Cytokinin-activating enzyme working in the direct activation pathway. Phosphoribohydrolase that converts inactive cytokinin nucleotides to the biologically active free-base forms.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC3/POLR3C RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex consisting of 17 subunits.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific core component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs.
Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
Hydrolyzes 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (HIBYL-CoA), a saline catabolite. Has high activity toward isobutyryl-CoA. Could be an isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase that functions in valine catabolism.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family.
Belongs to the SINA (Seven in absentia) family.
P700 is a chlorophyll a/chlorophyll a' dimer, A0 is one or more chlorophyll a, A1 is one or both phylloquinones and FX is a shared 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur center.
PsaA and PsaB bind P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I (PSI), as well as the electron acceptors A0, A1 and FX. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. Oxidized P700 is reduced on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane by plastocyanin.
The PsaA/B heterodimer binds the P700 chlorophyll special pair and subsequent electron acceptors. PSI consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The eukaryotic PSI reaction center is composed of at least 11 subunits.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S5A family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.
Belongs to the CcmF/CycK/Ccl1/NrfE/CcsA family.
Required during biogenesis of c-type cytochromes (cytochrome c6 and cytochrome f) at the step of heme attachment.
Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.
Lacks conserved residue(s) required for the propagation of feature annotation.
Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX47/RRP3 subfamily.
Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.
Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.
Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations.
Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2.A.17) family.
Involved in the second step of GPI biosynthesis. De-N-acetylation of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol.
Mannosyltransferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. NAA40 subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL23 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family.
Belongs to the ETF alpha-subunit/FixB family.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit.
The electron transfer flavoprotein serves as a specific electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases, including five acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, glutaryl-CoA and sarcosine dehydrogenase. It transfers the electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase).
Belongs to the elongation factor P family.
Belongs to the plastid outer envelope porin OEP21 (TC 1.B.29) family.
Voltage-dependent rectifying anion channel that facilitates the translocation between chloroplast and cytoplasm of phosphorylated carbohydrates such as triosephosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate and inorganic phosphate (Pi) depending of ATP to triosephosphate ratio in the plastidial intermembrane space; in high triosephosphate/ATP conditions (e.g. photosynthesis), export of triosphosphate from chloroplast (outward rectifying channels), but in high ATP/triosephosphate conditions (e.g. dark phase), import of phosphosolutes (inward rectifying channels).
Belongs to the bacterial/plant glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family.
This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP.
Belongs to the HAK/KUP transporter (TC 2.A.72.3) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.
Probably involved in the defense reaction of plants against pathogens.
May be involved in modulation of pathogen defense and leaf cell death.
The C-terminus contains a calmodulin-binding domain, which binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent fashion.
Participates in electron transfer between P700 and the cytochrome b6-f complex in photosystem I.
The crystal structure with reduced Cu(1+) has also been determined.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family.
NDH is composed of at least 16 different subunits, 5 of which are encoded in the nucleus.
NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient.
Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. CMP-Sialate:CMP antiporter (TC 2.A.7.12) subfamily.
May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. BUD32 family.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit.
The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL36 family.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CPYC subfamily.
Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.7) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase epsilon family.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.
Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. phosphate:H(+) symporter (TC 2.A.1.9) family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL13 family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
Component of the 60S subunit of the ribosome.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL40 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
Heterooligomeric complex of about 850 to 900 kDa that forms two stacked rings, 12 to 16 nm in diameter.
Molecular chaperone; assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. Known to play a role, in vitro, in the folding of actin and tubulin.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. BSU subfamily.
Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts. Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome. Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step.
eIF-5A seems to be the only eukaryotic protein to have a hypusine residue which is a post-translational modification of a lysine by the addition of a butylamino group.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family.
The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and may also direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment.
Involved in ribosomal large subunit assembly.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase C subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment. Subunit C is necessary for the assembly of the catalytic sector of the enzyme and is likely to have a specific function in its catalytic activity.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex (components A to H) attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.
Protein S19 forms a complex with S13 that binds strongly to the 16S ribosomal RNA.
Binds to multiple calmodulin (CaM) in the presence of Ca(2+) and CaM-like proteins.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA13 subunit family.
Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family.
Proteolytically removes the C-terminal three residues of farnesylated proteins.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ran family.
GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export. Involved in chromatin condensation and control of cell cycle.
Belongs to the SLC13A/DASS transporter (TC 2.A.47) family. DIT1 subfamily.
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
TAFs are components of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex that is essential for mediating regulation of RNA polymerase transcription.
The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.
Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL6 family.
Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in autophagosomes formation. May mediate the delivery of the autophagosomes to the vacuole via the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Has a role in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of proteins and mRNAs.
Belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL27 family.
Belongs to the LOB domain-containing protein family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.
Belongs to the aromatic acid exporter (TC 2.A.85) family.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of some multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Belongs to the GLUTAMINE DUMPER 1 (TC 9.B.60) family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Phi family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.
Stabilizes the interaction between PsaC and the PSI core, assists the docking of the ferredoxin to PSI and interacts with ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family.
Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP-glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX41 subfamily.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Belongs to the V-ATPase G subunit family.
Catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. NifS/IscS subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family.
Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues.
Contains at least one intrachain disulfide bond essential for its enzymatic activity.
Belongs to the sterol desaturase family.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. The coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the EARLY FLOWERING 4 family.
Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs).
Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 34 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.
GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB7 subunit family.
Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family.
Catalyzes the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin.
Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G family.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII), required for its stability and/or assembly. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
PSII is composed of 1 copy each of membrane proteins PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, PsbE, PsbF, PsbH, PsbI, PsbJ, PsbK, PsbL, PsbM, PsbT, PsbX, PsbY, PsbZ, Psb30/Ycf12, at least 3 peripheral proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex and a large number of cofactors. It forms dimeric complexes.
Phosphorylation is a light-dependent reaction catalyzed by a membrane-bound kinase; phosphorylation occurs on Thr residue(s) in the N-terminus of the protein.
Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1.A.56) family. SLC31A subfamily.
Belongs to the myo-inositol oxygenase family.
The RING-type zinc finger domain is responsible for E3 ligase activity.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development.
Belongs to the selenoprotein M/F family.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin U/P subfamily.
Belongs to the nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) family. Azg-like subfamily.
Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily.
Binds 1 heme b (iron(II)-protoporphyrin IX) group per subunit.
Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.
P1 and P2 exist as dimers at the large ribosomal subunit.
Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
With S4 and S5 plays an important role in translational accuracy. Located at the interface of the 30S and 50S subunits (By similarity).
Belongs to the DDOST 48 kDa subunit family.
