Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.
GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family.
The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS17 family.
Participates in electron transfer between P700 and the cytochrome b6-f complex in photosystem I.
The crystal structure with reduced Cu(1+) has also been determined.
Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
Belongs to the carboxylate-amine ligase family. Glutamate--cysteine ligase type 2 subfamily.
Homodimer or monomer when oxidized or reduced, respectively.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
Part of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system that transports large folded proteins containing a characteristic twin-arginine motif in their signal peptide across the thylakoid membrane. Involved in delta pH-dependent protein transport required for chloroplast development, especially thylakoid membrane formation. TATC and TATB mediate precursor recognition, whereas TATA facilitates translocation.
Belongs to the SIMIBI class G3E GTPase family. ZNG1 subfamily.
Belongs to the spermidine/spermine synthase family.
Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylated to form H3K9ac (11%), H3K14ac (17%), H3K18ac (11%), H3K23ac (16%) and H3K27ac (7%). H3K4, H3K35 and H3K36 are not acetylated. H3K4me prevents acetylation. 32% of the histone H3 are acetylated with, on average, 2.4 acetyl-Lys. They are all continuously deacatylated and re-acetylated with a half-life of approximately 2 min.
Monomethylated to form H3K4me1 (81%), H3K9me1 (16%), H3K27me1 (25%), H3K35me1 (25%) and H3K36me1 (5%). No methylation at H3K14, H3K18 and H3K23. Methylated by a protein complex that includes Mut11. Set1 methylates specifically H3K4. H3K4me1 is associated with silenced euchromatin. Set3 forms H3K9me1, while H3K9me2 is undetected. H3K9me1 is specifically associated with silent, multi-copy transgenes.
To ensure consistency between histone entries, we follow the 'Brno' nomenclature for histone modifications, with positions referring to those used in the literature for the 'closest' model organism. Due to slight variations in histone sequences between organisms and to the presence of initiator methionine in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot sequences, the actual positions of modified amino acids in the sequence generally differ. In this entry the following conventions are used: H3K4 = Lys-5; H3K4me = methylated Lys-5; H3K9ac = acetylated Lys-10; H3K9me = methylated Lys-10; H3S10ph = phosphorylated Ser-11; H3T11ph = phosphorylated Thr-12; H3K14 = Lys-15; H3K14ac = acetylated Lys-15; H3K18 = Lys-19; H3K18ac = acetylated Lys-19; H3K23 = Lys-24; H3K23ac = acetylated Lys-24; H3K27ac = acetylated Lys-28; H3K27me = methylated Lys-28; H3K35 = Lys-36; H3K35me = methylated Lys-36; H3K36 = Lys-37; H3K36me = methylated Lys-37.
Belongs to the aerobic coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase family.
Belongs to the ketol-acid reductoisomerase family.
Lacks conserved residue(s) required for the propagation of feature annotation.
The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Acylhydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-1 position.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.
Can be acetylated to form H2BK33ac and H2BK34ac (By similarity). Acetylated mainly on the ubiquitinated form.
Monoubiquitinated to form H2BK143ub1; which is increased during the light period and may give a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation.
To ensure consistency between histone entries, we follow the 'Brno' nomenclature for histone modifications, with positions referring to those used in the literature for the 'closest' model organism. Due to slight variations in histone sequences between organisms and to the presence of initiator methionine in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot sequences, the actual positions of modified amino acids in the sequence generally differ. In this entry the following conventions are used: H2BK33ac = acetylated Lys-41; H2BK34ac = acetylated Lys-42; H2BK143ub1 = monoubiquitinated Lys-149.
Belongs to the FNT transporter (TC 2.A.44) family.
Asymmetrically dimethylated at Arg-462 during flagellum resorption. Probably methylated by PRMT1.
Structural component of ciliary and flagellar microtubules. Plays a key role in the assembly or attachment of the inner dynein arm to microtubules in flagella and cilia. Forms filamentous polymers in the walls of ciliary and flagellar microtubules.
Divalent metal cations. Prefers magnesium or manganese.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.
Component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL18 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL42 family.
Belongs to the geranylgeranyl reductase family. ChlP subfamily.
Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family.
Inhibited by haloxydine (3,5-dichloro-2,6-difluoro-4-haloxypyridine).
Involved in the synthesis of plastoquinone-9. Can use both homogentisic acid and 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid gamma-lactone as prenyl acceptors, and solanesyl diphosphate > farnesyl diphosphate > geranylgeranyl diphosphate >> phytyl diphosphate as prenyl donors. Do not catalyze the decardoxylation of homogentisate uncoupled from prenylation.
May be involved in fusion of retrograde transport vesicles derived from an endocytic compartment with the Golgi complex.
Required for replication-independent chromatin assembly and for the periodic repression of histone gene transcription during the cell cycle.
Belongs to the flagellar radial spoke RSP3 family.
Flagellar radial spokes contribute to the regulation of dynein arm activity and thus the pattern of flagellar bending. They consist of a thin stalk, which is attached to the a subfiber of the outer doublet microtubule, and a bulbous head, which is attached to the stalk and appears to interact with the projections from the central pair of microtubules.
Protein 3 is one of the 5 radial spoke proteins that are phosphorylated.
Protein 3 may attach the radial spoke to the outer doublet microtubule or is required to form a stable spoke structure.
Protein 3a might only differ from protein 3 in being unphosphorylated.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family.
Belongs to the myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase family.
Belongs to the acetate uptake transporter (AceTr) (TC 2.A.96) family.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
Catalytic component of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex.
Catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex that acts by directly joining spliced tRNA halves to mature-sized tRNAs by incorporating the precursor-derived splice junction phosphate into the mature tRNA as a canonical 3',5'-phosphodiester. May act as an RNA ligase with broad substrate specificity, and may function toward other RNAs.
Ligation probably proceeds through 3 nucleotidyl transfer steps, with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini being hydrolyzed to 3'-P termini in a step that precedes 3'-P activation with GMP. In the first nucleotidyl transfer step, RTCB reacts with GTP to form a covalent RTCB-histidine-GMP intermediate with release of PPi; in the second step, the GMP moiety is transferred to the RNA 3'-P; in the third step, the 5'-OH from the opposite RNA strand attacks the activated 3'-P to form a 3',5'-phosphodiester bond and release GMP.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL13 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E family.
Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. YchF/OLA1 subfamily.
Hydrolyzes ATP, and can also hydrolyze GTP with lower efficiency. Has lower affinity for GTP.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Aurora subfamily.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA1 subunit family.
Belongs to the threonine aldolase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS6 family.
Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family.
Belongs to the archaeal rpoM/eukaryotic RPA12/RPB9/RPC11 RNA polymerase family.
Component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex consisting of 17 subunits.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
Belongs to the OXA1/ALB3/YidC (TC 2.A.9.2) family.
Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family. Ribosome biogenesis protein NSA2 subfamily.
Component of the pre-66S ribosomal particle.
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. May play a part in the quality control of pre-60S particles.
Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta-synthase family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.
Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic (By similarity).
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.
Catalyzes the synthesis of the hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P) moiety of thiamine from aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) in a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent reaction.
Irreversibly inhibited by the herbicide L-phosphinothricin (PPT).
Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in chloroplasts and mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln).
Belongs to the amidase family. GatA subfamily.
Subunit of the heterotrimeric GatCAB amidotransferase (AdT) complex, composed of A, B and C subunits.
This protein may be expected to contain an N-terminal transit peptide but none has been predicted.
Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL21 family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 1 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily.
Constitutively expressed during the cell cycle and flagella regeneration.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS12 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.
Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.
Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde.
During the catalytic reaction, a sulfide is transferred from Cys-233 to a reaction intermediate, generating a dehydroalanine residue.
Involved in biosynthesis of the thiamine precursor thiazole. Catalyzes the conversion of NAD and glycine to adenosine diphosphate 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole-2-carboxylic acid (ADT), an adenylated thiazole intermediate. The reaction includes an iron-dependent sulfide transfer from a conserved cysteine residue of the protein to a thiazole intermediate. The enzyme can only undergo a single turnover, which suggests it is a suicide enzyme. May have additional roles in adaptation to various stress conditions and in DNA damage tolerance.
Heterotrimeric complex composed of SEC61-alpha, SEC61-beta and SEC61-gamma (Probable). Interacts with ARSA2 (PubMed:28382961).
Necessary for protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS25 family.
Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 2 family.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the nonaspanin (TM9SF) (TC 9.A.2) family.
Although similar to the small GTPase superfamily, lacks the conserved catalytic Gln in position 79 which is replaced by a Ser residue, possibly explaining the weak GTPase activity. In contrast to other members of the family, it is not prenylated (PubMed:21505417).
Component of the IFT complex B, the core composed of IFT25, IFT27, IFT46, IFT52, IFT74, IFT81 and IFT88 as well as associated subunits IFT20, IFT57, IFT80 and IFT172. Interacts with IFT25; the interaction is direct.
