Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 7 family.
Responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Organophosphate:Pi antiporter (OPA) (TC 2.A.1.4) family.
Mediator of sterol homeostasis involved in sterol uptake, trafficking and distribution into membranes.
ATP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family. ATP-specific subunit beta subfamily.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. The beta subunit determines specificity for ATP.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit. Mg(2+) or Mn(2+).
Catalytic component of the RAG complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. V(D)J recombination assembles a diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in developing B and T-lymphocytes through rearrangement of different V (variable), in some cases D (diversity), and J (joining) gene segments. In the RAG complex, RAG1 mediates the DNA-binding to the conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) and catalyzes the DNA cleavage activities by introducing a double-strand break between the RSS and the adjacent coding segment. RAG2 is not a catalytic component but is required for all known catalytic activities. DNA cleavage occurs in 2 steps: a first nick is introduced in the top strand immediately upstream of the heptamer, generating a 3'-hydroxyl group that can attack the phosphodiester bond on the opposite strand in a direct transesterification reaction, thereby creating 4 DNA ends: 2 hairpin coding ends and 2 blunt, 5'-phosphorylated ends.
The NBD (nonamer binding) DNA-binding domain mediates the specific binding to the nonamer RSS motif by forming a tightly interwoven homodimer that binds and synapses 2 nonamer elements, with each NBD making contact with both DNA molecules. Each RSS is composed of well-conserved heptamer (consensus 5'-CACAGTG-3') and nonamer (consensus 5'-ACAAAAACC-3') sequences separated by a spacer of either 12 bp or 23 bp.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (TC 1.A.9.5) subfamily. GABRG2 sub-subfamily.
Lacks conserved residue(s) required for the propagation of feature annotation.
Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC34/RPC39 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific peripheric component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM61 family.
Catalytic subunit of tRNA (adenine-N(1)-)-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of N(1)-methyladenine at position 58 (m1A58) in initiator methionyl-tRNA.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. DDX15/PRP43 sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase eukaryotic type 2 subfamily.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Has a high-affinity and a low affinity metal-binding site. The true nature of the physiological cofactor is under debate. The enzyme is active with cobalt, zinc, manganese or divalent iron ions. Most likely, methionine aminopeptidases function as mononuclear Fe(2+)-metalloproteases under physiological conditions, and the catalytically relevant metal-binding site has been assigned to the histidine-containing high-affinity site.
Binds EIF2S1 at low magnesium concentrations. Interacts strongly with the eIF-2 gamma-subunit EIF2S3.
Contains approximately 12 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. O-glycosylation is required for EIF2S1 binding.
Cotranslationally removes the N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins. The N-terminal methionine is often cleaved when the second residue in the primary sequence is small and uncharged (Met-Ala-, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr, or Val).
Protects eukaryotic initiation factor EIF2S1 from translation-inhibiting phosphorylation by inhibitory kinases such as EIF2AK2/PKR and EIF2AK1/HCR. Plays a critical role in the regulation of protein synthesis.
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 (TIMP) family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
Biotransformation enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arene and aliphatic epoxides to less reactive and more water soluble dihydrodiols by the trans addition of water.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL22 family.
A connexon is composed of a hexamer of connexins.
Belongs to the connexin family. Alpha-type (group II) subfamily.
One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell.
Belongs to the dihydrofolate reductase family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. ACMSD family.
Converts alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde (ACMS) to alpha-aminomuconate semialdehyde (AMS). ACMS can be converted non-enzymatically to quinolate (QA), a key precursor of NAD, and a potent endogenous excitotoxin of neuronal cells which is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. In the presence of ACMSD, ACMS is converted to AMS, a benign catabolite. ACMSD ultimately controls the metabolic fate of tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. INTS9 subfamily.
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily.
The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues.
Involved in the tethering of the SIN3 complex to core histone proteins.
Belongs to the anion channel-forming bestrophin (TC 1.A.46) family. Calcium-sensitive chloride channel subfamily.
Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.
Component of the 7-subunit TFIIH core complex.
In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. NagA family.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL31 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class myotubularin subfamily.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the NAD synthetase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAF subfamily.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily.
Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily.
Belongs to the opioid neuropeptide precursor family.
Belongs to the ATP:guanido phosphotransferase family.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 56 family.
Belongs to the phosphatidyl serine synthase family.
Catalyzes a base-exchange reaction in which the polar head group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is replaced by L-serine.
Belongs to the V-ATPase E subunit family.
Cysteine protease that plays a key role in autophagy by mediating both proteolytic activation and delipidation of ATG8 family proteins.
Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family.
Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation.
Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. GalNAc-T subfamily.
Belongs to the KIF-binding protein family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL21 family.
Seems to promote the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family.
Component of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC).
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIIc family.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 14 subunits. The complex is composed of a catalytic core of 3 subunits, encoded in the mitochondrial DNA, and 11 supernumerary subunits, which are encoded in the nuclear genome. The complex exists as a monomer or a dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), resulting in different assemblies (supercomplex SCI(1)III(2)IV(1) and megacomplex MCI(2)III(2)IV(2)).
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Trm1 family.
May play a role in motor coordination and exploratory behavior.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily.
Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.
The DHHC domain is required for palmitoyltransferase activity.
Belongs to the intermediate filament family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.
Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family.
Catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) that is essential for nucleotide synthesis.
Homodimer. The active form is probably a hexamer composed of 3 homodimers.
Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. May play a role in binding dynein to membranous organelles or chromosomes.
Belongs to the dynein light intermediate chain family.
Homodimer. The cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex consists of two catalytic heavy chains (HCs) and a number of non-catalytic subunits presented by intermediate chains (ICs).
Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family.
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family.
Belongs to the clathrin light chain family.
Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. RGK family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL15 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB4 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIase E subfamily.
Catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in proteins.
Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Found in a signaling complex consisting of at least ARHGEF2, NOD2 and RIPK2.
Serine/threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role in modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Acts as a key effector of NOD1 and NOD2 signaling pathways: upon activation by bacterial peptidoglycans, NOD1 and NOD2 oligomerize and recruit RIPK2 via CARD-CARD domains, leading to the formation of RIPK2 filaments.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively.
Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 2 subfamily.
G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma.
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.
Belongs to the ATPase delta chain family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain and the peripheric stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha(3)beta(3) subcomplex and subunit a/ATP6 static relative to the rotary elements.
Plays a role in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Promotes the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
Negative regulator of sphingolipid synthesis.
Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Fatty-acid binding protein (FABP) family.
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.
Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine.
Belongs to the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.
Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein alpha subunit family.
F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA12 subunit family.
Complex I is composed of 45 different subunits.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Can also form homotetramers.
Mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis. Terminal step in leucine catabolism. Ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are essential as an alternative source of energy to glucose, as lipid precursors and as regulators of metabolism.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the chemokine-like receptor (CMKLR) family.
Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the spliceosome.
Can bind about 5 Ca(2+) ions per subunit.
Component of the multiprotein chromatin-remodeling complexes SWI/SNF.
Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein.
Belongs to the POU transcription factor family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.
This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the inward rectifier-type potassium channel (TC 1.A.2.1) family.
Belongs to the beta/gamma-crystallin family.
Homo/heterodimer, or complexes of higher-order. The structure of beta-crystallin oligomers seems to be stabilized through interactions between the N-terminal arms.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 23 family.