Component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal PrmC-related family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. mRNA cap 0 methyltransferase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the dsDNA virus mRNA guanylyltransferase family.
Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the early nodulin-like (ENODL) family.
Belongs to the mitochondrial Rho GTPase family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the SIS family. PHI subfamily.
Belongs to the cytochrome b family. PetD subfamily.
Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions.
The 4 large subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex are cytochrome b6, subunit IV (17 kDa polypeptide, petD), cytochrome f and the Rieske protein, while the 4 small subunits are petG, petL, petM and petN. The complex functions as a dimer (By similarity).
Ubiquitin-protein ligase which is mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.
Belongs to the complex I 23 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.
Divalent metal cations. Prefers magnesium or manganese.
Belongs to the nonaspanin (TM9SF) (TC 9.A.2) family.
Part of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC).
Belongs to the ethylene receptor family.
May act early in the ethylene signal transduction pathway, possibly as an ethylene receptor, or as a regulator of the pathway.
Accumulates during fruit maturation and ripening.
Belongs to the terpene synthase family. Tpsa subfamily.
Binds 3 Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ions per subunit.
Sesquiterpene synthase involved in the biosynthesis of volatile compounds which contribute to fruit flavor and aroma (PubMed:21818683, PubMed:14617067). Mediates the conversion of (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into (+)-valencene (PubMed:21818683, PubMed:14617067). No activity detected with geranyl diphosphate (GPP) (PubMed:14617067).
The Asp-Asp-Xaa-Xaa-Asp/Glu (DDXXD/E) motif is important for the catalytic activity, presumably through binding to Mg(2+).
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S9 family.
Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta-synthase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family.
The PPC domain mediates interactions between AHL proteins.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes small subunit family.
Belongs to the RBR family. Ariadne subfamily.
Might act as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, or as part of E3 complex, which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and then transfers it to substrates.
Belongs to the V-ATPase proteolipid subunit family.
Proton-conducting pore forming subunit of the membrane integral V0 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.
The DHHC domain is required for palmitoyltransferase activity.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. EFM4 family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent protein-lysine N-methyltransferase that methylates elongation factor 1-alpha.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase F subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
Belongs to the plant organ size related (OSR) protein family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA1 subunit family.
Belongs to the intron maturase 2 family. MatK subfamily.
Usually encoded in the trnK tRNA gene intron. Probably assists in splicing its own and other chloroplast group II introns.
Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Folate-biopterin transporter (TC 2.A.71) family.
Acts as a calcium sensor. CBL proteins interact with CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of a CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner.
Belongs to the calcineurin regulatory subunit family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.
Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. UDP-galactose:UMP antiporter (TC 2.A.7.11) subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.
Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family.
Component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 77 family.
Belongs to the peroxidase family. Ascorbate peroxidase subfamily.
Recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin. Involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins.
The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein.
The glycine cleavage system is composed of four proteins: P, T, L and H.
Involved in regulation of actin and microtubule organization. Part of a WAVE complex that activates the Arp2/3 complex.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily.
Acts in the modification of cell walls via demethylesterification of cell wall pectin.
Expressed at high levels in flower buds, shoots and young leaves, and at lower levels in young fruit, young bark and juice vesicles. Not expressed at significant levels in leaf abscission zones following ethylene treatment or in mature leaves. In fruit abscission zones, expression was initially undetectable but increased markedly following ethylene treatment.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the pectinesterase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the PMEI family.
The PMEI region may act as an autoinhibitory domain and prevent untimely PME activity during transport.
Belongs to the RING-type zinc finger family. ATL subfamily.
Belongs to the alternative oxidase family.
Belongs to the polyprenol kinase family.
TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation.
May be involved in fusion of retrograde transport vesicles derived from an endocytic compartment with the Golgi complex.
Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53) family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family.
The primary product of this enzyme is 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone (also termed naringenin-chalcone or chalcone) which can under specific conditions spontaneously isomerize into naringenin.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK6 subfamily.
Broad-specificity nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase that catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between nucleoside triphosphates and monophosphates. Has also ATPase activity.
Belongs to the Casparian strip membrane proteins (CASP) family.
Belongs to the PPR family. PCMP-H subfamily.
Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family.
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA central domain where it helps coordinate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit.
Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. RAV subfamily.
Belongs to the plant dirigent protein family.
Dirigent proteins impart stereoselectivity on the phenoxy radical-coupling reaction, yielding optically active lignans from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol in the biosynthesis of lignans, flavonolignans, and alkaloids and thus plays a central role in plant secondary metabolism.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 32 family.
Acts as a Mg(2+) transporter. Can also transport other divalent cations such as Fe(2+), Sr(2+), Ba(2+), Mn(2+) and Co(2+) but to a much less extent than Mg(2+).
Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. Plant cellulose synthase subfamily.
Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily.
Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found.
Belongs to the V-ATPase 116 kDa subunit family.
Essential component of the vacuolar proton pump (V-ATPase), a multimeric enzyme that catalyzes the translocation of protons across the membranes. Required for assembly and activity of the V-ATPase.
Belongs to the homogentisate dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the complex I LYR family. SDHAF1 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family.
Belongs to the PC-esterase family. TBL subfamily.
Belongs to the plant LTP family. PEARLI1 subfamily.
Belongs to the UTP23/FCF1 family. FCF1 subfamily.
Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes.
Interacts with H3K4me3 and to a lesser extent with H3K4me2.
The PHD-type zinc finger mediates the binding to H3K4me3.
Transcription factor that binds specifically to a 5'-AA[AG]G-3' consensus core sequence.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B-like family.
Belongs to the PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid intracellular receptor family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Tau family.
Belongs to the purine permeases (TC 2.A.7.14) family.
Belongs to the aspartate/glutamate racemases family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family.
Belongs to the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C family.
Component of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP, which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA 5' splice-site and the subsequent assembly of the spliceosome. U1-C is directly involved in initial 5' splice-site recognition for both constitutive and regulated alternative splicing. The interaction with the 5' splice-site seems to precede base-pairing between the pre-mRNA and the U1 snRNA. Stimulates commitment or early (E) complex formation by stabilizing the base pairing of the 5' end of the U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region.
U1 snRNP is composed of the 7 core Sm proteins B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F and G that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP, and at least 3 U1 snRNP-specific proteins U1-70K, U1-A and U1-C. U1-C interacts with U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region of the pre-mRNA.
Putative transcription activator involved in regulating light control of development.
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs).
Acylhydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-1 position.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.
Belongs to the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL18 family.
Required for proper homologous chromosome pairing and efficient cross-over and intragenic recombination during meiosis.
Belongs to the ketol-acid reductoisomerase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS7 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL39 family.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 28 family.
Belongs to the abscisic acid and water stress-induced protein family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.