Small GTPase-like component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B. Forms a subcomplex within the IFT complex B with IFT25. Has very low GTPase activity either because it lacks the conserved catalytic Gln in position 79 or because it requires some GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GTP turnover.
Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.
Tetramer of two large and two small subunits linked by two disulfide bonds.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS7 family.
Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family.
Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family.
Belongs to the polyprenol kinase family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.
Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family.
Heterotetramer of subunits RFC2, RFC3, RFC4 and RFC5 that can form a complex with RFC1.
Belongs to the RecA family. RAD51 subfamily.
Binds to single and double-stranded DNA and exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Unwinds duplex DNA. Component of the meiotic recombination pathway. Seems to play a role in mediating chromosome homology search, chromosome pairing and synapsis at early stages and probably chromosome crossing-over at later stages in meiosis. Probably is involved in the repair of meiotic double strand breaks (DBSs) and in homologous recombination.
Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.
Adds a GMP to the 5'-end of tRNA(His) after transcription and RNase P cleavage.
Belongs to the tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase family.
Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.
Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase family.
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of four acetate groups of uroporphyrinogen-III to yield coproporphyrinogen-III.
Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.
Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), a key regulator of ciliary/flagellar motility which maintains the alignment and integrity of the distal axoneme and regulates microtubule sliding in motile axonemes (PubMed:23427265, PubMed:25411337).
Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), composed of DRC1, DRC2, DRC3, DRC4, DRC5, DRC6, DRC7, DRC8, DRC9, DRC10 and DRC11 (PubMed:23427265, PubMed:25411337).
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Erg6/SMT family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL33 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL28 family.
Component of the IFT complex B, the core composed of IFT25, IFT27, IFT46, IFT52, IFT74, IFT81 and IFT88 as well as associated subunits IFT20, IFT57, IFT80 and IFT172. Interacts with IFT27; the interaction is direct.
Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B. Forms a subcomplex within the IFT complex B with IFT27.
Was initially classified as a member of the small heat shock family protein. However, it was later shown that it is not the case (PubMed:21505417).
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC23 subfamily.
Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the AIR carboxylase family. Class I subfamily.
Scaffold protein for the de novo synthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters within mitochondria, which is required for maturation of both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] proteins.
As part of MIA, a complex associated with the outer doublet microtubules of the axoneme, may play a role in ciliary/flagellar motility by regulating the assembly and the activity of axonemal inner dynein arm.
Interacts with FAP73; form the modifier of inner arm (MIA) complex.
The mia1-1, mia1-2, mia1-3 and mia1-4 mutants do not express the protein in the axoneme and display slightly jerky, slow swimming phenotypes, reduced flagellar beat frequencies and defective phototaxis.
Belongs to the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively.
Belongs to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) family.
Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL36 family.
Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family.
Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family.
Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.
Belongs to the NADH:flavin oxidoreductase/NADH oxidase family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA8 subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL14 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family.
Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family.
Binds 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters per subunit. One cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Fibrillarin family.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
In eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.
Ubiquitin-protein ligase which is mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the dynein light chain LC1-type family.
Interacts with OCAD2, a outer arm dynein heavy chain (PubMed:19620633, PubMed:22157010). Interacts with tubulin (previously called p45) located within the A-tubule of the outer doublets in a ATP-independent manner (PubMed:19620633, PubMed:10876244, PubMed:22157010).
Outer (ODAs) and inner (IDAs) dynein arms contain the molecular motors that generate the force to move cilia by ATP-dependent reactions. There are two mechanosensory systems that monitor and respond to the mechanical state (curvature) of the axoneme. One system involves the central pair microtubule complex and radial spokes and the second system involves the outer dynein arms.
Part of the multisubunit axonemal ATPase complexes that generate the force for flagellar motility and govern beat frequency (PubMed:19620633). Component of the outer arm dynein (ODA) (PubMed:19620633). May be involved in a mechanosensory feedback mechanism controlling ODA activity based on external conformational cues by tethering the outer arm dynein heavy chain (ODA2) to the A-tubule of the outer doublet microtubules within the axoneme (PubMed:22157010, PubMed:10353837, PubMed:19620633).
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Belongs to the CSN7/EIF3M family. CSN7 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL20 family.
Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family.
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. The coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the acyl-ACP thioesterase family.
Plays an essential role in chain termination during de novo fatty acid synthesis.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL6 family.
Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
Belongs to the dynein light chain family.
Consists of at least 3 heavy chains (alpha, beta and gamma), 2 intermediate chains and 8 light chains.
Divalent metal ions. Mg(2+) is the most effective.
Belongs to the peroxisomal membrane protein PXMP2/4 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (25S, 5.8S and 5S).
Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. IRG family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL13 family.
Component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.
As a component of IFT complex A (IFT-A), a complex required for retrograde ciliary transport and entry into cilia of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), it is involved in ciliogenesis. Involved in retrograde ciliary transport along microtubules from the ciliary tip to the base.
Component of the IFT complex A (IFT-A) complex.
Component of the outer dynein arm complex required for assembly of the outer dynein arm-docking complex (ODA-DC) and the outer dynein arm onto the doublet microtubule.
Component of the outer dynein arm complex.
Impaired motility and outer dynein arm defects.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.
Belongs to the phospholipase D family. MitoPLD/Zucchini subfamily.
In contrast to other members of the phospholipase D family, contains only one PLD phosphodiesterase domain, suggesting that it has a single half-catalytic and requires homodimerization to form a complete active site.
Plays a critical role in PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis (By similarity). piRNAs provide essential protection against the activity of mobile genetic elements. piRNA-mediated transposon silencing is thus critical for maintaining genome stability. Backbone-non-specific, single strand-specific nuclease, cleaving either RNA or DNA substrates with similar affinity (By similarity). Produces 5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl termini, suggesting it could directly participate in the processing of primary piRNA transcripts (By similarity). Has been proposed to act as a cardiolipin hydrolase to generate phosphatidic acid at mitochondrial surface. Although it cannot be excluded that it can act as a phospholipase in some circumstances, this activity could not be confirmed (By similarity).
Belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family.
Catalyzes a two-step oxygenase reaction involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Acts specifically on the non-esterified chlorophyllide a and not on chlorophyll a.
PsaD can form complexes with ferredoxin and ferredoxin-oxidoreductase in photosystem I (PS I) reaction center. PSAD may encode the ferredoxin-docking protein.
Participates in efficiency of electron transfer from plastocyanin to P700 (or cytochrome c553 in algae and cyanobacteria). This plastocyanin-docking protein contributes to the specific association of plastocyanin to PSI.
Probably participates in efficiency of electron transfer from plastocyanin to P700 (or cytochrome c553 in algae and cyanobacteria). This plastocyanin-docking protein contributes to the specific association of plastocyanin to PSI.
Induced transiently by high light stress (at protein level).
Required for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a mechanism that converts and dissipates the harmful excess absorbed light energy into heat and protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photo-oxidative damage (PubMed:27358399, PubMed:27329221). Seems involved in the activation of NPQ, possibly by promoting conformational changes required for activation of LHCSR3-dependent quenching in the antenna of photosystem II (PSII) (PubMed:27358399, PubMed:27329221).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL1 family.
Component of the ESCRT-I complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport I), a regulator of vesicular trafficking process.
Belongs to the zeta carotene desaturase family.
Catalyzes the conversion of zeta-carotene to lycopene via the intermediary of neurosporene. It carries out two consecutive desaturations (introduction of double bonds) at positions C-7 and C-7'.
Belongs to the WD repeat WDR5/wds family.
Loss of monomethylated, an increase of dimethylated and a decrease of trimethylated 'Lys-4' histone H3, and defects in epigenetic silencing.
Part of a complex involved in 'Lys-4' histone H3 methylation.
Belongs to the cysteine dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the gamma-class carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo12/eukaryotic RPC10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Can be divided into a N-terminal globular domain, a proline-rich P-domain forming an elongated arm-like structure and a C-terminal acidic domain. The P-domain binds one molecule of calcium with high affinity, whereas the acidic C-domain binds multiple calcium ions with low affinity (By similarity).
Molecular calcium-binding chaperone promoting folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the ER via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin may interact transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER (By similarity).
The interaction with glycans occurs through a binding site in the globular lectin domain.
The zinc binding sites are localized to the N-domain.
Belongs to the WD repeat peroxin-7 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family.
Belongs to the nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) family.
Binds 1 heme c group covalently per subunit.
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Belongs to the diacylglycerol acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL43 family.
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. FEN1 subfamily.
Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. They probably participate in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. May bind an additional third magnesium ion after substrate binding.
Interacts with PCNA. Three molecules of FEN1 bind to one PCNA trimer with each molecule binding to one PCNA monomer. PCNA stimulates the nuclease activity without altering cleavage specificity.
Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation upon DNA damage induces relocalization to the nuclear plasma.
Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-terminated flap. Acts as a genome stabilization factor that prevents flaps from equilibrating into structures that lead to duplications and deletions. Also possesses 5'-3' exonuclease activity on nicked or gapped double-stranded DNA, and exhibits RNase H activity. Also involved in replication and repair of rDNA and in repairing mitochondrial DNA.
