Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family.
Belongs to the kynurenine formamidase family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-formyl-L-kynurenine to L-kynurenine, the second step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation. Required for elimination of toxic metabolites.
The main chain amide nitrogen atoms of the second glycine and its adjacent residue in the HGGXW motif define the oxyanion hole, and stabilize the oxyanion that forms during the nucleophilic attack by the catalytic serine during substrate cleavage.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 39 family.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.
Vitellogenin is the major yolk protein of eggs where it is used as a food source during embryogenesis.
Non-catalytic component of the proteasome.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. BET3 subfamily.
Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.
Belongs to the reduced folate carrier (RFC) transporter (TC 2.A.48) family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.
The active site is a redox-active disulfide bond.
Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The SRP complex interacts with the signal sequence in nascent secretory and membrane proteins and directs them to the membrane of the ER.
Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily.
Fatty acid synthetase is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the de novo biosynthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA in the presence of NADPH. This multifunctional protein contains 7 catalytic activities and a site for the binding of the prosthetic group 4'-phosphopantetheine of the acyl carrier protein ([ACP]) domain.
Belongs to the polyprenol kinase family.
Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Heteromeric odorant receptor channel (TC 1.A.69) family.
Lacks conserved residue(s) required for the propagation of feature annotation.
Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Gustatory receptor (GR) family.
Gustatory receptor which mediates acceptance or avoidance behavior, depending on its substrates.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. GlgB subfamily.
Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome.
Required for 40S ribosome biogenesis. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.
Belongs to the inward rectifier-type potassium channel (TC 1.A.2.1) family.
Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structures.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.
Heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha type and four PFD-beta type subunits.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
Bifunctional DNA N-glycosylase with associated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase function that catalyzes the first step in base excision repair (BER), the primary repair pathway for the repair of oxidative DNA damage. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases the damaged DNA base from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP site. The AP lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination. Primarily recognizes and repairs oxidative base damage of pyrimidines.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster. The cluster does not appear to play a role in catalysis, but is probably involved in the proper positioning of the enzyme along the DNA strand.
6-O-sulfation enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of the N-sulfoglucosamine residue (GlcNS) of heparan sulfate.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 6 family.
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family.
Belongs to the carnosine N-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.
Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision. They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to cis-retinal.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal PrmC-related family.
May be involved in the metabolism of insect hormones and in the breakdown of synthetic insecticides.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. ADCK protein kinase family.
Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Belongs to the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. S6 kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I type 2/NIF3 family.
The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits.
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 3 family.
Belongs to the neutral ceramidase family.
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit beta family.
Catalyzes the transfer of a geranylgeranyl moiety from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to both cysteines of proteins with the C-terminal sequence -XXCC, -XCXC and -CCXX.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 8 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (By similarity).
Antibacterial peptide mostly active against Gram-positive bacteria. Has activity against the bacteria Gram-negative E.cloacae beta12.
Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family. Type 1 subfamily.
Expressed 75 minutes after bacterial infection. Increased dramatically after 6 hours, continued to increase through to 24 hours and is maintained at high levels until at least 30 hours after bacterial infection.
There are five defensin A forms, A1 (shown here) A2, A3, A4 and A5.
Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1.A.56) family. SLC31A subfamily.
Component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is one of the major cellular mRNA deadenylases and is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA-mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation.
Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family.
Mediates sugar transport across membranes.
Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family.
Binds 1 Mo-molybdopterin (Mo-MPT) cofactor per subunit.
Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(q) subfamily.
Seems to be required for maximal rate of protein biosynthesis. Enhances ribosome dissociation into subunits and stabilizes the binding of the initiator Met-tRNA(I) to 40 S ribosomal subunits.
Belongs to the learning-associated protein family.
Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.
Putative RNA polymerase II subunit B1 C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase involved in RNA polymerase II transcription regulation.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. INTS11 subfamily.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complexes consisting of at least 13 and 17 subunits, respectively.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common core component of RNA polymerases I and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 10 family.
Belongs to the fatty acyl-CoA reductase family.
Catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols.
Belongs to the glycerate kinase type-2 family.
Component of several multiprotein Golgi SNARE complexes.
Involved in transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus as well as in intra-Golgi transport. It belongs to a super-family of proteins called t-SNAREs or soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.
This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. TRM7 subfamily.
Methylates the 2'-O-ribose of nucleotides at positions 32 and 34 of the tRNA anticodon loop of substrate tRNAs.
Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations.
Occurs in many kinds of cells as a complex with monomeric actin in a 1:1 ratio.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Has a role in pre-mRNA splicing. Phosphorylates SF2/ASF.
Positive regulator of amino acid starvation-induced autophagy.
Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.
Binds 1 Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ion per subunit.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB2 subunit family.
Complex I is composed of 45 different subunits.
DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes consensus sequences at the breakpoint junctions in chromosomal translocations, mostly involving immunoglobulin (Ig)/T-cell receptor gene segments. Seems to recognize single-stranded DNA ends generated by staggered breaks occurring at recombination hot spots.
Exhibits both single-stranded and double-stranded endoribonuclease activity. May act as an activator of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) by facilitating endonucleolytic cleavage of the siRNA passenger strand.
Ring-shaped heterooctamer of six TSN and two TSNAX subunits, DNA/RNA binding occurs inside the ring.
Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase epsilon family.
Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family. Polyprenol reductase subfamily.
Plays a key role in early steps of protein N-linked glycosylation by being required for the conversion of polyprenol into dolichol. Dolichols are required for the synthesis of dolichol-linked monosaccharides and the oligosaccharide precursor used for N-glycosylation. Acts as a polyprenol reductase that promotes the reduction of the alpha-isoprene unit of polyprenols into dolichols in a NADP-dependent mechanism.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo5/eukaryotic RPB5 RNA polymerase subunit family.
ATPase required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cytosol. This complex then targets to the endoplasmic reticulum by membrane-bound receptors, where the tail-anchored protein is released for insertion. This process is regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis. ATP binding drives the homodimer towards the closed dimer state, facilitating recognition of newly synthesized TA membrane proteins. ATP hydrolysis is required for insertion. Subsequently, the homodimer reverts towards the open dimer state, lowering its affinity for the membrane-bound receptor, and returning it to the cytosol to initiate a new round of targeting.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA.
Belongs to the polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase family.
Belongs to the tRNA pseudouridine synthase TruA family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. NagA family.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family.
Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 38 family.
Belongs to the CND1 (condensin subunit 1) family.
Regulatory subunit of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases.
Belongs to the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S14 family.
Belongs to the HMG-CoA reductase family.
Acts as a transcriptional coactivator in Wg signaling.
Forms homohexameric rings. May form a dodecamer with rept made of two stacked hexameric rings. Component of the chromatin remodeling Ino80 complex (By similarity).
Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling Ino80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair.
Belongs to the vacuolar ATPase subunit S1 family.
May function as a negative regulator of endoplasmic reticulum-stress induced autophagy.
3'-5'-exoribonuclease that specifically recognizes RNAs polyuridylated at their 3' end and mediates their degradation. Component of an exosome-independent RNA degradation pathway that mediates degradation of cytoplasmic mRNAs that have been deadenylated and subsequently uridylated at their 3'.
Belongs to the RNR ribonuclease family. DIS3L2 subfamily.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for autophagy.
Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
In eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Belongs to the NADP-dependent oxidoreductase L4BD family.
ATP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family. ATP-specific subunit beta subfamily.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. The beta subunit determines specificity for ATP.
Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions.
Belongs to the nucleoporin Nup133 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. NEK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. NIMA subfamily.
Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family.
Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, thereby acting as a corepressor. Acts by oxidizing the substrate by FAD to generate the corresponding imine that is subsequently hydrolyzed. Demethylates both mono- and di-methylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3.
Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. MPPE1 family.
Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB4 subunit family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family.
May be involved in 20S pre-rRNA processing.
Belongs to the WD repeat WDR12/YTM1 family.
Required for maturation of ribosomal RNAs and formation of the large ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. EEF2KMT family.
Associates with the pre-60S ribosomal particle.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.
Component of the ribosome assembly machinery. Nuclear paralog of the ribosomal protein P0, it binds pre-60S subunits at an early stage of assembly in the nucleolus, and is replaced by P0 in cytoplasmic pre-60S subunits and mature 80S ribosomes.
Has a role in transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.
Belongs to the CSN7/EIF3M family. CSN7 subfamily.
Belongs to the DNA repair enzymes AP/ExoA family.
Probably binds two magnesium or manganese ions per subunit.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.
Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing as a core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily.
Oligomeric complex that consists of at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network.
Belongs to the major royal jelly protein family.
Controls the pigmentation pattern of the adult cuticle and larval mouth parts.
Belongs to the actin family. ARP5 subfamily.
Component of the chromatin remodeling Ino80 complex.
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.
Belongs to the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (TC 1.A.6) family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL19 family.
Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family.
Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Plays an olfactory role that is not restricted to pheromone sensitivity.
Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Gustatory receptor (GR) family. Gr5a subfamily.
May degrade organelles involved in the biosynthesis and secretion of vitellogenin.
Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family. Sterol o-acyltransferase subfamily.
Belongs to the neutral sphingomyelinase family.
Belongs to the protoporphyrinogen/coproporphyrinogen oxidase family. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase subfamily.
Catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to form protoporphyrin-IX.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. GalNAc-T subfamily.
Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.
The DHHC domain is required for palmitoyltransferase activity.
Involved in transvection phenomena (= synapsis-dependent gene expression), where the synaptic pairing of chromosomes carrying genes with which zeste interacts influences the expression of these genes. Zeste binds to DNA and stimulates transcription from a nearby promoter.
Self-associates forming complexes of several hundred monomers.
Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type-1 seryl-tRNA synthetase subfamily.
Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.
PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA7 subunit family.
Involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking.
Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.
Belongs to the peptidase S26 family. IMP2 subfamily.
Heterodimer of 2 subunits, IMMPL1 and IMMPL2.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 9 family.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.
Belongs to the LAPTM4/LAPTM5 transporter family.
Functions as a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK3 subfamily.
Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon GTP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent GTP hydrolysis.
Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates. Has GTP:AMP phosphotransferase and ITP:AMP phosphotransferase activities.
Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.
Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.
Belongs to the DDOST 48 kDa subunit family.
Component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL20 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB10 subunit family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo3/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. RIO-type Ser/Thr kinase family.
Belongs to the pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase family.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. Mevalonate kinase subfamily.
Belongs to the V-ATPase F subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment (By similarity).
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex (By similarity). The V1 complex consists of three catalytic AB heterodimers that form a heterohexamer, three peripheral stalks each consisting of EG heterodimers, one central rotor including subunits D and F, and the regulatory subunits C and H (By similarity). The proton translocation complex V0 consists of the proton transport subunit a, a ring of proteolipid subunits c9c'', rotary subunit d, subunits e and f, and the accessory subunits VhaAC45 and ATP6AP2 (By similarity).
Involved in peroxisome biosynthesis and integrity. Assembles membrane vesicles before the matrix proteins are translocated. As a docking factor for PEX19, is necessary for the import of peroxisomal membrane proteins in the peroxisomes.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.
Required during the maturation of the embryonic nervous system for maintenance of neuronal and cuticular connectivity. Essential for maintenance of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine levels.
Divalent metal cations. Prefers magnesium or manganese.
Belongs to the extended synaptotagmin family.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruB family.
Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
Scaffold protein for the de novo synthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters within mitochondria, which is required for maturation of both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] proteins.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB8 subunit family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL43 family.
Belongs to the tRNA-intron endonuclease family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily.
The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes.
Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Site 1 may preferentially bind zinc ions, while site 2 has a preference for magnesium and/or manganese ions.
Component of the THO complex, which is composed of THOC1, THOC2, THOC3, THOC5, THOC6 and THOC7; together with at least ALYREF/THOC4, DDX39B, SARNP/CIP29 and CHTOP, THO forms the transcription/export (TREX) complex which seems to have a dynamic structure involving ATP-dependent remodeling. Interacts with THOC1, POLDIP3 and ZC3H11A.
Belongs to the V-ATPase proteolipid subunit family.
Proton-conducting pore forming of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment (By similarity).
Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.
Has antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria including S.aureus, P.aeruginosa and M.tuberculosis. Acts by inducing bacterial membrane breakage.
Induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are necessary for cell proliferation. May play a role in inducing oxidative DNA damage and replicative senescence. May play a role in the coordination of mitochondrial morphology and cell proliferation.
Belongs to the grh/CP2 family. CP2 subfamily.
Phosphorylates Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 at position 2 to form Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6 (InsP6 or phytate).
The EXKPK motif is conserved in inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinases of both family 1 and 2.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.
Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane.
Heterodimer of PMPCA (alpha) and PMPCB (beta) subunits, forming the mitochondrial processing protease (MPP) in which PMPCA is involved in substrate recognition and binding and PMPCB is the catalytic subunit.
Substrate recognition and binding subunit of the essential mitochondrial processing protease (MPP), which cleaves the mitochondrial sequence off newly imported precursors proteins.
The clip domain consists of 35-55 residues which are 'knitted' together usually by 3 conserved disulfide bonds forming a clip-like compact structure.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. MasA/MtnC family.
Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the enolization of 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P) into the intermediate 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate (HK-MTPenyl-1-P), which is then dephosphorylated to form the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene).
Belongs to the adaptor complexes small subunit family.
Belongs to the exonuclease superfamily. TREX family.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCG family. Eye pigment precursor importer (TC 3.A.1.204) subfamily.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically binds poly-ADP-ribosylated proteins and mediates their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation.
The WWE domain mediates non-covalent poly(ADP-ribose)-binding.
Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic-type N-acetylglucosamine kinase family.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Catalyzes the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent transamination of alanine with glyoxylate as an amino group acceptor (PubMed:16681462). Can also catalyze, although with much less efficiency, the transamination of serine, and histidine with glyoxylate and the and transamination of glycine with pyruvate as an amino group acceptor (PubMed:16681462). Does not catalyze the transamination of both 3-hydroxykynurenine and L-kynurenine (PubMed:16681462). May play a role in the detoxification of glyoxylate, a toxic plant metabolite from the pupae and adult diet (Probable).
Expressed at pupal and adult stages (at protein level).
Expressed in head and abdomen of adult females.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family.
Belongs to the SOS response-associated peptidase family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Trm1 family.
Belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6c family.
Belongs to the helicase family. Dicer subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA1 subunit family.
Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family.
Belongs to the peptidase C69 family. Secernin subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.
Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family.
Belongs to the DPH1/DPH2 family. DPH2 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family.
General regulator of phagocytosis. Required to uptake Gram negative bacterium by macrophages.
Belongs to the actin family. ARP6 subfamily.
Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX41 subfamily.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS18 family. Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS40 subfamily.
Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. GalK subfamily.
Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RRP8 family.
Probable methyltransferase required to silence rDNA.
Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Glycine N-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the oligoribonuclease family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL4 family.
Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. LDH family.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily.
Belongs to the polysaccharide monooxygenase AA13 family.
Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family.
Belongs to the liprin family. Liprin-alpha subfamily.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. Mth subfamily.
It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-7 is the initiator.
Part of the AP-3 complex, an adaptor-related complex which is not clathrin-associated. The complex is associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral structures. It facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane and may be directly involved in trafficking to lysosomes. In concert with the BLOC-1 complex, AP-3 is required to target cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals.
Component of the ESCRT-I complex, a regulator of vesicular trafficking process. Required for the sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies. May be involved in cell growth and differentiation.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIL2 subfamily.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the GART family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the GARS family.
In the central section; belongs to the AIR synthase family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL46 family.
Belongs to the insect eclosion hormone family.
Neuropeptide that triggers the performance of ecdysis behaviors at the end of a molt. It triggers adult behavior patterns: larval, pupal and adult ecdysis, and plasticization during the molt.
Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. SCS7 subfamily.
Binds 2 Zn(2+) ions per subunit that likely form a catalytic dimetal center.
Catalyzes stereospecific hydroxylation of free fatty acids at the C-2 position to produce (R)-2-hydroxy fatty acids, which are building blocks of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids common in neural tissue and epidermis. Plays an essential role in the synthesis of galactosphingolipids of the myelin sheath. Responsible for the synthesis of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids involved in the formation of epidermal lamellar bodies critical for skin permeability barrier. Participates in the synthesis of glycosphingolipids and a fraction of type II wax diesters in sebaceous gland, specifically regulating hair follicle homeostasis. Involved in the synthesis of sphingolipids of plasma membrane rafts, controlling lipid raft mobility and trafficking of raft-associated proteins.
Belongs to the vitelline membrane protein family.
Expressed in the middle and posterior regions of the follicle cells.
Synthesized and released from follicular epithelium 18-24 hours after a blood meal.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family.
Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), a key regulator of ciliary/flagellar motility which maintains the alignment and integrity of the distal axoneme and regulates microtubule sliding in motile axonemes.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. This subunit can bind 18S rRNA.
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutL/HexB family.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. SerC subfamily.
Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate to phosphoserine and of 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate to phosphohydroxythreonine.
Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.
Citrate synthase is found in nearly all cells capable of oxidative metabolism.
The GINS complex plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication.
Belongs to the Clp1 family. Clp1 subfamily.
Required for endonucleolytic cleavage during polyadenylation-dependent pre-mRNA 3'-end formation.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.
Mitochondrial GTPase that catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.
RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed to be not involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Essential component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase 1 which transfers the first of the 4 mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursors during GPI-anchor biosynthesis.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UFC1 subfamily.
E2-like enzyme which forms an intermediate with UFM1 via a thioester linkage.
Structural component of the gap junctions.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S11 family.
Component of the 19S proteasome regulatory particle complex. The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S core particle (CP) and two 19S regulatory subunits (RP). The regulatory particle is made of a lid composed of 9 subunits including PSMD13, a base containing 6 ATPases and few additional components.
Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair.
A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and phospholipid.
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
The histidine box domains are involved in binding the catalytic metal ions.
Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family.
Conversely, when cellular iron levels are high, binds a 4Fe-4S cluster which precludes RNA binding activity and promotes the aconitase activity, the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin C subfamily.
Component of the Cdk8 module of the Mediator complex.
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in regulated gene transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Binds to and activates cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk8 that phosphorylates the CTD (C-terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAp II), which may inhibit the formation of a transcription initiation complex (By similarity).
May be a negative regulator of NF-kappa-B and p53-mediated gene transcription.
Belongs to the diacylglycerol acyltransferase family.
Essential component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly machinery. Required for the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins.
Binds 1 divalent metal cation per subunit; can use either Mg(2+) or Mn(2+).
Pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes non-canonical purine nucleotides such as inosine triphosphate (ITP), deoxyinosine triphosphate (dITP) or xanthosine 5'-triphosphate (XTP) to their respective monophosphate derivatives. The enzyme does not distinguish between the deoxy- and ribose forms. Probably excludes non-canonical purines from RNA and DNA precursor pools, thus preventing their incorporation into RNA and DNA and avoiding chromosomal lesions.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 65 family.
Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins.
Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, that promotes sister chromatid alignment after DNA damage and facilitates double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) repair via homologous recombination between sister chromatids.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. GB1/RHD3 GTPase family.
Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane.
Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily.
Component of some SAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complexes.
Component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA, a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates histone H2B. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators, where it is required for transcription.
Belongs to the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) (TC 2.A.105) family.
Mediates the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria.
Belongs to the dynein light chain family.
Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. SLC35B subfamily.
Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen-III synthase family.
Translation initiation factor that is able to deliver tRNA to the P-site of the eukaryotic ribosome in a GTP-independent manner. The binding of Met-tRNA(I) occurs after the AUG codon finds its position in the P-site of 40S ribosomes, the situation that takes place during initiation complex formation on some specific RNAs. Its activity in tRNA binding with 40S subunits does not require the presence of the aminoacyl moiety. Possesses the unique ability to deliver non-Met (elongator) tRNAs into the P-site of the 40S subunit. In addition to its role in initiation, can promote release of deacylated tRNA and mRNA from recycled 40S subunits following ABCE1-mediated dissociation of post-termination ribosomal complexes into subunits.
Belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1.A.1.11) family.
Belongs to the TFIIF alpha subunit family.
TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB. It promotes transcription elongation.
Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.
Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family.
Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins.
Vesicular soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (v-SNARE) mediating vesicle docking and fusion to a specific acceptor cellular compartment. Functions in endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport; as part of a SNARE complex composed of GOSR1, GOSR2 and STX5. Functions in early/recycling endosome to TGN transport; as part of a SNARE complex composed of BET1L, GOSR1 and STX5. Has a S-palmitoyl transferase activity.
Adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) is a heterotetramer.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunit family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 92 family.
Belongs to the Integrator subunit 8 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. EFM5 family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent protein-lysine N-methyltransferase that methylates elongation factor 1-alpha.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
Belongs to the diuretic hormone class 2 family.
Belongs to the strictosidine synthase family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METL family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS25 family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 18 family.
Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. SLC24A subfamily.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN5 subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.
Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. Trehalose transporter subfamily.
Belongs to the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase iron-sulfur protein family.
Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
Belongs to the nonaspanin (TM9SF) (TC 9.A.2) family.
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL36 family.
Belongs to the pyridoxine kinase family.
Belongs to the archaeal rpoM/eukaryotic RPA12/RPB9/RPC11 RNA polymerase family.
Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits.
Dephosphorylates 26S nuclear proteasomes, thereby decreasing their proteolytic activity. The dephosphorylation may prevent assembly of the core and regulatory particles (CP and RP) into mature 26S proteasome.
Belongs to the V-ATPase 116 kDa subunit family.
Essential component of the vacuolar proton pump (V-ATPase), a multimeric enzyme that catalyzes the translocation of protons across the membranes. Required for assembly and activity of the V-ATPase.
Belongs to the tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase family.
Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family. ChaC subfamily.
Catalyzes the cleavage of glutathione into 5-oxo-L-proline and a Cys-Gly dipeptide. Acts specifically on glutathione, but not on other gamma-glutamyl peptides.
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation.
Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.
Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit alpha family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA5 subunit family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 30 family.
Required for homeostatic regulation of sleep under normal conditions and after sleep deprivation. Important regulator of the Sh K(+) channel, acting as a signaling molecule that connects sleep drive to lowered membrane excitability, possibly by enhancing K(+) channel activity and thus reducing neuronal excitability.
Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 3 family.
Transfers the glycosyl residue from UDP-Glc to the non-reducing end of alpha-1,4-glucan.
Belongs to the 2H phosphoesterase superfamily. USB1 family.
Phosphodiesterase responsible for the U6 snRNA 3' end processing. Acts as an exoribonuclease (RNase) responsible for trimming the poly(U) tract of the last nucleotides in the pre-U6 snRNA molecule, leading to the formation of mature U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the thymidylate synthase family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S1 family.
Component of the 19S proteasome regulatory particle complex. The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S core particle (CP) and two 19S regulatory subunits (RP).
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. TatD-type hydrolase family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Theta family.
Belongs to the SLC29A/ENT transporter (TC 2.A.57) family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS16 family.
Associates with the EF-Tu.GDP complex and induces the exchange of GDP to GTP. It remains bound to the aminoacyl-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP complex up to the GTP hydrolysis stage on the ribosome.
Belongs to the small G protein signaling modulator family.
Decapping scavenger enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of a residual cap structure following the degradation of mRNAs by the 3'->5' exosome-mediated mRNA decay pathway.
Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase family. PRMT7 subfamily.
Essential arginine methyltransferase that can both catalyze the formation of omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA). Specifically mediates the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmD1 and SmD3 (By similarity).
Belongs to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) family.
Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.
Non-catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex. The V1 complex consists of three catalytic AB heterodimers that form a heterohexamer, three peripheral stalks each consisting of EG heterodimers, one central rotor including subunits D and F, and the regulatory subunits C and H. The proton translocation complex V0 consists of the proton transport subunit a, a ring of proteolipid subunits c9c'', rotary subunit d, subunits e and f, and the accessory subunits.
Belongs to the pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase family.
Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster. The cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalytic tRNA acetyltransferase subunit of the elongator complex, which is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine). In the elongator complex, acts as a tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase by mediating formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS23 family.
Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation.
Belongs to the dynein light chain Tctex-type family.
Belongs to the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase superfamily. BTD/VNN family.
Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.
Belongs to the acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) family.
Binds either 1 Fe or Ni cation per monomer. Iron-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate, while nickel-binding promotes an acireductone dioxygenase reaction producing 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate.
Catalyzes 2 different reactions between oxygen and the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene) depending upon the metal bound in the active site. Fe-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Fe-ARD) produces formate and 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate (KMTB), the alpha-ketoacid precursor of methionine in the methionine recycle pathway. Ni-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Ni-ARD) produces methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide and formate, and does not lie on the methionine recycle pathway.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A family.
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a catalytic core of 3 subunits and several supernumerary subunits. The complex exists as a monomer or a dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII).
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
Component of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) which catalyzes the cleavage of N-terminal signal sequences from nascent proteins as they are translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Enhances the enzymatic activity of SPC and facilitates the interactions between different components of the translocation site.
Hydrolyzes N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA) which act as inhibitors of NOS. Has therefore a role in the regulation of nitric oxide generation.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 29 family.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class myotubularin subfamily.
Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class II subfamily.
NAD-dependent protein deacylase. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent hydrolysis of acyl groups from lysine residues.
Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.
Has a role in spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differentially to the complex helicase activity.
Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. DCP2 subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. TrmE GTPase family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UEV subfamily.
Ubiquitin-like modifier protein which binds to a number of as yet unidentified target proteins.
Required presynaptically at the neuromuscular junction. Implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
Phosphorylates D-xylulose to produce D-xylulose 5-phosphate, a molecule that may play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and lipogenesis.
Belongs to the TFIIE beta subunit family.
Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and stimulates the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain kinase and DNA-dependent ATPase activities of TFIIH. Both TFIIH and TFIIE are required for promoter clearance by RNA polymerase.
Tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains.
Major function may be to aid in digestion of the blood meal.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. DDX11/CHL1 sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.
Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown. Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate.
Adds a myristoyl group to the N-terminal glycine residue of certain cellular proteins.
Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.
Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.8) family.
Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB11 subunit family.
Mannosyltransferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers the first alpha-1,4-mannose to GlcN-acyl-PI during GPI precursor assembly.
Homodimer. The monomeric form is inactive while the homodimer is active.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK2 subfamily.
Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism. Adenylate kinase activity is critical for regulation of the phosphate utilization and the AMP de novo biosynthesis pathways.
Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon ATP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent ATP hydrolysis.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 27 family.
Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I) complex consisting of at least 13 subunits.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors.
Belongs to the ETF alpha-subunit/FixB family.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit.
The electron transfer flavoprotein serves as a specific electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases, including five acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, glutaryl-CoA and sarcosine dehydrogenase. It transfers the electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL24 family.
Has a role in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of proteins and mRNAs.
JanA and janB regulate somatic sex differentiation.
Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.
Belongs to the ammonium transporter (TC 2.A.49) family. Rh subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase delta/II small subunit family.
Belongs to the DNA repair metallo-beta-lactamase (DRMBL) family.
Neddylation of cullins play an essential role in the regulation of SCF-type complexes activity.
Functions as an U snRNP-specific nuclear import adapter. Involved in the trimethylguanosine (m3G)-cap-dependent nuclear import of U snRNPs. Binds specifically to the terminal m3G-cap U snRNAs.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Phe-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL41 family.
Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family.
Plays an important role in the de novo pathway and in the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP (By similarity).
Belongs to the myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase family.
Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagic vesicle formation.
Plays an important role in membrane trafficking through the secretory apparatus.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. Chitinase class II subfamily.
Ubiquitin-binding protein that specifically recognizes and binds 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin. Does not bind 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin. Positively regulates the internalization of ligand-activated EGFR by binding to the Ub moiety of ubiquitinated EGFR at the cell membrane.
Involved in ribosomal large subunit assembly.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit p27 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. AIG1/Toc34/Toc159-like paraseptin GTPase family. IAN subfamily.
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.
Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.
Can potentially be used as a larvicide. The stable three-dimensional conformation of the decapeptide means it is not degraded by gut proteolytic enzymes and can traverse the gut epithelial cells into the hemolymph of adults and larvae. Hormone fed to different species of mosquito larvae stops food digestion and causes larval mortality. The tetrapeptide (DYPA) is as effective as the decapeptide.