Belongs to the allene oxide cyclase family.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Belongs to the 'GDXG' lipolytic enzyme family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 48 family.
Belongs to the plant tobamovirus multiplication TOM1 protein family.
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the complex I 51 kDa subunit family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity and assembly of complex I.
Belongs to the phospholipase D family. C2-PLD subfamily.
Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond.
Component of a prohibitin multimeric complex in mitochondrial membranes.
Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.
Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.
Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.
Involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Together with CUL1, RBX1 and a F-box protein, it forms a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The functional specificity of this complex depends on the type of F-box protein. In the SCF complex, it serves as an adapter that links the F-box protein to CUL1.
Part of a SCF (SKP1-cullin-F-box) protein ligase complex.
May serve as docking site to facilitate the association of other proteins to the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the peroxisomal membrane protein PXMP2/4 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Zeta family.
Belongs to the MoaE family. MOCS2B subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of the molybdopterin synthase complex, a complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin. Acts by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms from thiocarboxylated MOCS2A into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group.
Heterotetramer; composed of 2 small (MOCS2A) and 2 large (MOCS2B) subunits.
Belongs to the ARR family. Type-B subfamily.
Transcriptional activator that binds specific DNA sequence.
Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.
Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL32 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB4 RNA polymerase subunit family.
F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, F(1) - the catalytic core - and F(0) - the membrane proton channel. F(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). F(0) has four main subunits: a(1), b(1), b'(1) and c(10-14). The alpha and beta chains form an alternating ring which encloses part of the gamma chain. F(1) is attached to F(0) by a central stalk formed by the gamma and epsilon chains, while a peripheral stalk is formed by the delta, b and b' chains.
In plastids the F-type ATPase is also known as CF(1)CF(0).
Key component of the F(0) channel; it plays a direct role in translocation across the membrane. A homomeric c-ring of between 10-14 subunits forms the central stalk rotor element with the F(1) delta and epsilon subunits.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo6/eukaryotic RPB6 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Is involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 10 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS18 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS17 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.
This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the HesA/MoeB/ThiF family. UBA4 subfamily.
Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Also essential during biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. Acts by mediating the C-terminal thiocarboxylation of sulfur carriers URM1 and MOCS2A. Its N-terminus first activates URM1 and MOCS2A as acyl-adenylates (-COAMP), then the persulfide sulfur on the catalytic cysteine is transferred to URM1 and MOCS2A to form thiocarboxylation (-COSH) of their C-terminus. The reaction probably involves hydrogen sulfide that is generated from the persulfide intermediate and that acts as nucleophile towards URM1 and MOCS2A. Subsequently, a transient disulfide bond is formed. Does not use thiosulfate as sulfur donor; NFS1 probably acting as a sulfur donor for thiocarboxylation reactions.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS25 family.
Belongs to the senescence regulator S40 family.
Belongs to the VAMP-associated protein (VAP) (TC 9.B.17) family.
Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. Flotillin subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family.
Invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.
Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. LCMT family.
Involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.
Acts as a sulfur carrier required for 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Serves as sulfur donor in tRNA 2-thiolation reaction by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by MOCS3. The sulfur is then transferred to tRNA to form 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U. Also acts as a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that is covalently conjugated via an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of target proteins. The thiocarboxylated form serves as substrate for conjugation and oxidative stress specifically induces the formation of UBL-protein conjugates.
C-terminal thiocarboxylation occurs in 2 steps, it is first acyl-adenylated (-COAMP) via the hesA/moeB/thiF part of the MOCS3/UBA4 homolog, then thiocarboxylated (-COSH) via the rhodanese domain of the MOCS3/UBA4 homolog.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN6 subfamily.
Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family.
The Q motif is unique to and characteristic of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases and controls ATP binding and hydrolysis.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the head domain of the 30S subunit.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 17 family.
Component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family.
Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family.
Binds 1 Mo-molybdopterin (Mo-MPT) cofactor per subunit.
Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family.
Binds 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters per subunit. One cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family.
Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations.
Occurs in many kinds of cells as a complex with monomeric actin in a 1:1 ratio.
Expressed at low levels in young leaves, young bark, young fruit, mature fruit vesicles, shoots and flower buds, young bark and juice vesicles. In both leaf and fruit abscission zones, and mature leaves, expression was initially undetectable but increased markedly following ethylene treatment.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL21 family.
Part of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system that transports large folded proteins containing a characteristic twin-arginine motif in their signal peptide across the thylakoid membrane. Involved in delta pH-dependent protein transport required for chloroplast development, especially thylakoid membrane formation. TATC and TATB mediate precursor recognition, whereas TATA facilitates translocation.
Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.1) family.
May act as a component of the auxin efflux carrier.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
The nitrogen atoms of the two glycine residues in the GGXR motif define the oxyanion hole, and stabilize the oxyanion that forms during the nucleophilic attack by the catalytic serine during substrate cleavage.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. EngA (Der) GTPase family.
Tetramer of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL32 family.
Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family.
Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.
Essential component of the TIM23 complex, a complex that mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 6 family.
NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (By similarity).
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 3 family.
Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.2) family.
Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family. RpoC2 subfamily.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
In plastids the minimal PEP RNA polymerase catalytic core is composed of four subunits: alpha, beta, beta', and beta''. When a (nuclear-encoded) sigma factor is associated with the core the holoenzyme is formed, which can initiate transcription.
Cysteine protease that plays a key role in autophagy by mediating both proteolytic activation and delipidation of ATG8 family proteins.
Belongs to the CSN7/EIF3M family. CSN7 subfamily.
Component of the CCR4-NOT complex, at least composed of CRR4 and CAF1 proteins.
Ubiquitous transcription factor required for a diverse set of processes. It is a component of the CCR4 complex involved in the control of gene expression.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily.
Belongs to the Cold-regulated 413 protein family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC9 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Cleaves peptides in various proteins in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. Has a chymotrypsin-like activity. Plays a major role in the degradation of misfolded proteins.
Component of the chloroplastic Clp protease core complex.
Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin (TC 1.B.8.1) family.
Involved in the lipid remodeling steps of GPI-anchor maturation.
Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.
PSK-alpha is produced by endopeptidase digestion. PSK-beta is produced from PSK-alpha by exopeptidase digestion.
Promotes plant cell differentiation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis as well as cell proliferation.
Sulfation is important for activity and for the binding to a putative membrane receptor.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. SIP (TC 1.A.8.10) subfamily.
Functions as two-component phosphorelay mediators between cytokinin sensor histidine kinases and response regulators (B-type ARRs). Plays an important role in propagating cytokinin signal transduction.
Histidine-containing phosphotransfer domain (HPt) contains an active histidine that mediates the phosphotransfer.
Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase.
Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family.
Plays a complex role in regulating the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits.
Ubiquitin-like protein involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagic vesicle formation.
Catalyzes the ferrous insertion into protoporphyrin IX.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface and is required for correct PSII assembly and/or dimerization.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA12 subunit family.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily.
Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen.
May be involved in proton extrusion. Indirectly promotes efficient inorganic carbon uptake into chloroplasts.
May be involved in environmental stress response.
Homooligomer. Interacts with ARC5 and FIS1B on peroxisomes.
Involved in peroxisomal proliferation. Promotes peroxisomal duplication, aggregation or elongation without fission.
Component of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex.
Transfers mannose from GDP-mannose to dolichol monophosphate to form dolichol phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) which is the mannosyl donor in pathways leading to N-glycosylation, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchoring, and O-mannosylation of proteins.
May play a role in photosystem I and II biogenesis.
Originally thought to be a component of PSII; based on experiments in Synechocystis, N.tabacum and barley, and its absence from PSII in T.elongatus and T.vulcanus, this is probably not true.
Belongs to the isocitrate lyase/PEP mutase superfamily. Isocitrate lyase family.
Involved in storage lipid mobilization during the growth of higher plant seedling.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX21/DDX50 subfamily.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase II family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the DHBP synthase family.
May promote appropriate targeting of ribosome-nascent polypeptide complexes.
Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family.
Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the membrane.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. MtnA subfamily.
Catalyzes the interconversion of methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) into methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P).
Belongs to the MsrB Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo5/eukaryotic RPB5 RNA polymerase subunit family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family.
Belongs to the IAA-amido conjugating enzyme family.
Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS6 family.
Belongs to the pectinacetylesterase family.
Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties.
Plant lipoxygenase may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding.
Belongs to the plant CAR protein family.
Belongs to the transcriptional coactivator PC4 family.
Belongs to the SIS family. GutQ/KpsF subfamily.
Belongs to the transketolase family. DXPS subfamily.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.
LSm subunits form a heteromer with a doughnut shape.
Plays a role in U6 snRNP assembly and function. Binds to the 3' end of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS16 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. EngB GTPase family.
Binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
Component of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC).
Belongs to the nucleoporin Nup85 family.
Component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).
Functions as a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. PCH2 subfamily.
Plays a key role in chromosome recombination during meiosis.
Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class C subfamily.
Transcriptional activator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. CPSF5 subfamily.
Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex that plays a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-processing.
Homodimer. Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex.
Belongs to the IPP isomerase type 1 family.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. UMP-CMP kinase subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphates at the expense of ATP. Plays an important role in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Has preference for UMP and CMP as phosphate acceptors.
Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon ATP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent ATP hydrolysis.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL24 family.
Necessary for protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily.
Belongs to the nicotianamine synthase (NAS)-like family.
Synthesizes nicotianamine, a polyamine which serves as a sensor for the physiological iron status within the plant, and/or might be involved in the transport of iron.
Belongs to the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase family.
Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.
Calcium-selective channel required to prevent calcium stores from overfilling.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. Sedlin subfamily.
Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL18 family.
Interacts with the 40S ribosomal subunit.
The SUI1 domain may be involved in RNA binding.
Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
In eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.
Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.
Belongs to the WIP C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
2 of the reaction center chlorophylls (ChlD1 and ChlD2) are entirely coordinated by water.
Belongs to the reaction center PufL/M/PsbA/D family.
Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. D2 is needed for assembly of a stable PSII complex.
The D1/D2 heterodimer binds P680, chlorophylls that are the primary electron donor of PSII, and subsequent electron acceptors. It shares a non-heme iron and each subunit binds pheophytin, quinone, additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and lipids. There is also a Cl(-1) ion associated with D1 and D2, which is required for oxygen evolution. The PSII complex binds additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and specific lipids.
Belongs to the dynein light chain family.
Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class II subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 4L family.
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CC-type subfamily.
Belongs to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) family.
Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Belongs to the eukaryotic diacylglycerol kinase family.
Phosphorylates the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), another important signaling molecule. PA is required for plant development and responses to abiotic stress and pathogen attack.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.
Neddylation of cullins play an essential role in the regulation of SCF-type complexes activity.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Plant sucrose synthase subfamily.
Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways.
Belongs to the alkaline ceramidase family.
Specifically recognizes and binds N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-containing RNAs, and regulates mRNA stability. M6A is a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs and plays a role in mRNA stability and processing.
Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase family.
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of four acetate groups of uroporphyrinogen-III to yield coproporphyrinogen-III.
The jas domain is required for interaction with COI1.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. BRCC36 subfamily.
Belongs to the plant self-incompatibility (S1) protein family.
Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RluA family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. GB1/RHD3 GTPase family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.
Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA.
Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 2 family.
Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products.
Involved in DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR). Possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand-specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity. Also involved in meiotic DSB processing.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 1 family.
Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class IV subfamily.
Belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily. Plant drug/metabolite exporter (P-DME) (TC 2.A.7.4) family.
Component of the 20S core complex of the 26S proteasome. The 26S proteasome is composed of a core protease (CP), known as the 20S proteasome, capped at one or both ends by the 19S regulatory particle (RP/PA700). The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits. The catalytic chamber with the active sites is on the inside of the barrel.
Component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. CPSF2/YSH1 subfamily.
Seems to be required for maximal rate of protein biosynthesis. Enhances ribosome dissociation into subunits and stabilizes the binding of the initiator Met-tRNA(I) to 40 S ribosomal subunits.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily.
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has four main subunits: a(1), b(1), b'(1) and c(9-12).
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.
Decapping enzyme for NAD-capped RNAs: specifically hydrolyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cap from a subset of RNAs by removing the entire NAD moiety from the 5'-end of an NAD-capped RNA.
Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family.
Binds 1 pyruvoyl group covalently per subunit.
Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class I subfamily.
Belongs to the prokaryotic/mitochondrial release factor family.
Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family.
Component of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles containing H/ACA-type snoRNAs (H/ACA snoRNPs).
Required for ribosome biogenesis. Part of a complex which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA. This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Pseudouridine ("psi") residues may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs.
Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase family.
May be involved in the degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
May be involved in the degradation process of specific misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family. RpoC1 subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS11 family.
Participates in efficiency of electron transfer from plastocyanin to P700 (or cytochrome c553 in algae and cyanobacteria). This plastocyanin-docking protein contributes to the specific association of plastocyanin to PSI.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.
Intramembrane-cleaving aspartic protease (I-CLiP) that cleaves type II membrane signal peptides in the hydrophobic plane of the membrane.
Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family.
Belongs to the complex I 30 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.
Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family.
The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated.
