https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000039
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.
definition: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000096
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES
definition: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000107
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An ANGIOTENSIN II analog which acts as a highly specific inhibitor of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.
definition: An ANGIOTENSIN II analog which acts as a highly specific inhibitor of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000139
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.
definition: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000172
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 11 beta,18,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione.
definition: 11 beta,18,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000173
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An analog of desoxycorticosterone which is substituted by a hydroxyl group at the C-18 position.
definition: An analog of desoxycorticosterone which is substituted by a hydroxyl group at the C-18 position.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000254
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.
definition: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000263
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).
definition: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000275
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system.
definition: 2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000289
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Simple amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. It is also used in chemical industry.
definition: Simple amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. It is also used in chemical industry.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000294
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sulfhydryl compound that is used to reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis associated with certain chemotherapeutic agents. Mesna is converted to a free thiol compound in the kidney, where it binds to and inactivates acrolein and other urotoxic metabolites of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide, thereby reducing their toxic effects on the urinary tract during urinary excretion. (NCI04)
definition: A sulfhydryl compound that is used to reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis associated with certain chemotherapeutic agents. Mesna is converted to a free thiol compound in the kidney, where it binds to and inactivates acrolein and other urotoxic metabolites of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide, thereby reducing their toxic effects on the urinary tract during urinary excretion. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000378
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.
definition: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000392
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Since neuronal uptake and neuronal receptor sensitivity to beta-alanine have been demonstrated, the compound may be a false transmitter replacing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported.
definition: An amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Since neuronal uptake and neuronal receptor sensitivity to beta-alanine have been demonstrated, the compound may be a false transmitter replacing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000399
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic analogue of nucleoside uridine lacking a ring nitrogen in the 3-position. 3-deazauridine inhibits cytidine synthase, thereby reducing intracellular levels of cytidine and deoxycytidine and disrupting DNA and RNA synthesis. This agent may trigger apoptosis and enhance differentiation of neoplastic cells.(NCI04)
definition: A synthetic analogue of nucleoside uridine lacking a ring nitrogen in the 3-position. 3-deazauridine inhibits cytidine synthase, thereby reducing intracellular levels of cytidine and deoxycytidine and disrupting DNA and RNA synthesis. This agent may trigger apoptosis and enhance differentiation of neoplastic cells.(NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000402
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antilipemic agent which lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids. It acts by interfering with the enzymatic steps involved in the conversion of acetate to hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A as well as inhibiting the activity of HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES which is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.
definition: An antilipemic agent which lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids. It acts by interfering with the enzymatic steps involved in the conversion of acetate to hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A as well as inhibiting the activity of HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES which is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000424
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.
definition: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000473
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.
definition: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000477
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS with secondary effect on calcium currents which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.
definition: One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS with secondary effect on calcium currents which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000481
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.
definition: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000503
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: hydroxy derivative of butyric acid substituted at the gamma, or 4 position; intermediate in the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
definition: hydroxy derivative of butyric acid substituted at the gamma, or 4 position; intermediate in the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000506
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Substances found in many plants, containing the 4-hydroxycoumarin radical. They interfere with vitamin K and the blood clotting mechanism, are tightly protein-bound, inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes, and are used as oral anticoagulants.
definition: Substances found in many plants, containing the 4-hydroxycoumarin radical. They interfere with vitamin K and the blood clotting mechanism, are tightly protein-bound, inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes, and are used as oral anticoagulants.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000543
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research.
definition: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000544
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.
definition: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000545
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acid with a 20-carbon backbone and 5 double bonds, originating from the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th positions from the methyl end.
definition: A polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acid with a 20-carbon backbone and 5 double bonds, originating from the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th positions from the methyl end.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000546
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).
definition: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000578
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An aromatic amino acid with antidepressant activity. In vivo, oxitriptan (or 5-hydroxytryptophan) is converted into 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) as well as other neurotransmitters. Oxitriptan may exert its antidepressant activity via conversion to serotonin or directly by binding to serotonin (5-HT) receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). Endogenous oxitriptan is produced from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. The exogenous therapeutic form is isolated from the seeds of the African plant Griffonia simplicifolia.
definition: An aromatic amino acid with antidepressant activity. In vivo, oxitriptan (or 5-hydroxytryptophan) is converted into 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) as well as other neurotransmitters. Oxitriptan may exert its antidepressant activity via conversion to serotonin or directly by binding to serotonin (5-HT) receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). Endogenous oxitriptan is produced from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. The exogenous therapeutic form is isolated from the seeds of the African plant Griffonia simplicifolia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000589
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.
definition: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000598
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The hydrochloride salt form of ticlopidine, a thienopyridine derivative with anticoagulant property. Ticlopidine hydrochloride irreversibly inhibits adenosine-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet-fibrinogen binding by binding to the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIA complex, one of the two purinergic receptors activated by ADP. Inhibition of the receptor activation causes the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, results in decreased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and thereby interferes with platelet membrane function and subsequent, platelet-platelet interaction, release of platelet granule constituents and prolongation of bleeding time.
definition: The hydrochloride salt form of ticlopidine, a thienopyridine derivative with anticoagulant property. Ticlopidine hydrochloride irreversibly inhibits adenosine-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet-fibrinogen binding by binding to the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIA complex, one of the two purinergic receptors activated by ADP. Inhibition of the receptor activation causes the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, results in decreased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and thereby interferes with platelet membrane function and subsequent, platelet-platelet interaction, release of platelet granule constituents and prolongation of bleeding time.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000608
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic lysine derivative with antifibrinolytic activity. Aminocaproic acid competitively inhibits activation of plasminogen, thereby reducing conversion of plasminogen to plasmin (fibrinolysin), an enzyme that degrades fibrin clots as well as fibrinogen and other plasma proteins including the procoagulant factors V and VIII. Aminocaproic acid competitively reduces the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by plasminogen activators. It directly inhibits proteolytic activity of plasmin, but higher doses are required than are needed to reduce plasmin formation. Aminocaproic acid is used in the treatment of hemorrhage and prophylactically against hemorrhage, including hyperfibrinolysis-induced hemorrhage and postsurgical hemorrhage.
definition: A synthetic lysine derivative with antifibrinolytic activity. Aminocaproic acid competitively inhibits activation of plasminogen, thereby reducing conversion of plasminogen to plasmin (fibrinolysin), an enzyme that degrades fibrin clots as well as fibrinogen and other plasma proteins including the procoagulant factors V and VIII. Aminocaproic acid competitively reduces the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by plasminogen activators. It directly inhibits proteolytic activity of plasmin, but higher doses are required than are needed to reduce plasmin formation. Aminocaproic acid is used in the treatment of hemorrhage and prophylactically against hemorrhage, including hyperfibrinolysis-induced hemorrhage and postsurgical hemorrhage.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000610
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic analogue and nicotinamide antagonist with cytotoxic properties, 6-Aminonicotinamide forms an abnormal NAD (ubiquitous metabolic pathway coenzyme) analog that inhibits NAD-dependent enzyme activity associated with ATP production. 6-Aminonicotinamide impairs cartilage formation, may have teratogenic effects, and enhances the effect of radiation and cisplatin treatment (formation of platinum-DNA complexes). (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic analogue and nicotinamide antagonist with cytotoxic properties, 6-Aminonicotinamide forms an abnormal NAD (ubiquitous metabolic pathway coenzyme) analog that inhibits NAD-dependent enzyme activity associated with ATP production. 6-Aminonicotinamide impairs cartilage formation, may have teratogenic effects, and enhances the effect of radiation and cisplatin treatment (formation of platinum-DNA complexes). (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000618
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A thiopurine-derivative antimetabolite with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities. Produced through the metabolism of mercaptopurine by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), mercaptopurine metabolites 6-thioguanosine-5'-phosphate (6-thioGMP) and 6-thioinosine monophosphate (T-IMP) inhibit nucleotide interconversions and de novo purine synthesis, thereby blocking the formation of purine nucleotides and inhibiting DNA synthesis. This agent is also incorporated into DNA in the form of deoxythioguanosine, which results in the disruption of DNA replication. In addition, mercaptopurine is converted to 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (MMPR) by 6-thiopurine methyltransferase; MMPRs are also potent inhibitors of de novo purine synthesis. (NCI04)
definition: A thiopurine-derivative antimetabolite with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities. Produced through the metabolism of mercaptopurine by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), mercaptopurine metabolites 6-thioguanosine-5'-phosphate (6-thioGMP) and 6-thioinosine monophosphate (T-IMP) inhibit nucleotide interconversions and de novo purine synthesis, thereby blocking the formation of purine nucleotides and inhibiting DNA synthesis. This agent is also incorporated into DNA in the form of deoxythioguanosine, which results in the disruption of DNA replication. In addition, mercaptopurine is converted to 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (MMPR) by 6-thiopurine methyltransferase; MMPRs are also potent inhibitors of de novo purine synthesis. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000661
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.
definition: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000665
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.
definition: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000727
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.
definition: A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000729
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An involuntary muscular contraction involving a muscle of the abdomen or of a hollow organ within the abdomen.
definition: An involuntary muscular contraction involving a muscle of the abdomen or of a hollow organ within the abdomen.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000731
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Distention of the abdomen.
definition: Distention of the abdomen.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000734
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormal enlargement or swelling in the abdomen.
definition: An abnormal enlargement or swelling in the abdomen.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000735
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.
definition: New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000737
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen.
definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000744
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Abetalipoproteinemia typically presents in infancy with failure to thrive, diarrhea, vomiting, and malabsorption of fat. Hematologic manifestations may include acanthocytosis (irregularly spiculated erythrocytes), anemia, reticulocytosis, and hemolysis with resultant hyperbilirubinemia. Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) can result in an increased international normalized ratio (INR). Untreated individuals may develop atypical pigmentation of the retina that may present with progressive loss of night vision and/or color vision in adulthood. Neuromuscular findings in untreated individuals including progressive loss of deep tendon reflexes, vibratory sense, and proprioception; muscle weakness; dysarthria; and ataxia typically manifest in the first or second decades of life.
definition: Abetalipoproteinemia typically presents in infancy with failure to thrive, diarrhea, vomiting, and malabsorption of fat. Hematologic manifestations may include acanthocytosis (irregularly spiculated erythrocytes), anemia, reticulocytosis, and hemolysis with resultant hyperbilirubinemia. Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) can result in an increased international normalized ratio (INR). Untreated individuals may develop atypical pigmentation of the retina that may present with progressive loss of night vision and/or color vision in adulthood. Neuromuscular findings in untreated individuals including progressive loss of deep tendon reflexes, vibratory sense, and proprioception; muscle weakness; dysarthria; and ataxia typically manifest in the first or second decades of life.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000768
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any abnormality, anatomical or biochemical, evident at birth or during the neonatal period.
definition: Any abnormality, anatomical or biochemical, evident at birth or during the neonatal period.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000771
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.
definition: Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000772
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.
definition: Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000782
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Chemical substances that interrupt pregnancy after implantation.
definition: Chemical substances that interrupt pregnancy after implantation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000783
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity.
definition: Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000784
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Steroidal compounds with abortifacient activity.
definition: Steroidal compounds with abortifacient activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000786
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A pregnancy that ends at a stage in which the fetus is incapable of surviving on its own, defined as the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy.
definition: A pregnancy that ends at a stage in which the fetus is incapable of surviving on its own, defined as the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000804
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Illegal termination of pregnancy.
definition: Illegal termination of pregnancy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000809
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.
definition: Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000810
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Premature loss of PREGNANCY in which not all the products of CONCEPTION have been expelled.
definition: Premature loss of PREGNANCY in which not all the products of CONCEPTION have been expelled.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000814
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Retention in uterus of an abortus.
definition: Retention in uterus of an abortus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000817
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and its appendages. It is characterized by FEVER, uterine tenderness, and foul discharge.
definition: Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and its appendages. It is characterized by FEVER, uterine tenderness, and foul discharge.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000821
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.
definition: UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000823
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.
definition: Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000832
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Placental separation from the uterus with bleeding (concealed or vaginal) before fetal birth, with or without maternal/fetal compromise. (reVITALize)
definition: Placental separation from the uterus with bleeding (concealed or vaginal) before fetal birth, with or without maternal/fetal compromise. (reVITALize)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000833
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.
definition: Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000846
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital abnormality resulting in the absence of an anatomical structure.
definition: A congenital abnormality resulting in the absence of an anatomical structure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000880
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection of the cornea by an ameboid protozoan which may cause corneal ulceration leading to blindness.
definition: Infection of the cornea by an ameboid protozoan which may cause corneal ulceration leading to blindness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000887
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Atrophy of the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis due to disruption of the intercellular attachments between keratinocytes.
definition: Atrophy of the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis due to disruption of the intercellular attachments between keratinocytes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000889
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.
definition: A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000946
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.
definition: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000949
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has antimicrobial and antimalarial action, but is mainly used as a depot leprostatic agent.
definition: Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has antimicrobial and antimalarial action, but is mainly used as a depot leprostatic agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000956
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative with anticoagulant activity. As a vitamin K antagonist, acenocoumarol inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, thereby inhibiting the reduction of vitamin K and the availability of vitamin KH2. This prevents gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues near the N-terminals of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, including factor II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S. This prevents their activity and thus thrombin formation. Compared to other coumarin derivatives, acenocoumarol has a short half-life.
definition: A 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative with anticoagulant activity. As a vitamin K antagonist, acenocoumarol inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, thereby inhibiting the reduction of vitamin K and the availability of vitamin KH2. This prevents gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues near the N-terminals of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, including factor II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S. This prevents their activity and thus thrombin formation. Compared to other coumarin derivatives, acenocoumarol has a short half-life.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000959
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A phenothiazine derivative with depressant effect on the central nervous system. Acepromazine acts as a dopamine receptor antagonist in the CNS, thereby causing sedation, muscular relaxation and a reduction in spontaneous activity. Its fast-acting neuroleptic effect with low toxicity is of particular value in veterinary medicine.
definition: A phenothiazine derivative with depressant effect on the central nervous system. Acepromazine acts as a dopamine receptor antagonist in the CNS, thereby causing sedation, muscular relaxation and a reduction in spontaneous activity. Its fast-acting neuroleptic effect with low toxicity is of particular value in veterinary medicine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000960
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The maleate salt of acepromazine, a phenothiazine derivative with depressant effect on the central nervous system. Acepromazine acts as a dopamine receptor antagonist in the CNS, thereby causing sedation, muscular relaxation and a reduction in spontaneous activity. Its fast-acting neuroleptic effect with low toxicity is of particular value in veterinary medicine.
definition: The maleate salt of acepromazine, a phenothiazine derivative with depressant effect on the central nervous system. Acepromazine acts as a dopamine receptor antagonist in the CNS, thereby causing sedation, muscular relaxation and a reduction in spontaneous activity. Its fast-acting neuroleptic effect with low toxicity is of particular value in veterinary medicine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000970
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A p-aminophenol derivative with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Although the exact mechanism through which acetaminophen exert its effects has yet to be fully determined, acetaminophen may inhibit the nitric oxide (NO) pathway mediated by a variety of neurotransmitter receptors including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and substance P, resulting in elevation of the pain threshold. The antipyretic activity may result from inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and release in the central nervous system (CNS) and prostaglandin-mediated effects on the heat-regulating center in the anterior hypothalamus.
definition: A p-aminophenol derivative with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Although the exact mechanism through which acetaminophen exert its effects has yet to be fully determined, acetaminophen may inhibit the nitric oxide (NO) pathway mediated by a variety of neurotransmitter receptors including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and substance P, resulting in elevation of the pain threshold. The antipyretic activity may result from inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and release in the central nervous system (CNS) and prostaglandin-mediated effects on the heat-regulating center in the anterior hypothalamus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000975
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Salt or ester form of acetic acid. Acetate is the most common building block for biosynthesis, such as fatty acids.
definition: Salt or ester form of acetic acid. Acetate is the most common building block for biosynthesis, such as fatty acids.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000979
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.
definition: Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000981
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sulfonamide derivative with diuretic, antiglaucoma, and anticonvulsant properties. Acetazolamide is a non-competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme found in cells in the proximal tube of the kidney, the eye, and glial cells. Inhibition of this enzyme in the kidney prevents excretion of hydrogen, leading to increased bicarbonate and cation excretion and increased urinary volume, which results in an alkaline diuresis. Acetazolamide reduces the concentration of bicarbonate, resulting in a decreased synthesis of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. Although its mechanism of action is unknown, acetazolamide has anti-convulsant properties resulting from indirect effects secondary to metabolic acidosis or direct effects on neuronal transmission. Acetazolamide also produces respiratory stimulant effects in response to changes to both carbon dioxide and oxygen tension levels within the lungs.
definition: A sulfonamide derivative with diuretic, antiglaucoma, and anticonvulsant properties. Acetazolamide is a non-competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme found in cells in the proximal tube of the kidney, the eye, and glial cells. Inhibition of this enzyme in the kidney prevents excretion of hydrogen, leading to increased bicarbonate and cation excretion and increased urinary volume, which results in an alkaline diuresis. Acetazolamide reduces the concentration of bicarbonate, resulting in a decreased synthesis of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. Although its mechanism of action is unknown, acetazolamide has anti-convulsant properties resulting from indirect effects secondary to metabolic acidosis or direct effects on neuronal transmission. Acetazolamide also produces respiratory stimulant effects in response to changes to both carbon dioxide and oxygen tension levels within the lungs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0000992
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.
definition: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001002
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. It is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis.
definition: A colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. It is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001038
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Acetylation involves the covalent linkage of an acetyl group into an organic molecule.
definition: Acetylation involves the covalent linkage of an acetyl group into an organic molecule.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001040
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.
definition: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001041
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
definition: A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001046
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any substance that inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AchE), an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine (Ach) in the synaptic cleft. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase results in an increase in the level and duration of action of acetylcholine.
definition: Any substance that inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AchE), an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine (Ach) in the synaptic cleft. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase results in an increase in the level and duration of action of acetylcholine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001047
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic N-acetyl derivative of the endogenous amino acid L-cysteine, a precursor of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione. Acetylcysteine regenerates liver stores of glutathione. This agent also reduces disulfide bonds in mucoproteins, resulting in liquification of mucus. Some evidence suggests that acetylcysteine may exert an anti-apoptotic effect due to its antioxidant activity, possibly preventing cancer cell development or growth. In addition, acetylcysteine has inhibited viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates, thereby producing antiviral activity in HIV patients. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic N-acetyl derivative of the endogenous amino acid L-cysteine, a precursor of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione. Acetylcysteine regenerates liver stores of glutathione. This agent also reduces disulfide bonds in mucoproteins, resulting in liquification of mucus. Some evidence suggests that acetylcysteine may exert an anti-apoptotic effect due to its antioxidant activity, possibly preventing cancer cell development or growth. In addition, acetylcysteine has inhibited viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates, thereby producing antiviral activity in HIV patients. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001049
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Cardioactive derivatives of lanatoside A or of DIGITOXIN. They are used for fast digitalization in congestive heart failure.
definition: Cardioactive derivatives of lanatoside A or of DIGITOXIN. They are used for fast digitalization in congestive heart failure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001050
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Alpha- or beta-acetyl derivatives of DIGOXIN or lanatoside C from Digitalis lanata. They are better absorbed and longer acting than digoxin and are used in congestive heart failure.
definition: Alpha- or beta-acetyl derivatives of DIGOXIN or lanatoside C from Digitalis lanata. They are better absorbed and longer acting than digoxin and are used in congestive heart failure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001056
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.
definition: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001060
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A naturally occurring component of bacterial cell walls that has the capacity to activate macrophages.
definition: A naturally occurring component of bacterial cell walls that has the capacity to activate macrophages.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001061
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.
definition: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001066
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.
definition: An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001075
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.
definition: A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001079
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare group of disorders characterized by defective development of bones and cartilage.
definition: A rare group of disorders characterized by defective development of bones and cartilage.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001080
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Achondroplasia is the most common cause of disproportionate short stature. Affected individuals have rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, macrocephaly, and characteristic facial features with frontal bossing and midface retrusion. In infancy, hypotonia is typical, and acquisition of developmental motor milestones is often both aberrant in pattern and delayed. Intelligence and life span are usually near normal, although craniocervical junction compression increases the risk of death in infancy. Additional complications include obstructive sleep apnea, middle ear dysfunction, kyphosis, and spinal stenosis.
definition: Achondroplasia is the most common cause of disproportionate short stature. Affected individuals have rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, macrocephaly, and characteristic facial features with frontal bossing and midface retrusion. In infancy, hypotonia is typical, and acquisition of developmental motor milestones is often both aberrant in pattern and delayed. Intelligence and life span are usually near normal, although craniocervical junction compression increases the risk of death in infancy. Additional complications include obstructive sleep apnea, middle ear dysfunction, kyphosis, and spinal stenosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001118
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormality of the balance or maintenance of the balance of acids and bases in bodily fluids, resulting in an abnormal pH.
definition: An abnormality of the balance or maintenance of the balance of acids and bases in bodily fluids, resulting in an abnormal pH.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001122
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.
definition: A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001125
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.
definition: Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001126
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.
definition: A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001127
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition in which the blood pH is less than normal, secondary to impaired gas exchange.
definition: A condition in which the blood pH is less than normal, secondary to impaired gas exchange.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001134
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A sodium fluoride solution, paste or powder, which has been acidulated to pH 3 to 4 and buffered with a phosphate. It is used in the prevention of dental caries.
definition: A sodium fluoride solution, paste or powder, which has been acidulated to pH 3 to 4 and buffered with a phosphate. It is used in the prevention of dental caries.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001139
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001144
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.
definition: A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001145
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chronic eruption of fibrous papules that develop and fuse to form a thick sclerotic, hypertrophic band at a site of deep folliculitis, usually along the posterior hairline of the scalp. It is most commonly seen in men of African descent.
definition: A chronic eruption of fibrous papules that develop and fuse to form a thick sclerotic, hypertrophic band at a site of deep folliculitis, usually along the posterior hairline of the scalp. It is most commonly seen in men of African descent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001157
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Dried root of Aconitum napellus.
definition: Dried root of Aconitum napellus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001159
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM plants. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has antiinflammatory and antineuralgic properties.
definition: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM plants. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has antiinflammatory and antineuralgic properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001163
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the acoustic nerve.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the acoustic nerve.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001169
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Deficiency of a coagulation factor that is not caused by genetic alterations. Causes include vitamin K deficiency, amyloidosis, and severe liver disease.
definition: Deficiency of a coagulation factor that is not caused by genetic alterations. Causes include vitamin K deficiency, amyloidosis, and severe liver disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001175
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A syndrome resulting from the acquired deficiency of cellular immunity caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is characterized by the reduction of the Helper T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the lymph nodes. Symptoms include generalized lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, and chronic diarrhea. Patients with AIDS are especially susceptible to opportunistic infections (usually pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, tuberculosis, candida infections, and cryptococcosis), and the development of malignant neoplasms (usually non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma). The human immunodeficiency virus is transmitted through sexual contact, sharing of contaminated needles, or transfusion of contaminated blood.
definition: A syndrome resulting from the acquired deficiency of cellular immunity caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is characterized by the reduction of the Helper T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the lymph nodes. Symptoms include generalized lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, and chronic diarrhea. Patients with AIDS are especially susceptible to opportunistic infections (usually pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, tuberculosis, candida infections, and cryptococcosis), and the development of malignant neoplasms (usually non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma). The human immunodeficiency virus is transmitted through sexual contact, sharing of contaminated needles, or transfusion of contaminated blood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001187
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.
definition: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001193
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: The eight disorders comprising the FGFR-related craniosynostosis spectrum are Pfeiffer syndrome, Apert syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Beare-Stevenson syndrome, FGFR2-related isolated coronal synostosis, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans (AN), and Muenke syndrome (isolated coronal synostosis caused by the p.Pro250Arg pathogenic variant in FGFR3). Muenke syndrome and FGFR2-related isolated coronal synostosis are characterized only by uni- or bicoronal craniosynostosis; the remainder are characterized by bicoronal craniosynostosis or cloverleaf skull, distinctive facial features, and variable hand and foot findings.
definition: The eight disorders comprising the FGFR-related craniosynostosis spectrum are Pfeiffer syndrome, Apert syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Beare-Stevenson syndrome, FGFR2-related isolated coronal synostosis, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans (AN), and Muenke syndrome (isolated coronal synostosis caused by the p.Pro250Arg pathogenic variant in FGFR3). Muenke syndrome and FGFR2-related isolated coronal synostosis are characterized only by uni- or bicoronal craniosynostosis; the remainder are characterized by bicoronal craniosynostosis or cloverleaf skull, distinctive facial features, and variable hand and foot findings.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001197
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An inflammatory skin condition affecting children. It is often associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection, hepatitis B infection or cytomegalovirus infection. It is characterized by the presence of cutaneous rashes and patches on the palms and soles. The trunk is not affected.
definition: An inflammatory skin condition affecting children. It is often associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection, hepatitis B infection or cytomegalovirus infection. It is characterized by the presence of cutaneous rashes and patches on the palms and soles. The trunk is not affected.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001202
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Overgrowth of the stratum corneum characterized by flesh-coloured or slightly pigmented smooth or warty papules on the upper surface of hands and feet.
definition: Overgrowth of the stratum corneum characterized by flesh-coloured or slightly pigmented smooth or warty papules on the upper surface of hands and feet.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001206
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Acromegaly is a condition resulting from overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in persons with closed epiphyses, and consists chiefly in the enlargement of the distal parts of the body. The circumference of the skull increases, the nose becomes broad, the tongue becomes enlarged, the facial features become coarsened, the mandible grows excessively, and the teeth become separated. The fingers and toes grow chiefly in thickness.
definition: Acromegaly is a condition resulting from overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in persons with closed epiphyses, and consists chiefly in the enlargement of the distal parts of the body. The circumference of the skull increases, the nose becomes broad, the tongue becomes enlarged, the facial features become coarsened, the mandible grows excessively, and the teeth become separated. The fingers and toes grow chiefly in thickness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001210
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A natural alkaloid with an acridine structure isolated from the bark of the plant Acronychia baueri (Australian scrub ash) with antineoplastic properties. Acronycine appears to alkylate DNA and interfere with DNA replication. (NCI04)
definition: A natural alkaloid with an acridine structure isolated from the bark of the plant Acronychia baueri (Australian scrub ash) with antineoplastic properties. Acronycine appears to alkylate DNA and interfere with DNA replication. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001231
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A syndrome characterized by abnormal secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone in conjunction with neoplastic growth occurring anywhere in the body. The most common associations are tumors of the bronchus (oat cell or carcinoid), thymic tumors (epithelial or carcinoid), and pancreatic endocrine tumor. (DeVita et al. Cancer, p 1364. 4th edition. Lippincott)
definition: A syndrome characterized by abnormal secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone in conjunction with neoplastic growth occurring anywhere in the body. The most common associations are tumors of the bronchus (oat cell or carcinoid), thymic tumors (epithelial or carcinoid), and pancreatic endocrine tumor. (DeVita et al. Cancer, p 1364. 4th edition. Lippincott)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001237
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An extract from calf blood containing inorganic salts, amino acids, polypeptides and purines, but no proteins nor antigenic substances or blood group characteristics. Its exact composition is unknown. It has been proposed as a radiation-protective agent.
definition: An extract from calf blood containing inorganic salts, amino acids, polypeptides and purines, but no proteins nor antigenic substances or blood group characteristics. Its exact composition is unknown. It has been proposed as a radiation-protective agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001247
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disease characterized by suppurative and granulomatous lesions in the respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, skin, kidneys, joints, and other tissues. Actinobacillus lignieresii infects cattle and sheep while A. equuli infects horses and pigs.
definition: A disease characterized by suppurative and granulomatous lesions in the respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, skin, kidneys, joints, and other tissues. Actinobacillus lignieresii infects cattle and sheep while A. equuli infects horses and pigs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001249
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOBACILLUS.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOBACILLUS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001255
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infectious process caused by actinomycetales which is an order of Actinobacteria.
definition: An infectious process caused by actinomycetales which is an order of Actinobacteria.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001261
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infectious process caused by bacteria of the Actinomyces species. It is characterized by the formation of purulent and painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs and gastrointestinal tract.
definition: An infectious process caused by bacteria of the Actinomyces species. It is characterized by the formation of purulent and painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs and gastrointestinal tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001264
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of ACTINOMYCOSIS characterized by slow-growing inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes that drain the mouth (lumpy jaw), reddening of the overlying skin, and intraperitoneal abscesses.
definition: A form of ACTINOMYCOSIS characterized by slow-growing inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes that drain the mouth (lumpy jaw), reddening of the overlying skin, and intraperitoneal abscesses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001275
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Carbon that has been treated to create small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption.
definition: Carbon that has been treated to create small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001306
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Acute hepatitis resulting from ingestion of alcohol.
definition: Acute hepatitis resulting from ingestion of alcohol.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001309
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Atopic conjunctivitis that is of relatively short duration and that has a rapid onset.
definition: Atopic conjunctivitis that is of relatively short duration and that has a rapid onset.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001311
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Acute inflammation of the bronchioles usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.
definition: Acute inflammation of the bronchioles usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001314
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: Any disease of sudden onset AND/OR short duration
definition: Any disease of sudden onset AND/OR short duration

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001327
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute inflammatory process affecting the larynx. It is caused by bacteria, viruses, or vocal strain. Signs and symptoms include sore throat, cough, swallowing difficulties, and hoarseness.
definition: An acute inflammatory process affecting the larynx. It is caused by bacteria, viruses, or vocal strain. Signs and symptoms include sore throat, cough, swallowing difficulties, and hoarseness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001339
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A acute form of pancreatitis.
definition: A acute form of pancreatitis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001342
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.
definition: An acute inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001344
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute and painful inflammatory process that affects the pharynx. It is usually caused by viruses and less often bacteria. Signs and symptoms include discomfort on swallowing, low-grade fever, headache, and earache.
definition: An acute and painful inflammatory process that affects the pharynx. It is usually caused by viruses and less often bacteria. Signs and symptoms include discomfort on swallowing, low-grade fever, headache, and earache.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001349
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.
definition: An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001361
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute inflammation of the tonsils caused by viruses or bacteria. Signs and symptoms include fever, enlargement of the tonsils, difficulty swallowing, and enlargement of the regional lymph nodes.
definition: An acute inflammation of the tonsils caused by viruses or bacteria. Signs and symptoms include fever, enlargement of the tonsils, difficulty swallowing, and enlargement of the regional lymph nodes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001363
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Ischemia of the intestine that is rapid in onset.
definition: Ischemia of the intestine that is rapid in onset.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001364
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Extensive and rapid death of parenchymal cells in the LIVER, often due to exposure to toxic materials. It is characterized by a soft, flabby, yellow-brown wrinkled, and shrunken liver. It was called ""acute yellow atrophy"".
definition: Extensive and rapid death of parenchymal cells in the LIVER, often due to exposure to toxic materials. It is characterized by a soft, flabby, yellow-brown wrinkled, and shrunken liver. It was called ""acute yellow atrophy"".

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001367
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.
definition: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001396
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition of fainting spells caused by heart block, often an atrioventricular block, that leads to BRADYCARDIA and drop in CARDIAC OUTPUT. When the cardiac output becomes too low, the patient faints (SYNCOPE). In some cases, the syncope attacks are transient and in others cases repetitive and persistent.
definition: A condition of fainting spells caused by heart block, often an atrioventricular block, that leads to BRADYCARDIA and drop in CARDIAC OUTPUT. When the cardiac output becomes too low, the patient faints (SYNCOPE). In some cases, the syncope attacks are transient and in others cases repetitive and persistent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001403
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A long-standing and persistent diminished production of adrenocortical hormones due to a disorder originating within the adrenal glands.
definition: A long-standing and persistent diminished production of adrenocortical hormones due to a disorder originating within the adrenal glands.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001413
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: condensation product of adenosine and phosphoric acid; a nucleotide found among the hydrolysis products of all nucleic acids.
definition: condensation product of adenosine and phosphoric acid; a nucleotide found among the hydrolysis products of all nucleic acids.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001418
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A common cancer characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells. Morphologically, adenocarcinomas are classified according to the growth pattern (e.g., papillary, alveolar) or according to the secreting product (e.g., mucinous, serous). Representative examples of adenocarcinoma are ductal and lobular breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma), colon adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma.
definition: A common cancer characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells. Morphologically, adenocarcinomas are classified according to the growth pattern (e.g., papillary, alveolar) or according to the secreting product (e.g., mucinous, serous). Representative examples of adenocarcinoma are ductal and lobular breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma), colon adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001420
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A morphologic variant of adenocarcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern. Representative examples include thyroid gland papillary carcinoma, invasive papillary breast carcinoma, and ovarian serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma.
definition: A morphologic variant of adenocarcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern. Representative examples include thyroid gland papillary carcinoma, invasive papillary breast carcinoma, and ovarian serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001422
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)
definition: A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001427
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: inflammation of the adenoid tissue.
definition: inflammation of the adenoid tissue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001429
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An adenoma characterized by an oncocytic, often papillary, epithelial component, dense lymphoid stroma, and cystic spaces. It occurs primarily in the parotid gland, and is the second most common benign parotid salivary gland tumor. A strong association with smoking has been reported. It typically presents as a painless swelling in the lower portion of the parotid gland.
definition: An adenoma characterized by an oncocytic, often papillary, epithelial component, dense lymphoid stroma, and cystic spaces. It occurs primarily in the parotid gland, and is the second most common benign parotid salivary gland tumor. A strong association with smoking has been reported. It typically presents as a painless swelling in the lower portion of the parotid gland.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001430
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A neoplasm arising from the epithelium. It may be encapsulated or non-encapsulated but non-invasive. The neoplastic epithelial cells may or may not display cellular atypia or dysplasia. In the gastrointestinal tract, when dysplasia becomes severe it is sometimes called carcinoma in situ. Representative examples are pituitary gland adenoma, follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland, and adenomas (or adenomatous polyps) of the gastrointestinal tract.
definition: A neoplasm arising from the epithelium. It may be encapsulated or non-encapsulated but non-invasive. The neoplastic epithelial cells may or may not display cellular atypia or dysplasia. In the gastrointestinal tract, when dysplasia becomes severe it is sometimes called carcinoma in situ. Representative examples are pituitary gland adenoma, follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland, and adenomas (or adenomatous polyps) of the gastrointestinal tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001431
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with basic dyes.
definition: An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with basic dyes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001432
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.
definition: An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001433
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with acidic dyes.
definition: An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with acidic dyes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001442
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A low grade malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of a benign epithelial component (tubular and cleft-like glands) and a low grade sarcomatous component that contains varying amounts of fibrous and smooth muscle tissues. In a minority of cases, the sarcomatous component contains heterologous elements including striated muscle, cartilage, and fat. It occurs in the uterine corpus, ovary, fallopian tube, cervix, and vagina. It may recur and in a minority of cases may metastasize to distant anatomic sites.
definition: A low grade malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of a benign epithelial component (tubular and cleft-like glands) and a low grade sarcomatous component that contains varying amounts of fibrous and smooth muscle tissues. In a minority of cases, the sarcomatous component contains heterologous elements including striated muscle, cartilage, and fat. It occurs in the uterine corpus, ovary, fallopian tube, cervix, and vagina. It may recur and in a minority of cases may metastasize to distant anatomic sites.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001443
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.
definition: A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001455
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A second messenger molecule comprised of an adenine ribonucleotide bearing a phosphate group bound to the oxygen molecules at the 3' and 5' positions of the sugar moiety. Cyclic AMP, which is synthesized from ATP by the intracellular enzyme adenylate cyclase, modulates the activity of several hormone-dependent signal transduction pathways.
definition: A second messenger molecule comprised of an adenine ribonucleotide bearing a phosphate group bound to the oxygen molecules at the 3' and 5' positions of the sugar moiety. Cyclic AMP, which is synthesized from ATP by the intracellular enzyme adenylate cyclase, modulates the activity of several hormone-dependent signal transduction pathways.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001465
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.
definition: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001480
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An adenine nucleotide comprised of three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety, found in all living cells. Adenosine triphosphate is involved in energy production for metabolic processes and RNA synthesis. In addition, this substance acts as a neurotransmitter. In cancer studies, adenosine triphosphate is synthesized to examine its use to decrease weight loss and improve muscle strength.
definition: An adenine nucleotide comprised of three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety, found in all living cells. Adenosine triphosphate is involved in energy production for metabolic processes and RNA synthesis. In addition, this substance acts as a neurotransmitter. In cancer studies, adenosine triphosphate is synthesized to examine its use to decrease weight loss and improve muscle strength.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001486
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infectious process caused by adenovirus. The virus may cause respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and cystitis.
definition: An infectious process caused by adenovirus. The virus may cause respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and cystitis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001487
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.
definition: Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001506
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.
definition: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001511
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A fibrous band of tissue that connects normally separate body regions.
definition: A fibrous band of tissue that connects normally separate body regions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001519
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare syndrome characterized by an abnormally dilated pupil, hypoflexia, and diaphoresis. The syndrome is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. The abnormally dilated pupil is caused by damage to postganglionic parasympathetic fibers innervating the eye.
definition: A rare syndrome characterized by an abnormally dilated pupil, hypoflexia, and diaphoresis. The syndrome is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. The abnormally dilated pupil is caused by damage to postganglionic parasympathetic fibers innervating the eye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001529
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Adiposis dolorosa, also known as Dercum disease, is characterized by generalized obesity and pronounced, disabling, and chronic pain in the adipose tissue of the proximal extremities, trunk, pelvic area, and buttocks; the face and hands are usually spared. There are a number of associated symptoms, including multiple lipomas, generalized weakness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, constipation, and psychiatric abnormalities. It is 5 to 30 times more common in women than men, and usually presents between 35 and 50 years of age (summary by Campen et al., 2001; review by Hansson et al., 2012). Based on a review of the literature and studies of 111 patients, Hansson et al. (2012) proposed a classification of Dercum disease into 4 types: (I) generalized diffuse form without clear lipomas, (II) generalized nodular form with multiple lipomas, (III) localized nodular form, and (IV) juxtaarticular form with solitary fatty deposits near joints.
definition: Adiposis dolorosa, also known as Dercum disease, is characterized by generalized obesity and pronounced, disabling, and chronic pain in the adipose tissue of the proximal extremities, trunk, pelvic area, and buttocks; the face and hands are usually spared. There are a number of associated symptoms, including multiple lipomas, generalized weakness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, constipation, and psychiatric abnormalities. It is 5 to 30 times more common in women than men, and usually presents between 35 and 50 years of age (summary by Campen et al., 2001; review by Hansson et al., 2012). Based on a review of the literature and studies of 111 patients, Hansson et al. (2012) proposed a classification of Dercum disease into 4 types: (I) generalized diffuse form without clear lipomas, (II) generalized nodular form with multiple lipomas, (III) localized nodular form, and (IV) juxtaarticular form with solitary fatty deposits near joints.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001546
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop within 3 months of a stressor and do not persist for more than an additional 6 months after the stressor is no longer present.
definition: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop within 3 months of a stressor and do not persist for more than an additional 6 months after the stressor is no longer present.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001548
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Temporary maladaptive depressive signs and symptoms associated with a life event.
definition: Temporary maladaptive depressive signs and symptoms associated with a life event.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001551
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Adjuvants are mostly pharmacological agents of drug or biological origin used to modify the antigenicity of immunization components, i.e., to stimulate, potentiate, or depress the immune response or to inhibit or enhance specific subclasses of immunocytes. Adjuvants augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. Classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum) contain bacterial antigens. Some adjuvants are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. Since adjuvants enhance the body's immune response, they can be considered a type of immune modulator.
definition: Adjuvants are mostly pharmacological agents of drug or biological origin used to modify the antigenicity of immunization components, i.e., to stimulate, potentiate, or depress the immune response or to inhibit or enhance specific subclasses of immunocytes. Adjuvants augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. Classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum) contain bacterial antigens. Some adjuvants are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. Since adjuvants enhance the body's immune response, they can be considered a type of immune modulator.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001576
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT).
definition: Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001577
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the appendages of the uterus.
definition: Inflammation of the appendages of the uterus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001614
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.
definition: Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001617
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Hormones synthesized in the cortex of the adrenal gland and consist of two subclasses, glucocorticoids (carbohydrate regulation) and mineralocorticoids (electrolyte regulation).
definition: Hormones synthesized in the cortex of the adrenal gland and consist of two subclasses, glucocorticoids (carbohydrate regulation) and mineralocorticoids (electrolyte regulation).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001618
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) neoplasm affecting the adrenal cortex. (NCI05)
definition: A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) neoplasm affecting the adrenal cortex. (NCI05)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001621
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Abnormality of the adrenal glands, i.e., of the endocrine glands located at the top of the kindneys.
definition: Abnormality of the adrenal glands, i.e., of the endocrine glands located at the top of the kindneys.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001622
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Abnormally high level of cortisol in the blood.
definition: Abnormally high level of cortisol in the blood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001623
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.
definition: Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001624
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) neoplasm affecting the adrenal glands.
definition: A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) neoplasm affecting the adrenal glands.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001627
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A genetic disorder characterized by defects in the synthesis of cortisol and/or aldosterone, resulting in hyperplasia of the adrenal cortical cells.
definition: A genetic disorder characterized by defects in the synthesis of cortisol and/or aldosterone, resulting in hyperplasia of the adrenal cortical cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001630
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign, testicular or ovarian tumor, derived from adrenal embryonic rest cells. It is composed of hyperplastic adrenal cortical tissue, and it is associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
definition: A benign, testicular or ovarian tumor, derived from adrenal embryonic rest cells. It is composed of hyperplastic adrenal cortical tissue, and it is associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001636
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The hydrochloride salt of the naturally occurring sympathomimetic amine with vasoconstricting, intraocular pressure-reducing, and bronchodilating activities. By stimulating vascular alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, thereby increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure. When administered in the conjunctiva, this agent binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the iris sphincter muscle, resulting in vasoconstriction, a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, and a lowering of intraocular pressure. Through its beta1 receptor-stimulating actions, epinephrine increases the force and rate of myocardial contraction and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation.
definition: The hydrochloride salt of the naturally occurring sympathomimetic amine with vasoconstricting, intraocular pressure-reducing, and bronchodilating activities. By stimulating vascular alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, thereby increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure. When administered in the conjunctiva, this agent binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the iris sphincter muscle, resulting in vasoconstriction, a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, and a lowering of intraocular pressure. Through its beta1 receptor-stimulating actions, epinephrine increases the force and rate of myocardial contraction and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001637
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Refer to a class of agents that acts upon adrenergic receptors associated with activities of Sympathetic Nerve System. The adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors) belongs to the family of seven membrane spanning domain receptors that require G protein signaling pathway. (NCI04)
definition: Refer to a class of agents that acts upon adrenergic receptors associated with activities of Sympathetic Nerve System. The adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors) belongs to the family of seven membrane spanning domain receptors that require G protein signaling pathway. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001640
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.
definition: Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001641
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.
definition: Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001644
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.
definition: Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001645
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.
definition: Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001648
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any agent that binds to and activates any of the adrenergic receptors.
definition: Any agent that binds to and activates any of the adrenergic receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001655
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).
definition: An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001707
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Spasmodic swallowing of air.
definition: Spasmodic swallowing of air.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001723
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.
definition: Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001726
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Mood or emotional responses dissonant with or inappropriate to the behavior and/or stimulus.
definition: Mood or emotional responses dissonant with or inappropriate to the behavior and/or stimulus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001727
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A complication of gastrojejunostomy (BILLROTH II PROCEDURE), a reconstructive GASTROENTEROSTOMY. It is caused by acute (complete) or chronic (intermittent) obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop due to HERNIA, intussusception, kinking, VOLVULUS, etc. It is characterized by PAIN and VOMITING of BILE-stained fluid.
definition: A complication of gastrojejunostomy (BILLROTH II PROCEDURE), a reconstructive GASTROENTEROSTOMY. It is caused by acute (complete) or chronic (intermittent) obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop due to HERNIA, intussusception, kinking, VOLVULUS, etc. It is characterized by PAIN and VOMITING of BILE-stained fluid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001733
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A blood coagulation disorder characterized by the complete absence of fibrinogen in the blood, resulting in bleeding.
definition: A blood coagulation disorder characterized by the complete absence of fibrinogen in the blood, resulting in bleeding.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001748
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An insect-borne reovirus infection of horses, mules and donkeys in Africa and the Middle East; characterized by pulmonary edema, cardiac involvement, and edema of the head and neck.
definition: An insect-borne reovirus infection of horses, mules and donkeys in Africa and the Middle East; characterized by pulmonary edema, cardiac involvement, and edema of the head and neck.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001752
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A sometimes fatal ASFIVIRUS infection of pigs, characterized by fever, cough, diarrhea, hemorrhagic lymph nodes, and edema of the gallbladder. It is transmitted between domestic swine by direct contact, ingestion of infected meat, or fomites, or mechanically by biting flies or soft ticks (genus Ornithodoros).
definition: A sometimes fatal ASFIVIRUS infection of pigs, characterized by fever, cough, diarrhea, hemorrhagic lymph nodes, and edema of the gallbladder. It is transmitted between domestic swine by direct contact, ingestion of infected meat, or fomites, or mechanically by biting flies or soft ticks (genus Ornithodoros).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001768
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: Absence of the gamma fraction of serum globulin
definition: Absence of the gamma fraction of serum globulin