Component of a complex that binds and activates STK11/LKB1. In the complex, required to stabilize the interaction between CAB39/MO25 (CAB39/MO25alpha or CAB39L/MO25beta) and STK11/LKB1.
Component of a trimeric complex composed of STK11/LKB1, STRAD (STRADA or STRADB) and CAB39/MO25 (CAB39/MO25alpha or CAB39L/MO25beta): the complex tethers STK11/LKB1 in the cytoplasm and stimulates its catalytic activity.
Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.
Has a role in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of proteins and mRNAs.
Functional component of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) for misfolded lumenal proteins. May act by forming a channel that allows the retrotranslocation of misfolded proteins into the cytosol where they are ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome.
Receptor for angiotensin II, a vasoconstricting peptide, which acts as a key regulator of blood pressure and sodium retention by the kidney. The activated receptor in turn couples to G-alpha proteins G(q) and thus activates phospholipase C and increases the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations, which in turn triggers cellular responses such as stimulation of protein kinase C.
Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.
Receptor for endothelin-1. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of binding affinities for ET-A is: ET1 > ET2 >> ET3.
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Belongs to the fructosamine kinase family.
Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. Type III PI4K subfamily.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family.
Belongs to the dynactin subunits 5/6 family. Dynactin subunit 6 subfamily.
Part of the dynactin complex that activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL53 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Aurora subfamily.
Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. SerC subfamily.
Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate to phosphoserine and of 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate to phosphohydroxythreonine.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers.
Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes.
Interacts (via cytoplasmic region) with ILK.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6c family.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 14 subunits. The complex is composed of a catalytic core of 3 subunits MT-CO1, MT-CO2 and MT-CO3, encoded in the mitochondrial DNA, and 11 supernumerary subunits COX4I, COX5A, COX5B, COX6A, COX6B, COX6C, COX7A, COX7B, COX7C, COX8 and NDUFA4, which are encoded in the nuclear genome. The complex exists as a monomer or a dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), resulting in different assemblies (supercomplex SCI(1)III(2)IV(1) and megacomplex MCI(2)III(2)IV(2)).
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC24 subfamily.
G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as receptor for various synthetic opioids and for the psychoactive diterpene salvinorin A. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Plays a role in the perception of pain. Plays a role in mediating reduced physical activity upon treatment with synthetic opioids. Plays a role in the regulation of salivation in response to synthetic opioids. May play a role in arousal and regulation of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions.
Interacts with NHERF1. Interacts with GABARAPL1.
Belongs to the AVIT (prokineticin) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (28S, 5.8S and 5S).
Inhibits calcineurin-dependent transcriptional responses by binding to the catalytic domain of calcineurin A. Could play a role during central nervous system development.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.
Belongs to the WD repeat NOL10/ENP2 family.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. BCS1 subfamily.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UEV subfamily.
Heterotetramer of TRAP-alpha, TRAP-beta, TRAP-delta and TRAP-gamma.
TRAP proteins are part of a complex whose function is to bind calcium to the ER membrane and thereby regulate the retention of ER resident proteins.
Regulates ADAM17 protease, a sheddase of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligands and TNF, thereby plays a role in sleep, cell survival, proliferation, migration and inflammation. Does not exhibit any protease activity on its own.
Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein beta subunit family.
Belongs to the potassium channel family. B (Shab) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv2.2/KCNB2 sub-subfamily.
Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. In the homodimer, two zinc ions are bound between subunits.
Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione.
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
Belongs to the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase family.
Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA (MMCoA) (generated from branched-chain amino acid metabolism and degradation of dietary odd chain fatty acids and cholesterol) to succinyl-CoA (3-carboxypropionyl-CoA), a key intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.
Belongs to the SLC12A transporter family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 7 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK3 subfamily.
Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon GTP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent GTP hydrolysis.
Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates. Has GTP:AMP phosphotransferase and ITP:AMP phosphotransferase activities.
Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family.
Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.
Required for vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphatase family.
Serves as a reserve supply of oxygen and facilitates the movement of oxygen within muscles.
Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and participates in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) for misfolded lumenal proteins. May act by triming the ubiquitin chain on the associated substrate to facilitate their threading through the VCP/p97 pore. Cleaves both polyubiquitin and di-ubiquitin.
May be involved in cell cycle regulation.
Belongs to the V-ATPase H subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex.
Cell autonomous antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
Belongs to the V-ATPase G subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. NDST subfamily.
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 27 family.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B56 family.
Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of enamine/imine intermediates that form during the course of normal metabolism. May facilitate the release of ammonia from these potentially toxic reactive metabolites, reducing their impact on cellular components. It may act on enamine/imine intermediates formed by several types of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent dehydratases including L-threonine dehydratase.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.
Common component of the spliceosome and rRNA processing machinery.
Belongs to the alpha/beta interferon family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.
Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family.
Belongs to the pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class dual specificity subfamily.
Belongs to the secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP) family.
Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal PrmC-related family.
May regulate a number of protein-protein interactions by competing for PDZ domain binding sites.
Belongs to the VAMP-associated protein (VAP) (TC 9.B.17) family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex. Interacts with H3K4me3 and to a lesser extent with H3K4me2.
The PHD-type zinc finger mediates the binding to H3K4me3.
Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Site 1 may preferentially bind zinc ions, while site 2 has a preference for magnesium and/or manganese ions.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN5 subfamily.
Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IV subfamily.
Belongs to the diacylglycerol acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the ELO family. ELOVL6 subfamily.
Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme that elongates fatty acids with 12, 14 and 16 carbons with higher activity toward C16:0 acyl-CoAs. Catalyzes the synthesis of unsaturated C16 long chain fatty acids and, to a lesser extent, C18:0 and those with low desaturation degree. May participate to the production of saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.
Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase small subunit family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. RIO-type Ser/Thr kinase family.
Belongs to the potassium channel family. KQT (TC 1.A.1.15) subfamily. Kv7.1/KCNQ1 sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.
Contains one covalently linked retinal chromophore.
Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. SLC35A subfamily.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. Twinfilin subfamily.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK6 subfamily.
Broad-specificity nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase that catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between nucleoside triphosphates and monophosphates. May have a role in nuclear energy homeostasis. Has also ATPase activity. May be involved in regulation of Cajal body (CB) formation.
Monomer and homodimer. Interacts with COIL (via C-terminus).
Belongs to the TNF receptor-associated factor family. A subfamily.
Multiubiquitin chain receptor involved in modulation of proteasomal degradation. Involved in nucleotide excision repair.
Belongs to the dynein heavy chain family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family.
Binds 3 Ca(2+) ions per subunit. The ions are bound to the C2 domains.
May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone.
Belongs to the synaptophysin/synaptobrevin family.
Cilium- and flagellum-specific protein that plays a role in axonemal structure organization and motility. May play a role in outer and inner dynein arm assembly.
Belongs to the chloride channel CLIC family.
Members of this family may change from a globular, soluble state to a state where the N-terminal domain is inserted into the membrane and functions as chloride channel. A conformation change of the N-terminal domain is thought to expose hydrophobic surfaces that trigger membrane insertion.
Receptor for cholecystokinin. Mediates pancreatic growth and enzyme secretion, smooth muscle contraction of the gall bladder and stomach. Has a 1000-fold higher affinity for CCK rather than for gastrin. It modulates feeding and dopamine-induced behavior in the central and peripheral nervous system. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.