Belongs to the PUR DNA-binding protein family.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Katanin p60 subunit A1 subfamily.
Severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays.
Belongs to the CDI family. ICK/KRP subfamily.
Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Component of the 7-subunit TFIIH core complex.
In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape.
Belongs to the PIEZO (TC 1.A.75) family.
Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 1 family.
Binds 1 Ca(2+) ion. Required for its activity.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 17 family.
Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetG is required for either the stability or assembly of the cytochrome b6-f complex.
The 4 large subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex are cytochrome b6, subunit IV (17 kDa polypeptide, PetD), cytochrome f and the Rieske protein, while the 4 small subunits are PetG, PetL, PetM and PetN. The complex functions as a dimer.
Constitutively interacts with CASP4; required for the localization of procaspase 4 to the ER.
Critical mediator, in cooperation with CASP4, of endoplasmic reticulum-stress induced apoptosis. Required or the activation of CASP4 following endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Required for vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
Belongs to the thioredoxin family. Plant CITRX-type subfamily.
Converts adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and 3'(2')-phosphoadenosine 5'- phosphate (PAP) to AMP.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS28 family.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. BET3 subfamily.
May play a role in vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi.
Belongs to the strictosidine synthase family.
Belongs to the potassium channel family. Plant (TC 1.A.1.4) subfamily.
The KHA domain (rich in hydrophobic and acidic residues) present in the C-terminal part is likely to be important for tetramerization.
The potassium channel is composed of a homo- or heterotetrameric complex of pore-forming subunits.
The segment S4 is probably the voltage-sensor and is characterized by a series of positively charged amino acids. The pore-forming region H5 is enclosed by the transmembrane segments S5 and S6 in the Shaker-type (1P/6TM) and contains the GYGD signature motif which seems to be involved in potassium selectivity.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family.
Acts as a component of a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Component of the SCF-type E3 ligase complex.
Binds 1 heme c group covalently per subunit.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.
Component of several multiprotein Golgi SNARE complexes.
Involved in transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus as well as in intra-Golgi transport. It belongs to a super-family of proteins called t-SNAREs or soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the RecA family. RAD51 subfamily.
Binds to single and double-stranded DNA and exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Unwinds duplex DNA. Component of the meiotic recombination pathway. Seems to play a role in mediating chromosome homology search, chromosome pairing and synapsis at early stages and probably chromosome crossing-over at later stages in meiosis. Probably is involved in the repair of meiotic double strand breaks (DBSs) and in homologous recombination.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. YchF/OLA1 subfamily.
Hydrolyzes ATP, and can also hydrolyze GTP with lower efficiency. Has lower affinity for GTP.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 11 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL36 family.
Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family.
Responsible for the release of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of chloroplastic protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GCN5 subfamily.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. BCS1 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPA49/POLR1E RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL28 family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 4 family.
Functions in brassinosteroid signaling. May function as transcriptional repressor.
Belongs to the fasciclin-like AGP family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Bacterial/plant glycogen synthase subfamily.
Heterooctamer of 4 alpha and 4 beta chains.
Belongs to the plant rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) family.
Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily.
Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl peptide bond of glutathione and glutathione conjugates.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL33 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL12 family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 3 family.
Essential component of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) which catalyzes the cleavage of N-terminal signal sequences from nascent proteins as they are translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Essential for the SPC catalytic activity, possibly by stabilizing and positioning the active center of the complex close to the lumenal surface.
Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family.
Putative gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter (TC 2.A.1.14) family.
Belongs to the class-II DAHP synthase family.
Binds 1 divalent cation per subunit. The enzyme is active with manganese, cobalt or cadmium ions.
Belongs to the CTL (choline transporter-like) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC7 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily.
The DELLA motif is required for its GA-induced degradation.
Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes.
Converts protoheme IX and farnesyl diphosphate to heme O.
Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family.
Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Belongs to the transaldolase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Transaldolase is important for the balance of metabolites in the pentose-phosphate pathway.
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 19 family. Chitinase class I subfamily.
Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, that promotes sister chromatid alignment after DNA damage and facilitates double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) repair via homologous recombination between sister chromatids.
Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. May be part of an intermediate translocation complex acting as a protein-conducting channel at the inner envelope.
There is a partial copy of the N-terminus (positions 1-363) of ycf1 in the inverted repeat (ABI49067).
Belongs to the plant ACBP60 protein family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL22 family.
Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.
Non-catalytic component of the proteasome.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL33 family.
Divalent metal ions. Mg(2+) is the most effective.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX18/HAS1 subfamily.
Belongs to the polyadenylate-binding protein type-1 family.
Interacts with HSP90 in an ATP-dependent manner.
May be involved in the synthesis of minor phospholipids and in modulation of IP3-mediated signal transduction.
Requires a divalent cation for activity.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL19 family.
Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2.A.66.1) family.
The 4 large subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex are cytochrome b6, subunit IV (17 kDa polypeptide, petD), cytochrome f and the Rieske protein, while the 4 small subunits are PetG, PetL, PetM and PetN. The complex functions as a dimer (By similarity).
Belongs to the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta subunit family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. Purple acid phosphatase family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase V0D/AC39 subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. DCP2 subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (25S, 5.8S and 5S).
Belongs to the 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase family.
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the TDD superfamily. DTWD2 family.
Belongs to the GTP-binding elongation factor family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Mitochondrial GTPase that catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.
Catalyzes the interconversion of mannose-6-phosphate to mannose-1-phosphate, the precursor for the synthesis of GDP-mannose. GDP-mannose is an essential sugar nucleotide for the synthesis of D-mannose-containing cell wall polysaccharides (galactomannans and glucomannans), glycolipids, glycoproteins and the antioxidant L-ascorbate.
Probable ATPase of unknown function. Its presence in a non-photosynthetic plant (Epifagus virginiana) and experiments in tobacco indicate that it has an essential function which is probably not related to photosynthesis.
Belongs to the MsrA Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 family.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Belongs to the aerobic coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase family.
Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class A subfamily.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo10/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL29 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.
Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.
Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds to GA-rich elements (GAGA-repeats) present in regulatory sequences of genes involved in developmental processes.
Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.
May function as somatic storage protein during early seedling development.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. FabI subfamily.
May regulate transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. May enhance transcriptional pausing at sites proximal to the promoter, which may in turn facilitate the assembly of an elongation competent RNA polymerase II complex.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. This subunit can bind 18S rRNA.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL13 family.
Hydrolyzes deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) to the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates. Has a strong preference for dCTP and its analogs including 5-iodo-dCTP and 5-methyl-dCTP for which it may even have a higher efficiency. May protect DNA or RNA against the incorporation of these genotoxic nucleotide analogs through their catabolism.