Transmembrane component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. Required for ciliogenesis and sonic hedgehog/SHH signaling.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
Belongs to the thioredoxin family. Plant CITRX-type subfamily.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family.
Belongs to the bifunctional nuclease family.
Bifunctional nuclease with both RNase and DNase activities. Involved in basal defense response. Participates in abscisic acid-derived callose deposition following infection by a necrotrophic pathogen.
Belongs to the ribose 5-phosphate isomerase family.
Belongs to the pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase family.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.
Component of LSM protein complexes, which are involved in RNA processing.
Belongs to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein family.
The Rieske protein is a high potential 2Fe-2S protein.
Belongs to the polypeptide deformylase family.
Removes the formyl group from the N-terminal Met of newly synthesized proteins.
The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine.
The glycine cleavage system is composed of four proteins: P, T, L and H.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family.
Probably involved in the biogenesis of the COX complex.
ADP:ATP antiporter that mediates import of ADP into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis, and export of ATP out to fuel the cell (By similarity). Cycles between the cytoplasmic-open state (c-state) and the matrix-open state (m-state): operates by the alternating access mechanism with a single substrate-binding site intermittently exposed to either the cytosolic (c-state) or matrix (m-state) side of the inner mitochondrial membrane (By similarity).
Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane.
The matrix-open state (m-state) is inhibited by the membrane-permeable bongkrekic acid (BKA). The cytoplasmic-open state (c-state) is inhibited by the membrane-impermeable toxic inhibitor carboxyatractyloside (CATR).
The transmembrane helices are not perpendicular to the plane of the membrane, but cross the membrane at an angle. At least 2 of the odd-numbered transmembrane helices exhibit a sharp kink, due to the presence of a conserved proline residue.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA13 subunit family.
Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. POR subfamily.
Phototransformation of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide).
Acetylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 stabilizes microtubules and affects affinity and processivity of microtubule motors. This modification has a role in multiple cellular functions, ranging from cell motility, cell cycle progression or cell differentiation to intracellular trafficking and signaling (By similarity).
Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Undergoes a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle, the cyclic removal and re-addition of a C-terminal tyrosine residue by the enzymes tubulin tyrosine carboxypeptidase (TTCP) and tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL), respectively.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCF family. Translational throttle EttA subfamily.
Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), composed of at least DRC1, DRC2, DRC3, DRC4, DRC5, DRC6, DRC7, DRC8, DRC9, DRC10 and DRC11 (PubMed:23427265, PubMed:25411337).
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family.
Required for vesicle-mediated transport. Catalyzes the fusion of transport vesicles within the Golgi cisternae. Is also required for transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi stack. Seems to function as a fusion protein required for the delivery of cargo proteins to all compartments of the Golgi stack independent of vesicle origin.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Has a role in the nuclear export of 40S pre-ribosomal subunit to the cytoplasm.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL36 family.
Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the RING-type zinc finger family. LOG2 subfamily.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Nitrate/nitrite porter (TC 2.A.1.8) family.
Belongs to the plastid outer envelope porin OEP21 (TC 1.B.29) family.
Voltage-dependent rectifying anion channel that facilitates the translocation between chloroplast and cytoplasm of phosphorylated carbohydrates such as triosephosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate and inorganic phosphate (Pi) depending of ATP to triosephosphate ratio in the plastidial intermembrane space; in high triosephosphate/ATP conditions (e.g. photosynthesis), export of triosphosphate from chloroplast (outward rectifying channels), but in high ATP/triosephosphate conditions (e.g. dark phase), import of phosphosolutes (inward rectifying channels).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.
Hydrolyzes 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (HIBYL-CoA), a saline catabolite. Has high activity toward isobutyryl-CoA. Could be an isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase that functions in valine catabolism.
TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Allantoinase family.
Belongs to the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit family.
Component of a prohibitin multimeric complex in mitochondrial membranes.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL30 family.
Belongs to the beta-class carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family.
Part of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex.
Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.
Required for proper 27S pre-rRNA processing and 60S ribosome subunit assembly.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family.
Small adapter protein that modulate the activity of plastid Clp protease system (CLPC) (By similarity). Probably involved in substrate selection for plastid CLPC (By similarity).
Belongs to the V-ATPase F subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex.
Belongs to the 2Fe2S plant-type ferredoxin family.
Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions.
Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL19 family.
Belongs to the ATPase delta chain family.
Activated by blue light and repressed by red light.
Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of free fatty acids to n-alkanes or n-alkenes in response to blue light (PubMed:28860382, PubMed:30144559). Substrate preference is toward fatty acids with C17 or C18 chains (PubMed:28860382, PubMed:30144559). Saturated fatty acids are converted to alkanes, not alkenes (PubMed:28860382, PubMed:30144559). The decarboxylation is initiated through electron abstraction from the fatty acid by the photo-excited FAD (By similarity).
May be used in light-driven, bio-based production of hydrocarbons.
F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, F(1) - the catalytic core - and F(0) - the membrane proton channel. F(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). F(0) has four main subunits: a(1), b(1), b'(1) and c(10-14). The alpha and beta chains form an alternating ring which encloses part of the gamma chain. F(1) is attached to F(0) by a central stalk formed by the gamma and epsilon chains, while a peripheral stalk is formed by the delta, b and b' chains.
In plastids the F-type ATPase is also known as CF(1)CF(0).
This protein seems to be part of the stalk that links CF(0) to CF(1). It either transmits conformational changes from CF(0) into CF(1) or is implicated in proton conduction.
Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL15 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL19 family.
Belongs to the bacterial/plant glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family.
This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP.
As part of the central apparatus of the cilium axoneme plays a role in cilium movement and thereby cell motility.
Part of the PDCP1 complex composed of CFAP46, CFAP54, CFAP74 and CFAP221; the PDCP1 complex binds calmodulin.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL32 family.
Belongs to the Mg-chelatase subunits D/I family.
Involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Catalyzes the insertion of magnesium ion into protoporphyrin IX to yield Mg-protoporphyrin IX.
Redox regulation; active in reducing conditions, inactive in oxidizing conditions.
The magnesium chelatase complex is a heterotrimer consisting of subunits CHLI, CHLD, AND CHLH.
Belongs to the nitrate reductase family.
Binds 1 Mo-molybdopterin (Mo-MPT) cofactor per subunit.
Nitrate reductase is a key enzyme involved in the first step of nitrate assimilation in plants, fungi and bacteria.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase epsilon family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) (TC 2.A.105) family.
Mediates the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria.
Required for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a mechanism that converts and dissipates the harmful excess absorbed light energy into heat and protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photo-oxidative damage (PubMed:27335457, PubMed:29555769, PubMed:30782831). Is able to sense luminal acidification of the thylakoid membranes, which occurs along with elevated electron flow caused by excess light, and to induce a large, fast, and reversible pH-dependent quenching in LHCII-containing membranes (PubMed:27335457). Mediates excitation energy transfer from light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) to photosystem I (PSI), rather than photosystem II (PSII), at low pH, which mimics the acidified lumen of the thylakoid membranes in high light-exposed chloroplasts (PubMed:29555769, PubMed:30782831). Activates PSI-dependent fluorescence quenching in addition to dissipating excitation energy in LHCII to avoid photooxidative stress under excess light (PubMed:29555769, PubMed:30782831).
Transiently induced by transition from dark to light (at protein level) (PubMed:8980495, PubMed:10794530). Induced by high light stress (at protein level) (PubMed:19940928, PubMed:24850838).
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family.
Belongs to the SRP receptor beta subunit family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Kinesin II subfamily.
Probably involved in flagellar assembly and maintenance. May play a role in flagellar synthesis.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.
P1 and P2 exist as dimers at the large ribosomal subunit.
Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.
Accessory protein regulating the assembly of the plastid Clp protease system.
Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family.
Heterotetramer of TRAP-alpha, TRAP-beta, TRAP-delta and TRAP-gamma.
Shows a remarkable charge distribution with the N-terminus being highly negatively charged, and the cytoplasmic C-terminus positively charged.
TRAP proteins are part of a complex whose function is to bind calcium to the ER membrane and thereby regulate the retention of ER resident proteins. May be involved in the recycling of the translocation apparatus after completion of the translocation process or may function as a membrane-bound chaperone facilitating folding of translocated proteins.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL54 family.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit.
The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family.
Belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose.
Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family.
Inositol phosphate kinase with a broad substrate specificity.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL18 family.
Belongs to the peptidase S26 family. IMP2 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS30 family.
May be involved in regulating the redox state of functionally important thiol groups within dynein.
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx5 subfamily.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides.
Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
Essential component of cell cytoskeleton; plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth.
Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL17 family.
Belongs to the inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) (TC 2.A.20) family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Organophosphate:Pi antiporter (OPA) (TC 2.A.1.4) family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL31 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase E subunit family.
Catalyzes the formation of the isocyclic ring in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Mediates the cyclase reaction, which results in the formation of divinylprotochlorophyllide (Pchlide) characteristic of all chlorophylls from magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester (MgPMME).
