core, assists the docking of the ferredoxin to PSI and interacts with ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family.
Belongs to the adenosylhomocysteinase family.
Belongs to the clathrin light chain family.
Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles.
The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein.
The glycine cleavage system is composed of four proteins: P, T, L and H.
Belongs to the cystatin family. Phytocystatin subfamily.
Ubiquitin-like protein involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagic vesicle formation.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL37 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ran family.
GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export. Involved in chromatin condensation and control of cell cycle.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.
The DHHC domain is required for palmitoyltransferase activity.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.
Belongs to the thioredoxin family. Plant CITRX-type subfamily.
Supercomplex made of cofactors A to E. Cofactors A and D function by capturing and stabilizing tubulin in a quasi-native conformation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state.
Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface.
Belongs to the CWC16 family. YJU2 subfamily.
Component of the spliceosome. Present in the activated B complex, the catalytically activated B* complex which catalyzes the branching, the catalytic step 1 C complex catalyzing the exon ligation, and the postcatalytic P complex containing the ligated exons (mRNA) and the excised lariat intron.
Part of the spliceosome which catalyzes two sequential transesterification reactions, first the excision of the non-coding intron from pre-mRNA and then the ligation of the coding exons to form the mature mRNA. Plays a role in stabilizing the structure of the spliceosome catalytic core and docking of the branch helix into the active site, producing 5'-exon and lariat intron-3'-intermediates.
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.
Belongs to the ParA family. MinD subfamily.
The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL4 family.
Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL54 family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. phosphate:H(+) symporter (TC 2.A.1.9) family.
Belongs to the PpiC/parvulin rotamase family. PIN4 subfamily.
Component of several multiprotein Golgi SNARE complexes.
Involved in transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus as well as in intra-Golgi transport. It belongs to a super-family of proteins called t-SNAREs or soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor.
Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. UMP-CMP kinase subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphates at the expense of ATP. Plays an important role in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Has preference for UMP and CMP as phosphate acceptors.
Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon ATP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent ATP hydrolysis.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.
Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.2) family.
Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling.
Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL35 family.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family.
May be involved in nucleotide excision repair (By similarity). Binds and presumably selects ubiquitin-conjugates for destruction. Prefers multiubiquitin chains rather than single ubiquitins, with a binding affinity for 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin chains. Acts as a ubiquitin receptor that associates with the 26S proteasomal docking subunit RPN10 for the indirect recognition of ubiquitinated substrates of ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated proteolysis (UPP).
Multiubiquitin chain receptor involved in modulation of proteasomal degradation. Involved in nucleotide excision repair.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 81 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.
Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Involved in the retrieval of endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins from the early Golgi compartment.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Nitrate/nitrite porter (TC 2.A.1.8) family.
Lipid-binding protein involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, also named ubiquinone, an essential lipid-soluble electron transporter for aerobic cellular respiration.
May function as somatic storage protein during early seedling development.
Belongs to the CRT-like transporter family.
Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetL is important for photoautotrophic growth as well as for electron transfer efficiency and stability of the cytochrome b6-f complex.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
Belongs to the allene oxide cyclase family.
Calcium-selective channel required to prevent calcium stores from overfilling.
Participates in efficiency of electron transfer from plastocyanin to P700 (or cytochrome c553 in algae and cyanobacteria). This plastocyanin-docking protein contributes to the specific association of plastocyanin to PSI.
Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA8 subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL20 family.
Belongs to the RuBisCO small chain family.
Heterohexadecamer of 8 large and 8 small subunits.
RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site. Although the small subunit is not catalytic it is essential for maximal activity.
Belongs to the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C family.
Component of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP, which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA 5' splice-site and the subsequent assembly of the spliceosome. U1-C is directly involved in initial 5' splice-site recognition for both constitutive and regulated alternative splicing. The interaction with the 5' splice-site seems to precede base-pairing between the pre-mRNA and the U1 snRNA. Stimulates commitment or early (E) complex formation by stabilizing the base pairing of the 5' end of the U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region.
U1 snRNP is composed of the 7 core Sm proteins B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F and G that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP, and at least 3 U1 snRNP-specific proteins U1-70K, U1-A and U1-C. U1-C interacts with U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region of the pre-mRNA.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 4L family.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase family.
Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 15 family.
Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals.
Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RluA family.
Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. rRNA adenine N(6)-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. CMP-Sialate:CMP antiporter (TC 2.A.7.12) subfamily.
Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK6 subfamily.
Broad-specificity nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase that catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between nucleoside triphosphates and monophosphates. Has also ATPase activity.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 10 family.