May help in the organization of the PsaE and PsaF subunits.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA8 subunit family.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 5 family.
Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. In the homodimer, two zinc ions are bound between subunits.
Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bond in chlorophyll to yield chlorophyllide and phytol.
Low constitutive expression during fruit development and no marked increase towards the later stages of maturation. Strongly induced after 24 hours of exogenous ethylene treatment and increased further up to 7 days. Gibberellin-A3 (GA3) and the cytokinin N6-benzyladenine (BA) inhibit this induction by ethylene.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex. Interacts with H3K4me3 and to a lesser extent with H3K4me2.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase Pus10 family.
Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family.
Converts phytoene into zeta-carotene via the intermediary of phytofluene by the symmetrical introduction of two double bonds at the C-11 and C-11' positions of phytoene with a concomitant isomerization of two neighboring double bonds at the C9 and C9' positions from trans to cis.
Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family.
Belongs to the NFYA/HAP2 subunit family.
Component of the sequence-specific heterotrimeric transcription factor (NF-Y) which specifically recognizes a 5'-CCAAT-3' box motif found in the promoters of its target genes.
Heterotrimeric transcription factor composed of three components, NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC. NF-YB and NF-YC must interact and dimerize for NF-YA association and DNA binding.
Seems to be required for the assembly of the photosystem I complex.
Converts zeaxanthin into antheraxanthin and subsequently violaxanthin.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family.
Belongs to the clathrin light chain family.
Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 79 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolases 36 family.
Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers.
Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.
Belongs to the SLC29A/ENT transporter (TC 2.A.57) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL34 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL43 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. MPBQ/MBSQ MT family.
Belongs to the chloroplast-specific ribosomal protein cS23 family.
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
Required for the assembly of the V0 complex of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Belongs to the plant egg cell-secreted peptide family.
Involved in the regulation of gamete interactions during the double fertilization and to prevent multiple-pollen tube attraction; mediates the redistribution of the gamete fusogen HAP2/GCS1 to the cell surface after secretion upon sperm arrival.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 64 family.
Belongs to the ATPase epsilon chain family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.
PsaD can form complexes with ferredoxin and ferredoxin-oxidoreductase in photosystem I (PS I) reaction center. PSAD may encode the ferredoxin-docking protein.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 22 family.
Apoprotein for the two 4Fe-4S centers FA and FB of photosystem I (PSI); essential for photochemical activity. FB is the terminal electron acceptor of PSI, donating electrons to ferredoxin. The C-terminus interacts with PsaA/B/D and helps assemble the protein into the PSI complex. Required for binding of PsaD and PsaE to PSI. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn.
Binds 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters. Cluster 2 is most probably the spectroscopically characterized electron acceptor FA and cluster 1 is most probably FB.
The eukaryotic PSI reaction center is composed of at least 11 subunits.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 1 family.
Component of the replication protein A complex (RPA) required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RPA is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions. Probably involved in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) induced by genotoxic stresses.
Heterotrimer of RPA1, RPA2 and RPA3 (canonical replication protein A complex).
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily.
Belongs to the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase family.
Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has four main subunits: a, b, b' and c.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The alpha chain is a regulatory subunit.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruB family.
Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family.
Belongs to the TFIIF alpha subunit family.
TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB. It promotes transcription elongation.
Component of the ESCRT-I complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport I), a regulator of vesicular trafficking process.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. BUD23/WBSCR22 family.
Belongs to the very long-chain fatty acids dehydratase HACD family.
Catalyzes the third of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of two carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate into trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA, within each cycle of fatty acid elongation. Thereby, it participates to the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.
Oligomeric complex that consists of at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins (By similarity). The zeta subunit may be involved in regulating the coat assembly and, hence, the rate of biosynthetic protein transport due to its association-dissociation properties with the coatomer complex.
Asparagine-specific endopeptidase that may be involved in processing of proteins targeted to vacuoles that accumulate during ethylene-regulated processes such as flower opening and flavedo degreening.
High levels are seen in the flowers, a lower level expression is seen in the leaves, while very low levels are seen in the stems and roots.
The levels are low in green fruits but accumulate with color change occurring during ripening, reaching maximum levels in fully colored fruit. The levels increase during flower development and show highest levels in flowers at anthesis.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. ADCK protein kinase family.
Catalyzes the reversible reaction in which hydroxymethyl group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate is transferred onto alpha-ketoisovalerate to form ketopantoate.
During the catalytic reaction, a sulfide is transferred from Cys-223 to a reaction intermediate, generating a dehydroalanine residue.
Involved in biosynthesis of the thiamine precursor thiazole. Catalyzes the conversion of NAD and glycine to adenosine diphosphate 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole-2-carboxylic acid (ADT), an adenylated thiazole intermediate. The reaction includes an iron-dependent sulfide transfer from a conserved cysteine residue of the protein to a thiazole intermediate. The enzyme can only undergo a single turnover, which suggests it is a suicide enzyme. May have additional roles in adaptation to various stress conditions and in DNA damage tolerance.
Levels increase in fruit peel during fruit maturation.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA5 subunit family.
Belongs to the TALE/BELL homeobox family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Quinone oxidoreductase subfamily.
Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the HIBADH-related family. 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase subfamily.
Belongs to the endoribonuclease YbeY family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL14 family.
Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35.5) family.
Magnesium transporter that may mediate the influx of magnesium.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. SDR65C subfamily.
Possible role could be the docking of the LHC I antenna complex to the core complex.
Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family. SDE3 subfamily.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase CarF family.
Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL20 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.
Belongs to the WD repeat peroxin-7 family.
Belongs to the copper/topaquinone oxidase family.
Topaquinone (TPQ) is generated by copper-dependent autoxidation of a specific tyrosyl residue.
Heterodimer of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit. PSII is composed of 1 copy each of membrane proteins PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, PsbE, PsbF, PsbH, PsbI, PsbJ, PsbK, PsbL, PsbM, PsbT, PsbX, PsbY, PsbZ, Psb30/Ycf12, at least 3 peripheral proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex and a large number of cofactors. It forms dimeric complexes.
This b-type cytochrome is tightly associated with the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
With its partner (PsbF) binds heme. PSII binds additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and specific lipids.
Belongs to the ETF beta-subunit/FixA family.
Belongs to the truncated hemoglobin family. Group II subfamily.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.
Belongs to the methylthiotransferase family. CDKAL1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the methylthiolation of N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t(6)A), leading to the formation of 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms(2)t(6)A) at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine.
Belongs to the glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide (GPH) cation symporter transporter (TC 2.A.2.4) family.
Belongs to the ATPase gamma chain family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
Belongs to the complex I subunit 1 family.