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the divalent anion:Na+ symporter (DASS) superfamily. Na+/sulfate symporter (TC 2.A.47.4) family.
Na(+)/sulfate cotransporter with a probable high-affinity for sulfate and a proteasome dependent turnover.
No effect on sulfate uptake, due to the redundancy with SLT2 and SULTR2. Slt1 and slt2, as well as slt1 and sultr2 double mutants show a 50% decline in uptake while the slt1, slt2 and sultr2 triple mutant exhibits no increase in sulfate uptake capacity when deprived of sulfur.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS11 family.
Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.
Belongs to the clathrin light chain family.
Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles.
Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit.
Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. Cation/proton exchanger (CAX) subfamily.
Vacuolar cation/proton exchanger (CAX). Translocates Ca(2+) and other metal ions into vacuoles using the proton gradient formed by H(+)-ATPase and H(+)-pyrophosphatase.
Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. Tig subfamily.
Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.
The cytochrome b6-f complex functions in the linear cross-membrane transport of electrons between photosystem II and I, as well as in cyclic electron flow around photosystem I.
Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family.
Belongs to the sterol desaturase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family.
Involved in the biosynthesis of ketocarotenoids which are powerful anti-oxidative molecules (PubMed:21398427, PubMed:22526507). Catalyzes the conversion of zeaxanthin to astaxanthin via adonixanthin (PubMed:21398427, PubMed:22526507). Catalyzes the conversion of beta-carotene to canthaxanthin via echinenone (PubMed:21398427, PubMed:22526507).
Required for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a mechanism that converts and dissipates the harmful excess absorbed light energy into heat and protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photo-oxidative damage (PubMed:27358399). Seems involved in the activation of NPQ, possibly by promoting conformational changes required for activation of LHCSR3-dependent quenching in the antenna of photosystem II (PSII) (PubMed:27358399, PubMed:27329221).
Supercomplex made of cofactors A to E. Cofactors A and D function by capturing and stabilizing tubulin in a quasi-native conformation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state.
Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II and III (RNAPII and RNAPIII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin (TC 1.B.8.1) family.
Cilium-specific protein required to control the microtubule-based, ciliary axoneme structure. May act by maintaining the association between IFT subcomplexes A and B (By similarity).
Contains an incomplete active site due to the presence of a Gly residue in position 72 instead of a Gln, probably explaining the inability to hydrolyze GTP.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. SerC subfamily.
Intramembrane-cleaving aspartic protease (I-CLiP) that cleaves type II membrane signal peptides in the hydrophobic plane of the membrane.
Belongs to the alternative oxidase family.
Belongs to the threonine synthase family.
Catalyzes the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin.
Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) a key regulator of ciliary/flagellar motility which maintains the alignment and integrity of the distal axoneme and regulates microtubule sliding in motile axonemes (PubMed:23427265, PubMed:25411337). May play a role in the assembly of N-DRC (PubMed:23427265).
Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), composed of at least DRC1, DRC2, DRC3, DRC4, DRC5, DRC6, DRC7, DRC8, DRC9, DRC10 and DRC11 (PubMed:23427265, PubMed:25411337). Interacts with DRC1, DRC2, DRC3, DRC4, DRC7 and DRC11 (PubMed:25411337).
Defects in DRC5 give the sup-pf4 phenotype characterized by disruption of the assembly of several other N-DRC subunits.
Forms a complex with heterodimeric ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR) and thioredoxin.
Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are expressed 2-22 hours after zygote formation with highest level at 6 hours. Isoform 2 is expressed at low level.
May have a role in the remodeling of the endoplasmic reticulum upon zygote formation.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL34 family.
Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GCN5 subfamily.
Involved in storage lipid mobilization during the growth of higher plant seedling.
Belongs to the V-ATPase proteolipid subunit family.
Proton-conducting pore forming subunit of the membrane integral V0 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL29 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. gTMT family.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine hydroxylase family.
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of the N(6)-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine intermediate to form hypusine, an essential post-translational modification only found in mature eIF-5A factor.
Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53) family.
H(+)/sulfate cotransporter with a probable high-affinity for sulfate and a proteasome independent turnover.
No effect on sulfate uptake, due to the redundancy with SLT1 and SLTR2. Slt1 and sultr2 double mutants, as well as slt2 and sultr2 show a 50% decline in uptake while the slt1, slt2 and sultr2 triple mutant exhibits no increase in sulfate uptake capacity when deprived of sulfur.
Asymmetrically dimethylated at Arg-267 and Arg-398 during flagellum resorption. Probably methylated by PRMT1.
Belongs to the flagellar radial spoke RSP4/6 family.
The radial spoke head is made of five different polypeptides (RSP1, RSP4, RSP6, RSP9, and RSP10).
Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family.
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-phenylalanine to L-tyrosine (Probable). Can functionally complement an Escherichia coli tyrosine auxotroph (PubMed:20959559).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL38 family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family.
Belongs to the complex I 51 kDa subunit family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity and assembly of complex I.
The 2 beta-tubulin genes of Chlamydomonas (beta-1 and beta-2) encode the same protein.
Asymmetrically dimethylated at Arg-243 and Arg-428 during flagellum resorption. Probably methylated by PRMT1.
Exerts its effect at some terminal stage of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis, probably by being involved in the insertion of the copper B into subunit I.
Belongs to the oxidase-dependent Fe transporter (OFeT) (TC 9.A.10.1) family.
Possible role could be the docking of the LHC I antenna complex to the core complex.
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutL/HexB family.
Belongs to the peroxisomal targeting signal receptor family.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase type 1 subfamily.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Has a high-affinity and a low affinity metal-binding site. The true nature of the physiological cofactor is under debate. The enzyme is active with cobalt, zinc, manganese or divalent iron ions. Most likely, methionine aminopeptidases function as mononuclear Fe(2+)-metalloproteases under physiological conditions, and the catalytically relevant metal-binding site has been assigned to the histidine-containing high-affinity site.
Cotranslationally removes the N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins. The N-terminal methionine is often cleaved when the second residue in the primary sequence is small and uncharged (Met-Ala-, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr, or Val).
Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family.
Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the membrane.
Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Oligomer of 24 subunits. There are two types of subunits: L (light) chain and H (heavy) chain. The major chain can be light or heavy, depending on the species and tissue type. The functional molecule forms a roughly spherical shell with a diameter of 12 nm and contains a central cavity into which the insoluble mineral iron core is deposited.
Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation.
Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation.
Belongs to the elongation factor P family.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit; can use either Mg(2+) or Mn(2+).
Pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes non-canonical purine nucleotides such as inosine triphosphate (ITP), deoxyinosine triphosphate (dITP) or xanthosine 5'-triphosphate (XTP) to their respective monophosphate derivatives. The enzyme does not distinguish between the deoxy- and ribose forms. Probably excludes non-canonical purines from RNA and DNA precursor pools, thus preventing their incorporation into RNA and DNA and avoiding chromosomal lesions.
May participate in a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays.
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CPYC subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly.
Belongs to the V-ATPase 116 kDa subunit family.
Essential component of the vacuolar proton pump (V-ATPase), a multimeric enzyme that catalyzes the translocation of protons across the membranes. Required for assembly and activity of the V-ATPase.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.
Regulated by light only upon heat shock.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S9 family.
Algae contain three forms of GAPDH: two cytosolic forms which participate in glycolysis and one chloroplastic form which participates in photosynthesis. These three forms are encoded by distinct genes.
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
GAPDHB, the second subunit found in plants, is absent in algae.
Homotetramer. Component of a complex that contains two dimers of PRK, two tetramers of GAPDH and CP12. CP12 associates with GAPDH, causing its conformation to change. This GAPDH/CP12 complex binds PRK to form a half-complex (one unit). This unit probably dimerizes due partially to interactions between the enzymes of each unit.
Impaired in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under high light conditions.
Induced by sulfur deprivation (PubMed:15470261). Induced by high light stress (at protein level) (PubMed:19940928, PubMed:21267060, PubMed:24850838, PubMed:27358399, PubMed:27693674).
Interacts with the photosystem II-light-harvesting complex II (PSII-LHCII) supercomplex to form PSII-LHCII-LHCSR3 supercomplex.