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001771
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.
definition: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001801
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The clumping together of suspended material resulting from the action of AGGLUTININS.
definition: The clumping together of suspended material resulting from the action of AGGLUTININS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001815
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Primary myelofibrosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of scar tissue (fibrosis) in the bone marrow, the tissue that produces blood cells. Because of the fibrosis, the bone marrow is unable to make enough normal blood cells. The shortage of blood cells causes many of the signs and symptoms of primary myelofibrosis.Initially, most people with primary myelofibrosis have no signs or symptoms. Eventually, fibrosis can lead to a reduction in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A shortage of red blood cells (anemia) often causes extreme tiredness (fatigue) or shortness of breath. A loss of white blood cells can lead to an increased number of infections, and a reduction of platelets can cause easy bleeding or bruising.Because blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) in the bone marrow is disrupted, other organs such as the spleen or liver may begin to produce blood cells. This process, called extramedullary hematopoiesis, often leads to an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) or an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). People with splenomegaly may feel pain or fullness in the abdomen, especially below the ribs on the left side. Other common signs and symptoms of primary myelofibrosis include fever, night sweats, and bone pain.Primary myelofibrosis is most commonly diagnosed in people aged 50 to 80 but can occur at any age.
definition: Primary myelofibrosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of scar tissue (fibrosis) in the bone marrow, the tissue that produces blood cells. Because of the fibrosis, the bone marrow is unable to make enough normal blood cells. The shortage of blood cells causes many of the signs and symptoms of primary myelofibrosis.Initially, most people with primary myelofibrosis have no signs or symptoms. Eventually, fibrosis can lead to a reduction in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A shortage of red blood cells (anemia) often causes extreme tiredness (fatigue) or shortness of breath. A loss of white blood cells can lead to an increased number of infections, and a reduction of platelets can cause easy bleeding or bruising.Because blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) in the bone marrow is disrupted, other organs such as the spleen or liver may begin to produce blood cells. This process, called extramedullary hematopoiesis, often leads to an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) or an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). People with splenomegaly may feel pain or fullness in the abdomen, especially below the ribs on the left side. Other common signs and symptoms of primary myelofibrosis include fever, night sweats, and bone pain.Primary myelofibrosis is most commonly diagnosed in people aged 50 to 80 but can occur at any age.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001816
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare disorder characterized by the lack of ability to recognize individuals, objects, shapes, sounds, or smells. There is no loss of memory. It is caused by neurological damage in the brain, specifically in the occipital or parietal lobes.
definition: A rare disorder characterized by the lack of ability to recognize individuals, objects, shapes, sounds, or smells. There is no loss of memory. It is caused by neurological damage in the brain, specifically in the occipital or parietal lobes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001818
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of anxiety disorder characterized by avoidance of public places, especially where crowds gather.
definition: A type of anxiety disorder characterized by avoidance of public places, especially where crowds gather.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001819
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An anxiety disorder characterized by agoraphobia in the absence of a history of panic attacks; the individual fears incapacitation or humiliation in open, public places or situations due to panic-like symptoms rather than a full-blown panic attack.
definition: An anxiety disorder characterized by agoraphobia in the absence of a history of panic attacks; the individual fears incapacitation or humiliation in open, public places or situations due to panic-like symptoms rather than a full-blown panic attack.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001824
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).
definition: A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001825
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Loss or impairment of the ability to write (letters, syllables, words, or phrases) due to an injury to a specific cerebral area or occasionally due to emotional factors. This condition rarely occurs in isolation, and often accompanies APHASIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p485; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)
definition: Loss or impairment of the ability to write (letters, syllables, words, or phrases) due to an injury to a specific cerebral area or occasionally due to emotional factors. This condition rarely occurs in isolation, and often accompanies APHASIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p485; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001828
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raising livestock, or otherwise engaged in husbandry and farming. The diseases are not restricted to farmers in the sense of those who perform conventional farm chores: the heading applies also to those engaged in the individual activities named above, as in those only gathering harvest or in those only dusting crops.
definition: Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raising livestock, or otherwise engaged in husbandry and farming. The diseases are not restricted to farmers in the sense of those who perform conventional farm chores: the heading applies also to those engaged in the individual activities named above, as in those only gathering harvest or in those only dusting crops.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001849
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)
definition: A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001857
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.
definition: A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001860
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Development of a fibrotic constriction ring involving the base of one or more toes, conditioning eversion and absorption of distal structures, possibly progressing to spontaneous amputation.
definition: Development of a fibrotic constriction ring involving the base of one or more toes, conditioning eversion and absorption of distal structures, possibly progressing to spontaneous amputation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001882
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sensation of discomfort associated with air travel that may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or sweating.
definition: A sensation of discomfort associated with air travel that may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or sweating.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001883
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.
definition: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001888
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An alkaloid found in the root of RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA, among other plant sources. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.
definition: An alkaloid found in the root of RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA, among other plant sources. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001889
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A syndrome characterized by a silent and inert state without voluntary motor activity despite preserved sensorimotor pathways and vigilance. Bilateral FRONTAL LOBE dysfunction involving the anterior cingulate gyrus and related brain injuries are associated with this condition. This may result in impaired abilities to communicate and initiate motor activities. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p348; Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 1995 Feb;63(2):59-67)
definition: A syndrome characterized by a silent and inert state without voluntary motor activity despite preserved sensorimotor pathways and vigilance. Bilateral FRONTAL LOBE dysfunction involving the anterior cingulate gyrus and related brain injuries are associated with this condition. This may result in impaired abilities to communicate and initiate motor activities. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p348; Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 1995 Feb;63(2):59-67)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001906
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A orthopoxvirus that causes a milder clinical syndrome than smallpox.
definition: A orthopoxvirus that causes a milder clinical syndrome than smallpox.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001911
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)
definition: A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001916
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital disorder characterized by partial or complete absence of melanin pigment in the eyes, hair and skin.
definition: A congenital disorder characterized by partial or complete absence of melanin pigment in the eyes, hair and skin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001925
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Increased concentration of albumin in the urine.
definition: Increased concentration of albumin in the urine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001927
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A racemic mixture of the r-isomer levalbuterol and s-albuterol, a short-acting sympathomimetic agent with bronchodilator activity. Albuterol stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, thereby activating the enzyme adenylate cyclase that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP concentrations relax bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, and reduce inflammatory cell mediator release, especially from mast cells. Albuterol although to a lesser extent, also stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors, thereby increasing the force and rate of myocardial contraction.
definition: A racemic mixture of the r-isomer levalbuterol and s-albuterol, a short-acting sympathomimetic agent with bronchodilator activity. Albuterol stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, thereby activating the enzyme adenylate cyclase that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP concentrations relax bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, and reduce inflammatory cell mediator release, especially from mast cells. Albuterol although to a lesser extent, also stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors, thereby increasing the force and rate of myocardial contraction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001940
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies characterized by short term memory loss, confabulations, and disturbances of attention. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)
definition: A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies characterized by short term memory loss, confabulations, and disturbances of attention. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001947
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.
definition: Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001957
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute organic mental disorder induced by cessation or reduction in chronic alcohol consumption. Clinical characteristics include CONFUSION; DELUSIONS; vivid HALLUCINATIONS; TREMOR; agitation; insomnia; and signs of autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., elevated blood pressure and heart rate, dilated pupils, and diaphoresis). This condition may occasionally be fatal. It was formerly called delirium tremens. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1175)
definition: An acute organic mental disorder induced by cessation or reduction in chronic alcohol consumption. Clinical characteristics include CONFUSION; DELUSIONS; vivid HALLUCINATIONS; TREMOR; agitation; insomnia; and signs of autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., elevated blood pressure and heart rate, dilated pupils, and diaphoresis). This condition may occasionally be fatal. It was formerly called delirium tremens. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1175)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001962
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
definition: A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001964
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.
definition: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001969
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
definition: An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001973
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Alcohol use disorder is a diagnosis made when an individual has severe problems related to drinking alcohol. Alcohol use disorder can cause major health, social, and economic problems, and can endanger affected individuals and others through behaviors prompted by impaired decision-making and lowered inhibitions, such as aggression, unprotected sex, or driving while intoxicated.Alcohol use disorder is a broad diagnosis that encompasses several commonly used terms describing problems with drinking. It includes alcoholism, also called alcohol addiction, which is a long-lasting (chronic) condition characterized by a powerful, compulsive urge to drink alcohol and the inability to stop drinking after starting. In addition to alcoholism, alcohol use disorder includes alcohol abuse, which involves problem drinking without addiction.Habitual excessive use of alcohol changes the chemistry of the brain and leads to tolerance, which means that over time the amount of alcohol ingested needs to be increased to achieve the same effect. Long-term excessive use of alcohol may also produce dependence, which means that when people stop drinking, they have physical and psychological symptoms of withdrawal, such as sleep problems, irritability, jumpiness, shakiness, restlessness, headache, nausea, sweating, anxiety, and depression. In severe cases, agitation, fever, seizures, and hallucinations can occur; this pattern of severe withdrawal symptoms is called delirium tremens.The heavy drinking that often occurs in alcohol use disorder, and can also occur in short-term episodes called binge drinking, can lead to a life-threatening overdose known as alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning occurs when a large quantity of alcohol consumed over a short time causes problems with breathing, heart rate, body temperature, and the gag reflex. Signs and symptoms can include vomiting, choking, confusion, slow or irregular breathing, pale or blue-tinged skin, seizures, a low body temperature, a toxic bu…
definition: Alcohol use disorder is a diagnosis made when an individual has severe problems related to drinking alcohol. Alcohol use disorder can cause major health, social, and economic problems, and can endanger affected individuals and others through behaviors prompted by impaired decision-making and lowered inhibitions, such as aggression, unprotected sex, or driving while intoxicated.Alcohol use disorder is a broad diagnosis that encompasses several commonly used terms describing problems with drinking. It includes alcoholism, also called alcohol addiction, which is a long-lasting (chronic) condition characterized by a powerful, compulsive urge to drink alcohol and the inability to stop drinking after starting. In addition to alcoholism, alcohol use disorder includes alcohol abuse, which involves problem drinking without addiction.Habitual excessive use of alcohol changes the chemistry of the brain and leads to tolerance, which means that over time the amount of alcohol ingested needs to be increased to achieve the same effect. Long-term excessive use of alcohol may also produce dependence, which means that when people stop drinking, they have physical and psychological symptoms of withdrawal, such as sleep problems, irritability, jumpiness, shakiness, restlessness, headache, nausea, sweating, anxiety, and depression. In severe cases, agitation, fever, seizures, and hallucinations can occur; this pattern of severe withdrawal symptoms is called delirium tremens.The heavy drinking that often occurs in alcohol use disorder, and can also occur in short-term episodes called binge drinking, can lead to a life-threatening overdose known as alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning occurs when a large quantity of alcohol consumed over a short time causes problems with breathing, heart rate, body temperature, and the gag reflex. Signs and symptoms can include vomiting, choking, confusion, slow or irregular breathing, pale or blue-tinged skin, seizures, a low body temperature, a toxic bu…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001975
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A class of compounds where a hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to single bonded hydrocarbons. Alcohols are classified according to the position of the carbon atom with the attached hydroxyl group (i.e. primary alcohols are alcohols with the OH group attached to the primary carbon atom, C1). Uses include solvents, astringents, and anti-infective activity.
definition: A class of compounds where a hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to single bonded hydrocarbons. Alcohols are classified according to the position of the carbon atom with the attached hydroxyl group (i.e. primary alcohols are alcohols with the OH group attached to the primary carbon atom, C1). Uses include solvents, astringents, and anti-infective activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0001981
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant similar to TUBOCURARINE. It is used as an anesthesia adjuvant.
definition: A non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant similar to TUBOCURARINE. It is used as an anesthesia adjuvant.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002006
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.
definition: A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002007
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: agent that counteracts or opposes the action of aldosterone.
definition: agent that counteracts or opposes the action of aldosterone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002016
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A slow progressive disease of mink caused by the ALEUTIAN MINK DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by poor reproduction, weight loss, autoimmunity, hypergammaglobulinemia, increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, and death from renal failure. The disease occurs in all color types, but mink which are homozygous recessive for the Aleutian gene for light coat color are particularly susceptible.
definition: A slow progressive disease of mink caused by the ALEUTIAN MINK DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by poor reproduction, weight loss, autoimmunity, hypergammaglobulinemia, increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, and death from renal failure. The disease occurs in all color types, but mink which are homozygous recessive for the Aleutian gene for light coat color are particularly susceptible.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002018
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An acquired type of sensory aphasia where damage to the brain leads to the loss of the ability to read.
definition: An acquired type of sensory aphasia where damage to the brain leads to the loss of the ability to read.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002020
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A deficit in emotional awareness characterized by difficulties in recognizing and expressing feelings and emotions manifested as a limited ability to respond to facial clues or other signs of emotions in others often accompanied by detached connections to others.
definition: A deficit in emotional awareness characterized by difficulties in recognizing and expressing feelings and emotions manifested as a limited ability to respond to facial clues or other signs of emotions in others often accompanied by detached connections to others.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002026
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
definition: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002039
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A progesterone that has been used in ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION and has been evaluated as an injectable contraceptive in combination with estradiol enanthate. It is also used therapeutically as a topical anti-inflammatory and is applied topically in the treatment of ACNE.
definition: A progesterone that has been used in ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION and has been evaluated as an injectable contraceptive in combination with estradiol enanthate. It is also used therapeutically as a topical anti-inflammatory and is applied topically in the treatment of ACNE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002062
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A family or group of nitrogen-containing base compounds primarily derived from plant and animal sources. Many alkaloids are used medicinally, including cancer therapy.
definition: A family or group of nitrogen-containing base compounds primarily derived from plant and animal sources. Many alkaloids are used medicinally, including cancer therapy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002063
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.
definition: A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002064
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition in which the blood pH is greater than normal, secondary to impaired gas exchange.
definition: A condition in which the blood pH is greater than normal, secondary to impaired gas exchange.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002066
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Alkaptonuria is caused by deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, an enzyme that converts homogentisic acid (HGA) to maleylacetoacetic acid in the tyrosine degradation pathway. The three major features of alkaptonuria are the presence of HGA in the urine, ochronosis (bluish-black pigmentation in connective tissue), and arthritis of the spine and larger joints. Oxidation of the HGA excreted in the urine produces a melanin-like product and causes the urine to turn dark on standing. Ochronosis occurs only after age 30 years; arthritis often begins in the third decade. Other manifestations include pigment deposition, aortic or mitral valve calcification or regurgitation and occasionally aortic dilatation, renal stones, and prostate stones.
definition: Alkaptonuria is caused by deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, an enzyme that converts homogentisic acid (HGA) to maleylacetoacetic acid in the tyrosine degradation pathway. The three major features of alkaptonuria are the presence of HGA in the urine, ochronosis (bluish-black pigmentation in connective tissue), and arthritis of the spine and larger joints. Oxidation of the HGA excreted in the urine produces a melanin-like product and causes the urine to turn dark on standing. Ochronosis occurs only after age 30 years; arthritis often begins in the third decade. Other manifestations include pigment deposition, aortic or mitral valve calcification or regurgitation and occasionally aortic dilatation, renal stones, and prostate stones.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002073
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Agents that replace hydrogen atom(s) in biologically active molecules with alky radical(s), hindering proper function. Alkylating agents exhibit cytotoxic effects through the alkylation of DNA, resulting in strand cross-linking, ultimately inhibiting DNA replication and cell growth.
definition: Agents that replace hydrogen atom(s) in biologically active molecules with alky radical(s), hindering proper function. Alkylating agents exhibit cytotoxic effects through the alkylation of DNA, resulting in strand cross-linking, ultimately inhibiting DNA replication and cell growth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002083
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations.
definition: A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002103
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Allergic rhinitis with a positive skin prick test (SPT equal or greater than 3 mm) to any allergen.
definition: Allergic rhinitis with a positive skin prick test (SPT equal or greater than 3 mm) to any allergen.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002144
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.
definition: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002145
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES) on the enzymes other than the substrate BINDING SITES.
definition: The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES) on the enzymes other than the substrate BINDING SITES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002157
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.
definition: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002158
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic steroid with progestational activity.
definition: A synthetic steroid with progestational activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002159
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.
definition: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002164
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.
definition: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002170
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.
definition: Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002171
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Alopecia areata is a common disorder that causes hair loss. ""Alopecia"" is a Latin term that means baldness, and ""areata"" refers to the patchy nature of the hair loss that is typically seen with this condition.In most people with alopecia areata, hair falls out in small, round patches, leaving coin-sized areas of bare skin. This patchy hair loss occurs most often on the scalp but can affect other parts of the body as well. Uncommonly, the hair loss involves the entire scalp (in which case the condition is known as alopecia totalis) or the whole body (alopecia universalis). Other rare forms of alopecia areata, which have different patterns of hair loss, have also been reported.Alopecia areata affects people of all ages, although it most commonly appears in adolescence or early adulthood. Hair loss occurs over a period of weeks. The hair usually grows back after several months, although it may fall out again. In some cases, unpredictable cycles of hair loss followed by regrowth can last for years. In addition to hair loss, some affected individuals have fingernail and toenail abnormalities, such as pits on the surface of the nails.The hair loss associated with alopecia areata is not painful or disabling. However, it causes changes in a person's appearance that can profoundly affect quality of life and self-esteem. In some people, the condition can lead to depression, anxiety, and other emotional or psychological issues.
definition: Alopecia areata is a common disorder that causes hair loss. ""Alopecia"" is a Latin term that means baldness, and ""areata"" refers to the patchy nature of the hair loss that is typically seen with this condition.In most people with alopecia areata, hair falls out in small, round patches, leaving coin-sized areas of bare skin. This patchy hair loss occurs most often on the scalp but can affect other parts of the body as well. Uncommonly, the hair loss involves the entire scalp (in which case the condition is known as alopecia totalis) or the whole body (alopecia universalis). Other rare forms of alopecia areata, which have different patterns of hair loss, have also been reported.Alopecia areata affects people of all ages, although it most commonly appears in adolescence or early adulthood. Hair loss occurs over a period of weeks. The hair usually grows back after several months, although it may fall out again. In some cases, unpredictable cycles of hair loss followed by regrowth can last for years. In addition to hair loss, some affected individuals have fingernail and toenail abnormalities, such as pits on the surface of the nails.The hair loss associated with alopecia areata is not painful or disabling. However, it causes changes in a person's appearance that can profoundly affect quality of life and self-esteem. In some people, the condition can lead to depression, anxiety, and other emotional or psychological issues.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002173
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disease of the pilosebaceous unit, presenting clinically as grouped follicular papules or plaques with associated hair loss. It is caused by mucinous infiltration of tissues, and usually involving the scalp, face, and neck. It may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to mycosis fungoides or reticulosis.
definition: A disease of the pilosebaceous unit, presenting clinically as grouped follicular papules or plaques with associated hair loss. It is caused by mucinous infiltration of tissues, and usually involving the scalp, face, and neck. It may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to mycosis fungoides or reticulosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002191
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (418 aa, ~47 kDa) is encoded by the human SERPINA1 gene. This protein plays a role in regulation of proteolysis.
definition: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (418 aa, ~47 kDa) is encoded by the human SERPINA1 gene. This protein plays a role in regulation of proteolysis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002199
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.
definition: One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002245
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A family of hydrolases that cleaves alpha-linkages in polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, and yield glucose and maltose. This family includes the amylase forms that are produced by mammals. In humans, alpha-amylase is produced by salivary glands and the pancreas.
definition: A family of hydrolases that cleaves alpha-linkages in polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, and yield glucose and maltose. This family includes the amylase forms that are produced by mammals. In humans, alpha-amylase is produced by salivary glands and the pancreas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002253
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents.
definition: A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002260
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A difluoromethylated ornithine compound with antineoplastic activity. Eflornithine irreversibly inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme required for polyamine biosynthesis, thereby inhibiting the formation and proliferation of tumor cells. Polyamines are involved in nucleosome oligomerization and DNA conformation, creating a chromatin environment that stimulates neoplastic transformation of cells. This agent has been shown to induce apoptosis in leiomyoma cells. (NCI04)
definition: A difluoromethylated ornithine compound with antineoplastic activity. Eflornithine irreversibly inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme required for polyamine biosynthesis, thereby inhibiting the formation and proliferation of tumor cells. Polyamines are involved in nucleosome oligomerization and DNA conformation, creating a chromatin environment that stimulates neoplastic transformation of cells. This agent has been shown to induce apoptosis in leiomyoma cells. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002268
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-galactosides including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans, and galactolipids.
definition: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-galactosides including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans, and galactolipids.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002272
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Enzymes that catalyze the exohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages with release of alpha-glucose. Deficiency of alpha-1,4-glucosidase may cause GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE II.
definition: Enzymes that catalyze the exohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages with release of alpha-glucose. Deficiency of alpha-1,4-glucosidase may cause GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE II.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002312
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Alpha-thalassemia (a-thalassemia) has two clinically significant forms: hemoglobin Bart hydrops fetalis (Hb Bart) syndrome, caused by deletion of all four a-globin genes; and hemoglobin H (HbH) disease, most frequently caused by deletion of three a-globin genes. Hb Bart syndrome, the more severe form, is characterized by fetal onset of generalized edema, pleural and pericardial effusions, and severe hypochromic anemia, in the absence of ABO or Rh blood group incompatibility. Additional clinical features include marked hepatosplenomegaly, extramedullary erythropoiesis, hydrocephalus, and cardiac and urogenital defects. Death usually occurs in the neonatal period. HbH disease is characterized by microcytic hypochromic hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly, mild jaundice, and sometimes thalassemia-like bone changes. Individuals with HbH disease may develop gallstones and experience acute episodes of hemolysis in response to oxidant drugs and infections.
definition: Alpha-thalassemia (a-thalassemia) has two clinically significant forms: hemoglobin Bart hydrops fetalis (Hb Bart) syndrome, caused by deletion of all four a-globin genes; and hemoglobin H (HbH) disease, most frequently caused by deletion of three a-globin genes. Hb Bart syndrome, the more severe form, is characterized by fetal onset of generalized edema, pleural and pericardial effusions, and severe hypochromic anemia, in the absence of ABO or Rh blood group incompatibility. Additional clinical features include marked hepatosplenomegaly, extramedullary erythropoiesis, hydrocephalus, and cardiac and urogenital defects. Death usually occurs in the neonatal period. HbH disease is characterized by microcytic hypochromic hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly, mild jaundice, and sometimes thalassemia-like bone changes. Individuals with HbH disease may develop gallstones and experience acute episodes of hemolysis in response to oxidant drugs and infections.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002327
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)
definition: An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002328
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic progestational dihydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE. Its acetonide possesses anti-inflammatory properties.
definition: A synthetic progestational dihydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE. Its acetonide possesses anti-inflammatory properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002333
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A triazolobenzodiazepine agent with anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities. Alprazolam binds to a specific site distinct from the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) binding site on the benzodiazepine-GABA-A-chloride ionophore receptor complex located in the limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic regions of the central nervous system (CNS). This binding causes an allosteric modification of the receptor and enhances the affinity of GABA to the receptor leading to an increase in the frequency of chloride-channel opening events. This leads to an increase in chloride ion conductance, neuronal hyperpolarization, inhibition of the action potential and leads to a decrease in neuronal excitability.
definition: A triazolobenzodiazepine agent with anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities. Alprazolam binds to a specific site distinct from the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) binding site on the benzodiazepine-GABA-A-chloride ionophore receptor complex located in the limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic regions of the central nervous system (CNS). This binding causes an allosteric modification of the receptor and enhances the affinity of GABA to the receptor leading to an increase in the frequency of chloride-channel opening events. This leads to an increase in chloride ion conductance, neuronal hyperpolarization, inhibition of the action potential and leads to a decrease in neuronal excitability.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002334
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.
definition: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002335
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow.
definition: A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002340
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An alkaloidal extract from RAUWOLFIA.
definition: An alkaloidal extract from RAUWOLFIA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002351
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.
definition: Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002362
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. They are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, metritis, and minor wounds.
definition: Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. They are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, metritis, and minor wounds.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002367
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A metallic element in the boron group with atomic symbol Al, atomic number 13, and atomic weight 27.
definition: A metallic element in the boron group with atomic symbol Al, atomic number 13, and atomic weight 27.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002371
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.
definition: A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002382
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Resorption or wasting of the tooth-supporting bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS) in the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE.
definition: Resorption or wasting of the tooth-supporting bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS) in the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002390
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.
definition: A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002395
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Alzheimer disease is the most common form of progressive dementia in the elderly. It is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the neuropathologic findings of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and extracellular amyloid plaques that accumulate in vulnerable brain regions (Sennvik et al., 2000). Terry and Davies (1980) pointed out that the 'presenile' form, with onset before age 65, is identical to the most common form of late-onset or 'senile' dementia, and suggested the term 'senile dementia of the Alzheimer type' (SDAT). Haines (1991) reviewed the genetics of AD. Selkoe (1996) reviewed the pathophysiology, chromosomal loci, and pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer disease. Theuns and Van Broeckhoven (2000) reviewed the transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in Alzheimer disease. Genetic Heterogeneity of Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer disease is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. See also AD2 (104310), associated with the APOE*4 allele (107741) on chromosome 19; AD3 (607822), caused by mutation in the presenilin-1 gene (PSEN1; 104311) on 14q; and AD4 (606889), caused by mutation in the PSEN2 gene (600759) on 1q31. There is evidence for additional AD loci on other chromosomes; see AD5 (602096) on 12p11, AD6 (605526) on 10q24, AD7 (606187) on 10p13, AD8 (607116) on 20p, AD9 (608907), associated with variation in the ABCA7 gene (605414) on 19p13, AD10 (609636) on 7q36, AD11 (609790) on 9q22, AD12 (611073) on 8p12-q22, AD13 (611152) on 1q21, AD14 (611154) on 1q25, AD15 (611155) on 3q22-q24, AD16 (300756) on Xq21.3, AD17 (615080) on 6p21.2, and AD18 (615590), associated with variation in the ADAM10 gene (602192) on 15q21. Evidence also suggests that mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms may be risk factors in Alzheimer disease (502500). Finally, there have been associations between AD and various polymorphisms in other genes, including alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M; 103950.0005), low density lipoprotein-related protein-1 (LRP1; 107770), the transferrin …
definition: Alzheimer disease is the most common form of progressive dementia in the elderly. It is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the neuropathologic findings of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and extracellular amyloid plaques that accumulate in vulnerable brain regions (Sennvik et al., 2000). Terry and Davies (1980) pointed out that the 'presenile' form, with onset before age 65, is identical to the most common form of late-onset or 'senile' dementia, and suggested the term 'senile dementia of the Alzheimer type' (SDAT). Haines (1991) reviewed the genetics of AD. Selkoe (1996) reviewed the pathophysiology, chromosomal loci, and pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer disease. Theuns and Van Broeckhoven (2000) reviewed the transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in Alzheimer disease. Genetic Heterogeneity of Alzheimer Disease Alzheimer disease is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. See also AD2 (104310), associated with the APOE*4 allele (107741) on chromosome 19; AD3 (607822), caused by mutation in the presenilin-1 gene (PSEN1; 104311) on 14q; and AD4 (606889), caused by mutation in the PSEN2 gene (600759) on 1q31. There is evidence for additional AD loci on other chromosomes; see AD5 (602096) on 12p11, AD6 (605526) on 10q24, AD7 (606187) on 10p13, AD8 (607116) on 20p, AD9 (608907), associated with variation in the ABCA7 gene (605414) on 19p13, AD10 (609636) on 7q36, AD11 (609790) on 9q22, AD12 (611073) on 8p12-q22, AD13 (611152) on 1q21, AD14 (611154) on 1q25, AD15 (611155) on 3q22-q24, AD16 (300756) on Xq21.3, AD17 (615080) on 6p21.2, and AD18 (615590), associated with variation in the ADAM10 gene (602192) on 15q21. Evidence also suggests that mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms may be risk factors in Alzheimer disease (502500). Finally, there have been associations between AD and various polymorphisms in other genes, including alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M; 103950.0005), low density lipoprotein-related protein-1 (LRP1; 107770), the transferrin …

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002403
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic tricyclic amine with antiviral, antiparkinsonian, and antihyperalgesic activities. Amantadine appears to exert its antiviral effect against the influenza A virus by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein, thereby preventing the release of infectious viral nucleic acids into host cells. Furthermore, this agent prevents virus assembly during virus replication. Amantadine exerts its antiparkinsonian effects by stimulating the release of dopamine from striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals and inhibiting its pre-synaptic reuptake. This agent may also exert some anticholinergic effect through inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated stimulation of acetylcholine, resulting in antihyperalgesia.
definition: A synthetic tricyclic amine with antiviral, antiparkinsonian, and antihyperalgesic activities. Amantadine appears to exert its antiviral effect against the influenza A virus by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein, thereby preventing the release of infectious viral nucleic acids into host cells. Furthermore, this agent prevents virus assembly during virus replication. Amantadine exerts its antiparkinsonian effects by stimulating the release of dopamine from striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals and inhibiting its pre-synaptic reuptake. This agent may also exert some anticholinergic effect through inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated stimulation of acetylcholine, resulting in antihyperalgesia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002404
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The sulfate salt of amantadine, a synthetic tricyclic amine with antiviral, antiparkinsonian, and antihyperalgesic activities. Amantadine appears to exert its antiviral effect against the influenza A virus by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein, thereby preventing the release of infectious viral nucleic acids into host cells; furthermore, this agent prevents virus assembly during virus replication. Amantadine exerts its antiparkinsonian effects by stimulating the release of dopamine from striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals and inhibiting its pre-synaptic reuptake. This agent may also exert some anticholinergic effect through inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated stimulation of acetylcholine, resulting in antihyperalgesia.
definition: The sulfate salt of amantadine, a synthetic tricyclic amine with antiviral, antiparkinsonian, and antihyperalgesic activities. Amantadine appears to exert its antiviral effect against the influenza A virus by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein, thereby preventing the release of infectious viral nucleic acids into host cells; furthermore, this agent prevents virus assembly during virus replication. Amantadine exerts its antiparkinsonian effects by stimulating the release of dopamine from striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals and inhibiting its pre-synaptic reuptake. This agent may also exert some anticholinergic effect through inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated stimulation of acetylcholine, resulting in antihyperalgesia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002412
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A bisquaternary ammonium alcohol with parasympathomimetic activity. The positive charge of ambenonium allows it to act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor by binding to the anionic site at the reactive center of acetylcholinesterase, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine and producing an indirect cholinomimetic effect at both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Ambenonium also has direct agonist activity at nicotinic receptors, potentiating the cholinomimetic effect at the neuromuscular junction.
definition: A bisquaternary ammonium alcohol with parasympathomimetic activity. The positive charge of ambenonium allows it to act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor by binding to the anionic site at the reactive center of acetylcholinesterase, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine and producing an indirect cholinomimetic effect at both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Ambenonium also has direct agonist activity at nicotinic receptors, potentiating the cholinomimetic effect at the neuromuscular junction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002413
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A quaternary ammonium compound that is an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity with actions similar to those of NEOSTIGMINE, but of longer duration. Ambenonium is given by mouth in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1112)
definition: A quaternary ammonium compound that is an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity with actions similar to those of NEOSTIGMINE, but of longer duration. Ambenonium is given by mouth in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1112)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002418
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.
definition: A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002421
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.
definition: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002438
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A parasitic infectious disorder caused by amoebas. The parasite may cause colitis which is manifested with bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and fever. In rare cases it may spread to the liver, brain and lungs.
definition: A parasitic infectious disorder caused by amoebas. The parasite may cause colitis which is manifested with bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and fever. In rare cases it may spread to the liver, brain and lungs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002444
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents which are destructive to amebae, especially the parasitic species causing AMEBIASIS in man and animal.
definition: Agents which are destructive to amebae, especially the parasitic species causing AMEBIASIS in man and animal.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002447
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital malformation characterized by the complete absence of all limbs.
definition: A congenital malformation characterized by the complete absence of all limbs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002448
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The most common odontogenic tumor, arising from the epithelial component of the embryonic tooth and usually affecting the molar-ramus region of the mandible or maxilla. Although most ameloblastomas are morphologically and clinically benign, they may cause extensive local destruction, recur, or metastasize.
definition: The most common odontogenic tumor, arising from the epithelial component of the embryonic tooth and usually affecting the molar-ramus region of the mandible or maxilla. Although most ameloblastomas are morphologically and clinically benign, they may cause extensive local destruction, recur, or metastasize.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002452
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed DENTAL ENAMEL, usually involving DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA and/or TOOTH HYPOMINERALIZATION.
definition: A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed DENTAL ENAMEL, usually involving DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA and/or TOOTH HYPOMINERALIZATION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002453
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Absence of menses for an interval of time equivalent to a total of more than (or equal to) 3 previous cycles or 6 months. [pmid:22594864]
definition: Absence of menses for an interval of time equivalent to a total of more than (or equal to) 3 previous cycles or 6 months. [pmid:22594864]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002467
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.
definition: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002502
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)
definition: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002503
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.
definition: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002511
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A reaction that produces an ""activated"" amino acid derivative, such as amino acyl adenylate, or amino acylphosphorylate and provides energy for the amino acid to be incorporated into a peptide, protein, or other macromolecule.
definition: A reaction that produces an ""activated"" amino acid derivative, such as amino acyl adenylate, or amino acylphosphorylate and provides energy for the amino acid to be incorporated into a peptide, protein, or other macromolecule.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002512
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES and sulfhydryl group-containing enzymes. They act as alkylating agents and are known to interfere in the translation process.
definition: Inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES and sulfhydryl group-containing enzymes. They act as alkylating agents and are known to interfere in the translation process.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002514
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An inherited disorder that affects the metabolism of the amino acids. Representative examples include alkaptonuria, homocystinuria, tyrosinemia, and phenylketonuria.
definition: An inherited disorder that affects the metabolism of the amino acids. Representative examples include alkaptonuria, homocystinuria, tyrosinemia, and phenylketonuria.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002520
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any organic compounds containing amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. In biochemistry, used to refer to the twenty-plus L-alpha-amino acids found in proteins.
definition: Any organic compounds containing amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. In biochemistry, used to refer to the twenty-plus L-alpha-amino acids found in proteins.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002525
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs.
definition: Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002530
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2).
definition: Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002533
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Cyanomethylamine.
definition: Cyanomethylamine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002534
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of inherited kidney disorders characterized by the abnormally elevated levels of AMINO ACIDS in URINE. Genetic mutations of transport proteins result in the defective reabsorption of free amino acids at the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. Renal aminoaciduria are classified by the specific amino acid or acids involved.
definition: A group of inherited kidney disorders characterized by the abnormally elevated levels of AMINO ACIDS in URINE. Genetic mutations of transport proteins result in the defective reabsorption of free amino acids at the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. Renal aminoaciduria are classified by the specific amino acid or acids involved.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002536
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acridines which are substituted in any position by one or more amino groups or substituted amino groups.
definition: Acridines which are substituted in any position by one or more amino groups or substituted amino groups.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002555
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic derivative of the sedative and anticonvulsant glutethimide with anti-steroid properties. Originally used as an anticonvulsant, aminoglutethimide also blocks adrenal steroidogenesis by inhibiting the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. In addition, this agent blocks the peripheral aromatization of androgenic precursors to estrogens. Aminoglutethimide does not suppress ovarian estrogen production.
definition: A synthetic derivative of the sedative and anticonvulsant glutethimide with anti-steroid properties. Originally used as an anticonvulsant, aminoglutethimide also blocks adrenal steroidogenesis by inhibiting the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. In addition, this agent blocks the peripheral aromatization of androgenic precursors to estrogens. Aminoglutethimide does not suppress ovarian estrogen production.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002556
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.
definition: Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002560
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.
definition: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002563
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.
definition: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002569
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.
definition: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002575
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.
definition: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002586
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.
definition: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002589
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension.
definition: An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002591
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of 2-hydroxybenzoic acids that can be substituted by amino groups at any of the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-positions.
definition: A group of 2-hydroxybenzoic acids that can be substituted by amino groups at any of the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-positions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002598
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.
definition: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002600
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A derivative of dibenzocycloheptadiene and a tricyclic antidepressant. Amitriptyline inhibits the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by the presynaptic neuronal membrane in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby increasing the synaptic concentration of norepinephrine and serotonin. Due to constant stimulation to these receptors, amitriptyline may produce a downregulation of adrenergic and serotonin receptors, which may contribute to the antidepressant activity.
definition: A derivative of dibenzocycloheptadiene and a tricyclic antidepressant. Amitriptyline inhibits the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by the presynaptic neuronal membrane in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby increasing the synaptic concentration of norepinephrine and serotonin. Due to constant stimulation to these receptors, amitriptyline may produce a downregulation of adrenergic and serotonin receptors, which may contribute to the antidepressant activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002607
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.
definition: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002615
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A systemic and urinary acidifying salt. Ammonium chloride helps maintain pH and exerts a mild diuretic effect. This acid forming salt also exerts an expectorant effect by irritating the mucous membranes and is used for alleviation of cough.
definition: A systemic and urinary acidifying salt. Ammonium chloride helps maintain pH and exerts a mild diuretic effect. This acid forming salt also exerts an expectorant effect by irritating the mucous membranes and is used for alleviation of cough.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002622
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)
definition: Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002624
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Loss of the ability to recall information that had been previously encoded in memory prior to a specified or approximate point in time. This process may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organic forms may be associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS; SEIZURES; DEMENTIA; and a wide variety of other conditions that impair cerebral function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-9)
definition: Loss of the ability to recall information that had been previously encoded in memory prior to a specified or approximate point in time. This process may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organic forms may be associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS; SEIZURES; DEMENTIA; and a wide variety of other conditions that impair cerebral function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-9)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002631
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the amnion.
definition: Inflammation of the amnion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002636
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare congenital disorder which is caused by entrapment of anatomic parts of the fetus in fibrous amniotic bands during pregnancy. It may result in the formation of constriction rings around the digits and upper and lower extremities, swelling of the extremities and congenital amputations.
definition: A rare congenital disorder which is caused by entrapment of anatomic parts of the fetus in fibrous amniotic bands during pregnancy. It may result in the formation of constriction rings around the digits and upper and lower extremities, swelling of the extremities and congenital amputations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002640
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)
definition: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002641
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.
definition: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002644
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A tricyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxazepine class. Amoxapine exerts its antidepressant effect by inhibiting the re-uptake of norepinephrine and, to a lesser degree, of serotonin, at adrenergic nerve endings and blocks the response of dopamine receptors to dopamine. This drug is used to treat symptoms of depression and may cause tardive dyskinesia. Amoxapine also binds to alpha-adrenergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic receptors which accounts for many of the side effects seen with this agent.
definition: A tricyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxazepine class. Amoxapine exerts its antidepressant effect by inhibiting the re-uptake of norepinephrine and, to a lesser degree, of serotonin, at adrenergic nerve endings and blocks the response of dopamine receptors to dopamine. This drug is used to treat symptoms of depression and may cause tardive dyskinesia. Amoxapine also binds to alpha-adrenergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic receptors which accounts for many of the side effects seen with this agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002658
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: Chemical racemic free base or equal parts of enantiomers levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine in their pure amine or salt forms.
definition: Chemical racemic free base or equal parts of enantiomers levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine in their pure amine or salt forms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002667
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Analogs or derivatives of AMPHETAMINE. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopressin, bronchodilation, and to varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation.
definition: Analogs or derivatives of AMPHETAMINE. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopressin, bronchodilation, and to varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002686
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.
definition: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002696
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.
definition: A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002697
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.
definition: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002699
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.
definition: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002707
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A cyanogenic glucoside isolated from almonds and seeds of other plants of the family Rosaceae. Amygdalin is converted by plant emulsin (a combination of a glucosidase and a nitrilase) or hydrochloric acid into benzaldehyde, D-glucose, and hydrocyanic acid. (NCI04)
definition: A cyanogenic glucoside isolated from almonds and seeds of other plants of the family Rosaceae. Amygdalin is converted by plant emulsin (a combination of a glucosidase and a nitrilase) or hydrochloric acid into benzaldehyde, D-glucose, and hydrocyanic acid. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002711
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.
definition: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002712
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman, 25th ed) EC 3.2.1.-.
definition: A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman, 25th ed) EC 3.2.1.-.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002726
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by the localized or diffuse accumulation of amyloid protein in various anatomic sites. It may be primary, due to clonal plasma cell proliferations; secondary, due to long standing infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, or malignancies; or familial. It may affect the nerves, skin, tongue, joints, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands.
definition: A disorder characterized by the localized or diffuse accumulation of amyloid protein in various anatomic sites. It may be primary, due to clonal plasma cell proliferations; secondary, due to long standing infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, or malignancies; or familial. It may affect the nerves, skin, tongue, joints, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002735
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: congenital atonic pseudoparalysis observed especially in infants and characterized by absence of muscular tone only in muscles innervated by the spinal nerves; also known as Oppenheim's disease or syndrome or congenital atonic pseudoparalysis.
definition: congenital atonic pseudoparalysis observed especially in infants and characterized by absence of muscular tone only in muscles innervated by the spinal nerves; also known as Oppenheim's disease or syndrome or congenital atonic pseudoparalysis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002736
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving both upper motor neurons (UMN) and lower motor neurons (LMN). UMN signs include hyperreflexia, extensor plantar response, increased muscle tone, and weakness in a topographic representation. LMN signs include weakness, muscle wasting, hyporeflexia, muscle cramps, and fasciculations. Initial presentation varies. Affected individuals typically present with either asymmetric focal weakness of the extremities (stumbling or poor handgrip) or bulbar findings (dysarthria, dysphagia). Other findings may include muscle fasciculations, muscle cramps, and labile affect, but not necessarily mood. Regardless of initial symptoms, atrophy and weakness eventually affect other muscles. The mean age of onset is 56 years in individuals with no known family history and 46 years in individuals with more than one affected family member (familial ALS or FALS). Average disease duration is about three years, but it can vary significantly. Death usually results from compromise of the respiratory muscles.
definition: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving both upper motor neurons (UMN) and lower motor neurons (LMN). UMN signs include hyperreflexia, extensor plantar response, increased muscle tone, and weakness in a topographic representation. LMN signs include weakness, muscle wasting, hyporeflexia, muscle cramps, and fasciculations. Initial presentation varies. Affected individuals typically present with either asymmetric focal weakness of the extremities (stumbling or poor handgrip) or bulbar findings (dysarthria, dysphagia). Other findings may include muscle fasciculations, muscle cramps, and labile affect, but not necessarily mood. Regardless of initial symptoms, atrophy and weakness eventually affect other muscles. The mean age of onset is 56 years in individuals with no known family history and 46 years in individuals with more than one affected family member (familial ALS or FALS). Average disease duration is about three years, but it can vary significantly. Death usually results from compromise of the respiratory muscles.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002757
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Tumors or cancer of the anal gland.
definition: Tumors or cancer of the anal gland.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002763
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.
definition: A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002768
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A syndrome characterized by indifference to PAIN despite the ability to distinguish noxious from non-noxious stimuli. Absent corneal reflexes and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may be associated. Familial forms with autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance have been described. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)
definition: A syndrome characterized by indifference to PAIN despite the ability to distinguish noxious from non-noxious stimuli. Absent corneal reflexes and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may be associated. Familial forms with autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance have been described. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002771
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
definition: Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002772
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.
definition: Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002792
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered antigen.
definition: An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered antigen.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002793
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate characterized by the presence of large pleomorphic cells, necrosis, and high mitotic activity in a tissue sample.
definition: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate characterized by the presence of large pleomorphic cells, necrosis, and high mitotic activity in a tissue sample.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002796
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the family ANAPLASMATACEAE.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the family ANAPLASMATACEAE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002797
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disease usually in cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLASMA.
definition: A disease usually in cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLASMA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002823
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A proteolytic enzyme and defibrinogenating agent derived from the venom of the Malayan pit viper, with profibrinolytic and anticoagulant activities. Upon administration, ancrod cleaves fibrinogen and releases A-fibrinopeptides. This inactivates fibrinogen and leads to a reduction in blood viscosity, increases blood flow and perfusion of the microcirculation.
definition: A proteolytic enzyme and defibrinogenating agent derived from the venom of the Malayan pit viper, with profibrinolytic and anticoagulant activities. Upon administration, ancrod cleaves fibrinogen and releases A-fibrinopeptides. This inactivates fibrinogen and leads to a reduction in blood viscosity, increases blood flow and perfusion of the microcirculation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002831
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Infection by hookworms of the genus Ancylostoma.
definition: Infection by hookworms of the genus Ancylostoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002842
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.
definition: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002844
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic or animal-derived hormone that is chemically or functionally similar or identical to endogenous androgen with potential use in therapeutic applications.
definition: A synthetic or animal-derived hormone that is chemically or functionally similar or identical to endogenous androgen with potential use in therapeutic applications.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002845
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Synthetic derivatives of the male hormone, androgen, that promote tissue growth by increasing the metabolic processes involved with protein synthesis and are used to promote weight gain in wasting diseases. They are used by bodybuilders and athletes to increase muscle mass, strength, and stamina.
definition: Synthetic derivatives of the male hormone, androgen, that promote tissue growth by increasing the metabolic processes involved with protein synthesis and are used to promote weight gain in wasting diseases. They are used by bodybuilders and athletes to increase muscle mass, strength, and stamina.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002860
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.
definition: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002871
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration. [HPO:probinson]
definition: A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration. [HPO:probinson]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002873
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Anemia due to a disorder that is persistent or long-standing in nature.
definition: Anemia due to a disorder that is persistent or long-standing in nature.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002874
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Aplastic anemia is a serious disorder of the bone marrow that affects between 2 and 5 persons per million per year. About 75% of these cases are classified as idiopathic (Young, 2000). In about 15% of cases a drug or infection can be identified that precipitates the aplasia, although why only some individuals are susceptible is unclear. In about 5 to 10% of patients, the aplastic anemia is constitutional--i.e., is familial or presents with one or more associated somatic abnormalities (summary by Vulliamy et al., 2002).
definition: Aplastic anemia is a serious disorder of the bone marrow that affects between 2 and 5 persons per million per year. About 75% of these cases are classified as idiopathic (Young, 2000). In about 15% of cases a drug or infection can be identified that precipitates the aplasia, although why only some individuals are susceptible is unclear. In about 5 to 10% of patients, the aplastic anemia is constitutional--i.e., is familial or presents with one or more associated somatic abnormalities (summary by Vulliamy et al., 2002).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002875
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The most severe form of beta thalassemia that is characterized by the lack of functional beta-globin chain production resulting in the absence of hemoglobin A.
definition: The most severe form of beta thalassemia that is characterized by the lack of functional beta-globin chain production resulting in the absence of hemoglobin A.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002876
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is an inherited blood disorder that affects the development of red blood cells. This disorder is one of many types of anemia, which is a condition characterized by a shortage of red blood cells. This shortage prevents the blood from carrying an adequate supply of oxygen to the body's tissues. The resulting symptoms can include tiredness (fatigue), weakness, pale skin, and other complications.Researchers have identified three major types of CDA: type I, type II, and type III. The types have different genetic causes and different but overlapping patterns of signs and symptoms.CDA type I is characterized by moderate to severe anemia. It is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, although in some cases, the condition can be detected before birth. Many affected individuals have yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) and an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly). This condition also causes the body to absorb too much iron, which builds up and can damage tissues and organs. In particular, iron overload can lead to an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia), congestive heart failure, diabetes, and chronic liver disease (cirrhosis). Rarely, people with CDA type I are born with skeletal abnormalities, most often involving the fingers and/or toes.The anemia associated with CDA type II can range from mild to severe, and most affected individuals have jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and the formation of hard deposits in the gallbladder called gallstones. This form of the disorder is usually diagnosed in adolescence or early adulthood. An abnormal buildup of iron typically occurs after age 20, leading to complications including heart disease, diabetes, and cirrhosis.The signs and symptoms of CDA type III tend to be milder than those of the other types. Most affected individuals do not have hepatosplenomegaly, and iron does not build up in tissues and organs. In adulthood, abnormalities of a specialized tissue at the back of the…
definition: Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is an inherited blood disorder that affects the development of red blood cells. This disorder is one of many types of anemia, which is a condition characterized by a shortage of red blood cells. This shortage prevents the blood from carrying an adequate supply of oxygen to the body's tissues. The resulting symptoms can include tiredness (fatigue), weakness, pale skin, and other complications.Researchers have identified three major types of CDA: type I, type II, and type III. The types have different genetic causes and different but overlapping patterns of signs and symptoms.CDA type I is characterized by moderate to severe anemia. It is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, although in some cases, the condition can be detected before birth. Many affected individuals have yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) and an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly). This condition also causes the body to absorb too much iron, which builds up and can damage tissues and organs. In particular, iron overload can lead to an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia), congestive heart failure, diabetes, and chronic liver disease (cirrhosis). Rarely, people with CDA type I are born with skeletal abnormalities, most often involving the fingers and/or toes.The anemia associated with CDA type II can range from mild to severe, and most affected individuals have jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and the formation of hard deposits in the gallbladder called gallstones. This form of the disorder is usually diagnosed in adolescence or early adulthood. An abnormal buildup of iron typically occurs after age 20, leading to complications including heart disease, diabetes, and cirrhosis.The signs and symptoms of CDA type III tend to be milder than those of the other types. Most affected individuals do not have hepatosplenomegaly, and iron does not build up in tissues and organs. In adulthood, abnormalities of a specialized tissue at the back of the…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002878
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).
definition: A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002879
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Hemolytic anemia, the cause of which is not present at birth.
definition: Hemolytic anemia, the cause of which is not present at birth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002880
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.
definition: Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002881
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital hemolytic anemia caused by defects of the erythrocyte membrane, enzyme deficiencies, or hemoglobinopathies.
definition: A congenital hemolytic anemia caused by defects of the erythrocyte membrane, enzyme deficiencies, or hemoglobinopathies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002882
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Any one of a group of congenital hemolytic anemias in which there is no abnormal hemoglobin or spherocytosis and in which there is a defect of glycolysis in the erythrocyte. Common causes include deficiencies in GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE; PYRUVATE KINASE; and GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE.
definition: Any one of a group of congenital hemolytic anemias in which there is no abnormal hemoglobin or spherocytosis and in which there is a defect of glycolysis in the erythrocyte. Common causes include deficiencies in GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE; PYRUVATE KINASE; and GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002884
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of anemia characterized by an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes.
definition: A type of anemia characterized by an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002886
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of anemia characterized by increased size of erythrocytes with increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).
definition: A type of anemia characterized by increased size of erythrocytes with increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002888
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.
definition: A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002890
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Anemia characterized by appearance of immature myeloid and nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood, resulting from infiltration of the bone marrow by foreign or abnormal tissue.
definition: Anemia characterized by appearance of immature myeloid and nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood, resulting from infiltration of the bone marrow by foreign or abnormal tissue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002891
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.
definition: The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002892
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A megaloblastic anemia occurring in children but more commonly in later life, characterized by histamine-fast achlorhydria, in which the laboratory and clinical manifestations are based on malabsorption of vitamin B 12 due to a failure of the gastric mucosa to secrete adequate and potent intrinsic factor. (Dorland, 27th ed)
definition: A megaloblastic anemia occurring in children but more commonly in later life, characterized by histamine-fast achlorhydria, in which the laboratory and clinical manifestations are based on malabsorption of vitamin B 12 due to a failure of the gastric mucosa to secrete adequate and potent intrinsic factor. (Dorland, 27th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002893
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A myelodysplastic syndrome characterized mainly by dysplasia of the erythroid series. Refractory anemia is uncommon. It is primarily a disease of older adults. The median survival exceeds 5 years. (WHO, 2001)
definition: A myelodysplastic syndrome characterized mainly by dysplasia of the erythroid series. Refractory anemia is uncommon. It is primarily a disease of older adults. The median survival exceeds 5 years. (WHO, 2001)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002894
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by the presence of 5-19% myeloblasts in the bone marrow or 2-19% blasts in the peripheral blood. It includes two categories: myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-1 and myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-2.
definition: A myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by the presence of 5-19% myeloblasts in the bone marrow or 2-19% blasts in the peripheral blood. It includes two categories: myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-1 and myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-2.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002895
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by intermittent vaso-occlusive events and chronic hemolytic anemia. Vaso-occlusive events result in tissue ischemia leading to acute and chronic pain as well as organ damage that can affect any organ system, including the bones, spleen, liver, brain, lungs, kidneys, and joints. Dactylitis (pain and/or swelling of the hands or feet) is often the earliest manifestation of SCD. In children, the spleen can become engorged with blood cells in a ""splenic sequestration."" The spleen is particularly vulnerable to infarction and the majority of individuals with SCD who are not on hydroxyurea or transfusion therapy become functionally asplenic in early childhood, increasing their risk for certain types of bacterial infections. Acute chest syndrome is a major cause of mortality in SCD. Chronic hemolysis can result in varying degrees of anemia, jaundice, cholelithiasis, and delayed growth and sexual maturation. Individuals with the highest rates of hemolysis are predisposed to pulmonary artery hypertension, priapism, and leg ulcers but may be relatively protected from vaso-occlusive pain.
definition: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by intermittent vaso-occlusive events and chronic hemolytic anemia. Vaso-occlusive events result in tissue ischemia leading to acute and chronic pain as well as organ damage that can affect any organ system, including the bones, spleen, liver, brain, lungs, kidneys, and joints. Dactylitis (pain and/or swelling of the hands or feet) is often the earliest manifestation of SCD. In children, the spleen can become engorged with blood cells in a ""splenic sequestration."" The spleen is particularly vulnerable to infarction and the majority of individuals with SCD who are not on hydroxyurea or transfusion therapy become functionally asplenic in early childhood, increasing their risk for certain types of bacterial infections. Acute chest syndrome is a major cause of mortality in SCD. Chronic hemolysis can result in varying degrees of anemia, jaundice, cholelithiasis, and delayed growth and sexual maturation. Individuals with the highest rates of hemolysis are predisposed to pulmonary artery hypertension, priapism, and leg ulcers but may be relatively protected from vaso-occlusive pain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002896
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of sideroblastic anemia that is not responsive to treatment.
definition: A type of sideroblastic anemia that is not responsive to treatment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002899
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Anemia resulting from an abnormality of glutathione deficiency.
definition: Anemia resulting from an abnormality of glutathione deficiency.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002902
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Anencephaly is characterized by the absence of cranial vault and brain tissues in the fetus. It is considered an extreme form of neural tube defect (182940) (summary by Singh et al., 2017).
definition: Anencephaly is characterized by the absence of cranial vault and brain tissues in the fetus. It is considered an extreme form of neural tube defect (182940) (summary by Singh et al., 2017).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002904
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.
definition: Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002932
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pharmacological agent that acts in a reversible fashion and can be applied either locally or systemically to cause a partial or total loss of sensation and pain or to induce unconsciousness.
definition: A pharmacological agent that acts in a reversible fashion and can be applied either locally or systemically to cause a partial or total loss of sensation and pain or to induce unconsciousness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002933
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
definition: Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002934
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
definition: Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002937
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A substituted dithiolthione and analog of chemopreventive agent oltipraz. Anethole trithione is a bile secretion-stimulating drug that restores salivation and relieves the discomfort of dry mouth in chemotherapy-induced xerostomia. In addition, this agent has exhibited chemopreventive properties. The mechanism of action for the chemopreventive and xerostomia properties have not been fully elucidated.
definition: A substituted dithiolthione and analog of chemopreventive agent oltipraz. Anethole trithione is a bile secretion-stimulating drug that restores salivation and relieves the discomfort of dry mouth in chemotherapy-induced xerostomia. In addition, this agent has exhibited chemopreventive properties. The mechanism of action for the chemopreventive and xerostomia properties have not been fully elucidated.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002938
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chromosomal abnormality in which there is an addition or loss of chromosomes within a set (e.g., 23 + 22 or 23 + 24).
definition: A chromosomal abnormality in which there is an addition or loss of chromosomes within a set (e.g., 23 + 22 or 23 + 24).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002940
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Abnormal outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of an atery, vein or the heart.
definition: Abnormal outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of an atery, vein or the heart.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002949
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A separation (dissection) of the layers of an artery.
definition: A separation (dissection) of the layers of an artery.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002950
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Aneurysm due to growth of microorganisms in the arterial wall, or infection arising within preexisting arteriosclerotic aneurysms.
definition: Aneurysm due to growth of microorganisms in the arterial wall, or infection arising within preexisting arteriosclerotic aneurysms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002959
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Dilatation of the blood vessels.
definition: Dilatation of the blood vessels.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002962
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Paroxysmal chest pain that occurs with exertion or stress and is related to myocardial ischemia.
definition: Paroxysmal chest pain that occurs with exertion or stress and is related to myocardial ischemia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002963
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.
definition: A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002965
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Angina pectoris (or equivalent type of ischemic discomfort) which has recently changed in frequency, duration, intensity, or occurs at rest.
definition: Angina pectoris (or equivalent type of ischemic discomfort) which has recently changed in frequency, duration, intensity, or occurs at rest.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002982
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Irregular lines in the deep retina that are typically configured in a radiating fashion and emanate from the optic disc. Angioid streaks are crack-like dehiscences in abnormally thickened and calcified Bruch's membrane, resulting in atrophy of the overlying retinal pigment epithelium. They may be associated with a number of endocrine, metabolic, and connective tissue abnormalities but are frequently idiopathic.
definition: Irregular lines in the deep retina that are typically configured in a radiating fashion and emanate from the optic disc. Angioid streaks are crack-like dehiscences in abnormally thickened and calcified Bruch's membrane, resulting in atrophy of the overlying retinal pigment epithelium. They may be associated with a number of endocrine, metabolic, and connective tissue abnormalities but are frequently idiopathic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002985
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A vascular lesion defined histologically as one or more dilated blood vessels lying directly subepidermal and showing an epidermal proliferative reaction. Clinically, angiokeratoma presents as a small, raised, dark-red spot.
definition: A vascular lesion defined histologically as one or more dilated blood vessels lying directly subepidermal and showing an epidermal proliferative reaction. Clinically, angiokeratoma presents as a small, raised, dark-red spot.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002986
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Fabry disease results from deficient activity of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (a-Gal A) and progressive lysosomal deposition of globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) in cells throughout the body. The classic form, occurring in males with less than 1% a-Gal A enzyme activity, usually has its onset in childhood or adolescence with periodic crises of severe pain in the extremities (acroparesthesia), the appearance of vascular cutaneous lesions (angiokeratomas), sweating abnormalities (anhidrosis, hypohidrosis, and rarely hyperhidrosis), characteristic corneal and lenticular opacities, and proteinuria. Gradual deterioration of renal function to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) usually occurs in men in the third to fifth decade. In middle age, most males successfully treated for ESRD develop cardiac and/or cerebrovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Heterozygous females typically have milder symptoms at a later age of onset than males. Rarely, they may be relatively asymptomatic throughout a normal life span or may have symptoms as severe as those observed in males with the classic phenotype. In contrast, males with greater than 1% a-Gal A activity may have: (1) a cardiac variant phenotype that usually presents in the sixth to eighth decade with left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, and proteinuria, but without ESRD; or (2) a renal variant phenotype, associated with ESRD but without the skin lesions or pain; or (3) cerebrovascular disease presenting as stroke or transient ischemic attack.
definition: Fabry disease results from deficient activity of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (a-Gal A) and progressive lysosomal deposition of globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) in cells throughout the body. The classic form, occurring in males with less than 1% a-Gal A enzyme activity, usually has its onset in childhood or adolescence with periodic crises of severe pain in the extremities (acroparesthesia), the appearance of vascular cutaneous lesions (angiokeratomas), sweating abnormalities (anhidrosis, hypohidrosis, and rarely hyperhidrosis), characteristic corneal and lenticular opacities, and proteinuria. Gradual deterioration of renal function to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) usually occurs in men in the third to fifth decade. In middle age, most males successfully treated for ESRD develop cardiac and/or cerebrovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Heterozygous females typically have milder symptoms at a later age of onset than males. Rarely, they may be relatively asymptomatic throughout a normal life span or may have symptoms as severe as those observed in males with the classic phenotype. In contrast, males with greater than 1% a-Gal A activity may have: (1) a cardiac variant phenotype that usually presents in the sixth to eighth decade with left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, and proteinuria, but without ESRD; or (2) a renal variant phenotype, associated with ESRD but without the skin lesions or pain; or (3) cerebrovascular disease presenting as stroke or transient ischemic attack.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002989
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A hemangioma arising from the skin. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.
definition: A hemangioma arising from the skin. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002991
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A solitary, slowly growing, nodular mass, most often affecting the extremities. It is composed of fibrous and histiocytic cells which infiltrate the dermis and occasionally the underlying subcutaneous tissue. Usually local excision is curative. Recurrences are reported only in a small minority of cases.
definition: A solitary, slowly growing, nodular mass, most often affecting the extremities. It is composed of fibrous and histiocytic cells which infiltrate the dermis and occasionally the underlying subcutaneous tissue. Usually local excision is curative. Recurrences are reported only in a small minority of cases.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002992
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign diffuse vascular proliferation usually occurring in young adults. It is characterized by the formation of capillary-sized and cavernous vascular spaces. Patients present with diffuse persistent swelling.
definition: A benign diffuse vascular proliferation usually occurring in young adults. It is characterized by the formation of capillary-sized and cavernous vascular spaces. Patients present with diffuse persistent swelling.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0002994
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Rapid swelling (edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues of the skin of the face, normally around the mouth, and the mucosa of the mouth and/or throat, as well as the tongue during a period of minutes to several hours. The swelling can also occur elsewhere, typically in the hands. Angioedema is similar to urticaria, but the swelling is subcutaneous rather than on the epidermis.
definition: Rapid swelling (edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues of the skin of the face, normally around the mouth, and the mucosa of the mouth and/or throat, as well as the tongue during a period of minutes to several hours. The swelling can also occur elsewhere, typically in the hands. Angioedema is similar to urticaria, but the swelling is subcutaneous rather than on the epidermis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003001
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction.
definition: The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003009
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.
definition: An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003015
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.
definition: A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003018
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. These include angiotensins derived naturally from precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, and those synthesized.
definition: Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. These include angiotensins derived naturally from precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, and those synthesized.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003028
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Inability to sweat.
definition: Inability to sweat.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003036
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SPN
  definition: Dye and chemical solution stains for medical purposes are mixtures of synthetic or natural dyes or nondye chemicals in solutions used in staining cells and tissues for diagnostic histopathology, cytopathology, or hematology.
definition: Dye and chemical solution stains for medical purposes are mixtures of synthetic or natural dyes or nondye chemicals in solutions used in staining cells and tissues for diagnostic histopathology, cytopathology, or hematology.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003040
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An alkylating mustard with antineoplastic activity. Aniline mustard forms covalent linkages with nucleophilic centers, resulting in depurination, base miscoding and strand scission, and crosslinking of DNA strands, all of which contribute to its cytotoxicity. (NCI04)
definition: An alkylating mustard with antineoplastic activity. Aniline mustard forms covalent linkages with nucleophilic centers, resulting in depurination, base miscoding and strand scission, and crosslinking of DNA strands, all of which contribute to its cytotoxicity. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003047
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.
definition: Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003076
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Aniridia is an eye disorder characterized by a complete or partial absence of the colored part of the eye (the iris). These iris abnormalities may cause the pupils to be abnormal or misshapen. Aniridia can cause reduction in the sharpness of vision (visual acuity) and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia).People with aniridia can also have other eye problems. Increased pressure in the eye (glaucoma) typically appears in late childhood or early adolescence. Clouding of the lens of the eye (cataracts), occur in 50 percent to 85 percent of people with aniridia. In about 10 percent of affected people, the structures that carry information from the eyes to the brain (optic nerves) are underdeveloped. Individuals with aniridia may also have involuntary eye movements (nystagmus) or underdevelopment of the region at the back of the eye responsible for sharp central vision (foveal hypoplasia). Many of these eye problems contribute to progressive vision loss in affected individuals. The severity of symptoms is typically the same in both eyes.Rarely, people with aniridia have behavioral problems, developmental delay, and problems detecting odors.
definition: Aniridia is an eye disorder characterized by a complete or partial absence of the colored part of the eye (the iris). These iris abnormalities may cause the pupils to be abnormal or misshapen. Aniridia can cause reduction in the sharpness of vision (visual acuity) and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia).People with aniridia can also have other eye problems. Increased pressure in the eye (glaucoma) typically appears in late childhood or early adolescence. Clouding of the lens of the eye (cataracts), occur in 50 percent to 85 percent of people with aniridia. In about 10 percent of affected people, the structures that carry information from the eyes to the brain (optic nerves) are underdeveloped. Individuals with aniridia may also have involuntary eye movements (nystagmus) or underdevelopment of the region at the back of the eye responsible for sharp central vision (foveal hypoplasia). Many of these eye problems contribute to progressive vision loss in affected individuals. The severity of symptoms is typically the same in both eyes.Rarely, people with aniridia have behavioral problems, developmental delay, and problems detecting odors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003078
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs in size and shape from that seen by the other.
definition: A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs in size and shape from that seen by the other.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003079
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Anisocoria, or unequal pupil size, may represent a benign physiologic variant or a manifestation of disease.
definition: Anisocoria, or unequal pupil size, may represent a benign physiologic variant or a manifestation of disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003081
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition of an inequality of refractive power of the two eyes.
definition: A condition of an inequality of refractive power of the two eyes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003090
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A reduction of joint mobility resulting from changes involving the articular surfaces.
definition: A reduction of joint mobility resulting from changes involving the articular surfaces.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003113
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. The individual is able to describe the object in question, but cannot provide the name. This condition is associated with lesions of the dominant hemisphere involving the language areas, in particular the TEMPORAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p484)
definition: A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. The individual is able to describe the object in question, but cannot provide the name. This condition is associated with lesions of the dominant hemisphere involving the language areas, in particular the TEMPORAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p484)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003119
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare congenital abnormality characterized by the complete absence of ocular tissue in the orbit.
definition: A rare congenital abnormality characterized by the complete absence of ocular tissue in the orbit.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003123
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A lack or loss of appetite for food (as a medical condition).
definition: A lack or loss of appetite for food (as a medical condition).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003125
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder most often seen in adolescent females characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, a disturbance in body image, and, in postmenarcheal females, the development of amenorrhea.
definition: A disorder most often seen in adolescent females characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, a disturbance in body image, and, in postmenarcheal females, the development of amenorrhea.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003126
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Absence of the sense of smell. (Dorland, 27th ed)
definition: Absence of the sense of smell. (Dorland, 27th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003128
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.
definition: Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003130
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Absence or reduction of oxygen in body tissue.
definition: Absence or reduction of oxygen in body tissue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003138
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Natural or synthetic compounds or mixtures, Antiacid Preparations such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, and phosphate salts act as proton acceptors, neutralizing the acidity of a biologic environment (skin, gastric content, urine, etc.) and raising the pH. These agents are used topically or systemically for management of metabolic acidosis, improved muscle contraction, and hyper-acidic conditions (preventing, counteracting, or neutralizing stomach acidity). (NCI04)
definition: Natural or synthetic compounds or mixtures, Antiacid Preparations such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, and phosphate salts act as proton acceptors, neutralizing the acidity of a biologic environment (skin, gastric content, urine, etc.) and raising the pH. These agents are used topically or systemically for management of metabolic acidosis, improved muscle contraction, and hyper-acidic conditions (preventing, counteracting, or neutralizing stomach acidity). (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003143
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.
definition: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003144
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The phosphate salt of antazoline, an ethylenediamine derivative with histamine H1 antagonistic and sedative properties. Antazoline antagonizes histamine H1 receptor and prevents the typical allergic symptoms caused by histamine activities on capillaries, skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal and bronchial smooth muscles. These histamine activities include vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, pain, itching, and spasmodic contractions of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Antazoline is used to provide symptomatic relieve of allergic symptoms.
definition: The phosphate salt of antazoline, an ethylenediamine derivative with histamine H1 antagonistic and sedative properties. Antazoline antagonizes histamine H1 receptor and prevents the typical allergic symptoms caused by histamine activities on capillaries, skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal and bronchial smooth muscles. These histamine activities include vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, pain, itching, and spasmodic contractions of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Antazoline is used to provide symptomatic relieve of allergic symptoms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003152
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Rapid swelling, increased tension, pain, and ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, often following excessive PHYSICAL EXERTION.
definition: Rapid swelling, increased tension, pain, and ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, often following excessive PHYSICAL EXERTION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003158
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pharmacological agent that can kill or prevent the reproduction of parasitic helminths, including nematodes, flukes and tapeworms.
definition: A pharmacological agent that can kill or prevent the reproduction of parasitic helminths, including nematodes, flukes and tapeworms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003164
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of dust that contains both CARBON and crystalline SILICON DIOXIDE. These foreign matters induce fibrous nodule formation in the lung.
definition: A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of dust that contains both CARBON and crystalline SILICON DIOXIDE. These foreign matters induce fibrous nodule formation in the lung.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003165
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chronic lung disorder characterized by deposition of coal dust in the lung parenchyma leading to the formation of black nodules and emphysema. It occurs in coal miners.
definition: A chronic lung disorder characterized by deposition of coal dust in the lung parenchyma leading to the formation of black nodules and emphysema. It occurs in coal miners.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003166
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A natural anthraquinone derivative, anti-psoriatic and anti-inflammatory Anthralin (dithranol) controls skin growth by reducing DNA synthesis and mitotic activity in the hyperplastic epidermis, restoring a normal rate of cell proliferation and keratinization. Used topically in the treatment of psoriasis, dermatoses, and alopecia areata, it is also used in biomedical research due to its effect on EGFR autophosphorylation. (NCI04)
definition: A natural anthraquinone derivative, anti-psoriatic and anti-inflammatory Anthralin (dithranol) controls skin growth by reducing DNA synthesis and mitotic activity in the hyperplastic epidermis, restoring a normal rate of cell proliferation and keratinization. Used topically in the treatment of psoriasis, dermatoses, and alopecia areata, it is also used in biomedical research due to its effect on EGFR autophosphorylation. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003174
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A substance that is based on the structure of anthraquinone and inhibits topoisomerase-II by intercalating into the DNA double strand.
definition: A substance that is based on the structure of anthraquinone and inhibits topoisomerase-II by intercalating into the DNA double strand.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003175
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.
definition: An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003191
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that are used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
definition: Drugs that are used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003195
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.
definition: Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003204
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pharmacological agent that can kill or prevent the reproduction of infectious organisms.
definition: A pharmacological agent that can kill or prevent the reproduction of infectious organisms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003205
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.
definition: Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003207
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pharmacological agent that can kill or prevent the reproduction of organisms that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs).
definition: A pharmacological agent that can kill or prevent the reproduction of organisms that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003209
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.
definition: Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003211
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pharmacological agent that is not a steroid and has potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-platelet activities. Most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) act by inhibiting the conversion of arachidonic acid to the precursors of prostaglandin and thromboxane by cyclooxygenase enzymes.
definition: A pharmacological agent that is not a steroid and has potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-platelet activities. Most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) act by inhibiting the conversion of arachidonic acid to the precursors of prostaglandin and thromboxane by cyclooxygenase enzymes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003216
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Natural or synthetic Anti-ulcer Agents relieve and reduce the symptoms of ulcers in the stomach and upper small intestine, systemically and locally, by reducing gastric secretion (proton pump inhibitors), neutralizing hyperacidity (alkalinizing agents), or improving healing and protecting the mucosa (sucralfate). Recurrent gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infections are treated with antibiotic therapy.
definition: Natural or synthetic Anti-ulcer Agents relieve and reduce the symptoms of ulcers in the stomach and upper small intestine, systemically and locally, by reducing gastric secretion (proton pump inhibitors), neutralizing hyperacidity (alkalinizing agents), or improving healing and protecting the mucosa (sucralfate). Recurrent gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infections are treated with antibiotic therapy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003241
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A type of protein made by B lymphocytes in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody only binds to a specific antigen, helping to destroy the antigen directly or by assisting white blood cells to destroy the antigen.
definition: A type of protein made by B lymphocytes in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody only binds to a specific antigen, helping to destroy the antigen directly or by assisting white blood cells to destroy the antigen.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003251
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Immunoglobulins induced by antigens specific for tumors other than the normally occurring HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS.
definition: Immunoglobulins induced by antigens specific for tumors other than the normally occurring HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003255
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of ""avidity,"" which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.
definition: A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of ""avidity,"" which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003259
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diversity is accounted for by three main theories: (1) the Germ Line Theory, which holds that each antibody-producing cell has genes coding for all possible antibody specificities, but expresses only the one stimulated by antigen; (2) the Somatic Mutation Theory, which holds that antibody-producing cells contain only a few genes, which produce antibody diversity by mutation; and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.
definition: The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diversity is accounted for by three main theories: (1) the Germ Line Theory, which holds that each antibody-producing cell has genes coding for all possible antibody specificities, but expresses only the one stimulated by antigen; (2) the Somatic Mutation Theory, which holds that antibody-producing cells contain only a few genes, which produce antibody diversity by mutation; and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003264
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.
definition: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003276
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents used to treat tapeworm infestations in man or animals.
definition: Agents used to treat tapeworm infestations in man or animals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003277
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Substances used to lower plasma CHOLESTEROL levels.
definition: Substances used to lower plasma CHOLESTEROL levels.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003280
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that prevent BLOOD CLOTTING.
definition: Agents that prevent BLOOD CLOTTING.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003286
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.
definition: Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003289
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pharmacological agent that acts on neurotransmitter signaling pathways to alleviate the symptoms of depression.
definition: A pharmacological agent that acts on neurotransmitter signaling pathways to alleviate the symptoms of depression.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003290
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Mood-stimulating agents which contain a tricyclic structure and are used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. This group of agents appear to act through brain catecholamine systems.
definition: Mood-stimulating agents which contain a tricyclic structure and are used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. This group of agents appear to act through brain catecholamine systems.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003292
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pharmacological agent that may ameliorate the symptoms of diarrhetic illnesses.
definition: A pharmacological agent that may ameliorate the symptoms of diarrhetic illnesses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003295
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.
definition: Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003297
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pharmacological agent that prevents nausea and/or vomiting.
definition: A pharmacological agent that prevents nausea and/or vomiting.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003304
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. Several endogenous antiplasmins are known. The drugs are used to control massive hemorrhage and in other coagulation disorders.
definition: Agents that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. Several endogenous antiplasmins are known. The drugs are used to control massive hemorrhage and in other coagulation disorders.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003305
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Natural or synthetic compounds usually administered orally, Antiflatulent Agents relieve or prevent flatulence, excess gas in the stomach and intestines, by adsorbing the gas, stimulating intestinal elimination of gas, or preventing gas formation. Alpha-galactosidase and activated charcoal are used against flatulence. (NCI04)
definition: Natural or synthetic compounds usually administered orally, Antiflatulent Agents relieve or prevent flatulence, excess gas in the stomach and intestines, by adsorbing the gas, stimulating intestinal elimination of gas, or preventing gas formation. Alpha-galactosidase and activated charcoal are used against flatulence. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003306
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents used to prevent the formation of foam or to treat flatulence or bloat.
definition: Agents used to prevent the formation of foam or to treat flatulence or bloat.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003308
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
definition: Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003314
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.
definition: The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003319
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Change in the surface ANTIGEN of a microorganism. There are two different types. One is a phenomenon, especially associated with INFLUENZA VIRUSES, where they undergo spontaneous variation both as slow antigenic drift and sudden emergence of new strains (antigenic shift). The second type is when certain PARASITES, especially trypanosomes, PLASMODIUM, and BORRELIA, survive the immune response of the host by changing the surface coat (antigen switching). (From Herbert et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 4th ed)
definition: Change in the surface ANTIGEN of a microorganism. There are two different types. One is a phenomenon, especially associated with INFLUENZA VIRUSES, where they undergo spontaneous variation both as slow antigenic drift and sudden emergence of new strains (antigenic shift). The second type is when certain PARASITES, especially trypanosomes, PLASMODIUM, and BORRELIA, survive the immune response of the host by changing the surface coat (antigen switching). (From Herbert et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 4th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003364
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any substance used in the treatment of acute or chronic hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Antihypertensive agents include diuretics, alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, ganglionic blockers, and vasodilator agents.
definition: Any substance used in the treatment of acute or chronic hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Antihypertensive agents include diuretics, alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, ganglionic blockers, and vasodilator agents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003372
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Immunoglobulins raised xenogeneically against lymphocyte populations. It is used both as a test for histocompatibility and in conjunction with other immunosuppressive agents to suppress rejection of grafts or organ transplants.
definition: Immunoglobulins raised xenogeneically against lymphocyte populations. It is used both as a test for histocompatibility and in conjunction with other immunosuppressive agents to suppress rejection of grafts or organ transplants.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003374
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)
definition: Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003376
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An antineoplastic agent with a structural similarity to a natural substance that can replace that substance in a normal biochemical pathway and interfere with the normal metabolic processes of cells.
definition: An antineoplastic agent with a structural similarity to a natural substance that can replace that substance in a normal biochemical pathway and interfere with the normal metabolic processes of cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003377
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.
definition: Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003379
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that arrest cells in MITOSIS, most notably TUBULIN MODULATORS.
definition: Agents that arrest cells in MITOSIS, most notably TUBULIN MODULATORS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003382
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects.
definition: A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003383
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.
definition: Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003385
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that bind to but do not activate MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous ACETYLCHOLINE or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system.
definition: Drugs that bind to but do not activate MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous ACETYLCHOLINE or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003391
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice.
definition: Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003392
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A substance that inhibits the maturation, growth or spread of tumor cells.
definition: A substance that inhibits the maturation, growth or spread of tumor cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003394
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.
definition: Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003402
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A group of organic or inorganic substances capable of preventing the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of free-radical compounds. Antioxidants bind to and neutralize ('scavenge') free radicals, thereby transforming them into non-toxic compounds and blocking their genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. This class of agents includes the vitamins C and E, the carotenoids, and selenium. Organic antioxidants are found in high concentrations in fruits, seeds and vegetables. (NCI04)
definition: A group of organic or inorganic substances capable of preventing the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of free-radical compounds. Antioxidants bind to and neutralize ('scavenge') free radicals, thereby transforming them into non-toxic compounds and blocking their genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. This class of agents includes the vitamins C and E, the carotenoids, and selenium. Organic antioxidants are found in high concentrations in fruits, seeds and vegetables. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003403
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.
definition: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003404
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any agent that is effective against infections caused by parasitic organisms and is able to inhibit their growth or kill them. This class consists of anthelmintics and antiprotozoals.
definition: Any agent that is effective against infections caused by parasitic organisms and is able to inhibit their growth or kill them. This class consists of anthelmintics and antiprotozoals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003405
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopaminergic system in the striatum and basal ganglia or are centrally acting muscarinic antagonists.
definition: Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopaminergic system in the striatum and basal ganglia or are centrally acting muscarinic antagonists.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003410
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A member of the serpin superfamily found in plasma that inhibits the lysis of fibrin clots which are induced by plasminogen activator. It is a glycoprotein, molecular weight approximately 70,000 that migrates in the alpha 2 region in immunoelectrophoresis. It is the principal plasmin inactivator in blood, rapidly forming a very stable complex with plasmin.
definition: A member of the serpin superfamily found in plasma that inhibits the lysis of fibrin clots which are induced by plasminogen activator. It is a glycoprotein, molecular weight approximately 70,000 that migrates in the alpha 2 region in immunoelectrophoresis. It is the principal plasmin inactivator in blood, rapidly forming a very stable complex with plasmin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003414
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents used to treat cestode, trematode, or other flatworm infestations in man or animals.
definition: Agents used to treat cestode, trematode, or other flatworm infestations in man or animals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003416
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pharmacological agent that can kill or prevent the reproduction of parasitic protozoans.
definition: A pharmacological agent that can kill or prevent the reproduction of parasitic protozoans.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003417
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents, usually topical, that relieve itching (pruritus).
definition: Agents, usually topical, that relieve itching (pruritus).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003419
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that are used to reduce body temperature in fever.
definition: Drugs that are used to reduce body temperature in fever.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003420
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29)
definition: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003429
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents used to prevent or reverse the pathological events leading to sickling of erythrocytes in sickle cell conditions.
definition: Agents used to prevent or reverse the pathological events leading to sickling of erythrocytes in sickle cell conditions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003431
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that is manifested in childhood or early adolescence. (adapted from DSM-IV)
definition: A disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that is manifested in childhood or early adolescence. (adapted from DSM-IV)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003433
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents, either mechanical or chemical, which destroy spermatozoa in the male genitalia and block spermatogenesis.
definition: Agents, either mechanical or chemical, which destroy spermatozoa in the male genitalia and block spermatogenesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003438
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A plasma alpha 2 glycoprotein that accounts for the major antithrombin activity of normal plasma and also inhibits several other enzymes. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.
definition: A plasma alpha 2 glycoprotein that accounts for the major antithrombin activity of normal plasma and also inhibits several other enzymes. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003440
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Endogenous factors and drugs that directly inhibit the action of THROMBIN, usually by blocking its enzymatic activity. They are distinguished from INDIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITORS, such as HEPARIN, which act by enhancing the inhibitory effects of antithrombins.
definition: Endogenous factors and drugs that directly inhibit the action of THROMBIN, usually by blocking its enzymatic activity. They are distinguished from INDIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITORS, such as HEPARIN, which act by enhancing the inhibitory effects of antithrombins.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003442
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A purified gamma immunoglobulin (IgG) with immunosuppressive activity. Obtained from animals that have been immunized with human thymocytes, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) specifically recognizes and destroys T lymphocytes. Although not completely understood, the mechanism of action appears to involve T lymphocyte clearance from the circulation and modulation of T lymphocyte activity. Administering ATG with chemotherapy prior to stem cell transplantation may reduce the risk of graft-versus-host (GVH) disease.
definition: A purified gamma immunoglobulin (IgG) with immunosuppressive activity. Obtained from animals that have been immunized with human thymocytes, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) specifically recognizes and destroys T lymphocytes. Although not completely understood, the mechanism of action appears to involve T lymphocyte clearance from the circulation and modulation of T lymphocyte activity. Administering ATG with chemotherapy prior to stem cell transplantation may reduce the risk of graft-versus-host (GVH) disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003445
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.
definition: Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003446
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents used to treat infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA. This includes SYPHILIS & YAWS.
definition: Agents used to treat infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA. This includes SYPHILIS & YAWS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003447
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents used to treat trichomonas infections.
definition: Agents used to treat trichomonas infections.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003448
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any agent that is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can be used in the treatment of or in the prevention of tuberculosis.
definition: Any agent that is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can be used in the treatment of or in the prevention of tuberculosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003449
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.
definition: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003450
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS.
definition: Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003451
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
definition: Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003460
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.
definition: Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003462
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anal canal or anal margin. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hemorrhoids and anal ulcer. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anal canal or anal margin. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hemorrhoids and anal ulcer. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003463
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anal canal or anal margin. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include squamous papilloma and papillary hidradenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anal canal or anal margin. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include squamous papilloma and papillary hidradenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003466
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A congenital abnormality characterized by the persistence of the anal membrane, resulting in a thin membrane covering the normal ANAL CANAL. Imperforation is not always complete and is treated by surgery in infancy. This defect is often associated with NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS; MENTAL RETARDATION; and DOWN SYNDROME.
definition: A congenital abnormality characterized by the persistence of the anal membrane, resulting in a thin membrane covering the normal ANAL CANAL. Imperforation is not always complete and is treated by surgery in infancy. This defect is often associated with NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS; MENTAL RETARDATION; and DOWN SYNDROME.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003467
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Apprehension of danger and dread accompanied by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and dyspnea unattached to a clearly identifiable stimulus.
definition: Apprehension of danger and dread accompanied by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and dyspnea unattached to a clearly identifiable stimulus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003469
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by anxious feelings or fear often accompanied by physical symptoms associated with anxiety.
definition: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by anxious feelings or fear often accompanied by physical symptoms associated with anxiety.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003476
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Anxiety due to fantasized injuries to or loss of the genitals.
definition: Anxiety due to fantasized injuries to or loss of the genitals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003477
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent excessive distress due to fear of separation from the home or from major attachment figures; the distress is developmentally inappropriate and causes impairment in social, academic, or other areas of functioning.
definition: An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent excessive distress due to fear of separation from the home or from major attachment figures; the distress is developmentally inappropriate and causes impairment in social, academic, or other areas of functioning.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003486
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sac formation resulting from the localized dilatation of the wall of the aorta.
definition: A sac formation resulting from the localized dilatation of the wall of the aorta.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003490
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A syndrome resulting from structural defects of the arteries that arise from the aortic arch. Signs and symptoms include weakness, dizziness, arm numbness, blurred vision and transient ischemic attacks.
definition: A syndrome resulting from structural defects of the arteries that arise from the aortic arch. Signs and symptoms include weakness, dizziness, arm numbness, blurred vision and transient ischemic attacks.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003492
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.
definition: A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003493
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.
definition: Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003496
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Tearing of the aortic wall generally associated with profuse internal bleeding. []
definition: Tearing of the aortic wall generally associated with profuse internal bleeding. []