Chaperone protein which promotes assembly of the 20S proteasome as part of a heterodimer with psmg2.
The full-length protein can bind eight Ca(2+) ions via the annexin repeats. Calcium binding causes a major conformation change that modifies dimer contacts and leads to surface exposure of the N-terminal phosphorylation sites; in the absence of Ca(2+), these sites are buried in the interior of the protein core. The N-terminal region becomes disordered in response to calcium-binding.
Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Associated with the PA200 or PA28, the 20S proteasome mediates ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. This type of proteolysis is required in several pathways including spermatogenesis (20S-PA200 complex) or generation of a subset of MHC class I-presented antigenic peptides (20S-PA28 complex).
The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S proteasome core and two 19S regulatory subunits.
Required for the assembly of the V0 complex of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Mediates feedback control of cholesterol synthesis.
Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
Belongs to the ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase family.
In muscle, parvalbumin is thought to be involved in relaxation after contraction. It binds two calcium ions.
Can form homo- and heteropolymers with other CLDN. Homopolymers interact with CLDN1 and CLDN2 homopolymers. Directly interacts with TJP1/ZO-1, TJP2/ZO-2 and TJP3/ZO-3.
Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD Type 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family.
Receptor for glutamate that functions as a ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system.
Belongs to the potassium channel family. Calcium-activated (TC 1.A.1.3) subfamily. KCa1.1/KCNMA1 sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A15 subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily.
Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily.
Belongs to the CSN7/EIF3M family. CSN7 subfamily.
Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes. The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of SCF-type E3 ligase complexes, leading to decrease the Ubl ligase activity of SCF-type complexes such as SCF, CSA or DDB2. The complex is also involved in phosphorylation of p53/TP53, JUN, I-kappa-B-alpha/NFKBIA, ITPK1 and IRF8/ICSBP, possibly via its association with CK2 and PKD kinases. CSN-dependent phosphorylation of TP53 and JUN promotes and protects degradation by the Ubl system, respectively.
Belongs to the RNA 3'-terminal cyclase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, composed of more than 70 proteins and the RNA chaperone small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) U3.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. LDH family.
Appears to regulate cell growth through interactions with the extracellular matrix and cytokines. Binds calcium and copper, several types of collagen, albumin, thrombospondin, PDGF and cell membranes. There are two calcium binding sites; an acidic domain that binds 5 to 8 Ca(2+) with a low affinity and an EF-hand loop that binds a Ca(2+) ion with a high affinity.
Component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC)-associated TREX-2 complex (transcription and export complex 2). Component of the SAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complex. Within the SAGA complex, participates to a subcomplex of SAGA called the DUB module (deubiquitination module).
Involved in mRNA export coupled transcription activation by association with both the TREX-2 and the SAGA complexes. The transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA is a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates to a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates histones. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators, where it is required for transcription. The TREX-2 complex functions in docking export-competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) to the nuclear entrance of the nuclear pore complex (nuclear basket). TREX-2 participates in mRNA export and accurate chromatin positioning in the nucleus by tethering genes to the nuclear periphery.
Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo3/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the dienelactone hydrolase family.
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.
Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Interacts with PRMT5. Interacts with FBXO10. Interacts with FBXO11.
Transcription factor that mediates a transcriptional program in various innate and adaptive immune tissue-resident lymphocyte T cell types such as tissue-resident memory T (Trm), natural killer (trNK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells and negatively regulates gene expression of proteins that promote the egress of tissue-resident T-cell populations from non-lymphoid organs. Plays a role in the development, retention and long-term establishment of adaptive and innate tissue-resident lymphocyte T cell types in non-lymphoid organs, such as the skin and gut, but also in other nonbarrier tissues like liver and kidney, and therefore may provide immediate immunological protection against reactivating infections or viral reinfection. Binds specifically to the PRDI element in the promoter of the beta-interferon gene. Drives the maturation of B-lymphocytes into Ig secreting cells. Associates with the transcriptional repressor ZNF683 to chromatin at gene promoter regions.
The GINS complex plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication.
Belongs to the glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase family.
Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. Has a relaxing effect on smooth muscle. May play an important role in regulating renal hemodynamics, intestinal epithelial transport, adrenal aldosterone secretion, and uterine function.
Belongs to the glucosamine/galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase family.
Catalytic component of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex.
Catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex that acts by directly joining spliced tRNA halves to mature-sized tRNAs by incorporating the precursor-derived splice junction phosphate into the mature tRNA as a canonical 3',5'-phosphodiester. May act as an RNA ligase with broad substrate specificity, and may function toward other RNAs.
Ligation probably proceeds through 3 nucleotidyl transfer steps, with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini being hydrolyzed to 3'-P termini in a step that precedes 3'-P activation with GMP. In the first nucleotidyl transfer step, RTCB reacts with GTP to form a covalent RTCB-histidine-GMP intermediate with release of PPi; in the second step, the GMP moiety is transferred to the RNA 3'-P; in the third step, the 5'-OH from the opposite RNA strand attacks the activated 3'-P to form a 3',5'-phosphodiester bond and release GMP.
Monovalent cation channel required for maintenance of rapid intracellular calcium release. May act as a potassium counter-ion channel that functions in synchronization with calcium release from intracellular stores.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family.
May act by regulating membrane trafficking and cellular morphogenesis.
Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity.
Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. SLC8 subfamily.
The C-terminal part of the hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis activity that results in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (N-product and C-product). In addition, the C-terminal part displays a cholesterol transferase activity that results by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated N-product.
The dually lipidated hedgehog protein N-product is a morphogen which is essential for a variety of patterning events during development.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 13 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Stimulates the RNA helicase activity of EIF4A in the translation initiation complex. Binds weakly mRNA.
Belongs to the ELO family. ELOVL7 subfamily.
Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme with higher activity toward C18 acyl-CoAs, especially C18:3(n-3) acyl-CoAs and C18:3(n-6)-CoAs. Also active toward C20:4-, C18:0-, C18:1-, C18:2- and C16:0-CoAs, and weakly toward C20:0-CoA. Little or no activity toward C22:0-, C24:0-, or C26:0-CoAs. May participate to the production of saturated and polyunsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.
Interacts with the cannabinoid receptor CNR1 (via C-terminus). Does not interact with cannabinoid receptor CNR2.
Suppresses cannabinoid receptor CNR1-mediated tonic inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels.
Necessary for protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Component of cohesin complex, a complex required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate.
Part of the cohesin complex which is composed of a heterodimer between a SMC1 protein (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3, which are attached via their hinge domain, and RAD21 which link them at their heads, and one STAG protein.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.
Catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. In the first step, molybdopterin is adenylated. Subsequently, molybdate is inserted into adenylated molybdopterin and AMP is released.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the MoeA family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the MoaB/Mog family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Quinone oxidoreductase subfamily.
ATPase activity is stimulated by microtubules, which promote homooligomerization. ATP-dependent microtubule severing is stimulated by interaction with KATNB1.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Katanin p60 subunit A1 subfamily. A-like 1 sub-subfamily.
Can homooligomerize into hexameric rings, which may be promoted by interaction with microtubules. Interacts with KATNB1, which may serve as a targeting subunit.
Catalytic subunit of a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation.