Required for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a mechanism that converts and dissipates the harmful excess absorbed light energy into heat and protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photo-oxidative damage (PubMed:19940928, PubMed:21267060, PubMed:23716695, PubMed:26817847, PubMed:27626383, PubMed:27693674, PubMed:28233792, PubMed:31042040, PubMed:30782831). NPQ includes dissipating excess light energy to heat (qE) and the reversible coupling of LHCII to photosystems (state transitions or qT), which are considered separate NPQ mechanisms (PubMed:28233792). Is responsible for most of the excess light energy to heat dissipation (qE), also known as energy-dependent chlorophyll fluorescence quenching activity of chlorophyll excited states (PubMed:21267060, PubMed:28233792). Involved in a de-coupling and re-coupling of energy transfer to photosystem II (PSII) during qT (PubMed:28233792). Binds chlorophyll a and b (PubMed:21267060, PubMed:27150505). Is able to sense luminal acidification of the thylakoid membranes, which occurs along with elevated electron flow caused by excess light (PubMed:21267060, PubMed:26817847, PubMed:31042040). Establishes interactions with photosystem II (PSII) antenna components upon lumen acidification, and protonation of lumen-exposed, negatively charged residues both in LHCSR3 and in PSII antenna components (PubMed:26817847). Mediates excitation energy transfer from light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) to photosystem I (PSI), rather than photosystem II (PSII), at low pH, which mimics the acidified lumen of the thylakoid membranes in high light-exposed chloroplasts (PubMed:30782831). Activates PSI-dependent fluorescence quenching in addition to dissipating excitation energy in LHCII to avoid photooxidative stress under excess light (PubMed:30782831). Contributes with PGRL1 to the regulation of electron flow upstream of photosystem I (PSI), and limits the accumulation of electrons on the PSI acceptor side, thus avoiding PSI photoinhibition (PubMed:27693674).
Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. UDP-galactose:UMP antiporter (TC 2.A.7.11) subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (25S, 5.8S and 5S). Interacts with ribosomal protein S21.
Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family.
Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions.
The 4 large subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex are cytochrome b6, subunit IV (17 kDa polypeptide, PetD), cytochrome f and the Rieske protein, while the 4 small subunits are PetG, PetL, PetM and PetN. The complex functions as a dimer.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the FGAMS family.
Allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogen catabolism, the phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate, and plays a central role in maintaining cellular and organismal glucose homeostasis.
Belongs to the glycogen phosphorylase family.
Golgi membrane protein involved in vesicular trafficking.
Component of the 60S subunit of the ribosome.
Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity).
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL40 family.
Belongs to the MsrB Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) to methionine in proteins. Plays a protective role against oxidative stress by restoring activity to proteins that have been inactivated by methionine oxidation. MSRB family specifically reduces the MetSO R-enantiomer.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b, cytochrome c1 and Rieske protein, 2 core protein subunits, and additional low-molecular weight protein subunits.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c.
Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes small subunit family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX47/RRP3 subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.
May play a role in anterograde transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo10/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC34/RPC39 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific peripheric component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit.
Heterooctamer of 4 alpha and 4 beta chains.
Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and nucleotide specificity is provided by the beta subunit.
Belongs to the dynein light intermediate chain family.
Functions as a motor for intraflagellar retrograde transport. Functions in flagellar biogenesis.
The cytoplasmic dynein complex 2 is probably composed by a DHC1B homodimer and a number of D1BLIC light intermediate chains. Interacts with FAP133, FLA10 and LC8.
Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family.
Oligomeric complex that consists of at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins (By similarity). The zeta subunit may be involved in regulating the coat assembly and, hence, the rate of biosynthetic protein transport due to its association-dissociation properties with the coatomer complex.
Belongs to the isopentenyl phosphate kinase family.
Belongs to the complex I 24 kDa subunit family.
Central component of the receptor complex responsible for the recognition and translocation of cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins. Together with TOM22 functions as the transit peptide receptor at the surface of the mitochondrion outer membrane and facilitates the movement of preproteins into the translocation pore.
Component of the IFT complex B, the core composed of IFT25, IFT27, IFT46, IFT52, IFT74, IFT81 and IFT88 as well as associated subunits IFT20, IFT57, IFT80 and IFT172. Interacts with microtubule end-binding protein 1 (MAPRE1/EB1).
Required for the maintenance and formation of cilia and participates in the control of flagellar assembly/disassembly at the tip. Involved in regulating the transition between anterograde and retrograde intraflagellar transport at the tip.
Belongs to the SurE nucleotidase family.
Binds at least 14 chlorophylls (8 Chl-a and 6 Chl-b) and carotenoids such as lutein and neoxanthin.
Repressed by high light intensity due to a transient decrease in mRNA stability. Also down-regulated at lower light intensities by low temperature or limited carbon dioxide supply.
Reversible phosphorylation plays a role in the State transition process and determines the affinity of LHCII for PSI and PSII.
The LHC complex consists of chlorophyll a-b binding proteins.
The N-terminus of the protein extends into the stroma where it is involved with adhesion of granal membranes and post-translational modifications; both are believed to mediate the distribution of excitation energy between photosystems I and II.
The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated. CP29 facilitates the State 1 to State 2 transition, where State I is induced by excess photosystem I (PSI) light and State 2 is induced by excess photosystem II (PSII) light.
Required for N-linked oligosaccharide assembly.
Although similar to the small GTPase superfamily, lacks the conserved catalytic Gln in position 67 which is replaced by a Ser residue, possibly explaining the weak GTPase activity. In contrast to other members of the family, it is not prenylated (PubMed:22076686) and unlikely to associate directly with membranes.
Component of the IFT complex B, composed of IFT88, IFT70, IFT52, IFT46, IFT27, IFT25 and IFT22.
Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B. Functions in regulating the cellular pool size of both complex A and complex B and thus plays a critical role in determining the cellular availability of IFT particles.
Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1.A.56) family. SLC31A subfamily.
Involved in the early part of the secretory pathway.
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CGFS subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphoribulokinase family.
Component of a complex that contains two dimers of PRK, two tetramers of GAPDH and CP12.
Light regulated via thioredoxin by reversible oxidation/reduction of sulfhydryl/disulfide groups.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL22 family.
Binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
LSm subunits form a heteromer with a doughnut shape.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family.
Component of the IFT complex B, the core composed of IFT25, IFT27, IFT46, IFT52, IFT74, IFT81 and IFT88 as well as associated subunits IFT20, IFT57, IFT80 and IFT172. Interacts with IFT81; the interaction is direct: within the IFT complex B, IFT74 and IFT81 mediate the transport of tubulin within the cilium. Interacts with tubulin; interaction is direct.
Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B: together with IFT74, forms a tubulin-binding module that specifically mediates transport of tubulin within the cilium. Binds tubulin via its CH (calponin-homology)-like region. Required for ciliogenesis.
The CH (calponin-homology)-like region shows high similarity to a CH (calponin-homology) domain and mediated binding to the globular domain of tubulin.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family.
Belongs to the plant tobamovirus multiplication TOM1 protein family.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 3 family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Cilium- and flagellum-specific protein that plays a role in axonemal structure organization and motility. Plays a role in outer and inner dynein arm assembly.
May be involved in the calcium-mediated regulation of dynein motor function. Binds 1 mole of calcium.
Catalyzes the formation of the isocyclic ring in chlorophyll biosynthesis under oxygen- and copper-deficient conditions. Mediates the cyclase reaction, which results in the formation of divinylprotochlorophyllide (Pchlide) characteristic of all chlorophylls from magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester (MgPMME).
Induced in absence of copper and oxygen. Regulated by CRR1 protein, which activates its transcription in absence of copper.
Essential component of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) which catalyzes the cleavage of N-terminal signal sequences from nascent proteins as they are translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Essential for the SPC catalytic activity, possibly by stabilizing and positioning the active center of the complex close to the lumenal surface.
Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.
As component of a spoke-associated complex, regulates flagellar dynein activity by mediating regulatory signals between the radial spokes and dynein arms.
Identified in a spoke-associated complex containing CFAP61, CFAP91 and CFAP251; the complex is associated with the radial spokes in the axoneme (PubMed:17967944). The complex associates with Calmodulin; the association is calcium sensitive (PubMed:17967944).
Cys-87 is S-selanylated when selenium levels are high. S-selanylation may increase or be important for glutathione peroxidase activity.
Has thioredoxin peroxidase activity (PubMed:19690965). May also have glutathione peroxidase activity, although this activity is controversial (PubMed:29124185). Protects cells against reactive oxygen species, which may include photooxidative stress, hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides (Ref.1, PubMed:19690965, PubMed:29124185, PubMed:32344528, PubMed:32599138).
Increases cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PubMed:32344528, PubMed:32599138). Decreases cellular levels of triacylglycerol during oxidative stress (induced by nitrogen deprivation) (PubMed:32599138). During oxidative stress (induced by rose bengal or nitrogen starvation), increases expression of genes involved in energy generation and decreases expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, flagellar processes and iron transport (PubMed:32344528, PubMed:32599138). Sensitive to photooxidative stress (induced by rose bengal) (PubMed:32344528).
Strongly induced by singlet oxygen generated from photooxidative stressors (by high light, rose bengal, neutral red, methylene blue, dinoterb, nitrofen, the antioxidant biosynthesis inhibitors norflurazon and isoxaflutole, or a switch of dark-adapted cultures to light) (Ref.1, PubMed:11485197, PubMed:15597886, Ref.5, PubMed:16160847, PubMed:17997989, PubMed:19690965, PubMed:32344528). Mildly to moderately induced by oxidative stress (by hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and paraquat) (Ref.1, PubMed:11485197, Ref.5, PubMed:19690965). Not induced by salt stress (by sodium chloride) (Ref.1).