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003499
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is a heart defect that develops before birth. This defect is a narrowing (stenosis) of the large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body (the aorta). The condition is described as supravalvular because the section of the aorta that is narrowed is located just above the valve that connects the aorta with the heart (the aortic valve). Some people with SVAS also have defects in other blood vessels, most commonly stenosis of the artery from the heart to the lungs (the pulmonary artery). An abnormal heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur) can often be heard during a chest exam. If SVAS is not treated, the aortic narrowing can lead to shortness of breath, chest pain, and ultimately heart failure.The severity of SVAS varies considerably, even among family members. Some affected individuals die in infancy, while others never experience symptoms of the disorder.
definition: Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is a heart defect that develops before birth. This defect is a narrowing (stenosis) of the large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body (the aorta). The condition is described as supravalvular because the section of the aorta that is narrowed is located just above the valve that connects the aorta with the heart (the aortic valve). Some people with SVAS also have defects in other blood vessels, most commonly stenosis of the artery from the heart to the lungs (the pulmonary artery). An abnormal heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur) can often be heard during a chest exam. If SVAS is not treated, the aortic narrowing can lead to shortness of breath, chest pain, and ultimately heart failure.The severity of SVAS varies considerably, even among family members. Some affected individuals die in infancy, while others never experience symptoms of the disorder.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003504
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An insufficiency of the aortic valve, leading to regurgitation (backward flow) of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.
definition: An insufficiency of the aortic valve, leading to regurgitation (backward flow) of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003505
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Aortic valve prolapse can be diagnosed when either or both of the right or non-coronary aortic valve cusps (seen in the cross sectional echocardiographic long axis view) show backward bowing towards the left ventricle beyond a line joining the points of attachment of the aortic valve leaflets to the annulus. [PMID:4015927]
definition: Aortic valve prolapse can be diagnosed when either or both of the right or non-coronary aortic valve cusps (seen in the cross sectional echocardiographic long axis view) show backward bowing towards the left ventricle beyond a line joining the points of attachment of the aortic valve leaflets to the annulus. [PMID:4015927]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003507
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.
definition: A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003509
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the aorta. Causes include trauma, infectious disorders, and connective tissue disorders.
definition: Inflammation of the aorta. Causes include trauma, infectious disorders, and connective tissue disorders.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003516
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A congenital anomaly with an abnormal connection between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery resulting in an aortopulmonary shunt.
definition: A congenital anomaly with an abnormal connection between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery resulting in an aortopulmonary shunt.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003524
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.
definition: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003534
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Absence of the crystalline lens of the eye as a result of a developmental defect. [HPO:probinson]
definition: Absence of the crystalline lens of the eye as a result of a developmental defect. [HPO:probinson]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003537
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.
definition: A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003550
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An aphasia characterized by impairment of expressive LANGUAGE (speech, writing, signs) and relative preservation of receptive language abilities (i.e., comprehension). This condition is caused by lesions of the motor association cortex in the FRONTAL LOBE (BROCA AREA and adjacent cortical and white matter regions).
definition: An aphasia characterized by impairment of expressive LANGUAGE (speech, writing, signs) and relative preservation of receptive language abilities (i.e., comprehension). This condition is caused by lesions of the motor association cortex in the FRONTAL LOBE (BROCA AREA and adjacent cortical and white matter regions).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003564
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A term referring to the inability to speak. It may result from injuries to the vocal cords or may be functional (psychogenic).
definition: A term referring to the inability to speak. It may result from injuries to the vocal cords or may be functional (psychogenic).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003578
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.
definition: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003596
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.
definition: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003614
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the appendix.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the appendix.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003615
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.
definition: Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003620
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that are used to suppress appetite.
definition: Agents that are used to suppress appetite.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003635
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A defect in the understanding of complex motor commands and in the execution of certain learned movements, i.e., deficits in the cognitive components of learned movements.
definition: A defect in the understanding of complex motor commands and in the execution of certain learned movements, i.e., deficits in the cognitive components of learned movements.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003639
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.
definition: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003641
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A single chain polypeptide isolated from bovine lung with antifibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory activities. As a broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitor, aprotinin bovine competitively and reversibly inhibits the activity of a number of different esterases and proteases, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator, and tissue and leukocytic proteinases, resulting in attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR), fibrinolysis, and thrombin generation. This agent also inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine release and maintains glycoprotein homeostasis.
definition: A single chain polypeptide isolated from bovine lung with antifibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory activities. As a broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitor, aprotinin bovine competitively and reversibly inhibits the activity of a number of different esterases and proteases, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator, and tissue and leukocytic proteinases, resulting in attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR), fibrinolysis, and thrombin generation. This agent also inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine release and maintains glycoprotein homeostasis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003645
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CHV
  definition: name of a chemical compound
definition: name of a chemical compound

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003650
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A general term collectively applied to tumors associated with the APUD CELLS series, irrespective of their specific identification.
definition: A general term collectively applied to tumors associated with the APUD CELLS series, irrespective of their specific identification.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003674
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A phosphate salt form of vidarabine, a nucleoside analog with activity against herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus. Vidarabine is converted to a monophosphate by viral thymidine kinase and is further modified to a triphosphate form by host enzymes. Vidarabine triphosphate directly inhibits DNA polymerase and also acts as a chain terminator in DNA replication.
definition: A phosphate salt form of vidarabine, a nucleoside analog with activity against herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus. Vidarabine is converted to a monophosphate by viral thymidine kinase and is further modified to a triphosphate form by host enzymes. Vidarabine triphosphate directly inhibits DNA polymerase and also acts as a chain terminator in DNA replication.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003676
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A triphosphate nucleotide analog that is the metabolized, biologically active form of cytarabine. This metabolite is a competitive inhibitor of DNA synthesis.
definition: A triphosphate nucleotide analog that is the metabolized, biologically active form of cytarabine. This metabolite is a competitive inhibitor of DNA synthesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003706
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Abnormally long and slender fingers (""spider fingers"").
definition: Abnormally long and slender fingers (""spider fingers"").

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003708
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acute or chronic inflammation of the arachnoid membrane of the meninges most often involving the spinal cord or base of the brain. This term generally refers to a persistent inflammatory process characterized by thickening of the ARACHNOID membrane and dural adhesions. Associated conditions include prior surgery, infections, trauma, SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, and chemical irritation. Clinical features vary with the site of inflammation, but include cranial neuropathies, radiculopathies, and myelopathies. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch48, p25)
definition: Acute or chronic inflammation of the arachnoid membrane of the meninges most often involving the spinal cord or base of the brain. This term generally refers to a persistent inflammatory process characterized by thickening of the ARACHNOID membrane and dural adhesions. Associated conditions include prior surgery, infections, trauma, SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, and chemical irritation. Clinical features vary with the site of inflammation, but include cranial neuropathies, radiculopathies, and myelopathies. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch48, p25)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003719
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and can inhibit the growth of experimental tumors.
definition: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and can inhibit the growth of experimental tumors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003721
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A group of viral illnesses that are vectored by arthropods, and that are characterized by increased susceptibility to bleeding diatheses.
definition: A group of viral illnesses that are vectored by arthropods, and that are characterized by increased susceptibility to bleeding diatheses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003723
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A viral infection that is transmitted by an arthropod.
definition: A viral infection that is transmitted by an arthropod.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003742
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A corneal disease in which there is a deposition of phospholipid and cholesterol in the corneal stroma and anterior sclera.
definition: A corneal disease in which there is a deposition of phospholipid and cholesterol in the corneal stroma and anterior sclera.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003753
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.
definition: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003756
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Virus diseases caused by the ARENAVIRIDAE.
definition: Virus diseases caused by the ARENAVIRIDAE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003765
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An essential amino acid in juvenile humans, Arginine is a complex amino acid, often found at active site in proteins and enzymes due to its amine-containing side chain. Arginine may prevent or treat heart and circulatory diseases, combat fatigue, and stimulate the immune system. It also boosts production of nitric oxide, relaxing blood vessels, and treating angina and other cardiovascular problems. Arginine is also an important intermediate in the urea cycle and in detoxification of nitrogenous wastes. (NCI04)
definition: An essential amino acid in juvenile humans, Arginine is a complex amino acid, often found at active site in proteins and enzymes due to its amine-containing side chain. Arginine may prevent or treat heart and circulatory diseases, combat fatigue, and stimulate the immune system. It also boosts production of nitric oxide, relaxing blood vessels, and treating angina and other cardiovascular problems. Arginine is also an important intermediate in the urea cycle and in detoxification of nitrogenous wastes. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003779
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.
definition: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003801
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A reversible organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It also affects the presynaptic membrane and inhibits membrane postsynaptic cholinergic receptors. The compound had former use as a miotic.
definition: A reversible organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It also affects the presynaptic membrane and inhibits membrane postsynaptic cholinergic receptors. The compound had former use as a miotic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003803
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of congenital malformations involving the brainstem, cerebellum, upper spinal cord, and surrounding bony structures. Type II is the most common, and features compression of the medulla and cerebellar tonsils into the upper cervical spinal canal and an associated MENINGOMYELOCELE. Type I features similar, but less severe malformations and is without an associated meningomyelocele. Type III has the features of type II with an additional herniation of the entire cerebellum through the bony defect involving the foramen magnum, forming an ENCEPHALOCELE. Type IV is a form a cerebellar hypoplasia. Clinical manifestations of types I-III include TORTICOLLIS; opisthotonus; HEADACHE; VERTIGO; VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS; APNEA; NYSTAGMUS, CONGENITAL; swallowing difficulties; and ATAXIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p261; Davis, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp236-46)
definition: A group of congenital malformations involving the brainstem, cerebellum, upper spinal cord, and surrounding bony structures. Type II is the most common, and features compression of the medulla and cerebellar tonsils into the upper cervical spinal canal and an associated MENINGOMYELOCELE. Type I features similar, but less severe malformations and is without an associated meningomyelocele. Type III has the features of type II with an additional herniation of the entire cerebellum through the bony defect involving the foramen magnum, forming an ENCEPHALOCELE. Type IV is a form a cerebellar hypoplasia. Clinical manifestations of types I-III include TORTICOLLIS; opisthotonus; HEADACHE; VERTIGO; VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS; APNEA; NYSTAGMUS, CONGENITAL; swallowing difficulties; and ATAXIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p261; Davis, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp236-46)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003810
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant sex cord-stromal tumor arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic Leydig cells. Signs and symptoms include hirsutism, menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. It may be associated with trisomy 8.
definition: A benign or malignant sex cord-stromal tumor arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic Leydig cells. Signs and symptoms include hirsutism, menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. It may be associated with trisomy 8.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003811
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: A disorder in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the heart.
definition: A disorder in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the heart.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003813
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An electrocardiographic finding in which the sinus rate fluctuates with the respiratory cycle. (CDISC)
definition: An electrocardiographic finding in which the sinus rate fluctuates with the respiratory cycle. (CDISC)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003814
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.
definition: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003815
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Proposed chemotherapeutic agent against filaria and trichomonas.
definition: Proposed chemotherapeutic agent against filaria and trichomonas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003818
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
definition: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003825
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An organoarsenic compound that was commonly used for treating SYPHILIS and other diseases.
definition: An organoarsenic compound that was commonly used for treating SYPHILIS and other diseases.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003830
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The hydrochloride salt form of trihexyphenidyl, a synthetic, substituted piperidine with parasympatholytic activity used mostly in Parkinson's disease. Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride antagonizes activities of acetylcholine via muscarinic receptors. This balances the cholinergic and dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia leading to an improvement of classic Parkinson symptoms such as rigidity and tremor. In addition, trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride exerts a direct antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle.
definition: The hydrochloride salt form of trihexyphenidyl, a synthetic, substituted piperidine with parasympatholytic activity used mostly in Parkinson's disease. Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride antagonizes activities of acetylcholine via muscarinic receptors. This balances the cholinergic and dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia leading to an improvement of classic Parkinson symptoms such as rigidity and tremor. In addition, trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride exerts a direct antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003834
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition in which there is inadequate blood flow through an artery.
definition: A condition in which there is inadequate blood flow through an artery.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003838
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.
definition: Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003843
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal communication between two ARTERIES that may result from injury or occur as a congenital abnormality.
definition: Abnormal communication between two ARTERIES that may result from injury or occur as a congenital abnormality.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003850
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A vascular disorder characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries.
definition: A vascular disorder characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003851
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.
definition: Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003855
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormal connection between an artery and vein.
definition: An abnormal connection between an artery and vein.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003857
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.
definition: Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003860
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An inflammatory process affecting an artery.
definition: An inflammatory process affecting an artery.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003862
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Joint pain.
definition: Joint pain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003864
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.
definition: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003868
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints.
definition: Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003869
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Arthritis caused by BACTERIA; RICKETTSIA; MYCOPLASMA; VIRUSES; FUNGI; or PARASITES.
definition: Arthritis caused by BACTERIA; RICKETTSIA; MYCOPLASMA; VIRUSES; FUNGI; or PARASITES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003872
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.
definition: A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003873
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease, primarily of the joints, with autoimmune features and a complex genetic component.
definition: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease, primarily of the joints, with autoimmune features and a complex genetic component.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003886
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A non-progressive finding characterized by multiple joint contractures found throughout the body at birth.
definition: A non-progressive finding characterized by multiple joint contractures found throughout the body at birth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003892
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly TABES DORSALIS, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)
definition: Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly TABES DORSALIS, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003907
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A dermal inflammatory reaction produced under conditions of antibody excess, when a second injection of antigen produces intravascular antigen-antibody complexes which bind complement, causing cell clumping, endothelial damage, and vascular necrosis.
definition: A dermal inflammatory reaction produced under conditions of antibody excess, when a second injection of antigen produces intravascular antigen-antibody complexes which bind complement, causing cell clumping, endothelial damage, and vascular necrosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003910
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disorders of the quality of speech characterized by the substitution, omission, distortion, and addition of phonemes.
definition: Disorders of the quality of speech characterized by the substitution, omission, distortion, and addition of phonemes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003949
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.
definition: A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003950
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infection that is caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, many cases of which remain asymptomatic. During the transient larval migratory phase, shortness of breath, fever, and eosinophilia can occur. Depending on the intestinal worm burden, a spectrum of gastrointestinal tract symptoms can occur.
definition: An infection that is caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, many cases of which remain asymptomatic. During the transient larval migratory phase, shortness of breath, fever, and eosinophilia can occur. Depending on the intestinal worm burden, a spectrum of gastrointestinal tract symptoms can occur.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003952
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection with nematodes of the genus ASCARIDIA. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhea.
definition: Infection with nematodes of the genus ASCARIDIA. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhea.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003962
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
definition: Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003968
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries. Found in citrus and other fruits, and in vegetables, vitamin C cannot be produced or stored by humans and must be obtained in the diet. (NCI04)
definition: A natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries. Found in citrus and other fruits, and in vegetables, vitamin C cannot be produced or stored by humans and must be obtained in the diet. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003969
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)
definition: A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003977
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Aseptic necrosis involving the head and neck of the femur.
definition: Aseptic necrosis involving the head and neck of the femur.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003993
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1.
definition: A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0003999
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Flavoring agent sweeter than sugar, metabolized as PHENYLALANINE and ASPARTIC ACID.
definition: Flavoring agent sweeter than sugar, metabolized as PHENYLALANINE and ASPARTIC ACID.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004030
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infection that is caused by Aspergillus.
definition: An infection that is caused by Aspergillus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004031
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An immune reaction to aspergillus in patients usually suffering from asthma or cystic fibrosis.
definition: An immune reaction to aspergillus in patients usually suffering from asthma or cystic fibrosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004044
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.
definition: A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004045
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Respiratory failure in the newborn.
definition: Respiratory failure in the newborn.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004057
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An orally administered non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent. Acetylsalicylic acid binds to and acetylates serine residues in cyclooxygenases, resulting in decreased synthesis of prostaglandin, platelet aggregation, and inflammation. This agent exhibits analgesic, antipyretic, and anticoagulant properties.
definition: An orally administered non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent. Acetylsalicylic acid binds to and acetylates serine residues in cyclooxygenases, resulting in decreased synthesis of prostaglandin, platelet aggregation, and inflammation. This agent exhibits analgesic, antipyretic, and anticoagulant properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004091
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, and atomic number 85. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism because it emits ALPHA PARTICLES.
definition: Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, and atomic number 85. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism because it emits ALPHA PARTICLES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004093
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sign or symptom of weakness and diminished or absent energy and strength.
definition: A sign or symptom of weakness and diminished or absent energy and strength.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004095
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Eye strain, i.e., a feeling of fatigue or discomfort of the eyes related to 'overuse' of the eyes in activities such as reading or working at the computer and often accompanied by lacrimation or headache. []
definition: Eye strain, i.e., a feeling of fatigue or discomfort of the eyes related to 'overuse' of the eyes in activities such as reading or working at the computer and often accompanied by lacrimation or headache. []

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004096
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chronic respiratory disease manifested as difficulty breathing due to the narrowing of bronchial passageways.
definition: A chronic respiratory disease manifested as difficulty breathing due to the narrowing of bronchial passageways.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004099
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).
definition: Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004106
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Astigmatism (from the Greek 'a' meaning absence and 'stigma' meaning point) is a condition in which the parallel rays of light entering the eye through the refractive media are not focused on a single point. Both corneal and noncorneal factors contribute to refractive astigmatism. Corneal astigmatism is mainly the result of an aspheric anterior surface of the cornea, which can be measured readily by means of a keratometer; in a small fraction of cases (approximately 1 in 10) the effect is neutralized by the back surface. The curvature of the back surface of the cornea is not considered in most studies, because it is more difficult to measure; moreover, in the case of severe corneal astigmatism, there is evidence that both surfaces have the same configuration. Noncorneal factors are errors in the curvature of the 2 surfaces of the crystalline lens, irregularity in the refractive index of the lens, and an eccentric lens position. Since the cornea is the dominant component of the eye's refracting system, a highly astigmatic cornea is likely to result in a similarly astigmatic ocular refraction (summary by Clementi et al., 1998).
definition: Astigmatism (from the Greek 'a' meaning absence and 'stigma' meaning point) is a condition in which the parallel rays of light entering the eye through the refractive media are not focused on a single point. Both corneal and noncorneal factors contribute to refractive astigmatism. Corneal astigmatism is mainly the result of an aspheric anterior surface of the cornea, which can be measured readily by means of a keratometer; in a small fraction of cases (approximately 1 in 10) the effect is neutralized by the back surface. The curvature of the back surface of the cornea is not considered in most studies, because it is more difficult to measure; moreover, in the case of severe corneal astigmatism, there is evidence that both surfaces have the same configuration. Noncorneal factors are errors in the curvature of the 2 surfaces of the crystalline lens, irregularity in the refractive index of the lens, and an eccentric lens position. Since the cornea is the dominant component of the eye's refracting system, a highly astigmatic cornea is likely to result in a similarly astigmatic ocular refraction (summary by Clementi et al., 1998).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004110
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secretions.
definition: Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secretions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004114
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A glial tumor of the brain or spinal cord showing astrocytic differentiation. It includes the following clinicopathological entities: pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, and glioblastoma.
definition: A glial tumor of the brain or spinal cord showing astrocytic differentiation. It includes the following clinicopathological entities: pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, and glioblastoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004134
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to smoothly perform the elements of a voluntary movement in the appropriate order and speed. With dyssynergia, a voluntary movement appears broken down into its component parts.
definition: A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to smoothly perform the elements of a voluntary movement in the appropriate order and speed. With dyssynergia, a voluntary movement appears broken down into its component parts.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004135
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, telangiectases, immune defects, and a predisposition to malignancy. Chromosomal breakage is a feature. AT cells are abnormally sensitive to killing by ionizing radiation (IR), and abnormally resistant to inhibition of DNA synthesis by ionizing radiation. The latter trait has been used to identify complementation groups for the classic form of the disease (Jaspers et al., 1988). At least 4 of these (A, C, D, and E) map to chromosome 11q23 (Sanal et al., 1990) and are associated with mutations in the ATM gene.
definition: Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, telangiectases, immune defects, and a predisposition to malignancy. Chromosomal breakage is a feature. AT cells are abnormally sensitive to killing by ionizing radiation (IR), and abnormally resistant to inhibition of DNA synthesis by ionizing radiation. The latter trait has been used to identify complementation groups for the classic form of the disease (Jaspers et al., 1988). At least 4 of these (A, C, D, and E) map to chromosome 11q23 (Sanal et al., 1990) and are associated with mutations in the ATM gene.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004138
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: The hereditary ataxias are a group of genetic disorders characterized by slowly progressive incoordination of gait and often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements. Frequently, atrophy of the cerebellum occurs. In this GeneReview the hereditary ataxias are categorized by mode of inheritance and gene (or chromosome locus) in which pathogenic variants occur.
definition: The hereditary ataxias are a group of genetic disorders characterized by slowly progressive incoordination of gait and often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements. Frequently, atrophy of the cerebellum occurs. In this GeneReview the hereditary ataxias are categorized by mode of inheritance and gene (or chromosome locus) in which pathogenic variants occur.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004144
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.
definition: Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004147
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.
definition: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004153
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A condition characterized by patchy atheromas or atherosclerotic plaques which develop in the walls of medium-sized and large arteries and can lead to arterial stenosis with reduced or blocked blood flow.
definition: A condition characterized by patchy atheromas or atherosclerotic plaques which develop in the walls of medium-sized and large arteries and can lead to arterial stenosis with reduced or blocked blood flow.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004158
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A dyskinesia characterized by an inability to maintain the fingers, toes, tongue, or other body parts in a stable position, resulting in continuous slow, sinusoidal, and flowing involuntary movements. This condition is frequently accompanied by CHOREA, where it is referred to as choreoathetosis. Athetosis may occur as a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES or DRUG TOXICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p76)
definition: A dyskinesia characterized by an inability to maintain the fingers, toes, tongue, or other body parts in a stable position, resulting in continuous slow, sinusoidal, and flowing involuntary movements. This condition is frequently accompanied by CHOREA, where it is referred to as choreoathetosis. Athetosis may occur as a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES or DRUG TOXICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p76)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004234
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.
definition: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004235
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic dibenzensulfonate derivative muscle relaxant, Atracurium Besylate acts as a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, with short to intermediary duration of action and no significant cardiovascular effects. Not dependent on kidney function for elimination, it provides clinical advantages over other non-depolarizing, neuromuscular blocking agents. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic dibenzensulfonate derivative muscle relaxant, Atracurium Besylate acts as a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, with short to intermediary duration of action and no significant cardiovascular effects. Not dependent on kidney function for elimination, it provides clinical advantages over other non-depolarizing, neuromuscular blocking agents. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004238
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by the replacement of consistent P waves by rapid oscillations or fibrillatory waves that vary in size, shape and timing and are accompanied by an irregular ventricular response. (CDISC)
definition: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by the replacement of consistent P waves by rapid oscillations or fibrillatory waves that vary in size, shape and timing and are accompanied by an irregular ventricular response. (CDISC)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004239
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of an organized, regular atrial rhythm with atrial rate of 240-340 beats per minute. Multiple P waves typically appear in the inferior leads in a saw tooth-like pattern between the QRS complexes. (CDISC)
definition: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of an organized, regular atrial rhythm with atrial rate of 240-340 beats per minute. Multiple P waves typically appear in the inferior leads in a saw tooth-like pattern between the QRS complexes. (CDISC)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004245
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An electrocardiographic finding of delayed or blocked cardiac electrical impulse conduction from the atria to the ventricles at the level of the atrioventricular node.
definition: An electrocardiographic finding of delayed or blocked cardiac electrical impulse conduction from the atria to the ventricles at the level of the atrioventricular node.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004259
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004260
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Analogs and derivatives of atropine.
definition: Analogs and derivatives of atropine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004261
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The sulfate salt of a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.
definition: The sulfate salt of a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004303
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disorders of hearing or auditory perception due to pathological processes of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. These include CENTRAL HEARING LOSS and AUDITORY PERCEPTUAL DISORDERS.
definition: Disorders of hearing or auditory perception due to pathological processes of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. These include CENTRAL HEARING LOSS and AUDITORY PERCEPTUAL DISORDERS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004310
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by the inability of the brain to properly interpret or process the auditory signals it receives from the anatomic structures of the ear.
definition: A disorder characterized by the inability of the brain to properly interpret or process the auditory signals it receives from the anatomic structures of the ear.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004320
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious.
definition: An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004331
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An electrocardiographic finding in which the electrical activity of the atria and ventricles are independent of one another. (CDISC)
definition: An electrocardiographic finding in which the electrical activity of the atria and ventricles are independent of one another. (CDISC)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004334
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.
definition: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004352
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Autism, the prototypic pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), is usually apparent by 3 years of age. It is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypic, and ritualized patterns of interests and behavior (Bailey et al., 1996; Risch et al., 1999). 'Autism spectrum disorder,' sometimes referred to as ASD, is a broader phenotype encompassing the less severe disorders Asperger syndrome (see ASPG1; 608638) and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). 'Broad autism phenotype' includes individuals with some symptoms of autism, but who do not meet the full criteria for autism or other disorders. Mental retardation coexists in approximately two-thirds of individuals with ASD, except for Asperger syndrome, in which mental retardation is conspicuously absent (Jones et al., 2008). Genetic studies in autism often include family members with these less stringent diagnoses (Schellenberg et al., 2006). Levy et al. (2009) provided a general review of autism and autism spectrum disorder, including epidemiology, characteristics of the disorder, diagnosis, neurobiologic hypotheses for the etiology, genetics, and treatment options. Genetic Heterogeneity of Autism Autism is considered to be a complex multifactorial disorder involving many genes. Accordingly, several loci have been identified, some or all of which may contribute to the phenotype. Included in this entry is AUTS1, which has been mapped to chromosome 7q22. Other susceptibility loci include AUTS3 (608049), which maps to chromosome 13q14; AUTS4 (608636), which maps to chromosome 15q11; AUTS6 (609378), which maps to chromosome 17q11; AUTS7 (610676), which maps to chromosome 17q21; AUTS8 (607373), which maps to chromosome 3q25-q27; AUTS9 (611015), which maps to chromosome 7q31; AUTS10 (611016), which maps to chromosome 7q36; AUTS11 (610836), which maps to chromosome 1q41; AUTS12 (610838), whic…
definition: Autism, the prototypic pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), is usually apparent by 3 years of age. It is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypic, and ritualized patterns of interests and behavior (Bailey et al., 1996; Risch et al., 1999). 'Autism spectrum disorder,' sometimes referred to as ASD, is a broader phenotype encompassing the less severe disorders Asperger syndrome (see ASPG1; 608638) and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). 'Broad autism phenotype' includes individuals with some symptoms of autism, but who do not meet the full criteria for autism or other disorders. Mental retardation coexists in approximately two-thirds of individuals with ASD, except for Asperger syndrome, in which mental retardation is conspicuously absent (Jones et al., 2008). Genetic studies in autism often include family members with these less stringent diagnoses (Schellenberg et al., 2006). Levy et al. (2009) provided a general review of autism and autism spectrum disorder, including epidemiology, characteristics of the disorder, diagnosis, neurobiologic hypotheses for the etiology, genetics, and treatment options. Genetic Heterogeneity of Autism Autism is considered to be a complex multifactorial disorder involving many genes. Accordingly, several loci have been identified, some or all of which may contribute to the phenotype. Included in this entry is AUTS1, which has been mapped to chromosome 7q22. Other susceptibility loci include AUTS3 (608049), which maps to chromosome 13q14; AUTS4 (608636), which maps to chromosome 15q11; AUTS6 (609378), which maps to chromosome 17q11; AUTS7 (610676), which maps to chromosome 17q21; AUTS8 (607373), which maps to chromosome 3q25-q27; AUTS9 (611015), which maps to chromosome 7q31; AUTS10 (611016), which maps to chromosome 7q36; AUTS11 (610836), which maps to chromosome 1q41; AUTS12 (610838), whic…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004364
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder resulting from loss of function or tissue destruction of an organ or multiple organs, arising from humoral or cellular immune responses of the individual to his own tissue constituents. It may be systemic (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), or organ specific, (e.g., thyroiditis).
definition: A disorder resulting from loss of function or tissue destruction of an organ or multiple organs, arising from humoral or cellular immune responses of the individual to his own tissue constituents. It may be systemic (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), or organ specific, (e.g., thyroiditis).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004368
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Autoimmune Status; the state of a person's health in regard to autoimmune disease or antibody presence.
definition: Autoimmune Status; the state of a person's health in regard to autoimmune disease or antibody presence.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004372
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The destruction of organism cells or tissues by the organism's own enzymes or processes.
definition: The destruction of organism cells or tissues by the organism's own enzymes or processes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004377
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Automatic, mechanical, and apparently undirected behavior which is outside of conscious control.
definition: Automatic, mechanical, and apparently undirected behavior which is outside of conscious control.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004382
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents affecting the function of, or mimicking the actions of, the autonomic nervous system and thereby having an effect on such processes as respiration, circulation, digestion, body temperature regulation, certain endocrine gland secretions, etc.
definition: Agents affecting the function of, or mimicking the actions of, the autonomic nervous system and thereby having an effect on such processes as respiration, circulation, digestion, body temperature regulation, certain endocrine gland secretions, etc.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004421
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.
definition: A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004426
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Connective tissue tumors, affecting primarily fowl, that are usually caused by avian sarcoma viruses.
definition: Connective tissue tumors, affecting primarily fowl, that are usually caused by avian sarcoma viruses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004444
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of avoidance of social situations and interpersonal contact due to overwhelming feelings of social inadequacy and a hypersensitivity to negative evaluation or rejection.
definition: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of avoidance of social situations and interpersonal contact due to overwhelming feelings of social inadequacy and a hypersensitivity to negative evaluation or rejection.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004472
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sterol derivative of cholesterol with two nitrogen atoms replacing two carbon atoms that acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase. Azacosterol has the unintended side effect of causing myotonia.
definition: A sterol derivative of cholesterol with two nitrogen atoms replacing two carbon atoms that acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase. Azacosterol has the unintended side effect of causing myotonia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004475
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.
definition: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004476
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A purine analogue with potential antineoplastic activity. 8-Azaguanine interferes with the modification of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) by competing with guanine for incorporation into tRNA catalyzed by the enzyme tRNA-guanine ribosyltransferase (tRNA-guanine transglycosylase). Altered guanine modification of tRNA has been implicated in cellular differentiation and neoplastic transformation. 8-Azaguanine also inhibits the formation of 43S and 80S initiation complexes, thereby interfering with initiation of translation and inhibiting protein synthesis. This agent inhibits tumor cell growth and stimulates cell differentiation. (NCI04)
definition: A purine analogue with potential antineoplastic activity. 8-Azaguanine interferes with the modification of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) by competing with guanine for incorporation into tRNA catalyzed by the enzyme tRNA-guanine ribosyltransferase (tRNA-guanine transglycosylase). Altered guanine modification of tRNA has been implicated in cellular differentiation and neoplastic transformation. 8-Azaguanine also inhibits the formation of 43S and 80S initiation complexes, thereby interfering with initiation of translation and inhibiting protein synthesis. This agent inhibits tumor cell growth and stimulates cell differentiation. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004477
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A butyrophenone used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.
definition: A butyrophenone used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004480
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A naturally occurring serine derivative diazo compound with antineoplastic properties, Azaserine functions as a purine antagonist and glutamine analogue (glutamine amidotransferase inhibitor) that competitively inhibits pathways in which glutamine is metabolized. An antibiotic and antitumor agent, Azaserine is used in clinical studies as a potential antineoplastic agent. (NCI04)
definition: A naturally occurring serine derivative diazo compound with antineoplastic properties, Azaserine functions as a purine antagonist and glutamine analogue (glutamine amidotransferase inhibitor) that competitively inhibits pathways in which glutamine is metabolized. An antibiotic and antitumor agent, Azaserine is used in clinical studies as a potential antineoplastic agent. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004482
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A purine analogue with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive activity. Azathioprine is a prodrug that is converted by hepatic xanthine oxidase to its active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). 6-MP is further metabolized by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) into 6-thioguanosine-5'-phosphate (6-thio-GMP) and 6-thioinosine monophosphate (6-thio-IMP), both inhibit nucleotide conversions and de novo purine synthesis. This leads to inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. As a result, cell proliferation may be inhibited, particularly in lymphocytes and leukocytes.
definition: A purine analogue with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive activity. Azathioprine is a prodrug that is converted by hepatic xanthine oxidase to its active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). 6-MP is further metabolized by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) into 6-thioguanosine-5'-phosphate (6-thio-GMP) and 6-thioinosine monophosphate (6-thio-IMP), both inhibit nucleotide conversions and de novo purine synthesis. This leads to inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. As a result, cell proliferation may be inhibited, particularly in lymphocytes and leukocytes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004483
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic triazine analogue of uridine with antimetabolite activity. 6-azauridine inhibits de novo pyrimidine synthesis and DNA synthesis and is converted intracellularly into mono, di, and triphosphate derivatives, which incorporate into RNA and inhibit protein synthesis.
definition: A synthetic triazine analogue of uridine with antimetabolite activity. 6-azauridine inhibits de novo pyrimidine synthesis and DNA synthesis and is converted intracellularly into mono, di, and triphosphate derivatives, which incorporate into RNA and inhibit protein synthesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004509
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).
definition: A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004576
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of tick-borne diseases of mammals including ZOONOSES in humans. They are caused by protozoa of the genus BABESIA, which parasitize erythrocytes, producing hemolysis. In the U.S., the organism's natural host is mice and transmission is by the deer tick IXODES SCAPULARIS.
definition: A group of tick-borne diseases of mammals including ZOONOSES in humans. They are caused by protozoa of the genus BABESIA, which parasitize erythrocytes, producing hemolysis. In the U.S., the organism's natural host is mice and transmission is by the deer tick IXODES SCAPULARIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004604
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.
definition: Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004606
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An early stage of diabetic retinopathy that is characterized by retinal hemorrhage and exudate, but without proliferation of the blood vessels.
definition: An early stage of diabetic retinopathy that is characterized by retinal hemorrhage and exudate, but without proliferation of the blood vessels.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004609
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.
definition: A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004610
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Presence of viable bacteria in the blood. []
definition: Presence of viable bacteria in the blood. []