Regulates microtubule dynamics in Sertoli cells, a process that is essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility. Severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner, promoting rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC3 subfamily.
Central component of cohesin, a complex required for chromosome cohesion during the cell cycle. The cohesin complex may form a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. Cohesion is coupled to DNA replication and is involved in DNA repair. The cohesin complex also plays an important role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis and in chromosomes movement.
Belongs to the EF-1-beta/EF-1-delta family.
EF-1 is composed of 4 subunits: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma.
EF-1-beta and EF-1-delta stimulate the exchange of GDP bound to EF-1-alpha to GTP.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL41 family.
Belongs to the adenosylhomocysteinase family.
Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family.
Belongs to the DOK family. Type B subfamily.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
Belongs to the dynein light chain Tctex-type family.
Essential for the assembly of the distal half of centrioles, required for centriole elongation.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. CSF-1/PDGF receptor subfamily.
Interacts with homodimeric PDGFA, PDGFB and PDGFC, and with heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB. Monomer in the absence of bound ligand.
Present in an inactive conformation in the absence of bound ligand. Binding of PDGFA and/or PDGFB leads to dimerization and activation by autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues.
Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for PDGFA, PDGFB and PDGFC and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival and chemotaxis. Depending on the context, promotes or inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration. Plays an important role in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Required for normal skeleton development.
Belongs to the chromogranin/secretogranin protein family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ran family.
GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export. Involved in chromatin condensation and control of cell cycle.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. PCH2 subfamily.
Plays a key role in chromosome recombination and chromosome structure development during meiosis. Required at early steps in meiotic recombination that leads to non-crossovers pathways. Also needed for efficient completion of homologous synapsis by influencing crossover distribution along the chromosomes affecting both crossovers and non-crossovers pathways.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family.
May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity.
Belongs to the very long-chain fatty acids dehydratase HACD family.
Catalyzes the third of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of two carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate into trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA, within each cycle of fatty acid elongation. Thereby, it participates to the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.
Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins.
Heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha type and four PFD-beta type subunits.
Belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family. CACNG subfamily.
Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state.
Belongs to the peptidase C78 family. ZUFSP subfamily.
Component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex.
Specific component of the STT3A-containing form of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins.
Protein phosphatase inhibitor that specifically inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) during mitosis.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Monocarboxylate porter (TC 2.A.1.13) family.
Belongs to the ELO family. ELOVL2 subfamily.
Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Acts specifically toward polyunsaturated acyl-CoA with the higher activity toward C20:4(n-6) acyl-CoA. Condensing enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of polyunsaturated very long chain fatty acid (C20- and C22-PUFA). May participate to the production of polyunsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.
The C-terminal di-lysine motif may confer endoplasmic reticulum localization.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 2 family.
Component of ribonuclease P, a protein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends.
Hydrolyzes N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA) which act as inhibitors of NOS. Has therefore a role in the regulation of nitric oxide generation.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS25 family.
Belongs to the teashirt C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. NAA60 subfamily.
Belongs to the multisubunit FA complex composed of FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCL/PHF9 and FANCM. This complex may also include HSP70.
DNA repair protein that may operate in a postreplication repair or a cell cycle checkpoint function. May be implicated in interstrand DNA cross-link repair and in the maintenance of normal chromosome stability. Upon IFNG induction, may facilitate STAT1 activation by recruiting STAT1 to IFNGR1.
Belongs to the TALE/MEIS homeobox family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. cGMP subfamily.
Component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Bicoid subfamily.
Extremely potent competitive inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, this protein interacts with the catalytic subunit of the enzyme after the cAMP-induced dissociation of its regulatory chains.
Belongs to the YY transcription factor family.
Belongs to the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta subunit family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the osteocalcin/matrix Gla protein family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic NMN adenylyltransferase family.
Belongs to the potassium channel KCNE family.
Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP] family.
Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Belongs to the complexin/synaphin family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. SYK/ZAP-70 subfamily.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 21 family.
Belongs to the arylamine N-acetyltransferase family.
Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family.
Ubiquitin-like modifier which can be covalently attached via an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of substrate proteins as a monomer or a lysine-linked polymer. Ufmylation is involved in reticulophagy (also called ER-phagy) induced in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine, a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs.
Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein which is abundant in auditory neurons.
Belongs to the pyridoxine kinase family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL50 family.
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class CDC14 subfamily.
Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.
Binds 1 Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ion per subunit.
Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells.
Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the nucleoside 5'-monophosphates deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) and deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP).
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GPRK subfamily.
Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.
Transports zinc ions across cell and organelle membranes into the cytoplasm and regulates intracellular zinc homeostasis. Participates in the zinc ions efflux out of the secretory compartments. Also functions as membrane androgen receptor that mediates, through a G protein, the non-classical androgen signaling pathway, characterized by the activation of MAPK3/MAPK1 (Erk1/2) and transcription factors CREB1 or ATF1. Moreover, has dual functions as membrane-bound androgen receptor and as an androgen-dependent zinc transporter both of which are mediated through an inhibitory G protein (Gi) that mediates both MAP kinase and zinc signaling leading to the androgen-dependent apoptotic process.
A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and phospholipid.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. JAK subfamily.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.
Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.
Belongs to the threonine synthase family.
Belongs to the LAPTM4/LAPTM5 transporter family.
Belongs to the serpin family. Ov-serpin subfamily.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX59 subfamily.
Belongs to the dolichyldiphosphatase family.
Required for efficient N-glycosylation. Necessary for maintaining optimal levels of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides. Hydrolyzes dolichyl pyrophosphate at a very high rate and dolichyl monophosphate at a much lower rate. Does not act on phosphatidate.
Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis.
Belongs to the prickle / espinas / testin family.
Belongs to the apolipoprotein O/MICOS complex subunit Mic27 family.
Component of the MICOS complex, a large protein complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that plays crucial roles in the maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane.
Component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex.
Belongs to the myelin proteolipid protein family.
Found in a mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complex (EJC). Found in a complex with SR proteins. Found in a mRNP complex with RNPS1. Component of the PSAP complex consisting of RNPS1, SAP18 and PNN. Interacts with PNISR, CTBP1, CTBP2, KRT8, KRT18, KRT19, PS1D/PNO40, PPIG, RNPS1, SFRS4 and SRRM2. Identified in the spliceosome C complex.
Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family.
Belongs to the SSU72 phosphatase family.
Protein phosphatase that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Plays a role in RNA processing and termination.
Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family.
Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family.
Binds 1 Mo-molybdopterin (Mo-MPT) cofactor per subunit.
Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily.
Required for RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi). Binds to short RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and represses the translation of mRNAs which are complementary to them. Lacks endonuclease activity and does not appear to cleave target mRNAs.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL6 family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class 1 subfamily.
Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively.
Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family.
Involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans; hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. Glucose transporter subfamily.
Facilitative glucose transporter that can also mediate the uptake of various other monosaccharides across the cell membrane. Mediates the uptake of glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and fucose, and probably also dehydroascorbate. Does not mediate fructose transport.
Transport is mediated via a series of conformation changes, switching between a conformation where the substrate-binding cavity is accessible from the outside, and a another conformation where it is accessible from the cytoplasm.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL43 family.
Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. STrpC subfamily. TRPC1 sub-subfamily.
Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G-protein coupled receptors. Seems to be also activated by intracellular calcium store depletion.