The peroxidase activity using glutathione as a reducing power is controversial (PubMed:19690965, PubMed:29124185). In one study, GPX5 lacks glutathione peroxidase activity (PubMed:19690965). However, in another study, GPX5 shows glutathione peroxidase activity when cells are grown in selenium rich medium (PubMed:29124185).
Two alternative-length transcripts are expressed that differ in their stress-dependent induction (Probable). The longer product may function during photooxidative stress (Probable). It was speculated that the longer product is directed to chloroplasts, but this is not observed during nitrogen replete or deplete conditions (Probable).
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.
Acts as a linker essential in the assembly of a core complex of PRK/GAPDH. Coordinates the reversible inactivation of chloroplast enzymes GAPDH and PRK during darkness in photosynthetic tissues.
Binds copper and nickel ions. Copper ions catalyze the oxidation of reduced thiol groups and thus promote formation of the disulfide bonds required for linker activity (PubMed:16259044).
Contains two disulfide bonds; only the oxidized protein, with two disulfide bonds, is active in complex formation.
Monomer (By similarity). Component of a complex that contains two dimers of PRK, two tetramers of GAPDH and CP12. CP12 associates with GAPDH, causing its conformation to change. This GAPDH/CP12 complex binds PRK to form a half-complex (one unit). This unit probably dimerizes due partially to interactions between the enzymes of each unit.
Required for normal flagella and striated fiber formation.
The coiled-coil domain is involved in microtubule-binding.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine synthase family.
Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts. Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome. Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step.
eIF-5A seems to be the only eukaryotic protein to have a hypusine residue which is a post-translational modification of a lysine by the addition of a butylamino group.
May help in the organization of the PsaL subunit.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal PrmC-related family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL37 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL23 family.
Part of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC).
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. Sedlin subfamily.
Belongs to the SLC13A/DASS transporter (TC 2.A.47) family. DIT1 subfamily.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase NEP1 family.
Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family.
Plays an important role in the de novo pathway and in the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first commited step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP.
Plays an important role in the de novo pathway and in the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP (By similarity).
Plays an important role in the de novo pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis.
Catalyzes the ferrous insertion into protoporphyrin IX.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB7 subunit family.
May be involved in the degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
May be involved in the degradation process of specific misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family.
Has a role in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of proteins and mRNAs.
Component of the cytoplasmic LSM1-LSM7 complex which is involved in mRNA degradation.
Component of the heptameric LSM1-LSM7 complex that forms a seven-membered ring structure with a donut shape.
Belongs to the truncated hemoglobin family. Group I subfamily.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F(1). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase eukaryotic type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase subfamily.
Catalyzes the NAD-dependent decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose. Necessary for the biosynthesis of the core tetrasaccharide in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.
Belongs to the RNA 3'-terminal cyclase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
Binds four moles of calcium per mole of protein.
This calcium-binding protein is found in the basal body complexes (the functional homolog of the centrosome in animal cell). In mitotic cells it is specifically associated with the poles of the mitotic spindles at the sites of the duplicated basal body complexes.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.
Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10.
Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth.
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a non-competitive inhibitor that prevents formation of the closed enzyme conformation by binding to the same site as the amobile flap. In contrast, mizoribine monophosphate (MZP) is a competitive inhibitor that induces the closed conformation. MPA is a potent inhibitor of mammalian IMPDHs but a poor inhibitor of the bacterial enzymes. MZP is a more potent inhibitor of bacterial IMPDH.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 21 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. HemL subfamily.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL24 family.
Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function.
Functions as two-component phosphorelay mediators between cytokinin sensor histidine kinases and response regulators (B-type ARRs). Plays an important role in propagating cytokinin signal transduction.
Histidine-containing phosphotransfer domain (HPt) contains an active histidine that mediates the phosphotransfer.
60% inhibition by 20 uM tungstate or by lack of glucose in the medium, but no inhibition by sulfate.
Decreased nitrate reductase activity due to a reduced molybdate uptake. No effect in strain 704 due to the presence of a second molybdate transporter.
High affinity molybdate transporter. Acts through an energy-dependent process.
Up-regulated by nitrate, but not by molybdate.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNA1 subfamily.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family.
Belongs to the VAMP-associated protein (VAP) (TC 9.B.17) family.
Interacts with ALB3.1, which is essential for its insertion into thylakoid membrane.
Stabilizes the interaction between PsaC and the PSI core, assists the docking of the ferredoxin to PSI and interacts with ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase.
Involved in the catabolism of quinolinic acid (QA).
Belongs to the MsrA Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL4 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. TRM7 subfamily.
Methylates the 2'-O-ribose of nucleotides at positions 32 and 34 of the tRNA anticodon loop of substrate tRNAs.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.
Dynein-attachment factor required for cilia motility.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ran family.
GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export. Involved in chromatin condensation and control of cell cycle.
Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family.
By selenium, particularly under autotrophic conditions (PubMed:11973339). Repressed by photooxidative stress (by rose bengal) (PubMed:32344528).
May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses. Hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene, but not phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide, can act as acceptors.
Belongs to the CTL (choline transporter-like) family.
Component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC)-associated TREX-2 complex (transcription and export complex 2). Component of the SAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complex. Within the SAGA complex, participates to a subcomplex of SAGA called the DUB module (deubiquitination module).
Involved in mRNA export coupled transcription activation by association with both the TREX-2 and the SAGA complexes. The transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA is a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates to a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates histones. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators, where it is required for transcription. The TREX-2 complex functions in docking export-competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) to the nuclear entrance of the nuclear pore complex (nuclear basket). TREX-2 participates in mRNA export and accurate chromatin positioning in the nucleus by tethering genes to the nuclear periphery.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Phe-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.
Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
During cell division, levels are elevated between hours 0 at the onset of division and 4 at mid-divison. After 5 hours, when division is close to completion, levels decrease and stay low until hour 7.
Microtubule-binding protein which stabilizes dynamic microtubules by slowing growth and shrinkage at both plus and minus ends and serves as a sensor of microtubule damage (By similarity). Induces microtubule branching which is mediated by the formation of long SSNA1 fibrils which guide microtubule protofilaments to split apart from the mother microtubule and form daughter microtubules (PubMed:30250060). Required for cell division (PubMed:12640030).
RNAi-mediated knockdown results in multinucleate, multiflagellate cells.
Self-assembles into fibrils in a head-to-tail fashion.
Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family.
Binds 1 pyruvoyl group covalently per subunit.
Required for vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
Fatty acid desaturase that introduces a cis double bond at the 4-position in 16-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids that contain a Delta(7) double bond, resulting in the production of 16 carbon fatty acid (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoate.
The cytochrome b5 heme-binding domain acts as the direct electron donor to the active site of the desaturase, and does not require an external cytochrome.
Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Ubiquitin-like protein involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagic vesicle formation.
Catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase vacuolar ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
Probable UDP-L-arabinose mutase involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall non-cellulosic polysaccharides.
Belongs to the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase family.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase family.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. IspE subfamily.
Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) a key regulator of ciliary/flagellar motility which maintains the alignment and integrity of the distal axoneme and regulates microtubule sliding in motile axonemes (PubMed:23427265, PubMed:25411337). Required for normal flagellar waveform (PubMed:26063732).
Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), composed of at least DRC1, DRC2, DRC3, DRC4, DRC5, DRC6, DRC7, DRC8, DRC9, DRC10 and DRC11 (PubMed:25411337, PubMed:23427265). Found in a complex with DRC3, DRC4, DRC7 and DRC11 (PubMed:26063732).
Defects in DRC3 give the dc3 phenotype characterized by reduced swimming speed, increased flagellar beat frequency and abnormal flagellar waveform.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 family.
Component of the IFT complex B, the core composed of IFT25, IFT27, IFT46, IFT52, IFT74, IFT81 and IFT88 as well as associated subunits IFT20, IFT57, IFT80 and IFT172. Interacts with IFT81; the interaction is direct: within the IFT complex B, IFT74 and IFT81 mediate the transport of tubulin within the cilium. Interacts (via basic region) with beta-tubulin (via acidic region); interaction is direct.
Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B: together with IFT81, forms a tubulin-binding module that specifically mediates transport of tubulin within the cilium. Binds beta-tubulin via its basic region. Required for ciliogenesis.
Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
Catalyzes the formation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine by condensation of 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil with 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate. This is the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family.
Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing as a core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Component of the IFT complex B, the core composed of IFT25, IFT27, IFT46, IFT52, IFT74, IFT81 and IFT88 as well as associated subunits IFT20, IFT57, IFT80 and IFT172. Interacts with IFT25, IFT52, IFT70, IFT88 and DAW1.
Forms part of a complex involved in intraflagellar transport (IFT), the bi-directional movement of particles required for the assembly, maintenance and functioning of primary cilia. Plays a role in maintaining IFT complex B stability.
Individuals have short, non-motile flagellae.
Belongs to the WD repeat WDR90/POC16 family.
Mutants display shorter flagella and cannot swim.
Required for flagellum assembly and/or maintenance.