Belongs to the GTP-binding SRP family. SRP54 subfamily.
Component of a signal recognition particle (SRP) complex that consists of a 7SL RNA molecule of 300 nucleotides and six protein subunits: SRP72, SRP68, SRP54, SRP19, SRP14 and SRP9.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As part of the SRP complex, associates with the SRP receptor (SR) component SRPRA to target secretory proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Binds to the signal sequence of presecretory proteins when they emerge from the ribosomes. Displays basal GTPase activity, and stimulates reciprocal GTPase activation of the SR subunit SRPRA. Forms a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent complex with the SR subunit SRPRA. SR compaction and GTPase mediated rearrangement of SR drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER (By similarity). Requires the presence of SRP9/SRP14 and/or SRP19 to stably interact with RNA.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As part of the SRP complex, associates with the SRP receptor (SR) component SRPRA to target secretory proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Binds to the signal sequence of presecretory proteins when they emerge from the ribosomes. Displays basal GTPase activity, and stimulates reciprocal GTPase activation of the SR subunit SRPRA. Forms a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent complex with the SR subunit SRPRA. SR compaction and GTPase mediated rearrangement of SR drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER. Requires the presence of SRP9/SRP14 and/or SRP19 to stably interact with RNA.
The M domain binds the 7SL RNA in presence of SRP19 and binds the signal sequence of presecretory proteins.
The NG domain, also named G domain, is a special guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) domain, which binds GTP and forms a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent complex with a homologous NG domain in the SRP receptor subunit SRPRA. The two NG domains undergo cooperative rearrangements upon their assembly, which culminate in the reciprocal activation of the GTPase activity of one another. SRP receptor compaction upon binding with cargo-loaded SRP and GTPase rearrangement drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER.
PSK-alpha is produced by endopeptidase digestion. PSK-beta is produced from PSK-alpha by exopeptidase digestion.
Promotes plant cell differentiation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis as well as cell proliferation.
Sulfation is important for activity and for the binding to a putative membrane receptor.
Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Biotin synthase family.
Binds 1 [2Fe-2S] cluster. The cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and 1 arginine.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster. The cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
AP-4 forms a non clathrin-associated coat on vesicles departing the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and may be involved in the targeting of proteins from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the endosomal-lysosomal system.
Adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) is a heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins, a medium adaptin and a small adaptin.
Part of the multisubunit TRAPP (transport protein particle) complex.
TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation.
Seems to be required for the assembly of the photosystem I complex.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of queuosine 5'-phosphate, releasing the nucleobase queuine (q). Is required for salvage of queuine from exogenous queuosine (Q) that is imported and then converted to queuosine 5'-phosphate intracellularly.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL31 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 34 family.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL6 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 3 family.
May help in the organization of the PsaE and PsaF subunits.
Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing as a core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome.
The jas domain is required for interaction with COI1.
Component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC)-associated TREX-2 complex (transcription and export complex 2). Component of the SAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complex. Within the SAGA complex, participates to a subcomplex of SAGA called the DUB module (deubiquitination module).
Involved in mRNA export coupled transcription activation by association with both the TREX-2 and the SAGA complexes. The transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA is a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates to a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates histones. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators, where it is required for transcription. The TREX-2 complex functions in docking export-competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) to the nuclear entrance of the nuclear pore complex (nuclear basket). TREX-2 participates in mRNA export and accurate chromatin positioning in the nucleus by tethering genes to the nuclear periphery.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
Belongs to the MINDY deubiquitinase family. FAM188 subfamily.
Hydrolase that can remove 'Lys-48'-linked conjugated ubiquitin from proteins.
F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation.
Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. FDH subfamily.
Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. Involved in the cell stress response.
Catalyzes the reversible reaction in which hydroxymethyl group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate is transferred onto alpha-ketoisovalerate to form ketopantoate.
Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the leguminous lectin family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. NOG subfamily.
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
May be involved in the synthesis of minor phospholipids and in modulation of IP3-mediated signal transduction.
Requires a divalent cation for activity.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS18 family.
Belongs to the plastid outer envelope porin OEP21 (TC 1.B.29) family.
Voltage-dependent rectifying anion channel that facilitates the translocation between chloroplast and cytoplasm of phosphorylated carbohydrates such as triosephosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate and inorganic phosphate (Pi) depending of ATP to triosephosphate ratio in the plastidial intermembrane space; in high triosephosphate/ATP conditions (e.g. photosynthesis), export of triosphosphate from chloroplast (outward rectifying channels), but in high ATP/triosephosphate conditions (e.g. dark phase), import of phosphosolutes (inward rectifying channels).