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004615
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections caused by bacteria and fungi, general, specified, or unspecified.
definition: Infections caused by bacteria and fungi, general, specified, or unspecified.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004623
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute infectious disorder that is caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria; representative examples include pneumococcal, streptococcal, salmonella, and meningeal infections.
definition: An acute infectious disorder that is caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria; representative examples include pneumococcal, streptococcal, salmonella, and meningeal infections.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004626
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Acute infection of the lung parenchyma caused by bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila). Signs and symptoms include productive cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
definition: Acute infection of the lung parenchyma caused by bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila). Signs and symptoms include productive cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004632
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A vaccine derived from bacteria whether killed, attenuated or live that is used for prophylaxis or treatment against infection.
definition: A vaccine derived from bacteria whether killed, attenuated or live that is used for prophylaxis or treatment against infection.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004659
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.
definition: The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004669
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004681
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.
definition: A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004690
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infectious or non-infectious inflammatory process that affects the glans penis. Symptoms include redness and pain of the glans penis and foreskin and discharge.
definition: An infectious or non-infectious inflammatory process that affects the glans penis. Symptoms include redness and pain of the glans penis and foreskin and discharge.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004692
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A parasitic protozoal infection caused by Balantidium coli that involves the large intestinal mucosa. Signs and symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, headache and weight loss.
definition: A parasitic protozoal infection caused by Balantidium coli that involves the large intestinal mucosa. Signs and symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, headache and weight loss.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004698
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of chronic interstitial nephritis that is endemic to limited areas of BULGARIA, the former YUGOSLAVIA, and ROMANIA. It is characterized by a progressive shrinking of the KIDNEYS that is often associated with uroepithelial tumors.
definition: A form of chronic interstitial nephritis that is endemic to limited areas of BULGARIA, the former YUGOSLAVIA, and ROMANIA. It is characterized by a progressive shrinking of the KIDNEYS that is often associated with uroepithelial tumors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004743
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. It is used as a hypnotic and sedative and may induce dependence. Barbital is also used in veterinary practice for central nervous system depression.
definition: A long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. It is used as a hypnotic and sedative and may induce dependence. Barbital is also used in veterinary practice for central nervous system depression.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004745
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS.
definition: A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004763
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Barrett esophagus, or Barrett metaplasia, describes the phenotypic change of normal esophageal squamous epithelium to a columnar and intestinal-type epithelium. This metaplastic change is important because patients with Barrett esophagus have an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The main cause of Barrett metaplasia is gastroesophageal reflux (GER; 109350). The retrograde movement of acid and bile salts from the stomach into the esophagus in this disease causes prolonged injury to the esophageal epithelium and induces chronic esophagitis, which in turn is believed to trigger the pathologic changes (summary by Wong et al., 2005).
definition: Barrett esophagus, or Barrett metaplasia, describes the phenotypic change of normal esophageal squamous epithelium to a columnar and intestinal-type epithelium. This metaplastic change is important because patients with Barrett esophagus have an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The main cause of Barrett metaplasia is gastroesophageal reflux (GER; 109350). The retrograde movement of acid and bile salts from the stomach into the esophagus in this disease causes prolonged injury to the esophageal epithelium and induces chronic esophagitis, which in turn is believed to trigger the pathologic changes (summary by Wong et al., 2005).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004767
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Distension of the Bartholin gland duct caused by an accumulation of mucus in the duct, usually as a result of obstruction of the gland duct orifice.
definition: Distension of the Bartholin gland duct caused by an accumulation of mucus in the duct, usually as a result of obstruction of the gland duct orifice.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004771
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A gram-negative bacterial infection caused by Bartonella bacilliformis. It is transmitted by ticks, flies and mosquitoes. Signs and symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, enlargement of the lymph nodes and anemia.
definition: A gram-negative bacterial infection caused by Bartonella bacilliformis. It is transmitted by ticks, flies and mosquitoes. Signs and symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, enlargement of the lymph nodes and anemia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004773
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the family BARTONELLACEAE.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the family BARTONELLACEAE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004775
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Bartter syndrome is a group of very similar kidney disorders that cause an imbalance of potassium, sodium, chloride, and related molecules in the body.In some cases, Bartter syndrome becomes apparent before birth. The disorder can cause polyhydramnios, which is an increased volume of fluid surrounding the fetus (amniotic fluid). Polyhydramnios increases the risk of premature birth.Beginning in infancy, affected individuals often fail to grow and gain weight at the expected rate (failure to thrive). They lose excess amounts of salt (sodium chloride) in their urine, which leads to dehydration, constipation, and increased urine production (polyuria). In addition, large amounts of calcium are lost through the urine (hypercalciuria), which can cause weakening of the bones (osteopenia). Some of the calcium is deposited in the kidneys as they are concentrating urine, leading to hardening of the kidney tissue (nephrocalcinosis). Bartter syndrome is also characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia), which can result in muscle weakness, cramping, and fatigue. Rarely, affected children develop hearing loss caused by abnormalities in the inner ear (sensorineural deafness).Two major forms of Bartter syndrome are distinguished by their age of onset and severity. One form begins before birth (antenatal) and is often life-threatening. The other form, often called the classical form, begins in early childhood and tends to be less severe. Once the genetic causes of Bartter syndrome were identified, researchers also split the disorder into different types based on the genes involved. Types I, II, and IV have the features of antenatal Bartter syndrome. Because type IV is also associated with hearing loss, it is sometimes called antenatal Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness. Type III usually has the features of classical Bartter syndrome.
definition: Bartter syndrome is a group of very similar kidney disorders that cause an imbalance of potassium, sodium, chloride, and related molecules in the body.In some cases, Bartter syndrome becomes apparent before birth. The disorder can cause polyhydramnios, which is an increased volume of fluid surrounding the fetus (amniotic fluid). Polyhydramnios increases the risk of premature birth.Beginning in infancy, affected individuals often fail to grow and gain weight at the expected rate (failure to thrive). They lose excess amounts of salt (sodium chloride) in their urine, which leads to dehydration, constipation, and increased urine production (polyuria). In addition, large amounts of calcium are lost through the urine (hypercalciuria), which can cause weakening of the bones (osteopenia). Some of the calcium is deposited in the kidneys as they are concentrating urine, leading to hardening of the kidney tissue (nephrocalcinosis). Bartter syndrome is also characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia), which can result in muscle weakness, cramping, and fatigue. Rarely, affected children develop hearing loss caused by abnormalities in the inner ear (sensorineural deafness).Two major forms of Bartter syndrome are distinguished by their age of onset and severity. One form begins before birth (antenatal) and is often life-threatening. The other form, often called the classical form, begins in early childhood and tends to be less severe. Once the genetic causes of Bartter syndrome were identified, researchers also split the disorder into different types based on the genes involved. Types I, II, and IV have the features of antenatal Bartter syndrome. Because type IV is also associated with hearing loss, it is sometimes called antenatal Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness. Type III usually has the features of classical Bartter syndrome.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004779
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is characterized by the development of multiple jaw keratocysts, frequently beginning in the second decade of life, and/or basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) usually from the third decade onward. Approximately 60% of individuals have a recognizable appearance with macrocephaly, frontal bossing, coarse facial features, and facial milia. Most individuals have skeletal anomalies (e.g., bifid ribs, wedge-shaped vertebrae). Ectopic calcification, particularly in the falx, is present in more than 90% of affected individuals by age 20 years. Cardiac and ovarian fibromas occur in approximately 2% and 20% of individuals respectively. Approximately 5% of all children with NBCCS develop medulloblastoma (primitive neuroectodermal tumor), generally the desmoplastic subtype. The risk of developing medulloblastoma is substantially higher in individuals with an SUFU pathogenic variant (33%) than in those with a PTCH1 pathogenic variant (<2%). Peak incidence is at age one to two years. Life expectancy in NBCCS is not significantly different from average.
definition: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is characterized by the development of multiple jaw keratocysts, frequently beginning in the second decade of life, and/or basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) usually from the third decade onward. Approximately 60% of individuals have a recognizable appearance with macrocephaly, frontal bossing, coarse facial features, and facial milia. Most individuals have skeletal anomalies (e.g., bifid ribs, wedge-shaped vertebrae). Ectopic calcification, particularly in the falx, is present in more than 90% of affected individuals by age 20 years. Cardiac and ovarian fibromas occur in approximately 2% and 20% of individuals respectively. Approximately 5% of all children with NBCCS develop medulloblastoma (primitive neuroectodermal tumor), generally the desmoplastic subtype. The risk of developing medulloblastoma is substantially higher in individuals with an SUFU pathogenic variant (33%) than in those with a PTCH1 pathogenic variant (<2%). Peak incidence is at age one to two years. Life expectancy in NBCCS is not significantly different from average.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004782
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Abnormality of the basal ganglia.
definition: Abnormality of the basal ganglia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004812
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A syndrome which occurs as a result of the occlusion of the basilar artery. It may be caused by atherosclerosis, embolism or hemorrhage. Clinical signs include dizziness, headache, vomiting, hemiparesis or hemiplegia, dysarthria, dysphagia, blurred vision and loss of consciousness. The clinical course is variable and is dependent upon the extent of the occlusion and the location of the clot along the basilar artery which determines the resultant neurologic impairment. Prognosis is dismal in cases where a complete occlusion occurs with rapid deterioration of neurological function.
definition: A syndrome which occurs as a result of the occlusion of the basilar artery. It may be caused by atherosclerosis, embolism or hemorrhage. Clinical signs include dizziness, headache, vomiting, hemiparesis or hemiplegia, dysarthria, dysphagia, blurred vision and loss of consciousness. The clinical course is variable and is dependent upon the extent of the occlusion and the location of the clot along the basilar artery which determines the resultant neurologic impairment. Prognosis is dismal in cases where a complete occlusion occurs with rapid deterioration of neurological function.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004842
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A clinical condition resulting from repeated physical and psychological injuries inflicted on a child by the parents or caregivers.
definition: A clinical condition resulting from repeated physical and psychological injuries inflicted on a child by the parents or caregivers.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004886
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A vaccine containing bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, with non-specific immunoadjuvant and immunotherapeutic activities. Although the mechanism of its anti-tumor activity is unclear, immunization with BCG vaccine likely activates a Th1 cytokine response that includes the induction of interferon. Vaccination with BCG vaccine may be immunoprotective against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
definition: A vaccine containing bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, with non-specific immunoadjuvant and immunotherapeutic activities. Although the mechanism of its anti-tumor activity is unclear, immunization with BCG vaccine likely activates a Th1 cytokine response that includes the induction of interferon. Vaccination with BCG vaccine may be immunoprotective against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004903
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a growth disorder variably characterized by neonatal hypoglycemia, macrosomia, macroglossia, hemihyperplasia, omphalocele, embryonal tumors (e.g., Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma), visceromegaly, adrenocortical cytomegaly, renal abnormalities (e.g., medullary dysplasia, nephrocalcinosis, medullary sponge kidney, and nephromegaly), and ear creases/pits. BWS is considered a clinical spectrum, in which affected individuals may have many of these features or may have only one or two clinical features. Early death may occur from complications of prematurity, hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, macroglossia, or tumors. However, the previously reported mortality of 20% is likely an overestimate given better recognition of the disorder along with enhanced treatment options. Macroglossia and macrosomia are generally present at birth but may have postnatal onset. Growth rate slows around age seven to eight years. Hemihyperplasia may affect segmental regions of the body or selected organs and tissues.
definition: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a growth disorder variably characterized by neonatal hypoglycemia, macrosomia, macroglossia, hemihyperplasia, omphalocele, embryonal tumors (e.g., Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma), visceromegaly, adrenocortical cytomegaly, renal abnormalities (e.g., medullary dysplasia, nephrocalcinosis, medullary sponge kidney, and nephromegaly), and ear creases/pits. BWS is considered a clinical spectrum, in which affected individuals may have many of these features or may have only one or two clinical features. Early death may occur from complications of prematurity, hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, macroglossia, or tumors. However, the previously reported mortality of 20% is likely an overestimate given better recognition of the disorder along with enhanced treatment options. Macroglossia and macrosomia are generally present at birth but may have postnatal onset. Growth rate slows around age seven to eight years. Hemihyperplasia may affect segmental regions of the body or selected organs and tissues.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004905
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.
definition: A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004906
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The dipropionate ester of a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.
definition: The dipropionate ester of a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004930
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A specific behavioral problem that occurs in persistent patterns and characteristic clusters and that causes clinically significant impairment.
definition: A specific behavioral problem that occurs in persistent patterns and characteristic clusters and that causes clinically significant impairment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004936
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by behavioral and/or psychological abnormalities, often accompanied by physical symptoms. The symptoms may cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of functioning. Representative examples include anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia.
definition: A disorder characterized by behavioral and/or psychological abnormalities, often accompanied by physical symptoms. The symptoms may cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of functioning. Representative examples include anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004941
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Observable manifestations of impaired psychological functioning.
definition: Observable manifestations of impaired psychological functioning.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004943
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Behçet disease is an inflammatory condition that affects many parts of the body. The health problems associated with Behçet disease result from widespread inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis). This inflammation most commonly affects small blood vessels in the mouth, genitals, skin, and eyes.Painful mouth sores called aphthous ulcers are usually the first sign of Behçet disease. These sores can occur on the lips, tongue, inside the cheeks, the roof of the mouth, the throat, and the tonsils. The ulcers look like common canker sores, and they typically heal within one to two weeks. About 75 percent of all people with Behçet disease develop similar ulcers on the genitals. These ulcers occur most frequently on the scrotum in men and on the labia in women.Behçet disease can also cause painful bumps and sores on the skin. Most affected individuals develop pus-filled bumps that resemble acne. These bumps can occur anywhere on the body. Some affected people also have red, tender nodules called erythema nodosum. These nodules usually develop on the legs but can also occur on the arms, face, and neck.An inflammation of the eye called uveitis is found in more than half of people with Behçet disease. Eye problems are more common in younger people with the disease and affect men more often than women. Uveitis can result in blurry vision and an extreme sensitivity to light (photophobia). Rarely, inflammation can also cause eye pain and redness. If untreated, the eye problems associated with Behçet disease can lead to blindness.Joint involvement is also common in Behçet disease. Often this affects one joint at a time, with each affected joint becoming swollen and painful and then getting better.Less commonly, Behçet disease can affect the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system), gastrointestinal tract, large blood vessels, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Central nervous system abnormalities can lead to headaches, confusion, personality changes, memory loss, impaired speech,…
definition: Behçet disease is an inflammatory condition that affects many parts of the body. The health problems associated with Behçet disease result from widespread inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis). This inflammation most commonly affects small blood vessels in the mouth, genitals, skin, and eyes.Painful mouth sores called aphthous ulcers are usually the first sign of Behçet disease. These sores can occur on the lips, tongue, inside the cheeks, the roof of the mouth, the throat, and the tonsils. The ulcers look like common canker sores, and they typically heal within one to two weeks. About 75 percent of all people with Behçet disease develop similar ulcers on the genitals. These ulcers occur most frequently on the scrotum in men and on the labia in women.Behçet disease can also cause painful bumps and sores on the skin. Most affected individuals develop pus-filled bumps that resemble acne. These bumps can occur anywhere on the body. Some affected people also have red, tender nodules called erythema nodosum. These nodules usually develop on the legs but can also occur on the arms, face, and neck.An inflammation of the eye called uveitis is found in more than half of people with Behçet disease. Eye problems are more common in younger people with the disease and affect men more often than women. Uveitis can result in blurry vision and an extreme sensitivity to light (photophobia). Rarely, inflammation can also cause eye pain and redness. If untreated, the eye problems associated with Behçet disease can lead to blindness.Joint involvement is also common in Behçet disease. Often this affects one joint at a time, with each affected joint becoming swollen and painful and then getting better.Less commonly, Behçet disease can affect the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system), gastrointestinal tract, large blood vessels, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Central nervous system abnormalities can lead to headaches, confusion, personality changes, memory loss, impaired speech,…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004954
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Alkaloids obtained from various plants, especially the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), variety acuminata; atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine are classical, specific antimuscarinic agents with many pharmacologic actions; used mainly as antispasmodics.
definition: Alkaloids obtained from various plants, especially the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), variety acuminata; atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine are classical, specific antimuscarinic agents with many pharmacologic actions; used mainly as antispasmodics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004960
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.
definition: A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004962
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior.
definition: A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004963
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The hydrochloride salt form of diphenhydramine, an ethanolamine and first-generation histamine antagonist with anti-allergic activity. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride competitively blocks H1receptors, thereby preventing the actions of histamine on bronchial smooth muscle, capillaries, and gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. This prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and GI smooth muscle spasms.
definition: The hydrochloride salt form of diphenhydramine, an ethanolamine and first-generation histamine antagonist with anti-allergic activity. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride competitively blocks H1receptors, thereby preventing the actions of histamine on bronchial smooth muscle, capillaries, and gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. This prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and GI smooth muscle spasms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004968
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: The presence of free monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains in the urine.
definition: The presence of free monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains in the urine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004969
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A vasodilator agent found to be effective in a variety of peripheral circulation disorders. It has various other potentially useful pharmacological effects. Its mechanism may involve block of calcium channels.
definition: A vasodilator agent found to be effective in a variety of peripheral circulation disorders. It has various other potentially useful pharmacological effects. Its mechanism may involve block of calcium channels.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004975
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A long-acting agent, also known as bendrofluazide, belonging to the class of thiazide diuretics with antihypertensive activity.
definition: A long-acting agent, also known as bendrofluazide, belonging to the class of thiazide diuretics with antihypertensive activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004991
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the wall of the colon.
definition: A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the wall of the colon.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004994
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the lower jaw bone.
definition: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the lower jaw bone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004997
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the ovary. Representative examples include serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma, clear cell adenofibroma, benign Brenner tumor, thecoma, and fibroma.
definition: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the ovary. Representative examples include serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma, clear cell adenofibroma, benign Brenner tumor, thecoma, and fibroma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0004998
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Abnormal growth of the cells that comprise the tissues of the skin, without any evidence of malignancy.
definition: Abnormal growth of the cells that comprise the tissues of the skin, without any evidence of malignancy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005001
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MEDLINEPLUS
  definition: The prostate is a gland in men. It helps make semen, the fluid that contains sperm. The prostate surrounds the tube that carries urine out of the body. As men age, their prostate grows bigger. If it gets too large, it can cause problems. An enlarged prostate is also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Most men will get BPH as they get older. Symptoms often start after age 50. BPH is not cancer, and it does not seem to increase your chance of getting prostate cancer. But the early symptoms are the same. Check with your doctor if you have. -A frequent and urgent need to urinate, especially at night. -Trouble starting a urine stream or making more than a dribble. -A urine stream that is weak, slow, or stops and starts several times. -The feeling that you still have to go, even just after urinating. -Small amounts of blood in your urine. Severe BPH can cause serious problems over time, such as urinary tract infections, and bladder or kidney damage. If it is found early, you are less likely to develop these problems. Tests for BPH include a digital rectal exam, blood and imaging tests, a urine flow study, and examination with a scope called a cystoscope. Treatments include watchful waiting, medicines, nonsurgical procedures, and surgery. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
definition: The prostate is a gland in men. It helps make semen, the fluid that contains sperm. The prostate surrounds the tube that carries urine out of the body. As men age, their prostate grows bigger. If it gets too large, it can cause problems. An enlarged prostate is also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Most men will get BPH as they get older. Symptoms often start after age 50. BPH is not cancer, and it does not seem to increase your chance of getting prostate cancer. But the early symptoms are the same. Check with your doctor if you have. -A frequent and urgent need to urinate, especially at night. -Trouble starting a urine stream or making more than a dribble. -A urine stream that is weak, slow, or stops and starts several times. -The feeling that you still have to go, even just after urinating. -Small amounts of blood in your urine. Severe BPH can cause serious problems over time, such as urinary tract infections, and bladder or kidney damage. If it is found early, you are less likely to develop these problems. Tests for BPH include a digital rectal exam, blood and imaging tests, a urine flow study, and examination with a scope called a cystoscope. Treatments include watchful waiting, medicines, nonsurgical procedures, and surgery. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005013
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)
definition: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005014
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.
definition: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005018
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A colloidal, hydrated aluminum silicate that swells 12 times its dry size when added to water.
definition: A colloidal, hydrated aluminum silicate that swells 12 times its dry size when added to water.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005027
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics.
definition: A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005034
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES.
definition: Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005035
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.
definition: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005038
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.
definition: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005041
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.
definition: Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005059
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.
definition: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005064
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Drugs from this chemical class are used for their central nervous system depressant properties including sedation, facilitation of sleep, seizure control, general anesthesia, anxiolytic, amnestic, and for detoxification from similar (cross tolerant) drugs
definition: Drugs from this chemical class are used for their central nervous system depressant properties including sedation, facilitation of sleep, seizure control, general anesthesia, anxiolytic, amnestic, and for detoxification from similar (cross tolerant) drugs

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005067
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Organic compounds containing a BENZENE ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of NUCLEIC ACIDS to BENZOPYRENES and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.
definition: Organic compounds containing a BENZENE ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of NUCLEIC ACIDS to BENZOPYRENES and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005070
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A white crystalline compound prepared by condensation of benzaldehyde in potassium cyanide and used in organic syntheses. This should not be confused with benzoin gum from STYRAX.
definition: A white crystalline compound prepared by condensation of benzaldehyde in potassium cyanide and used in organic syntheses. This should not be confused with benzoin gum from STYRAX.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005072
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure.
definition: Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005076
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An aniline dye used as a disinfectant and an antiseptic agent. It is weakly fluorescing and binds specifically to certain proteins.
definition: An aniline dye used as a disinfectant and an antiseptic agent. It is weakly fluorescing and binds specifically to certain proteins.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005088
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.
definition: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005096
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222)
definition: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005098
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.
definition: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005099
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.
definition: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005100
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
definition: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005116
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.
definition: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005117
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal.
definition: An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005122
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) and characterized by polyneuritis, cardiac pathology, and edema. The epidemic form is found primarily in areas in which white (polished) rice is the staple food, as in Japan, China, the Philippines, India, and other countries of southeast Asia. (Dorland, 27th ed)
definition: A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) and characterized by polyneuritis, cardiac pathology, and edema. The epidemic form is found primarily in areas in which white (polished) rice is the staple food, as in Japan, China, the Philippines, India, and other countries of southeast Asia. (Dorland, 27th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005129
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Bernard-Soulier syndrome is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by a defect in or deficiency of the platelet membrane von Willebrand factor (VWF; 613160) receptor complex, glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib). GP Ib is composed of 4 subunits encoded by 4 separate genes: GP1BA, GP1BB, GP9, and GP5 (173511). Genetic Heterogeneity of Platelet-Type Bleeding Disorders Inherited platelet disorders are a heterogeneous group of bleeding disorders affecting platelet number, function, or both. Functional defects can involve platelet receptors, signaling pathways, cytoskeletal proteins, granule contents, activation, or aggregation (review by Cox et al., 2011 and Nurden and Nurden, 2011). Platelet-type bleeding disorders include Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BDPLT1); Glanzmann thrombasthenia (BDPLT2; 273800), caused by mutation in the ITGA2B (607759) or ITGB3 (173470) gene; pseudo-von Willebrand disease (BDPLT3; 177820), caused by mutation in the GP1BA gene (606672); gray platelet syndrome (BDPLT4; 139090), caused by mutation in the NBEAL2 gene (614169); Quebec platelet disorder (BDPLT5; 601709), caused by tandem duplication of the PLAU gene (191840); May-Hegglin anomaly (BDPLT6; 155100), caused by mutation in the MYH9 gene (160775); Scott syndrome (BDPLT7; 262890), caused by mutation in the TMEM16F gene (608663); BDPLT8 (609821), caused by mutation in the P2RY12 gene (600515); BDPLT9 (614200), associated with deficiency of the glycoprotein Ia/IIa receptor (see ITGA2; 192974); glycoprotein IV deficiency (BDPLT10; 608404), caused by mutation in the CD36 gene (173510); BDPLT11 (614201), caused by mutation in the GP6 gene (605546); BDPLT12 (605735), associated with a deficiency of platelet COX1 (176805); susceptibility to BDPLT13 (614009), caused by mutation in the TBXA2R gene (188070); BDPLT14 (614158), associated with deficiency of thromboxane synthetase (TBXAS1; 274180); BDPLT15 (615193), caused by mutation in the ACTN1 gene (102575); BDPLT16 (187800), caused by mutation in the ITGA…
definition: Bernard-Soulier syndrome is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by a defect in or deficiency of the platelet membrane von Willebrand factor (VWF; 613160) receptor complex, glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib). GP Ib is composed of 4 subunits encoded by 4 separate genes: GP1BA, GP1BB, GP9, and GP5 (173511). Genetic Heterogeneity of Platelet-Type Bleeding Disorders Inherited platelet disorders are a heterogeneous group of bleeding disorders affecting platelet number, function, or both. Functional defects can involve platelet receptors, signaling pathways, cytoskeletal proteins, granule contents, activation, or aggregation (review by Cox et al., 2011 and Nurden and Nurden, 2011). Platelet-type bleeding disorders include Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BDPLT1); Glanzmann thrombasthenia (BDPLT2; 273800), caused by mutation in the ITGA2B (607759) or ITGB3 (173470) gene; pseudo-von Willebrand disease (BDPLT3; 177820), caused by mutation in the GP1BA gene (606672); gray platelet syndrome (BDPLT4; 139090), caused by mutation in the NBEAL2 gene (614169); Quebec platelet disorder (BDPLT5; 601709), caused by tandem duplication of the PLAU gene (191840); May-Hegglin anomaly (BDPLT6; 155100), caused by mutation in the MYH9 gene (160775); Scott syndrome (BDPLT7; 262890), caused by mutation in the TMEM16F gene (608663); BDPLT8 (609821), caused by mutation in the P2RY12 gene (600515); BDPLT9 (614200), associated with deficiency of the glycoprotein Ia/IIa receptor (see ITGA2; 192974); glycoprotein IV deficiency (BDPLT10; 608404), caused by mutation in the CD36 gene (173510); BDPLT11 (614201), caused by mutation in the GP6 gene (605546); BDPLT12 (605735), associated with a deficiency of platelet COX1 (176805); susceptibility to BDPLT13 (614009), caused by mutation in the TBXA2R gene (188070); BDPLT14 (614158), associated with deficiency of thromboxane synthetase (TBXAS1; 274180); BDPLT15 (615193), caused by mutation in the ACTN1 gene (102575); BDPLT16 (187800), caused by mutation in the ITGA…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005136
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A small cerebral artery aneurysm, characterized by a saccular appearance, that typically forms at the junction of vessels in the circle of Willis.
definition: A small cerebral artery aneurysm, characterized by a saccular appearance, that typically forms at the junction of vessels in the circle of Willis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005220
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.
definition: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005283
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Beta-thalassemia (ß-thalassemia) is characterized by reduced synthesis of the hemoglobin subunit beta (hemoglobin beta chain) that results in microcytic hypochromic anemia, an abnormal peripheral blood smear with nucleated red blood cells, and reduced amounts of hemoglobin A (HbA) on hemoglobin analysis. Individuals with thalassemia major have severe anemia and hepatosplenomegaly; they usually come to medical attention within the first two years of life. Without treatment, affected children have severe failure to thrive and shortened life expectancy. Treatment with a regular transfusion program and chelation therapy, aimed at reducing transfusion iron overload, allows for normal growth and development and may improve the overall prognosis. Individuals with thalassemia intermedia present later and have milder anemia that does not require regular treatment with blood transfusion. These individuals are at risk for iron overload secondary to increased intestinal absorption of iron as a result of ineffective erythropoiesis.
definition: Beta-thalassemia (ß-thalassemia) is characterized by reduced synthesis of the hemoglobin subunit beta (hemoglobin beta chain) that results in microcytic hypochromic anemia, an abnormal peripheral blood smear with nucleated red blood cells, and reduced amounts of hemoglobin A (HbA) on hemoglobin analysis. Individuals with thalassemia major have severe anemia and hepatosplenomegaly; they usually come to medical attention within the first two years of life. Without treatment, affected children have severe failure to thrive and shortened life expectancy. Treatment with a regular transfusion program and chelation therapy, aimed at reducing transfusion iron overload, allows for normal growth and development and may improve the overall prognosis. Individuals with thalassemia intermedia present later and have milder anemia that does not require regular treatment with blood transfusion. These individuals are at risk for iron overload secondary to increased intestinal absorption of iron as a result of ineffective erythropoiesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005287
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.
definition: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005301
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.
definition: A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005304
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)
definition: A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005308
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)
definition: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005320
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity.
definition: A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005321
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.
definition: A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005323
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Quaternary ammonium compounds that include BETHANECHOL.
definition: Quaternary ammonium compounds that include BETHANECHOL.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005324
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear.
definition: A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005330
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) with antilipidemic activity. Bezafibrate decreases triglyceride levels, increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, and decreases total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.
definition: An agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) with antilipidemic activity. Bezafibrate decreases triglyceride levels, increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, and decreases total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005367
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.
definition: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005372
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.
definition: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005382
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.
definition: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005395
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include cholangitis and biliary atresia. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include extrahepatic bile duct adenoma and cholangiocarcinoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include cholangitis and biliary atresia. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include extrahepatic bile duct adenoma and cholangiocarcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005396
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include bile duct adenoma and extrahepatic bile duct lipoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include bile duct adenoma and extrahepatic bile duct lipoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005398
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in large bile ducts outside the liver.
definition: Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in large bile ducts outside the liver.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005403
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS.
definition: Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005411
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital disorder characterized by blockage or absence of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts.
definition: A congenital disorder characterized by blockage or absence of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005416
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.
definition: A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005417
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.
definition: Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005424
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormality of the biliary tree.
definition: An abnormality of the biliary tree.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005426
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the biliary system. [HPO:probinson]
definition: A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the biliary system. [HPO:probinson]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005443
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Presence of conjugated bilirubin in the urine. [OHSU:jpgourdine]
definition: Presence of conjugated bilirubin in the urine. [OHSU:jpgourdine]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005458
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.
definition: The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005461
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any inability to efficiently utilize and/or sustain binocular vision.
definition: Any inability to efficiently utilize and/or sustain binocular vision.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005492
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Naturally occurring flavone or coumarin derivatives having the activity of the so-called vitamin P, notably rutin and esculin.
definition: Naturally occurring flavone or coumarin derivatives having the activity of the so-called vitamin P, notably rutin and esculin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005496
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology.
definition: A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005522
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by biological methods or assay.
definition: Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by biological methods or assay.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005525
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any substance that induces, enhances, restores or suppresses the host's immune system, or an agent that utilizes or is derived from a component of the immune system.
definition: Any substance that induces, enhances, restores or suppresses the host's immune system, or an agent that utilizes or is derived from a component of the immune system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005575
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.
definition: A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005578
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.
definition: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005586
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder of the brain that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Often these moods range and shift from periods of elation and energized behavior to those of hopelessness and depression.
definition: A disorder of the brain that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Often these moods range and shift from periods of elation and energized behavior to those of hopelessness and depression.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005587
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The depressive stage of bipolar disorder.
definition: The depressive stage of bipolar disorder.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005591
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc.
definition: Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005592
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled avian antigens, usually proteins in the dust of bird feathers and droppings.
definition: A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled avian antigens, usually proteins in the dust of bird feathers and droppings.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005607
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Indicates the sequence of a biologic entity's birth in the family group.
definition: Indicates the sequence of a biologic entity's birth in the family group.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005632
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)
definition: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005640
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A hydroxycoumarin originally isolated from molding sweet-clover hay, with anticoagulant and vitamin K depletion activities. Dicumarol is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin K epoxide reductase; thus, it inhibits vitamin K recycling and causes depletion of active vitamin K in blood. This prevents the formation of the active form of prothrombin and several other coagulant enzymes, and inhibits blood clotting.
definition: A hydroxycoumarin originally isolated from molding sweet-clover hay, with anticoagulant and vitamin K depletion activities. Dicumarol is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin K epoxide reductase; thus, it inhibits vitamin K recycling and causes depletion of active vitamin K in blood. This prevents the formation of the active form of prothrombin and several other coagulant enzymes, and inhibits blood clotting.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005642
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.
definition: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005681
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A complication of MALARIA, FALCIPARUM characterized by the passage of dark red to black urine.
definition: A complication of MALARIA, FALCIPARUM characterized by the passage of dark red to black urine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005683
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Buildups of minerals that form in the urinary bladder.
definition: Buildups of minerals that form in the urinary bladder.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005684
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Bladder cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the bladder become abnormal and multiply without control or order. The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine until it is ready to be excreted from the body. The most common type of bladder cancer begins in cells lining the inside of the bladder and is called transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).Bladder cancer may cause blood in the urine, pain during urination, frequent urination, or the feeling that one needs to urinate without results. These signs and symptoms are not specific to bladder cancer, however. They also can be caused by noncancerous conditions such as infections.
definition: Bladder cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the bladder become abnormal and multiply without control or order. The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine until it is ready to be excreted from the body. The most common type of bladder cancer begins in cells lining the inside of the bladder and is called transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).Bladder cancer may cause blood in the urine, pain during urination, frequent urination, or the feeling that one needs to urinate without results. These signs and symptoms are not specific to bladder cancer, however. They also can be caused by noncancerous conditions such as infections.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005686
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the urinary bladder. A representative example of non-neoplastic bladder disorder is bacterial bladder infection. A representative example of neoplastic bladder disorder is bladder carcinoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the urinary bladder. A representative example of non-neoplastic bladder disorder is bacterial bladder infection. A representative example of neoplastic bladder disorder is bladder carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005689
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A birth defect in which the URINARY BLADDER is malformed and exposed, inside out, and protruded through the ABDOMINAL WALL. It is caused by closure defects involving the top front surface of the bladder, as well as the lower abdominal wall; SKIN; MUSCLES; and the pubic bone.
definition: A birth defect in which the URINARY BLADDER is malformed and exposed, inside out, and protruded through the ABDOMINAL WALL. It is caused by closure defects involving the top front surface of the bladder, as well as the lower abdominal wall; SKIN; MUSCLES; and the pubic bone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005690
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An abnormal communication between the urinary bladder and another organ or anatomic site.
definition: An abnormal communication between the urinary bladder and another organ or anatomic site.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005694
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Blockage of the opening between the bladder and the urethra resulting in the reduction or prevention of the urine flow from the bladder into the urethra.
definition: Blockage of the opening between the bladder and the urethra resulting in the reduction or prevention of the urine flow from the bladder into the urethra.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005695
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm of the bladder. - 2003
definition: A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm of the bladder. - 2003

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005697
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An inability to completely empty the urinary bladder during the process of urination owing to a neurological condition.
definition: An inability to completely empty the urinary bladder during the process of urination owing to a neurological condition.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005699
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is characterized by: 1. the presence of blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow that are at least 20% of the peripheral blood white cells or of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow respectively, or 2. an extramedullary proliferation of blasts, and/or 3. when there are large aggregates and clusters of blasts in the bone marrow biopsy specimen (adapted from WHO, 2001).
definition: An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is characterized by: 1. the presence of blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow that are at least 20% of the peripheral blood white cells or of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow respectively, or 2. an extramedullary proliferation of blasts, and/or 3. when there are large aggregates and clusters of blasts in the bone marrow biopsy specimen (adapted from WHO, 2001).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005716
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A fungal infection caused by inhalation of spores of Blastomyces dermatitidis. It presents with flu-like symptoms including fever, chills, cough, pleuritic chest pain and myalgias. It may lead to a chronic granulomatous pulmonary infection and disseminate to other anatomic sites including skin, nervous system and bones.
definition: A fungal infection caused by inhalation of spores of Blastomyces dermatitidis. It presents with flu-like symptoms including fever, chills, cough, pleuritic chest pain and myalgias. It may lead to a chronic granulomatous pulmonary infection and disseminate to other anatomic sites including skin, nervous system and bones.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005717
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pulmonary disease resulting from infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis, which is prevalent in North America.
definition: A pulmonary disease resulting from infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis, which is prevalent in North America.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005741
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the eyelids near the eyelashes.
definition: Inflammation of the eyelids near the eyelashes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005742
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Blepharochalasis is characterized by recurrent, non-painful, nonerythematous episodes of eyelid edema. It has been divided into hypertrophic and atrophic forms. In the hypertrophic form recurrent edema results in orbital fat herniation through a weakened orbital septum. Most patients who have blepharochalasis present in an atrophic condition with atrophy of redundant eyelid skin and superior nasal fat pads.
definition: Blepharochalasis is characterized by recurrent, non-painful, nonerythematous episodes of eyelid edema. It has been divided into hypertrophic and atrophic forms. In the hypertrophic form recurrent edema results in orbital fat herniation through a weakened orbital septum. Most patients who have blepharochalasis present in an atrophic condition with atrophy of redundant eyelid skin and superior nasal fat pads.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005743
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of both the eyelids and the conjunctiva.
definition: Inflammation of both the eyelids and the conjunctiva.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005744
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures.
definition: A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005745
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.
definition: Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005747
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A focal dystonia that affects the muscles of the eyelids and brow, associated with involuntary recurrent spasm of both eyelids.
definition: A focal dystonia that affects the muscles of the eyelids and brow, associated with involuntary recurrent spasm of both eyelids.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005750
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder affecting the small intestine. It is caused by the stasis of food and subsequent overgrowth of bacteria in a portion of the small intestine that is unintentionally bypassed as a complication of abdominal surgery or as a sequela of gastrointestinal disorders which impede effective motility. Clinical signs include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. If untreated, the clinical course progresses to malabsorption of fats, vitamin B12 and calcium, the latter which predisposes to nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis.
definition: A disorder affecting the small intestine. It is caused by the stasis of food and subsequent overgrowth of bacteria in a portion of the small intestine that is unintentionally bypassed as a complication of abdominal surgery or as a sequela of gastrointestinal disorders which impede effective motility. Clinical signs include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. If untreated, the clinical course progresses to malabsorption of fats, vitamin B12 and calcium, the latter which predisposes to nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005754
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Blindness with onset at birth.
definition: Blindness with onset at birth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005758
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: A fluid-filled, raised, often translucent lesion, greater than 1 cm in diameter
definition: A fluid-filled, raised, often translucent lesion, greater than 1 cm in diameter

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005779
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal coagulation properties of the blood.
definition: A condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal coagulation properties of the blood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005789
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process.
definition: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005806
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antigenic mismatch between donor and recipient blood. Antibodies present in the recipient's serum may be directed against antigens in the donor product. Such a mismatch may result in a transfusion reaction in which, for example, donor blood is hemolyzed. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984).
definition: An antigenic mismatch between donor and recipient blood. Antibodies present in the recipient's serum may be directed against antigens in the donor product. Such a mismatch may result in a transfusion reaction in which, for example, donor blood is hemolyzed. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005818
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.
definition: Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005830
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.
definition: Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005836
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any agent that is able to increase blood volume and/or increase the oxygen transport in the blood.
definition: Any agent that is able to increase blood volume and/or increase the oxygen transport in the blood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005859
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Bloom syndrome (BSyn) is characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, immune abnormalities, sensitivity to sunlight, insulin resistance, and a high risk for many cancers that occur at an early age. Despite their very small head circumference, most affected individuals have normal intellectual ability. Women may be fertile but often have early menopause, and men tend to be infertile, with only one confirmed case of paternity. Serious medical complications that are more common than in the general population and that also appear at unusually early ages include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus as a result of insulin resistance, and cancer of a wide variety of types and anatomic sites.
definition: Bloom syndrome (BSyn) is characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, immune abnormalities, sensitivity to sunlight, insulin resistance, and a high risk for many cancers that occur at an early age. Despite their very small head circumference, most affected individuals have normal intellectual ability. Women may be fertile but often have early menopause, and men tend to be infertile, with only one confirmed case of paternity. Serious medical complications that are more common than in the general population and that also appear at unusually early ages include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus as a result of insulin resistance, and cancer of a wide variety of types and anatomic sites.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005866
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A reovirus infection, chiefly of sheep, characterized by a swollen blue tongue, catarrhal inflammation of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and often by inflammation of sensitive laminae of the feet and coronet.
definition: A reovirus infection, chiefly of sheep, characterized by a swollen blue tongue, catarrhal inflammation of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and often by inflammation of sensitive laminae of the feet and coronet.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005874
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Involuntary reddening, especially of the face, associated with feelings of embarrassment, confusion or shame.
definition: Involuntary reddening, especially of the face, associated with feelings of embarrassment, confusion or shame.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005887
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Preoccupations with appearance or self-image causing significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning.
definition: Preoccupations with appearance or self-image causing significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005904
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormality of temperature homeostasis.
definition: An abnormality of temperature homeostasis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005911
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A clinical manifestation consisting of alterations in an individual's weight from his or her norm.
definition: A clinical manifestation consisting of alterations in an individual's weight from his or her norm.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005937
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A benign fluid filled simple cyst of bone filled with serous fluid.
definition: A benign fluid filled simple cyst of bone filled with serous fluid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005940
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases of BONES.
definition: Diseases of BONES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005941
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any disorder of development of the bone.
definition: Any disorder of development of the bone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005942
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases of the bones related to hyperfunction or hypofunction of the endocrine glands.
definition: Diseases of the bones related to hyperfunction or hypofunction of the endocrine glands.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005943
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
definition: Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005944
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A group of disorders that affect the bones secondary to increased levels of minerals or deficient levels of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. Representative examples are osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and Paget disease.
definition: A group of disorders that affect the bones secondary to increased levels of minerals or deficient levels of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. Representative examples are osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and Paget disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005956
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any disease of the bone marrow.
definition: Any disease of the bone marrow.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005959
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Increase in the number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. It may involve all or individual hematopoietic cell lines.
definition: Increase in the number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. It may involve all or individual hematopoietic cell lines.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005967
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm involving the bone or articular cartilage.
definition: A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm involving the bone or articular cartilage.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0005982
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.
definition: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006008
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Congenital disorder of lambs caused by a virus closely related to or identical with certain strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus.
definition: Congenital disorder of lambs caused by a virus closely related to or identical with certain strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006009
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Borderline intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 70-85.
definition: Borderline intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 70-85.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006012
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of unstable self-image and mood together with volatile interpersonal relationships, self-damaging impulsivity, recurrent suicidal threats or gestures and/or self-mutilating behavior.
definition: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of unstable self-image and mood together with volatile interpersonal relationships, self-damaging impulsivity, recurrent suicidal threats or gestures and/or self-mutilating behavior.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006015
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus BORDETELLA.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus BORDETELLA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006020
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A weakly acidic hydrate of boric oxide with mild antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The exact mechanism of action of boric acid is unknown; generally cytotoxic to all cells. It is used in the treatment of yeast infections and cold sores.
definition: A weakly acidic hydrate of boric oxide with mild antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The exact mechanism of action of boric acid is unknown; generally cytotoxic to all cells. It is used in the treatment of yeast infections and cold sores.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006023
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An encephalomyelitis of horses, sheep and cattle caused by BORNA DISEASE VIRUS.
definition: An encephalomyelitis of horses, sheep and cattle caused by BORNA DISEASE VIRUS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006035
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus BORRELIA.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus BORRELIA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006044
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Antiserum given therapeutically in BOTULISM.
definition: Antiserum given therapeutically in BOTULISM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006050
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A serotype of botulinum toxins that has specificity for cleavage of SYNAPTOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25.
definition: A serotype of botulinum toxins that has specificity for cleavage of SYNAPTOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006055
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.
definition: Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006060
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A febrile disease of the Mediterranean area, the Crimea, Africa, and India, caused by infection with RICKETTSIA CONORII.
definition: A febrile disease of the Mediterranean area, the Crimea, Africa, and India, caused by infection with RICKETTSIA CONORII.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006075
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acute disease of cattle caused by the bovine viral diarrhea viruses (DIARRHEA VIRUSES, BOVINE VIRAL). Often mouth ulcerations are the only sign but fever, diarrhea, drop in milk yield, and loss of appetite are also seen. Severity of clinical disease varies and is strain dependent. Outbreaks are characterized by low morbidity and high mortality.
definition: Acute disease of cattle caused by the bovine viral diarrhea viruses (DIARRHEA VIRUSES, BOVINE VIRAL). Often mouth ulcerations are the only sign but fever, diarrhea, drop in milk yield, and loss of appetite are also seen. Severity of clinical disease varies and is strain dependent. Outbreaks are characterized by low morbidity and high mortality.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006079
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A form of squamous cell carcinoma in situ. It is a distinct clinicopathological entity and arises from the skin or the mucocutaneous junction. It affects predominantly white males in their 6-8th decades of life. Exposed and non-exposed skin sites are equally affected. UV damage and ingestion of inorganic arsenic may play a role in the development of the disease. On the skin surface, it presents as a single or multiple erythematous, scaly, keratotic patches or plaques. The clinical entity of erythroplasia of Queyrat is regarded as Bowen disease of the penis and it presents as an asymptomatic, red, circumscribed plaque. Morphologically, Bowen disease is characterized by the presence of hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, dyskeratosis, and acanthosis. The keratotic squamous cells are atypical and display hyperchromatism and abnormal mitotic figures. The dermoepidermal basement membrane is intact. Complete surgical removal of the lesion may be curative.
definition: A form of squamous cell carcinoma in situ. It is a distinct clinicopathological entity and arises from the skin or the mucocutaneous junction. It affects predominantly white males in their 6-8th decades of life. Exposed and non-exposed skin sites are equally affected. UV damage and ingestion of inorganic arsenic may play a role in the development of the disease. On the skin surface, it presents as a single or multiple erythematous, scaly, keratotic patches or plaques. The clinical entity of erythroplasia of Queyrat is regarded as Bowen disease of the penis and it presents as an asymptomatic, red, circumscribed plaque. Morphologically, Bowen disease is characterized by the presence of hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, dyskeratosis, and acanthosis. The keratotic squamous cells are atypical and display hyperchromatism and abnormal mitotic figures. The dermoepidermal basement membrane is intact. Complete surgical removal of the lesion may be curative.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006105
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)
definition: A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006109
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.
definition: A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006110
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Irreversible absence of cortical and brain stem functioning.
definition: Irreversible absence of cortical and brain stem functioning.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006111
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the brain.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the brain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006112
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acquired or inborn metabolic diseases that produce brain dysfunction or damage. These include primary (i.e., disorders intrinsic to the brain) and secondary (i.e., extracranial) metabolic conditions that adversely affect cerebral function.
definition: Acquired or inborn metabolic diseases that produce brain dysfunction or damage. These include primary (i.e., disorders intrinsic to the brain) and secondary (i.e., extracranial) metabolic conditions that adversely affect cerebral function.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006114
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain.
definition: Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006118
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from or metastasizes to the brain.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from or metastasizes to the brain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006123
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An occlusion of a branch of the retinal artery.
definition: An occlusion of a branch of the retinal artery.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006131
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A branchial cyst is a remnant of embryonic development resulting from a failure of obliteration of a branchial cleft and consists of a subcutaneous cystic mass. Cysts are located anterior or posterior to the ear or in the submandibular region.
definition: A branchial cyst is a remnant of embryonic development resulting from a failure of obliteration of a branchial cleft and consists of a subcutaneous cystic mass. Cysts are located anterior or posterior to the ear or in the submandibular region.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006142
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is characterized by an increased risk for female and male breast cancer, ovarian cancer (includes fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancers), and to a lesser extent other cancers such as prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma primarily in individuals with a BRCA2 pathogenic variant. The exact cancer risks differ slightly depending on whether HBOC is caused by a BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variant.
definition: BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is characterized by an increased risk for female and male breast cancer, ovarian cancer (includes fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancers), and to a lesser extent other cancers such as prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma primarily in individuals with a BRCA2 pathogenic variant. The exact cancer risks differ slightly depending on whether HBOC is caused by a BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variant.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006145
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the breast. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include fibrocystic disease, gynecomastia, and mastitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include fibroadenoma, lobular neoplasia, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the breast. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include fibrocystic disease, gynecomastia, and mastitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include fibroadenoma, lobular neoplasia, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006152
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Enlargement of the breast due to increased fluid volume.
definition: Enlargement of the breast due to increased fluid volume.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006157
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A fetal presentation in which the baby descends into the birth canal with hips, buttocks or its foot first during delivery.
definition: A fetal presentation in which the baby descends into the birth canal with hips, buttocks or its foot first during delivery.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006160
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign, borderline, or malignant transitional cell neoplasm arising from the ovary. It constitutes between 1% and 2% of all ovarian neoplasms. The average age at presentation is about 50 years. Grossly it is usually unilateral, firm and white or yellowish. Microscopically it consists of solid and cystic nests of epithelial cells resembling transitional epithelium surrounded by an abundant stromal component of dense, fibroblastic nature.
definition: A benign, borderline, or malignant transitional cell neoplasm arising from the ovary. It constitutes between 1% and 2% of all ovarian neoplasms. The average age at presentation is about 50 years. Grossly it is usually unilateral, firm and white or yellowish. Microscopically it consists of solid and cystic nests of epithelial cells resembling transitional epithelium surrounded by an abundant stromal component of dense, fibroblastic nature.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006168
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.
definition: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006188
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A fibrinolytic and thrombolytic enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae. EC 3.4.99.-.
definition: A fibrinolytic and thrombolytic enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae. EC 3.4.99.-.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006210
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A histidine decarboxylase inhibitor.
definition: A histidine decarboxylase inhibitor.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006213
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.
definition: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006217
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the pineapple plant that cleaves sulfhydryl groups. The enzyme is adsorbed intact through the gastrointestinal tract and has demonstrated therapeutic benefit. Bromelain has the ability to modulate cytokines, and has also demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, immune response activity, and fibrinolytic activity.
definition: A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the pineapple plant that cleaves sulfhydryl groups. The enzyme is adsorbed intact through the gastrointestinal tract and has demonstrated therapeutic benefit. Bromelain has the ability to modulate cytokines, and has also demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, immune response activity, and fibrinolytic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006220
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744)
definition: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006226
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.
definition: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006230
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.
definition: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006233
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A halogenated thymidine analogue with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitizing activities. Bromodeoxyuridine competes with thymidine for incorporation into DNA, resulting in DNA mutation and the inhibition of cell proliferation. As a radiosensitizer, this agent is associated with the inhibition of repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks.
definition: A halogenated thymidine analogue with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitizing activities. Bromodeoxyuridine competes with thymidine for incorporation into DNA, resulting in DNA mutation and the inhibition of cell proliferation. As a radiosensitizer, this agent is associated with the inhibition of repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006246
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.
definition: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006261
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases involving the BRONCHI.
definition: Diseases involving the BRONCHI.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006262
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An abnormal communication between the bronchus and another organ or anatomic site.
definition: An abnormal communication between the bronchus and another organ or anatomic site.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006264
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A tumor originating in a bronchus.
definition: A tumor originating in a bronchus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006266
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A spasm (sudden, involuntary constriction) of the bronchioles.
definition: A spasm (sudden, involuntary constriction) of the bronchioles.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006267
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi owing to localized and irreversible destruction and widening of the large airways.
definition: Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi owing to localized and irreversible destruction and widening of the large airways.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006271
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.
definition: Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006272
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchioles leading to partial or complete obstruction of these airways.
definition: Inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchioles leading to partial or complete obstruction of these airways.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006274
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute inflammatory disease of the lower RESPIRATORY TRACT, caused by paramyxoviruses, occurring primarily in infants and young children; the viruses most commonly implicated are PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE 3; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, HUMAN; and METAPNEUMOVIRUS.
definition: An acute inflammatory disease of the lower RESPIRATORY TRACT, caused by paramyxoviruses, occurring primarily in infants and young children; the viruses most commonly implicated are PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE 3; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, HUMAN; and METAPNEUMOVIRUS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006277
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the bronchi.
definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the bronchi.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006280
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
definition: Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006281
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A rare congenital cystic lesion of the lungs in the mediastinum.
definition: A rare congenital cystic lesion of the lungs in the mediastinum.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006285
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Acute inflammation of the walls of the terminal bronchioles that spreads into the peribronchial alveoli and alveolar ducts. It results in the creation of foci of consolidation, which are surrounded by normal parenchyma. It affects one or more lobes, and is frequently bilateral and basal. It is usually caused by bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae). Signs and symptoms include fever, cough with production of brown-red sputum, dyspnea, and chest pain.
definition: Acute inflammation of the walls of the terminal bronchioles that spreads into the peribronchial alveoli and alveolar ducts. It results in the creation of foci of consolidation, which are surrounded by normal parenchyma. It affects one or more lobes, and is frequently bilateral and basal. It is usually caused by bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae). Signs and symptoms include fever, cough with production of brown-red sputum, dyspnea, and chest pain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006287
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.
definition: A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006288
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A developmental anomaly in which a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue lacks normal connection with the tracheobroncheal tree and receives an anomalous blood supply originating from the descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. The mass may be extralobar, i.e., completely separated from normally connected lung, or intralobar, i.e., partly surrounded by normal lung.
definition: A developmental anomaly in which a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue lacks normal connection with the tracheobroncheal tree and receives an anomalous blood supply originating from the descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. The mass may be extralobar, i.e., completely separated from normally connected lung, or intralobar, i.e., partly surrounded by normal lung.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006307
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A bacterial vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in man and animal. Brucella abortus vaccine is used for the immunization of cattle, sheep, and goats.
definition: A bacterial vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in man and animal. Brucella abortus vaccine is used for the immunization of cattle, sheep, and goats.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006309
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A gram negative bacterial infection caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Humans are infected by ingesting unpasteurized milk or meat from infected animals. Signs and symptoms include fevers, sweating, weakness, headache, muscle pain, arthritis and anemia.
definition: A gram negative bacterial infection caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Humans are infected by ingesting unpasteurized milk or meat from infected animals. Signs and symptoms include fevers, sweating, weakness, headache, muscle pain, arthritis and anemia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006325
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth.
definition: A disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006351
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.
definition: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006353
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An ionic compound that resists changes in its pH.
definition: An ionic compound that resists changes in its pH.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006359
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An agent belonging to the biguanide class of antidiabetics with antihyperglycemic activity. Buformin is not metabolized and is excreted in the urine. This agent has been withdrawn from the market due to its elevated risk of lactic acidosis.
definition: An agent belonging to the biguanide class of antidiabetics with antihyperglycemic activity. Buformin is not metabolized and is excreted in the urine. This agent has been withdrawn from the market due to its elevated risk of lactic acidosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006370
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A form of anomalous eating behavior characterized by binge eating is followed by self-induced vomiting or other compensatory behavior intended to prevent weight gain (purging, fasting or exercising or a combination of these).
definition: A form of anomalous eating behavior characterized by binge eating is followed by self-induced vomiting or other compensatory behavior intended to prevent weight gain (purging, fasting or exercising or a combination of these).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006376
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A potent sulfamoylanthranilic acid derivative belonging to the class of loop diuretics. In the brain, bumetanide may prevent seizures in neonates by blocking the bumetanide-sensitive sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC1), thereby inhibiting chloride uptake thus, decreasing the internal chloride concentration in neurons and may block the excitatory effect of GABA in neonates.
definition: A potent sulfamoylanthranilic acid derivative belonging to the class of loop diuretics. In the brain, bumetanide may prevent seizures in neonates by blocking the bumetanide-sensitive sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC1), thereby inhibiting chloride uptake thus, decreasing the internal chloride concentration in neurons and may block the excitatory effect of GABA in neonates.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006378
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: N-Butyl-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-naphthamide. A proposed antiarrhythmic that prolongs myocardial refractory period and stabilizes cell membranes.
definition: N-Butyl-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-naphthamide. A proposed antiarrhythmic that prolongs myocardial refractory period and stabilizes cell membranes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006384
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of heart block in which the electrical stimulation of HEART VENTRICLES is interrupted at either one of the branches of BUNDLE OF HIS thus preventing the simultaneous depolarization of the two ventricles.
definition: A form of heart block in which the electrical stimulation of HEART VENTRICLES is interrupted at either one of the branches of BUNDLE OF HIS thus preventing the simultaneous depolarization of the two ventricles.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006388
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A naphthalenone and non-cardioselective adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist with anti-glaucoma activity. Upon administration in the eye, levobunolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing vasoconstriction. Levobunolol also decreases ciliary's body production of aqueous humor, leading to a decrease in aqueous humor.
definition: A naphthalenone and non-cardioselective adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist with anti-glaucoma activity. Upon administration in the eye, levobunolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing vasoconstriction. Levobunolol also decreases ciliary's body production of aqueous humor, leading to a decrease in aqueous humor.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006396
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Virus diseases caused by the BUNYAVIRIDAE.
definition: Virus diseases caused by the BUNYAVIRIDAE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006400
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A widely used local anesthetic agent.
definition: A widely used local anesthetic agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006403
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.
definition: An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006405
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.
definition: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006408
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.
definition: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006413
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Burkitt lymphoma is a rare, aggressive B-cell lymphoma that accounts for 30 to 50% of lymphomas in children but only 1 to 2% of lymphomas in adults (Harris and Horning, 2006). It results from chromosomal translocations that involve the MYC gene (190080) and either the lambda or the kappa light chain immunoglobulin genes (147220, 147200). Burkitt lymphoma is causally related to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), although the pathogenetic mechanisms are not clear.
definition: Burkitt lymphoma is a rare, aggressive B-cell lymphoma that accounts for 30 to 50% of lymphomas in children but only 1 to 2% of lymphomas in adults (Harris and Horning, 2006). It results from chromosomal translocations that involve the MYC gene (190080) and either the lambda or the kappa light chain immunoglobulin genes (147220, 147200). Burkitt lymphoma is causally related to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), although the pathogenetic mechanisms are not clear.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006430
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition characterized by a burning or tingling sensation on the lips, tongue, or entire mouth.
definition: A condition characterized by a burning or tingling sensation on the lips, tongue, or entire mouth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006433
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An excessive stress reaction to one's occupational or professional environment. It may be characterized by feelings of emotional and physical exhaustion, coupled with a sense of frustration and failure.
definition: An excessive stress reaction to one's occupational or professional environment. It may be characterized by feelings of emotional and physical exhaustion, coupled with a sense of frustration and failure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006444
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Inflammation of a synovial bursa.
definition: Inflammation of a synovial bursa.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006456
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.
definition: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006462
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.
definition: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006463
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic derivative of dimethane-sulfonate with antineoplastic and cytotoxic properties. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, busulfan appears to act through the alkylation of DNA. Following systemic absorption of busulfan, carbonium ions are formed, resulting in DNA alkylation and DNA breaks and inhibition of DNA replication and RNA transcription. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic derivative of dimethane-sulfonate with antineoplastic and cytotoxic properties. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, busulfan appears to act through the alkylation of DNA. Following systemic absorption of busulfan, carbonium ions are formed, resulting in DNA alkylation and DNA breaks and inhibition of DNA replication and RNA transcription. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006467
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benzocycloheptapyridoisoquinolinol that has been used as an antipsychotic, especially in schizophrenia.
definition: A benzocycloheptapyridoisoquinolinol that has been used as an antipsychotic, especially in schizophrenia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006491
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.
definition: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006493
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS.
definition: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006506
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A white, waxy solid mixture of 2- and 3-Tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole with a faint aromatic odor. Butylated Hydroxyanisole is a widely used synthetic antioxidant in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals mainly to preserve fats and oils. Butylated Hydroxyanisole is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05)
definition: A white, waxy solid mixture of 2- and 3-Tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole with a faint aromatic odor. Butylated Hydroxyanisole is a widely used synthetic antioxidant in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals mainly to preserve fats and oils. Butylated Hydroxyanisole is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006507
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties.
definition: A di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006519
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An orally available bromide salt form of butylscopolamine, a quaternary ammonium derivative of the alkaloid scopolamine, with anticholinergic property. Upon oral administration, hyoscine butylbromide binds to and blocks muscarinic receptors located on postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and on smooth muscle cells. This blocks the activity of acetylcholine (Ach) and causes its antispasmodic effect in the gastrointestinal (GI), urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts. This agent may also facilitate radiologic visualization of the GI tract.
definition: An orally available bromide salt form of butylscopolamine, a quaternary ammonium derivative of the alkaloid scopolamine, with anticholinergic property. Upon oral administration, hyoscine butylbromide binds to and blocks muscarinic receptors located on postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and on smooth muscle cells. This blocks the activity of acetylcholine (Ach) and causes its antispasmodic effect in the gastrointestinal (GI), urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts. This agent may also facilitate radiologic visualization of the GI tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006525
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds containing phenyl-1-butanone.
definition: Compounds containing phenyl-1-butanone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006542
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION resulting from hypersensitive reaction to inhaled dust during the initial processing of cotton, flax, or hemp in the textile industry. Symptoms include wheezing and tightness in the chest.
definition: A condition of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION resulting from hypersensitive reaction to inhaled dust during the initial processing of cotton, flax, or hemp in the textile industry. Symptoms include wheezing and tightness in the chest.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006625
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A loss of body mass, fatigue, and weakness; it is often associated with chronic disease.
definition: A loss of body mass, fatigue, and weakness; it is often associated with chronic disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006639
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.
definition: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006644
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A methylxanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia that is structurally related to adenosine and acts primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist with psychotropic and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon ingestion, caffeine binds to adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), which inhibits adenosine binding. This inhibits the adenosine-mediated downregulation of CNS activity; thus, stimulating the activity of the medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers in the brain. This agent also promotes neurotransmitter release that further stimulates the CNS. The anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine are due the nonselective competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Inhibition of PDEs raises the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP), activates protein kinase A, and inhibits leukotriene synthesis, which leads to reduced inflammation and innate immunity.
definition: A methylxanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia that is structurally related to adenosine and acts primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist with psychotropic and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon ingestion, caffeine binds to adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), which inhibits adenosine binding. This inhibits the adenosine-mediated downregulation of CNS activity; thus, stimulating the activity of the medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers in the brain. This agent also promotes neurotransmitter release that further stimulates the CNS. The anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine are due the nonselective competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Inhibition of PDEs raises the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP), activates protein kinase A, and inhibits leukotriene synthesis, which leads to reduced inflammation and innate immunity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006657
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties.
definition: The major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006663
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Deposition of calcium in the tissues. It may be the result of a metabolic disorder or long-standing infection, or it may be associated with the presence of cancer.
definition: Deposition of calcium in the tissues. It may be the result of a metabolic disorder or long-standing infection, or it may be associated with the presence of cancer.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006664
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Deposition of calcium in the skin.
definition: Deposition of calcium in the skin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006666
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare syndrome characterized by vascular calcification and skin necrosis. It seen in patients with end stage renal disease.
definition: A rare syndrome characterized by vascular calcification and skin necrosis. It seen in patients with end stage renal disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006668
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.
definition: A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006674
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic physiologically-active analog of vitamin D, specifically the vitamin D3 form. Calcitriol regulates calcium in vivo by promoting absorption in the intestine, reabsorption in the kidneys, and, along with parathyroid hormone, regulation of bone growth. A calcitriol receptor-binding protein appears to exist in the mucosa of human intestine. Calcitriol also induces cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, resulting in inhibition of proliferation of some tumor cell types. This agent may be chemopreventive for colon and prostate cancers. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic physiologically-active analog of vitamin D, specifically the vitamin D3 form. Calcitriol regulates calcium in vivo by promoting absorption in the intestine, reabsorption in the kidneys, and, along with parathyroid hormone, regulation of bone growth. A calcitriol receptor-binding protein appears to exist in the mucosa of human intestine. Calcitriol also induces cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, resulting in inhibition of proliferation of some tumor cell types. This agent may be chemopreventive for colon and prostate cancers. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006675
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
definition: A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006681
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.
definition: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006683
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. This causes vasoconstriction in VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE and/or CARDIAC MUSCLE cells as well as stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Therefore, tissue-selective calcium agonists have the potential to combat cardiac failure and endocrinological disorders. They have been used primarily in experimental studies in cell and tissue culture.
definition: Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. This causes vasoconstriction in VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE and/or CARDIAC MUSCLE cells as well as stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Therefore, tissue-selective calcium agonists have the potential to combat cardiac failure and endocrinological disorders. They have been used primarily in experimental studies in cell and tissue culture.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006684
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.
definition: A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006686
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A crystalline, white substance, soluble in water, Calcium Chloride is the chloride salt of calcium, a bivalent metallic element with many crucial biological roles. Calcium is a major constituent of the skeleton but plays many roles as an intracellular and plasma ion as well. In medicine, calcium chloride is also used as a 10% solution in injection, for calcium replenishment. (NCI04)
definition: A crystalline, white substance, soluble in water, Calcium Chloride is the chloride salt of calcium, a bivalent metallic element with many crucial biological roles. Calcium is a major constituent of the skeleton but plays many roles as an intracellular and plasma ion as well. In medicine, calcium chloride is also used as a 10% solution in injection, for calcium replenishment. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006692
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Contracted name for a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetate, an agent used as a chelator of lead and some other heavy metals. C10H12CaN2Na2O8.
definition: Contracted name for a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetate, an agent used as a chelator of lead and some other heavy metals. C10H12CaN2Na2O8.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006694
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A drug used to reduce hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.
definition: A drug used to reduce hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006695
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Calcium fluoride. Occurring in nature as the mineral fluorite or fluorspar. It is the primary source of fluorine and its compounds. Pure calcium fluoride is used as a catalyst in dehydration and dehydrogenation and is used to fluoridate drinking water. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
definition: Calcium fluoride. Occurring in nature as the mineral fluorite or fluorspar. It is the primary source of fluorine and its compounds. Pure calcium fluoride is used as a catalyst in dehydration and dehydrogenation and is used to fluoridate drinking water. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006698
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The calcium salt form of glucaric acid, a natural substance found in many fruits and vegetables, with potential anti-cancer property. One of the key processes in which the human body eliminates toxic chemicals as well as hormones (such as estrogen) is by attaching glucuronic acid to them in the liver and then excreting the complex in the bile. When beta-glucuronidase breaks the bond, it prolongs the stay of the hormone or toxic chemical in the body. Elevated beta-glucuronidase activity has been implicated to be associated with an increased risk for hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and colon cancers. Therefore, supplementing calcium glucarate may suppress the developments of hormone-dependent cancers.
definition: The calcium salt form of glucaric acid, a natural substance found in many fruits and vegetables, with potential anti-cancer property. One of the key processes in which the human body eliminates toxic chemicals as well as hormones (such as estrogen) is by attaching glucuronic acid to them in the liver and then excreting the complex in the bile. When beta-glucuronidase breaks the bond, it prolongs the stay of the hormone or toxic chemical in the body. Elevated beta-glucuronidase activity has been implicated to be associated with an increased risk for hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and colon cancers. Therefore, supplementing calcium glucarate may suppress the developments of hormone-dependent cancers.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006699
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.
definition: The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006701
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.
definition: A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006705
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.
definition: Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006710
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The calcium salt of the water-soluble vitamin B5, ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant property. Pentothenate is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. Vitamin B5 is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.
definition: The calcium salt of the water-soluble vitamin B5, ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant property. Pentothenate is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. Vitamin B5 is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006711
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The calcium salt of phosphoric acid with widely used applications. This agent can be used as a countermeasure for exposure to strontium and radium radionuclides. Upon oral uptake, calcium phosphate competes for and blocks the absorption of radium (Ra-226) and strontium (Sr-90) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
definition: The calcium salt of phosphoric acid with widely used applications. This agent can be used as a countermeasure for exposure to strontium and radium radionuclides. Upon oral uptake, calcium phosphate competes for and blocks the absorption of radium (Ra-226) and strontium (Sr-90) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006712
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.
definition: Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006716
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).
definition: An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006720
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.
definition: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006758
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.
definition: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006790
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A 17-alkylated orally active androgenic steroid. Calusterone may alter the metabolism of estradiol and reduce estrogen production. (NCI04)
definition: A 17-alkylated orally active androgenic steroid. Calusterone may alter the metabolism of estradiol and reduce estrogen production. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006796
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A nematocide effective against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle, sheep, and horses.
definition: A nematocide effective against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle, sheep, and horses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006809
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.
definition: A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006812
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An alkaloid isolated from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata, with antineoplastic activity. During the S phase of the cell cycle, camptothecin selectively stabilizes topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes, thereby inhibiting religation of topoisomerase I-mediated single-strand DNA breaks and producing potentially lethal double-strand DNA breaks when encountered by the DNA replication machinery. (NCI)
definition: An alkaloid isolated from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata, with antineoplastic activity. During the S phase of the cell cycle, camptothecin selectively stabilizes topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes, thereby inhibiting religation of topoisomerase I-mediated single-strand DNA breaks and producing potentially lethal double-strand DNA breaks when encountered by the DNA replication machinery. (NCI)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006818
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus CAMPYLOBACTER.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus CAMPYLOBACTER.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006826
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A tumor composed of atypical neoplastic, often pleomorphic cells that invade other tissues. Malignant neoplasms often metastasize to distant anatomic sites and may recur after excision. The most common malignant neoplasms are carcinomas (adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas), Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, leukemias, melanomas, and sarcomas.
definition: A tumor composed of atypical neoplastic, often pleomorphic cells that invade other tissues. Malignant neoplasms often metastasize to distant anatomic sites and may recur after excision. The most common malignant neoplasms are carcinomas (adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas), Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, leukemias, melanomas, and sarcomas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006840
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)
definition: Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006845
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy.
definition: A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006846
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Candidiasis of the skin manifested as eczema-like lesions of the interdigital spaces, perleche, or chronic paronychia. (Dorland, 27th ed)
definition: Candidiasis of the skin manifested as eczema-like lesions of the interdigital spaces, perleche, or chronic paronychia. (Dorland, 27th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006848
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A fungal infection of the skin, nails, oral and vaginal mucosal sites caused by species of the genus Candida. It manifests with white discoloration of the tongue and swelling, redness, and tenderness of the nails.
definition: A fungal infection of the skin, nails, oral and vaginal mucosal sites caused by species of the genus Candida. It manifests with white discoloration of the tongue and swelling, redness, and tenderness of the nails.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006849
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Infection of the mucosal lining of the mouth with the fungus Candida albicans.
definition: Infection of the mucosal lining of the mouth with the fungus Candida albicans.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006863
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis species, which is devoid of psychoactive activity, with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Upon administration, cannabidiol (CBD) exerts its anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic activity through various mechanisms, which likely do not involve signaling by cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), CB2, or vanilloid receptor 1. CBD stimulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inhibits AKT/mTOR signaling, thereby activating autophagy and promoting apoptosis. In addition, CBD enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further enhances apoptosis. This agent also upregulates the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP1) and decreases the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID-1). This inhibits cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis. CBD may also activate the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 (TRPV2), which may increase the uptake of various cytotoxic agents in cancer cells. The analgesic effect of CBD is mediated through the binding of this agent to and activation of CB1.
definition: A phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis species, which is devoid of psychoactive activity, with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Upon administration, cannabidiol (CBD) exerts its anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic activity through various mechanisms, which likely do not involve signaling by cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), CB2, or vanilloid receptor 1. CBD stimulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inhibits AKT/mTOR signaling, thereby activating autophagy and promoting apoptosis. In addition, CBD enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further enhances apoptosis. This agent also upregulates the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP1) and decreases the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID-1). This inhibits cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis. CBD may also activate the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 (TRPV2), which may increase the uptake of various cytotoxic agents in cancer cells. The analgesic effect of CBD is mediated through the binding of this agent to and activation of CB1.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006864
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any compound capable of activating the cannabinoid receptor CB1 and/or CB2. Cannabinoids include phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids and (semi-)synthetic cannabinoids. They exert a wide variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anticonvulsant, antiglaucoma, analgesic and neuroprotective effects; while some exert psychoactive effects, including euphoria.
definition: Any compound capable of activating the cannabinoid receptor CB1 and/or CB2. Cannabinoids include phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids and (semi-)synthetic cannabinoids. They exert a wide variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anticonvulsant, antiglaucoma, analgesic and neuroprotective effects; while some exert psychoactive effects, including euphoria.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006865
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A cannabinoid isolated from the plant Cannabis that is a metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), with potential immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities. Cannabinol preferentially binds to the cannabinoid G-protein coupled receptor CB2, which is mainly expressed on a variety of immune cells, such as T-cells, B-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Stimulation of CB2 receptors by cannabinol may both trigger apoptosis in these cells and inhibit the production of a variety of cytokines. Cannabinol exerts minimal affinity for CB1 and has a weak effect on the central nervous system.
definition: A cannabinoid isolated from the plant Cannabis that is a metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), with potential immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities. Cannabinol preferentially binds to the cannabinoid G-protein coupled receptor CB2, which is mainly expressed on a variety of immune cells, such as T-cells, B-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Stimulation of CB2 receptors by cannabinol may both trigger apoptosis in these cells and inhibit the production of a variety of cytokines. Cannabinol exerts minimal affinity for CB1 and has a weak effect on the central nervous system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006870
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Physical and psychological dependence on the drug cannabis.
definition: Physical and psychological dependence on the drug cannabis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006882
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic pregnadiene compound with anti-aldosterone activity.
definition: A synthetic pregnadiene compound with anti-aldosterone activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006886
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.
definition: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006895
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A psychotic disorder characterized by the patient's belief that acquaintances or closely related persons have been replaced by doubles or imposters.
definition: A psychotic disorder characterized by the patient's belief that acquaintances or closely related persons have been replaced by doubles or imposters.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006905
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Reduced resistance to rupture of capikllary blood vessels. Capillary fragility may manifest as a bleeding diathesis with spontaneous ecchymoses (bruises).
definition: Reduced resistance to rupture of capikllary blood vessels. Capillary fragility may manifest as a bleeding diathesis with spontaneous ecchymoses (bruises).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006915
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition characterized by the presence of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS associated with a specific form of pneumoconiosis, often in coal miners and asbestos workers.
definition: A condition characterized by the presence of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS associated with a specific form of pneumoconiosis, often in coal miners and asbestos workers.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006931
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chili pepper extract with analgesic properties. Capsaicin is a neuropeptide releasing agent selective for primary sensory peripheral neurons. Used topically, capsaicin aids in controlling peripheral nerve pain. This agent has been used experimentally to manipulate substance P and other tachykinins. In addition, capsaicin may be useful in controlling chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced mucositis.
definition: A chili pepper extract with analgesic properties. Capsaicin is a neuropeptide releasing agent selective for primary sensory peripheral neurons. Used topically, capsaicin aids in controlling peripheral nerve pain. This agent has been used experimentally to manipulate substance P and other tachykinins. In addition, capsaicin may be useful in controlling chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced mucositis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006938
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.
definition: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006945
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.
definition: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006949
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.
definition: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006971
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An aziridinylbenzoquinone-based alkylating agent with potential antineoplastic activity. The alkylating group in carboquone becomes activated upon reduction of quinone to the hydroquinone form. This eventually results in the alkylation and crosslinking of DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication followed by an induction of apoptosis. In addition, reactive oxygen species may form during redox cycling which may contribute to this agent's cytotoxic activity.
definition: An aziridinylbenzoquinone-based alkylating agent with potential antineoplastic activity. The alkylating group in carboquone becomes activated upon reduction of quinone to the hydroquinone form. This eventually results in the alkylation and crosslinking of DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication followed by an induction of apoptosis. In addition, reactive oxygen species may form during redox cycling which may contribute to this agent's cytotoxic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006979
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.
definition: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006982
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A hydrazine derivative of dopa. Carbidopa is a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor that is used as an adjunct to levodopa administration to prevent peripheral biosynthesis of levodopa to dopamine, thereby reducing peripheral side effects. Carbidopa does not penetrate the blood brain barrier so that levodopa, after it reaches the brain, can be metabolized to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase where it exerts its effect on dopamine receptors.
definition: A hydrazine derivative of dopa. Carbidopa is a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor that is used as an adjunct to levodopa administration to prevent peripheral biosynthesis of levodopa to dopamine, thereby reducing peripheral side effects. Carbidopa does not penetrate the blood brain barrier so that levodopa, after it reaches the brain, can be metabolized to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase where it exerts its effect on dopamine receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006983
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.
definition: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0006992
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.
definition: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007001
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Dysfunctions of CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.
definition: Dysfunctions of CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007009
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A nonmetalic tetravalent element with symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight 12.
definition: A nonmetalic tetravalent element with symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight 12.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007026
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
definition: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007036
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of H+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of CARBONIC ANHYDRASES.
definition: A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of H+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of CARBONIC ANHYDRASES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007044
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.
definition: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007047
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A nonsteroidal abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of PREGNANCY.
definition: A nonsteroidal abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of PREGNANCY.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007072
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A zinc-dependent enzyme isolated from a strain of the bacterium Pseudomonas. Because glucarpidase rapidly hydrolyzes methotrexate into inactive metabolites, it may be useful as a rescue agent for methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. In antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), this agent is conjugated with an antibody that binds to a specific tumor cell type, allowing for glucarpidase-catalyzed activation of a co-administered prodrug at the site of the tumor.
definition: A zinc-dependent enzyme isolated from a strain of the bacterium Pseudomonas. Because glucarpidase rapidly hydrolyzes methotrexate into inactive metabolites, it may be useful as a rescue agent for methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. In antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), this agent is conjugated with an antibody that binds to a specific tumor cell type, allowing for glucarpidase-catalyzed activation of a co-administered prodrug at the site of the tumor.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007078
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An infection of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue that consists of a cluster of boils. Commonly, the causative agent is STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Carbuncles produce fever, leukocytosis, extreme pain, and prostration.
definition: An infection of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue that consists of a cluster of boils. Commonly, the causative agent is STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Carbuncles produce fever, leukocytosis, extreme pain, and prostration.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007080
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A first-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Carbutamide was one of the first sulfonylurea compounds used but was withdrawn from the market due to toxic effects on bone marrow. This agent has a long half-life.
definition: A first-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Carbutamide was one of the first sulfonylurea compounds used but was withdrawn from the market due to toxic effects on bone marrow. This agent has a long half-life.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007093
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Cardiac manifestation of gastrointestinal CARCINOID TUMOR that metastasizes to the liver. Substances secreted by the tumor cells, including SEROTONIN, promote fibrous plaque formation in ENDOCARDIUM and its underlying layers. These deposits cause distortion of the TRICUSPID VALVE and the PULMONARY VALVE eventually leading to STENOSIS and valve regurgitation.
definition: Cardiac manifestation of gastrointestinal CARCINOID TUMOR that metastasizes to the liver. Substances secreted by the tumor cells, including SEROTONIN, promote fibrous plaque formation in ENDOCARDIUM and its underlying layers. These deposits cause distortion of the TRICUSPID VALVE and the PULMONARY VALVE eventually leading to STENOSIS and valve regurgitation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007095
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A slow growing neuroendocrine tumor, composed of uniform, round, or polygonal cells having monotonous, centrally located nuclei and small nucleoli, infrequent mitoses, and no necrosis. The tumor may show a variety of patterns, such as solid, trabecular, and acinar. Electron microscopy shows small secretory granules. Immunohistochemical studies reveal NSE, as well as chromogranin immunoreactivity. Malignant histology (cellular pleomorphism, hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, necrosis, and mitoses) can occasionally be seen. Such cases may have an aggressive clinical course. Gastrointestinal tract and lung are common sites of involvement.
definition: A slow growing neuroendocrine tumor, composed of uniform, round, or polygonal cells having monotonous, centrally located nuclei and small nucleoli, infrequent mitoses, and no necrosis. The tumor may show a variety of patterns, such as solid, trabecular, and acinar. Electron microscopy shows small secretory granules. Immunohistochemical studies reveal NSE, as well as chromogranin immunoreactivity. Malignant histology (cellular pleomorphism, hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, necrosis, and mitoses) can occasionally be seen. Such cases may have an aggressive clinical course. Gastrointestinal tract and lung are common sites of involvement.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007097
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for ""cancer.""
definition: A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for ""cancer.""