Belongs to the ADP/ATP translocase tlc family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 2 family.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. BET3 subfamily.
Microtubule inner protein (MIP) part of the dynein-decorated doublet microtubules (DMTs) in cilia axoneme, which is required for motile cilia beating.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS20 family.
Belongs to the ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase beta subunit family.
Catalytic subunit of the ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR), which catalyzes the two-electron reduction of thioredoxins by the electrons provided by reduced ferredoxin.
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit beta family.
Catalyzes the transfer of a geranylgeranyl moiety from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to both cysteines of proteins with the C-terminal sequence -XXCC, -XCXC and -CCXX.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS27 family.
Belongs to the class-II DAHP synthase family.
Binds 1 divalent cation per subunit. The enzyme is active with manganese, cobalt or cadmium ions.
Belongs to the complex I LYR family. SDHAF3 subfamily.
Interacts with the iron-sulfur protein subunit within the SDH catalytic dimer.
Plays an essential role in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme complex (also referred to as respiratory complex II) that is a component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and which couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) to ubiquinol. Promotes maturation of the iron-sulfur protein subunit of the SDH catalytic dimer, protecting it from the deleterious effects of oxidants. May act together with SDHAF1.
Belongs to the TDD superfamily. DTWD2 family.
Belongs to the peroxidase family. Ascorbate peroxidase subfamily.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of some multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL32 family.
Binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the 40S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex in the cytoplasm. May also be involved in ribosome biogenesis.
Monomer. Associates with the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase large chain family.
Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides.
Belongs to the transaldolase family. Type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the non-oxidative phase in the pentose phosphate pathway. Catalyzes the reversible conversion of sedheptulose-7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into erythrose-4-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate.
Belongs to the IspD/TarI cytidylyltransferase family. IspD subfamily.
Belongs to the nitrite and sulfite reductase 4Fe-4S domain family.
Component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UFC1 subfamily.
E1-like enzyme which specifically catalyzes the second step in ufmylation. Ufmylation is involved in reticulophagy (also called ER-phagy) induced in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family. Delta-COP subfamily.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 64 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase H subunit family.
Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-1 family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. NadB subfamily.
Catalyzes the oxidation of L-aspartate to iminoaspartate.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. ISWI subfamily.
Cilium- and flagellum-specific protein that plays a role in axonemal structure organization and motility (PubMed:24259666, PubMed:24574454). Involved in the control of flagellar beating in an asymmetric and planar waveform (PubMed:24259666, PubMed:24574454). Stabilizes outer doublet microtubules (DMTs) of the axoneme and may work as a scaffold for intratubular proteins, such as tektin and PACRG, to produce the beak structures in DMT1, 5 and 6 (PubMed:24259666, PubMed:24574454). Not essential for flagellar assembly (PubMed:24574454).
Exhibit erratic movements with cells continuously turning around the body axis. Display longer and sharp kinks flagella. Flagella beat in a uncoordinated and deformed non-planar manner. Lost beak-like strucure projections in B-tubules of the outer doublet microtubules (DMTs) 1, 5 and 6.
Associates with the spoke-associated complex containing CFAP61, CFAP91 and CFAP251; the association is calcium sensitive.
Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels and other proteins by Ca(2+). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases.
This protein has four functional calcium-binding sites.
This protein is unusual among eukaryotic calmodulins in having an 11-residue extension of its carboxyl end.
Trimethylation of Lys-119 observed in other calmodulins is absent here.
Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase II transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX21/DDX50 subfamily.
Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily.
Histone methyltransferase. Monomethylates specifically 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9Me1' (H3K9me1) functions as an epigenetic mark of repressed chromatin.
Loss of function mutant (T-DNA insertion) releases the transcriptional silencing of tandem transgenes.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 2 family.
Component of the F(0) channel, it forms part of the peripheral stalk, linking F(1) to F(0). The b'-subunit is a diverged and duplicated form of b found in plants and photosynthetic bacteria.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS5 subunit family.
Absence of outer row dynein and a reduced flagellar beat. Axonemal outer row dynein assembly is prevented by blocking association of heavy chains and intermediate chains in the cytoplasm.
Cilium-specific protein required for cilia structures. Axonemal dynein-associated protein that participates in a structural link between inner and outer row dyneins.
Interacts with both outer row and I1 inner row dyneins.
Involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Together with CUL1, RBX1 and a F-box protein, it forms a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The functional specificity of this complex depends on the type of F-box protein. In the SCF complex, it serves as an adapter that links the F-box protein to CUL1.
Part of a SCF (SKP1-cullin-F-box) protein ligase complex.
Belongs to the flagellar radial spoke RSP14 family.
Belongs to the selenium-binding protein family.
Mediates high-affinity intracellular uptake of the rare oligo-element molybdenum.
Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family. Polyprenol reductase subfamily.
Plays a key role in early steps of protein N-linked glycosylation by being required for the conversion of polyprenol into dolichol. Dolichols are required for the synthesis of dolichol-linked monosaccharides and the oligosaccharide precursor used for N-glycosylation. Acts as a polyprenol reductase that promotes the reduction of the alpha-isoprene unit of polyprenols into dolichols in a NADP-dependent mechanism.
Belongs to the TTC30/dfy-1/fleer family.
Front-end desaturase having a omega-13 desaturase activity for omega-9 unsaturated C18/C20 fatty acids. Strong substrate preferences for linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid for the production of pinolenic and coniferonic acids respectively. No desaturase activity for dihomo gamma-linolenic acid and eicosatertraenoic acid.
The histidine box domains may contain the active site and/or be involved in metal ion binding.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.
Component of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex.
Transfers mannose from GDP-mannose to dolichol monophosphate to form dolichol phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) which is the mannosyl donor in pathways leading to N-glycosylation, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchoring, and O-mannosylation of proteins.
The conversion to 3-oxoalanine (also known as C-formylglycine, FGly), of a serine or cysteine residue in prokaryotes and of a cysteine residue in eukaryotes, is critical for catalytic activity.
Interacts with PIH1D1; the interaction associates DNAAF10 with the R2TP complex (Probable). Interacts with several dynein axonemal assembly factors (PubMed:30428028).
Key assembly factor specifically required for the stability of axonemal dynein heavy chains in cytoplasm.
Mutants show ciliary loss with disappearance of axonemal dynein arms and diminishment of dynein arm heavy chains in the cytoplasm. They have reduced beat frequency and dyskinetic motion of the remaining ventral cilia.
Requires light in addition to a decrease in CO(2) concentration during growth.
Belongs to the V-ATPase C subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment. Subunit C is necessary for the assembly of the catalytic sector of the enzyme and is likely to have a specific function in its catalytic activity.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex (components A to H) attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Belongs to the glutamyl-tRNA reductase family.
As part of MIA, a complex associated with the outer doublet microtubules of the axoneme, may play a role in ciliary/flagellar motility by regulating the assembly and the activity of inner dynein arm.
Interacts with FAP100; form the modifier of inner arm (MIA) complex.
The mia2 mutants do not express the protein in the axoneme and display slightly jerky, slow swimming phenotypes, reduced flagellar beat frequencies and defective phototaxis.
Regulates ciliary localization of the BBSome complex. Together with the BBSome complex, controls SMO ciliary trafficking and contributes to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway regulation. May play a role in neurite outgrowth. May have tumor suppressor function.
Self-associates. Interacts with BBS9; the interaction mediates the association of LZTL1 with the BBsome complex and regulates BBSome ciliary trafficking.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Bacterial/plant glycogen synthase subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA5 subunit family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA12 subunit family.
Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.
Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome.
Binds 1 Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ion per subunit.
Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.
Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family.
Converts phytoene into zeta-carotene via the intermediary of phytofluene by the symmetrical introduction of two double bonds at the C-11 and C-11' positions of phytoene with a concomitant isomerization of two neighboring double bonds at the C9 and C9' positions from trans to cis.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.
This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-5 (PP-T) subfamily.
Belongs to the selenoprotein M/F family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL27 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL35 family.
Belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. SAR1 family.
Involved in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. ARD1 subfamily.
Belongs to the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation.
Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family.
This protein is a component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase complex; first, biotin carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of the carrier protein and then the transcarboxylase transfers the carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.
Belongs to the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase iron-sulfur protein family.
Component of complex II composed of eight subunits in plants: four classical SDH subunits SDH1, SDH2, SDH3 and SDH4 (a flavoprotein (FP), an iron-sulfur protein (IP), and a cytochrome b composed of a large and a small subunit.), as well as four subunits unknown in mitochondria from bacteria and heterotrophic eukaryotes.
Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) (TC 3.A.1) superfamily.
Part of the ABC-type chloroplast envelope-localized sulfate transporter. Required for primary uptake and assimilation of sulfate and chloroplast protein biosynthesis.
Part of the chloroplast sulfate permease holocomplex. May form a heterodimer with SLUP2.
Up-regulated by sulfate deprivation, but not by other environmental stresses.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Katanin p60 subunit A1 subfamily.
Severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays.