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA.
Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family.
Belongs to the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH.
Belongs to the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) (TC 2.A.105) family.
Mediates the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria.
C-terminally processed by CtpA; processing is essential to allow assembly of the oxygen-evolving complex and thus photosynthetic growth.
Herbicides such as atrazine, BNT, diuron or ioxynil bind in the Q(B) binding site and block subsequent electron transfer.
Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors.
Tyr-161 forms a radical intermediate that is referred to as redox-active TyrZ, YZ or Y-Z.
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit alpha family.
Belongs to the 11S seed storage protein (globulins) family.
Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN6 subfamily.
Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes.
Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.
Binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the formin-like family. Class-I subfamily.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. GalK subfamily.
Belongs to the alkaline ceramidase family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 1 family.
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. This subunit may bind ubiquinone.
Belongs to the CLV3/ESR signal peptide family.
Mitochondrial inner membrane calcium uniporter that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria. Constitutes a pore-forming and calcium-conducting subunit. Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays key roles in cellular physiology and regulates cell bioenergetics, cytoplasmic calcium signals and activation of cell death pathways.
Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5C family.
This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 43 family.
Involved in the synthesis of glucuronoxylan hemicellulose in secondary cell walls.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA5 subunit family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.
Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Adenylosuccinate lyase subfamily.
Belongs to the DNA repair enzymes AP/ExoA family.
Probably binds two magnesium or manganese ions per subunit.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 6 family.
Belongs to the chalcone isomerase family.
Belongs to the HMG-CoA reductase family.
Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIB subfamily.
Mediates magnesium influx to the cytosol.
Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Seems to contact the mother actin filament.
Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface and is required for correct PSII assembly and/or dimerization.
Component of TORC1 complex, which is an essential cell growth regulator that controls plant development. Acts by activating transcription, protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis, and inhibiting mRNA degradation and autophagy.
The target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is composed of at least RAPTOR, LST8 and TOR.
Belongs to the intron maturase 2 family. MatK subfamily.
Usually encoded in the trnK tRNA gene intron. Probably assists in splicing its own and other chloroplast group II introns.
Belongs to the V-ATPase D subunit family.
Component of the cytoplasmic LSM1-LSM7 complex which is involved in mRNA degradation.
Component of the heptameric LSM1-LSM7 complex that forms a seven-membered ring structure with a donut shape.
Hydrolyzes deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) to the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates. Has a strong preference for dCTP and its analogs including 5-iodo-dCTP and 5-methyl-dCTP for which it may even have a higher efficiency. May protect DNA or RNA against the incorporation of these genotoxic nucleotide analogs through their catabolism.
Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E family.
Apoprotein for the two 4Fe-4S centers FA and FB of photosystem I (PSI); essential for photochemical activity. FB is the terminal electron acceptor of PSI, donating electrons to ferredoxin. The C-terminus interacts with PsaA/B/D and helps assemble the protein into the PSI complex. Required for binding of PsaD and PsaE to PSI. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn.
Binds 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters. Cluster 2 is most probably the spectroscopically characterized electron acceptor FA and cluster 1 is most probably FB.
The cyanobacterial PSI reaction center is composed of one copy each of PsaA,B,C,D,E,F,I,J,K,L,M and X, and forms trimeric complexes.
Belongs to the class VI-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. PEMT/PEM2 methyltransferase family.
Catalyzes the second two steps of the methylation pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, the SAM-dependent methylation of phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) to phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine (PDME) and of PDME to phosphatidylcholine (PC).
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S5A family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. YchF/OLA1 subfamily.
Hydrolyzes ATP, and can also hydrolyze GTP with lower efficiency. Has lower affinity for GTP.
Component of the CCR4-NOT complex, at least composed of CRR4 and CAF1 proteins.
Ubiquitous transcription factor required for a diverse set of processes. It is a component of the CCR4 complex involved in the control of gene expression.
Cleaves peptides in various proteins in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. Has a chymotrypsin-like activity. Plays a major role in the degradation of misfolded proteins.
Component of the chloroplastic Clp protease core complex.
Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family.
Common component of the spliceosome and rRNA processing machinery.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. BUD32 family.
Key component of the F(0) channel; it plays a direct role in translocation across the membrane. A homomeric c-ring of between 10-14 subunits forms the central stalk rotor element with the F(1) delta and epsilon subunits.
This protein is one of the chains of the nonenzymatic membrane component (F0) of mitochondrial ATPase.
Seems to play a role in the dimerization of PSII.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. MAK3 subfamily.