Expressed in the anterior region of the follicle cells.
Has an oostatic activity. Inhibits trypsin biosynthesis in the midgut epithelial cells which indirectly reduces the vitellogenin concentration in the hemolymph resulting in inhibition of oocyte development.
Synthesized and released from follicular epithelium 18-24 hours after a blood meal. Synthesis peaks at 36 hours and stops at 56 hours.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. MtnA subfamily.
Catalyzes the interconversion of methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) into methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P).
Interacts with UBC9, RAN, RBM8A, eIF-1A and PAX6.
Belongs to the ROX family. NO66 subfamily.
Oxygenase that can act as both a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase. Specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-36' (H3K36me) of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code (By similarity).
Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. LepA subfamily.
Promotes mitochondrial protein synthesis. May act as a fidelity factor of the translation reaction, by catalyzing a one-codon backward translocation of tRNAs on improperly translocated ribosomes. Binds to mitochondrial ribosomes in a GTP-dependent manner.
This protein may be expected to contain an N-terminal transit peptide but none has been predicted.
Required for vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
May be involved in the degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins.
Catalytic component of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex.
Catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex that acts by directly joining spliced tRNA halves to mature-sized tRNAs by incorporating the precursor-derived splice junction phosphate into the mature tRNA as a canonical 3',5'-phosphodiester. May act as an RNA ligase with broad substrate specificity, and may function toward other RNAs.
Ligation probably proceeds through 3 nucleotidyl transfer steps, with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini being hydrolyzed to 3'-P termini in a step that precedes 3'-P activation with GMP. In the first nucleotidyl transfer step, RTCB reacts with GTP to form a covalent RTCB-histidine-GMP intermediate with release of PPi; in the second step, the GMP moiety is transferred to the RNA 3'-P; in the third step, the 5'-OH from the opposite RNA strand attacks the activated 3'-P to form a 3',5'-phosphodiester bond and release GMP.
Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.
Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphatase family.
Belongs to the tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase family.
A hormone that controls sex pheromone production in females and pheromone responsiveness in male. Also mediates visceral muscle contractile activity (myotropic activity) (By similarity).
Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family. MINPP1 subfamily.
Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic13 family.
Component of the MICOS complex, a large protein complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that plays crucial roles in the maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane.
Component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 20 family.
Essential factor for the assembly of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.
Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.
Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 32 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (28S, 5.8S and 5S). Interacts with ribosomal protein S21.
Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.
Belongs to the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C family.
Component of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP, which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA 5' splice-site and the subsequent assembly of the spliceosome. U1-C is directly involved in initial 5' splice-site recognition for both constitutive and regulated alternative splicing. The interaction with the 5' splice-site seems to precede base-pairing between the pre-mRNA and the U1 snRNA. Stimulates commitment or early (E) complex formation by stabilizing the base pairing of the 5' end of the U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region.
U1 snRNP is composed of the 7 core Sm proteins B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F and G that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP, and at least 3 U1 snRNP-specific proteins U1-70K, U1-A and U1-C. U1-C interacts with U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region of the pre-mRNA.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase subfamily.
Component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS7 family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase H subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment (By similarity). Subunit H is essential for V-ATPase activity, but not for the assembly of the complex.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments.
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex.
Component of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC).
Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.
Belongs to the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family.
Has a role in the biogenesis of eye pigment granules. Eye pigment granules are specialized forms of late endosomes or lysosomes. Biogenesis of pigment granules in the eye requires molecular components required for protein delivery to lysosomes (By similarity).
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.
Belongs to the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F1F0 ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F1 - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F0 - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F1 is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F0 domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane.
Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily.
Protein that can both mediate the addition of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) to specific residues of target proteins (AMPylation), and the removal of the same modification from target proteins (de-AMPylation), depending on the context (By similarity). The side chain of Glu-255 determines which of the two opposing activities (AMPylase or de-AMPylase) will take place (By similarity). Acts as a key regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) by mediating AMPylation or de-AMPylation of Hsc70-3/BiP. In unstressed cells, acts as an adenylyltransferase by mediating AMPylation of Hsc70-3/BiP at 'Thr-518', thereby inactivating it. In response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, acts as a phosphodiesterase by mediating removal of ATP (de-AMPylation) from Hsc70-3/BiP at 'Thr-518', leading to restore HSPA5/BiP activity (By similarity).
The fido domain mediates the adenylyltransferase activity.
The side chain of Glu-255 determines which of the two opposing activities (AMPylase or de-AMPylase) will take place. In response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, mediates de-AMPylase activity (By similarity). Adenylyltransferase activity is inhibited by the inhibitory helix present at the N-terminus: Glu-255 binds ATP and competes with ATP-binding at Arg-395, thereby preventing adenylyltransferase activity (By similarity). In unstressed cells, disengagement of Glu-255 promotes adenylyltransferase activity (By similarity). Activation dissociates ATP-binding from Glu-255, allowing ordered binding of the entire ATP moiety with the alpha-phosphate in an orientation that is productive for accepting an incoming target hydroxyl side chain (By similarity).
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks.
Belongs to the MPDU1 (TC 2.A.43.3) family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAC subfamily.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. eIF4A subfamily.
Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-5 (PP-T) subfamily.
The conversion to 3-oxoalanine (also known as C-formylglycine, FGly), of a serine or cysteine residue in prokaryotes and of a cysteine residue in eukaryotes, is critical for catalytic activity.
Belongs to the ATPase delta chain family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain and the peripheric stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha(3)beta(3) subcomplex and subunit a/ATP6 static relative to the rotary elements.
Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase family.
Belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily.
Belongs to the insect beta-1,3-glucan binding protein family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family.
Proton-conducting pore forming of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.
Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, and thus regulates transcriptional activity.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase NEP1 family.
Belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator family.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family.
Decapping enzyme for NAD-capped RNAs: specifically hydrolyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cap from a subset of RNAs by removing the entire NAD moiety from the 5'-end of an NAD-capped RNA.
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. BPG-dependent PGAM subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIIa family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Phosphotriesterase family.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL37 family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell.
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the WD repeat NOL10/ENP2 family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. NTM1 family.
Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.
May play an important role in spermatogenesis and/or testis development.
Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS17 family.
Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth.
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a non-competitive inhibitor that prevents formation of the closed enzyme conformation by binding to the same site as the amobile flap. In contrast, mizoribine monophosphate (MZP) is a competitive inhibitor that induces the closed conformation. MPA is a potent inhibitor of mammalian IMPDHs but a poor inhibitor of the bacterial enzymes. MZP is a more potent inhibitor of bacterial IMPDH.
Belongs to the ATP synthase subunit s family.
Homotetramer. Associates with ATP synthase.
Involved in regulation of mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase. Necessary for H(+) conduction of ATP synthase. Facilitates energy-driven catalysis of ATP synthesis by blocking a proton leak through an alternative proton exit pathway.
Belongs to the X(+)/potassium ATPases subunit beta family.
Belongs to the pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase family.
Catalyzes the oxidation of either pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) into pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP).
Belongs to the CISD protein family. CISD2 subfamily.
Belongs to the WD repeat coronin family.
Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL40 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 90 family.
Protein O-glucosyltransferase. Catalyzes the reaction that attaches glucose through an O-glycosidic linkage to a conserved serine residue found in the consensus sequence C-X-S-X-[PA]-C in epidermal growth factor-like repeats. Regulates Notch signaling by glucosylating Notch in the ER, glucosylation is required for the correct folding and cleavage of Notch.
Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase II transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites. The arresting sites in DNA have the property of trapping a certain fraction of elongating RNA polymerases that pass through, resulting in locked ternary complexes. Cleavage of the nascent transcript by S-II allows the resumption of elongation from the new 3'-terminus.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AB hydrolase 2 family.
Belongs to the peptidase C12 family. BAP1 subfamily.
Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic component of the PR-DUB complex, a complex that specifically mediates deubiquitination of histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-118' (H2AK118ub1) (By similarity).
Component of a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex.
Component of the coenzyme Q biosynthetic pathway. May play a role in organizing a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex required for coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Required for steady-state levels of other COQ polypeptides.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family.
Cysteine protease that plays a key role in autophagy by mediating both proteolytic activation and delipidation of ATG8 family proteins.
Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP] family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S2 family.
Binds to the intracellular domain of tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor. The binding domain of TRAP1 and TRAP2 resides outside the death domain of TNFR1.
Belongs to the inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) (TC 2.A.20) family.
Sodium-phosphate symporter which plays a fundamental housekeeping role in phosphate transport.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family.
Part of the multisubunit transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.
Involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility. Acts in association with DOCK1 and CRK. Was initially proposed to be required in complex with DOCK1 to activate Rac Rho small GTPases. May enhance the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of DOCK1.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family. Delta-COP subfamily.
The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins.
Belongs to the aerobic coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase family.
Belongs to the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family.
This enzyme is involved in nucleotide metabolism: it produces dUMP, the immediate precursor of thymidine nucleotides and it decreases the intracellular concentration of dUTP so that uracil cannot be incorporated into DNA.
Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. MOCOS subfamily.
Sulfurates the molybdenum cofactor. Sulfation of molybdenum is essential for xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and aldehyde oxidase (ADO) enzymes in which molybdenum cofactor is liganded by 1 oxygen and 1 sulfur atom in active form.
Belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family.
Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL17 family.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. ISWI subfamily.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family.
Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family.
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2) during ubiquinone biosynthesis. Has also a structural role in the COQ enzyme complex, stabilizing other COQ polypeptides. Involved in lifespan determination in a ubiquinone-independent manner.
Belongs to the acid sphingomyelinase family.
Essential for nerve cord development. Functions downstream of fra to control axon guidance across the central nervous system (CNS) midline.
In embryos expressed in the brain and overlying head tissue. Expressed in the ventral nerve cord at the onset of commissural axon guidance toward the midline. Expression levels in the ventral nerve cord peak in 50 hour old embryos. By 52 hours expression becomes restricted and appears to be expressed specifically in neurons which cross the midline such as EG, RP1, RP3 and RP4. At 54 hours, when most commissural axons have crossed the midline, expression levels in the nerve cord was no longer detected.
RNAi-mediated knockdown results in thinning or even complete loss of commissural axons in embryonic nerve cords.
Component of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles containing H/ACA-type snoRNAs (H/ACA snoRNPs).
Required for ribosome biogenesis. Part of a complex which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA. This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Pseudouridine ("psi") residues may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.
Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which bind Fe(3+) ion in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate.
Belongs to the riboflavin transporter family.
Plasma membrane transporter mediating the uptake by cells of the water soluble vitamin B2/riboflavin that plays a key role in biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions of the carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism.
Highly expressed level in the midgut and brain in adult females, and at lower level in the abdominal and thoracic ganglia. High levels are detected in corpora allata (CA), Malpighian tubules and fat body.
Mediates oxidation of farnesol into farnesal, a precursor of juvenile hormone in the corpora allata (CA), the glands that synthesize juvenile hormone. Able to oxidize C(10) to C(15) isoprenoid and aliphatic alcohols.
Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family.
Catalyzes the exchange of eukaryotic initiation factor 2-bound GDP for GTP.
Complex of five different subunits; alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S3 family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c-type heme lyase family.
Lyase that catalyzes the covalent linking of the heme group to the cytochrome C apoprotein to produce the mature functional cytochrome.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 30 family.
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
SNARE involved in targeting and fusion of ER-derived transport vesicles with the Golgi complex as well as Golgi-derived retrograde transport vesicles with the ER.
Involved in the early part of the secretory pathway.
Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS39 family.
Belongs to the ALG10 glucosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS21 family.
Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase type 1 subfamily.
Binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit. Has a high-affinity and a low affinity metal-binding site. The true nature of the physiological cofactor is under debate. The enzyme is active with cobalt, zinc, manganese or divalent iron ions. Most likely, methionine aminopeptidases function as mononuclear Fe(2+)-metalloproteases under physiological conditions, and the catalytically relevant metal-binding site has been assigned to the histidine-containing high-affinity site.
Cotranslationally removes the N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins. The N-terminal methionine is often cleaved when the second residue in the primary sequence is small and uncharged (Met-Ala-, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser, Thr, or Val).
Belongs to the aromatic-ring hydroxylase family. KMO subfamily.
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) to form 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (L-3OHKyn). Required for synthesis of quinolinic acid.
Inhibited by pyridoxal phosphate and chloride ions.
Downstream effector molecule involved in the transmission of signals from tyrosine kinase receptors and small GTPases to the actin cytoskeleton. Promotes formation of actin filaments. Part of the WAVE complex that regulates lamellipodia formation. The WAVE complex regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex.
Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.
Belongs to the attacin/sarcotoxin-2 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. EFM4 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA13 subunit family.
Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase e1/e2 subunit family.
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 22 family.
Belongs to the AEBP2/jing C2H2-type zinc-finger family.
May functionally interact with Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins to repress transcription.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. May also be required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Binds 3 Ca(2+) ions per subunit. The ions are bound to the C2 domains.
May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL23 family.
Belongs to the FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family.
Component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module CAK controls the initiation of transcription.
Part of a TFIID-containing RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex that is composed of TBP and at least GTF2A1, GTF2A2, GTF2E1, GTF2E2, GTF2F1, GTF2H2, GTF2H3, GTF2H4, GTF2H5, GTF2B, TCEA1, ERCC2, ERCC3, TAF1, TAF2, TAF3, TAF4, TAF5, TAF6, TAF7, TAF8, TAF9, TAF10, TAF11, TAF12 and TAF13. Component of the 7-subunit TFIIH core complex composed of XPB/ERCC3, XPD/ERCC2, GTF2H1, GTF2H2, GTF2H3, GTF2H4 and GTF2H5, which is active in NER. The core complex associates with the 3-subunit CDK-activating kinase (CAK) module composed of CCNH/cyclin H, CDK7 and MNAT1 to form the 10-subunit holoenzyme (holo-TFIIH) active in transcription. Interacts with RARA; the interaction requires prior phosphorylation of RARA on 'Ser-369' which then enhances interaction of RARA with CDK7.
Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family.
UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase catalyzing the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate into UDP-glucose, a crucial precursor for the production of glycogen.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ran family.
GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export. Involved in chromatin condensation and control of cell cycle.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. MenG/UbiE family.
Methyltransferase required for the conversion of 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DDMQH2) to 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2).
Belongs to the calcineurin regulatory subunit family.
Stimulates both fluid secretion by the Malpighian tubules and hindgut contractions. Depolarize the transepithelial voltage of the Malpighian tubules in concentrations of less than 10(-9) M and increase the frequency of hindgut contractions at concentrations above 10(-8) M.
Forms homohexameric rings (Probable). May form a dodecamer with pont made of two stacked hexameric rings. Component of the chromatin remodeling Ino80 complex (By similarity).
Belongs to the RBR family. Parkin subfamily.
Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins.
Plays a role in the recruitment of the exosome to pre-rRNA to mediate the 3'-5' end processing of the 5.8S rRNA.
Component of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex which is composed of eight different subunits and is required for normal Golgi morphology and localization.
Interacts (via N-terminus) with mago and tsu/Y14; the interaction is direct.
Regulator of the exon junction complex (EJC), a multiprotein complex that associates immediately upstream of the exon-exon junction on mRNAs and serves as a positional landmarks for the intron exon structure of genes and directs post-transcriptional processes in the cytoplasm such as mRNA export, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) or translation.
Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase large subunit family.
Regulatory subunit of the DNA primase complex and component of the DNA polymerase alpha complex (also known as the alpha DNA polymerase-primase complex) which play an essential role in the initiation of DNA synthesis. The primase subunit of the polymerase alpha complex initiates DNA synthesis by oligomerising short RNA primers on both leading and lagging strands.
Belongs to the very long-chain fatty acids dehydratase HACD family.
Catalyzes the third of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of two carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate into trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA, within each cycle of fatty acid elongation. Thereby, it participates to the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Aurora subfamily.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS33 family.
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family.
Component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX18/HAS1 subfamily.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. NOG2 subfamily.
GTPase that associates with pre-60S ribosomal subunits in the nucleolus and is required for their nuclear export and maturation.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the 40S ribosomal initiation complex (40S.mRNA.Met-tRNA[F].eIF-2.GTP) with the subsequent joining of a 60S ribosomal subunit resulting in the release of eIF-2 and the guanine nucleotide. The subsequent joining of a 60S ribosomal subunit results in the formation of a functional 80S initiation complex (80S.mRNA.Met-tRNA[F]).
Belongs to the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase type 1 family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. MFSD6 family.
Forms a regulatory protein-RNA complex, consisting of RCC1L, NGRN, RPUSD3, RPUSD4, TRUB2, FASTKD2 and 16S mt-rRNA. Interacts with 16S mt-rRNA; this interaction is direct.
Plays an essential role in mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis. As a component of a functional protein-RNA module, consisting of RCC1L, NGRN, RPUSD3, RPUSD4, TRUB2, FASTKD2 and 16S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA), controls 16S mt-rRNA abundance and is required for intra-mitochondrial translation of core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 7 family.
Catalyzes the transfer of galactose onto proteins or lipids.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL40 family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Allantoinase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits. RPB4 and RPB7 form a subcomplex that protrudes from the 10-subunit Pol II core complex.
Troponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity.
Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Has a role in the nuclear export of 40S pre-ribosomal subunit to the cytoplasm.
Component of the ESCRT-I complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport I), a regulator of vesicular trafficking process.
Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family.
Component of the sequence-specific heterotrimeric transcription factor (NF-Y) which specifically recognizes a 5'-CCAAT-3' box motif found in the promoters of its target genes. NF-Y can function as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL6 family.
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. GMF subfamily.
Belongs to the heteromeric odorant receptor channel (TC 1.A.69) family.
Expressed at much higher levels in mosquito strains that preferentially bite human compared to 'ancestral' strains that prefer to bite non-human animals.
Odorant receptor that specifically recognizes the human odorant sulcatone (6-methylhept-5-en-2-onesul), a volatile odorant emitted at uniquely high levels in humans, thereby playing a key role in mosquito's preference in biting human compared to other animals.
The protein-coding sequence is highly variable and 7 major alleles have been identified, numbered from allele A to G. Alleles A, B, C, F, and G are highly sensitive to sulcatone, while alleles D and E are less sensitive to sulcatone odor. The sequence displayed is that of allele A.
Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family.
Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family.
Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. NUBP2/CFD1 subfamily.
Binds 4 [4Fe-4S] clusters per heterotetramer. Contains two stable clusters in the N-termini of NUBP1 and two labile, bridging clusters between subunits of the NUBP1-NUBP2 heterotetramer.
Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. The NUBP1-NUBP2 heterotetramer forms a Fe-S scaffold complex, mediating the de novo assembly of an Fe-S cluster and its transfer to target apoproteins.
Heterotetramer of 2 NUBP1 and 2 NUBP2 chains.
Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family.
Involved in the second step of GPI biosynthesis. De-N-acetylation of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruD family.
Catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) that is essential for nucleotide synthesis.
Homodimer. The active form is probably a hexamer composed of 3 homodimers.
Belongs to the TPT transporter family. SLC35C subfamily.
Heterotetramer of TRAP-alpha, TRAP-beta, TRAP-delta and TRAP-gamma.
TRAP proteins are part of a complex whose function is to bind calcium to the ER membrane and thereby regulate the retention of ER resident proteins.
Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.
Required for correct functioning of the GINS complex, a complex that plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication, and progression of DNA replication forks. GINS complex seems to bind preferentially to single-stranded DNA.
Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family.
Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2.A.17) family.
Plays a role in the sugar gustatory response.
The SMN complex catalyzes the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome, and thereby plays an important role in the splicing of cellular pre-mRNAs.
Catalyzes the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent transamination of both 3-hydroxykynurenine and L-kynurenine to xanthurenic acid and kynurenic acid, respectively, preferentially using the alpha-ketoacid pyruvate, glyoxylate or oxaloacetate as the amino group acceptor (PubMed:11880382, PubMed:12220660). The affinity and catalytic efficiency for 3-hydroxykynurenine is higher than for L-kynurenine (PubMed:12220660). Involved in the detoxification of cytotoxic metabolite 3-hydroxykynurenine generated by the hydroxylation of L-kynurenine, an intermediate in the tryptophan catabolism pathway (PubMed:11880382, PubMed:12220660). Also catalyzes, although with a lesser efficiency, the transamination of alanine with glyoxylate as an amino group acceptor (PubMed:11880382). May play a role in the detoxification of glyoxylate, a toxic plant metabolite from the diet (Probable).
Expressed in developing ovaries and larvae (PubMed:11880382). Expression increases from 1- to 4-day-old larvae, decreases in 5- and 6-day-old larvae and newly formed pupae, and becomes undetectable in 12 h pupae (PubMed:11880382).
Homodimer (By similarity). May form homotetramer (PubMed:12220660).
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL12 family.
Belongs to the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase subfamily.
Catalyzes the cofactor-independent reversible oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) to succinic semialdehyde (SSA) coupled to reduction of 2-ketoglutarate (2-KG) to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). L-3-hydroxybutyrate (L-3-OHB) is also a substrate for HOT when using 2-KG as hydrogen acceptor, resulting in the formation of D-2-HG (By similarity).
Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53) family.
Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein alpha subunit family.
F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments.
Chaperone protein which promotes assembly of the 20S proteasome as part of a heterodimer with PSMG1.
Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily.
Probable ATP-binding RNA helicase which plays a central role during gametogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons (By similarity).
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Associates primarily with CDK7 and MAT1 to form the CAK complex. CAK can further associate with the core-TFIIH to form the TFIIH basal transcription factor.
Regulates CDK7, the catalytic subunit of the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex. CAK activates the cyclin-associated kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 by threonine phosphorylation. CAK complexed to the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor activates RNA polymerase II by serine phosphorylation of the repetitive C-terminal domain (CTD) of its large subunit (POLR2A), allowing its escape from the promoter and elongation of the transcripts. Involved in cell cycle control and in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. Its expression and activity are constant throughout the cell cycle.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL54 family.
Small GTPase required for proper localization of RNA polymerase II and III (RNAPII and RNAPIII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the twisted gastrulation protein family.
Probable acetyltransferase, which acetylates the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol during biosynthesis of GPI-anchor.
Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGN subfamily.
Ethanolamine phosphate transferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers ethanolamine phosphate to the first alpha-1,4-linked mannose of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol precursor of GPI-anchor.
Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family.
Catalyzes the exchange of an acyl for a long-chain alkyl group and the formation of the ether bond in the biosynthesis of ether phospholipids.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. SerB family.
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis via the modulation of cell polarity development.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family.
Catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Peptidase M19 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family.
Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family.
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium.
Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family.
Allosterically activated by ADP, AMP, or fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and allosterically inhibited by ATP or citrate.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. ATP-dependent PFK group I subfamily. Eukaryotic two domain clade "E" sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. ATP-dependent PFK group I subfamily. Eukaryotic two domain clade 'E' sub-subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by ATP, the first committing step of glycolysis.
Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.
Forms a heterodimer with the catalytic subunit.
Required for the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA. In the complex, it is required to stabilize and induce conformational changes of the catalytic subunit.
Belongs to the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family.
Converts O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) required for selenoprotein biosynthesis.
Homotetramer formed by a catalytic dimer and a non-catalytic dimer serving as a binding platform that orients tRNASec for catalysis. Each tetramer binds the CCA ends of two tRNAs which point to the active sites of the catalytic dimer.
Belongs to the MsrA Met sulfoxide reductase family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S9 family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family.
Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs.
Heterodimer with MAGOH. Part of the mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complex (EJC) complex; the core complex contains CASC3, EIF4A3, MAGOH and RBM8A.
Belongs to the peroxidase family. XPO subfamily.
Binds 1 heme b (iron(II)-protoporphyrin IX) group per heterodimer.
Expression levels increase 24 hours following blood feeding. Peak peroxidase activity is reached at 36-48 hours after a blood meal.
Extremely resistant to denaturating agents, such as SDS and organic solvents.
Involved in the formation of a rigid and insoluble egg chorion by catalyzing chorion protein cross-linking through dityrosine formation and phenol oxidase-catalyzed chorion melanization.
N-glycosylated on Trp by mannose and on Asn by N-acetylglucosamine.
There is a hexose glycosylation of an unidentified residue between 654 and 708; Trp-680 is conserved in closely related species and is probably mannosylated.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 22 family.
Mannosyltransferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers the third alpha-1,2-mannose to Man2-GlcN-acyl-PI during GPI precursor assembly.
Belongs to the tubulin polyglutamylase family.
Belongs to the sphingomyelin synthase family.
The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). SRP9 together with SRP14 and the Alu portion of the SRP RNA, constitutes the elongation arrest domain of SRP. The complex of SRP9 and SRP14 is required for SRP RNA binding.
Heterodimer with SRP9; binds RNA as heterodimer. Component of a signal recognition particle (SRP) complex that consists of a 7SL RNA molecule of 300 nucleotides and six protein subunits: SRP72, SRP68, SRP54, SRP19, SRP14 and SRP9.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL18 family.
Belongs to the flagellar radial spoke RSP3 family.
Belongs to the TALE/IRO homeobox family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase subunit F6 family.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain.
Proteolytically removes the C-terminal three residues of farnesylated proteins.
Found in a mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complex (EJC). Found in a complex with SR proteins. Found in a mRNP complex with RNPS1. Component of the PSAP complex consisting of RNPS1, SAP18 and PNN. Interacts with PNISR, CTBP1, CTBP2, KRT8, KRT18, KRT19, PS1D/PNO40, PPIG, RNPS1, SFRS4 and SRRM2. Identified in the spliceosome C complex.
Belongs to the dynein heavy chain family.
Facilitates hematophagy by preventing ADP-dependent platelet aggregation in the host. May reduce probing time by facilitating the speed of locating blood.
Not detectable in females on the first day after eclosion, but is detectable on the second day. It is maximally expressed by day 4.
Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. Part of an electron transfer chain functioning in an early step of cytosolic Fe-S biogenesis, facilitating the de novo assembly of a [4Fe-4S] cluster on the cytosolic Fe-S scaffold complex. Electrons are transferred from NADPH via a FAD- and FMN-containing diflavin oxidoreductase. Together with the diflavin oxidoreductase, also required for the assembly of the diferric tyrosyl radical cofactor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), probably by providing electrons for reduction during radical cofactor maturation in the catalytic small subunit.
The C-terminal domain binds 2 Fe-S clusters but is otherwise mostly in an intrinsically disordered conformation.
The N-terminal domain has structural similarity with S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases, but does not bind S-adenosyl-L-methionine. It is required for correct assembly of the 2 Fe-S clusters.
The twin Cx2C motifs are involved in the recognition by the mitochondrial MIA40-ERV1 disulfide relay system. The formation of 2 disulfide bonds in the Cx2C motifs through dithiol/disulfide exchange reactions effectively traps the protein in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Component of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which binds co-transcriptionally to the 5' cap of pre-mRNAs and is involved in various processes such as pre-mRNA splicing and RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi). The CBC complex is involved in miRNA-mediated RNA interference and is required for primary microRNAs (miRNAs) processing. Also involved in innate immunity via the short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) processing machinery by restricting the viral RNA production. In the CBC complex, Cbp20 recognizes and binds capped RNAs (m7GpppG-capped RNA) but requires Cbp80 to stabilize the movement of its N-terminal loop and lock the CBC into a high affinity cap-binding state with the cap structure (By similarity).
Component of the nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC), a heterodimer composed of Cbp80 and Cbp20 that interacts with m7GpppG-capped RNA.
Component of the transition zone in primary cilia. Required for ciliogenesis.
Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. May play a role in binding dynein to membranous organelles or chromosomes.
Belongs to the dynein light intermediate chain family.
Homodimer. The cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex consists of two catalytic heavy chains (HCs) and a number of non-catalytic subunits presented by intermediate chains (ICs).
May associate with CadN and participate in the transmission of developmental information. Can associate with alpha-catenin. Accumulates through wg signaling; arm function in wg signal transduction is required early in development for determination of neuroblast fate. Arm and Abl proteins function cooperatively at adherens junctions in both the CNS and epidermis (By similarity).
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Hydantoinase/dihydropyrimidinase family.
Carbamylation allows a single lysine to coordinate two divalent metal cations.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the saccharopine dehydrogenase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AlaDH/PNT family.
Belongs to the peptidase M24 family. SPT16 subfamily.
Component of the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. The FACT complex is involved in multiple processes that require DNA as a template such as mRNA elongation, DNA replication and DNA repair. During transcription elongation the FACT complex acts as a histone chaperone that both destabilizes and restores nucleosomal structure. It facilitates the passage of RNA polymerase II and transcription by promoting the dissociation of one histone H2A-H2B dimer from the nucleosome, then subsequently promotes the reestablishment of the nucleosome following the passage of RNA polymerase II.
Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family.
Converts protoheme IX and farnesyl diphosphate to heme O.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. LDAH family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB8 RNA polymerase subunit family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.
Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily.
Belongs to the TFIIE alpha subunit family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 10 family.
Antibacterial peptide mostly active against Gram-positive bacteria.
Expressed 30 minutes after infection and remained present through to 21 days. Expressed in white or callow pupae during metamorphosis, but no expression was seen in larvae.
There are two defensin C isoforms, C1 and C2 (shown here).
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS6 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the FGAMS family.
Belongs to the D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase family.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Spinster (TC 2.A.1.49) family.
Belongs to the diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase family.
Catalyzes the ATP dependent decarboxylation of (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate to form isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). Functions in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway leading to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), a key precursor for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids and sterol synthesis.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PDPK1 subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA12 subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (TC 1.A.9.5) subfamily.
Required for the function of coenzyme Q in the respiratory chain. May serve as a chaperone or may be involved in the transport of Q6 from its site of synthesis to the catalytic sites of the respiratory complexes.
Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. They compact sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the MoaC family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. MoaA family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL27 family.
Belongs to the prokaryotic/mitochondrial release factor family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type V subfamily.
Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly machinery. Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins (By similarity).
Belongs to the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase family.
Catalytic subunit of the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase (TGT) that catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine (G) residue with queuine (Q) at position 34 (anticodon wobble position) in tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr), resulting in the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine (7-(((4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl)amino)methyl)-7-deazaguanosine). Catalysis occurs through a double-displacement mechanism. The nucleophile active site attacks the C1' of nucleotide 34 to detach the guanine base from the RNA, forming a covalent enzyme-RNA intermediate. The proton acceptor active site deprotonates the incoming queuine, allowing a nucleophilic attack on the C1' of the ribose to form the product.
Heterodimer of a catalytic subunit and an accessory subunit.
Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGG subfamily.
Alpha-L-fucosidase is responsible for hydrolyzing the alpha-1,6-linked fucose joined to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine of the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 29 family.
Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.
Catalyzes a salvage reaction resulting in the formation of AMP, that is energically less costly than de novo synthesis.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S5B/HSM3 family.
Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. INTS9 subfamily.
Belongs to the nucleoporin NSP1/NUP62 family.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC3 subfamily.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. FTS subfamily.
Lacks the conserved Cys residue necessary for ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 activity.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNAT subfamily.
Belongs to the LanC-like protein family.
Adaptins are components of the adapter complexes which link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles.
Adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) is a heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins (alpha-type and beta-type subunits), a medium adaptin (mu-type subunit) and a small adaptin (sigma-type subunit).
Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN6 subfamily.
Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL34 family.
The zeta subunit may be involved in regulating the coat assembly and, hence, the rate of biosynthetic protein transport due to its association-dissociation properties with the coatomer complex.
Maximally present at the middle of embryonic development and disappears by the end.
May play a role in activating hydrolytic enzymes that are involved in the degradation of yolk proteins in developing embryos or may function as an exopeptidase in the degradation of vitellogenin.
Synthesized in the fat body of vitellogenic females, secreted into the hemolymph and accumulates in yolk bodies of developing oocytes.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS4 subunit family.
Serine protease that shows proteolytic activity against a non-specific substrate beta-casein. Promotes or induces cell death either by direct binding to and inhibition of BIRC proteins (also called inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, IAPs), leading to an increase in caspase activity, or by a BIRC inhibition-independent, caspase-independent and serine protease activity-dependent mechanism. Can antagonize antiapoptotic activity of th by directly inducing the degradation of th.
Belongs to the 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS11 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.
Belongs to the transcriptional coactivator PC4 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
E3 UFM1-protein ligase that mediates ufmylation of target proteins.
The C-terminal part of the hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis activity that results in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (N-product and C-product). In addition, the C-terminal part displays a cholesterol transferase activity that results by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated N-product.
The dually lipidated hedgehog protein N-product is a morphogen which is essential for a variety of patterning events during development.
Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. SLC30A subfamily.
Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds.
Belongs to the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase family.
Catalyzes the ferrous insertion into protoporphyrin IX.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 19 family.
Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 43 family.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family. GTP-specific subunit beta subfamily.
GTP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. The beta subunit determines specificity for GTP.
Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.
Belongs to the actin family. ARP3 subfamily.
Belongs to the type IA topoisomerase family.
Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand.
Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family. CDC42 subfamily.
Regulates mbt kinase activity and is also required to recruit mbt to adherens junctions. Together with mbt, regulates photoreceptor cell morphogenesis (By similarity).
Interacts with ODC1 and thereby sterically blocks ODC homodimerization.
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme protein that negatively regulates ODC activity and intracellular polyamine biosynthesis and uptake in response to increased intracellular polyamine levels. Binds to ODC monomers, inhibiting the assembly of the functional ODC homodimer, and targets the monomers for ubiquitin-independent proteolytic destruction by the 26S proteasome.
Preferentially expressed in adult female midguts.
Part of the SNAPc complex composed of 5 subunits: SNAPC1, SNAPC2, SNAPC3, SNAPC4 and SNAPC5. SNAPC3 interacts with SNAPC1.
Part of the SNAPc complex required for the transcription of both RNA polymerase II and III small-nuclear RNA genes. Binds to the proximal sequence element (PSE), a non-TATA-box basal promoter element common to these 2 types of genes. Recruits TBP and BRF2 to the U6 snRNA TATA box.
Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA) (PubMed:12110301, PubMed:15556614). Also catalyzes the irreversible transamination of several amino acids including cysteine, tyrosine, glutamine, methionine, histidine and phenylalanine (PubMed:15556614). Can use various keto-acids as the amino group acceptor (PubMed:15556614, PubMed:12110301).
Competitive inhibition of L-kynurenine transamination by glutamine, methionine and histidine but not by tyrosine and phenylalanine (PubMed:15556614). Cysteine concentration between 0.31-2.5 mM increases L-kynurenine transamination while concentration above 2.5 mM inhibits L-kynurenine transamination (PubMed:15556614). Keto-acids as amino acceptors modulate the transamination activity toward L-kynurenine (PubMed:15556614).
Expressed in developing ovaries (PubMed:12110301). Expressed at high levels in the head (PubMed:12110301).
Expressed in larvae, pupae and adults (PubMed:12110301). Expressed at low levels in larvae, then expression increases at the beginning of pupal development to reach high expression levels in adults (PubMed:12110301).
X-ray structure in 1YIZ has been refined and redeposited in 5VEH.
Belongs to the V-ATPase E subunit family.
Belongs to the peroxisomal membrane protein PXMP2/4 family.
Belongs to the ATP:guanido phosphotransferase family.
Probable substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. May have a role in synapse differentiation and growth (By similarity).
Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family.
Belongs to the organo anion transporter (TC 2.A.60) family.
Binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 13 family.
Initiates complex N-linked carbohydrate formation. Essential for the conversion of high-mannose to hybrid and complex N-glycans.
The cofactor is mostly bound to the substrate.
Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta-synthase family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 23 family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase TRM13 family.
tRNA methylase which 2'-O-methylates cytidine(4) in tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Gly)(GCC), and adenosine(4) in tRNA(His).
Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I family.
Belongs to the V-ATPase G subunit family.
Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment.
Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of most RAB proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP.
Belongs to the RNA 3'-terminal cyclase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Does not have cyclase activity. Plays a role in 40S-ribosomal-subunit biogenesis in the early pre-rRNA processing steps at sites A0, A1 and A2 that are required for proper maturation of the 18S RNA.
Belongs to the ALG6/ALG8 glucosyltransferase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A family.
Component of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex.
Transfers mannose from GDP-mannose to dolichol monophosphate to form dolichol phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) which is the mannosyl donor in pathways leading to N-glycosylation, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchoring, and O-mannosylation of proteins.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.
Belongs to the apolipoprotein O/MICOS complex subunit Mic27 family.
By blood meal, iron and hydrogen peroxide.
Larvae, pupae, and adult females. Detected in midgut.
Oligomer of 24 subunits. The functional molecule forms a roughly spherical shell with a diameter of 12 nm and contains a central cavity into which the insoluble ferric iron core is deposited (By similarity).
Protection against toxic levels of iron. Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation.
Molecular scaffold for [Fe-S] cluster assembly of mitochondrial iron-sulfur proteins.
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I19 family.
Responsible for the release of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of protein biosynthesis. May increase the efficiency of translation by recycling ribosomes from one round of translation to another.
ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of misfolded, unassembled or oxidatively damaged polypeptides as well as certain short-lived regulatory proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. May also have a chaperone function in the assembly of inner membrane protein complexes. Participates in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression and in the maintenance of the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. Binds to mitochondrial DNA in a site-specific manner.
Homohexamer or homoheptamer. Organized in a ring with a central cavity.
Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family.
Assists the mosquito in its sugar-feeding capabilities (Potential). Glucosidase (By similarity).
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX47/RRP3 subfamily.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. mRNA cap 0 methyltransferase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the dsDNA virus mRNA guanylyltransferase family.
ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility. Seems to contact the pointed end of the daughter actin filament.
Belongs to the actin family. ARP2 subfamily.
Probably involved in transcriptional regulation.
Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-1 family.
Blue light-dependent regulator that is the input of the circadian feedback loop. Has no photolyase activity for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or 6-4 photoproducts. Regulation of expression by light suggests a role in photoreception for locomotor activity rhythms. Functions, together with per, as a transcriptional repressor required for the oscillation of peripheral circadian clocks and for the correct specification of clock cells. Genes directly activated by the transcription factors Clock (Clk) and cycle (cyc) are repressed by cry (By similarity).
FAD-binding region regulates cry stability, cry-tim interaction, and circadian photosensitivity.
Interacts with tim and per; promoted by light conditions.
Photolyase/cryptochrome alpha/beta domain is sufficient for light detection and phototransduction.
Belongs to the SINA (Seven in absentia) family.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates.
The RING-type zinc finger domain is essential for ubiquitin ligase activity.
The SBD domain (substrate-binding domain) mediates the interaction with substrate proteins. It is related to the TRAF family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.
The small GTPases Rab are key regulators in vesicle trafficking.
Belongs to the WD repeat PROPPIN family.
Constitutes one of the two catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5'- and 3'-splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structural features of the tRNA body.
Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs.
Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II).
Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. Purple acid phosphatase family.
Belongs to the Integrator subunit 10 family.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC24 subfamily.
Belongs to the transglutaminase-like superfamily. PNGase family.
Specifically deglycosylates the denatured form of N-linked glycoproteins in the cytoplasm and assists their proteasome-mediated degradation. Cleaves the beta-aspartyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycan and the amide side chain of Asn, converting Asn to Asp. Prefers proteins containing high-mannose over those bearing complex type oligosaccharides. Can recognize misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum that are exported to the cytosol to be destroyed and deglycosylate them, while it has no activity toward native proteins. Deglycosylation is a prerequisite for subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of some, but not all, misfolded glycoproteins.
Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and may therefore play an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL53 family.
Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily.
Component of some SAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complexes. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex of SAGA called the DUB module (deubiquitination module) (By similarity).
The C-terminal SGF11-type zinc-finger domain forms part of the 'catalytic lobe' of the SAGA deubiquitination module.
The long N-terminal helix forms part of the 'assembly lobe' of the SAGA deubiquitination module.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family. Beta3-Gal-T subfamily.
Belongs to the dynactin subunits 5/6 family. Dynactin subunit 6 subfamily.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. ULA1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), an essential intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase large chain family.
Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides.
Plays an important role in the control of DNA replication and the maintenance of replication fork stability.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. FANCM sub-subfamily.
Belongs to the dolichyldiphosphatase family.
Required for efficient N-glycosylation. Necessary for maintaining optimal levels of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides. Hydrolyzes dolichyl pyrophosphate at a very high rate and dolichyl monophosphate at a much lower rate. Does not act on phosphatidate.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Zeta family.
Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.
Catalyzes an early step in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. Binds two molecules of 5-aminolevulinate per subunit, each at a distinct site, and catalyzes their condensation to form porphobilinogen.
Homooctamer; active form. Homohexamer; low activity form.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.
Belongs to the PpiC/parvulin rotamase family. PIN4 subfamily.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 2 family.
As a component of the GATOR1 complex functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 pathway.
Adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) is a heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins (alpha-type subunit AP2A1 or AP2A2 and beta-type subunit AP2B1), a medium adaptin (mu-type subunit AP2M1) and a small adaptin (sigma-type subunit AP2S1).
Belongs to the glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase family.
Belongs to the GTR/RAG GTP-binding protein family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL21 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 39 family.
Transfers mannose from Dol-P-mannose to Ser or Thr residues on proteins.
May be involved in calcium-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Probably serves as a molecular bridge in ubiquitin E3 complexes. Participates in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of beta-catenin (CTNNB1).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL43 family.
Involved in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons. Probable component of kinase complex containing SMG1 and recruited to stalled ribosomes (By similarity).
Belongs to the acetyl-CoA hydrolase/transferase family.
Belongs to the P-Pant transferase superfamily. AcpS family.
Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL42 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase family.
Methylates (mono- and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in proteins. May methylate histone H3 at 'Arg-17' and activate transcription via chromatin remodeling.
The dimethylated protein is the major form.
Belongs to the nucleoporin Nup84/Nup107 family.
Mediator of sterol homeostasis involved in sterol uptake, trafficking and distribution into membranes.
TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 1 family.
Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL9 family.
Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.
Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Quinone oxidoreductase subfamily.
Belongs to the helicase family. RAD25/XPB subfamily.
Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family.
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily.
Demethylates proteins that have been reversibly carboxymethylated.
Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Adenosine and AMP deaminases family. ADGF subfamily.
Belongs to the constitutive coactivator of PPAR-gamma family.
Belongs to the kinesin light chain family.
Kinesin is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein that play a role in organelle transport.
Oligomeric complex composed of two heavy chains and two light chains.
Structural component of the gap junctions at electrical synapses in distal and mid-depth levels in the lamina.
Catalyzes the reversible isomerization between hydroxypyruvate and 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate (also termed tartronate semialdehyde).
Belongs to the SLC13A/DASS transporter (TC 2.A.47) family. NADC subfamily.
Involved in the post-translational conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein. This arginylation is required for degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway.
Belongs to the dynactin 150 kDa subunit family.
Arginine methyltransferase involved in the assembly or stability of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I).
Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNA1 subfamily.
Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.
Small GTPase required for proper localization of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II and III (RNAPII and RNAPIII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import.
Belongs to the POU transcription factor family.
Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins.
Required for biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class dual specificity subfamily.
Dual specificity phosphatase able to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues, with a preference for phosphotyrosine as a substrate.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo6/eukaryotic RPB6 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I), RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complexes consisting of at least 13, 12 and 17 subunits, respectively.
Belongs to the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta subunit family. Type 2 subfamily.
Acts as a mediator between the cap-binding complex (CBC) and RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi). Involved in innate immunity via the short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) processing machinery by restricting the viral RNA production. Also involved microRNA (miRNA)-mediated silencing by contributing to the stability and delivery of primary miRNA transcripts to the primary miRNA processing complex (By similarity).
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. rRNA adenine N(6)-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL13 family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS26 family.
Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. BUD32 family.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC5 subfamily.
Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family.
Involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans; hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate.
Belongs to the CTL (choline transporter-like) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family.
Binds 1 pyruvoyl group covalently per subunit.
Belongs to the UPF0184 (EST00098) family.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b, cytochrome c1 and Rieske protein, 2 core protein subunits, and additional low-molecular weight protein subunits.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c.
Acts as component of the retromer cargo-selective complex (CSC). The CSC is believed to be the core functional component of retromer or respective retromer complex variants acting to prevent missorting of selected transmembrane cargo proteins into the lysosomal degradation pathway.
Required for the export of mRNAs containing poly(A) tails from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. May be involved in the terminal step of the mRNA transport through the nuclear pore complex (NPC).
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family.
Mannosylates Man(2)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate and Man(1)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate to form Man(3)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate.
Component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC)-associated TREX-2 complex (transcription and export complex 2). Component of the SAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complex. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex of SAGA called the DUB module (deubiquitination module) (By similarity).
Involved in mRNA export coupled transcription activation by association with both the TREX-2 and the SAGA complexes. The transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA is a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates histones. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators, where it is required for transcription. The TREX-2 complex functions in docking export-competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) to the nuclear entrance of the nuclear pore complex (nuclear basket). TREX-2 participates in mRNA export and accurate chromatin positioning in the nucleus by tethering genes to the nuclear periphery (By similarity).
Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Associated with the PA200 or PA28, the 20S proteasome mediates ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. This type of proteolysis is required in several pathways including spermatogenesis (20S-PA200 complex) or generation of a subset of MHC class I-presented antigenic peptides (20S-PA28 complex). Within the 20S core complex, PSMB7 displays a trypsin-like activity.
Component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
Non-catalytic component of the proteasome, a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S proteasome core and two 19S regulatory subunits. The 20S proteasome core is a barrel-shaped complex made of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings. The two outer rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two inner rings are formed by seven beta subunits. The proteolytic activity is exerted by three beta-subunits PSMB5, PSMB6 and PSMB7.
The 26S proteasome consists of a 20S proteasome core and two 19S regulatory subunits. The 20S proteasome core is composed of 28 subunits that are arranged in four stacked rings, resulting in a barrel-shaped structure. The two end rings are each formed by seven alpha subunits, and the two central rings are each formed by seven beta subunits. The catalytic chamber with the active sites is on the inside of the barrel.
Component of the class 1 Sin3-histone deacetylase complex (HDAC).
Required for the function of the class 1 Sin3-histone deacetylase complex (HDAC).
Belongs to the ribonuclease III family. Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL44 subfamily.
Belongs to the adenosylhomocysteinase family.
Functions in the early steps of protein synthesis of a small number of specific mRNAs. Acts by directing the binding of methionyl-tRNAi to 40S ribosomal subunits. In contrast to the eIF-2 complex, it binds methionyl-tRNAi to 40S subunits in a codon-dependent manner, whereas the eIF-2 complex binds methionyl-tRNAi to 40S subunits in a GTP-dependent manner.
Involved in autophagic vesicle formation.
Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family.
Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB4 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. MAK3 subfamily.
Belongs to the ATPase gamma chain family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits: alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(1) domain and the central stalk which is part of the complex rotary element. The gamma subunit protrudes into the catalytic domain formed of alpha(3)beta(3). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 27 family.
Key component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur cluster into apoproteins specifically involved in DNA metabolism and genomic integrity. In the CIA complex, MMS19 acts as an adapter between early-acting CIA components and a subset of cellular target iron-sulfur proteins.
Belongs to the CoA-transferase III family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA2 subunit family.
Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC4 subfamily.
Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 1 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.
Ubiquitin-protein ligase which is mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 31 family.
Belongs to the protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family.
Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Seems to contact the mother actin filament.
Belongs to the ATPase epsilon chain family.
May play a role in vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi.
Belongs to the selenoprotein M/F family.
Protein phosphatase inhibitor that specifically inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) during mitosis.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS31 family.
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 3 family.
Belongs to the archaeal Rpo10/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.
5'->3' double-stranded DNA exonuclease which may also possess a cryptic 3'->5' double-stranded DNA exonuclease activity. Functions in DNA mismatch repair.
Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. EXO1 subfamily.
Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. They probably participate in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. May bind an additional third magnesium ion after substrate binding.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 11 family.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC2 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase small subunit family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.
Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). May act by forming a heterodimer with NCS6/CTU1 that ligates sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position.
Plays a role in determining ER morphology.
The C4-type zinc finger motif is necessary both for its ER three-way tubular junction localization and formation.
Myosin is a hexamer of 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains.
Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC23 subfamily.
Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules.
Belongs to the sarcoglycan beta/delta/gamma/zeta family.
Component of the sarcoglycan complex, a subcomplex of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex which forms a link between the F-actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix.
Cross-link to form 2 major subcomplexes: one consisting of SGCB, SGCD and SGCG and the other consisting of SGCB and SGCD. The association between SGCB and SGCG is particularly strong while SGCA is loosely associated with the other sarcoglycans.
Belongs to the phosphorylase b kinase regulatory chain family.
Phosphorylase b kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine in certain substrates, including troponin I.
Belongs to the CND2 (condensin subunit 2) family.
Regulatory subunit of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes.
Belongs to the PNP/UDP phosphorylase family.
Belongs to the UTP23/FCF1 family. FCF1 subfamily.
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx6 subfamily.
Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily.
Belongs to the peptidase M24A family. Methionine aminopeptidase eukaryotic type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. CPSF5 subfamily.
Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex that functions as an activator of the pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation processing required for the maturation of pre-mRNA into functional mRNAs. CFIm contributes to the recruitment of multiprotein complexes on specific sequences on the pre-mRNA 3'-end, so called cleavage and polyadenylation signals (pA signals). Most pre-mRNAs contain multiple pA signals, resulting in alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) producing mRNAs with variable 3'-end formation. The CFIm complex acts as a key regulator of cleavage and polyadenylation site choice during APA through its binding to 5'-UGUA-3' elements localized in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) for a huge number of pre-mRNAs.
Homodimer (via N- and C-terminus); binds RNA as homodimer. Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex.
Endonuclease that mediates miRNA decay of both protein-free and AGO2-loaded miRNAs.
Belongs to the Tim17/Tim22/Tim23 family.
Essential core component of the TIM22 complex, a complex that mediates the import and insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. In the TIM22 complex, it constitutes the voltage-activated and signal-gated channel. Forms a twin-pore translocase that uses the membrane potential as external driving force in 2 voltage-dependent steps.
Component of the DRB sensitivity-inducing factor complex (DSIF complex), which regulates transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glutamate 5-kinase family.
Expressed specifically in the proximal-lateral lobes of the adult female salivary gland.
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Alax-L subfamily.
Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two-step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain.
Consists of three domains; the N-terminal catalytic domain, the editing domain and the C-terminal C-Ala domain. The editing domain removes incorrectly charged amino acids, while the C-Ala domain, along with tRNA(Ala), serves as a bridge to cooperatively bring together the editing and aminoacylation centers thus stimulating deacylation of misacylated tRNAs.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.
Belongs to the transglutaminase superfamily. Transglutaminase family.
Belongs to the threonine aldolase family.
Belongs to the OHCU decarboxylase family.
Catalyzes the stereoselective decarboxylation of 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) to (S)-allantoin.
LSm subunits form a heteromer with a doughnut shape.
Plays a role in U6 snRNP assembly and function. Binds to the 3' end of U6 snRNA.
This protein is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. UbiG/COQ3 family.
O-methyltransferase that catalyzes the 2 O-methylation steps in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway.
Required for N-linked oligosaccharide assembly.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL38 family.
Belongs to the calcium channel flower family.
Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic10 family.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIase E subfamily.
Catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in proteins.
Belongs to the Engrailed homeobox family.
Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G-actin (By similarity).
Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. Twinfilin subfamily.
Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. Type III PI4K subfamily.
Acts as a sulfur carrier required for 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Serves as sulfur donor in tRNA 2-thiolation reaction by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by MOCS3. The sulfur is then transferred to tRNA to form 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U. Also acts as a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that is covalently conjugated via an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of target proteins. The thiocarboxylated form serves as substrate for conjugation and oxidative stress specifically induces the formation of UBL-protein conjugates.
C-terminal thiocarboxylation occurs in 2 steps, it is first acyl-adenylated (-COAMP) via the hesA/moeB/thiF part of the MOCS3 homolog, then thiocarboxylated (-COSH) via the rhodanese domain of the MOCS3 homolog.
Belongs to the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase family. Type 2 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E family.
Catalyzes the transfer of a farnesyl moiety from farnesyl diphosphate to a cysteine at the fourth position from the C-terminus of several proteins. The beta subunit is responsible for peptide-binding.
Belongs to the RNase H2 subunit B family.
Non catalytic subunit of RNase H2, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes.
The RNase H2 complex is a heterotrimer composed of the catalytic subunit RNASEH2A and the non-catalytic subunits RNASEH2B and RNASEH2C.
Belongs to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase family.
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. SMARCAL1 subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS6 subunit family.
Belongs to the aldolase class II family. MtnB subfamily.
Catalyzes the dehydration of methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P) into 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P).
Produced by alternative initiation at Met-103 of isoform F.
Belongs to the WD repeat BOP1/ERB1 family.
Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family.
Component of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU).
Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.
Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC7 RNA polymerase subunit family.
Component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific peripheric component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs.
GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus.
Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic60 family.
Acts on tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, low-MW aryl phosphates and natural and synthetic acyl phosphates.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family.
Promotes transcriptional elongation by Su(Tpl)/ELL. Essential for development.
Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIIc family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM61 family.
Catalytic subunit of tRNA (adenine-N(1)-)-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of N(1)-methyladenine at position 58 (m1A58) in initiator methionyl-tRNA.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.
Belongs to the TFIIF beta subunit family.
TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB.
Belongs to the homogentisate dioxygenase family.
Belongs to the diphthine synthase family.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes four methylations of the modified target histidine residue in translation elongation factor 2 (EF-2), to form an intermediate called diphthine methyl ester. The four successive methylation reactions represent the second step of diphthamide biosynthesis.
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B56 family.
Required for proper 34S pre-rRNA processing and 60S ribosome subunit assembly.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex.
Component of an histone acetyltransferase complex. Interacts with H3K4me3 and to a lesser extent with H3K4me2.
The PHD-type zinc finger mediates the binding to H3K4me3.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family.
As part of the NSL complex it is involved in acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 on several lysine residues and therefore may be involved in the regulation of transcription.
Component of the NSL complex at least composed of MOF/KAT8, KANSL1, KANSL2, KANSL3, MCRS1, PHF20, OGT1/OGT, WDR5 and HCFC1.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that mediates RNA cap1 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of RNAs. Methylates the ribose of the first nucleotide of a m(7)GpppG-capped mRNA to produce m(7)GpppNmp (cap1).
Activated by a monovalent cation that binds near, but not in, the active site. The most likely occupant of the site in vivo is potassium. Ion binding induces a conformational change that may alter substrate affinity.
Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family. Ribokinase subfamily.
Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase pfkB family.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of ribose at O-5 in a reaction requiring ATP and magnesium. The resulting D-ribose-5-phosphate can then be used either for sythesis of nucleotides, histidine, and tryptophan, or as a component of the pentose phosphate pathway.
Requires a divalent cation, most likely magnesium in vivo, as an electrophilic catalyst to aid phosphoryl group transfer. It is the chelate of the metal and the nucleotide that is the actual substrate.
Expressed in the distal-lateral and medial lobes of the adult female salivary gland.
Thought to be involved in blood-feeding.
Transcription elongation factor implicated in the maintenance of proper chromatin structure in actively transcribed regions.
Part of the multisubunit TRAPP (transport protein particle) complex.
Belongs to the ANT/ATPSC lysine N-methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.
Heterooligomeric complex of about 850 to 900 kDa that forms two stacked rings, 12 to 16 nm in diameter.
Molecular chaperone; assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. Known to play a role, in vitro, in the folding of actin and tubulin.
Belongs to the RecA family. RAD51 subfamily.
Binds to single and double-stranded DNA and exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Underwinds duplex DNA.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX54/DBP10 subfamily.
Belongs to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein family.
The Rieske protein is a high potential 2Fe-2S protein.
Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex that is required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. The complex is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. Likely plays a direct catalytic role in this reaction, but requires other protein(s) of the complex to fulfill this activity.
Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex; the whole complex dimerizes.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 22 family.
Assembly factor required for Rieske Fe-S protein UQCRFS1 incorporation into the cytochrome b-c1 (CIII) complex. Functions as a chaperone, binding to this subunit within the mitochondrial matrix and stabilizing it prior to its translocation and insertion into the late CIII dimeric intermediate within the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB6 subunit family.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 24 family.
Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family.
Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the nucleoside 5'-monophosphates deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) and deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP).
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Era GTPase family.
Catalyzes the conversion of GlcNAc-6-P into GlcNAc-1-P during the synthesis of uridine diphosphate/UDP-GlcNAc, a sugar nucleotide critical to multiple glycosylation pathways including protein N- and O-glycosylation.
Belongs to the dihydrofolate reductase family.
Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFC2 subunit family.
Belongs to the CWC16 family. YJU2 subfamily.
Component of the spliceosome. Present in the activated B complex, the catalytically activated B* complex which catalyzes the branching, the catalytic step 1 C complex catalyzing the exon ligation, and the postcatalytic P complex containing the ligated exons (mRNA) and the excised lariat intron.
Part of the spliceosome which catalyzes two sequential transesterification reactions, first the excision of the non-coding intron from pre-mRNA and then the ligation of the coding exons to form the mature mRNA. Plays a role in stabilizing the structure of the spliceosome catalytic core and docking of the branch helix into the active site, producing 5'-exon and lariat intron-3'-intermediates.
Required for protein import into peroxisomes.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the transfer of endogenously produced octanoic acid from octanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein onto the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes. Lipoyl-ACP can also act as a substrate although octanoyl-ACP is likely to be the physiological substrate.
Component of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) involved in pigment granule biogenesis.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the AIR carboxylase family. Class II subfamily.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the SAICAR synthetase family.
Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. USP20/USP33 subfamily.
ATP dependent phosphorylation of adenosine and other related nucleoside analogs to monophosphate derivatives.
Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein beta subunit family.
Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner.
Involved in the retrieval of endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins from the early Golgi compartment.
Belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family.
eIF-5A seems to be the only eukaryotic protein to have a hypusine residue which is a post-translational modification of a lysine by the addition of a butylamino group.
mRNA-binding protein involved in translation elongation. Has an important function at the level of mRNA turnover, probably acting downstream of decapping. Critical for the efficient synthesis of peptide bonds between consecutive proline residues. Can resolve ribosomal stalling caused by consecutive prolines during translation. Involved in actin dynamics and cell cycle progression, mRNA decay and probably in a pathway involved in stress response and maintenance of cell wall integrity. Functions as a regulator of apoptosis.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase ATAT1 family.
Specifically acetylates 'Lys-40' in alpha-tubulin on the lumenal side of microtubules. Promotes microtubule destabilization and accelerates microtubule dynamics; this activity may be independent of acetylation activity. Acetylates alpha-tubulin with a slow enzymatic rate, due to a catalytic site that is not optimized for acetyl transfer. Enters the microtubule through each end and diffuses quickly throughout the lumen of microtubules. Acetylates only long/old microtubules because of its slow acetylation rate since it does not have time to act on dynamically unstable microtubules before the enzyme is released.
Belongs to the spermidine/spermine synthase family.
Belongs to the selenium-binding protein family.
Catalytic subunit of an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tRNA methyltransferase complex that mediates the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNAs.
Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family.
Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. UMP-CMP kinase subfamily.
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphates at the expense of ATP. Plays an important role in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Has preference for UMP and CMP as phosphate acceptors.
Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the HesA/MoeB/ThiF family. UBA4 subfamily.
Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Also essential during biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. Acts by mediating the C-terminal thiocarboxylation of sulfur carriers URM1 and MOCS2A. Its N-terminus first activates URM1 and MOCS2A as acyl-adenylates (-COAMP), then the persulfide sulfur on the catalytic cysteine is transferred to URM1 and MOCS2A to form thiocarboxylation (-COSH) of their C-terminus. The reaction probably involves hydrogen sulfide that is generated from the persulfide intermediate and that acts as nucleophile towards URM1 and MOCS2A. Subsequently, a transient disulfide bond is formed. Does not use thiosulfate as sulfur donor; NFS1 probably acting as a sulfur donor for thiocarboxylation reactions.
Component of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which binds cotranscriptionally to the 5'-cap of pre-mRNAs and is involved in various processes such as pre-mRNA splicing and RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi). The CBC complex is involved in miRNA-mediated RNA interference and is required for primary microRNAs (miRNAs) processing. Also involved in innate immunity via the short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) processing machinery by restricting the viral RNA production. In the CBC complex, Cbp80 does not bind directly capped RNAs (m7GpppG-capped RNA) but is required to stabilize the movement of the N-terminal loop of Cbp20 and lock the CBC into a high affinity cap-binding state with the cap structure (By similarity).
Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family.
Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B family.
Participates in DNA repair and in chromosomal DNA replication.
Belongs to the EF-1-beta/EF-1-delta family.
Involved in the lipid remodeling steps of GPI-anchor maturation.
Binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the 40S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex in the cytoplasm. May also be involved in ribosome biogenesis.
Monomer. Associates with the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.
Catalyzes the dehydration of the S-form of NAD(P)HX at the expense of ATP, which is converted to ADP. Together with NAD(P)HX epimerase, which catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms, the enzyme allows the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL49 family.
Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family.
Binds 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters per subunit. One cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives.
The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine.
The glycine cleavage system is composed of four proteins: P, T, L and H.
Belongs to the queuosine salvage protein family.
Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. Type II PI4K subfamily.
Splice factor that binds to the single-stranded 3'AG at the exon/intron border and promotes its utilization in the second catalytic step. Involved in the regulation of alternative splicing and the utilization of cryptic splice sites.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.
Belongs to the SMC family. SMC1 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS28 family.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily.
Belongs to the dus family. Dus3 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family.
Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD Type 1 subfamily.
Supercomplex made of cofactors A to E. Cofactors A and D function by capturing and stabilizing tubulin in a quasi-native conformation. Cofactor E binds to the cofactor D-tubulin complex; interaction with cofactor C then causes the release of tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state.
Tubulin-folding protein; involved in the early step of the tubulin folding pathway.
Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. PCH2 subfamily.
Belongs to the V-ATPase D subunit family.
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL31 family.
Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL33 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL42 family.
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two-step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu).
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL22 family.
Belongs to the RNase HII family. Eukaryotic subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of RNase HII, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes.
Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids.
Manganese or magnesium. Binds 1 divalent metal ion per monomer in the absence of substrate. May bind a second metal ion after substrate binding.
Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family.
Belongs to the chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family.
Belongs to the MMS22 family. MMS22L subfamily.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily.
As part of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, that form during DNA replication or upon DNA stress. It prevents their reannealing and in parallel, recruits and activates different proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism. Thereby, it plays an essential role both in DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 1 family.
Component of the heterotrimeric canonical replication protein A complex (RPA).
Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde.
Belongs to the clathrin light chain family.
Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles.
Probable subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors.
The PAL motif is required for normal active site conformation.
Essential component of the TIM23 complex, a complex that mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. Furin subfamily.
Belongs to the ATG13 family. Metazoan subfamily.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 68 family.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCB family. Heavy Metal importer (TC 3.A.1.210) subfamily.
Belongs to the FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Required for gamma-tubulin complex recruitment to the centrosome.
Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX52/ROK1 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL21 family.
Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. Glutamate--cysteine ligase light chain subfamily.
Heterodimer of a catalytic heavy chain and a regulatory light chain.
Belongs to the polyadenylate-binding protein type-1 family.
Essential role in endosome membrane invagination and formation of multivesicular bodies, MVBs. Required during gastrulation and appears to regulate early embryonic signaling pathways. Inhibits tyrosine kinase receptor signaling by promoting degradation of the tyrosine-phosphorylated, active receptor, potentially by sorting activated receptors into MVBs. The MVBs are then trafficked to the lysosome where their contents are degraded.
Belongs to the phosphatidyl serine synthase family.
Catalyzes a base-exchange reaction in which the polar head group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is replaced by L-serine.
Belongs to the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase family. QTRT2 subfamily.
Non-catalytic subunit of the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase (TGT) that catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine (G) residue with queuine (Q) at position 34 (anticodon wobble position) in tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr), resulting in the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine (7-(((4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl)amino)methyl)-7-deazaguanosine).
Required for S phase entry of the cell cycle.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL51 family.
Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs.
Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.
Belongs to the IPP isomerase type 1 family.
Catalyzes the 1,3-allylic rearrangement of the homoallylic substrate isopentenyl (IPP) to its highly electrophilic allylic isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP).
Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA (By similarity).
Belongs to the PNP/MTAP phosphorylase family. MTAP subfamily.
Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (MTA) to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate. Involved in the breakdown of MTA, a major by-product of polyamine biosynthesis. Responsible for the first step in the methionine salvage pathway after MTA has been generated from S-adenosylmethionine. Has broad substrate specificity with 6-aminopurine nucleosides as preferred substrates.
A segment polarity gene required for wingless (wg)-dependent patterning processes, acting in both wg-sending cells and wg-target cells. In non-neuronal cells wls directs wg secretion. The wls traffic loop encompasses the Golgi, the cell surface, an endocytic compartment and a retrograde route leading back to the Golgi, and involves clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the retromer complex (a conserved protein complex consisting of Vps35 and Vps26). In neuronal cells (the larval motorneuron NMJ), the wg signal moves across the synapse via the release of wls-containing exosome-like vesicles. Postsynaptic wls is required for the trafficking of fz2 through the fz2-interacting protein Grip.
Interacts with wg; in the Golgi. Interacts with Vps35, a component of the retromer complex; wls stability is regulated by Vps35.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. BUD23/WBSCR22 family.
Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL18 family.
Belongs to the JARID1 histone demethylase family.
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB1 subunit family.
EF-1 is composed of four subunits: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma.
Probably plays a role in anchoring the complex to other cellular components.
Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family.
Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic.
Belongs to the aldolase class II family. Adducin subfamily.
Possesses 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity. Required for 3'-end trimming of AGO1-bound miRNAs (By similarity).
Belongs to the helicase family. PIF1 subfamily.
DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase required for the maintenance of both mitochondrial and nuclear genome stability.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL33 family.
May be involved in fusion of retrograde transport vesicles derived from an endocytic compartment with the Golgi complex.
Component of the cohesin loading complex.
Required for association of the cohesin complex with chromatin during interphase. Plays a role in sister chromatid cohesion and normal progression through prometaphase (By similarity).
Plays a role as an effector of the ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2, ARL2.
Catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate, which is further processed to form (S)-allantoin.
Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. Fucose synthase subfamily.
Catalyzes the two-step NADP-dependent conversion of GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose to GDP-fucose, involving an epimerase and a reductase reaction.
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin-like FAM58 subfamily.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family.
Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit (By similarity). Plays an important role in controlling cell growth and proliferation through the selective translation of particular classes of mRNA (By similarity).
Ribosomal protein S6 is the major substrate of protein kinases in eukaryote ribosomes.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 7 family.
Exhibits ester hydrolase activity on the substrate p-nitrophenyl acetate.
Expressed exclusively in the medial lobe of female salivary glands.
Vasodilatory peptide. May activate macrophages at the site of feeding.
Plays a central role during gametogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Probably acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the repression of transposons (By similarity).
Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 1 subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA11 subunit family.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 2 family.
Belongs to the polypeptide deformylase family.
Removes the formyl group from the N-terminal Met of newly synthesized proteins.
Involved in transport of proteins from the cis/medial-Golgi to the trans-Golgi network.
Transmembrane component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. Required for ciliogenesis and sonic hedgehog/SHH signaling.
Component of the elongator complex which is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs.
Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS29 family.
Belongs to the complex I 24 kDa subunit family.
Necessary for the survival of cerebellar neurons. Induces neuritogenesis by activating the Ras-MAP kinase pathway. May play a role in the maintenance of a critical intracellular glycosylation level and homeostasis.
Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family. SDE3 subfamily.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RsmH family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB7 subunit family.
Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL1 family.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METTL16/RlmF family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel.
Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of some multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
The twin CX3C motif contains 4 conserved Cys residues that form 2 disulfide bonds in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA M5U methyltransferase family.
Belongs to the glycogen debranching enzyme family.
Multifunctional enzyme acting as 1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glycosyltransferase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in glycogen degradation.
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B family.
Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. NOG subfamily.
Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Component of the GPI transamidase complex. May be involved in the recognition of either the GPI attachment signal or the lipid portion of GPI.
Belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunit family.
Involved in the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and its perinuclear clustering.
The C-terminus is required for mitochondrial localization, while the N-terminus is necessary for mitochondrial fission.
The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL32 family.
Auxillary component of the N-terminal acetyltransferase C (NatC) complex which catalyzes acetylation of N-terminal methionine residues.
Component of the N-terminal acetyltransferase C (NatC) complex, which is composed of NAA35, NAA38 and NAA30.
Belongs to the glucosamine/galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase family. 6-phosphogluconolactonase subfamily.
Hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconate.
Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIL4 subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. Sedlin subfamily.
Belongs to the PPase class C family. Prune subfamily.
Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. HMG-CoA synthase family.
Catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA.
Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. May be the terminally assembled subunit of Complex I.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFV3 subunit family.
Complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. This is a component of the flavoprotein-sulfur (FP) fragment of the enzyme.
Belongs to the eukaryotic GSH synthase family.
This enzyme scavenges exogenous and endogenous cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine for UMP synthesis.
Cilium-specific protein required for cilia structures.
Has intrinsic E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and promotes ubiquitination.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 4 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 25 family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 58 family.
Glycosylated, phosphorylated and sulfated. The large subunit is sulfated more extensively than the small one.
Precursor of the egg-yolk proteins that are sources of nutrients during embryonic development. May supply aromatic amino acids to the cuticle of rapidly developing embryos.
Produced by the fat body, where it is cleaved in the rough endoplasmic reticulum or cis-Golgi before being secreted into hemolymph. It is then sequestered by a single class of receptor mediated endocytosis in the ovary.
Synthesized only by sexually mature female after ingestion of blood.
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Omega family.
Thin filament-associated protein that is implicated in the regulation and modulation of smooth muscle contraction. It is capable of binding to actin, calmodulin and tropomyosin. The interaction of calponin with actin inhibits the actomyosin Mg-ATPase activity.
The TFIID basal transcription factor complex plays a major role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription.
Homodimer. Interacts with microtubules via its N-terminus.
Involved in endocytic trafficking. Probably acts as a cytoskeletal linker protein that tethers endosome vesicles to the cytoskeleton.
The coiled coil domain mediates homodimerization.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFA10 subunit family.
Belongs to the deoxyhypusine hydroxylase family.
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of the N(6)-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine intermediate to form hypusine, an essential post-translational modification only found in mature eIF-5A factor.
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class subfamily.
Belongs to the phospholipid scramblase family.
May mediate accelerated ATP-independent bidirectional transbilayer migration of phospholipids upon binding calcium ions that results in a loss of phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane.
Calcium-selective channel required to prevent calcium stores from overfilling.
Belongs to the complex I LYR family. SDHAF3 subfamily.
Interacts with the iron-sulfur protein subunit within the SDH catalytic dimer.
Plays an essential role in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme complex (also referred to as respiratory complex II) that is a component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and which couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) to ubiquinol. Promotes maturation of the iron-sulfur protein subunit of the SDH catalytic dimer, protecting it from the deleterious effects of oxidants. May act together with SDHAF1.
Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Fatty-acid binding protein (FABP) family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family.
Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (28S, 5.8S and 5S).
Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
Oxidation of Met-45 to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. Methionine sulfoxide is produced stereospecifically, but it is not known whether the (S)-S-oxide or the (R)-S-oxide is produced (By similarity).
Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln).
Belongs to the amidase family. GatA subfamily.
Subunit of the heterotrimeric GatCAB amidotransferase (AdT) complex, composed of A, B and C subunits.
Allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogen catabolism, the phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate, and plays a central role in maintaining cellular and organismal glucose homeostasis.
Belongs to the glycogen phosphorylase family.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family.
Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated.
Interacts with EME1 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, D-loops, replication forks and nicked Holliday junctions. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication fork intermediates. May be required in meiosis for the repair of meiosis-specific double strand breaks subsequent to single-end invasion (SEI).
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2).
Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family. DEGS subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family.
Component of 250-400 kDa complexes called cytochrome oxidase assembly intermediates or COA complexes.
Required for assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV).
Belongs to the Golgi pH regulator (TC 1.A.38) family.
Belongs to the CND3 (condensin subunit 3) family.
Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GCN5 subfamily.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. cAMP subfamily.
Belongs to the vitelline membrane family.
Belongs to the phage and mitochondrial RNA polymerase family.
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins.
May play a role in anterograde transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 2 family.
Component of ribonuclease P, a protein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends.
Specific component of the STT3A-containing form of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S5A family.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Second largest core component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Proposed to contribute to the polymerase catalytic activity and forms the polymerase active center together with the largest subunit. Pol I is composed of mobile elements and RPA2 is part of the core element with the central large cleft and probably a clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. LCMT family.
Methylates the carboxyl group of the C-terminal leucine residue of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunits to form alpha-leucine ester residues.
Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Argininosuccinate lyase subfamily.
Belongs to the TtcA family. CTU1/NCS6/ATPBD3 subfamily.
Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Directly binds tRNAs and probably acts by catalyzing adenylation of tRNAs, an intermediate required for 2-thiolation. It is unclear whether it acts as a sulfurtransferase that transfers sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position.
Required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in mitochondrial tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. Involved in mitochondrial genome maintenance.
Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 (TIMP) family.
Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF13/WDSOF1 family.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase B chain family.
F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1) - the catalytic core - and CF(0) - the membrane proton channel. CF(0) has three main subunits: a, b and c.
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain and the peripheric stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha(3)beta(3) subcomplex and subunit a/ATP6 static relative to the rotary elements.
Common component of the spliceosome and rRNA processing machinery.
Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family.
Component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex composed of hiw and Fsn.
Required in the presynaptic motoneuron to down-regulate the levels of wnd and restrain synaptic terminal growth at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ).
Stabilizer subunit of the dolichol-phosphate mannose (DPM) synthase complex; tethers catalytic subunit to the ER.
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKD subfamily.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit p55 family.
Belongs to the argininosuccinate synthase family.
Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family.
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Different beta subunits determine nucleotide specificity. Together with an ATP-specific beta subunit, forms an ADP-forming succinyl-CoA synthetase (A-SCS). Together with a GTP-specific beta subunit forms a GDP-forming succinyl-CoA synthetase (G-SCS).
Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of either ATP or GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and specificity for either ATP or GTP is provided by different beta subunits.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL30 family.
Component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex consisting of 17 subunits.
Belongs to the round spermatid basic protein 1 family.
Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. IDGF subfamily.
Specific and highly efficient GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase regulating the levels of GDP-D-glucose in cells.
Belongs to the eIF4E-binding protein family.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB5 subunit family.
Belongs to the glutamate--cysteine ligase type 3 family.
LSm subunits form a heteromer with a donut shape.
Probably involved with other LSm subunits in the general process of degradation of mRNAs.
Essential component of the RMI complex, a complex that plays an important role in the processing of homologous recombination intermediates to limit DNA crossover formation in cells. Promotes TOP3A binding to double Holliday junctions (DHJ) and hence stimulates TOP3A-mediated dissolution. Required for BLM phosphorylation during mitosis. Within the BLM complex, required for BLM and TOP3A stability.
Belongs to the replication factor A protein 3 family.
Belongs to the proteasome subunit S10 family.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS26 family.
Belongs to the PUR DNA-binding protein family.
Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family.
Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family.
Involved in an early step of the mitochondrial complex IV assembly process.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFS5 subunit family.
Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. This is a component of the iron-sulfur (IP) fragment of the enzyme.
Belongs to the SRP receptor beta subunit family.
Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family.
Belongs to the HIBADH-related family. 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase subfamily.
Belongs to the complex I 51 kDa subunit family.
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity and assembly of complex I.
Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII), a multisubunit enzyme composed of 11 subunits. The complex is composed of 3 respiratory subunits cytochrome b, cytochrome c1 and Rieske protein UQCRFS1, 2 core protein subunits UQCRC1/QCR1 and UQCRC2/QCR2, and 6 low-molecular weight protein subunits UQCRH/QCR6, UQCRB/QCR7, UQCRQ/QCR8, UQCR10/QCR9, UQCR11/QCR10 and subunit 9, the cleavage product of Rieske protein UQCRFS1. The complex exists as an obligatory dimer and forms supercomplexes (SCs) in the inner mitochondrial membrane with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), resulting in different assemblies (supercomplex SCI(1)III(2)IV(1) and megacomplex MCI(2)III(2)IV(2)). Interacts with BRAWNIN.
Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Associated with the PA200 or PA28, the 20S proteasome mediates ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. This type of proteolysis is required in several pathways including spermatogenesis (20S-PA200 complex) or generation of a subset of MHC class I-presented antigenic peptides (20S-PA28 complex). Within the 20S core complex, PSMB5 displays a chymotrypsin-like activity.
Belongs to the phospholipase B-like family.
Belongs to the lipase maturation factor family.
Involved in the maturation of specific proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.
In the C-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family.
In the N-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family.
Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes.
Belongs to the membrane magnesium transporter (TC 1.A.67) family.
Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins. May be involved in Mg(2+) transport.
Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. PHOSPHO family.
Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. UBA3 subfamily.
Catalytic subunit of the dimeric E1 enzyme, which activates NEDD8.
Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Fibrillarin family.
Belongs to the actin family. ARP8 subfamily.
Component of the chromatin remodeling Ino80 complex. Exists as monomers and dimers, but the dimer is most probably the biologically relevant form required for stable interactions with histones that exploits the twofold symmetry of the nucleosome core (By similarity).
Plays an important role in the functional organization of mitotic chromosomes. Exhibits low basal ATPase activity, and unable to polymerize (By similarity).
Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair. Strongly prefer nucleosomes and H3-H4 tetramers over H2A-H2B dimers, suggesting it may act as a nucleosome recognition module within the complex (By similarity).
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 21 family.
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. SAR1 family.
Acts as a negative regulator of G1 to S cell cycle phase progression by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases. Inhibitory effects are additive with GADD45 proteins but occurs also in the absence of GADD45 proteins. Acts as a repressor of the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 by inhibiting AB domain-mediated transcriptional activity. May be involved in the hormone-mediated regulation of NR4A1 transcriptional activity. May play a role in mitochondrial protein synthesis.
Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL64 family.
Plays a role in mitochondrial morphogenesis.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 17 family.
Catalyzes both the decarboxylation and deamination of L-dopa to 3,4-dihydroxylphenylacetaldehyde (DHPAA) (PubMed:21283636). Probably responsible for the protein cross-linking during the development of flexible cuticles (PubMed:21283636). Participates in catecholamine catabolism (PubMed:21283636).
Belongs to the biotin--protein ligase family.
Belongs to the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit family.
Non-catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin. Beta non-catalytic subunit acts as a scaffold on which the AMPK complex assembles, via its C-terminus that bridges alpha (PRKAA1 or PRKAA2) and gamma subunits (PRKAG1, PRKAG2 or PRKAG3).
Belongs to the proteasome inhibitor PI31 family.
Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family. Torsin subfamily.
Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. YchF/OLA1 subfamily.
Hydrolyzes ATP, and can also hydrolyze GTP with lower efficiency. Has lower affinity for GTP.
Belongs to the poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase family.
Belongs to the ribose 5-phosphate isomerase family.
Belongs to the RNA 3'-terminal cyclase family. Type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the conversion of 3'-phosphate to a 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester at the end of RNA. The mechanism of action of the enzyme occurs in 3 steps: (A) adenylation of the enzyme by ATP; (B) transfer of adenylate to an RNA-N3'P to produce RNA-N3'PP5'A; (C) and attack of the adjacent 2'-hydroxyl on the 3'-phosphorus in the diester linkage to produce the cyclic end product. The biological role of this enzyme is unknown but it is likely to function in some aspects of cellular RNA processing.
Interacts (via cytoplasmic region) with ILK.
Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.
DNA polymerase II participates in chromosomal DNA replication.
Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase Pus10 family.
Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 23 family.
Catalyzes the addition of fucose in alpha 1-6 linkage to the first GlcNAc residue, next to the peptide chains in N-glycans.
Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner (By similarity).
Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family.
Belongs to the transaldolase family. Type 1 subfamily.
Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the non-oxidative phase in the pentose phosphate pathway. Catalyzes the reversible conversion of sedheptulose-7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into erythrose-4-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate.
Belongs to the complex I NDUFB3 subunit family.
Aminocarboxypropyltransferase that catalyzes the aminocarboxypropyl transfer on pseudouridine in 18S rRNA. It constitutes the last step in biosynthesis of the hypermodified N1-methyl-N3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) pseudouridine (m1acp3-Psi).
Belongs to the TDD superfamily. TSR3 family.
Multiubiquitin chain receptor involved in modulation of proteasomal degradation. Involved in nucleotide excision repair.
Transcription elongation factor that enhances transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII).
Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-2 family.
Acts as an adapter for the XPO1/CRM1-mediated export of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
Required for proper homologous chromosome pairing and efficient cross-over and intragenic recombination during meiosis.
Belongs to the tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase family.
Heme-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the L-tryptophan (L-Trp) pyrrole ring and converts L-tryptophan to N-formyl-L-kynurenine. Catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the indole moiety.
Stimulated by low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (5 uM), ascorbate (0.1-0.3 mM), and sodium hydrosulfite (0.1 mM). Inhibited by high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.1 mM), ascorbate (10 mM), and sodium hydrosulfite (1 mM).
Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin D subfamily.
Stabilizes the cyclin H-CDK7 complex to form a functional CDK-activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex.
ATP-dependent DNA helicase implicated in DNA repair and the maintenance of genomic stability. Acts as an anti-recombinase to counteract toxic recombination and limit crossover during meiosis. Regulates meiotic recombination and crossover homeostasis by physically dissociating strand invasion events and thereby promotes noncrossover repair by meiotic synthesis dependent strand annealing (SDSA) as well as disassembly of D loop recombination intermediates.
Belongs to the helicase family. RAD3/XPD subfamily.
Belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.
Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose.
Necessary for the splicing of pre-mRNA. Has a role in the recognition of the branch site (5'-UACUAAC-3'), the pyrimidine tract and the 3'-splice site at the 3'-end of introns.
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 16 family.
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.
Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily.
Belongs to the PIH1 family. Kintoun subfamily.
Required for cytoplasmic pre-assembly of axonemal dyneins, thereby playing a central role in motility in cilia and flagella. Involved in pre-assembly of dynein arm complexes in the cytoplasm before intraflagellar transport loads them for the ciliary compartment.
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. SPB1 subfamily.
Probable methyltransferase involved in the maturation of rRNA and in the biogenesis of ribosomal subunits.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL29 family.
Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIC subfamily.
May be involved in calcium-mediated signal transduction.
Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN).
Component of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex.
Component of the peroxisomal translocation machinery.
Belongs to the PNP/MTAP phosphorylase family.
The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and pentose-1-phosphate.
Directs RNA polymerase II nuclear import.
Mediates GPI anchoring in the endoplasmic reticulum, by replacing a protein's C-terminal GPI attachment signal peptide with a pre-assembled GPI. During this transamidation reaction, the GPI transamidase forms a carbonyl intermediate with the substrate protein.
Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx5 subfamily.
Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events.
Belongs to the RNA cytidine acetyltransferase family. NAT10 subfamily.
RNA cytidine acetyltransferase with specificity toward both 18S rRNA and tRNAs. Catalyzes the formation of N(4)-acetylcytidine (ac4C) in 18S rRNA. Required for early nucleolar cleavages of precursor rRNA at sites A0, A1 and A2 during 18S rRNA synthesis. Catalyzes the formation of ac4C in serine and leucine tRNAs. Requires a tRNA-binding adapter protein for full tRNA acetyltransferase activity but not for 18S rRNA acetylation.
Necessary for protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS12 family.
Belongs to the GatB/GatE family. GatB subfamily.
Involved in calcium binding and microtubule stabilization.