Component of the peroxisomal and mitochondrial division machineries. Plays a role in promoting the fission of mitochondria and peroxisomes.
The C-terminus is necessary for mitochondrial or peroxisomal targeting, while the N-terminus is necessary for mitochondrial or peroxisomal fission.
Belongs to the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) (TC 2.A.105) family.
Mediates the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria.
Belongs to the glutaminase PdxT/SNO family.
With its partner (PsbE) binds heme. PSII binds additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and specific lipids.
Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METTL16/RlmF family.
Involved in nucleotide metabolism via production of dUMP, the immediate precursor of thymidine nucleotides, and decreases the intracellular concentration of dUTP so that uracil cannot be incorporated into DNA.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family.
Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine, a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs.
Found at the monomer-monomer interface of the photosystem II (PS II) dimer, plays a role in assembly and dimerization of PSII. PSII is a light-driven water plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation.
PSII is composed of 1 copy each of membrane proteins PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, PsbD, PsbE, PsbF, PsbH, PsbI, PsbJ, PsbK, PsbL, PsbM, PsbT, PsbY, PsbZ, Psb30/Ycf12, at least 3 peripheral proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex and a large number of cofactors. It forms dimeric complexes.
During the catalytic reaction, a sulfide is transferred from Cys-224 to a reaction intermediate, generating a dehydroalanine residue.
Involved in trafficking and recycling of synaptic vesicles.
Belongs to the zeta carotene desaturase family.
Catalyzes the conversion of zeta-carotene to lycopene via the intermediary of neurosporene. It carries out two consecutive desaturations (introduction of double bonds) at positions C-7 and C-7'.
Transcription elongation factor implicated in the maintenance of proper chromatin structure in actively transcribed regions.
Belongs to the C/M/P thioester hydrolase family.
Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type I subfamily.
Heterohexadecamer of 8 large chains and 8 small chains; disulfide-linked. The disulfide link is formed within the large subunit homodimers.
RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate in the photorespiration process. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site.
The basic functional RuBisCO is composed of a large chain homodimer in a 'head-to-tail' conformation. In form I RuBisCO this homodimer is arranged in a barrel-like tetramer with the small subunits forming a tetrameric 'cap' on each end of the 'barrel'.
The disulfide bond which can form in the large chain dimeric partners within the hexadecamer appears to be associated with oxidative stress and protein turnover.
Part of the multisubunit TRAPP (transport protein particle) complex.
Belongs to the 2Fe2S plant-type ferredoxin family.
Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions.
May play a role in anterograde transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
Belongs to the 2S seed storage albumins family.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface.
Binds 16S rRNA, required for the assembly of 30S particles.
The RNA gate region regulates mRNA cap recognition to prevent promiscuous mRNA-binding before assembly of eif3d into the full eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
mRNA cap-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. In the eIF-3 complex, eif3d specifically recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine cap of a subset of mRNAs.
High-conductance voltage-dependent solute channel with a slight selectivity for cations transporting triosephosphates, dicarboxylic acids, ATP, inorganic phosphate (Pi), sugars, and positively or negatively charged amino acids.
Homooligomers form large rather nonselective pores in plastidial outer membranes.
Belongs to the TFIIF beta subunit family.
May be involved in both secretory and endocytic intracellular trafficking in the endosomal/prevacuolar compartments.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL28 family.
May be involved in cooperative interactions with calmodulins or calmodulin-like proteins (By similarity). Recruits calmodulin proteins to microtubules, thus being a potential scaffold in cellular signaling and trafficking (By similarity). May associate with nucleic acids and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level.
Acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) response.
Belongs to the thioesterase PaaI family.
Belongs to the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 2 family.
Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
C-terminally processed by CTPA; processing is essential to allow assembly of the oxygen-evolving complex and thus photosynthetic growth.
Herbicides such as atrazine, BNT, diuron or ioxynil bind in the Q(B) binding site and block subsequent electron transfer.
Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors.
The D1/D2 heterodimer binds P680, chlorophylls that are the primary electron donor of PSII, and subsequent electron acceptors. It shares a non-heme iron and each subunit binds pheophytin, quinone, additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and lipids. D1 provides most of the ligands for the Mn4-Ca-O5 cluster of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). There is also a Cl(-1) ion associated with D1 and D2, which is required for oxygen evolution. The PSII complex binds additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and specific lipids.
Tyr-161 forms a radical intermediate that is referred to as redox-active TyrZ, YZ or Y-Z.
Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetL is important for photoautotrophic growth as well as for electron transfer efficiency and stability of the cytochrome b6-f complex.
Belongs to the NADH dehydrogenase family.
Accumulates in young fruitlets but disappears progressively one month after fecondation.
Belongs to the chalcone isomerase family.
Catalyzes the intramolecular cyclization of bicyclic chalcones into tricyclic (S)-flavanones. Responsible for the isomerization of 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone (also termed chalcone) into naringenin (By similarity).
Expressed in leaves, flowers and fruits.
Part of the biosynthetic pathway for all classes of flavonoids, a large class of secondary plant metabolites, many of which are brightly colored.
Involved in the regulation of the G1/S transition. Increases the DNA binding activity of E2F proteins after heterodimerization.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL37 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell.
Associated with the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II.
Belongs to the pyridoxal phosphate-binding protein YggS/PROSC family.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-binding protein, which may be involved in intracellular homeostatic regulation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family.
Belongs to the 11S seed storage protein (globulins) family.
Hexamer; each subunit is composed of an acidic and a basic chain derived from a single precursor and linked by a disulfide bond.
Belongs to the PC-esterase family. CASD1 subfamily.
Component of LSM protein complexes, which are involved in RNA processing.
Probably involved in membrane trafficking.
Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in chloroplasts and mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln).
Subunit of the heterotrimeric GatCAB amidotransferase (AdT) complex, composed of A, B and C subunits.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family.
Part of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex.
Component of the F(0) channel, it forms part of the peripheral stalk, linking F(1) to F(0).
Belongs to the plant DMP1 protein family.
Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family.
Involved in splicing regulation. Facilitates post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by limiting the degradation of transgene aberrant RNAs by the RNA quality control (RQC) machinery, thus favoring their entry into cytoplasmic siRNA bodies where they can trigger PTGS. Does not participate in the production of small RNAs.
G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site.
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems.
The helical domain is required for self-activation.
Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family.
Glutamate-gated receptor that probably acts as non-selective cation channel.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. AIG1/Toc34/Toc159-like paraseptin GTPase family. TOC34 subfamily.
GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo3/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the nitrite and sulfite reductase 4Fe-4S domain family.