Belongs to the V-ATPase V0D/AC39 subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the Mg-chelatase subunit H family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.
Asymmetrically dimethylated at Arg-104, Arg-260, Arg-453, Arg-538 and Arg-615 during flagellum resorption. Probably methylated by PRMT1.
Flagellar radial spokes contribute to the regulation of dynein arm activity and thus the pattern of flagellar bending. They consist of a thin stalk, which is attached to the a subfiber of the outer doublet microtubule, and a bulbous head, which is attached to the stalk and appears to interact with the projections from the central pair of microtubules (PubMed:16507594). Binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner (PubMed:14871938).
In-gel analysis assays show kinase-like activity in vitro. However, such activity has not been confirmed using recombinant protein.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.
Common component of the spliceosome and rRNA processing machinery.
Belongs to the ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase alpha subunit family.
Heterodimer of subunit A (variable subunit) and subunit B (catalytic subunit). Heterodimeric FTR forms a complex with ferredoxin and thioredoxin.
Variable subunit of the ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR), which catalyzes the two-electron reduction of thioredoxins by the electrons provided by reduced ferredoxin.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the NRAMP (TC 2.A.55) family.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 1 family.
Component of the replication protein A complex (RPA) required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RPA is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions. Probably involved in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) induced by genotoxic stresses.
Heterotrimer of RPA1, RPA2 and RPA3 (canonical replication protein A complex).
Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts.
Belongs to the aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase family.
May be involved in the regulation of photosystem II. Required for high levels of photosynthesis oxygen evolution.
OEE2 is not necessary for the accumulation of the core PSII particle or for the accumulation of either OEE1 or OEE3.
Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. OTCase family.
May be involved in both secretory and endocytic intracellular trafficking in the endosomal/prevacuolar compartments.
Belongs to the vitamin-B12 independent methionine synthase family.
Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine resulting in methionine formation.
Belongs to the protoporphyrinogen/coproporphyrinogen oxidase family. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase subfamily.
Catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to form protoporphyrin-IX.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCF family. EF3 subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. AIG1/Toc34/Toc159-like paraseptin GTPase family. TOC34 subfamily.
GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis (By similarity). Functions as an essential component of the outer chloroplast membrane translocon (TOC) complex, which, in turn, catalyzes the import of nucleus-encoded precursor polypeptides from the cytoplasm to the chloroplast (PubMed:23167510).
Homodimer, heterodimer with other TOC proteins, and monomer. Part of the TOC core complex that includes 1 protein for the specific recognition of transit peptides surrounded by a ring composed of four proteins forming translocation channels, and four to five GTP-binding proteins providing energy. This core complex can interact with components of the TIC complex to form a larger import complex (By similarity). Interacts with ARSA1 (PubMed:28382961).
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS21 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 77 family.
65 kDa protein PSRP-7 is the major form.
Associates transiently with chloroplast polysomes.
Associates with the EF-Tu.GDP complex and induces the exchange of GDP to GTP (PubMed:15548736). It remains bound to the aminoacyl-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP complex up to the GTP hydrolysis stage on the ribosome (PubMed:15548736).
Binds to psbD and psbA mRNAs 5'-untranslated regions (UTRs) in vitro.
Component of the chloroplast ribosome 30S and 70S subunits, as well as polysomes.
Component of the chloroplast ribosome 70S subunit, and at low levels, present in polysomes.
Expressed constitutively in both continuous light, and 12 hours light/ 12 hours dark conditions (at protein level).
Induced transiently upon shifting to light; mostly expressed after shifting to light, tand at low levels at the end of the light and dark periods and under continuous light.
Induced transiently upon shifting to light; mostly expressed after shifting to light, to a lower extent at the end of the dark period and under continuous light, and at low levels at the end of the light period.
Visible only at the end of the dark period, in 12 hours light/ 12 hours dark conditions (at protein level) (PubMed:15548736). Induced transiently upon shifting to light; mostly expressed after shifting to light, to a lower extent at the end of the dark period and under continuous light, and at low levels at the end of the light period (PubMed:15548736).
Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL34 family.
Responsible for the formation of the pyrimidine heterocycle in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes the formation of hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P) from histidine and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). The protein uses PLP and the active site histidine to form HMP-P, generating an inactive enzyme. The enzyme can only undergo a single turnover, which suggests it is a suicide enzyme.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S3 family.
Activation of RuBisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; EC 4.1.1.39) involves the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the epsilon-amino group of lysine leading to a carbamate structure.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. MenG/UbiE family.
Involved in the biosynthesis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1). Methyltransferase required for the conversion of 2-phytyl-1,4-beta-naphthoquinol to phylloquinol.
Belongs to the V-ATPase G subunit family.
Catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. FRD/SDH subfamily.
Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Belongs to the chloroplast-specific ribosomal protein cS23 family.
Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the GTP-binding SRP family. SRP54 subfamily.
Component of a signal recognition particle (SRP) complex that consists of a 7SL RNA molecule of 300 nucleotides and six protein subunits: SRP72, SRP68, SRP54, SRP19, SRP14 and SRP9.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As part of the SRP complex, associates with the SRP receptor (SR) component SRPRA to target secretory proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Binds to the signal sequence of presecretory proteins when they emerge from the ribosomes. Displays basal GTPase activity, and stimulates reciprocal GTPase activation of the SR subunit SRPRA. Forms a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent complex with the SR subunit SRPRA. SR compaction and GTPase mediated rearrangement of SR drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER (By similarity). Requires the presence of SRP9/SRP14 and/or SRP19 to stably interact with RNA.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As part of the SRP complex, associates with the SRP receptor (SR) component SRPRA to target secretory proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Binds to the signal sequence of presecretory proteins when they emerge from the ribosomes. Displays basal GTPase activity, and stimulates reciprocal GTPase activation of the SR subunit SRPRA. Forms a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent complex with the SR subunit SRPRA. SR compaction and GTPase mediated rearrangement of SR drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER. Requires the presence of SRP9/SRP14 and/or SRP19 to stably interact with RNA.
The M domain binds the 7SL RNA in presence of SRP19 and binds the signal sequence of presecretory proteins.
The NG domain, also named G domain, is a special guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) domain, which binds GTP and forms a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent complex with a homologous NG domain in the SRP receptor subunit SRPRA. The two NG domains undergo cooperative rearrangements upon their assembly, which culminate in the reciprocal activation of the GTPase activity of one another. SRP receptor compaction upon binding with cargo-loaded SRP and GTPase rearrangement drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER.
Belongs to the RuBisCO small chain family.
Heterohexadecamer of 8 large and 8 small subunits.
RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site. Although the small subunit is not catalytic it is essential for maximal activity.
The basic functional RuBisCO is composed of a large chain homodimer in a 'head-to-tail' conformation. In form I RuBisCO this homodimer is arranged in a barrel-like tetramer with the small subunits forming a tetrameric 'cap' on each end of the 'barrel'.
Arginine methyltransferase that methylates (mono and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues present in target proteins. Mediates asymmetric dimethylation of components of the axoneme during flagellum resorption, such as CCDC40/FAP172, CCDC65/FAP250, RSP1, RSP2, RPS5, RSP6, and tektin (PubMed:24152136).
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase family.
Phosphorylated during flagellum resorption.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA2 subunit family.
Stabilizer subunit of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex; tethers catalytic subunit to the ER.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.
Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS16 family.
Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL31 family.
Belongs to the complex I 23 kDa subunit family.
Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL6 family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c family. PetJ subfamily.
Functions as an electron carrier between membrane-bound cytochrome b6-f and photosystem I in oxygenic photosynthesis.
Thought to function as a monomer, however 2 crystal forms are observed; a homodimer and homotrimer, suggesting the protein oligomerizes.
May be involved in environmental stress response.
Belongs to the archaeal/bacterial/fungal opsin family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. ArgA subfamily.
Belongs to the acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) family.
Binds either 1 Fe or Ni cation per monomer. Iron-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate, while nickel-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate.
Catalyzes 2 different reactions between oxygen and the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene) depending upon the metal bound in the active site. Fe-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Fe-ARD) produces formate and 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate (KMTB), the alpha-ketoacid precursor of methionine in the methionine recycle pathway. Ni-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Ni-ARD) produces methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide and formate, and does not lie on the methionine recycle pathway.
The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein.
Belongs to the ATPase gamma chain family.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The gamma chain is believed to be important in regulating ATPase activity and the flow of protons through the CF(0) complex.
Belongs to the BPG-independent phosphoglycerate mutase family.
Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB3 subunit family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family.
The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and may also direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family.
Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins.
Heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha type and four PFD-beta type subunits.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL33 family.
Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.
Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 family.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
Belongs to the thioredoxin family. Plant H-type subfamily.
Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of the active center dithiol to a disulfide. The H form is known to activate a number of cytosolic enzymes.
This thioredoxin cannot be used as a substrate for E.coli NADPH: thioredoxin reductase, but is a substrate of spinach ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase and can activate NADP-MDH.