Protein-lysine N-methyltransferase that methylates both histones and non-histone proteins, including p53/TP53 and RB1. Specifically trimethylates histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) in vivo. The activity requires interaction with HSP90alpha. Shows even higher methyltransferase activity on p53/TP53. Monomethylates 'Lys-370' of p53/TP53, leading to decreased DNA-binding activity and subsequent transcriptional regulation activity of p53/TP53. Monomethylates RB1 at 'Lys-860'.
Part of the complex catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol, the first step of GPI biosynthesis.
The conversion to 3-oxoalanine (also known as C-formylglycine, FGly), of a serine or cysteine residue in prokaryotes and of a cysteine residue in eukaryotes, is critical for catalytic activity.
Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.
Belongs to the major facilitator (TC 2.A.1) superfamily. Organic cation transporter (TC 2.A.1.19) family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes small subunit family.
Part of the AP-3 complex, an adaptor-related complex which is not clathrin-associated. The complex is associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral structures. It facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane and may be directly involved in trafficking to lysosomes. In concert with the BLOC-1 complex, AP-3 is required to target cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family.
Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors.
Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds.
Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family.
Belongs to the lariat debranching enzyme family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
Belongs to the SINA (Seven in absentia) family.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates.
The RING-type zinc finger domain is essential for ubiquitin ligase activity.
The SBD domain (substrate-binding domain) mediates the interaction with substrate proteins. It is related to the TRAF family.
Component of the SOSS complex, a multiprotein complex that functions downstream of the MRN complex to promote DNA repair and G2/M checkpoint. The SOSS complex associates with single-stranded DNA at DNA lesions and influences diverse endpoints in the cellular DNA damage response including cell-cycle checkpoint activation, recombinational repair and maintenance of genomic stability. Required for efficient homologous recombination-dependent repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs).
Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 1 subfamily.
The soluble form (GHBP) acts as a reservoir of growth hormone in plasma and may be a modulator/inhibitor of GH signaling.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. NTM1 family.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc subfamily.
Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. BPG-dependent PGAM subfamily.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.
Receptor for NPAF (A-18-F-amide) and NPFF (F-8-F-amide) neuropeptides, also known as morphine-modulating peptides. Can also be activated by a variety of naturally occurring or synthetic FMRF-amide like ligands. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Katanin p60 subunit A1 subfamily.
Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family.
Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.
Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRP class III subfamily.
Belongs to the chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family.
Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-1 family.
ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of misfolded and unassembled polypeptides in the peroxisomal matrix. Necessary for type 2 peroxisome targeting signal (PTS2)-containing protein processing and facilitates peroxisome matrix protein import.
Lipid-binding protein involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, also named ubiquinone, an essential lipid-soluble electron transporter for aerobic cellular respiration.
May be involved in calcium-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Probably serves as a molecular bridge in ubiquitin E3 complexes. Participates in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of beta-catenin (CTNNB1).
Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.
Belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family.
Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Adenylosuccinate lyase subfamily.
Catalyzes two non-sequential steps in de novo AMP synthesis: converts (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate (SAICAR) to fumarate plus 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide, and thereby also contributes to de novo IMP synthesis, and converts succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) to AMP and fumarate.
Homotetramer. Residues from neighboring subunits contribute catalytic and substrate-binding residues to each active site.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Plays a role in transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.
Interacts with phosphorylated C-terminal heptapeptide repeat domain (CTD) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A, and participates in dephosphorylation of the CTD by RPAP2. May act as a negative regulator of cyclin-D1 (CCND1) and cyclin-E (CCNE1) in the cell cycle.
Forms heterodimers either with the pro-apoptotic protein BAX or the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2.
Induces caspases and apoptosis. Counters the protective effect of BCL2.
Intact BH3 motif is required by BIK, BID, BAK, BAD and BAX for their pro-apoptotic activity and for their interaction with anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. S6 kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIIb family.
Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase V0D/AC39 subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Receptor for calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP). Receptor specificity may be modulated by accessory proteins. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family.
Endoribonuclease; cleaves preferentially 3' to purine-pyrimidine dinucleotide motifs in single-stranded RNA. The cleavage product contains a free 3' -OH group. Has no activity with double-stranded RNA or DNA. Required for normal mitochondrial function and cell viability.
Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function.
Forms a homohexamer that can probably bind six kinase subunits.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(s) subfamily.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the sulfate adenylyltransferase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the APS kinase family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 30 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase proteolipid subunit family.
Proton-conducting pore forming of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex. The V1 complex consists of three catalytic AB heterodimers that form a heterohexamer, three peripheral stalks each consisting of EG heterodimers, one central rotor including subunits D and F, and the regulatory subunits C and H. The proton translocation complex V0 consists of the proton transport subunit a, a ring of proteolipid subunits c9c'', rotary subunit d, subunits e and f, and the accessory subunits.
Belongs to the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family.
Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH.
Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Activity on G(z)-alpha is inhibited by phosphorylation of the G-protein. Activity on G(z)-alpha and G(i)-alpha-1 is inhibited by palmitoylation of the G-protein.
Catalytic subunit of the type B histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex, composed of RBBP7 and HAT1. Interacts with histones H4 and H2A.
Histone acetyltransferase that plays a role in different biological processes including cell cycle progression, glucose metabolism, histone production or DNA damage repair. Coordinates histone production and acetylation via H4 promoter binding. Acetylates histone H4 at 'Lys-5' (H4K5ac) and 'Lys-12' (H4K12ac) and, to a lesser extent, histone H2A at 'Lys-5' (H2AK5ac).
Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. SLC30A subfamily.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is composed of 13 subunits: EIF3A, EIF3B, EIF3C, EIF3D, EIF3E, EIF3F, EIF3G, EIF3H, EIF3I, EIF3J, EIF3K, EIF3L and EIF3M.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Allosterically activated by ADP, AMP, or fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and allosterically inhibited by ATP or citrate.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. ATP-dependent PFK group I subfamily. Eukaryotic two domain clade "E" sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. ATP-dependent PFK group I subfamily. Eukaryotic two domain clade 'E' sub-subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by ATP, the first committing step of glycolysis.
Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family.
Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Assembly factor required for Rieske Fe-S protein UQCRFS1 incorporation into the cytochrome b-c1 (CIII) complex. Functions as a chaperone, binding to this subunit within the mitochondrial matrix and stabilizing it prior to its translocation and insertion into the late CIII dimeric intermediate within the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Component of the uniplex complex. Interacts (via the transmembrane region) with MCU (via the first transmembrane region); the interaction is direct.
Essential regulatory subunit of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (uniplex), a complex that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria.
G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for the endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Signaling via G proteins mediates inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and calcium channel activity. Arrestins modulate signaling via G proteins and mediate the activation of alternative signaling pathways that lead to the activation of MAP kinases. Plays a role in modulating nociception and the perception of pain. Plays a role in the regulation of locomotor activity by the neuropeptide nociceptin.
Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit (By similarity). Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs), including GRIA1 and GRIA4. Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 2 family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 4 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAC subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family.
Belongs to the grh/CP2 family. CP2 subfamily.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. DIPP subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.
Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.
Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that play a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation, recognizing the AAUAAA signal sequence and interacting with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) addition. CPSF4 binds RNA polymers with a preference for poly(U).
Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS6 subunit family.
Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling Ino80 complex which exhibits DNA- and nucleosome-activated ATPase activity and catalyzes ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding.
The small GTPases Rab are key regulators in vesicle trafficking.
SNARE involved in targeting and fusion of ER-derived transport vesicles with the Golgi complex as well as Golgi-derived retrograde transport vesicles with the ER.
DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes consensus sequences at the breakpoint junctions in chromosomal translocations, mostly involving immunoglobulin (Ig)/T-cell receptor gene segments. Seems to recognize single-stranded DNA ends generated by staggered breaks occurring at recombination hot spots.
Exhibits both single-stranded and double-stranded endoribonuclease activity. May act as an activator of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) by facilitating endonucleolytic cleavage of the siRNA passenger strand.
Ring-shaped heterooctamer of six TSN and two TSNAX subunits, DNA/RNA binding occurs inside the ring.
Belongs to the AspA/AstE family. Aspartoacylase subfamily.
Belongs to the cAMP-dependent kinase regulatory chain family.
Associates with MYD88 and IRAK2 to form a ternary complex called the Myddosome.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Pelle subfamily.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in initiating innate immune response against foreign pathogens.
Belongs to the bombesin/neuromedin-B/ranatensin family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E family.
May be a centrosome-associated protein. Interacts with MYOC; affects its secretion and its aggregation.
Associates with the cytoplasmic CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex to trigger ARE-containing mRNA deadenylation and decay processes.
Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that destabilizes several cytoplasmic AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA transcripts by promoting their poly(A) tail removal or deadenylation, and hence provide a mechanism for attenuating protein synthesis. Acts as a 3'-untranslated region (UTR) ARE mRNA-binding adapter protein to communicate signaling events to the mRNA decay machinery. Functions by recruiting the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex and probably other components of the cytoplasmic RNA decay machinery to the bound ARE-containing mRNAs, and hence promotes ARE-mediated mRNA deadenylation and decay processes. Binds to 3'-UTR ARE of numerous mRNAs.
Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane.
Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.
Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing as a core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. NR1/GRIN1 subfamily.
Acts specifically as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth.
Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family. Torsin subfamily.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. SAR1 family.
Major acute phase reactant. Apolipoprotein of the HDL complex.
Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit alpha family.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta chain.
Belongs to the connexin family. Beta-type (group I) subfamily.
Receptor for the neuromedin-U and neuromedin-S neuropeptides.
Belongs to the ammonium transporter (TC 2.A.49) family. Rh subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family.
Binds 1 pyruvoyl group covalently per subunit.
Essential for biosynthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. Promotes maintenance and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, by maintaining spermine levels.
Divalent metal cations. Prefers magnesium or manganese.
Belongs to the nucleoporin Nup133 family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 41 family. O-GlcNAc transferase subfamily.
Required for S phase entry of the cell cycle.
Belongs to the parathyroid hormone family.
Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I 30 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC-3/CLCN3 subfamily.
Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.
Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.8) family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of queuosine 5'-phosphate, releasing the nucleobase queuine (q). Is required for salvage of queuine from exogenous queuosine (Q) that is imported and then converted to queuosine 5'-phosphate intracellularly.
Part of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex SCF(FBXO9).
Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins and acts as a regulator of mTOR signaling.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.
GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus.
tRNA nucleus export receptor which facilitates tRNA translocation across the nuclear pore complex.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL30 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL34 family.
Specifically recognizes and binds N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-containing RNAs, and regulates mRNA stability. M6A is a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs and plays a role in mRNA stability and processing.
Receptor specific to the heptapeptide core common to adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH. Plays a central role in energy homeostasis and somatic growth. This receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase (cAMP).
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB1 subunit family.
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.
Enhances all basic T-cell responses to a foreign antigen, namely proliferation, secretion of lymphokines, up-regulation of molecules that mediate cell-cell interaction, and effective help for antibody secretion by B-cells. Essential both for efficient interaction between T and B-cells and for normal antibody responses to T-cell dependent antigens. Does not up-regulate the production of interleukin-2, but superinduces the synthesis of interleukin-10. Prevents the apoptosis of pre-activated T-cells. Plays a critical role in CD40-mediated class switching of immunoglobin isotypes.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL24 family.
Chaperone protein which promotes assembly of the 20S proteasome as part of a heterodimer with PSMG1.
Maintains stem cell potency. Increases STAT3 phosphorylation and controls ERK phosphorylation. May act as a scaffold, increasing STAT3 recruitment onto endosomes.
The OCIA domain is necessary and sufficient for endosomal localization.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family.
Belongs to the RNase H2 subunit B family.
Non catalytic subunit of RNase H2, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes.
The RNase H2 complex is a heterotrimer composed of the catalytic subunit RNASEH2A and the non-catalytic subunits RNASEH2B and RNASEH2C.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. WEE1 subfamily.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily.
Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1.A.56) family. SLC31A subfamily.
Belongs to the cysteine dioxygenase family.
Catalyzes the oxidation of cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid with addition of molecular dioxygen.
Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization.
Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRP class I subfamily.
Binds to type I and type II collagen, fibronectin and TGF-beta. Forms a ternary complex with MFAP2 and ELN.
May affect the rate of fibrils formation.
May be involved in fusion of retrograde transport vesicles derived from an endocytic compartment with the Golgi complex.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family.
Arginine methyltransferase that can both catalyze the formation of omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA), with a preference for the formation of MMA. Specifically mediates the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins Sm D1 (SNRPD1) and Sm D3 (SNRPD3); such methylation being required for the assembly and biogenesis of snRNP core particles. Specifically mediates the symmetric dimethylation of histone H4 'Arg-3' to form H4R3me2s. Plays a role in gene imprinting by being recruited by CTCFL at the H19 imprinted control region (ICR) and methylating histone H4 to form H4R3me2s, possibly leading to recruit DNA methyltransferases at these sites. May also play a role in embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency. Also able to mediate the arginine methylation of histone H2A and myelin basic protein (MBP) in vitro; the relevance of such results is however unclear in vivo.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase family. PRMT7 subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 22 family.
Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins.
Belongs to the fibroblast growth factor-binding protein family.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of some multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Belongs to the acid sphingomyelinase family.
Belongs to the phospholipase B-like family.
Heterohexamer; disulfide linked. Contains 2 sets of 3 non-identical chains (alpha, beta and gamma). The 2 heterotrimers are in head to head conformation with the N-termini in a small central domain.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.
RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing events.
Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS11 family.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Alax-L subfamily.
Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two-step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain.
Consists of three domains; the N-terminal catalytic domain, the editing domain and the C-terminal C-Ala domain. The editing domain removes incorrectly charged amino acids, while the C-Ala domain, along with tRNA(Ala), serves as a bridge to cooperatively bring together the editing and aminoacylation centers thus stimulating deacylation of misacylated tRNAs.
Monomer. Interacts with ANKRD16; the interaction is direct.
The MIU motif (motif interacting with ubiquitin) mediates the interaction with both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains. The UMI motif mediates interaction with ubiquitin with a preference for 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin. The specificity for different types of ubiquitin is mediated by juxtaposition of ubiquitin-binding motifs (MIU and UMI motifs) with LR motifs (LRMs).
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain and the peripheric stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha(3)beta(3) subcomplex and subunit a/ATP6 static relative to the rotary elements.