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007098
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)
definition: A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007099
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant epithelial neoplasm which is confined to the epithelial layer without evidence of further tissue invasion.
definition: A malignant epithelial neoplasm which is confined to the epithelial layer without evidence of further tissue invasion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007102
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
definition: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007103
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the endometrium (mucous membrane that lines the endometrial cavity).
definition: Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the endometrium (mucous membrane that lines the endometrial cavity).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007104
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A carcinoma that arises from the breast in females. It is the most common malignant tumor that affects females.
definition: A carcinoma that arises from the breast in females. It is the most common malignant tumor that affects females.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007107
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the larynx. The majority are carcinomas.
definition: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the larynx. The majority are carcinomas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007112
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An adenocarcinoma arising from the prostate gland. It is one of the most common malignant tumors afflicting men. The majority of adenocarcinomas arise in the peripheral zone and a minority occurs in the central or the transitional zone of the prostate gland. Grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma predicts disease progression and correlates with survival. Several grading systems have been proposed, of which the Gleason system is the most commonly used. Gleason sums of 2 to 4 represent well-differentiated disease, 5 to 7 moderately differentiated disease and 8 to 10 poorly differentiated disease. Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) serum test is widely used as a screening test for the early detection of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Treatment options include radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, androgen ablation and cryotherapy. Watchful waiting or surveillance alone is an option for older patients with low-grade or low-stage disease.
definition: An adenocarcinoma arising from the prostate gland. It is one of the most common malignant tumors afflicting men. The majority of adenocarcinomas arise in the peripheral zone and a minority occurs in the central or the transitional zone of the prostate gland. Grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma predicts disease progression and correlates with survival. Several grading systems have been proposed, of which the Gleason system is the most commonly used. Gleason sums of 2 to 4 represent well-differentiated disease, 5 to 7 moderately differentiated disease and 8 to 10 poorly differentiated disease. Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) serum test is widely used as a screening test for the early detection of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Treatment options include radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, androgen ablation and cryotherapy. Watchful waiting or surveillance alone is an option for older patients with low-grade or low-stage disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007113
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.
definition: A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007114
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the skin.
definition: A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the skin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007115
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland.
definition: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007117
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)
definition: A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007118
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A basal cell carcinoma which displays squamous differentiation. The neoplastic cells have more abundant cytoplasm with more marked keratinization than typical basal cell carcinomas. It usually has a more aggressive clinical course compared to typical basal cell carcinoma, and it may produce regional or widespread metastases.
definition: A basal cell carcinoma which displays squamous differentiation. The neoplastic cells have more abundant cytoplasm with more marked keratinization than typical basal cell carcinomas. It usually has a more aggressive clinical course compared to typical basal cell carcinoma, and it may produce regional or widespread metastases.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007120
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
definition: A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007121
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A lung carcinoma arising from the bronchial epithelium.
definition: A lung carcinoma arising from the bronchial epithelium.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007122
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A transplantable EPITHELIAL CELL neoplasm of rabbits.
definition: A transplantable EPITHELIAL CELL neoplasm of rabbits.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007124
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A carcinoma entirely confined to the mammary ducts. It is also known as DCIS. There is no evidence of invasion of the basement membrane. Currently, it is classified into three categories: High-grade DCIS, intermediate-grade DCIS and low-grade DCIS. In this classification the DCIS grade is defined by a combination of nuclear grade, architectural growth pattern and presence of necrosis. The size of the lesion as well as the grade and the clearance margins play a major role in dictating the most appropriate therapy for DCIS.
definition: A carcinoma entirely confined to the mammary ducts. It is also known as DCIS. There is no evidence of invasion of the basement membrane. Currently, it is classified into three categories: High-grade DCIS, intermediate-grade DCIS and low-grade DCIS. In this classification the DCIS grade is defined by a combination of nuclear grade, architectural growth pattern and presence of necrosis. The size of the lesion as well as the grade and the clearance margins play a major role in dictating the most appropriate therapy for DCIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007125
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.
definition: A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007128
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A transplantable neoplasm of mice.
definition: A transplantable neoplasm of mice.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007129
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)
definition: A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007130
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An invasive adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glandular cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Often, the infiltrating glandular structures are associated with mucoid stromal formation. It may arise from the large and small intestine, appendix, stomach, lung, ovary, breast, corpus uteri, cervix, vagina, and salivary gland.
definition: An invasive adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glandular cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Often, the infiltrating glandular structures are associated with mucoid stromal formation. It may arise from the large and small intestine, appendix, stomach, lung, ovary, breast, corpus uteri, cervix, vagina, and salivary gland.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007131
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Lung cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the lungs become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Lung cancer may not cause signs or symptoms in its early stages. Some people with lung cancer have chest pain, frequent coughing, blood in the mucus, breathing problems, trouble swallowing or speaking, loss of appetite and weight loss, fatigue, or swelling in the face or neck. Additional symptoms can develop if the cancer spreads (metastasizes) into other tissues. Lung cancer occurs most often in adults in their sixties or seventies. Most people who develop lung cancer have a history of long-term tobacco smoking; however, the condition can occur in people who have never smoked.Lung cancer is generally divided into two types, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, based on the size of the affected cells when viewed under a microscope. Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85 percent of lung cancer, while small cell lung cancer accounts for the remaining 15 percent.Small cell lung cancer grows quickly and in more than half of cases the cancer has spread beyond the lung by the time the condition is diagnosed. Small cell lung cancer often metastasizes, most commonly to the liver, brain, bones, and adrenal glands (small hormone-producing glands located on top of each kidney). After diagnosis, most people with small cell lung cancer survive for about 1 year; less than seven percent survive 5 years.Non-small cell lung cancer is divided into three main subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma arises from the cells that line the small air sacs (alveoli) located throughout the lungs. Squamous cell carcinoma arises from squamous cells that line the passages leading from the windpipe (trachea) to the lungs (bronchi). Large cell carcinoma arises from epithelial cells that line the lungs. Large cell carcinoma encompasses non-small cell lung cancers that do not appear to be adenocarcinoma…
definition: Lung cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the lungs become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Lung cancer may not cause signs or symptoms in its early stages. Some people with lung cancer have chest pain, frequent coughing, blood in the mucus, breathing problems, trouble swallowing or speaking, loss of appetite and weight loss, fatigue, or swelling in the face or neck. Additional symptoms can develop if the cancer spreads (metastasizes) into other tissues. Lung cancer occurs most often in adults in their sixties or seventies. Most people who develop lung cancer have a history of long-term tobacco smoking; however, the condition can occur in people who have never smoked.Lung cancer is generally divided into two types, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, based on the size of the affected cells when viewed under a microscope. Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85 percent of lung cancer, while small cell lung cancer accounts for the remaining 15 percent.Small cell lung cancer grows quickly and in more than half of cases the cancer has spread beyond the lung by the time the condition is diagnosed. Small cell lung cancer often metastasizes, most commonly to the liver, brain, bones, and adrenal glands (small hormone-producing glands located on top of each kidney). After diagnosis, most people with small cell lung cancer survive for about 1 year; less than seven percent survive 5 years.Non-small cell lung cancer is divided into three main subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma arises from the cells that line the small air sacs (alveoli) located throughout the lungs. Squamous cell carcinoma arises from squamous cells that line the passages leading from the windpipe (trachea) to the lungs (bronchi). Large cell carcinoma arises from epithelial cells that line the lungs. Large cell carcinoma encompasses non-small cell lung cancers that do not appear to be adenocarcinoma…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007133
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by a papillary growth pattern. A papillary carcinoma may be composed of glandular cells (papillary adenocarcinoma), squamous cells (papillary squamous cell carcinoma), or transitional cells (papillary transitional cell carcinoma). Bladder carcinoma is a representative example of papillary transitional cell carcinoma.
definition: A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by a papillary growth pattern. A papillary carcinoma may be composed of glandular cells (papillary adenocarcinoma), squamous cells (papillary squamous cell carcinoma), or transitional cells (papillary transitional cell carcinoma). Bladder carcinoma is a representative example of papillary transitional cell carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007134
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma is characterized by the development of multiple, bilateral papillary renal tumors (Zbar et al., 1995). The transmission pattern is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Papillary renal cell carcinoma is histologically and genetically distinct from 2 other forms of inherited renal carcinoma, von Hippel Lindau disease (193300), caused by mutation in the VHL gene (608537) on chromosome 3, and a form associated with the chromosome translocation t(3;8), as described by Cohen et al. (1979). Bodmer et al. (2002) reviewed the molecular genetics of familial and nonfamilial cases of renal cell carcinoma, including the roles of VHL, MET, and translocations involving chromosomes 1, 3, and X. For background information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma, see RCC (144700). See also a hereditary syndrome of predisposition to uterine leiomyomas and papillary renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC; 150800) caused by germline mutation in the FH gene (136850).
definition: Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma is characterized by the development of multiple, bilateral papillary renal tumors (Zbar et al., 1995). The transmission pattern is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Papillary renal cell carcinoma is histologically and genetically distinct from 2 other forms of inherited renal carcinoma, von Hippel Lindau disease (193300), caused by mutation in the VHL gene (608537) on chromosome 3, and a form associated with the chromosome translocation t(3;8), as described by Cohen et al. (1979). Bodmer et al. (2002) reviewed the molecular genetics of familial and nonfamilial cases of renal cell carcinoma, including the roles of VHL, MET, and translocations involving chromosomes 1, 3, and X. For background information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma, see RCC (144700). See also a hereditary syndrome of predisposition to uterine leiomyomas and papillary renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC; 150800) caused by germline mutation in the FH gene (136850).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007135
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infiltrating adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of desmoplastic stromal reaction.
definition: An infiltrating adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of desmoplastic stromal reaction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007137
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A carcinoma arising from squamous epithelial cells. Morphologically, it is characterized by the proliferation of atypical, often pleomorphic squamous cells. Squamous cell carcinomas are graded by the degree of cellular differentiation as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Well differentiated carcinomas are usually associated with keratin production and the presence of intercellular bridges between adjacent cells. Representative examples are lung squamous cell carcinoma, skin squamous cell carcinoma, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
definition: A carcinoma arising from squamous epithelial cells. Morphologically, it is characterized by the proliferation of atypical, often pleomorphic squamous cells. Squamous cell carcinomas are graded by the degree of cellular differentiation as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Well differentiated carcinomas are usually associated with keratin production and the presence of intercellular bridges between adjacent cells. Representative examples are lung squamous cell carcinoma, skin squamous cell carcinoma, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007138
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant neoplasm arising from the transitional epithelium, usually affecting the urinary bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis. It may or may not have a papillary configuration. It is graded 1 to 3 or 4 according to the degree of cellular differentiation and architectural patterns. Grade 1 transitional cell carcinoma is histologically benign but it may recur. Transitional cell carcinomas may also affect the upper respiratory tract and the ovaries.
definition: A malignant neoplasm arising from the transitional epithelium, usually affecting the urinary bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis. It may or may not have a papillary configuration. It is graded 1 to 3 or 4 according to the degree of cellular differentiation and architectural patterns. Grade 1 transitional cell carcinoma is histologically benign but it may recur. Transitional cell carcinomas may also affect the upper respiratory tract and the ovaries.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007140
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant tumor composed of a mixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.
definition: A malignant tumor composed of a mixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007158
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any compound in which a sugar group is covalently bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group via an O-glycosidic bond or an S-glycosidic bond; glycosides involving the latter are also called thioglycosides. However, substances containing N-glycosidic bonds, where the anomeric carbon is bound to some other group via a nitrogen atom, are called glycosylamines; the term ""N-glycoside"" is considered a misnomer by IUPAC and is discouraged. Furthermore, the sugar group needs to be bonded to a non-sugar for the molecule to qualify as a glycoside, thus excluding the polysaccharides. The sugar group in glycosides is known as the glycone, which can be a single sugar group (monosaccharide) or several sugar groups (oligosaccharide); the non-sugar group is known as the aglycone or genin.
definition: Any compound in which a sugar group is covalently bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group via an O-glycosidic bond or an S-glycosidic bond; glycosides involving the latter are also called thioglycosides. However, substances containing N-glycosidic bonds, where the anomeric carbon is bound to some other group via a nitrogen atom, are called glycosylamines; the term ""N-glycoside"" is considered a misnomer by IUPAC and is discouraged. Furthermore, the sugar group needs to be bonded to a non-sugar for the molecule to qualify as a glycoside, thus excluding the polysaccharides. The sugar group in glycosides is known as the glycone, which can be a single sugar group (monosaccharide) or several sugar groups (oligosaccharide); the non-sugar group is known as the aglycone or genin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007166
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A below normal volume of blood pumped from the right or left ventricle of the heart per unit time.
definition: A below normal volume of blood pumped from the right or left ventricle of the heart per unit time.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007177
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Acute compression of the heart caused by increased intrapericardial pressure due to the collection of blood or fluid in the pericardium from rupture of the heart, penetrating trauma, or progressive effusion.
definition: Acute compression of the heart caused by increased intrapericardial pressure due to the collection of blood or fluid in the pericardium from rupture of the heart, penetrating trauma, or progressive effusion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007192
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A dilated cardiomyopathy which is associated with consumption of large amounts of alcohol over a period of years.
definition: A dilated cardiomyopathy which is associated with consumption of large amounts of alcohol over a period of years.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007193
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is a genetic form of heart disease. It occurs when heart (cardiac) muscle becomes thin and weakened in at least one chamber of the heart, causing the open area of the chamber to become enlarged (dilated). As a result, the heart is unable to pump blood as efficiently as usual. To compensate, the heart attempts to increase the amount of blood being pumped through the heart, leading to further thinning and weakening of the cardiac muscle. Over time, this condition results in heart failure.It usually takes many years for symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy to cause health problems. They typically begin in mid-adulthood, but can occur at any time from infancy to late adulthood. Signs and symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy can include an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), shortness of breath (dyspnea), extreme tiredness (fatigue), fainting episodes (syncope), and swelling of the legs and feet. In some cases, the first sign of the disorder is sudden cardiac death. The severity of the condition varies among affected individuals, even in members of the same family.
definition: Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is a genetic form of heart disease. It occurs when heart (cardiac) muscle becomes thin and weakened in at least one chamber of the heart, causing the open area of the chamber to become enlarged (dilated). As a result, the heart is unable to pump blood as efficiently as usual. To compensate, the heart attempts to increase the amount of blood being pumped through the heart, leading to further thinning and weakening of the cardiac muscle. Over time, this condition results in heart failure.It usually takes many years for symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy to cause health problems. They typically begin in mid-adulthood, but can occur at any time from infancy to late adulthood. Signs and symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy can include an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), shortness of breath (dyspnea), extreme tiredness (fatigue), fainting episodes (syncope), and swelling of the legs and feet. In some cases, the first sign of the disorder is sudden cardiac death. The severity of the condition varies among affected individuals, even in members of the same family.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007194
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition in which the myocardium is hypertrophied without an obvious cause. The hypertrophy is generally asymmetric and may be associated with obstruction of the ventricular outflow tract.
definition: A condition in which the myocardium is hypertrophied without an obvious cause. The hypertrophy is generally asymmetric and may be associated with obstruction of the ventricular outflow tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007196
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease in which the ventricular walls are excessively rigid, impeding ventricular filling. It is marked by reduced diastolic volume of either or both ventricles but normal or nearly normal systolic function. It may be idiopathic or associated with other diseases (ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS or AMYLOIDOSIS) causing interstitial fibrosis.
definition: A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease in which the ventricular walls are excessively rigid, impeding ventricular filling. It is marked by reduced diastolic volume of either or both ventricles but normal or nearly normal systolic function. It may be idiopathic or associated with other diseases (ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS or AMYLOIDOSIS) causing interstitial fibrosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007200
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Solutions which, upon administration, will temporarily arrest cardiac activity. They are used in the performance of heart surgery.
definition: Solutions which, upon administration, will temporarily arrest cardiac activity. They are used in the performance of heart surgery.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007209
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An agent that prevents damage to the heart, thereby protecting myocardial function.
definition: An agent that prevents damage to the heart, thereby protecting myocardial function.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007220
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.
definition: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007222
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the heart or the vessels (arteries, veins and lymph vessels). Representative examples of non-neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocarditis and hypertension. Representative examples of neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocardial myxoma and angiosarcoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the heart or the vessels (arteries, veins and lymph vessels). Representative examples of non-neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocarditis and hypertension. Representative examples of neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocardial myxoma and angiosarcoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007246
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
definition: Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007248
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202)
definition: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007257
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
definition: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007258
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.
definition: A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007267
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A dipeptide comprised of a beta-alanine and a 3-methyl-L-histidine, which is found in dietary red meat, with potential antioxidant, metal-chelating and anti-glycation activities. Carnosine scavenges both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and unsaturated aldehydes produced by cell membrane lipid peroxidation. Additionally, this dipeptide may reduce the rate of formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE). Altogether, this may protect cells against oxidative damage. In addition, carnosine is able to chelate toxic metals.
definition: A dipeptide comprised of a beta-alanine and a 3-methyl-L-histidine, which is found in dietary red meat, with potential antioxidant, metal-chelating and anti-glycation activities. Carnosine scavenges both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and unsaturated aldehydes produced by cell membrane lipid peroxidation. Additionally, this dipeptide may reduce the rate of formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE). Altogether, this may protect cells against oxidative damage. In addition, carnosine is able to chelate toxic metals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007271
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A class of hydrocarbons (carotenes) and their oxygenated derivatives which exhibit chemopreventive properties. Carotenoids are pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. The pigments are fat-soluble, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons functioning as provitamins and are converted to vitamin A through enzymatic processes in the intestinal wall.
definition: A class of hydrocarbons (carotenes) and their oxygenated derivatives which exhibit chemopreventive properties. Carotenoids are pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. The pigments are fat-soluble, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons functioning as provitamins and are converted to vitamin A through enzymatic processes in the intestinal wall.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007273
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the carotid artery.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the carotid artery.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007274
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.
definition: Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007279
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant extra-adrenal parasympathetic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia adjacent to or in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Most patients present with a slow growing, painless mass in the neck.
definition: A benign or malignant extra-adrenal parasympathetic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia adjacent to or in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Most patients present with a slow growing, painless mass in the neck.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007282
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A narrowing of the carotid artery lumen. It is usually caused by the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. Symptoms are usually present when there is severe narrowing or obstruction of the arterial lumen and manifest as ischemic cerebrovascular accidents.
definition: A narrowing of the carotid artery lumen. It is usually caused by the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. Symptoms are usually present when there is severe narrowing or obstruction of the arterial lumen and manifest as ischemic cerebrovascular accidents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007286
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a disorder caused by disturbances in nerve function (neuropathy), leading to pain and numbness or tingling (paresthesia) primarily in the wrist and hand. While carpal tunnel syndrome can occur at any age, it most often affects people between the ages of 40 and 60. In more than half of cases, both hands are affected; however, the severity may vary between hands. When only one hand is affected, it is most often the hand used for writing (the dominant hand).In carpal tunnel syndrome, the pain or paresthesia is usually felt in the wrist, the palm, and the first four fingers of the hand. These signs and symptoms often develop during sleep and are noticeable upon waking. Affected individuals typically shake their hand to get rid of the pain and numbness, a characteristic move known as the flick sign. As the condition advances, the signs and symptoms begin to occur during the day as well. Affected individuals may have difficulty performing manual tasks such as turning doorknobs, fastening buttons, or opening jars. The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome may be triggered by certain activities that flex or extend the wrist, such as driving, typing, or holding a telephone.Over time, people with carpal tunnel syndrome can have muscle and nerve wasting (atrophy) in the affected hand and a reduced ability to detect sensations, which can be mistaken for an improvement of symptoms.
definition: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a disorder caused by disturbances in nerve function (neuropathy), leading to pain and numbness or tingling (paresthesia) primarily in the wrist and hand. While carpal tunnel syndrome can occur at any age, it most often affects people between the ages of 40 and 60. In more than half of cases, both hands are affected; however, the severity may vary between hands. When only one hand is affected, it is most often the hand used for writing (the dominant hand).In carpal tunnel syndrome, the pain or paresthesia is usually felt in the wrist, the palm, and the first four fingers of the hand. These signs and symptoms often develop during sleep and are noticeable upon waking. Affected individuals typically shake their hand to get rid of the pain and numbness, a characteristic move known as the flick sign. As the condition advances, the signs and symptoms begin to occur during the day as well. Affected individuals may have difficulty performing manual tasks such as turning doorknobs, fastening buttons, or opening jars. The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome may be triggered by certain activities that flex or extend the wrist, such as driving, typing, or holding a telephone.Over time, people with carpal tunnel syndrome can have muscle and nerve wasting (atrophy) in the affected hand and a reduced ability to detect sensations, which can be mistaken for an improvement of symptoms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007289
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A water-soluble extractive mixture of sulfated polysaccharides from RED ALGAE. Chief sources are the Irish moss CHONDRUS CRISPUS (Carrageen), and Gigartina stellata. It is used as a stabilizer, for suspending COCOA in chocolate manufacture, and to clarify BEVERAGES.
definition: A water-soluble extractive mixture of sulfated polysaccharides from RED ALGAE. Chief sources are the Irish moss CHONDRUS CRISPUS (Carrageen), and Gigartina stellata. It is used as a stabilizer, for suspending COCOA in chocolate manufacture, and to clarify BEVERAGES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007294
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An individual who carries an inheritable genetic mutation without manifestation of the associated condition.
definition: An individual who carries an inheritable genetic mutation without manifestation of the associated condition.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007297
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sensation of discomfort associated with ground travel; symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness or sweating.
definition: A sensation of discomfort associated with ground travel; symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness or sweating.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007299
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.
definition: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007300
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The hydrochloride salt form of articaine, an amide-type local anesthetic. Articaine hydrochloride reversibly blocks nerve impulse conduction by binding to specific membrane sodium ion channels thereby interfering with the electrical excitation in the nerve, slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse and reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. This results in a loss of sensation at the injection site. Articaine hydrochloride is used for relief of pain in minor operations, usually in combination with the vasoconstrictor epinephrine.
definition: The hydrochloride salt form of articaine, an amide-type local anesthetic. Articaine hydrochloride reversibly blocks nerve impulse conduction by binding to specific membrane sodium ion channels thereby interfering with the electrical excitation in the nerve, slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse and reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. This results in a loss of sensation at the injection site. Articaine hydrochloride is used for relief of pain in minor operations, usually in combination with the vasoconstrictor epinephrine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007302
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).
definition: Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007332
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.
definition: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007343
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A vegetable oil pressed from the seeds of the castor bean, Ricinus communis. Castor oil has many industrial applications and is used medicinally as a laxative and as an excipient.
definition: A vegetable oil pressed from the seeds of the castor bean, Ricinus communis. Castor oil has many industrial applications and is used medicinally as a laxative and as an excipient.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007350
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
definition: Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007361
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae. It is transmitted to humans from a scratch, bite, or lick from a cat. A blister or a bump appears on the skin following the scratch or bite. Subsequently, there is lymph node enlargement around the scratch or bite site. The lymph node enlargement most often occurs under the arm or the neck. Some patients experience fever, fatigue, headaches or sore throat as well.
definition: A bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae. It is transmitted to humans from a scratch, bite, or lick from a cat. A blister or a bump appears on the skin following the scratch or bite. Subsequently, there is lymph node enlargement around the scratch or bite site. The lymph node enlargement most often occurs under the arm or the neck. Some patients experience fever, fatigue, headaches or sore throat as well.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007370
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A nervous system disorder characterized by diminished responsiveness and consciousness, and rigidity of the body.
definition: A nervous system disorder characterized by diminished responsiveness and consciousness, and rigidity of the body.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007384
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition characterized by transient weakness or paralysis of somatic musculature triggered by an emotional stimulus or physical exertion. Cataplexy is frequently associated with NARCOLEPSY. During a cataplectic attack, there is a marked reduction in muscle tone similar to the normal physiologic hypotonia that accompanies rapid eye movement sleep (SLEEP, REM). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p396)
definition: A condition characterized by transient weakness or paralysis of somatic musculature triggered by an emotional stimulus or physical exertion. Cataplexy is frequently associated with NARCOLEPSY. During a cataplectic attack, there is a marked reduction in muscle tone similar to the normal physiologic hypotonia that accompanies rapid eye movement sleep (SLEEP, REM). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p396)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007397
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute or prolonged illness usually considered to be life-threatening or with the threat of serious residual disability. Treatment may be radical and is frequently costly.
definition: An acute or prolonged illness usually considered to be life-threatening or with the threat of serious residual disability. Treatment may be radical and is frequently costly.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007398
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)
definition: A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007404
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.
definition: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007412
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from TYROSINE.
definition: A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from TYROSINE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007422
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that are used to stimulate evacuation of the bowels.
definition: Agents that are used to stimulate evacuation of the bowels.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007453
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.
definition: Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007459
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare neurologic disorder caused by impingement of the nerve roots of the cauda equina secondary to disc herniation, spinal stenosis, vertebral fracture, neoplasm or infection. Clinical signs may include bladder or bowel dysfunction, paresthesia and weakness of the lower extremities. The development of neurogenic bladder implies that surgical decompression was either ineffective, delayed or not attempted.
definition: A rare neurologic disorder caused by impingement of the nerve roots of the cauda equina secondary to disc herniation, spinal stenosis, vertebral fracture, neoplasm or infection. Clinical signs may include bladder or bowel dysfunction, paresthesia and weakness of the lower extremities. The development of neurogenic bladder implies that surgical decompression was either ineffective, delayed or not attempted.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007462
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A complex regional pain syndrome characterized by burning pain and marked sensitivity to touch (HYPERESTHESIA) in the distribution of an injured peripheral nerve. Autonomic dysfunction in the form of sudomotor (i.e., sympathetic innervation to sweat glands), vasomotor, and trophic skin changes may also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1359)
definition: A complex regional pain syndrome characterized by burning pain and marked sensitivity to touch (HYPERESTHESIA) in the distribution of an injured peripheral nerve. Autonomic dysfunction in the form of sudomotor (i.e., sympathetic innervation to sweat glands), vasomotor, and trophic skin changes may also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1359)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007465
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.
definition: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007527
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological developments in the CECUM.
definition: Pathological developments in the CECUM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007528
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the cecum. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Cecal adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the cecum. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Cecal adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007570
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disease that can be associated with gastrointestinal findings (diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain and distension, bloating, vomiting, and weight loss) and/or highly variable non-gastrointestinal findings (dermatitis herpetiformis, chronic fatigue, joint pain/inflammation, iron deficiency anemia, migraines, depression, attention-deficit disorder, epilepsy, osteoporosis/osteopenia, infertility and/or recurrent fetal loss, vitamin deficiencies, short stature, failure to thrive, delayed puberty, dental enamel defects, and autoimmune disorders). Classic celiac disease, characterized by mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms, is less common than non-classic celiac disease, characterized by absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
definition: Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disease that can be associated with gastrointestinal findings (diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain and distension, bloating, vomiting, and weight loss) and/or highly variable non-gastrointestinal findings (dermatitis herpetiformis, chronic fatigue, joint pain/inflammation, iron deficiency anemia, migraines, depression, attention-deficit disorder, epilepsy, osteoporosis/osteopenia, infertility and/or recurrent fetal loss, vitamin deficiencies, short stature, failure to thrive, delayed puberty, dental enamel defects, and autoimmune disorders). Classic celiac disease, characterized by mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms, is less common than non-classic celiac disease, characterized by absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007621
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pathologic process that involves the transformation of normal cells to a neoplastic state and resulting in polyclonal or monoclonal neoplastic cell proliferation.
definition: A pathologic process that involves the transformation of normal cells to a neoplastic state and resulting in polyclonal or monoclonal neoplastic cell proliferation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007641
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.
definition: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007642
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A bacterial infection and inflammation of the skin und subcutaneous tissues. []
definition: A bacterial infection and inflammation of the skin und subcutaneous tissues. []

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007646
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Cellulitis of the hand.
definition: Cellulitis of the hand.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007659
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare benign bone-forming neoplasm usually arising from the jaw. It is a well-circumscribed lytic tumor that varies in size. The cell of origin is the cementoblast.
definition: A rare benign bone-forming neoplasm usually arising from the jaw. It is a well-circumscribed lytic tumor that varies in size. The cell of origin is the cementoblast.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007665
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-steroidal anti-fertility agent with anti-hormonal properties.
definition: A non-steroidal anti-fertility agent with anti-hormonal properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007680
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into ""specific"" agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and ""nonspecific"" agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by diverse molecular mechanisms. Those with nonspecific mechanisms are generally further classed according to whether they produce behavioral depression or stimulation. Those with specific mechanisms are classed by locus of action or specific therapeutic use. (From Gilman AG, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p252)
definition: A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into ""specific"" agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and ""nonspecific"" agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by diverse molecular mechanisms. Those with nonspecific mechanisms are generally further classed according to whether they produce behavioral depression or stimulation. Those with specific mechanisms are classed by locus of action or specific therapeutic use. (From Gilman AG, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p252)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007681
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizing agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents).
definition: A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizing agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007682
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A structural abnormality of the central nervous system.
definition: A structural abnormality of the central nervous system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007684
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infectious process that affects the brain and/or spinal cord. Representative examples include encephalitis, poliomyelitis, arachnoiditis, and meningitis.
definition: An infectious process that affects the brain and/or spinal cord. Representative examples include encephalitis, poliomyelitis, arachnoiditis, and meningitis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007686
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Clouding of the middle area of the cornea, usually as a result of scarring due to Infection, injury, or inflammation.
definition: Clouding of the middle area of the cornea, usually as a result of scarring due to Infection, injury, or inflammation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007688
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Blockage of blood flow in the central retinal artery.
definition: Blockage of blood flow in the central retinal artery.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007710
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.
definition: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007722
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A subperiosteal hemorrhage limited to the surface of one cranial bone, a usually benign condition seen in the newborn as a result of bone trauma.
definition: A subperiosteal hemorrhage limited to the surface of one cranial bone, a usually benign condition seen in the newborn as a result of bone trauma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007758
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- oder overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
definition: Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- oder overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007760
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.
definition: Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007761
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition marked by progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA combined with MYOCLONUS usually presenting in the third decade of life or later. Additional clinical features may include generalized and focal SEIZURES, spasticity, and DYSKINESIAS. Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance have been reported. Pathologically, the dentate nucleus and brachium conjunctivum of the CEREBELLUM are atrophic, with variable involvement of the spinal cord, cerebellar cortex, and basal ganglia. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1991, Ch37, pp60-1)
definition: A condition marked by progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA combined with MYOCLONUS usually presenting in the third decade of life or later. Additional clinical features may include generalized and focal SEIZURES, spasticity, and DYSKINESIAS. Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance have been reported. Pathologically, the dentate nucleus and brachium conjunctivum of the CEREBELLUM are atrophic, with variable involvement of the spinal cord, cerebellar cortex, and basal ganglia. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1991, Ch37, pp60-1)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007762
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) tumor involving the cerebellum. -- 2003
definition: A benign or malignant (primary or metastatic) tumor involving the cerebellum. -- 2003

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007766
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital or acquired aneurysm within the cranium.
definition: A congenital or acquired aneurysm within the cranium.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007771
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.
definition: Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007772
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: ORDO
  definition: Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital malformative communication between the veins and the arteries in the brain in the form of a nidus, an anatomical structure composed of dilated and tangled supplying arterioles and drainage veins with no intervening capillary bed, that can be asymptomatic or cause, depending on the location and the size of the AVM, headaches of varying severity, generalized or focal seizures, focalneurological defects (weakness, numbness, speech difficulties, vision loss) or potentially fatal intracranial hemorrhage in case the AVM ruptures.
definition: Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital malformative communication between the veins and the arteries in the brain in the form of a nidus, an anatomical structure composed of dilated and tangled supplying arterioles and drainage veins with no intervening capillary bed, that can be asymptomatic or cause, depending on the location and the size of the AVM, headaches of varying severity, generalized or focal seizures, focalneurological defects (weakness, numbness, speech difficulties, vision loss) or potentially fatal intracranial hemorrhage in case the AVM ruptures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007774
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.
definition: Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007775
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Atherosclerosis of the cerebral vasculature.
definition: Atherosclerosis of the cerebral vasculature.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007781
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Embolism or thrombosis involving blood vessels which supply intracranial structures. Emboli may originate from extracranial or intracranial sources. Thrombosis may occur in arterial or venous structures.
definition: Embolism or thrombosis involving blood vessels which supply intracranial structures. Emboli may originate from extracranial or intracranial sources. Thrombosis may occur in arterial or venous structures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007785
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An ischemic condition of the brain, producing a persistent focal neurological deficit in the area of distribution of the cerebral arteries.
definition: An ischemic condition of the brain, producing a persistent focal neurological deficit in the area of distribution of the cerebral arteries.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007786
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.
definition: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007787
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A brief attack (from a few minutes to an hour) of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin, with no persistent neurological deficit.
definition: A brief attack (from a few minutes to an hour) of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin, with no persistent neurological deficit.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007789
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A group of disorders affecting the development of movement and posture, often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, and behavior. It results from damage to the fetal or infant brain.
definition: A group of disorders affecting the development of movement and posture, often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, and behavior. It results from damage to the fetal or infant brain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007795
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A rare central nervous system demyelinating condition affecting children and young adults. Pathologic findings include a large, sharply defined, asymmetric focus of myelin destruction that may involve an entire lobe or cerebral hemisphere. The clinical course tends to be progressive and includes dementia, cortical blindness, cortical deafness, spastic hemiplegia, and pseudobulbar palsy. Concentric sclerosis of Balo is differentiated from diffuse cerebral sclerosis of Schilder by the pathologic finding of alternating bands of destruction and preservation of myelin in concentric rings. Alpers' Syndrome refers to a heterogeneous group of diseases that feature progressive cerebral deterioration and liver disease. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p914; Dev Neurosci 1991;13(4-5):267-73)
definition: A rare central nervous system demyelinating condition affecting children and young adults. Pathologic findings include a large, sharply defined, asymmetric focus of myelin destruction that may involve an entire lobe or cerebral hemisphere. The clinical course tends to be progressive and includes dementia, cortical blindness, cortical deafness, spastic hemiplegia, and pseudobulbar palsy. Concentric sclerosis of Balo is differentiated from diffuse cerebral sclerosis of Schilder by the pathologic finding of alternating bands of destruction and preservation of myelin in concentric rings. Alpers' Syndrome refers to a heterogeneous group of diseases that feature progressive cerebral deterioration and liver disease. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p914; Dev Neurosci 1991;13(4-5):267-73)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007798
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A neoplasm that involves a brain ventricle. It may be a primary neoplasm arising from a brain ventricle, a metastasis from a distant anatomic site, or an extension of an invasive neoplasm from an adjacent brain structure.
definition: A neoplasm that involves a brain ventricle. It may be a primary neoplasm arising from a brain ventricle, a metastasis from a distant anatomic site, or an extension of an invasive neoplasm from an adjacent brain structure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007805
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Neutral glycosphingolipids that contain a monosaccharide, normally glucose or galactose, in 1-ortho-beta-glycosidic linkage with the primary alcohol of an N-acyl sphingoid (ceramide). In plants the monosaccharide is normally glucose and the sphingoid usually phytosphingosine. In animals, the monosaccharide is usually galactose, though this may vary with the tissue and the sphingoid is usually sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1st ed)
definition: Neutral glycosphingolipids that contain a monosaccharide, normally glucose or galactose, in 1-ortho-beta-glycosidic linkage with the primary alcohol of an N-acyl sphingoid (ceramide). In plants the monosaccharide is normally glucose and the sphingoid usually phytosphingosine. In animals, the monosaccharide is usually galactose, though this may vary with the tissue and the sphingoid is usually sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1st ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007814
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the ear structures.
definition: Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the ear structures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007815
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose.
definition: Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007820
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder resulting from inadequate blood flow in the vessels that supply the brain. Representative examples include cerebrovascular ischemia, cerebral embolism, and cerebral infarction.
definition: A disorder resulting from inadequate blood flow in the vessels that supply the brain. Representative examples include cerebrovascular ischemia, cerebral embolism, and cerebral infarction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007828
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.
definition: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007839
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.
definition: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007847
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the cervix.
definition: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the cervix.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007855
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane of the endocervix.
definition: Abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane of the endocervix.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007856
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: Thoracic outlet syndrome, either nerve or vessel compression, due to a cervical rib
definition: Thoracic outlet syndrome, either nerve or vessel compression, due to a cervical rib

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007859
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the neck.
definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the neck.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007860
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process that affects the cervix. Causes include sexually transmitted diseases and bacterial infections. Clinical manifestations include abnormal vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge.
definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process that affects the cervix. Causes include sexually transmitted diseases and bacterial infections. Clinical manifestations include abnormal vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007863
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A distinct type of headache characterized by piercing, throbbing, or electric-shock-like chronic pain in the upper neck, back of the head, and behind the ears, usually on one side.
definition: A distinct type of headache characterized by piercing, throbbing, or electric-shock-like chronic pain in the upper neck, back of the head, and behind the ears, usually on one side.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007867
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the cervix. Representative examples include cervicitis, endocervical polyp, and carcinoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the cervix. Representative examples include cervicitis, endocervical polyp, and carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007868
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.
definition: Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007869
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Eversion of the endocervix with protrusion of the central (endocervical) columnar epithelium through the external os of the cervis into the vaginal milieu.
definition: Eversion of the endocervix with protrusion of the central (endocervical) columnar epithelium through the external os of the cervis into the vaginal milieu.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007871
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A cervix that shows a painless dilation and shortening during the second trimester of pregnancy with resultant recurrent pregnancy loss or delivery is considered incompetent
definition: A cervix that shows a painless dilation and shortening during the second trimester of pregnancy with resultant recurrent pregnancy loss or delivery is considered incompetent

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007873
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the cervix. Representative examples include endocervical polyp, rhabdomyoma, carcinoma, and melanoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the cervix. Representative examples include endocervical polyp, rhabdomyoma, carcinoma, and melanoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007894
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with true tapeworms of the helminth subclass CESTODA.
definition: Infections with true tapeworms of the helminth subclass CESTODA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007901
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.
definition: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007904
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Cetyltrimethylammonium compounds that have cationic detergent, antiseptic, and disinfectant activities. They are used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics as preservatives; on skin, mucous membranes, etc., as antiseptics or cleansers, and also as emulsifiers. These compounds are toxic when used orally due to neuromuscular blockade.
definition: Cetyltrimethylammonium compounds that have cationic detergent, antiseptic, and disinfectant activities. They are used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics as preservatives; on skin, mucous membranes, etc., as antiseptics or cleansers, and also as emulsifiers. These compounds are toxic when used orally due to neuromuscular blockade.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007906
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.
definition: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007930
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A dilated cardiomyopathy caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Patients may present with heart block, congestive heart failure, or anginal symptoms.
definition: A dilated cardiomyopathy caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Patients may present with heart block, congestive heart failure, or anginal symptoms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007933
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A chronic epithelioid cell granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland. A chalazion or meibomian cyst appears as a painless tuberous swelling in the upper lid without loss of eyelashes.
definition: A chronic epithelioid cell granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland. A chalazion or meibomian cyst appears as a painless tuberous swelling in the upper lid without loss of eyelashes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007939
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The primary sore of syphilis, a painless indurated, eroded papule, occurring at the site of entry of the infection.
definition: The primary sore of syphilis, a painless indurated, eroded papule, occurring at the site of entry of the infection.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007947
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acute, localized autoinoculable infectious disease usually acquired through sexual contact. Caused by HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI, it occurs endemically almost worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries and more commonly in seaports and urban areas than in rural areas.
definition: Acute, localized autoinoculable infectious disease usually acquired through sexual contact. Caused by HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI, it occurs endemically almost worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries and more commonly in seaports and urban areas than in rural areas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007955
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e.g., wood. The activated form of charcoal is used in the treatment of poisoning. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
definition: An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e.g., wood. The activated form of charcoal is used in the treatment of poisoning. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007959
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease encompasses a group of disorders called hereditary sensory and motor neuropathies that damage the peripheral nerves. Peripheral nerves connect the brain and spinal cord to muscles and to sensory cells that detect sensations such as touch, pain, heat, and sound. Damage to the peripheral nerves that worsens over time can result in alteration or loss of sensation and wasting (atrophy) of muscles in the feet, legs, and hands.Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease usually becomes apparent in adolescence or early adulthood, but onset may occur anytime from early childhood through late adulthood. Symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease vary in severity and age of onset even among members of the same family. Some people never realize they have the disorder because their symptoms are so mild, but most have a moderate amount of physical disability. A small percentage of people experience severe weakness or other problems which, in very rare cases, can be life-threatening. In most affected individuals, however, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease does not affect life expectancy.Typically, the earliest symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease result from muscle atrophy in the feet. Affected individuals may have foot abnormalities such as high arches (pes cavus), flat feet (pes planus), or curled toes (hammer toes). They often have difficulty flexing the foot or walking on the heel of the foot. These difficulties may cause a higher than normal step (steppage gait) and increase the risk of ankle injuries and tripping. As the disease worsens, muscles in the lower legs usually weaken, but leg and foot problems rarely require the use of a wheelchair.Affected individuals may also develop weakness in the hands, causing difficulty with daily activities such as writing, fastening buttons, and turning doorknobs. People with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease typically experience a decreased sensitivity to touch, heat, and cold in the feet and lower legs, but occasionally feel aching or …
definition: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease encompasses a group of disorders called hereditary sensory and motor neuropathies that damage the peripheral nerves. Peripheral nerves connect the brain and spinal cord to muscles and to sensory cells that detect sensations such as touch, pain, heat, and sound. Damage to the peripheral nerves that worsens over time can result in alteration or loss of sensation and wasting (atrophy) of muscles in the feet, legs, and hands.Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease usually becomes apparent in adolescence or early adulthood, but onset may occur anytime from early childhood through late adulthood. Symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease vary in severity and age of onset even among members of the same family. Some people never realize they have the disorder because their symptoms are so mild, but most have a moderate amount of physical disability. A small percentage of people experience severe weakness or other problems which, in very rare cases, can be life-threatening. In most affected individuals, however, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease does not affect life expectancy.Typically, the earliest symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease result from muscle atrophy in the feet. Affected individuals may have foot abnormalities such as high arches (pes cavus), flat feet (pes planus), or curled toes (hammer toes). They often have difficulty flexing the foot or walking on the heel of the foot. These difficulties may cause a higher than normal step (steppage gait) and increase the risk of ankle injuries and tripping. As the disease worsens, muscles in the lower legs usually weaken, but leg and foot problems rarely require the use of a wheelchair.Affected individuals may also develop weakness in the hands, causing difficulty with daily activities such as writing, fastening buttons, and turning doorknobs. People with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease typically experience a decreased sensitivity to touch, heat, and cold in the feet and lower legs, but occasionally feel aching or …