DNA-binding protein that binds to both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA without significant sequence specificity to reversibly repress the transcriptional activity of chloroplast nucleoids by promoting DNA compaction and possibly regulate DNA replication.
Essential protein with sulfite reductase activity required in assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway during both primary and secondary metabolism and thus involved in development and growth.
Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.
Key component of the proton channel; it plays a direct role in the translocation of protons across the membrane.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (25S, 5.8S and 5S). Interacts with ribosomal protein S21.
Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.
Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbC subfamily.
Binds multiple chlorophylls and provides some of the ligands for the Ca-4Mn-5O cluster of the oxygen-evolving complex. It may also provide a ligand for a Cl- that is required for oxygen evolution. PSII binds additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and specific lipids.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). It binds chlorophyll and helps catalyze the primary light-induced photochemical processes of PSII. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation.
May help in the organization of the PsaL subunit.
Belongs to the SOFL plant protein family.
Non-catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
Non-catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells.
Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Erg6/SMT family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family. Ribosome biogenesis protein NSA2 subfamily.
Component of the pre-66S ribosomal particle.
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. May play a part in the quality control of pre-60S particles.
Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks.
Belongs to the NRAMP (TC 2.A.55) family.
Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family.
Belongs to the spermidine/spermine synthase family.
Allosterically activated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. PPi-dependent PFK group II subfamily. Clade 'Long' sub-subfamily.
Regulatory subunit of pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase.
Tetramer of two alpha (regulatory) and two beta (catalytic) chains.
One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC23 subfamily.
Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules.
Belongs to the acyl-ACP thioesterase family.
Plays an essential role in chain termination during de novo fatty acid synthesis.
Component of the 30S ribosomal translation pre-initiation complex which assembles on the 30S ribosome in the order IF-2 and IF-3, IF-1 and N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet); mRNA recruitment can occur at any time during PIC assembly.
One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Stabilizes the binding of IF-2 and IF-3 on the 30S subunit to which N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) subsequently binds. Helps modulate mRNA selection, yielding the 30S pre-initiation complex (PIC). Upon addition of the 50S ribosomal subunit IF-1, IF-2 and IF-3 are released leaving the mature 70S translation initiation complex.
Belongs to the TALE/KNOX homeobox family.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a heterohexamer composed of biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and 2 subunits each of ACCase subunit alpha and ACCase plastid-coded subunit beta (accD).
Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. Biotin carboxylase (BC) catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the transcarboxylase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA.
Cytoprotective ribonuclease (RNase) required for resistance to abiotic stresses, acting as a positive regulator of mRNA decapping during stress.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase subfamily.
Catalyzes the NAD-dependent decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose. Necessary for the biosynthesis of the core tetrasaccharide in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.
Belongs to the cytochrome b family. PetB subfamily.
Binds 2 heme b groups non-covalently with two histidine residues as axial ligands.
Binds one heme group covalently by a single cysteine link with no axial amino acid ligand. This heme was named heme ci.
Heme 1 (or BH or b566) is high-potential and absorbs at about 566 nm, and heme 2 (or BL or b562) is low-potential and absorbs at about 562 nm.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase alpha chain family.
The N-terminal domain is essential for RNAP assembly and basal transcription, whereas the C-terminal domain is involved in interaction with transcriptional regulators and with upstream promoter elements.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S3 family.
Belongs to the CcmH/CycL/Ccl2/NrfF family.
Belongs to the castor/pollux (TC 1.A.1.23) family.
Belongs to the JARID1 histone demethylase family.
The globular domain of the protein is located near the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit, while an extended beta-hairpin is found that lines the wall of the exit tunnel in the center of the 70S ribosome.
This protein binds specifically to 23S rRNA.
Essential for the assembly of the photosystem I (PSI) complex. May act as a chaperone-like factor to guide the assembly of the PSI subunits.
May control the interaction of photosystem II (PSII) cores with the light-harvesting antenna, regulates electron flow through the 2 photosystem reaction centers. PSII is a light-driven water plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation.
Belongs to the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family.
Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbB subfamily.
Binds multiple chlorophylls. PSII binds additional chlorophylls, carotenoids and specific lipids.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) family.
Binds either 1 Fe or Ni cation per monomer. Iron-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate, while nickel-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate.
Catalyzes 2 different reactions between oxygen and the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene) depending upon the metal bound in the active site. Fe-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Fe-ARD) produces formate and 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate (KMTB), the alpha-ketoacid precursor of methionine in the methionine recycle pathway. Ni-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Ni-ARD) produces methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide and formate, and does not lie on the methionine recycle pathway.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL21 family.
Belongs to the TFIIE beta subunit family.
Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and stimulates the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain kinase and DNA-dependent ATPase activities of TFIIH. Both TFIIH and TFIIE are required for promoter clearance by RNA polymerase.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A family.
Belongs to the gamma-class carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL34 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase e1/e2 subunit family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. HMG-CoA synthase family.
Catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA.
Belongs to the Mg-chelatase subunits D/I family.
Involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Catalyzes the insertion of magnesium ion into protoporphyrin IX to yield Mg-protoporphyrin IX.
Redox regulation; active in reducing conditions, inactive in oxidizing conditions.
The magnesium chelatase complex is a heterotrimer consisting of subunits CHLI, CHLD, AND CHLH.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS33 family.
Essential factor for the assembly of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I).
Belongs to the beta-class carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the class II aldolase/RraA-like family.
Catalyzes the aldol cleavage of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate (HMG) into 2 molecules of pyruvate. Also contains a secondary oxaloacetate (OAA) decarboxylase activity due to the common pyruvate enolate transition state formed following C-C bond cleavage in the retro-aldol and decarboxylation reactions.
Binds 1 potassium ion per subunit. The potassium ion interacts primarily with the substrate.
Binds 2 divalent ions per subunit. The metal ions interact primarily with the substrate. Can utilize magnesium, manganese or cobalt (in vitro).
Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. ARD1 subfamily.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine synthase family.
Belongs to the phosphosulfolactate synthase family.
ATPase required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cytosol. This complex then targets to the endoplasmic reticulum by membrane-bound receptors, where the tail-anchored protein is released for insertion. This process is regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis. ATP binding drives the homodimer towards the closed dimer state, facilitating recognition of newly synthesized TA membrane proteins. ATP hydrolysis is required for insertion. Subsequently, the homodimer reverts towards the open dimer state, lowering its affinity for the membrane-bound receptor, and returning it to the cytosol to initiate a new round of targeting.
Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance.
The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine.
Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family.
Belongs to the leguminous lectin family.
Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.
Catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and plays a significant role in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis.
Belongs to the helicase family. RAD3/XPD subfamily.
Essential component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly machinery. Required for the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins.