SWEET Ontology
type: Ontology
version info: 2.3
imports: matrWater.owl
imports: phen.owl
imports: stateRoleImpact.owl
imports: rela.owl
imports: relaSpace.owl
imports: relaChemical.owl
imports: relaSci.owl
imports: phenAtmoPressure.owl
imports: realmHydroBody.owl
imports: realmOceanFeature.owl
imports: reprSpaceGeometry.owl
imports: phenFluidTransport.owl
imports: phenAtmoCloud.owl
imports: phenAtmo.owl

CloudBurst
type: Class
subclass of: HeavyRainfall
comment: In popular terminology, any sudden and heavy fall of rain, almost always of the shower type.

Drizzle
type: Class
subclass of: Rainfall
comment: Very small, numerous, and uniformly distributed water drops that may appear to float while following air currents.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasImpact
  has value: Light

Ecnephias
type: Class
subclass of: Thunderstorm
comment: A squall or thunderstorm in the Mediterranean.

FreezingRain
type: Class
subclass of: AtmosphericPrecipitation
comment: Rain that falls in liquid form but freezes upon impact to form a coating of glaze upon the ground and on exposed objects.

Gosling blast
type: Class
subclass of: AtmosphericPrecipitation
comment: A sudden squall of rain or sleet in England.

GowkStorm
type: Class
subclass of: Storm
comment: Any disturbed state of the atmosphere, especially as affecting the earth's surface, implying inclement and possibly destructive weather.

GreenThunderstorm
type: Class
subclass of: Thunderstorm
comment: Any thunderstorm that is perceived by observers to be green. The perceptually dominant wavelength of light from green thunderstorms ranges from blue- green to yellow-green. The purity of the color is generally low and the topical mechanism that causes the green appearance is not understood. Although green clouds often occur in conjunction with severe weather, there is no evidence to support anecdotal attributions of the cause of this green to specific characteristics of severe storms, such as hail or tornadoes.

HeavyRainfall
type: Class
subclass of: Rainfall
comment: Rain with a rate of accumulation exceeding a specific value that is geographically dependent.

Kaavie
type: Class
subclass of: HeavySnowfall
comment: In Scotland, a heavy fall of snow.

Kelsher
type: Class
subclass of: HeavyRainfall
comment: In England, a heavy fall of rain.

LakeEffect
type: Class
subclass of: MeteorologicalPhenomena
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: originatesFrom
  all values from: Lake
comment: Generally, the effect of any lake in modifying the weather about its shore and for some distance downwind. This term is applied specifically to the region about the Great Lakes or the Great Salt Lake. More specifically, lake effect often refers to the generation of sometimes spectacular snowfall amounts to the lee of the Great Lakes as cold air passes over the lake surface, extracting heat and moisture, resulting in cloud formation and snowfall downwind of the lake shore.

LakeEffectSnow
type: Class
subclass of: LakeEffect
subclass of: Snowfall
equivalent class: LakeEffectSnowstorm
comment: Localized, convective snow bands that occur in the lee of lakes when relatively cold airflows over warm water. In the US this phenomenon is most noted along the south and east shores of the Great Lakes during arctic cold-air outbreaks. Snowstorm occurring near or downwind from the shore of a lake resulting from the warming (destabilization) and moistening of relatively cold air during passage over a warm body of water.

LambingStorm
type: Class
subclass of: Snowfall
comment: (Also called lamb-blasts, lamb-showers, lamb storm.) A slight fall of snow in the spring in England.

HailStorm
type: Class
subclass of: Storm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasPhenomena
  all values from: Hail
comment: Any storm that produces hailstones that fall to the ground; usually used when the amount or size of the hail is considered significant.

Hail
type: Class
subclass of: AtmosphericPrecipitation
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Ice
  on property: hasSubstance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasImpact
  has value: Heavy
comment: Precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, always produced by convective clouds, nearly always cumulonimbus. An individual unit of hail is called a hailstone. By convention, hail has a diameter of 5 mm or more, while smaller particles of similar origin, formerly called small hail, may be classed as either ice pellets or snow pellets. Thunderstorms that are characterized by strong updrafts, large liquid water contents, large cloud-drop sizes, and great vertical height are favorable to hail formation. The destructive effects of hailstorms upon plant and animal life, buildings and property, and aircraft in flight render them a prime object of weather modification studies. In aviation weather observations, hail is encoded A.

HeatThunderstorm
type: Class
subclass of: Thunderstorm
comment: In popular terminology, a thunderstorm of the air mass type that develops near the end of a hot, humid summer day; this term has no precise technical meaning.