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007965
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is characterized by partial oculocutaneous albinism, immunodeficiency, and a mild bleeding tendency. Approximately 85% of affected individuals develop the accelerated phase, or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a life-threatening, hyperinflammatory condition. All affected individuals including adolescents and adults with atypical CHS and children with classic CHS who have successfully undergone allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) develop neurologic findings during early adulthood.
definition: Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is characterized by partial oculocutaneous albinism, immunodeficiency, and a mild bleeding tendency. Approximately 85% of affected individuals develop the accelerated phase, or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a life-threatening, hyperinflammatory condition. All affected individuals including adolescents and adults with atypical CHS and children with classic CHS who have successfully undergone allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) develop neurologic findings during early adulthood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007971
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An inflammatory process affecting the lip.
definition: An inflammatory process affecting the lip.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007974
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.
definition: Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0007994
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Used for biological phenomena, diseases, syndromes, congenital abnormalities, or symptoms caused by endogenous or exogenous substances.
definition: Used for biological phenomena, diseases, syndromes, congenital abnormalities, or symptoms caused by endogenous or exogenous substances.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008024
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.
definition: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008029
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Cherubism is a childhood-onset, autoinflammatory bone disease characterized by bilateral and symmetric proliferative fibroosseous lesions limited to the mandible and maxilla. The enlargement is usually symmetric in nature. The phenotype ranges from no clinical manifestations to severe mandibular and maxillary overgrowth with respiratory, vision, speech, and swallowing problems. In most affected persons, teeth are displaced, unerupted, unformed, or absent, or may appear to be floating in cystlike spaces; malocclusion, premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth, and root resorption have also been reported. The course and duration of the active process of bone destruction varies between affected individuals; the onset is usually in early childhood, and typically new lesions can occur until puberty. Regression of the lesions occurs as they become filled with bone and remodel during the second and third decade of life. By age 30 years, the facial abnormalities associated with cherubism are not usually recognizable and residual deformity of the jaws is rare. Typically, cherubism is an isolated benign condition; the affected person has normal intellectual skills and is without other physical anomalies.
definition: Cherubism is a childhood-onset, autoinflammatory bone disease characterized by bilateral and symmetric proliferative fibroosseous lesions limited to the mandible and maxilla. The enlargement is usually symmetric in nature. The phenotype ranges from no clinical manifestations to severe mandibular and maxillary overgrowth with respiratory, vision, speech, and swallowing problems. In most affected persons, teeth are displaced, unerupted, unformed, or absent, or may appear to be floating in cystlike spaces; malocclusion, premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth, and root resorption have also been reported. The course and duration of the active process of bone destruction varies between affected individuals; the onset is usually in early childhood, and typically new lesions can occur until puberty. Regression of the lesions occurs as they become filled with bone and remodel during the second and third decade of life. By age 30 years, the facial abnormalities associated with cherubism are not usually recognizable and residual deformity of the jaws is rare. Typically, cherubism is an isolated benign condition; the affected person has normal intellectual skills and is without other physical anomalies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008031
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the chest.
definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the chest.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008033
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Painful sensation in the pleura.
definition: Painful sensation in the pleura.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008035
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Painful sensation in the chest wall region.
definition: Painful sensation in the chest wall region.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008039
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase in depth and rate and is then followed by a period of apnea. The period of apnea can last 5 to 30 seconds, then the cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.
definition: An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase in depth and rate and is then followed by a period of apnea. The period of apnea can last 5 to 30 seconds, then the cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008043
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A POSTPARTUM condition consists of persistent lactation (GALACTORRHEA) and AMENORRHEA in patients not BREAST FEEDING.
definition: A POSTPARTUM condition consists of persistent lactation (GALACTORRHEA) and AMENORRHEA in patients not BREAST FEEDING.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008049
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A contagious childhood disorder caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is transmitted via respiratory secretions and contact with chickenpox blister contents. It presents with a vesicular skin rash, usually associated with fever, headache, and myalgias. The pruritic fluid-filled vesicles occur 10-21 days after exposure and last for 3-4 days. An additional 3-4 days of malaise follows before the affected individual feels better. An individual is contagious 1-2 days prior to the appearance of the blisters until all blisters are crusted over. Generally, healthy individuals recover without complications.
definition: A contagious childhood disorder caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is transmitted via respiratory secretions and contact with chickenpox blister contents. It presents with a vesicular skin rash, usually associated with fever, headache, and myalgias. The pruritic fluid-filled vesicles occur 10-21 days after exposure and last for 3-4 days. An additional 3-4 days of malaise follows before the affected individual feels better. An individual is contagious 1-2 days prior to the appearance of the blisters until all blisters are crusted over. Generally, healthy individuals recover without complications.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008055
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute infection caused by a mosquito-borne alphavirus CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS characterized by RASH; FEVER; JOINT PAINS; CONJUNCTIVITIS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; LYMPHOPENIA; and THROMBOCYTOPENIA.
definition: An acute infection caused by a mosquito-borne alphavirus CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS characterized by RASH; FEVER; JOINT PAINS; CONJUNCTIVITIS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; LYMPHOPENIA; and THROMBOCYTOPENIA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008058
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare condition characterized by skin inflammation, blister formation, swelling and ulcerations in the extremities. It occurs in persons exposed to cold temperatures.
definition: A rare condition characterized by skin inflammation, blister formation, swelling and ulcerations in the extremities. It occurs in persons exposed to cold temperatures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008060
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abuse of children in a family, institutional, or other setting. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)
definition: Abuse of children in a family, institutional, or other setting. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008062
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Sexual maltreatment of the child or minor.
definition: Sexual maltreatment of the child or minor.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008066
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.
definition: Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008073
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder diagnosed in childhood that is marked by either physical or mental impairment or both, which in turn affects the child from achieving age related developmental milestones.
definition: A disorder diagnosed in childhood that is marked by either physical or mental impairment or both, which in turn affects the child from achieving age related developmental milestones.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008074
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.
definition: Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008087
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition, occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years.
definition: Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition, occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008090
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Reactions to an event or set of events which are considered to be of pathological degree, that have not developed into a neurosis, psychosis, or personality disorder with fixed patterns.
definition: Reactions to an event or set of events which are considered to be of pathological degree, that have not developed into a neurosis, psychosis, or personality disorder with fixed patterns.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008149
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infection that is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
definition: An infection that is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008153
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008161
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA.
definition: A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008162
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.
definition: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008163
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)
definition: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008188
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A long-acting benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic activity. Chlordiazepoxide exerts its effect by binding to the benzodiazepine site at the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride ionophore complex in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to an increase in the opening of chloride channels, membrane hyperpolarization and increases the inhibitory effect of GABA on the CNS.
definition: A long-acting benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic activity. Chlordiazepoxide exerts its effect by binding to the benzodiazepine site at the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride ionophore complex in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to an increase in the opening of chloride channels, membrane hyperpolarization and increases the inhibitory effect of GABA on the CNS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008196
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity. Chlorhexidine is positively charged and reacts with the negatively charged microbial cell surface, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane. Subsequently, chlorhexidine penetrates into the cell and causes leakage of intracellular components leading to cell death. Since gram positive bacteria are more negatively charged, they are more sensitive to this agent.
definition: A biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity. Chlorhexidine is positively charged and reacts with the negatively charged microbial cell surface, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane. Subsequently, chlorhexidine penetrates into the cell and causes leakage of intracellular components leading to cell death. Since gram positive bacteria are more negatively charged, they are more sensitive to this agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008211
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.
definition: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008214
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive.
definition: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008217
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool.
definition: A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008221
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.
definition: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008223
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.
definition: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008232
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A colorless to white crystalline compound with a camphoraceous odor and taste. It is a widely used preservative in various pharmaceutical solutions, especially injectables. Also, it is an active ingredient in certain oral sedatives and topical anesthetics.
definition: A colorless to white crystalline compound with a camphoraceous odor and taste. It is a widely used preservative in various pharmaceutical solutions, especially injectables. Also, it is an active ingredient in certain oral sedatives and topical anesthetics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008241
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.
definition: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008249
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.
definition: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008269
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A 4-aminoquinoline with antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and potential chemosensitization and radiosensitization activities. Although the mechanism is not well understood, chloroquine is shown to inhibit the parasitic enzyme heme polymerase that converts the toxic heme into non-toxic hemazoin, thereby resulting in the accumulation of toxic heme within the parasite. This agent may also interfere with the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. Chloroquine's potential chemosensitizing and radiosensitizing activities in cancer may be related to its inhibition of autophagy, a cellular mechanism involving lysosomal degradation that minimizes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related to tumor reoxygenation and tumor exposure to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.
definition: A 4-aminoquinoline with antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and potential chemosensitization and radiosensitization activities. Although the mechanism is not well understood, chloroquine is shown to inhibit the parasitic enzyme heme polymerase that converts the toxic heme into non-toxic hemazoin, thereby resulting in the accumulation of toxic heme within the parasite. This agent may also interfere with the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. Chloroquine's potential chemosensitizing and radiosensitizing activities in cancer may be related to its inhibition of autophagy, a cellular mechanism involving lysosomal degradation that minimizes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related to tumor reoxygenation and tumor exposure to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008271
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 8-Hydroxyquinolinols chlorinated on the number 5 and/or 7 carbon atom(s). They are antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antidiarrheal, especially in amebiasis, and have also been used as antiseborrheics. The compounds are mostly used topically, but have been used also as animal feed additives. They may cause optic and other neuropathies and are most frequently administered in combination with other agents.
definition: 8-Hydroxyquinolinols chlorinated on the number 5 and/or 7 carbon atom(s). They are antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antidiarrheal, especially in amebiasis, and have also been used as antiseborrheics. The compounds are mostly used topically, but have been used also as animal feed additives. They may cause optic and other neuropathies and are most frequently administered in combination with other agents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008273
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A short-acting, benzothiadiazinesulfonamide derivative and prototypical thiazide diuretic. Chlorothiazide is excreted unchanged by the kidneys.
definition: A short-acting, benzothiadiazinesulfonamide derivative and prototypical thiazide diuretic. Chlorothiazide is excreted unchanged by the kidneys.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008275
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.
definition: A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008280
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203)
definition: A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008281
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.
definition: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008283
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chlorinated analogue of phentermine, a sympathomimetic amine with central nervous system (CNS) stimulating and anorexic activity. Chlorphentermine acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, especially noradrenaline and dopamine, from nerve terminals in the brain and also inhibits their uptake. The increase in synaptic concentrations of these catecholamines causes behavioral changes including an increase in motor activity, mental alertness and excitement, causes euphoria, and suppresses appetite.
definition: A chlorinated analogue of phentermine, a sympathomimetic amine with central nervous system (CNS) stimulating and anorexic activity. Chlorphentermine acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, especially noradrenaline and dopamine, from nerve terminals in the brain and also inhibits their uptake. The increase in synaptic concentrations of these catecholamines causes behavioral changes including an increase in motor activity, mental alertness and excitement, causes euphoria, and suppresses appetite.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008286
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A phenothiazine and traditional antipsychotic agent with anti-emetic activity. Chlorpromazine exerts its antipsychotic effect by blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors in cortical and limbic areas of the brain, thereby preventing the excess of dopamine in the brain. This leads to a reduction in psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions. Chlorpromazine appears to exert its anti-emetic activity by blocking the dopamine receptors in the chemical trigger zone (CTZ) in the brain, thereby relieving nausea and vomiting.
definition: A phenothiazine and traditional antipsychotic agent with anti-emetic activity. Chlorpromazine exerts its antipsychotic effect by blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors in cortical and limbic areas of the brain, thereby preventing the excess of dopamine in the brain. This leads to a reduction in psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions. Chlorpromazine appears to exert its anti-emetic activity by blocking the dopamine receptors in the chemical trigger zone (CTZ) in the brain, thereby relieving nausea and vomiting.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008287
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A long-acting, first-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Compared to other sulfonylureas, chlorpropamide has an increased risk of prolonged hypoglycemia because of its long half-life.
definition: A long-acting, first-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Compared to other sulfonylureas, chlorpropamide has an increased risk of prolonged hypoglycemia because of its long half-life.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008290
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.
definition: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008292
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Local anti-infective agent used for skin, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections with fungi, protozoa, and certain bacteria. In animals, it causes central nervous system damage and is not administered parenterally. It is also used as antiseptic, fungistat, or deodorant.
definition: Local anti-infective agent used for skin, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections with fungi, protozoa, and certain bacteria. In animals, it causes central nervous system damage and is not administered parenterally. It is also used as antiseptic, fungistat, or deodorant.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008294
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.
definition: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008296
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benzoxazolone derivative with mild sedative and centrally-acting muscle relaxant activities. Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, chlorzoxazone (CZ) appears to act at the spinal cord and subcortical levels of the brain to inhibit multisynaptic reflex arcs involved in producing and maintaining muscle spasms. This agent is extensively hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (HCZ),11,12 which is subsequently glucuronidated and eliminated renally. Highly selective for CYP2E1, CZ may be used as a selective probe for phenotyping CYP2E1 in humans; the ratio of HCZ-to-CZ plasma concentrations obtained 2 to 4 hours after oral administration of CZ may be used as a phenotypic measure of CYP2E1 enzymatic activity.
definition: A benzoxazolone derivative with mild sedative and centrally-acting muscle relaxant activities. Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, chlorzoxazone (CZ) appears to act at the spinal cord and subcortical levels of the brain to inhibit multisynaptic reflex arcs involved in producing and maintaining muscle spasms. This agent is extensively hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (HCZ),11,12 which is subsequently glucuronidated and eliminated renally. Highly selective for CYP2E1, CZ may be used as a selective probe for phenotyping CYP2E1 in humans; the ratio of HCZ-to-CZ plasma concentrations obtained 2 to 4 hours after oral administration of CZ may be used as a phenotypic measure of CYP2E1 enzymatic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008297
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A congenital abnormality that is characterized by a blocked CHOANAE, the opening between the nose and the NASOPHARYNX. Blockage can be unilateral or bilateral; bony or membranous.
definition: A congenital abnormality that is characterized by a blocked CHOANAE, the opening between the nose and the NASOPHARYNX. Blockage can be unilateral or bilateral; bony or membranous.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008298
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign exophytic growth that arises from the nasopharynx.
definition: A benign exophytic growth that arises from the nasopharynx.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008301
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Interference with respiration by compression or obstruction of the larynx or trachea.
definition: Interference with respiration by compression or obstruction of the larynx or trachea.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008304
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).
definition: Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008309
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign, well-demarcated polypoid neoplasm arising from the bile duct epithelium. According to the growth pattern, it is classified as tubular, papillary, or tubulopapillary. Adenomas arising from the extrahepatic bile ducts usually produce symptoms related to biliary obstruction.
definition: A benign, well-demarcated polypoid neoplasm arising from the bile duct epithelium. According to the growth pattern, it is classified as tubular, papillary, or tubulopapillary. Adenomas arising from the extrahepatic bile ducts usually produce symptoms related to biliary obstruction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008311
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the biliary tract.
definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the biliary tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008312
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by destruction of the small intrahepatic bile ducts. It affects predominantly females and it may lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Patients have antimitochondrial and antinuclear antibodies in the peripheral blood.
definition: An autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by destruction of the small intrahepatic bile ducts. It affects predominantly females and it may lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Patients have antimitochondrial and antinuclear antibodies in the peripheral blood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008313
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Cholangitis associated with evident ductal fibrosis that develops as a consequence of long-standing bile duct inflammatory, obstruction, or ischemic injury; it can be obliterative or nonobliterative.
definition: Cholangitis associated with evident ductal fibrosis that develops as a consequence of long-standing bile duct inflammatory, obstruction, or ischemic injury; it can be obliterative or nonobliterative.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008318
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A steroid hormone produced in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light or obtained from dietary sources. The active form of cholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) plays an important role in maintaining blood calcium and phosphorus levels and mineralization of bone. The activated form of cholecalciferol binds to vitamin D receptors and modulates gene expression. This leads to an increase in serum calcium concentrations by increasing intestinal absorption of phosphorus and calcium, promoting distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increasing osteoclastic resorption.
definition: A steroid hormone produced in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light or obtained from dietary sources. The active form of cholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) plays an important role in maintaining blood calcium and phosphorus levels and mineralization of bone. The activated form of cholecalciferol binds to vitamin D receptors and modulates gene expression. This leads to an increase in serum calcium concentrations by increasing intestinal absorption of phosphorus and calcium, promoting distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increasing osteoclastic resorption.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008325
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: The presence of inflammatory changes in the gallbladder. [HPO:probinson]
definition: The presence of inflammatory changes in the gallbladder. [HPO:probinson]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008328
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.
definition: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008340
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A congenital anatomic malformation of a bile duct, including cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct or the large intrahepatic bile duct. Classification is based on the site and type of dilatation. Type I is most common.
definition: A congenital anatomic malformation of a bile duct, including cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct or the large intrahepatic bile duct. Classification is based on the site and type of dilatation. Type I is most common.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008350
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Hard, pebble-like deposits that form within the gallbladder.
definition: Hard, pebble-like deposits that form within the gallbladder.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008354
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.
definition: An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008359
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.
definition: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008362
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: gastrointestinal agent that stimulates the flow of bile into the duodenum or stimulates the production of bile by the liver.
definition: gastrointestinal agent that stimulates the flow of bile into the duodenum or stimulates the production of bile by the liver.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008370
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in bile ducts.
definition: Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in bile ducts.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008372
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).
definition: Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008373
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-neoplastic mass of keratin-producing squamous EPITHELIUM, frequently occurring in the MENINGES; bones of the skull, and most commonly in the MIDDLE EAR and MASTOID region. Cholesteatoma can be congenital or acquired. Cholesteatoma is not a tumor nor is it associated with high CHOLESTEROL.
definition: A non-neoplastic mass of keratin-producing squamous EPITHELIUM, frequently occurring in the MENINGES; bones of the skull, and most commonly in the MIDDLE EAR and MASTOID region. Cholesteatoma can be congenital or acquired. Cholesteatoma is not a tumor nor is it associated with high CHOLESTEROL.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008384
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene for acid lipase (STEROL ESTERASE). It is characterized by the accumulation of neutral lipids, particularly CHOLESTEROL ESTERS in leukocytes, fibroblasts, and hepatocytes.
definition: An autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene for acid lipase (STEROL ESTERASE). It is characterized by the accumulation of neutral lipids, particularly CHOLESTEROL ESTERS in leukocytes, fibroblasts, and hepatocytes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008402
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.
definition: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008404
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.
definition: The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008405
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.
definition: A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008412
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
definition: A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008425
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and thereby inactivated, by cholinesterases. When cholinesterases are inhibited, the action of endogenously released acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses is potentiated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used clinically for their potentiation of cholinergic inputs to the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the eye, and skeletal muscles; they are also used for their effects on the heart and the central nervous system.
definition: Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and thereby inactivated, by cholinesterases. When cholinesterases are inhibited, the action of endogenously released acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses is potentiated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used clinically for their potentiation of cholinergic inputs to the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the eye, and skeletal muscles; they are also used for their effects on the heart and the central nervous system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008428
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates. They are an important component of therapy in agricultural, industrial, and military poisonings by organophosphates and sulfonates.
definition: Drugs used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates. They are an important component of therapy in agricultural, industrial, and military poisonings by organophosphates and sulfonates.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008439
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Inflammation of cartilage.
definition: Inflammation of cartilage.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008441
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign, chondroid-producing, well-circumscribed, lytic neoplasm usually arising from the epiphysis of long bones. It is characterized by the presence of chondroblasts, osteoclast-like giant cells, chondroid formation, calcification, and mitotic activity. In aggressive cases, there is rearrangement of the 8q21 chromosome band. It occurs most frequently in children and young adults and rarely metastasizes.
definition: A benign, chondroid-producing, well-circumscribed, lytic neoplasm usually arising from the epiphysis of long bones. It is characterized by the presence of chondroblasts, osteoclast-like giant cells, chondroid formation, calcification, and mitotic activity. In aggressive cases, there is rearrangement of the 8q21 chromosome band. It occurs most frequently in children and young adults and rarely metastasizes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008445
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias, the common character of which is stippling of the epiphyses in infancy. The group includes a severe autosomal recessive form (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC), an autosomal dominant form (Conradi-Hunermann syndrome), and a milder X-linked form. Metabolic defects associated with impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form.
definition: A heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias, the common character of which is stippling of the epiphyses in infancy. The group includes a severe autosomal recessive form (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC), an autosomal dominant form (Conradi-Hunermann syndrome), and a milder X-linked form. Metabolic defects associated with impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008449
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any dysfunction in the growth of cartilage.
definition: Any dysfunction in the growth of cartilage.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008454
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
definition: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008466
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.
definition: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008475
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A degeneration of the ARTICULAR CARTILAGE of the PATELLA, caused by a decrease in sulfated MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the ground substance. When accompanied by pain, it is sometimes considered part of or confused with PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME.
definition: A degeneration of the ARTICULAR CARTILAGE of the PATELLA, caused by a decrease in sulfated MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the ground substance. When accompanied by pain, it is sometimes considered part of or confused with PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008476
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An uncommon, benign cartilaginous neoplasm usually occurring in adults. The nodular tumor arises from the synovial membranes of joints. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, nuclear pleomorphism, and hyaline cartilage differentiation. Clinical presentation may include joint pain, swelling, and limited range of motion.
definition: An uncommon, benign cartilaginous neoplasm usually occurring in adults. The nodular tumor arises from the synovial membranes of joints. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, nuclear pleomorphism, and hyaline cartilage differentiation. Clinical presentation may include joint pain, swelling, and limited range of motion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008479
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant cartilaginous matrix-producing mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the bone and soft tissue. It usually affects middle-aged to elderly adults. The pelvic bones, ribs, shoulder girdle, and long bones are the most common sites of involvement. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion.
definition: A malignant cartilaginous matrix-producing mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the bone and soft tissue. It usually affects middle-aged to elderly adults. The pelvic bones, ribs, shoulder girdle, and long bones are the most common sites of involvement. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008487
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Chordomas are rare, clinically malignant tumors derived from notochordal remnants. They occur along the length of the spinal axis, predominantly in the sphenooccipital, vertebral, and sacrococcygeal regions. They are characterized by slow growth, local destruction of bone, extension into adjacent soft tissues, and, rarely, distant metastatic spread (Stepanek et al., 1998). The incidence of chordoma is age-dependent, with fewer than 5% occurring in children and adolescents (summary by McMaster et al., 2011).
definition: Chordomas are rare, clinically malignant tumors derived from notochordal remnants. They occur along the length of the spinal axis, predominantly in the sphenooccipital, vertebral, and sacrococcygeal regions. They are characterized by slow growth, local destruction of bone, extension into adjacent soft tissues, and, rarely, distant metastatic spread (Stepanek et al., 1998). The incidence of chordoma is age-dependent, with fewer than 5% occurring in children and adolescents (summary by McMaster et al., 2011).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008489
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A neurological condition affecting the involuntary movements. It is characterized by brief, non-repetitive irregular muscle contractions. It is seen in patients with Huntington's disease.
definition: A neurological condition affecting the involuntary movements. It is characterized by brief, non-repetitive irregular muscle contractions. It is seen in patients with Huntington's disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008493
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A complete hydatidiform mole or very rarely a partial mole that invades the myometrium.
definition: A complete hydatidiform mole or very rarely a partial mole that invades the myometrium.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008495
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A morphologic finding indicating inflammation of the fetal sac membranes. It is characterized by neutrophilic infiltration of the amnion and chorion.
definition: A morphologic finding indicating inflammation of the fetal sac membranes. It is characterized by neutrophilic infiltration of the amnion and chorion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008497
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).
definition: A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008512
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Fibrous connective tissue resulting from incomplete healing of a wound (i.e., a scar) located in the choroid and retina or the eye.
definition: Fibrous connective tissue resulting from incomplete healing of a wound (i.e., a scar) located in the choroid and retina or the eye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008513
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An inflammation of the choroid and retina.
definition: An inflammation of the choroid and retina.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008519
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.
definition: A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008521
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Any structural abnormality of the choroid.
definition: Any structural abnormality of the choroid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008522
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Hemorrhage from the vessels of the choroid.
definition: Hemorrhage from the vessels of the choroid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008523
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the choroid.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the choroid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008525
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Choroideremia (CHM) is characterized by progressive chorioretinal degeneration in affected males and milder signs in carrier females. Typically, symptoms in affected males evolve from night blindness to peripheral visual field loss, with central vision preserved until late in life. Although carrier females are generally asymptomatic, signs of chorioretinal degeneration can be observed with careful fundus examination. These signs become more readily apparent after the second decade.
definition: Choroideremia (CHM) is characterized by progressive chorioretinal degeneration in affected males and milder signs in carrier females. Typically, symptoms in affected males evolve from night blindness to peripheral visual field loss, with central vision preserved until late in life. Although carrier females are generally asymptomatic, signs of chorioretinal degeneration can be observed with careful fundus examination. These signs become more readily apparent after the second decade.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008526
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inflammation of the choroid.
definition: Inflammation of the choroid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008533
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Hemophilia B is characterized by deficiency in factor IX clotting activity that results in prolonged oozing after injuries, tooth extractions, or surgery, and delayed or recurrent bleeding prior to complete wound healing. The age of diagnosis and frequency of bleeding episodes are related to the level of factor IX clotting activity. In individuals with severe hemophilia B, spontaneous joint or deep-muscle bleeding is the most frequent sign. Individuals with severe hemophilia B are usually diagnosed during the first two years of life; without prophylactic treatment, they may average up to two to five spontaneous bleeding episodes each month. Individuals with moderate hemophilia B seldom have spontaneous bleeding; however, they do have prolonged or delayed oozing after relatively minor trauma and are usually diagnosed before age five to six years; the frequency of bleeding episodes varies from once a month to once a year. Individuals with mild hemophilia B do not have spontaneous bleeding episodes; however, without pre- and postoperative treatment, abnormal bleeding occurs with surgery or tooth extractions; the frequency of bleeding may vary from once a year to once every ten years. Individuals with mild hemophilia B are often not diagnosed until later in life. In any individual with hemophilia B, bleeding episodes may be more frequent in childhood and adolescence than in adulthood. Approximately 30% of heterozygous females have factor IX clotting activity lower than 40% and are at risk for bleeding (even if the affected family member has mild hemophilia B), although symptoms are usually mild. After major trauma or invasive procedures, prolonged or excessive bleeding usually occurs, regardless of severity.
definition: Hemophilia B is characterized by deficiency in factor IX clotting activity that results in prolonged oozing after injuries, tooth extractions, or surgery, and delayed or recurrent bleeding prior to complete wound healing. The age of diagnosis and frequency of bleeding episodes are related to the level of factor IX clotting activity. In individuals with severe hemophilia B, spontaneous joint or deep-muscle bleeding is the most frequent sign. Individuals with severe hemophilia B are usually diagnosed during the first two years of life; without prophylactic treatment, they may average up to two to five spontaneous bleeding episodes each month. Individuals with moderate hemophilia B seldom have spontaneous bleeding; however, they do have prolonged or delayed oozing after relatively minor trauma and are usually diagnosed before age five to six years; the frequency of bleeding episodes varies from once a month to once a year. Individuals with mild hemophilia B do not have spontaneous bleeding episodes; however, without pre- and postoperative treatment, abnormal bleeding occurs with surgery or tooth extractions; the frequency of bleeding may vary from once a year to once every ten years. Individuals with mild hemophilia B are often not diagnosed until later in life. In any individual with hemophilia B, bleeding episodes may be more frequent in childhood and adolescence than in adulthood. Approximately 30% of heterozygous females have factor IX clotting activity lower than 40% and are at risk for bleeding (even if the affected family member has mild hemophilia B), although symptoms are usually mild. After major trauma or invasive procedures, prolonged or excessive bleeding usually occurs, regardless of severity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008582
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Scaly papule or warty growth, caused by five fungi, that spreads as a result of satellite lesions affecting the foot or leg. The extremity may become swollen and, at its distal portion, covered with various nodular, tumorous, verrucous lesions that resemble cauliflower. In rare instances, the disease may begin on the hand or wrist and involve the entire upper extremity. (Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p362)
definition: Scaly papule or warty growth, caused by five fungi, that spreads as a result of satellite lesions affecting the foot or leg. The extremity may become swollen and, at its distal portion, covered with various nodular, tumorous, verrucous lesions that resemble cauliflower. In rare instances, the disease may begin on the hand or wrist and involve the entire upper extremity. (Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p362)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008589
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A glycosidic antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Chromomycin antibiotics bind to the minor groove of DNA, specifically to guanine/cytosine base pairs, and inhibit RNA synthesis.
definition: A glycosidic antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Chromomycin antibiotics bind to the minor groove of DNA, specifically to guanine/cytosine base pairs, and inhibit RNA synthesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008593
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A coronary vasodilator agent.
definition: A coronary vasodilator agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008625
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An irregularity in the number or structure of chromosomes, usually in the form of a gain (duplication), loss (deletion), exchange (translocation), or alteration in sequence (inversion) of genetic material.
definition: An irregularity in the number or structure of chromosomes, usually in the form of a gain (duplication), loss (deletion), exchange (translocation), or alteration in sequence (inversion) of genetic material.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008626
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder that results from a chromosomal abnormality.
definition: A disorder that results from a chromosomal abnormality.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008628
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Loss of a portion of a chromosome arm.
definition: Loss of a portion of a chromosome arm.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008629
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Susceptibility of chromosomes to breakage leading to translocation; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; SEQUENCE DELETION; or other CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE related aberrations.
definition: Susceptibility of chromosomes to breakage leading to translocation; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; SEQUENCE DELETION; or other CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE related aberrations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008677
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.
definition: A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008679
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
definition: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008680
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs characterized by the presence of eosinophils in the interalveolar septa and alveolar spaces and peripheral blood eosinophilia. Chest x-rays reveal peripheral infiltrates. Approximately half of the patients have history of asthma or atopic disease. Signs and symptoms include fever, dyspnea, cough, and weight loss. Following treatment with corticosteroids, the eosinophilic infiltrates in the lungs disappear, resulting in dramatic clinical improvement.
definition: Chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs characterized by the presence of eosinophils in the interalveolar septa and alveolar spaces and peripheral blood eosinophilia. Chest x-rays reveal peripheral infiltrates. Approximately half of the patients have history of asthma or atopic disease. Signs and symptoms include fever, dyspnea, cough, and weight loss. Following treatment with corticosteroids, the eosinophilic infiltrates in the lungs disappear, resulting in dramatic clinical improvement.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008681
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the ethmoid sinus that typically lasts beyond eight weeks. It is caused by infections, allergies, and the presence of sinus polyps or a deviated septum. Signs and symptoms include headache, nasal discharge, swelling in the face, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.
definition: Inflammation of the ethmoid sinus that typically lasts beyond eight weeks. It is caused by infections, allergies, and the presence of sinus polyps or a deviated septum. Signs and symptoms include headache, nasal discharge, swelling in the face, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008683
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the frontal sinus that typically lasts beyond eight weeks. It is caused by infections, allergies, and the presence of sinus polyps or a deviated septum. Signs and symptoms include headache, nasal discharge, swelling in the face, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.
definition: Inflammation of the frontal sinus that typically lasts beyond eight weeks. It is caused by infections, allergies, and the presence of sinus polyps or a deviated septum. Signs and symptoms include headache, nasal discharge, swelling in the face, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008684
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Chronic painless inflammation of the gums. It is characterized by erythema and edema of the gums and bleeding while brushing the teeth.
definition: Chronic painless inflammation of the gums. It is characterized by erythema and edema of the gums and bleeding while brushing the teeth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008686
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A slowly progressive inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by immune complex deposits on the epithelial side of the glomerular basement membrane.
definition: A slowly progressive inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by immune complex deposits on the epithelial side of the glomerular basement membrane.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008698
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the maxillary sinus that typically lasts beyond eight weeks. It is caused by infections, allergies, and the presence of sinus polyps or a deviated septum. Signs and symptoms include headache, nasal discharge, swelling in the face, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.
definition: Inflammation of the maxillary sinus that typically lasts beyond eight weeks. It is caused by infections, allergies, and the presence of sinus polyps or a deviated septum. Signs and symptoms include headache, nasal discharge, swelling in the face, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008701
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A neurological disorder presenting in childhood that is characterized by either motor or phonic tics, but not both, that occur daily or nearly daily for at least a year and are not attributed to an identifiable cause.
definition: A neurological disorder presenting in childhood that is characterized by either motor or phonic tics, but not both, that occur daily or nearly daily for at least a year and are not attributed to an identifiable cause.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008711
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity mucosa. It may lead to post-nasal drip resulting in chronic sore throat and chronic cough.
definition: Chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity mucosa. It may lead to post-nasal drip resulting in chronic sore throat and chronic cough.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008712
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the sphenoid sinus that typically lasts beyond eight weeks. It is caused by infections, allergies, and the presence of sinus polyps or a deviated septum. Signs and symptoms include headache, nasal discharge, swelling in the face, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.
definition: Inflammation of the sphenoid sinus that typically lasts beyond eight weeks. It is caused by infections, allergies, and the presence of sinus polyps or a deviated septum. Signs and symptoms include headache, nasal discharge, swelling in the face, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008721
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An extract of Goa powder; a complex mixture of reduction products of chrysophanic acid, emodin, and emodin monomethyl ether; used locally in ringworm, psoriasis, and eczema.
definition: An extract of Goa powder; a complex mixture of reduction products of chrysophanic acid, emodin, and emodin monomethyl ether; used locally in ringworm, psoriasis, and eczema.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008728
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An autoimmune necrotizing vasculitis with the formation of granulomas. It is a pulmonary and systemic vasculitis associated with eosinophilia.
definition: An autoimmune necrotizing vasculitis with the formation of granulomas. It is a pulmonary and systemic vasculitis associated with eosinophilia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008732
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Accumulation of chyle (milky fluid) in the peritoneal cavity. It results from the disruption of the lymphatic vessels in the abdominal cavity.
definition: Accumulation of chyle (milky fluid) in the peritoneal cavity. It results from the disruption of the lymphatic vessels in the abdominal cavity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008733
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A milky pleural effusion resulting from accumulation of lymph fluid in the pleural cavity. Causes include malignancies (usually lymphoma), trauma to the thoracic duct, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and congenital causes.
definition: A milky pleural effusion resulting from accumulation of lymph fluid in the pleural cavity. Causes include malignancies (usually lymphoma), trauma to the thoracic duct, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and congenital causes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008736
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6.
definition: A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008742
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.
definition: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008767
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.
definition: The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008777
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.
definition: A renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008780
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is associated with situs abnormalities, abnormal sperm motility, and abnormal ciliary structure and function that result in retention of mucus and bacteria in the respiratory tract leading to chronic otosinopulmonary disease. More than 75% of full-term neonates with PCD have ""neonatal respiratory distress"" requiring supplemental oxygen for days to weeks. Chronic airway infection, apparent in early childhood, results in bronchiectasis that is almost uniformly present in adulthood. Nasal congestion and sinus infections, apparent in early childhood, persist through adulthood. Chronic/recurrent ear infection, apparent in most young children, can be associated with transient or later irreversible hearing loss. Situs inversus totalis (mirror-image reversal of all visceral organs with no apparent physiologic consequences) is present in 40%-50% of individuals with PCD; heterotaxy (discordance of right and left patterns of ordinarily asymmetric structures that can be associated with significant malformations) is present in approximately 12%. Virtually all males with PCD are infertile as a result of abnormal sperm motility.
definition: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is associated with situs abnormalities, abnormal sperm motility, and abnormal ciliary structure and function that result in retention of mucus and bacteria in the respiratory tract leading to chronic otosinopulmonary disease. More than 75% of full-term neonates with PCD have ""neonatal respiratory distress"" requiring supplemental oxygen for days to weeks. Chronic airway infection, apparent in early childhood, results in bronchiectasis that is almost uniformly present in adulthood. Nasal congestion and sinus infections, apparent in early childhood, persist through adulthood. Chronic/recurrent ear infection, apparent in most young children, can be associated with transient or later irreversible hearing loss. Situs inversus totalis (mirror-image reversal of all visceral organs with no apparent physiologic consequences) is present in 40%-50% of individuals with PCD; heterotaxy (discordance of right and left patterns of ordinarily asymmetric structures that can be associated with significant malformations) is present in approximately 12%. Virtually all males with PCD are infertile as a result of abnormal sperm motility.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008783
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A histamine H(2)-receptor antagonist. Enhancing anti-tumor cell-mediated responses, cimetidine blocks histamine's ability to stimulate suppressor T lymphocyte activity and to inhibit natural killer (NK) cell activity and interleukin-2 production. Cimetidine also may inhibit tumor growth by suppressing histamine's growth-factor activity and blocking histamine-induced stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic growth factor. (NCI04)
definition: A histamine H(2)-receptor antagonist. Enhancing anti-tumor cell-mediated responses, cimetidine blocks histamine's ability to stimulate suppressor T lymphocyte activity and to inhibit natural killer (NK) cell activity and interleukin-2 production. Cimetidine also may inhibit tumor growth by suppressing histamine's growth-factor activity and blocking histamine-induced stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic growth factor. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008788
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.
definition: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008792
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona.
definition: Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008801
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Derivatives of cinnamic acid (the structural formula: phenyl-HC=CH-COO-), including its salts and esters.
definition: Derivatives of cinnamic acid (the structural formula: phenyl-HC=CH-COO-), including its salts and esters.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008803
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.
definition: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008806
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.
definition: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008809
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.
definition: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008838
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An alkylating-like inorganic platinum agent (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) with antineoplastic activity. Cisplatin forms highly reactive, charged, platinum complexes which bind to nucleophilic groups such as GC-rich sites in DNA inducing intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein cross-links. These cross-links result in apoptosis and cell growth inhibition.
definition: An alkylating-like inorganic platinum agent (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) with antineoplastic activity. Cisplatin forms highly reactive, charged, platinum complexes which bind to nucleophilic groups such as GC-rich sites in DNA inducing intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein cross-links. These cross-links result in apoptosis and cell growth inhibition.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008845
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A bicyclic phthalene derivative and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with antidepressant and anxiolytic activities. Citalopram selectively inhibits the neuronal reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) in presynaptic cells in the central nervous system, thereby increasing levels of 5-HT within the synaptic cleft and enhancing the actions of serotonin on its receptors. Increased serotonergic neurotransmission results in antidepressive and anxiolytic effects.
definition: A bicyclic phthalene derivative and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with antidepressant and anxiolytic activities. Citalopram selectively inhibits the neuronal reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) in presynaptic cells in the central nervous system, thereby increasing levels of 5-HT within the synaptic cleft and enhancing the actions of serotonin on its receptors. Increased serotonergic neurotransmission results in antidepressive and anxiolytic effects.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008846
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The hydrochloride salt form of prilocaine, an intermediate-acting local anesthetic of the amide type chemically related to lidocaine. Prilocaine hydrochloride binds to voltage-gated sodium ion channels in the neuronal membrane, thereby preventing the permeability of sodium ions. This leads to a stabilization of the neuronal membrane and inhibits depolarization and results in a reversible blockage of nerve impulse generation and propagation along nerve fibres and subsequent reversible loss of sensation.
definition: The hydrochloride salt form of prilocaine, an intermediate-acting local anesthetic of the amide type chemically related to lidocaine. Prilocaine hydrochloride binds to voltage-gated sodium ion channels in the neuronal membrane, thereby preventing the permeability of sodium ions. This leads to a stabilization of the neuronal membrane and inhibits depolarization and results in a reversible blockage of nerve impulse generation and propagation along nerve fibres and subsequent reversible loss of sensation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008858
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.
definition: A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008864
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-essential amino acid. In hepatocytes, L-citrulline is synthesized in the urea cycle by the addition of carbon dioxide and ammonia to ornithine. L-citrulline is converted into L-arginine by the enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase in the presence of L-aspartate and ATP. Subsequently, L-arginine is converted to nitric oxide by nitric oxide synthase and L-citrulline is regenerated as a by-product.
definition: A non-essential amino acid. In hepatocytes, L-citrulline is synthesized in the urea cycle by the addition of carbon dioxide and ammonia to ornithine. L-citrulline is converted into L-arginine by the enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase in the presence of L-aspartate and ATP. Subsequently, L-arginine is converted to nitric oxide by nitric oxide synthase and L-citrulline is regenerated as a by-product.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008909
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormal fear of being in a closed or narrow space with no escape.
definition: An abnormal fear of being in a closed or narrow space with no escape.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008924
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A gap in the upper lip. This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development.
definition: A gap in the upper lip. This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008925
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital abnormality consisting of a fissure in the midline of the hard and/or soft palate; it is the result of the failure of the two sides of the palate to fuse during embryonic development.
definition: A congenital abnormality consisting of a fissure in the midline of the hard and/or soft palate; it is the result of the failure of the two sides of the palate to fuse during embryonic development.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008928
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) spectrum disorder is a skeletal dysplasia that represents a clinical continuum ranging from classic CCD (triad of delayed closure of the cranial sutures, hypoplastic or aplastic clavicles, and dental abnormalities) to mild CCD to isolated dental anomalies without the skeletal features. Most individuals come to diagnosis because they have classic features. At birth, affected individuals typically have abnormally large, wide-open fontanels that may remain open throughout life. Clavicular hypoplasia can result in narrow, sloping shoulders that can be opposed at the midline. Moderate short stature may be observed, with most affected individuals being shorter than their unaffected sibs. Dental anomalies may include supernumerary teeth, eruption failure of the permanent teeth, and presence of the second permanent molar with the primary dentition. Individuals with CCD spectrum disorder are at increased risk of developing recurrent sinus infections, recurrent ear infections leading to conductive hearing loss, and upper-airway obstruction. Intelligence is typically normal.
definition: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) spectrum disorder is a skeletal dysplasia that represents a clinical continuum ranging from classic CCD (triad of delayed closure of the cranial sutures, hypoplastic or aplastic clavicles, and dental abnormalities) to mild CCD to isolated dental anomalies without the skeletal features. Most individuals come to diagnosis because they have classic features. At birth, affected individuals typically have abnormally large, wide-open fontanels that may remain open throughout life. Clavicular hypoplasia can result in narrow, sloping shoulders that can be opposed at the midline. Moderate short stature may be observed, with most affected individuals being shorter than their unaffected sibs. Dental anomalies may include supernumerary teeth, eruption failure of the permanent teeth, and presence of the second permanent molar with the primary dentition. Individuals with CCD spectrum disorder are at increased risk of developing recurrent sinus infections, recurrent ear infections leading to conductive hearing loss, and upper-airway obstruction. Intelligence is typically normal.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008929
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.
definition: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008932
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A substituted phenylaminoethanol and a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist with sympathomimetic activity. Clenbuterol selectively binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle, thereby causing stimulation of adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased intracellular cAMP levels cause relaxation of smooth muscle. In addition, clenbuterol also stimulates central nervous system (CNS), and causes an increase in blood pressure and heart rate due to both beta-2 and beta-1 adrenergic activities. This agent may also exert an anabolic or anti-catabolic effect due to as of yet unidentified mechanisms.
definition: A substituted phenylaminoethanol and a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist with sympathomimetic activity. Clenbuterol selectively binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle, thereby causing stimulation of adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased intracellular cAMP levels cause relaxation of smooth muscle. In addition, clenbuterol also stimulates central nervous system (CNS), and causes an increase in blood pressure and heart rate due to both beta-2 and beta-1 adrenergic activities. This agent may also exert an anabolic or anti-catabolic effect due to as of yet unidentified mechanisms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008992
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.
definition: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008994
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The disodium salt of a nitrogen-free bisphosphonate analog of naturally occurring pyrophosphate. Clodronate binds to calcium and inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and hydroxyapatite crystal formation and dissolution, resulting in a reduction of bone turnover. This agent may control malignancy-associated hypercalcemia, inhibit osteolytic bone metastasis and decrease pain.
definition: The disodium salt of a nitrogen-free bisphosphonate analog of naturally occurring pyrophosphate. Clodronate binds to calcium and inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and hydroxyapatite crystal formation and dissolution, resulting in a reduction of bone turnover. This agent may control malignancy-associated hypercalcemia, inhibit osteolytic bone metastasis and decrease pain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008996
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)
definition: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0008998
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An oral hypolipemic agent primarily used in DOGS and RATS.
definition: An oral hypolipemic agent primarily used in DOGS and RATS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009002
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III and severe HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p986)
definition: A fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III and severe HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p986)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009003
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.
definition: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009008
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively.
definition: A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009010
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.
definition: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009011
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic benzodiazepine derivative used for myotonic or atonic seizures, absence seizures, and photosensitive epilepsy, anticonvulsant Clonazepam appears to enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor responses, although its mechanism of action is not clearly understood. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic benzodiazepine derivative used for myotonic or atonic seizures, absence seizures, and photosensitive epilepsy, anticonvulsant Clonazepam appears to enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor responses, although its mechanism of action is not clearly understood. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009014
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An imidazoline derivate and centrally-acting alpha-adrenergic agonist, with antihypertensive activity. Clonidine binds to and stimulates central alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, thereby reducing the amount of norepinephrine (NE) release and thus decreasing sympathetic outflow to the heart, kidneys, and peripheral vasculature. The reduction in sympathetic outflow leads to decreased peripheral vascular resistance, decreased blood pressure, and decreased heart rate. In addition, clonidine binds to imidazoline receptor subtype 1 (I1), which may also contribute to a reduction in blood pressure.
definition: An imidazoline derivate and centrally-acting alpha-adrenergic agonist, with antihypertensive activity. Clonidine binds to and stimulates central alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, thereby reducing the amount of norepinephrine (NE) release and thus decreasing sympathetic outflow to the heart, kidneys, and peripheral vasculature. The reduction in sympathetic outflow leads to decreased peripheral vascular resistance, decreased blood pressure, and decreased heart rate. In addition, clonidine binds to imidazoline receptor subtype 1 (I1), which may also contribute to a reduction in blood pressure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009018
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Anti-inflammatory analgesic.
definition: Anti-inflammatory analgesic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009021
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
definition: Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009024
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A form of involuntary muscular movement characterized by alternating contractions and relaxation in rapid succession. In the context of reflex testing, the ability to elicit clonus indicates injury to the nerve tracts above the point at which the reflex was initiated.
definition: A form of involuntary muscular movement characterized by alternating contractions and relaxation in rapid succession. In the context of reflex testing, the ability to elicit clonus indicates injury to the nerve tracts above the point at which the reflex was initiated.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009025
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A piperidine and sulfamoylbenzamide-based diuretic with thiazide-like diuretic activity. Clopamide appears to work in a similar manner as the thiazide diuretics and has a similar potency as chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide.
definition: A piperidine and sulfamoylbenzamide-based diuretic with thiazide-like diuretic activity. Clopamide appears to work in a similar manner as the thiazide diuretics and has a similar potency as chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009026
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.
definition: A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009028
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A very effective anticoccidial agent used in poultry.
definition: A very effective anticoccidial agent used in poultry.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009030
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.
definition: A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009033
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant properties. Clorazepate dipotassium exerts its effect by de-activating the nervous system through potentiation of the inhibitory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the GABA-A receptors by binding to a site that is distinct from the GABA binding site. Its inhibitory effect is caused by an increase in GABA-mediated chloride channel opening events, leading to hyperpolarization and synaptic inhibition.
definition: A benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant properties. Clorazepate dipotassium exerts its effect by de-activating the nervous system through potentiation of the inhibitory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the GABA-A receptors by binding to a site that is distinct from the GABA binding site. Its inhibitory effect is caused by an increase in GABA-mediated chloride channel opening events, leading to hyperpolarization and synaptic inhibition.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009035
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.
definition: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009053
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A metalloproteinase which degrades helical regions of native collagen to small fragments. Preferred cleavage is -Gly in the sequence -Pro-Xaa-Gly-Pro-. Six forms (or 2 classes) have been isolated from Clostridium histolyticum that are immunologically cross-reactive but possess different sequences and different specificities. Other variants have been isolated from Bacillus cereus, Empedobacter collagenolyticum, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, and species of Vibrio and Streptomyces. EC 3.4.24.3.
definition: A metalloproteinase which degrades helical regions of native collagen to small fragments. Preferred cleavage is -Gly in the sequence -Pro-Xaa-Gly-Pro-. Six forms (or 2 classes) have been isolated from Clostridium histolyticum that are immunologically cross-reactive but possess different sequences and different specificities. Other variants have been isolated from Bacillus cereus, Empedobacter collagenolyticum, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, and species of Vibrio and Streptomyces. EC 3.4.24.3.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009062
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009074
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic, imidazole derivate with broad-spectrum, antifungal activity. Clotrimazole inhibits biosynthesis of sterols, particularly ergosterol, an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, thereby damaging and affecting the permeability of the cell membrane. This results in leakage and loss of essential intracellular compounds, and eventually causes cell lysis.
definition: A synthetic, imidazole derivate with broad-spectrum, antifungal activity. Clotrimazole inhibits biosynthesis of sterols, particularly ergosterol, an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, thereby damaging and affecting the permeability of the cell membrane. This results in leakage and loss of essential intracellular compounds, and eventually causes cell lysis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009075
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A transplantable melanoma that arose spontaneously in a mouse of DBA strain, and which grows and metastasizes in mice of related strains. (dictionarybarn.com)
definition: A transplantable melanoma that arose spontaneously in a mouse of DBA strain, and which grows and metastasizes in mice of related strains. (dictionarybarn.com)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009079
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic dibenzo-diazepine derivative, atypical antipsychotic Clozapine blocks several neurotransmitter receptors in the brain (dopamine type 4, serotonin type 2, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and histamine receptors). Unlike traditional antipsychotic agents, it weakly blocks dopamine type 2 receptors. It relieves schizophrenic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, dementia). (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic dibenzo-diazepine derivative, atypical antipsychotic Clozapine blocks several neurotransmitter receptors in the brain (dopamine type 4, serotonin type 2, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and histamine receptors). Unlike traditional antipsychotic agents, it weakly blocks dopamine type 2 receptors. It relieves schizophrenic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, dementia). (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009080
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An abnormal enlargement of the terminal phalanges accompanied by increased length-wise curvature of the nails, giving the digits a club-like appearance. Clubbing has been noted with a wide variety of conditions, including pulmonary and cardiac diseases, liver disorders, and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
definition: An abnormal enlargement of the terminal phalanges accompanied by increased length-wise curvature of the nails, giving the digits a club-like appearance. Clubbing has been noted with a wide variety of conditions, including pulmonary and cardiac diseases, liver disorders, and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009081
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
definition: Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009088
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A headache disorder that is characterized by periodic severe, unilateral orbital, supraorbital, and/or temporal pain, and is associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms.
definition: A headache disorder that is characterized by periodic severe, unilateral orbital, supraorbital, and/or temporal pain, and is associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009117
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that cause clotting.
definition: Agents that cause clotting.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009137
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).
definition: A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009156
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: biologically active form of vitamin B12, in which the cyanide counterion has been replaced by an adenine nucleoside.
definition: biologically active form of vitamin B12, in which the cyanide counterion has been replaced by an adenine nucleoside.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009181
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.
definition: The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009186
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis. Affected individuals usually have mild flu-like symptoms. However, pneumonia and systemic involvement with the formation of abscesses may develop as complications of the disease.
definition: A fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis. Affected individuals usually have mild flu-like symptoms. However, pneumonia and systemic involvement with the formation of abscesses may develop as complications of the disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009187
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A parasitic infection caused by Coccidia. It affects livestock, birds and humans. In humans the parasite infests the intestinal tract and may cause watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, nausea and vomiting.
definition: A parasitic infection caused by Coccidia. It affects livestock, birds and humans. In humans the parasite infests the intestinal tract and may cause watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, nausea and vomiting.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009188
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals.
definition: Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009197
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (COCHLEA) of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (ENDOLYMPH).
definition: Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (COCHLEA) of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (ENDOLYMPH).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009207
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Cockayne syndrome (referred to as CS in this GeneReview) spans a phenotypic spectrum that includes: CS type I, the ""classic"" or ""moderate"" form; CS type II, a more severe form with symptoms present at birth; this form overlaps with cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome (COFS) or Pena-Shokeir syndrome type II; CS type III, a milder form; Xeroderma pigmentosum-Cockayne syndrome (XP-CS). CS type I (moderate CS) is characterized by normal prenatal growth with the onset of growth and developmental abnormalities in the first two years. By the time the disease has become fully manifest, height, weight, and head circumference are far below the fifth percentile. Progressive impairment of vision, hearing, and central and peripheral nervous system function leads to severe disability; death typically occurs in the first or second decade. CS type II (severe CS or early-onset CS) is characterized by growth failure at birth, with little or no postnatal neurologic development. Congenital cataracts or other structural anomalies of the eye may be present. Affected children have early postnatal contractures of the spine (kyphosis, scoliosis) and joints. Death usually occurs by age seven years. CS type III (mild CS or late-onset CS) is characterized by essentially normal growth and cognitive development or by late onset. Xeroderma pigmentosum-Cockayne syndrome (XP-CS) includes facial freckling and early skin cancers typical of XP and some features typical of CS, including intellectual disability, spasticity, short stature, and hypogonadism. XP-CS does not include skeletal involvement, the facial phenotype of CS, or CNS dysmyelination and calcifications.
definition: Cockayne syndrome (referred to as CS in this GeneReview) spans a phenotypic spectrum that includes: CS type I, the ""classic"" or ""moderate"" form; CS type II, a more severe form with symptoms present at birth; this form overlaps with cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome (COFS) or Pena-Shokeir syndrome type II; CS type III, a milder form; Xeroderma pigmentosum-Cockayne syndrome (XP-CS). CS type I (moderate CS) is characterized by normal prenatal growth with the onset of growth and developmental abnormalities in the first two years. By the time the disease has become fully manifest, height, weight, and head circumference are far below the fifth percentile. Progressive impairment of vision, hearing, and central and peripheral nervous system function leads to severe disability; death typically occurs in the first or second decade. CS type II (severe CS or early-onset CS) is characterized by growth failure at birth, with little or no postnatal neurologic development. Congenital cataracts or other structural anomalies of the eye may be present. Affected children have early postnatal contractures of the spine (kyphosis, scoliosis) and joints. Death usually occurs by age seven years. CS type III (mild CS or late-onset CS) is characterized by essentially normal growth and cognitive development or by late onset. Xeroderma pigmentosum-Cockayne syndrome (XP-CS) includes facial freckling and early skin cancers typical of XP and some features typical of CS, including intellectual disability, spasticity, short stature, and hypogonadism. XP-CS does not include skeletal involvement, the facial phenotype of CS, or CNS dysmyelination and calcifications.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009213
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Oil obtained from fresh livers of the cod family, Gadidae. It is a source of VITAMIN A and VITAMIN D.
definition: Oil obtained from fresh livers of the cod family, Gadidae. It is a source of VITAMIN A and VITAMIN D.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009214
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloid and opioid agonist with analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive activities. Codeine mimics the actions of endogenous opioids by binding to the opioid receptors at many sites within the central nervous system (CNS). Stimulation of mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a decrease in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the codeine metabolite morphine induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Stimulation of gut mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a reduction in intestinal motility and delayed intestinal transit times. Antitussive activity is mediated through codeine's action on the cough center in the medulla.
definition: A naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloid and opioid agonist with analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive activities. Codeine mimics the actions of endogenous opioids by binding to the opioid receptors at many sites within the central nervous system (CNS). Stimulation of mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a decrease in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the codeine metabolite morphine induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Stimulation of gut mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a reduction in intestinal motility and delayed intestinal transit times. Antitussive activity is mediated through codeine's action on the cough center in the medulla.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009217
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The phosphate salt of codeine, a naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloid and opioid agonist with analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive activities. Codeine mimics the actions of endogenous opioids by binding to the opioid receptors at many sites within the central nervous system (CNS). Stimulation of mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a decrease in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the codeine metabolite morphine induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Stimulation of gut mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a reduction in intestinal motility and delayed intestinal transit times. Antitussive activity is mediated through codeine's action on the cough center in the medulla.
definition: The phosphate salt of codeine, a naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloid and opioid agonist with analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive activities. Codeine mimics the actions of endogenous opioids by binding to the opioid receptors at many sites within the central nervous system (CNS). Stimulation of mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a decrease in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the codeine metabolite morphine induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Stimulation of gut mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a reduction in intestinal motility and delayed intestinal transit times. Antitussive activity is mediated through codeine's action on the cough center in the medulla.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009225
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CHV
  definition: a rare infection caused by larvae of the dog tapeworm
definition: a rare infection caused by larvae of the dog tapeworm

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009239
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A ribonucleoside antibiotic synergist and adenosine deaminase inhibitor isolated from Nocardia interforma and Streptomyces kaniharaensis. It is proposed as an antineoplastic synergist and immunosuppressant.
definition: A ribonucleoside antibiotic synergist and adenosine deaminase inhibitor isolated from Nocardia interforma and Streptomyces kaniharaensis. It is proposed as an antineoplastic synergist and immunosuppressant.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009241
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by a deficit in cognition or memory.
definition: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by a deficit in cognition or memory.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009250
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A lung lesion that appears as a round coin-shaped shadow in the chest radiographs.
definition: A lung lesion that appears as a round coin-shaped shadow in the chest radiographs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009254
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A birth control method adopted during sexual intercourse by withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.
definition: A birth control method adopted during sexual intercourse by withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009262
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).
definition: A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009279
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A positively charged, non-digestible, triamine and epoxypropane copolymer anion-exchange resin that binds to bile acids in the intestine to form an insoluble complex, which is excreted in the feces.
definition: A positively charged, non-digestible, triamine and epoxypropane copolymer anion-exchange resin that binds to bile acids in the intestine to form an insoluble complex, which is excreted in the feces.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009319
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Colitis refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine (colon, cecum and rectum). Colitides may be acute and self-limited or chronic, and broadly fit into the category of digestive diseases.
definition: Colitis refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine (colon, cecum and rectum). Colitides may be acute and self-limited or chronic, and broadly fit into the category of digestive diseases.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009324
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon. The main symptom of active disease is usually constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of gradual onset and intermittent periods of exacerbated symptoms contrasting with periods that are relatively symptom-free. In contrast to Crohn's disease this special form of colitis begins in the distal parts of the rectum, spreads continually upwards and affects only mucose and submucose tissue of the colon.
definition: A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon. The main symptom of active disease is usually constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of gradual onset and intermittent periods of exacerbated symptoms contrasting with periods that are relatively symptom-free. In contrast to Crohn's disease this special form of colitis begins in the distal parts of the rectum, spreads continually upwards and affects only mucose and submucose tissue of the colon.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009325
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A family of large fibrous proteins that are the main components of connective tissue and are responsible for maintaining tissue structure.
definition: A family of large fibrous proteins that are the main components of connective tissue and are responsible for maintaining tissue structure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009326
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that ""collagen"" was equivalent to ""connective tissue"", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term ""collagen diseases"" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)
definition: Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that ""collagen"" was equivalent to ""connective tissue"", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term ""collagen diseases"" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009356
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: A liquid dose form consisting of active substance(s) in a mixture of ether and ethanol.
definition: A liquid dose form consisting of active substance(s) in a mixture of ether and ethanol.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009359
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A suspension of metallic gold particles.
definition: A suspension of metallic gold particles.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009363
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Coloboma is an ocular birth defect resulting from abnormal development of the eye during embryogenesis. It is defined as a congenital defect in any ocular tissue, typically presenting as absent tissue or a gap, at a site consistent with aberrant closure of the optic fissure. Failure of fusion can lead to coloboma of one or multiple regions of the inferior portion of the eye affecting any part of the globe traversed by the fissure, from the iris to the optic nerve, including the ciliary body, retina, and choroid. Coloboma is also frequently associated with small (microphthalmic) or absent (anophthalmic) eyes as part of an interrelated spectrum of developmental eye anomalies, and can affect either one or both eyes (summary by Kelberman et al., 2014). Genetic Heterogeneity of Ocular Coloboma A recessive form of ocular coloboma (216820) is caused by mutation in the SALL2 gene (602219) on chromosome 14q11.
definition: Coloboma is an ocular birth defect resulting from abnormal development of the eye during embryogenesis. It is defined as a congenital defect in any ocular tissue, typically presenting as absent tissue or a gap, at a site consistent with aberrant closure of the optic fissure. Failure of fusion can lead to coloboma of one or multiple regions of the inferior portion of the eye affecting any part of the globe traversed by the fissure, from the iris to the optic nerve, including the ciliary body, retina, and choroid. Coloboma is also frequently associated with small (microphthalmic) or absent (anophthalmic) eyes as part of an interrelated spectrum of developmental eye anomalies, and can affect either one or both eyes (summary by Kelberman et al., 2014). Genetic Heterogeneity of Ocular Coloboma A recessive form of ocular coloboma (216820) is caused by mutation in the SALL2 gene (602219) on chromosome 14q11.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009373
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).
definition: Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009374
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.
definition: Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009375
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Colonic adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Colonic adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009376
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A polypoid lesion that arises from the colon and protrudes into the lumen. This group includes adenomatous polyps, serrated polyps, and hamartomatous polyps.
definition: A polypoid lesion that arises from the colon and protrudes into the lumen. This group includes adenomatous polyps, serrated polyps, and hamartomatous polyps.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009377
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Functional obstruction of the COLON leading to MEGACOLON in the absence of obvious COLONIC DISEASES or mechanical obstruction. When this condition is acquired, acute, and coexisting with another medical condition (trauma, surgery, serious injuries or illness, or medication), it is called Ogilvie's syndrome.
definition: Functional obstruction of the COLON leading to MEGACOLON in the absence of obvious COLONIC DISEASES or mechanical obstruction. When this condition is acquired, acute, and coexisting with another medical condition (trauma, surgery, serious injuries or illness, or medication), it is called Ogilvie's syndrome.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009398
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An anomaly in the ability to discriminate between or recognize colors.
definition: An anomaly in the ability to discriminate between or recognize colors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009400
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A febrile illness characterized by chills, aches, vomiting, leukopenia, and sometimes encephalitis. It is caused by the COLORADO TICK FEVER VIRUS, a reovirus transmitted by the tick Dermacentor andersoni.
definition: A febrile illness characterized by chills, aches, vomiting, leukopenia, and sometimes encephalitis. It is caused by the COLORADO TICK FEVER VIRUS, a reovirus transmitted by the tick Dermacentor andersoni.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009402
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the colon or rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.
definition: A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the colon or rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009404
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the colon or rectum. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Colorectal adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the colon or rectum. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Colorectal adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009405
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.
definition: A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009421
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.
definition: A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009426
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress.
definition: Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009439
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Characterized by the fusiform or saccular dilatation of the COMMON BILE DUCT.
definition: Characterized by the fusiform or saccular dilatation of the COMMON BILE DUCT.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009440
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.
definition: Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009442
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.
definition: Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009443
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.
definition: A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009447
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.
definition: Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009450
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder resulting from the presence and activity of a microbial, viral, fungal, or parasitic agent. It can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact.
definition: A disorder resulting from the presence and activity of a microbial, viral, fungal, or parasitic agent. It can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009451
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A form of hydrocephalus in which there is no visible obstruction to the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid between the ventricles and subarachnoid space.
definition: A form of hydrocephalus in which there is no visible obstruction to the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid between the ventricles and subarachnoid space.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009460
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by an individual's inability to comprehend or share ideas or feelings because of an impairment in language, speech, or hearing.
definition: A disorder characterized by an individual's inability to comprehend or share ideas or feelings because of an impairment in language, speech, or hearing.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009488
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The coexistence of two or more disease processes.
definition: The coexistence of two or more disease processes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009492
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE.
definition: Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009500
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Serum proteins that inhibit, antagonize, or inactivate COMPLEMENT C1 or its subunits.
definition: Serum proteins that inhibit, antagonize, or inactivate COMPLEMENT C1 or its subunits.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009528
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any physiologic process in which a protease directs the cleavage of complement components C4, C2, or factor B which then form the C3 and C5 convertases for the classical and lectin pathways, respectively. This process is involved in direct lysis of target cells, immune adherence and phagocytosis of pathogens, and recruitment and activation of immunocompetent cells.
definition: Any physiologic process in which a protease directs the cleavage of complement components C4, C2, or factor B which then form the C3 and C5 convertases for the classical and lectin pathways, respectively. This process is involved in direct lysis of target cells, immune adherence and phagocytosis of pathogens, and recruitment and activation of immunocompetent cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009546
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Complement activation initiated by the interaction of microbial ANTIGENS with COMPLEMENT C3B. When COMPLEMENT FACTOR B binds to the membrane-bound C3b, COMPLEMENT FACTOR D cleaves it to form alternative C3 CONVERTASE (C3BBB) which, stabilized by COMPLEMENT FACTOR P, is able to cleave multiple COMPLEMENT C3 to form alternative C5 CONVERTASE (C3BBB3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.
definition: Complement activation initiated by the interaction of microbial ANTIGENS with COMPLEMENT C3B. When COMPLEMENT FACTOR B binds to the membrane-bound C3b, COMPLEMENT FACTOR D cleaves it to form alternative C3 CONVERTASE (C3BBB) which, stabilized by COMPLEMENT FACTOR P, is able to cleave multiple COMPLEMENT C3 to form alternative C5 CONVERTASE (C3BBB3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009547
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Complement activation initiated by the binding of COMPLEMENT C1 to ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES at the COMPLEMENT C1Q subunit. This leads to the sequential activation of COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S subunits. Activated C1s cleaves COMPLEMENT C4 and COMPLEMENT C2 forming the membrane-bound classical C3 CONVERTASE (C4B2A) and the subsequent C5 CONVERTASE (C4B2A3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.
definition: Complement activation initiated by the binding of COMPLEMENT C1 to ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES at the COMPLEMENT C1Q subunit. This leads to the sequential activation of COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S subunits. Activated C1s cleaves COMPLEMENT C4 and COMPLEMENT C2 forming the membrane-bound classical C3 CONVERTASE (C4B2A) and the subsequent C5 CONVERTASE (C4B2A3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009566
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of, or because of, another disease, treatment, or procedure.
definition: Any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of, or because of, another disease, treatment, or procedure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009568
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disease or disorder that is associated with a transplanted organ.
definition: A disease or disorder that is associated with a transplanted organ.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009595
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of inflexibility, extreme orderliness, and perfectionism which interfere with efficiency and which may manifest in many different contexts, including work and leisure activities, financial matters, and issues of morality or ethics.
definition: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of inflexibility, extreme orderliness, and perfectionism which interfere with efficiency and which may manifest in many different contexts, including work and leisure activities, financial matters, and issues of morality or ethics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009663
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sexually transmitted papillary growth caused by the human papillomavirus. It usually arises in the skin and mucous membranes of the perianal region and external genitalia.
definition: A sexually transmitted papillary growth caused by the human papillomavirus. It usually arises in the skin and mucous membranes of the perianal region and external genitalia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009676
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior.
definition: A mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009681
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormality of the pulmonary artery.
definition: An abnormality of the pulmonary artery.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009691
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A congenital cataract.
definition: A congenital cataract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009694
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital abnormality in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the cranium.
definition: A congenital abnormality in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the cranium.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009701
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: Dislocation present at birth
definition: Dislocation present at birth

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009714
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is a developmental disorder of the portobiliary system characterized histologically by defective remodeling of the ductal plate (ductal plate malformation; DPM), abnormal branching of the intrahepatic portal veins, and progressive fibrosis of the portal tracts. CHF may or may not be associated with macroscopic cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Clinical findings include enlarged, abnormally shaped liver, relatively well-preserved hepatocellular function, and portal hypertension (PH) resulting in splenomegaly, hypersplenism, and gastroesophageal varices. Pulmonary hypertension (portopulmonary hypertension) and vascular shunts in the pulmonary parenchyma (hepatopulmonary syndrome), complications of PH, can also be seen rarely. Most frequently CHF is associated with ciliopathies (disorders of the primary cilia) that have associated renal disease, the so-called hepatorenal fibrocystic diseases (FCDs). Although the hepatorenal FCDs are currently classified by phenotype, it is likely that gene-based classification will be quite different in the future because of the tremendous genetic and phenotypic overlap between these disorders.
definition: Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is a developmental disorder of the portobiliary system characterized histologically by defective remodeling of the ductal plate (ductal plate malformation; DPM), abnormal branching of the intrahepatic portal veins, and progressive fibrosis of the portal tracts. CHF may or may not be associated with macroscopic cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Clinical findings include enlarged, abnormally shaped liver, relatively well-preserved hepatocellular function, and portal hypertension (PH) resulting in splenomegaly, hypersplenism, and gastroesophageal varices. Pulmonary hypertension (portopulmonary hypertension) and vascular shunts in the pulmonary parenchyma (hepatopulmonary syndrome), complications of PH, can also be seen rarely. Most frequently CHF is associated with ciliopathies (disorders of the primary cilia) that have associated renal disease, the so-called hepatorenal fibrocystic diseases (FCDs). Although the hepatorenal FCDs are currently classified by phenotype, it is likely that gene-based classification will be quite different in the future because of the tremendous genetic and phenotypic overlap between these disorders.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009730
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital abnormality in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column.
definition: A congenital abnormality in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009759
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any disorder of the conjunctiva.
definition: Any disorder of the conjunctiva.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009760
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A hemorrhage occurring in the conjunctiva of the eye.
definition: A hemorrhage occurring in the conjunctiva of the eye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009761
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the conjunctiva. Representative examples include papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the conjunctiva. Representative examples include papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009763
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.
definition: INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009765
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A highly contagious disease characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, sudden swelling of the eyelids and congestion, redness, and pain in the eye. Epidemic conjunctivitis caused by Enterovirus 70 (EV-70) was first described in Africa in 1969. It is caused also by Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v). Epidemics by this organism have appeared most frequently in Asia.
definition: A highly contagious disease characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, sudden swelling of the eyelids and congestion, redness, and pain in the eye. Epidemic conjunctivitis caused by Enterovirus 70 (EV-70) was first described in Africa in 1969. It is caused also by Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v). Epidemics by this organism have appeared most frequently in Asia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009766
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Acute allergic conjunctivitis.
definition: Acute allergic conjunctivitis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009768
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of bacterial agents.
definition: Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of bacterial agents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009769
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Conjunctivitis that is associated with contact lens wear, and which is characterized by giant papillae in the tarsal conjunctiva.
definition: Conjunctivitis that is associated with contact lens wear, and which is characterized by giant papillae in the tarsal conjunctiva.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009770
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously.
definition: An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009773
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the cornea that is seasonal in nature.
definition: Inflammation of the cornea that is seasonal in nature.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009774
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Conjunctivitis resulting from viral infection.
definition: Conjunctivitis resulting from viral infection.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009777
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: A type of primary hyperaldosteronism resulting from a benign neoplasm of the adrenal gland. The adrenal neoplasm increases production of aldosterone. Excess aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain more salt than usual resulting in increases in body fluid levels and blood pressure. The disease is caused by mutations in one of several genes. The most commonly mutated gene is KCNJ5, accounting for an estimated 40 percent of the neoplasms, followed by the CACNA1D and ATP1A1 genes. Changes in other genes cause a small percentage of cases with additional unidentified genes involved in the condition. The disease is generally not inherited but may arise from a mutation occurring after conception.
definition: A type of primary hyperaldosteronism resulting from a benign neoplasm of the adrenal gland. The adrenal neoplasm increases production of aldosterone. Excess aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain more salt than usual resulting in increases in body fluid levels and blood pressure. The disease is caused by mutations in one of several genes. The most commonly mutated gene is KCNJ5, accounting for an estimated 40 percent of the neoplasms, followed by the CACNA1D and ATP1A1 genes. Changes in other genes cause a small percentage of cases with additional unidentified genes involved in the condition. The disease is generally not inherited but may arise from a mutation occurring after conception.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009782
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.
definition: A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009789
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The magnitude of INBREEDING in humans.
definition: The magnitude of INBREEDING in humans.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009792
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Organic mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment and to respond to environmental stimuli. Dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres or brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION may result in this condition.
definition: Organic mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment and to respond to environmental stimuli. Dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres or brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION may result in this condition.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009806
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.
definition: Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009812
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A group of symptoms that affect an individual's general well being. Representative examples include fever, chills, fatigue, weakness, and weight loss.
definition: A group of symptoms that affect an individual's general well being. Representative examples include fever, chills, fatigue, weakness, and weight loss.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009871
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Chemical substances that prevent or reduce the probability of CONCEPTION.
definition: Chemical substances that prevent or reduce the probability of CONCEPTION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009873
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.
definition: Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009881
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. Use for male contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.
definition: Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. Use for male contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009905
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An agent taken orally to prevent conception.
definition: An agent taken orally to prevent conception.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009906
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Orally administered synthetic sex hormones with contraceptive activity. The oral contraceptive preparation contains a combination of an estrogen, such as ethinyl estradiol, and a progestagen, such as levonorgestrel or norethidrone. The oral contraceptive prevents pregnancy by preventing ovulation and by inducing endometrial and cervical changes undesirable for fertilization and implantation.
definition: Orally administered synthetic sex hormones with contraceptive activity. The oral contraceptive preparation contains a combination of an estrogen, such as ethinyl estradiol, and a progestagen, such as levonorgestrel or norethidrone. The oral contraceptive prevents pregnancy by preventing ovulation and by inducing endometrial and cervical changes undesirable for fertilization and implantation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009907
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.
definition: Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009908
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs administered orally and sequentially for contraceptive purposes.
definition: Drugs administered orally and sequentially for contraceptive purposes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009909
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.
definition: Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009910
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Contraceptive substances to be used after COITUS. These agents include high doses of estrogenic drugs; progesterone-receptor blockers; ANTIMETABOLITES; ALKALOIDS, and PROSTAGLANDINS.
definition: Contraceptive substances to be used after COITUS. These agents include high doses of estrogenic drugs; progesterone-receptor blockers; ANTIMETABOLITES; ALKALOIDS, and PROSTAGLANDINS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009911
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.
definition: Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009912
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.
definition: Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009917
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.
definition: A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009918
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Permanent shortening of a joint, usually resulting from prolonged spasticity in a muscle area.
definition: Permanent shortening of a joint, usually resulting from prolonged spasticity in a muscle area.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009940
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The period of recovery following an illness.
definition: The period of recovery following an illness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009946
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disorder whose predominant feature is a loss or alteration in physical functioning that suggests a physical disorder but that is actually a direct expression of a psychological conflict or need.
definition: A disorder whose predominant feature is a loss or alteration in physical functioning that suggests a physical disorder but that is actually a direct expression of a psychological conflict or need.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009952
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A seizure occurring in infants and young children that occurs in the setting of fever.
definition: A seizure occurring in infants and young children that occurs in the setting of fever.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009968
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.
definition: A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009975
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The orally bioavailable copper salt of D-gluconic acid. In addition to its roles as an enzyme cofactor for cytochrome C oxidase and superoxide dismutase, copper forms complexes with the thiocarbamate disulfiram (DSF) forming DSF-copper complexes, which enhances the DSF-mediated inhibition of the 26S proteasome; proteasome inhibition may result in inhibition of cellular protein degradation, cessation of cell cycle progression, inhibition of cellular proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations.
definition: The orally bioavailable copper salt of D-gluconic acid. In addition to its roles as an enzyme cofactor for cytochrome C oxidase and superoxide dismutase, copper forms complexes with the thiocarbamate disulfiram (DSF) forming DSF-copper complexes, which enhances the DSF-mediated inhibition of the 26S proteasome; proteasome inhibition may result in inhibition of cellular protein degradation, cessation of cell cycle progression, inhibition of cellular proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009983
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Eating of excrement by animal species.
definition: Eating of excrement by animal species.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0009995
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A malformation of the heart in which the embryonic common PULMONARY VEIN was not incorporated into the LEFT ATRIUM leaving behind a perforated fibromuscular membrane bisecting the left atrium, a three-atrium heart. The opening between the two left atrium sections determines the degree of obstruction to pulmonary venous return, pulmonary venous and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
definition: A malformation of the heart in which the embryonic common PULMONARY VEIN was not incorporated into the LEFT ATRIUM leaving behind a perforated fibromuscular membrane bisecting the left atrium, a three-atrium heart. The opening between the two left atrium sections determines the degree of obstruction to pulmonary venous return, pulmonary venous and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010004
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.
definition: Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010034
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the cornea. Representative examples include keratitis, bullous keratopathy, and squamous cell carcinoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the cornea. Representative examples include keratitis, bullous keratopathy, and squamous cell carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010035
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A family of inherited disorders characterized by the gradual, progressive accumulation of extraneous material on one or both corneas, which, without proper treatment, can impair vision.
definition: A family of inherited disorders characterized by the gradual, progressive accumulation of extraneous material on one or both corneas, which, without proper treatment, can impair vision.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010036
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormality of the cornea that is characterized by opacity of one or parts of the cornea.
definition: An abnormality of the cornea that is characterized by opacity of one or parts of the cornea.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010037
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity.
definition: An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010038
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A reduction of corneal clarity.
definition: A reduction of corneal clarity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010043
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Area of epithelial tissue loss from corneal surface; associated with inflammatory cells in the cornea and anterior chamber.
definition: Area of epithelial tissue loss from corneal surface; associated with inflammatory cells in the cornea and anterior chamber.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010051
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of CORONARY VESSELS. Most coronary aneurysms are due to CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS, and the rest are due to inflammatory diseases, such as KAWASAKI DISEASE.
definition: Abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of CORONARY VESSELS. Most coronary aneurysms are due to CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS, and the rest are due to inflammatory diseases, such as KAWASAKI DISEASE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010054
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Atherosclerosis of the coronary vasculature.
definition: Atherosclerosis of the coronary vasculature.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010068
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.
definition: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010072
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
definition: Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010073
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A brief and sudden narrowing of a coronary artery.
definition: A brief and sudden narrowing of a coronary artery.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010074
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.
definition: Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010078
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Virus diseases caused by CORONAVIRIDAE.
definition: Virus diseases caused by CORONAVIRIDAE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010093
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign ovarian cyst that develops when fluid accumulates in a corpus luteum that failed to regress.
definition: A benign ovarian cyst that develops when fluid accumulates in a corpus luteum that failed to regress.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010124
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A corticosteroid intermediate in the steroidogenic pathway that converts pregnenolone to aldosterone. In humans, corticosterone has limited glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid activity.
definition: A corticosteroid intermediate in the steroidogenic pathway that converts pregnenolone to aldosterone. In humans, corticosterone has limited glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010132
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS.
definition: A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010137
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A corticosteroid with potent glucocorticoid activity. Therapeutic cortisone is the inactive precursor molecule of the active hormone cortisol, which is the hydroxylation product of cortisone by 11-beta-steroid dehydrogenase. Cortisol increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and suppresses the immune system, therefore cortisone is used to treat allergies or inflammation.
definition: A corticosteroid with potent glucocorticoid activity. Therapeutic cortisone is the inactive precursor molecule of the active hormone cortisol, which is the hydroxylation product of cortisone by 11-beta-steroid dehydrogenase. Cortisol increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and suppresses the immune system, therefore cortisone is used to treat allergies or inflammation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010153
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010194
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.
definition: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010200
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation.
definition: A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010203
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.
definition: A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010206
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: O hydroxycinnamic acid. Pleasant smelling compound found in many plants and released on wilting. Has anticoagulant activity by competing with Vitamin K.
definition: O hydroxycinnamic acid. Pleasant smelling compound found in many plants and released on wilting. Has anticoagulant activity by competing with Vitamin K.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010207
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Synthetic or naturally occurring substances related to coumarin, the delta-lactone of coumarinic acid.
definition: Synthetic or naturally occurring substances related to coumarin, the delta-lactone of coumarinic acid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010209
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.
definition: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010232
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mild, eruptive skin disease of milk cows caused by COWPOX VIRUS, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. Human infection may occur while milking an infected animal.
definition: A mild, eruptive skin disease of milk cows caused by COWPOX VIRUS, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. Human infection may occur while milking an infected animal.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010246
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A heterogeneous group of infections produced by coxsackieviruses, including HERPANGINA, aseptic meningitis (MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC), a common-cold-like syndrome, a non-paralytic poliomyelitis-like syndrome, epidemic pleurodynia (PLEURODYNIA, EPIDEMIC) and a serious MYOCARDITIS.
definition: A heterogeneous group of infections produced by coxsackieviruses, including HERPANGINA, aseptic meningitis (MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC), a common-cold-like syndrome, a non-paralytic poliomyelitis-like syndrome, epidemic pleurodynia (PLEURODYNIA, EPIDEMIC) and a serious MYOCARDITIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010261
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Incomplete fracture of any part of a tooth, characterized by pain during mastication and sensitivity to heat, cold, sweet or sour tastes, and alcohol; it is often undiagnosed because the tooth is usually X-ray negative and normal to pulp vitality tests.
definition: Incomplete fracture of any part of a tooth, characterized by pain during mastication and sensitivity to heat, cold, sweet or sour tastes, and alcohol; it is often undiagnosed because the tooth is usually X-ray negative and normal to pulp vitality tests.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010263
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An involuntary contraction of a muscle in an extremity.
definition: An involuntary contraction of a muscle in an extremity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010266
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorder that affects one of the cranial nerves.
definition: A neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorder that affects one of the cranial nerves.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010267
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Abnormal growth of the cells that comprise the cranial nerves.
definition: Abnormal growth of the cells that comprise the cranial nerves.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010273
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Crouzon syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis). This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face.Many features of Crouzon syndrome result from the premature fusion of the skull bones. Abnormal growth of these bones leads to wide-set, bulging eyes and vision problems caused by shallow eye sockets; eyes that do not point in the same direction (strabismus); a beaked nose; and an underdeveloped upper jaw. In addition, people with Crouzon syndrome may have dental problems and hearing loss, which is sometimes accompanied by narrow ear canals. A few people with Crouzon syndrome have an opening in the lip and the roof of the mouth (cleft lip and palate). The severity of these signs and symptoms varies among affected people. People with Crouzon syndrome are usually of normal intelligence.
definition: Crouzon syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis). This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face.Many features of Crouzon syndrome result from the premature fusion of the skull bones. Abnormal growth of these bones leads to wide-set, bulging eyes and vision problems caused by shallow eye sockets; eyes that do not point in the same direction (strabismus); a beaked nose; and an underdeveloped upper jaw. In addition, people with Crouzon syndrome may have dental problems and hearing loss, which is sometimes accompanied by narrow ear canals. A few people with Crouzon syndrome have an opening in the lip and the roof of the mouth (cleft lip and palate). The severity of these signs and symptoms varies among affected people. People with Crouzon syndrome are usually of normal intelligence.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010276
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. Craniopharyngiomas are benign slow growing tumours that are located within the sellar and para sellar region of the central nervous system.
definition: A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. Craniopharyngiomas are benign slow growing tumours that are located within the sellar and para sellar region of the central nervous system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010278
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital disorder characterized by earlier than normal closure of some or all sutures of the infant skull.
definition: A congenital disorder characterized by earlier than normal closure of some or all sutures of the infant skull.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010308
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Congenital hypothyroidism is a partial or complete loss of function of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) that affects infants from birth (congenital). The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped tissue in the lower neck. It makes iodine-containing hormones that play an important role in regulating growth, brain development, and the rate of chemical reactions in the body (metabolism). People with congenital hypothyroidism have lower-than-normal levels of these important hormones.Congenital hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to develop or function properly. In 80 to 85 percent of cases, the thyroid gland is absent, severely reduced in size (hypoplastic), or abnormally located. These cases are classified as thyroid dysgenesis. In the remainder of cases, a normal-sized or enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) is present, but production of thyroid hormones is decreased or absent. Most of these cases occur when one of several steps in the hormone synthesis process is impaired; these cases are classified as thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Less commonly, reduction or absence of thyroid hormone production is caused by impaired stimulation of the production process (which is normally done by a structure at the base of the brain called the pituitary gland), even though the process itself is unimpaired. These cases are classified as central (or pituitary) hypothyroidism.Signs and symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism result from the shortage of thyroid hormones. Affected babies may show no features of the condition, although some babies with congenital hypothyroidism are less active and sleep more than normal. They may have difficulty feeding and experience constipation. If untreated, congenital hypothyroidism can lead to intellectual disability and slow growth. In the United States and many other countries, all hospitals test newborns for congenital hypothyroidism. If treatment begins in the first two weeks after birth, infants usually develop normally.Congenital hypothyroid…
definition: Congenital hypothyroidism is a partial or complete loss of function of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) that affects infants from birth (congenital). The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped tissue in the lower neck. It makes iodine-containing hormones that play an important role in regulating growth, brain development, and the rate of chemical reactions in the body (metabolism). People with congenital hypothyroidism have lower-than-normal levels of these important hormones.Congenital hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to develop or function properly. In 80 to 85 percent of cases, the thyroid gland is absent, severely reduced in size (hypoplastic), or abnormally located. These cases are classified as thyroid dysgenesis. In the remainder of cases, a normal-sized or enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) is present, but production of thyroid hormones is decreased or absent. Most of these cases occur when one of several steps in the hormone synthesis process is impaired; these cases are classified as thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Less commonly, reduction or absence of thyroid hormone production is caused by impaired stimulation of the production process (which is normally done by a structure at the base of the brain called the pituitary gland), even though the process itself is unimpaired. These cases are classified as central (or pituitary) hypothyroidism.Signs and symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism result from the shortage of thyroid hormones. Affected babies may show no features of the condition, although some babies with congenital hypothyroidism are less active and sleep more than normal. They may have difficulty feeding and experience constipation. If untreated, congenital hypothyroidism can lead to intellectual disability and slow growth. In the United States and many other countries, all hospitals test newborns for congenital hypothyroidism. If treatment begins in the first two weeks after birth, infants usually develop normally.Congenital hypothyroid…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010314
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Cri-du-chat syndrome was first described by Lejeune et al. (1963) as a hereditary congenital syndrome associated with deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 5. The deletions can vary in size from extremely small and involving only band 5p15.2 to the entire short arm. Although the majority of deletions arise as new mutations, approximately 12% result from unbalanced segregation of translocations or recombination involving a pericentric inversion in one of the parents.
definition: Cri-du-chat syndrome was first described by Lejeune et al. (1963) as a hereditary congenital syndrome associated with deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 5. The deletions can vary in size from extremely small and involving only band 5p15.2 to the entire short arm. Although the majority of deletions arise as new mutations, approximately 12% result from unbalanced segregation of translocations or recombination involving a pericentric inversion in one of the parents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010324
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a severe condition characterized by high levels of a toxic substance called bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Bilirubin is produced when red blood cells are broken down. This substance is removed from the body only after it undergoes a chemical reaction in the liver, which converts the toxic form of bilirubin (called unconjugated bilirubin) to a nontoxic form called conjugated bilirubin. People with Crigler-Najjar syndrome have a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin in their blood (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia).Bilirubin has an orange-yellow tint, and hyperbilirubinemia causes yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). In Crigler-Najjar syndrome, jaundice is apparent at birth or in infancy. Severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia can lead to a condition called kernicterus, which is a form of brain damage caused by the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain and nerve tissues. Babies with kernicterus are often extremely tired (lethargic) and may have weak muscle tone (hypotonia). These babies may experience episodes of increased muscle tone (hypertonia) and arching of their backs. Kernicterus can lead to other neurological problems, including involuntary writhing movements of the body (choreoathetosis), hearing problems, or intellectual disability.Crigler-Najjar syndrome is divided into two types. Type 1 (CN1) is very severe, and affected individuals can die in childhood due to kernicterus, although with proper treatment, they may survive longer. Type 2 (CN2) is less severe. People with CN2 are less likely to develop kernicterus, and most affected individuals survive into adulthood.
definition: Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a severe condition characterized by high levels of a toxic substance called bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Bilirubin is produced when red blood cells are broken down. This substance is removed from the body only after it undergoes a chemical reaction in the liver, which converts the toxic form of bilirubin (called unconjugated bilirubin) to a nontoxic form called conjugated bilirubin. People with Crigler-Najjar syndrome have a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin in their blood (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia).Bilirubin has an orange-yellow tint, and hyperbilirubinemia causes yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). In Crigler-Najjar syndrome, jaundice is apparent at birth or in infancy. Severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia can lead to a condition called kernicterus, which is a form of brain damage caused by the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain and nerve tissues. Babies with kernicterus are often extremely tired (lethargic) and may have weak muscle tone (hypotonia). These babies may experience episodes of increased muscle tone (hypertonia) and arching of their backs. Kernicterus can lead to other neurological problems, including involuntary writhing movements of the body (choreoathetosis), hearing problems, or intellectual disability.Crigler-Najjar syndrome is divided into two types. Type 1 (CN1) is very severe, and affected individuals can die in childhood due to kernicterus, although with proper treatment, they may survive longer. Type 2 (CN2) is less severe. People with CN2 are less likely to develop kernicterus, and most affected individuals survive into adulthood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010334
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A developmental malformation of the heart characterized by a twisted but not defective atrioventicular connection. The abnormal rotation of the ventricular mass around its long axis results in the crossing of the inflow streams of the two ventricles. Other features include hypoplasia of the TRICUSPID VALVE and RIGHT VENTRICLE.
definition: A developmental malformation of the heart characterized by a twisted but not defective atrioventicular connection. The abnormal rotation of the ventricular mass around its long axis results in the crossing of the inflow streams of the two ventricles. Other features include hypoplasia of the TRICUSPID VALVE and RIGHT VENTRICLE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010340
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.
definition: A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010346
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the intestines that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms. It primarily causes abdominal pain, diarrhea which may be bloody, vomiting, or weight loss, but may also cause complications outside of the gastrointestinal tract such as skin rashes, arthritis, inflammation of the eye, tiredness, and lack of concentration. Crohn's disease is thought to be an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract, causing inflammation.
definition: A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the intestines that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms. It primarily causes abdominal pain, diarrhea which may be bloody, vomiting, or weight loss, but may also cause complications outside of the gastrointestinal tract such as skin rashes, arthritis, inflammation of the eye, tiredness, and lack of concentration. Crohn's disease is thought to be an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract, causing inflammation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010351
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic fluorinated steroid that is used as a progestational hormone.
definition: A synthetic fluorinated steroid that is used as a progestational hormone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010356
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: Infection associated with hospitalisation, not present or incubating prior to admission, but generally occurring more than 72 hours after admission.
definition: Infection associated with hospitalisation, not present or incubating prior to admission, but generally occurring more than 72 hours after admission.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010357
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A molecular interaction between a ligand molecule and a receptor molecule, where the ligand and receptor are not conventional partners. This interaction can occur because the ligand molecule shares structural features with the archetypal ligand.
definition: A molecular interaction between a ligand molecule and a receptor molecule, where the ligand and receptor are not conventional partners. This interaction can occur because the ligand molecule shares structural features with the archetypal ligand.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010380
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Acute upper respiratory airways infection that results in the swelling of the larynx. It is usually caused by parainfluenza viruses. Signs include a characteristic barking cough and stridor.
definition: Acute upper respiratory airways infection that results in the swelling of the larynx. It is usually caused by parainfluenza viruses. Signs include a characteristic barking cough and stridor.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010392
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Severe systemic manifestation of trauma and ischemia involving soft tissues, principally skeletal muscle, due to prolonged severe crushing. It leads to increased permeability of the cell membrane and to the release of potassium, enzymes, and myoglobin from within cells. Ischemic renal dysfunction secondary to hypotension and diminished renal perfusion results in acute tubular necrosis and uremia.
definition: Severe systemic manifestation of trauma and ischemia involving soft tissues, principally skeletal muscle, due to prolonged severe crushing. It leads to increased permeability of the cell membrane and to the release of potassium, enzymes, and myoglobin from within cells. Ischemic renal dysfunction secondary to hypotension and diminished renal perfusion results in acute tubular necrosis and uremia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010398
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.
definition: Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010403
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas.
definition: A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010406
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A substance that is used to protect from the effects of freezing, largely by preventing large ice crystals from forming.
definition: A substance that is used to protect from the effects of freezing, largely by preventing large ice crystals from forming.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010414
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by Cryptococcus neoformans. Sites of involvement include the lungs, central nervous system and meninges, skin, and visceral organs.--2004
definition: An acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by Cryptococcus neoformans. Sites of involvement include the lungs, central nervous system and meninges, skin, and visceral organs.--2004