Belongs to the protein sulfotransferase family.
Catalyzes the O-sulfation of tyrosine residues within acidic motifs of polypeptides, using 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as cosubstrate.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL19 family.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. NudC subfamily.
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis via the modulation of cell polarity development.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which can activate some, but not all, G-alpha proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP.
Interacts with some GDP-bound G alpha proteins. Does not interact with G-alpha proteins when they are in complex with subunits beta and gamma.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIIa family.
Involved in protein trafficking. May serve as a receptor for ARFRP1.
Belongs to the GTR/RAG GTP-binding protein family.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein that plays a crucial role in the cellular response to amino acid availability through regulation of the mTORC1 signaling cascade.
Belongs to the inward rectifier-type potassium channel (TC 1.A.2.1) family. KCNJ2 subfamily.
Belongs to the SLC29A/ENT transporter (TC 2.A.57) family.
Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.
Binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
LSm subunits form a heteromer with a doughnut shape.
Supercomplex made of cofactors A to E. Cofactors A and D function by capturing and stabilizing tubulin in a quasi-native conformation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state.
Tubulin-folding protein; involved in the early step of the tubulin folding pathway.
Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family.
Component of the purine nucleotide cycle (PNC), which interconverts IMP and AMP to regulate the nucleotide levels in various tissues, and which contributes to glycolysis and ammoniagenesis. Catalyzes the first commited step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP.
Component of the purine nucleotide cycle (PNC), which interconverts IMP and AMP to regulate the nucleotide levels in various tissues, and which contributes to glycolysis and ammoniagenesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP.
Plays an important role in the de novo pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis.
Belongs to the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit family.
Non-catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin. Beta non-catalytic subunit acts as a scaffold on which the AMPK complex assembles, via its C-terminus that bridges alpha (PRKAA1 or PRKAA2) and gamma subunits (PRKAG1, PRKAG2 or PRKAG3).
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin).
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RMT2 methyltransferase family.
Converts guanidinoacetate to creatine, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Calcium-selective channel required to prevent calcium stores from overfilling.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. DCP2 subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS33 family.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily.
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL18 family.
Belongs to the UNC119-binding protein family.
Belongs to the prostaglandin G/H synthase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. ROR subfamily.
Belongs to the TNF receptor-associated factor family.
Belongs to the dynein intermediate chain family.
Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family.
Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. RSAD2 family.
Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. ISWI subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin family.
Divalent metal cations. Mn(2+) or Co(2+).
Metalloprotease that acts as a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the cleavage of the N-terminal residues of a subset of Wnt proteins. Following cleavage, Wnt proteins become oxidized and form large disulfide-bond oligomers, leading to their inactivation.
Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) (TC 2.A.3.3) family.
Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagic vesicle formation.
Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate.
Multi domain E3 ubiquitin ligase that also plays a role in DNA methylation and histone modifications.
The YDG domain mediates the interaction with histone H3.
The tudor-like regions specifically recognize and bind histone H3 unmethylated at 'Arg-2' (H3R2me0), while the PHD-type zinc finger specifically recognizes and binds histone H3 trimethylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me3).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. eIF4A subfamily.
The Q motif is unique to and characteristic of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases and controls ATP binding and hydrolysis.
Homodimer and heterodimer with SSTR3 and SSTR5. Heterodimerization with SSTR3 inactivates SSTR3 receptor function. Heterodimerization with SSTR5 is enhanced by agonist stimulation of SSTR2 and increases SSTR2 cell growth inhibition activity. Following agonist stimulation, homodimers dissociate into monomers which is required for receptor internalization. Interacts with beta-arrestin; this interaction is necessary for receptor internalization and is destabilized by heterodimerization with SSTR5 which results in increased recycling of SSTR2 to the cell surface. Interacts (via C-terminus) with SHANK1 (via PDZ domain).
Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. In addition it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and PLC via pertussis toxin insensitive as well as sensitive G proteins. Inhibits calcium entry by suppressing voltage-dependent calcium channels. Acts as the functionally dominant somatostatin receptor in pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells where it mediates the inhibitory effect of somatostatin-14 on hormone secretion. Inhibits cell growth through enhancement of MAPK1 and MAPK2 phosphorylation and subsequent up-regulation of CDKN1B. Stimulates neuronal migration and axon outgrowth and may participate in neuron development and maturation during brain development. Mediates negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling through PTPN6. Inactivates SSTR3 receptor function following heterodimerization.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family.
Belongs to the clathrin heavy chain family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL39 family.
Belongs to the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2.
TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation.
Belongs to the V-ATPase F subunit family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 79 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS4 subunit family.
Removes 5-oxoproline from various penultimate amino acid residues except L-proline.
Probably involved in transcriptional regulation.
Required for proper homologous chromosome pairing and efficient cross-over and intragenic recombination during meiosis.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CaMK subfamily.
Belongs to the Integrator subunit 10 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA5 subunit family.
May play a role in the response to environmental stress. Appears to act upstream of the JUN N-terminal pathway.
May function as a substrate receptor for CUL4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex.
Belongs to the extended synaptotagmin family.
Binds GTP but lacks intrinsic GTPase activity and is resistant to Rho-specific GTPase-activating proteins.
PTH elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC23 subfamily.
Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules.
Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. Glutamate--cysteine ligase light chain subfamily.
Heterodimer of a catalytic heavy chain and a regulatory light chain.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family. Pelota subfamily.
Component of the Pelota-HBS1L complex, a complex that recognizes stalled ribosomes and triggers the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway. In the Pelota-HBS1L complex, pelo recognizes ribosomes stalled at the 3' end of an mRNA and engages stalled ribosomes by destabilizing mRNA in the mRNA channel.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Calcium-responsive mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase which seems to be a key component of the pancreatic beta-cell glucose-sensing device.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo12/eukaryotic RPC10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIC subfamily.
Belongs to the V-ATPase e1/e2 subunit family.
Belongs to the actin family. ARP8 subfamily.
Component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex; specifically part of a complex module associated with the DBINO domain of INO80. Exists as monomers and dimers, but the dimer is most probably the biologically relevant form required for stable interactions with histones that exploits the twofold symmetry of the nucleosome core.
Plays an important role in the functional organization of mitotic chromosomes. Exhibits low basal ATPase activity, and unable to polymerize.
Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. CPSF5 subfamily.
Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex that functions as an activator of the pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation processing required for the maturation of pre-mRNA into functional mRNAs. CFIm contributes to the recruitment of multiprotein complexes on specific sequences on the pre-mRNA 3'-end, so called cleavage and polyadenylation signals (pA signals). Most pre-mRNAs contain multiple pA signals, resulting in alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) producing mRNAs with variable 3'-end formation. The CFIm complex acts as a key regulator of cleavage and polyadenylation site choice during APA through its binding to 5'-UGUA-3' elements localized in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) for a huge number of pre-mRNAs.
Homodimer (via N- and C-terminus); binds RNA as homodimer. Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex.
May be involved in vesicle transport between the ER and the Golgi complex.
Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. NEK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. NIMA subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA8 subunit family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.
Belongs to the thymidylate synthase family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family.
Heterodimer of SAE1 and UBA2/SAE2. The heterodimer corresponds to the two domains that are encoded on a single polypeptide chain in ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1. Interacts with UBE2I.
The heterodimer acts as an E1 ligase for SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, and probably SUMO4. It mediates ATP-dependent activation of SUMO proteins followed by formation of a thioester bond between a SUMO protein and a conserved active site cysteine residue on UBA2/SAE2.
Belongs to the cytochrome c-type heme lyase family.
Lyase that catalyzes the covalent linking of the heme group to the cytochrome C apoprotein to produce the mature functional cytochrome.
Plays a role in U6 snRNP assembly and function. Binds to the 3' end of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family.
Binds 2 magnesium ions. Also active with manganese.
Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Casein kinase I subfamily.
Interacts with PPIF; the interaction is impaired by CsA.
Belongs to the WD repeat coronin family.
Acts as an adapter for the XPO1/CRM1-mediated export of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 28 family.
Belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family.
Homomultimers may associate with EGR1 bound to DNA.
Belongs to the fatty acyl-CoA reductase family.
Catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols.
Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent tRNA (uracil-O(2)-)-methyltransferase.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. UBA3 subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of the dimeric E1 enzyme, which activates NEDD8.
Belongs to the sphingomyelin synthase family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 31 family.
Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
Component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is one of the major cellular mRNA deadenylases and is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA-mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation.
Belongs to the potassium channel family. A (Shaker) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv1.2/KCNA2 sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily.
Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 3 family.
Belongs to the peptidase C69 family. Secernin subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. ADCK protein kinase family.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (ADGR) subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.
Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.
Identified in the spliceosome C complex.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIL2 subfamily.
May interfere with constitutive 5'-splice site selection.
Binds calmodulin. Interacts with NDUFAF3.
Involved in peroxisome biosynthesis and integrity. Assembles membrane vesicles before the matrix proteins are translocated. As a docking factor for PEX19, is necessary for the import of peroxisomal membrane proteins in the peroxisomes.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.
Belongs to the HIBADH-related family. NP60 subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA1 subunit family.
Belongs to the inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) (TC 2.A.20) family.
Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. GuaC type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the irreversible NADPH-dependent deamination of GMP to IMP. It functions in the conversion of nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides, and in maintaining the intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides.
As a component of the GATOR1 complex functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 pathway.
Belongs to the bZIP family. C/EBP subfamily.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 3 family.
Belongs to the ELO family. ELOVL1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme that exhibits activity toward saturated C18 to C26 acyl-CoA substrates, with the highest activity towards C22:0 acyl-CoA. May participate to the production of both saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.
Belongs to the gamma-glutamyltransferase family.
Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl peptide bond of glutathione and glutathione conjugates.
Receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. Seems to be associated with food intake. Could be involved in feeding disorders.
The RNA gate region regulates mRNA cap recognition to prevent promiscuous mRNA-binding before assembly of eif3d into the full eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
mRNA cap-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. In the eIF-3 complex, eif3d specifically recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine cap of a subset of mRNAs.
Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as potent mitogen in vitro. Acts as a ligand for FGFR1 and integrins. Binds to FGFR1 in the presence of heparin leading to FGFR1 dimerization and activation via sequential autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues which act as docking sites for interacting proteins, leading to the activation of several signaling cascades. Binds to integrins. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and FGFR1 are essential for FGF1 signaling.
Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Plays a role in the recruitment of the exosome to pre-rRNA to mediate the 3'-5' end processing of the 5.8S rRNA.
Synthesizes selenophosphate from selenide and ATP.
The N-terminal C2 domain associates with lipid membranes upon calcium binding.
Belongs to the dynein light chain family.
Belongs to the eIF-2B gamma/epsilon subunits family.
Belongs to the calcium channel flower family.
Shows a remarkable charge distribution with the N-terminus being highly negatively charged, and the cytoplasmic C-terminus positively charged.
TRAP proteins are part of a complex whose function is to bind calcium to the ER membrane and thereby regulate the retention of ER resident proteins. May be involved in the recycling of the translocation apparatus after completion of the translocation process or may function as a membrane-bound chaperone facilitating folding of translocated proteins.
Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family.
Catalyzes the exchange of an acyl for a long-chain alkyl group and the formation of the ether bond in the biosynthesis of ether phospholipids.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL27 family.
Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. USP14/UBP6 subfamily.
Homodimer (Potential). Associates with the 26S proteasome. Interacts with FANCC, CXCR4 and ERN1. Interacts with TRIM14; this interaction recruits USP14 to cleave ubiquitin chains of CGAS.
In association with mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex components and mitochondrial outer membrane sorting assembly machinery (SAM) complex components may regulate mitochondrial dynamics playing a role in determining mitochondrial length, distribution and motility.
Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family.
Belongs to the GTP-binding SRP family. SRP54 subfamily.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
The M domain binds the 7SL RNA in presence of SRP19 and binds the signal sequence of presecretory proteins.
The NG domain, also named G domain, is a special guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) domain, which binds GTP and forms a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-dependent complex with a homologous NG domain in the SRP receptor subunit SRPRA. The two NG domains undergo cooperative rearrangements upon their assembly, which culminate in the reciprocal activation of the GTPase activity of one another. SRP receptor compaction upon binding with cargo-loaded SRP and GTPase rearrangement drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER.
Belongs to the WD repeat PRL1/PRL2 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) (TC 2.A.105) family.
Mediates the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria.
Scaffolding protein that specifically recognizes and binds dimethylarginine-containing proteins. Plays a role in the regulation of translation of target mRNAs by binding Arg/Gly-rich motifs (GAR) in dimethylarginine-containing proteins. In nucleus, acts as a coactivator: recognizes and binds asymmetric dimethylation on the core histone tails associated with transcriptional activation (H3R17me2a and H4R3me2a) and recruits proteins at these arginine-methylated loci. In cytoplasm, acts as an antiviral factor that participates in the assembly of stress granules together with G3BP1.
Plays a role as an effector of the ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2, ARL2.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically binds poly-ADP-ribosylated proteins and mediates their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation.
The WWE domain mediates non-covalent poly(ADP-ribose)-binding.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the formate--tetrahydrofolate ligase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase family.
Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 4 subfamily.
Non-covalent dimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. IL2R exists in 3 different forms: a high affinity dimer, an intermediate affinity monomer (beta subunit), and a low affinity monomer (alpha subunit). The high and intermediate affinity forms also associate with a gamma subunit. Interacts with SHB upon interleukin stimulation.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. BRCC36 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.
Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with ATG12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. Plays a critical role in multiple aspects of lymphocyte development and is essential for both B and T lymphocyte survival and proliferation. Required for optimal processing and presentation of antigens for MHC II. Involved in the maintenance of axon morphology and membrane structures, as well as in normal adipocyte differentiation. Promotes primary ciliogenesis through removal of OFD1 from centriolar satellites and degradation of IFT20 via the autophagic pathway.
May play an important role in the apoptotic process, possibly within the modified cytoskeleton. Its expression is a relatively late event in the apoptotic process, occurring downstream of caspase activity. Plays a crucial role in IFN-gamma-induced autophagic cell death by interacting with FADD.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
In eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. rRNA adenine N(6)-methyltransferase family.
May function as a negative regulator of endoplasmic reticulum-stress induced autophagy.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS7 family.
Phosphorylated on some or all of the serine and threonine residues present in the C-terminal region.
Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision. They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to cis-retinal.
Belongs to the type II (or gamma) interferon family.
Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons.
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.