HighLevelThunderstorm
type: Class
subclass of: Thunderstorm
comment: Generally, a thunderstorm based at a comparatively high altitude in the atmosphere, roughly 2400 m or higher. These storms form most strikingly over arid regions, and frequently their precipitation is evaporated before reaching the earth's surface.

IceStorm
type: Class
subclass of: Storm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSubstance
  all values from: Ice
comment: A storm characterized by a fall of freezing liquid precipitation. The attendant formation of glaze on terrestrial objects creates many hazards.

LocalStorm
type: Class
subclass of: Storm
comment: A storm of mesometeorological scale; thus, thunderstorms, squalls, and tornadoes are often put in this category.

MesocycloneSignature
type: Class
subclass of: MeteorologicalPhenomena
comment: The Doppler velocity pattern of a mesocyclone within a severe thunderstorm. In a storm-relative reference frame, the idealized signature is symmetric about the radar viewing direction with marked azimuthal shear across the core region between peak Doppler velocity values of opposite sign. Typical signatures consist of Doppler velocity differences of 25? 75 m s-1 across core diameters of 2?8 km, with resulting azimuthal shear values of 5 ? 10-3 s-1 to 2 ? 10-2 s-1.

MulticellConvectiveStorm
type: Class
subclass of: SplittingConvectiveStorm
comment: A convective storm system usually composed of a cluster of ordinary convective cells at various stages of their life cycle. New cells within the convective system are generated primarily by either low-level convergence along a preexisting boundary, or by lifting at the leading edge of the system-scale cold pool that was produced by the previous cells. A multicell storm may have a lifetime of several hours, and may also have supercells incorporated as a part of the system as well. See also cell, ordinary cell, supercell, thunderstorm.

NortheastStorm
type: Class
subclass of: Storm
comment: A cyclonic storm off the east coast of North America, so called because the winds over the coastal area are from the northeast.

PopUpThunderstorm
type: Class
subclass of: Thunderstorm
comment: An airmass thunderstorm that forms rapidly in an otherwise rain-free environment. This most often occurs on warm, humid days, in unstable meteorological conditions.

PrefrontalSquallLine
type: Class
subclass of: SquallLine
comment: A squall line less than about 100 km ahead of a cold front, in the warm sector, having an orientation more or less parallel to the cold front.

Rainband
type: Class
subclass of: Rainfall
comment: The complete cloud and precipitation structure associated with an area of rainfall sufficiently elongated that an orientation can be assigned.

SplittingConvectiveStorm
type: Class
subclass of: Storm
comment: The process by which a single convective cell splits into two supercells, one dominated by cyclonic rotation and the other by anticyclonic rotation, their paths then deviating substantially from each other and other nearby convective cells.

SquallLine
type: Class
subclass of: Thunderstorm
comment: A line of active thunderstorms, either continuous or with breaks, including contiguous precipitation areas resulting from the existence of the thunderstorms.

FamilyOfTornadoes
type: Class
subclass of: Cluster
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Tornado
  on property: clusterOf
comment: A sequence of long-lived tornadoes produced by a cyclic supercell storm. Tornadoes touch down at quasi-regular intervals (typically 45 min). Usually a new tornado develops in a new mesocyclone just after an old tornado has decayed in an old, occluded neighboring mesocyclone. Sometimes, two successive tornadoes may overlap in time for a few minutes. The two mesocyclones may rotate partially around each other. If the damage tracks of the tornadoes appear to form a wavy broken line, the family is classified as a series mode. In the more common parallel-mode family, the damage tracks are parallel arcs with each new tornado forming on the right side of its predecessor. The parallel mode is subcategorized into left turn and right turn, according to the direction in which the paths curve.

HurricaneBand
type: Class
subclass of: Hurricane
comment: A hurricane radar band of circular or spiral shape associated with a tropical cyclone (hurricane or typhoon). Made evident by radar observations, hurricane bands typically curve cyclonically inward toward the center of the storm. The bands may be classified as primary if they merge into the eyewall encircling the eye of the storm, or secondary if they are disconnected from the eyewall. Hurricane bands generally move slowly around the center of the storm in the direction of the hurricane circulation. See banded structure.

LandLash
type: Class
subclass of: Rainfall
comment: In England, a heavy fall of rain, accompanied by a high wind.

Landspout
type: Class
subclass of: Tornado
comment: (Rare.) A tornado. 2. Colloquial expression describing tornadoes occurring with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer.

NonSupercellTornado
type: Class
subclass of: Tornado
comment: A tornado that occurs with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer. The parent cloud does not contain a preexisting midlevel mesocyclone. Landspouts and gustnadoes are examples of the nonsupercell tornado.

WaterSpout
type: Class
subclass of: Tornado
comment: 1. In general, any tornado over a body of water. 2. In its most common form, a nonsupercell tornado over water.