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010417
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).
definition: Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010418
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infection that is caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or hominis, which is acquired by inhalation or ingestion of infectious spores, and which typically manifests as acute enteritis.
definition: An infection that is caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or hominis, which is acquired by inhalation or ingestion of infectious spores, and which typically manifests as acute enteritis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010463
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Plant extracts from several species, including genera STRYCHNOS and Chondodendron, which contain TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINES that produce PARALYSIS of skeletal muscle. These extracts are toxic and must be used with the administration of artificial respiration.
definition: Plant extracts from several species, including genera STRYCHNOS and Chondodendron, which contain TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINES that produce PARALYSIS of skeletal muscle. These extracts are toxic and must be used with the administration of artificial respiration.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010464
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.
definition: Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010467
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A phytopolylphenol pigment isolated from the plant Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, with a variety of pharmacologic properties. Curcumin blocks the formation of reactive-oxygen species, possesses anti-inflammatory properties as a result of inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX) and other enzymes involved in inflammation; and disrupts cell signal transduction by various mechanisms including inhibition of protein kinase C. These effects may play a role in the agent's observed antineoplastic properties, which include inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and suppression of chemically induced carcinogenesis and tumor growth in animal models of cancer. (NCI04)
definition: A phytopolylphenol pigment isolated from the plant Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, with a variety of pharmacologic properties. Curcumin blocks the formation of reactive-oxygen species, possesses anti-inflammatory properties as a result of inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX) and other enzymes involved in inflammation; and disrupts cell signal transduction by various mechanisms including inhibition of protein kinase C. These effects may play a role in the agent's observed antineoplastic properties, which include inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and suppression of chemically induced carcinogenesis and tumor growth in animal models of cancer. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010474
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.
definition: Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010481
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.
definition: A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010495
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital or acquired disorder affecting the elastic fibers of the skin. It is characterized by loss of elasticity resulting in loosening and folding of the skin.
definition: A congenital or acquired disorder affecting the elastic fibers of the skin. It is characterized by loss of elasticity resulting in loosening and folding of the skin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010520
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.
definition: A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010525
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.
definition: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010526
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.
definition: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010543
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the ciliary body.
definition: Inflammation of the ciliary body.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010547
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)
definition: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010557
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A cytarabine congener prodrug with antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ancitabine is slowly hydrolyzed into cytarabine, which is converted to the active triphosphate form and competes with deoxycytidine triphosphate for incorporation into DNA. Because the arabinose sugar sterically hinders the rotation of the molecule within DNA, DNA replication ceases, specifically during the S phase of the cell cycle. This agent also inhibits DNA and RNA polymerases, resulting in a decrease in cell growth. Compared to cytarabine, a more prolonged, consistent cytarabine-mediated therapeutic effect may be achieved with ancitabine because of the slow hydrolytic conversion of ancitabine to cytarabine.
definition: A cytarabine congener prodrug with antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ancitabine is slowly hydrolyzed into cytarabine, which is converted to the active triphosphate form and competes with deoxycytidine triphosphate for incorporation into DNA. Because the arabinose sugar sterically hinders the rotation of the molecule within DNA, DNA replication ceases, specifically during the S phase of the cell cycle. This agent also inhibits DNA and RNA polymerases, resulting in a decrease in cell growth. Compared to cytarabine, a more prolonged, consistent cytarabine-mediated therapeutic effect may be achieved with ancitabine because of the slow hydrolytic conversion of ancitabine to cytarabine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010560
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.
definition: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010575
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-metabolizable synthetic amino acid, formed through the cyclization of the amino acid leucine, with immunosuppressive, antineoplastic, and cytostatic activities. Cycloleucine competitively inhibits the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase, resulting in the inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis from methionine and ATP, and subsequent nucleic acid methylation and polyamine production; RNA, and perhaps to a lesser extent, DNA biosyntheses and cell cycle progression are finally disrupted. This agent is also a competitive inhibitor at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.
definition: A non-metabolizable synthetic amino acid, formed through the cyclization of the amino acid leucine, with immunosuppressive, antineoplastic, and cytostatic activities. Cycloleucine competitively inhibits the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase, resulting in the inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis from methionine and ATP, and subsequent nucleic acid methylation and polyamine production; RNA, and perhaps to a lesser extent, DNA biosyntheses and cell cycle progression are finally disrupted. This agent is also a competitive inhibitor at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010581
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benzothiadiazine sulfonamide derivative belonging to the class of the thiazide diuretics.
definition: A benzothiadiazine sulfonamide derivative belonging to the class of the thiazide diuretics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010582
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia.
definition: A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010583
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic alkylating agent chemically related to the nitrogen mustards with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities. In the liver, cyclophosphamide is converted to the active metabolites aldophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard, which bind to DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and initiating cell death.
definition: A synthetic alkylating agent chemically related to the nitrogen mustards with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities. In the liver, cyclophosphamide is converted to the active metabolites aldophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard, which bind to DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and initiating cell death.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010587
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: C3H6; a flammable moderately toxic narcotic colorless gas used in organic synthesis and as an anesthetic.
definition: C3H6; a flammable moderately toxic narcotic colorless gas used in organic synthesis and as an anesthetic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010592
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).
definition: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010594
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of closely related cyclic undecapeptides from the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindocarpon lucidum. They have some antineoplastic and antifungal action and significant immunosuppressive effects. Cyclosporins have been proposed as adjuvants in tissue and organ transplantation to suppress graft rejection.
definition: A group of closely related cyclic undecapeptides from the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindocarpon lucidum. They have some antineoplastic and antifungal action and significant immunosuppressive effects. Cyclosporins have been proposed as adjuvants in tissue and organ transplantation to suppress graft rejection.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010598
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An affective disorder characterized by periods of depression and hypomania. These may be separated by periods of normal mood.
definition: An affective disorder characterized by periods of depression and hypomania. These may be separated by periods of normal mood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010606
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells. Microscopically, the neoplastic epithelial cells form cylindrical spatial configurations (cribriform or classic type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), cordlike structures (tubular type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), or solid structures (basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma). Adenoid cystic carcinomas mostly occur in the salivary glands. Other primary sites of involvement include the lacrimal gland, the larynx, and the lungs. Adenoid cystic carcinomas spread along nerve sheaths, resulting in severe pain, and they tend to recur. Lymph node metastases are unusual; hematogenous tumor spread is characteristic.
definition: A malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells. Microscopically, the neoplastic epithelial cells form cylindrical spatial configurations (cribriform or classic type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), cordlike structures (tubular type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), or solid structures (basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma). Adenoid cystic carcinomas mostly occur in the salivary glands. Other primary sites of involvement include the lacrimal gland, the larynx, and the lungs. Adenoid cystic carcinomas spread along nerve sheaths, resulting in severe pain, and they tend to recur. Lymph node metastases are unusual; hematogenous tumor spread is characteristic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010608
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cardiotonic cardiac glycoside found in STROPHANTHUS. The aglycone is STROPHANTHIN.
definition: A cardiotonic cardiac glycoside found in STROPHANTHUS. The aglycone is STROPHANTHIN.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010620
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.
definition: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010621
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic steroidal anti-androgen with antineoplastic activity. Cyproterone, in its acetate form, binds the androgen receptor (AR), thereby preventing androgen-induced receptor activation and inhibiting the growth of testosterone-sensitive tumor cells. This agent also exerts progesterogenic activity, resulting in a reduction in testicular androgen secretion and total androgen blockade. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic steroidal anti-androgen with antineoplastic activity. Cyproterone, in its acetate form, binds the androgen receptor (AR), thereby preventing androgen-induced receptor activation and inhibiting the growth of testosterone-sensitive tumor cells. This agent also exerts progesterogenic activity, resulting in a reduction in testicular androgen secretion and total androgen blockade. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010631
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium. The malignant epithelial cells invade the stroma. The cystic spaces contain serous or mucinous fluid. Representative examples include ovarian and pancreatic cystadenocarcinomas.
definition: A malignant cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium. The malignant epithelial cells invade the stroma. The cystic spaces contain serous or mucinous fluid. Representative examples include ovarian and pancreatic cystadenocarcinomas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010633
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or borderline cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium. The epithelial cells line the cystic spaces which contain serous or mucinous fluid. Representative examples include ovarian and pancreatic cystadenomas.
definition: A benign or borderline cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium. The epithelial cells line the cystic spaces which contain serous or mucinous fluid. Representative examples include ovarian and pancreatic cystadenomas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010635
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm composed of cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. It may arise from the ovary, pancreas, appendix, and lung.
definition: A benign or low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm composed of cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. It may arise from the ovary, pancreas, appendix, and lung.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010636
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A serous or mucinous benign or low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm. It is characterized by the presence of glandular epithelial cells forming papillary structures.
definition: A serous or mucinous benign or low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm. It is characterized by the presence of glandular epithelial cells forming papillary structures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010637
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A radiation-protective agent that interferes with sulfhydryl enzymes. It may also protect against carbon tetrachloride liver damage.
definition: A radiation-protective agent that interferes with sulfhydryl enzymes. It may also protect against carbon tetrachloride liver damage.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010638
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Proposed as an adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy; may have radiation protective properties.
definition: Proposed as an adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy; may have radiation protective properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010644
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cytastin subtype found at high levels in the SKIN and in BLOOD CELLS. Cystatin A incorporates into the cornified cell envelope of stratified squamous epithelial cells and may play a role in bacteriostatic properties of skin.
definition: A cytastin subtype found at high levels in the SKIN and in BLOOD CELLS. Cystatin A incorporates into the cornified cell envelope of stratified squamous epithelial cells and may play a role in bacteriostatic properties of skin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010646
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A homologous group of endogenous CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS. The cystatins inhibit most CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES such as PAPAIN, and other peptidases which have a sulfhydryl group at the active site.
definition: A homologous group of endogenous CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS. The cystatins inhibit most CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES such as PAPAIN, and other peptidases which have a sulfhydryl group at the active site.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010648
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.
definition: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010658
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Exogenous and endogenous compounds which inhibit CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.
definition: Exogenous and endogenous compounds which inhibit CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010668
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital malformation that is present in the lungs of the newborn. It is characterized by a spectrum of lesions that range from single or multiple cysts to bulky overgrowth of bronchiole-like structures. Signs and symptoms include respiratory distress, recurrent pulmonary infections, dyspnea, and failure to thrive.
definition: A congenital malformation that is present in the lungs of the newborn. It is characterized by a spectrum of lesions that range from single or multiple cysts to bulky overgrowth of bronchiole-like structures. Signs and symptoms include respiratory distress, recurrent pulmonary infections, dyspnea, and failure to thrive.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010673
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Benign endometrial hyperplasia characterized by the presence of cystically dilated glands.
definition: Benign endometrial hyperplasia characterized by the presence of cystically dilated glands.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010674
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease affecting epithelia of the respiratory tract, exocrine pancreas, intestine, hepatobiliary system, and exocrine sweat glands. Morbidities include progressive obstructive lung disease with bronchiectasis, frequent hospitalizations for pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency and malnutrition, recurrent sinusitis and bronchitis, and male infertility. Pulmonary disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in CF. Meconium ileus occurs at birth in 15%-20% of newborns with CF. More than 95% of males with CF are infertile. Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is generally identified during evaluation of infertility or as an incidental finding at the time of a surgical procedure. Hypoplasia or aplasia of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles may occur either bilaterally or unilaterally. Testicular development and function and spermatogenesis are usually normal.
definition: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease affecting epithelia of the respiratory tract, exocrine pancreas, intestine, hepatobiliary system, and exocrine sweat glands. Morbidities include progressive obstructive lung disease with bronchiectasis, frequent hospitalizations for pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency and malnutrition, recurrent sinusitis and bronchitis, and male infertility. Pulmonary disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in CF. Meconium ileus occurs at birth in 15%-20% of newborns with CF. More than 95% of males with CF are infertile. Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is generally identified during evaluation of infertility or as an incidental finding at the time of a surgical procedure. Hypoplasia or aplasia of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles may occur either bilaterally or unilaterally. Testicular development and function and spermatogenesis are usually normal.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010678
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A parasitic infection caused by the larval form of Taenia solium. It is a disseminated infection affecting the central nervous system, subcutaneous tissues, lungs, heart and liver. The most serious complications result from infection of the brain parenchyma. Patients may develop seizures, hydrocephalus, encephalopathy and meningoencephalitis.
definition: A parasitic infection caused by the larval form of Taenia solium. It is a disseminated infection affecting the central nervous system, subcutaneous tissues, lungs, heart and liver. The most serious complications result from infection of the brain parenchyma. Patients may develop seizures, hydrocephalus, encephalopathy and meningoencephalitis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010682
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of CYSTEINE. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine.
definition: A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of CYSTEINE. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010691
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Cystinuria is an autosomal disorder characterized by impaired epithelial cell transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids (lysine, ornithine, and arginine) in the proximal renal tubule and gastrointestinal tract. The impaired renal reabsorption of cystine and its low solubility causes the formation of calculi in the urinary tract, resulting in obstructive uropathy, pyelonephritis, and, rarely, renal failure (summary by Barbosa et al., 2012).
definition: Cystinuria is an autosomal disorder characterized by impaired epithelial cell transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids (lysine, ornithine, and arginine) in the proximal renal tubule and gastrointestinal tract. The impaired renal reabsorption of cystine and its low solubility causes the formation of calculi in the urinary tract, resulting in obstructive uropathy, pyelonephritis, and, rarely, renal failure (summary by Barbosa et al., 2012).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010692
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Inflammation of the urinary bladder.
definition: Inflammation of the urinary bladder.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010695
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A HERNIA-like condition in which the weakened pelvic muscles cause the URINARY BLADDER to drop from its normal position. Fallen urinary bladder is more common in females with the bladder dropping into the VAGINA and less common in males with the bladder dropping into the SCROTUM.
definition: A HERNIA-like condition in which the weakened pelvic muscles cause the URINARY BLADDER to drop from its normal position. Fallen urinary bladder is more common in females with the bladder dropping into the VAGINA and less common in males with the bladder dropping into the SCROTUM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010701
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign, borderline, or malignant fibroepithelial neoplasm arising from the breast and rarely the prostate gland. It may recur following resection. The recurrence rates are higher for borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors. In borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors metastases to distant anatomic sites can occur. The incidence of metastases is higher in malignant phyllodes tumors.
definition: A benign, borderline, or malignant fibroepithelial neoplasm arising from the breast and rarely the prostate gland. It may recur following resection. The recurrence rates are higher for borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors. In borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors metastases to distant anatomic sites can occur. The incidence of metastases is higher in malignant phyllodes tumors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010709
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sac-like closed membranous structure that may be empty or contain fluid or amorphous material.
definition: A sac-like closed membranous structure that may be empty or contain fluid or amorphous material.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010711
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)
definition: A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010725
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A nutritional supplement and source of choline and cytidine with potential neuroprotective and nootropic activity. Citicoline, also known as cytidine-5-diphosphocholine or CDP-choline, is hydrolyzed into cytidine and choline in the intestine. Following absorption, both cytidine and choline are dispersed, utilized in various biosynthesis pathways, and cross the blood-brain barrier for resynthesis into citicoline in the brain, which is the rate-limiting product in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This agent also increases acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, citicoline is involved in the preservation of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin and the restoration of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Citicoline also increases glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity, and exerts antiapoptotic effects.
definition: A nutritional supplement and source of choline and cytidine with potential neuroprotective and nootropic activity. Citicoline, also known as cytidine-5-diphosphocholine or CDP-choline, is hydrolyzed into cytidine and choline in the intestine. Following absorption, both cytidine and choline are dispersed, utilized in various biosynthesis pathways, and cross the blood-brain barrier for resynthesis into citicoline in the brain, which is the rate-limiting product in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This agent also increases acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, citicoline is involved in the preservation of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin and the restoration of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Citicoline also increases glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity, and exerts antiapoptotic effects.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010737
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.
definition: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010739
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 11- to 14-membered macrocyclic lactones with a fused isoindolone. Members with INDOLES attached at the C10 position are called chaetoglobosins. They are produced by various fungi. Some members interact with ACTIN and inhibit CYTOKINESIS.
definition: 11- to 14-membered macrocyclic lactones with a fused isoindolone. Members with INDOLES attached at the C10 position are called chaetoglobosins. They are produced by various fungi. Some members interact with ACTIN and inhibit CYTOKINESIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010823
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A herpesvirus infection caused by Cytomegalovirus. Healthy individuals generally do not produce symptoms. However, the infection may be life-threatening in affected immunocompromised patients. The virus may cause retinitis, esophagitis, gastritis, and colitis. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies.
definition: A herpesvirus infection caused by Cytomegalovirus. Healthy individuals generally do not produce symptoms. However, the infection may be life-threatening in affected immunocompromised patients. The virus may cause retinitis, esophagitis, gastritis, and colitis. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010827
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion.
definition: Structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010828
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A laboratory test result indicating an abnormally low quantity of circulating blood cells.
definition: A laboratory test result indicating an abnormally low quantity of circulating blood cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010858
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of CELLS.
definition: Compounds that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of CELLS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010927
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A triazene derivative with antineoplastic activity. Dacarbazine alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. (NCI04)
definition: A triazene derivative with antineoplastic activity. Dacarbazine alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010930
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the lacrimal sac.
definition: Inflammation of the lacrimal sac.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010961
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic androgen derived from ethinyl testosterone. Danazol indirectly reduces estrogen production by decreasing pituitary secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and binds to sex hormone receptors in target tissues, thereby exhibiting antiestrogenic, anabolic and weakly androgenic effects. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic androgen derived from ethinyl testosterone. Danazol indirectly reduces estrogen production by decreasing pituitary secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and binds to sex hormone receptors in target tissues, thereby exhibiting antiestrogenic, anabolic and weakly androgenic effects. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010964
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Dandy-Walker malformation is defined by hypoplasia and upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle. Affected individuals often have motor deficits such as delayed motor development, hypotonia, and ataxia; about half have mental retardation and some have hydrocephalus. DWM is a heterogeneous disorder. The low empiric recurrence risk of approximately 1 to 2% for nonsyndromic DWM suggests that mendelian inheritance is unlikely (summary by Murray et al., 1985).
definition: Dandy-Walker malformation is defined by hypoplasia and upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle. Affected individuals often have motor deficits such as delayed motor development, hypotonia, and ataxia; about half have mental retardation and some have hydrocephalus. DWM is a heterogeneous disorder. The low empiric recurrence risk of approximately 1 to 2% for nonsyndromic DWM suggests that mendelian inheritance is unlikely (summary by Murray et al., 1985).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010976
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.
definition: A hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010977
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.
definition: The sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0010980
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)
definition: A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011053
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.
definition: A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011057
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days. It varies in severity from mild to total deafness. Sudden deafness can be due to head trauma, vascular diseases, infections, or can appear without obvious cause or warning.
definition: Sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days. It varies in severity from mild to total deafness. Sudden deafness can be due to head trauma, vascular diseases, infections, or can appear without obvious cause or warning.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011064
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.
definition: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011071
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An unexpected death without warning.
definition: An unexpected death without warning.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011082
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.
definition: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011085
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The loss of calcium salts from bones and teeth. Bacteria may be responsible for this occurrence in teeth. Old age may be a factor contributing to calcium loss, as is the presence of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
definition: The loss of calcium salts from bones and teeth. Bacteria may be responsible for this occurrence in teeth. Old age may be a factor contributing to calcium loss, as is the presence of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011103
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)
definition: A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011119
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition occurring as a result of exposure to a rapid fall in ambient pressure. Gases, nitrogen in particular, come out of solution and form bubbles in body fluid and blood. These gas bubbles accumulate in joint spaces and the peripheral circulation impairing tissue oxygenation causing disorientation, severe pain, and potentially death.
definition: A condition occurring as a result of exposure to a rapid fall in ambient pressure. Gases, nitrogen in particular, come out of solution and form bubbles in body fluid and blood. These gas bubbles accumulate in joint spaces and the peripheral circulation impairing tissue oxygenation causing disorientation, severe pain, and potentially death.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011122
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A coccidiostat for poultry.
definition: A coccidiostat for poultry.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011124
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Decreased sexual desire.
definition: Decreased sexual desire.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011127
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of ulcer that is caused when an area of skin is subject to pressure over a prolonged period of time, ranging in range in severity from patches of discolored skin to open wounds that expose the underlying bone or muscle. The most common sites are the sacrum, coccyx, heels and the hips.
definition: A type of ulcer that is caused when an area of skin is subject to pressure over a prolonged period of time, ranging in range in severity from patches of discolored skin to open wounds that expose the underlying bone or muscle. The most common sites are the sacrum, coccyx, heels and the hips.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011134
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A compound used as a topical insect repellent that may cause irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, but not to the skin.
definition: A compound used as a topical insect repellent that may cause irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, but not to the skin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011148
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The mesylate salt of an iron-chelating agent that binds free iron in a stable complex, preventing it from engaging in chemical reactions. Deferoxamine chelates iron from intra-lysosomal ferritin and ferrioxamine, a water-soluble complex excreted by the kidneys and in the feces via the bile. This agent does not readily chelate iron bound to transferrin, hemoglobin, myoglobin or cytochrome.
definition: The mesylate salt of an iron-chelating agent that binds free iron in a stable complex, preventing it from engaging in chemical reactions. Deferoxamine chelates iron from intra-lysosomal ferritin and ferrioxamine, a water-soluble complex excreted by the kidneys and in the feces via the bile. This agent does not readily chelate iron bound to transferrin, hemoglobin, myoglobin or cytochrome.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011156
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
definition: A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011164
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI CDISC
  definition: Disturbance of cell integrity and deterioration of normal tissue, cells or organs.
definition: Disturbance of cell integrity and deterioration of normal tissue, cells or organs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011168
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A symptom referring to difficulty in swallowing. It may be observed in patients with stroke, motor neuron disorders, cancer of the throat or mouth, head and neck injuries, Parkinson disease, and multiple sclerosis.
definition: A symptom referring to difficulty in swallowing. It may be observed in patients with stroke, motor neuron disorders, cancer of the throat or mouth, head and neck injuries, Parkinson disease, and multiple sclerosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011175
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition resulting from the excessive loss of water from the body. It is usually caused by severe diarrhea, vomiting or diaphoresis.
definition: A condition resulting from the excessive loss of water from the body. It is usually caused by severe diarrhea, vomiting or diaphoresis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011177
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.
definition: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011182
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.
definition: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011185
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.
definition: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011195
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Dejerine-Sottas neuropathy is a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy with onset in infancy. It can show autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance. Affected individuals have delayed motor development due to severe distal motor and sensory impairment, resulting in difficulties in gait. Some patients have generalized hypotonia in infancy. Other features may include pes cavus, scoliosis, and sensory ataxia. Nerve conduction velocities are severely decreased (sometimes less than 10 m/s), and sural nerve biopsy shows severe loss of myelinated fibers (summary by Baets et al., 2011).
definition: Dejerine-Sottas neuropathy is a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy with onset in infancy. It can show autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance. Affected individuals have delayed motor development due to severe distal motor and sensory impairment, resulting in difficulties in gait. Some patients have generalized hypotonia in infancy. Other features may include pes cavus, scoliosis, and sensory ataxia. Nerve conduction velocities are severely decreased (sometimes less than 10 m/s), and sural nerve biopsy shows severe loss of myelinated fibers (summary by Baets et al., 2011).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011202
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.
definition: Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011206
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)
definition: A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011226
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.
definition: INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011251
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by the presence of one or more nonbizarre delusions that persist for at least 1 month; the delusion(s) are not due to schizophrenia or a mood disorder, and do not impair psychosocial functioning apart from the ramifications of the delusion(s).
definition: A disorder characterized by the presence of one or more nonbizarre delusions that persist for at least 1 month; the delusion(s) are not due to schizophrenia or a mood disorder, and do not impair psychosocial functioning apart from the ramifications of the delusion(s).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011253
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A belief that is pathological and is held despite evidence to the contrary.
definition: A belief that is pathological and is held despite evidence to the contrary.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011259
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A colchicine analog with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activities. Demecolcine acid binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, inhibiting its polymerization into microtubules, causing cell cycle arrest at metaphase and preventing cell division.
definition: A colchicine analog with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activities. Demecolcine acid binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, inhibiting its polymerization into microtubules, causing cell cycle arrest at metaphase and preventing cell division.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011263
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A common form of dementia caused by multiple cortical or subcortical cerebral infarctions.
definition: A common form of dementia caused by multiple cortical or subcortical cerebral infarctions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011265
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The presence of dementia in an individual younger than age sixty five.
definition: The presence of dementia in an individual younger than age sixty five.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011268
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Loss of intellectual abilities in an elderly person, interfering with this person's activities.
definition: Loss of intellectual abilities in an elderly person, interfering with this person's activities.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011269
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A degenerative vascular disorder affecting the brain. It is caused by the blockage of the blood supply to the brain. It is manifested with decline of memory and cognitive functions.
definition: A degenerative vascular disorder affecting the brain. It is caused by the blockage of the blood supply to the brain. It is manifested with decline of memory and cognitive functions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011279
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.
definition: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011302
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any condition in which there is degeneration of the myelin sheath that covers the nerves of the central nervous system.
definition: Any condition in which there is degeneration of the myelin sheath that covers the nerves of the central nervous system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011303
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A broad group of disorders that affect the myelin sheaths that cover the neurons. Myelin sheathes cover neuronal axons in the central and peripheral nervous system and function to increase travelling impulse speeds. Disruption of this sheath impairs neuronal transmission and can result in disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome, among others.
definition: A broad group of disorders that affect the myelin sheaths that cover the neurons. Myelin sheathes cover neuronal axons in the central and peripheral nervous system and function to increase travelling impulse speeds. Disruption of this sheath impairs neuronal transmission and can result in disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome, among others.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011304
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Breakdown, or abnormal development, of a nerve fiber myelin sheath.
definition: Breakdown, or abnormal development, of a nerve fiber myelin sheath.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011311
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.
definition: An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011320
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormality of the incisor characterized by invagination of the enamel, giving a radiographic appearance that suggests a tooth within a tooth.
definition: An abnormality of the incisor characterized by invagination of the enamel, giving a radiographic appearance that suggests a tooth within a tooth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011330
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal concretion or calcified deposit that forms around the teeth or dental prostheses.
definition: Abnormal concretion or calcified deposit that forms around the teeth or dental prostheses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011334
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Caries is a multifactorial bacterial infection affecting the structure of the tooth. This term has been used to describe the presence of more than expected dental caries.
definition: Caries is a multifactorial bacterial infection affecting the structure of the tooth. This term has been used to describe the presence of more than expected dental caries.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011346
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Accumulations of microflora that lead to pathological plaque and calculus which cause PERIODONTAL DISEASES. It can be considered a type of BIOFILMS. It is subtly distinguished from the protective DENTAL PELLICLE.
definition: Accumulations of microflora that lead to pathological plaque and calculus which cause PERIODONTAL DISEASES. It can be considered a type of BIOFILMS. It is subtly distinguished from the protective DENTAL PELLICLE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011351
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: A form of amelogenesis imperfecta characterized by incomplete formation of the dental enamel and transmitted as an X-linked or autosomal dominant trait.
definition: A form of amelogenesis imperfecta characterized by incomplete formation of the dental enamel and transmitted as an X-linked or autosomal dominant trait.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011361
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An abnormal passage in the oral cavity on the gingiva.
definition: An abnormal passage in the oral cavity on the gingiva.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011378
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.
definition: The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011383
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Dental occlusion in which the occlusal contact of the teeth on the working side of the jaw is accompanied by the harmonious contact of the teeth on the opposite (balancing) side. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556)
definition: Dental occlusion in which the occlusal contact of the teeth on the working side of the jaw is accompanied by the harmonious contact of the teeth on the opposite (balancing) side. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011389
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A biofilm that contains numerous microorganisms that adheres to the teeth.
definition: A biofilm that contains numerous microorganisms that adheres to the teeth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011401
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: CALCINOSIS of the DENTAL PULP or ROOT CANAL.
definition: CALCINOSIS of the DENTAL PULP or ROOT CANAL.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011405
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder that affects the dental pulp tissue. Examples include inflammation, calcification, and dental pulp exposure.
definition: A disorder that affects the dental pulp tissue. Examples include inflammation, calcification, and dental pulp exposure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011406
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.
definition: The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011407
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Death of pulp tissue with or without bacterial invasion. When the necrosis is due to ischemia with superimposed bacterial infection, it is referred to as pulp gangrene. When the necrosis is non-bacterial in origin, it is called pulp mummification.
definition: Death of pulp tissue with or without bacterial invasion. When the necrosis is due to ischemia with superimposed bacterial infection, it is referred to as pulp gangrene. When the necrosis is non-bacterial in origin, it is called pulp mummification.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011428
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Most common follicular odontogenic cyst. Occurs in relation to a partially erupted or unerupted tooth with at least the crown of the tooth to which the cyst is attached protruding into the cystic cavity. May give rise to an ameloblastoma and, in rare instances, undergo malignant transformation.
definition: Most common follicular odontogenic cyst. Occurs in relation to a partially erupted or unerupted tooth with at least the crown of the tooth to which the cyst is attached protruding into the cystic cavity. May give rise to an ameloblastoma and, in rare instances, undergo malignant transformation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011430
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Developmental dysplasia of dentin affecting only the primary dentition.
definition: Developmental dysplasia of dentin affecting only the primary dentition.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011432
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pain associated with exposed DENTIN surfaces of the teeth.
definition: Pain associated with exposed DENTIN surfaces of the teeth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011434
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.
definition: Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011436
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital tooth development disorder caused by mutations in the DSPP gene. The teeth are weak, discolored, and translucent.
definition: A congenital tooth development disorder caused by mutations in the DSPP gene. The teeth are weak, discolored, and translucent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011448
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Substances used to clean dentures; they are usually alkaline peroxides or hypochlorites, may contain enzymes and release oxygen. Use also for sonic action cleaners.
definition: Substances used to clean dentures; they are usually alkaline peroxides or hypochlorites, may contain enzymes and release oxygen. Use also for sonic action cleaners.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011479
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.
definition: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011498
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent.
definition: Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011501
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-metabolizable glucose analog in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 of glucose is replaced by hydrogen, with potential glycolysis inhibiting and antineoplastic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, upon administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), this agent competes with glucose for uptake by proliferating cells, such as tumor cells. 2-DG inhibits the first step of glycolysis and therefore prevents cellular energy production, which may result in decreased tumor cell proliferation.
definition: A non-metabolizable glucose analog in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 of glucose is replaced by hydrogen, with potential glycolysis inhibiting and antineoplastic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, upon administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), this agent competes with glucose for uptake by proliferating cells, such as tumor cells. 2-DG inhibits the first step of glycolysis and therefore prevents cellular energy production, which may result in decreased tumor cell proliferation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011522
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester bond linkages in the DNA backbone. Deoxyribonucleases belong to a larger family of nucleases, which cleave DNA bases at various positions in the DNA backbone.
definition: Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester bond linkages in the DNA backbone. Deoxyribonucleases belong to a larger family of nucleases, which cleave DNA bases at various positions in the DNA backbone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011548
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of an extreme need to be taken care of together with fear of separation that lead the individual to urgently seek out and submit to another person and allow that person to make decisions that impact all areas of the individual's life.
definition: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of an extreme need to be taken care of together with fear of separation that lead the individual to urgently seek out and submit to another person and allow that person to make decisions that impact all areas of the individual's life.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011551
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: State in which an individual perceives or experiences a sensation of unreality concerning the self or the environment; it is seen in disorders such as schizophrenia, affection disorders, organic mental disorders, and personality disorders. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)
definition: State in which an individual perceives or experiences a sensation of unreality concerning the self or the environment; it is seen in disorders such as schizophrenia, affection disorders, organic mental disorders, and personality disorders. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011570
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Depression (also known as major depression or major depressive disorder) is a psychiatric disorder that affects mood, behavior, and overall health. It causes prolonged feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed. People with depression may also have changes in appetite (leading to overeating or not eating enough), changes in sleeping patterns (sleeping too much or not being able to sleep), loss of energy, and difficulty concentrating. Although depression is considered primarily a mental health disorder, it can also have physical features including headaches, other unexplained aches and pains, unusually slow or fast movements, and digestive problems. To be diagnosed with depression, an individual must have signs and symptoms nearly every day for at least 2 weeks. However, the features of this condition vary widely.Depression most commonly begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, although it can appear at any age. If untreated, episodes of depression can last for weeks, months, or years, and can go away and come back (recur). Affected individuals may have difficulty functioning in their daily lives, including at school or work. People with depression have a higher risk of substance abuse problems and dying by suicide than the general population.Several health conditions are closely related to depression or have depression as a characteristic feature. These include dysthymia (which has long-lasting signs and symptoms that are similar to, but not as severe as, those of depression), perinatal or postpartum depression (which occurs around or following the birth of a child), seasonal affective disorder (which is triggered by the changing of the seasons), bipolar disorder (which can include both ""highs,"" or manic episodes, and depressive episodes), and generalized anxiety disorder. In people with schizoaffective disorder, depression or another mood disorder occurs together with features of schizophreni…
definition: Depression (also known as major depression or major depressive disorder) is a psychiatric disorder that affects mood, behavior, and overall health. It causes prolonged feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed. People with depression may also have changes in appetite (leading to overeating or not eating enough), changes in sleeping patterns (sleeping too much or not being able to sleep), loss of energy, and difficulty concentrating. Although depression is considered primarily a mental health disorder, it can also have physical features including headaches, other unexplained aches and pains, unusually slow or fast movements, and digestive problems. To be diagnosed with depression, an individual must have signs and symptoms nearly every day for at least 2 weeks. However, the features of this condition vary widely.Depression most commonly begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, although it can appear at any age. If untreated, episodes of depression can last for weeks, months, or years, and can go away and come back (recur). Affected individuals may have difficulty functioning in their daily lives, including at school or work. People with depression have a higher risk of substance abuse problems and dying by suicide than the general population.Several health conditions are closely related to depression or have depression as a characteristic feature. These include dysthymia (which has long-lasting signs and symptoms that are similar to, but not as severe as, those of depression), perinatal or postpartum depression (which occurs around or following the birth of a child), seasonal affective disorder (which is triggered by the changing of the seasons), bipolar disorder (which can include both ""highs,"" or manic episodes, and depressive episodes), and generalized anxiety disorder. In people with schizoaffective disorder, depression or another mood disorder occurs together with features of schizophreni…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011572
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
definition: The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011573
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Depression which is considered strictly biological.
definition: Depression which is considered strictly biological.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011574
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.
definition: Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011579
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Depression precipitated by events in a person's life.
definition: Depression precipitated by events in a person's life.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011581
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.
definition: An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011588
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.
definition: A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011603
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: The presence of inflammation of the skin. That is, an abnormality of the skin resulting from the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes.
definition: The presence of inflammation of the skin. That is, an abnormality of the skin resulting from the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011606
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A generalized inflammatory cutaneous disorder characterized by erythema and desquamation.
definition: A generalized inflammatory cutaneous disorder characterized by erythema and desquamation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011608
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by the development of pruritic papulovesicular and bullous lesions in the elbows, knees, buttocks, and back. It is associated with an increased expression of HLA-A1, HLA-B8, and HLA-DR3 antibodies.
definition: A chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by the development of pruritic papulovesicular and bullous lesions in the elbows, knees, buttocks, and back. It is associated with an increased expression of HLA-A1, HLA-B8, and HLA-DR3 antibodies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011609
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Adverse cutaneous reactions caused by ingestion, parenteral use, or local application of a drug. These may assume various morphologic patterns and produce various types of lesions.
definition: Adverse cutaneous reactions caused by ingestion, parenteral use, or local application of a drug. These may assume various morphologic patterns and produce various types of lesions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011615
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Atopic dermatitis (ATOD), also known as eczema, is a common chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease with a strong genetic component. Onset typically occurs during the first 2 years of life (review by Soderhall et al., 2007). Genetic Heterogeneity of Atopic Dermatitis Many inflammatory diseases, such as atopic eczema, are genetically complex, with multiple alleles at several loci thought to be involved in their pathogenesis. Several susceptibility loci for atopic dermatitis have been identified: ATOD1 on chromosome 3q21, ATOD2 (605803) on chromosome 1q21, ATOD3 (605804) on chromosome 20p, ATOD4 (605805) on chromosome 17q25.3, ATOD5 (603165) on chromosome 13q12-q14, ATOD6 (605845) on chromosome 5q31-q33, ATOD7 (613064) on chromosome 11q13.5, ATOD8 (613518) on chromosome 4q22.1, and ATOD9 (613519) on chromosome 3p24.
definition: Atopic dermatitis (ATOD), also known as eczema, is a common chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease with a strong genetic component. Onset typically occurs during the first 2 years of life (review by Soderhall et al., 2007). Genetic Heterogeneity of Atopic Dermatitis Many inflammatory diseases, such as atopic eczema, are genetically complex, with multiple alleles at several loci thought to be involved in their pathogenesis. Several susceptibility loci for atopic dermatitis have been identified: ATOD1 on chromosome 3q21, ATOD2 (605803) on chromosome 1q21, ATOD3 (605804) on chromosome 20p, ATOD4 (605805) on chromosome 17q25.3, ATOD5 (603165) on chromosome 13q12-q14, ATOD6 (605845) on chromosome 5q31-q33, ATOD7 (613064) on chromosome 11q13.5, ATOD8 (613518) on chromosome 4q22.1, and ATOD9 (613519) on chromosome 3p24.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011616
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: A polymorphic pattern of inflammatory reaction of the skin in response to contact with external irritants or allergens.
definition: A polymorphic pattern of inflammatory reaction of the skin in response to contact with external irritants or allergens.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011625
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
definition: Drugs used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011630
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.
definition: Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011633
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)
definition: A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011636
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: Fungal infection of the skin.
definition: Fungal infection of the skin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011638
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Dermatophytosis involving the stratum corneum of the skin of the groin and perianal area.
definition: Dermatophytosis involving the stratum corneum of the skin of the groin and perianal area.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011640
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Dermatophytosis involving the stratum corneum of the skin of the scalp and beard area.
definition: Dermatophytosis involving the stratum corneum of the skin of the scalp and beard area.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011644
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A chronic autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fibrosis (or hardening) and vascular alterations of the skin. [HPO:sdoelken]
definition: A chronic autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fibrosis (or hardening) and vascular alterations of the skin. [HPO:sdoelken]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011645
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign skin condition commonly seen in dark-skinned individuals that is characterized by multiple small hyperpigmented papular lesions resembling seborrheic keratosis on the face and upper body.
definition: A benign skin condition commonly seen in dark-skinned individuals that is characterized by multiple small hyperpigmented papular lesions resembling seborrheic keratosis on the face and upper body.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011649
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A congenital subcutaneous cyst that arises from entrapment of skin along the lines of embryonic fusion. In contrast to epidermal cysts, dermoid cysts tend to contain various adnexal structures such as hair, sebaceous, eccrine or apocrine glands. Dermoid cysts are present at birth, and are indolent, firm, deep, subcutaneous nodules. They are often located on the head and neck, and rarely in the anogenital area. Dermoid cysts are\nslowly progressive and can grow to a size of 1 to 4 cm.
definition: A congenital subcutaneous cyst that arises from entrapment of skin along the lines of embryonic fusion. In contrast to epidermal cysts, dermoid cysts tend to contain various adnexal structures such as hair, sebaceous, eccrine or apocrine glands. Dermoid cysts are present at birth, and are indolent, firm, deep, subcutaneous nodules. They are often located on the head and neck, and rarely in the anogenital area. Dermoid cysts are\nslowly progressive and can grow to a size of 1 to 4 cm.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011685
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.
definition: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011689
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Deacetyllanatoside C. A cardiotonic glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata.
definition: Deacetyllanatoside C. A cardiotonic glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011701
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.
definition: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011705
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for DERMATOSES.
definition: A nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for DERMATOSES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011707
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist with metabolic, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity. Desoximetasone activates specific intracellular receptors, which bind to distinct sites on DNA to modify gene transcription. This results in an induction of the synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteins and suppression of the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. This leads to an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions. Desoximetasone is indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.
definition: A synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist with metabolic, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity. Desoximetasone activates specific intracellular receptors, which bind to distinct sites on DNA to modify gene transcription. This results in an induction of the synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteins and suppression of the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. This leads to an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions. Desoximetasone is indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011710
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A C-21 steroid hormone synthesized by the adrenal gland that is a precursor for cortisol and aldosterone and has potential mineralocorticoid activity.
definition: A C-21 steroid hormone synthesized by the adrenal gland that is a precursor for cortisol and aldosterone and has potential mineralocorticoid activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011757
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by an impairment in the development of an individual's motor coordination skills; this impairment in motor development is not due to a medical condition.
definition: A disorder characterized by an impairment in the development of an individual's motor coordination skills; this impairment in motor development is not due to a medical condition.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011777
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic adrenal corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to binding to specific nuclear steroid receptors, dexamethasone also interferes with NF-kB activation and apoptotic pathways. This agent lacks the salt-retaining properties of other related adrenal hormones. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic adrenal corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to binding to specific nuclear steroid receptors, dexamethasone also interferes with NF-kB activation and apoptotic pathways. This agent lacks the salt-retaining properties of other related adrenal hormones. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011779
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, locally, and parenterally. It may cause water and salt retention.
definition: An anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, locally, and parenterally. It may cause water and salt retention.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011782
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The hydrochloride salt form of phenylpropanolamine, an alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with sympathomimetic activity. Phenylpropanolamine binds to and activates alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa of the respiratory tract resulting in vasoconstriction and reduction in swelling of nasal mucous membranes and reduction in tissue hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion. This agent also stimulates the release of norepinephrine from its storage sites resulting in the effects already described. Finally, phenylpropanolamine indirectly stimulates beta-receptors producing tachycardia and a positive inotropic effect.
definition: The hydrochloride salt form of phenylpropanolamine, an alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with sympathomimetic activity. Phenylpropanolamine binds to and activates alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa of the respiratory tract resulting in vasoconstriction and reduction in swelling of nasal mucous membranes and reduction in tissue hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion. This agent also stimulates the release of norepinephrine from its storage sites resulting in the effects already described. Finally, phenylpropanolamine indirectly stimulates beta-receptors producing tachycardia and a positive inotropic effect.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011785
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A muscarinic antagonist that has been used to treat neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Benzetimide is the (-)-enantimorph of dexetimide.
definition: A muscarinic antagonist that has been used to treat neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Benzetimide is the (-)-enantimorph of dexetimide.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011786
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.
definition: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011795
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A plasma volume expander.
definition: A plasma volume expander.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011806
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.
definition: A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011810
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The salt of the dextro-isomer of amphetamine and sympathomimetic amine with CNS stimulating properties. Dextroamphetamine sulphate acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from nerve terminals in the brain and inhibits their uptake. This leads to an increase in motor activity, causes euphoria, mental alertness and excitement and suppresses appetite. This drug causes dependence and may cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. It is used in the treatment of narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
definition: The salt of the dextro-isomer of amphetamine and sympathomimetic amine with CNS stimulating properties. Dextroamphetamine sulphate acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from nerve terminals in the brain and inhibits their uptake. This leads to an increase in motor activity, causes euphoria, mental alertness and excitement and suppresses appetite. This drug causes dependence and may cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. It is used in the treatment of narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011812
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic substance related to natural sympathomimetic amines and the synthetic agent amphetamine. In the central nervous system (CNS), dextroamphetamine induces the release of dopamine within the mesocorticolimbic system, a major component of the brain reward system, resulting in measurable behavioral changes such as euphoria. As a CNS stimulant, this agent may increase blood pressure and reduce appetite. Similar to other amphetamines, dextroamphetamine has a high potential for abuse, dependence, and addiction if used in large doses over extended periods of time. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic substance related to natural sympathomimetic amines and the synthetic agent amphetamine. In the central nervous system (CNS), dextroamphetamine induces the release of dopamine within the mesocorticolimbic system, a major component of the brain reward system, resulting in measurable behavioral changes such as euphoria. As a CNS stimulant, this agent may increase blood pressure and reduce appetite. Similar to other amphetamines, dextroamphetamine has a high potential for abuse, dependence, and addiction if used in large doses over extended periods of time. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011813
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A congenital defect in which the heart is located on the right side of the THORAX instead of on the left side (levocardia, the normal position). When dextrocardia is accompanied with inverted HEART ATRIA, a right-sided STOMACH, and a left-sided LIVER, the combination is called dextrocardia with SITUS INVERSUS. Dextrocardia may adversely affect other thoracic organs.
definition: A congenital defect in which the heart is located on the right side of the THORAX instead of on the left side (levocardia, the normal position). When dextrocardia is accompanied with inverted HEART ATRIA, a right-sided STOMACH, and a left-sided LIVER, the combination is called dextrocardia with SITUS INVERSUS. Dextrocardia may adversely affect other thoracic organs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011816
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic, methylated dextrorotary analogue of levorphanol, a substance related to codeine and a non-opioid derivate of morphine. Dextromethorphan exhibits antitussive activity and is devoid of analgesic or addictive property. This agent crosses the blood-brain-barrier and activates sigma opioid receptors on the cough center in the central nervous system, thereby suppressing the cough reflex.
definition: A synthetic, methylated dextrorotary analogue of levorphanol, a substance related to codeine and a non-opioid derivate of morphine. Dextromethorphan exhibits antitussive activity and is devoid of analgesic or addictive property. This agent crosses the blood-brain-barrier and activates sigma opioid receptors on the cough center in the central nervous system, thereby suppressing the cough reflex.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011817
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070)
definition: An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011818
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An overriding aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is positioned directly over a ventricular septal defect, instead of over the left ventricle. The result is that the aorta receives some blood from the right ventricle, which reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. It is one of the four conditions of the Tetralogy of Fallot. The aortic root can be displaced toward the front (anteriorly) or directly above the septal defect, but it is always abnormally located to the right of the root of the pulmonary artery. The degree of override is quite variable, with 5-95% of the valve being connected to the right ventricle.
definition: An overriding aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is positioned directly over a ventricular septal defect, instead of over the left ventricle. The result is that the aorta receives some blood from the right ventricle, which reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. It is one of the four conditions of the Tetralogy of Fallot. The aortic root can be displaced toward the front (anteriorly) or directly above the septal defect, but it is always abnormally located to the right of the root of the pulmonary artery. The degree of override is quite variable, with 5-95% of the valve being connected to the right ventricle.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011821
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.
definition: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011824
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The dextrorotary isomer of the synthetic THYROXINE.
definition: The dextrorotary isomer of the synthetic THYROXINE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011848
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A state of excessive water intake and hypotonic (dilute) polyuria. Diabetes insipidus may be due to failure of vasopressin (AVP) release (central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus) or to a failure of the kidney to respond to AVP (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus).
definition: A state of excessive water intake and hypotonic (dilute) polyuria. Diabetes insipidus may be due to failure of vasopressin (AVP) release (central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus) or to a failure of the kidney to respond to AVP (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011849
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A group of abnormalities characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance.
definition: A group of abnormalities characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011854
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: The type of diabetes mellitus called IDDM is a disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. It is a genetically heterogeneous autoimmune disease affecting about 0.3% of Caucasian populations (Todd, 1990). Genetic studies of IDDM have focused on the identification of loci associated with increased susceptibility to this multifactorial phenotype. The classical phenotype of diabetes mellitus is polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.
definition: The type of diabetes mellitus called IDDM is a disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. It is a genetically heterogeneous autoimmune disease affecting about 0.3% of Caucasian populations (Todd, 1990). Genetic studies of IDDM have focused on the identification of loci associated with increased susceptibility to this multifactorial phenotype. The classical phenotype of diabetes mellitus is polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011859
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare syndrome characterized by almost complete absence of body fat, accentuated muscularity, insulin-resistant diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hepatomegaly, and hypermetabolism.
definition: A rare syndrome characterized by almost complete absence of body fat, accentuated muscularity, insulin-resistant diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hepatomegaly, and hypermetabolism.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011860
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Type 2 diabetes is a disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels. In this form of diabetes, the body stops using and making insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Specifically, insulin controls how much glucose (a type of sugar) is passed from the blood into cells, where it is used as an energy source. When blood sugar levels are high (such as after a meal), the pancreas releases insulin to move the excess glucose into cells, which reduces the amount of glucose in the blood.Most people who develop type 2 diabetes first have insulin resistance, a condition in which the body's cells use insulin less efficiently than normal. As insulin resistance develops, more and more insulin is needed to keep blood sugar levels in the normal range. To keep up with the increasing need, insulin-producing cells in the pancreas (called beta cells) make larger amounts of insulin. Over time, the beta cells become less able to respond to blood sugar changes, leading to an insulin shortage that prevents the body from reducing blood sugar levels effectively. Most people have some insulin resistance as they age, but inadequate exercise and excessive weight gain make it worse, greatly increasing the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes.Type 2 diabetes can occur at any age, but it most commonly begins in middle age or later. Signs and symptoms develop slowly over years. They include frequent urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), fatigue, blurred vision, tingling or loss of feeling in the hands and feet (diabetic neuropathy), sores that do not heal well, and weight loss. If blood sugar levels are not controlled through medication or diet, type 2 diabetes can cause long-lasting (chronic) health problems including heart disease and stroke; nerve damage; and damage to the kidneys, eyes, and other parts of the body.
definition: Type 2 diabetes is a disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels. In this form of diabetes, the body stops using and making insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Specifically, insulin controls how much glucose (a type of sugar) is passed from the blood into cells, where it is used as an energy source. When blood sugar levels are high (such as after a meal), the pancreas releases insulin to move the excess glucose into cells, which reduces the amount of glucose in the blood.Most people who develop type 2 diabetes first have insulin resistance, a condition in which the body's cells use insulin less efficiently than normal. As insulin resistance develops, more and more insulin is needed to keep blood sugar levels in the normal range. To keep up with the increasing need, insulin-producing cells in the pancreas (called beta cells) make larger amounts of insulin. Over time, the beta cells become less able to respond to blood sugar changes, leading to an insulin shortage that prevents the body from reducing blood sugar levels effectively. Most people have some insulin resistance as they age, but inadequate exercise and excessive weight gain make it worse, greatly increasing the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes.Type 2 diabetes can occur at any age, but it most commonly begins in middle age or later. Signs and symptoms develop slowly over years. They include frequent urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), fatigue, blurred vision, tingling or loss of feeling in the hands and feet (diabetic neuropathy), sores that do not heal well, and weight loss. If blood sugar levels are not controlled through medication or diet, type 2 diabetes can cause long-lasting (chronic) health problems including heart disease and stroke; nerve damage; and damage to the kidneys, eyes, and other parts of the body.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011875
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Vascular disorders resulting from diabetes mellitus.
definition: Vascular disorders resulting from diabetes mellitus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011876
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: rare, usually bilateral, opacity shaped like a snowflake, affecting the anterior and posterior cortices of young diabetics; sometimes it can be reversed when the blood glucose is brought under control, but in most cases it progresses rapidly to a mature cataract.
definition: rare, usually bilateral, opacity shaped like a snowflake, affecting the anterior and posterior cortices of young diabetics; sometimes it can be reversed when the blood glucose is brought under control, but in most cases it progresses rapidly to a mature cataract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011880
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.
definition: A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011881
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.
definition: KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011882
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chronic, pathological complication associated with diabetes mellitus, where nerve damages are incurred due to diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply these nerves, resulting in peripheral and/or autonomic nerve dysfunction.
definition: A chronic, pathological complication associated with diabetes mellitus, where nerve damages are incurred due to diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply these nerves, resulting in peripheral and/or autonomic nerve dysfunction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011884
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chronic, pathological complication associated with diabetes mellitus, where retinal damages are incurred due to microaneurysms in the vasculature of the retina, progressively leading to abnormal blood vessel growth, and swelling and leaking of fluid from blood vessels, resulting in vision loss or blindness.
definition: A chronic, pathological complication associated with diabetes mellitus, where retinal damages are incurred due to microaneurysms in the vasculature of the retina, progressively leading to abnormal blood vessel growth, and swelling and leaking of fluid from blood vessels, resulting in vision loss or blindness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011892
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
definition: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011947
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Solutions prepared for exchange across a semipermeable membrane of solutes below a molecular size determined by the cutoff threshold of the membrane material.
definition: Solutions prepared for exchange across a semipermeable membrane of solutes below a molecular size determined by the cutoff threshold of the membrane material.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011951
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Anthelmintic. It has been shown to be useful in fasciola infections in sheep.
definition: Anthelmintic. It has been shown to be useful in fasciola infections in sheep.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011953
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.
definition: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011967
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A bifunctional hexitol derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Dianhydrogalactitol alkylates and cross-links DNA via an epoxide group during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function and cell cycle arrest. (NCI04)
definition: A bifunctional hexitol derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Dianhydrogalactitol alkylates and cross-links DNA via an epoxide group during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function and cell cycle arrest. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011974
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent.
definition: A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011981
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A congenital abnormality characterized by the elevation of the DIAPHRAGM dome. It is the result of a thinned diaphragmatic muscle and injured PHRENIC NERVE, allowing the intra-abdominal viscera to push the diaphragm upward against the LUNG.
definition: A congenital abnormality characterized by the elevation of the DIAPHRAGM dome. It is the result of a thinned diaphragmatic muscle and injured PHRENIC NERVE, allowing the intra-abdominal viscera to push the diaphragm upward against the LUNG.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011989
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) is characterized by hyperostosis of the long bones and the skull, proximal muscle weakness, limb pain, a wide-based, waddling gait, and joint contractures. Facial features such as macrocephaly, frontal bossing, enlargement of the mandible, proptosis, and cranial nerve impingement resulting in facial palsy are seen in severely affected individuals later in life.
definition: Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) is characterized by hyperostosis of the long bones and the skull, proximal muscle weakness, limb pain, a wide-based, waddling gait, and joint contractures. Facial features such as macrocephaly, frontal bossing, enlargement of the mandible, proptosis, and cranial nerve impingement resulting in facial palsy are seen in severely affected individuals later in life.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011991
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Abnormally increased frequency of loose or watery bowel movements.
definition: Abnormally increased frequency of loose or watery bowel movements.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011992
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.
definition: DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011993
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An often clinically aggressive neuroendocrine tumor located in the pancreas or small intestine. It is composed of cells containing vasoactive intestinal peptide. It may cause intractable diarrhea and metabolic disturbances.
definition: An often clinically aggressive neuroendocrine tumor located in the pancreas or small intestine. It is composed of cells containing vasoactive intestinal peptide. It may cause intractable diarrhea and metabolic disturbances.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011998
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An abnormal opening or fissure between two adjacent teeth.
definition: An abnormal opening or fissure between two adjacent teeth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0011999
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare congenital abnormality in which the spinal cord is split in half by fibrous or bony tissue. It may present as an isolated phenomenon or in association with spina bifida.
definition: A rare congenital abnormality in which the spinal cord is split in half by fibrous or bony tissue. It may present as an isolated phenomenon or in association with spina bifida.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012010
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benzodiazepine derivative with anti-anxiety, sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties. Diazepam potentiates the inhibitory activities of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by binding to the GABA receptor, located in the limbic system and the hypothalamus. This increases the frequency of chloride channel opening, allowing the flow of chloride ions into the neuron and ultimately leading to membrane hyperpolarization and a decrease in neuronal excitability.
definition: A benzodiazepine derivative with anti-anxiety, sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties. Diazepam potentiates the inhibitory activities of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by binding to the GABA receptor, located in the limbic system and the hypothalamus. This increases the frequency of chloride channel opening, allowing the flow of chloride ions into the neuron and ultimately leading to membrane hyperpolarization and a decrease in neuronal excitability.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012020
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An L-glutamine diazo analogue amino acid antibiotic isolated from a species of the bacterial genus Streptomyces with potential antineoplastic activity. Diazooxonorleucine inhibits several glutamine-dependent biosynthetic pathways involved in the syntheses of D-glucosamine phosphate, purines and pyrimidines. This agent inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase, a key enzyme for the synthesis of releasable glutamine, depleting cells of this essential amino acid and reducing their capacity to proliferate.
definition: An L-glutamine diazo analogue amino acid antibiotic isolated from a species of the bacterial genus Streptomyces with potential antineoplastic activity. Diazooxonorleucine inhibits several glutamine-dependent biosynthetic pathways involved in the syntheses of D-glucosamine phosphate, purines and pyrimidines. This agent inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase, a key enzyme for the synthesis of releasable glutamine, depleting cells of this essential amino acid and reducing their capacity to proliferate.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012022
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benzothiadiazine derivate with antihypertensive and hyperglycemic activities. Diazoxide increases membrane permeability to potassium ions in vascular smooth muscle, thereby stabilizing the membrane action potential and preventing vascular smooth muscle contraction; this results in peripheral vasodilatation and decreases in peripheral vascular resistance. This agent also inhibits insulin release by interacting with ATP-sensitive potassium channels of pancreatic islet beta-cells.
definition: A benzothiadiazine derivate with antihypertensive and hyperglycemic activities. Diazoxide increases membrane permeability to potassium ions in vascular smooth muscle, thereby stabilizing the membrane action potential and preventing vascular smooth muscle contraction; this results in peripheral vasodilatation and decreases in peripheral vascular resistance. This agent also inhibits insulin release by interacting with ATP-sensitive potassium channels of pancreatic islet beta-cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012026
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.
definition: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012032
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A family of tricyclic hydrocarbons whose members include many of the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC).
definition: A family of tricyclic hydrocarbons whose members include many of the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012049
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: At low concentrations, this compound inhibits reduction of conventional hydrophilic electron acceptors, probably acting as a plastoquinone antagonist. At higher concentrations, it acts as an electron acceptor, intercepting electrons either before or at the site of its inhibitory activity.
definition: At low concentrations, this compound inhibits reduction of conventional hydrophilic electron acceptors, probably acting as a plastoquinone antagonist. At higher concentrations, it acts as an electron acceptor, intercepting electrons either before or at the site of its inhibitory activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012050
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006)
definition: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012052
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.
definition: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012054
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
definition: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012081
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.
definition: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012082
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A nontoxic laxative vermicide of chlorinated phenol compound. Dichlorophen is used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and anti-protozoan, as well as an ingredient in antimicrobial soaps and shampoos. This agent probably acts by increasing the clearing of intestinal contents, thereby eradicating tapeworm infections from the intestines.
definition: A nontoxic laxative vermicide of chlorinated phenol compound. Dichlorophen is used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and anti-protozoan, as well as an ingredient in antimicrobial soaps and shampoos. This agent probably acts by increasing the clearing of intestinal contents, thereby eradicating tapeworm infections from the intestines.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012084
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.
definition: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012086
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.
definition: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012091
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.
definition: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012102
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection with flukes of the genus Dicrocoelium.
definition: Infection with flukes of the genus Dicrocoelium.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012118
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection with nematodes of the genus DICTYOCAULUS. In deer, cattle, sheep, and horses the bronchi are the site of infestation.
definition: Infection with nematodes of the genus DICTYOCAULUS. In deer, cattle, sheep, and horses the bronchi are the site of infestation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012125
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A carboxylic acid derivative and a selective anticholinergic with antispasmodic activity. Dicyclomine blocks acetylcholine from binding to muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle. This agent has a direct relaxing effect on smooth muscle and therefore prevents spasms in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, inhibits gastrointestinal propulsive motility, decreases gastric acid secretion and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal and bronchial secretion.
definition: A carboxylic acid derivative and a selective anticholinergic with antispasmodic activity. Dicyclomine blocks acetylcholine from binding to muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle. This agent has a direct relaxing effect on smooth muscle and therefore prevents spasms in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, inhibits gastrointestinal propulsive motility, decreases gastric acid secretion and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal and bronchial secretion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012131
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A prodrug form of didanosine, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of adenosine.
definition: A prodrug form of didanosine, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of adenosine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012132
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.
definition: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012133
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.
definition: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012145
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.
definition: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012147
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Gastrointestinal infection with organisms of the genus DIENTAMOEBA.
definition: Gastrointestinal infection with organisms of the genus DIENTAMOEBA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012154
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A phase of the ESTROUS CYCLES that follows METESTRUS. Diestrus is a period of sexual quiescence separating phases of ESTRUS in polyestrous animals.
definition: A phase of the ESTROUS CYCLES that follows METESTRUS. Diestrus is a period of sexual quiescence separating phases of ESTRUS in polyestrous animals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012156
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diets which become fashionable, but which are not necessarily nutritious.(Lehninger 1982, page 484)
definition: Diets which become fashionable, but which are not necessarily nutritious.(Lehninger 1982, page 484)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012166
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An approach to nutrition based on whole cereal grains, beans, cooked vegetables and the Chinese YIN-YANG principle. It advocates a diet consisting of organic and locally grown foods, seasonal vegetables, complex carbohydrates, and fewer fats, sugars, and chemically processed foods.
definition: An approach to nutrition based on whole cereal grains, beans, cooked vegetables and the Chinese YIN-YANG principle. It advocates a diet consisting of organic and locally grown foods, seasonal vegetables, complex carbohydrates, and fewer fats, sugars, and chemically processed foods.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012186
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.
definition: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012191
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.
definition: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012194
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sulfhydryl-containing carbamate that is the primary in vivo metabolite of disulfiram. Diethyldithiocarbamate chelates zinc, thereby inhibiting metalloproteinases, thereby preventing the degradation of the extracellular matrix and inhibiting an initial step in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. A known inhibitor of superoxide dismutase, this agent can either potentiate or protect against cell oxidative damage caused by ionizing radiation, depending on the time of administration. (NCI04)
definition: A sulfhydryl-containing carbamate that is the primary in vivo metabolite of disulfiram. Diethyldithiocarbamate chelates zinc, thereby inhibiting metalloproteinases, thereby preventing the degradation of the extracellular matrix and inhibiting an initial step in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. A known inhibitor of superoxide dismutase, this agent can either potentiate or protect against cell oxidative damage caused by ionizing radiation, depending on the time of administration. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012201
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290)
definition: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012203
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)
definition: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012227
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.
definition: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012228
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A difluorophenyl derivate of salicylic acid and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Diflunisal competitively inhibits both cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and -2, with higher affinity for COX-1, and subsequently blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin precursors. This leads to an inhibition of the formation of prostaglandins that are involved in pain, inflammation and fever. Diflunisal differs from other salicylates, in that it is not metabolized to salicylic acid, hence it has a longer half-life.
definition: A difluorophenyl derivate of salicylic acid and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Diflunisal competitively inhibits both cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and -2, with higher affinity for COX-1, and subsequently blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin precursors. This leads to an inhibition of the formation of prostaglandins that are involved in pain, inflammation and fever. Diflunisal differs from other salicylates, in that it is not metabolized to salicylic acid, hence it has a longer half-life.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012236
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have a range of findings including the following: Congenital heart disease (74% of individuals), particularly conotruncal malformations (tetralogy of Fallot, interrupted aortic arch, ventricular septal defect, and truncus arteriosus). Palatal abnormalities (69%), particularly velopharyngeal incompetence, submucosal cleft palate, bifid uvula, and cleft palate. Characteristic facial features (present in the majority of individuals of northern European heritage). Learning difficulties (70%-90%). An immune deficiency (regardless of the clinical presentation) (77%). Additional findings include the following: Hypocalcemia (50%). Significant feeding and swallowing problems; constipation with or without structural gastrointestinal anomalies (intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus, and Hirschsprung disease). Renal anomalies (31%). Hearing loss (both conductive and sensorineural). Laryngotracheoesophageal anomalies. Growth hormone deficiency. Autoimmune disorders. Seizures (idiopathic or associated with hypocalcemia). CNS anomalies including tethered cord. Skeletal abnormalities (scoliosis with or without vertebral anomalies, clubbed feet, polydactyly, and craniosynostosis). Ophthalmologic abnormalities (strabismus, posterior embryotoxon, tortuous retinal vessels, scleracornea, and anophthalmia). Enamel hypoplasia. Malignancies (rare). Developmental delay (in particular delays in emergence of language), intellectual disability, and learning differences (non-verbal learning disability where the verbal IQ is significantly greater than the performance IQ) are common. Autism or autistic spectrum disorder is found in approximately 20% of children and psychiatric illness (specifically schizophrenia) is present in 25% of adults; however, attention deficit disorder, anxiety, perseveration, and difficulty with social interactions are also common.
definition: Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have a range of findings including the following: Congenital heart disease (74% of individuals), particularly conotruncal malformations (tetralogy of Fallot, interrupted aortic arch, ventricular septal defect, and truncus arteriosus). Palatal abnormalities (69%), particularly velopharyngeal incompetence, submucosal cleft palate, bifid uvula, and cleft palate. Characteristic facial features (present in the majority of individuals of northern European heritage). Learning difficulties (70%-90%). An immune deficiency (regardless of the clinical presentation) (77%). Additional findings include the following: Hypocalcemia (50%). Significant feeding and swallowing problems; constipation with or without structural gastrointestinal anomalies (intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus, and Hirschsprung disease). Renal anomalies (31%). Hearing loss (both conductive and sensorineural). Laryngotracheoesophageal anomalies. Growth hormone deficiency. Autoimmune disorders. Seizures (idiopathic or associated with hypocalcemia). CNS anomalies including tethered cord. Skeletal abnormalities (scoliosis with or without vertebral anomalies, clubbed feet, polydactyly, and craniosynostosis). Ophthalmologic abnormalities (strabismus, posterior embryotoxon, tortuous retinal vessels, scleracornea, and anophthalmia). Enamel hypoplasia. Malignancies (rare). Developmental delay (in particular delays in emergence of language), intellectual disability, and learning differences (non-verbal learning disability where the verbal IQ is significantly greater than the performance IQ) are common. Autism or autistic spectrum disorder is found in approximately 20% of children and psychiatric illness (specifically schizophrenia) is present in 25% of adults; however, attention deficit disorder, anxiety, perseveration, and difficulty with social interactions are also common.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012237
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An agent that favors or assists the process of digestion.
definition: An agent that favors or assists the process of digestion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012242
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract.
definition: An abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012243
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
definition: Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012253
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Glycosides from plants of the genus DIGITALIS. Some of these are useful as cardiotonic and anti-arrhythmia agents. Included also are semi-synthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring glycosides. The term has sometimes been used more broadly to include all CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, but here is restricted to those related to Digitalis.
definition: Glycosides from plants of the genus DIGITALIS. Some of these are useful as cardiotonic and anti-arrhythmia agents. Included also are semi-synthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring glycosides. The term has sometimes been used more broadly to include all CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, but here is restricted to those related to Digitalis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012257
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.
definition: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012258
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665)
definition: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012264
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
definition: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012265
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A cardiac glycoside. Digoxin inhibits the sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) pump, thereby increasing intracellular calcium and enhancing cardiac contractility. This agent also acts directly on the atrioventricular node to suppress conduction, thereby slowing conduction velocity. Apparently due to its effects on intracellular calcium concentrations, digoxin induces apoptosis of tumor cells via a pathway involving mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspases 8 and 3. (NCI04)
definition: A cardiac glycoside. Digoxin inhibits the sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) pump, thereby increasing intracellular calcium and enhancing cardiac contractility. This agent also acts directly on the atrioventricular node to suppress conduction, thereby slowing conduction velocity. Apparently due to its effects on intracellular calcium concentrations, digoxin induces apoptosis of tumor cells via a pathway involving mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspases 8 and 3. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012271
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)
definition: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012273
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.
definition: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012278
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.
definition: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012288
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains isopropyl sidechains at the 2' and 5' positions of the molecule.
definition: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains isopropyl sidechains at the 2' and 5' positions of the molecule.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012289
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position of the molecule.
definition: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position of the molecule.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012290
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position and an alpha-isobutyl sidechain at 5'alpha position of the molecule.
definition: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position and an alpha-isobutyl sidechain at 5'alpha position of the molecule.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012291
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
definition: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012294
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.
definition: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012305
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.
definition: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012306
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.
definition: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012315
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.
definition: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012319
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.
definition: A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012322
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent.
definition: A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012328
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Cholecalciferols substituted with two hydroxy groups in any position.
definition: Cholecalciferols substituted with two hydroxy groups in any position.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012338
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in any position. Some are cytotoxic serotonin analogs that are preferentially taken up by serotonergic neurons and then destroy those neurons.
definition: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in any position. Some are cytotoxic serotonin analogs that are preferentially taken up by serotonergic neurons and then destroy those neurons.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012341
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.
definition: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012359
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pathophysiological process characterized by the dilatation or expansion of a hollow, tubular tissue or organ.
definition: A pathophysiological process characterized by the dilatation or expansion of a hollow, tubular tissue or organ.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012367
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.
definition: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012373
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benzothiazepine derivative with anti-hypertensive, antiarrhythmic properties. Diltiazem blocks voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the blood vessels, by inhibiting the ion-control gating mechanisms, thereby preventing calcium levels increase by other revenues. Alternatively, it has been suggested that this agent also interferes with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across both the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes. The overall low calcium levels leads to dilatation of the main coronary and systemic arteries and decreasing myocardial contractility, decreased peripheral arterial resistance, improved oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, and decreased cardiac output.
definition: A benzothiazepine derivative with anti-hypertensive, antiarrhythmic properties. Diltiazem blocks voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the blood vessels, by inhibiting the ion-control gating mechanisms, thereby preventing calcium levels increase by other revenues. Alternatively, it has been suggested that this agent also interferes with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across both the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes. The overall low calcium levels leads to dilatation of the main coronary and systemic arteries and decreasing myocardial contractility, decreased peripheral arterial resistance, improved oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, and decreased cardiac output.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012381
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A drug combination that contains diphenhydramine and theophylline. It is used for treating VERTIGO, MOTION SICKNESS, and NAUSEA associated with PREGNANCY.
definition: A drug combination that contains diphenhydramine and theophylline. It is used for treating VERTIGO, MOTION SICKNESS, and NAUSEA associated with PREGNANCY.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012383
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A metal chelating agent that is used as an antidote in arsenic, gold, lead, mercury and other heavy metal poisoning. Metals form ligands in the body with the sulfhydryl groups of the pyruvate-oxidase enzyme system. This leads to an inhibition of the normal functioning of these enzymes that are dependent on free sulfhydryl groups for their activity. Dimercaprol reverses the enzyme inhibition by chelating the metal and regenerates free sulfhydryl groups, thereby preventing and reversing the metals toxic effects.
definition: A metal chelating agent that is used as an antidote in arsenic, gold, lead, mercury and other heavy metal poisoning. Metals form ligands in the body with the sulfhydryl groups of the pyruvate-oxidase enzyme system. This leads to an inhibition of the normal functioning of these enzymes that are dependent on free sulfhydryl groups for their activity. Dimercaprol reverses the enzyme inhibition by chelating the metal and regenerates free sulfhydryl groups, thereby preventing and reversing the metals toxic effects.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012384
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.
definition: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012386
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.
definition: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012390
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies.
definition: A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012391
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic progestational hormone without significant estrogenic or androgenic properties. It was formerly used as the progestational component in oral sequential contraceptives.
definition: A synthetic progestational hormone without significant estrogenic or androgenic properties. It was formerly used as the progestational component in oral sequential contraceptives.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012403
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A highly polar organic liquid that is used widely as a chemical solvent and a free radical scavenger. It shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect cells and tissue during cryopreservation and has been used to treat extravasation damage caused by anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
definition: A highly polar organic liquid that is used widely as a chemical solvent and a free radical scavenger. It shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect cells and tissue during cryopreservation and has been used to treat extravasation damage caused by anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012422
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.
definition: A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012444
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A compound used to treat histomoniasis in poultry.
definition: A compound used to treat histomoniasis in poultry.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012446
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.
definition: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012447
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An effective trypanocidal agent.
definition: An effective trypanocidal agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012456
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A myristoylated phosphatidylcholine, and a synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers with drug delivery property.
definition: A myristoylated phosphatidylcholine, and a synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers with drug delivery property.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012458
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A coccidiostat for poultry.
definition: A coccidiostat for poultry.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012471
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.
definition: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012472
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analogue with smooth muscle contraction inducing property. It has been suggested that PGE2 regulates the intracellular levels of cyclic 3, 5-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by activating adenylate cyclase and thereby increases cellular membrane calcium ion transport. By acting directly on the myometrium, dinoprostone induces uterine and gastrointestinal smooth muscle contractions.
definition: A synthetic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analogue with smooth muscle contraction inducing property. It has been suggested that PGE2 regulates the intracellular levels of cyclic 3, 5-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by activating adenylate cyclase and thereby increases cellular membrane calcium ion transport. By acting directly on the myometrium, dinoprostone induces uterine and gastrointestinal smooth muscle contractions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012484
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.
definition: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012498
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A bioflavonoid that strengthens vascular walls.
definition: A bioflavonoid that strengthens vascular walls.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012517
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A parasitic infection caused by genus of filarial worms called Dipetalonema. It produces microfilariae in the blood and body fluids.
definition: A parasitic infection caused by genus of filarial worms called Dipetalonema. It produces microfilariae in the blood and body fluids.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012522
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A first generation antihistamine and ethanolamine with sedative and anti-allergic properties. Diphenhydramine competitively inhibits the histamine-1 (H1) receptor, thereby alleviating the symptoms caused by endogenous histamine on bronchial, capillary and gastrointestinal smooth muscles. This prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and GI smooth muscle spasms.
definition: A first generation antihistamine and ethanolamine with sedative and anti-allergic properties. Diphenhydramine competitively inhibits the histamine-1 (H1) receptor, thereby alleviating the symptoms caused by endogenous histamine on bronchial, capillary and gastrointestinal smooth muscles. This prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and GI smooth muscle spasms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012525
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.
definition: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012528
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.
definition: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012544
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents.
definition: Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012546
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A Gram-positive bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It usually involves the oral cavity, pharynx, and nasal cavity. Patients develop pseudomembranes in the affected areas and manifest signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. The diphtheria toxin may cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic effects.
definition: A Gram-positive bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It usually involves the oral cavity, pharynx, and nasal cavity. Patients develop pseudomembranes in the affected areas and manifest signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. The diphtheria toxin may cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic effects.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012547
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antitoxin produced against the toxin of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE that is used for the treatment of DIPHTHERIA.
definition: An antitoxin produced against the toxin of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE that is used for the treatment of DIPHTHERIA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012551
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment.
definition: The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012553
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Infection of the anterior nasal structures by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
definition: Infection of the anterior nasal structures by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012554
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Pseudomembranous colitis resulting from infection by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
definition: Pseudomembranous colitis resulting from infection by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012555
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A usually mild form of diphtheria characterized by infection of the skin by corynebacterium diphtheria and the resulting formation of a chronic, shallow ulcer that is sometimes bordered or followed by a bulla.
definition: A usually mild form of diphtheria characterized by infection of the skin by corynebacterium diphtheria and the resulting formation of a chronic, shallow ulcer that is sometimes bordered or followed by a bulla.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012556
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Infection of the fauces by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
definition: Infection of the fauces by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012557
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Infection of the larynx by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
definition: Infection of the larynx by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012558
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Infection of the nasopharynx by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
definition: Infection of the nasopharynx by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012561
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infection that is caused by the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum and related species; it is transmitted via consumption of raw or undercooked fish, and symptoms include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, weight loss, and vitamin B12 deficiency.
definition: An infection that is caused by the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum and related species; it is transmitted via consumption of raw or undercooked fish, and symptoms include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, weight loss, and vitamin B12 deficiency.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012569
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.
definition: A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012572
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.
definition: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012582
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)
definition: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012586
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.
definition: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012602
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.
definition: Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012624
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inflammation of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps not the promoter, of most cases of discitis. Discitis has been diagnosed in patients following discography, myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially with chymopapain) is attributed to chemical reaction by some and to introduction of microorganisms by others.
definition: Inflammation of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps not the promoter, of most cases of discitis. Discitis has been diagnosed in patients following discography, myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially with chymopapain) is attributed to chemical reaction by some and to introduction of microorganisms by others.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012628
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A type of constriction that is caused by the presence of a fibrous ring (discrete type) below the AORTIC VALVE, anywhere between the aortic valve and the MITRAL VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.
definition: A type of constriction that is caused by the presence of a fibrous ring (discrete type) below the AORTIC VALVE, anywhere between the aortic valve and the MITRAL VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012634
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.
definition: A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012675
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.
definition: Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012694
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.
definition: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012695
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The disodium salt form of edetate, a heavy metal chelating agent with anti-hypercalcemic and anti-arrhythmic properties. Edetate, a heavy metal antagonist, chelates divalent and trivalent metals, forming soluble stable complexes which are readily excreted by the kidneys, thereby can be used to lower serum calcium concentrations. In addition, this agent exerts a negative inotropic effect on the heart through a transiently induced hypocalcemic state, thereby antagonizing the inotropic and chronotropic effects of digitalis glycosides on the ventricles of the heart. Upon ocular administration, edetate exerts its ophthalmic effect by chelating calcium to form soluble complexes, thereby removing corneal calcium deposits.
definition: The disodium salt form of edetate, a heavy metal chelating agent with anti-hypercalcemic and anti-arrhythmic properties. Edetate, a heavy metal antagonist, chelates divalent and trivalent metals, forming soluble stable complexes which are readily excreted by the kidneys, thereby can be used to lower serum calcium concentrations. In addition, this agent exerts a negative inotropic effect on the heart through a transiently induced hypocalcemic state, thereby antagonizing the inotropic and chronotropic effects of digitalis glycosides on the ventricles of the heart. Upon ocular administration, edetate exerts its ophthalmic effect by chelating calcium to form soluble complexes, thereby removing corneal calcium deposits.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012702
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.
definition: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012715
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)
definition: Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012734
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A classification of disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) that are usually diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence and are characterized by an individual's inability to behave in a cooperative manner.
definition: A classification of disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) that are usually diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence and are characterized by an individual's inability to behave in a cooperative manner.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012736
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A dissecting aneurysm formed between the intimal and medial layers of the aortic wall due to a tear in the tunica intima.
definition: A dissecting aneurysm formed between the intimal and medial layers of the aortic wall due to a tear in the tunica intima.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012739
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.
definition: A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012746
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, and/or perception of the environment.
definition: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, and/or perception of the environment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012754
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A name for several highly contagious viral diseases of animals, especially canine distemper. In dogs, it is caused by the canine distemper virus (DISTEMPER VIRUS, CANINE). It is characterized by a diphasic fever, leukopenia, gastrointestinal and respiratory inflammation and sometimes, neurologic complications. In cats it is known as FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA.
definition: A name for several highly contagious viral diseases of animals, especially canine distemper. In dogs, it is caused by the canine distemper virus (DISTEMPER VIRUS, CANINE). It is characterized by a diphasic fever, leukopenia, gastrointestinal and respiratory inflammation and sometimes, neurologic complications. In cats it is known as FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012766
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Disruption of the normal functioning of the sensory nerves in the skin.
definition: Disruption of the normal functioning of the sensory nerves in the skin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012767
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormality of tooth eruption.
definition: An abnormality of tooth eruption.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012772
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.
definition: A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012783
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.
definition: 3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012789
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols.
definition: A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012790
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Chelating agent used for heavy metal poisoning and assay. It causes diabetes.
definition: Chelating agent used for heavy metal poisoning and assay. It causes diabetes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012792
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The chloride salt form of succinylcholine, a quaternary ammonium compound and depolarizing agent with short-term muscle relaxant properties. Succinylcholine chloride binds to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction and opening the ligand-gated channels in the same way as acetylcholine, resulting in depolarization and inhibition of neuromuscular transmission. Depolarization may be prolonged due to succinylcholine's resistance to acetylcholinesterases thereby leading to disorganized muscle contraction followed by skeletal muscle relaxation and flaccid paralysis.
definition: The chloride salt form of succinylcholine, a quaternary ammonium compound and depolarizing agent with short-term muscle relaxant properties. Succinylcholine chloride binds to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction and opening the ligand-gated channels in the same way as acetylcholine, resulting in depolarization and inhibition of neuromuscular transmission. Depolarization may be prolonged due to succinylcholine's resistance to acetylcholinesterases thereby leading to disorganized muscle contraction followed by skeletal muscle relaxation and flaccid paralysis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012798
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A class of agents that increases the production of urine by the kidney. Via various mechanism of actions, diuretics retain water in urine, thus provides a means of forced diuresis.
definition: A class of agents that increases the production of urine by the kidney. Via various mechanism of actions, diuretics retain water in urine, thus provides a means of forced diuresis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012800
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds that increase urine volume by increasing the amount of osmotically active solute in the urine. Osmotic diuretics also increase the osmolarity of plasma.
definition: Compounds that increase urine volume by increasing the amount of osmotically active solute in the urine. Osmotic diuretics also increase the osmolarity of plasma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012802
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any benzothiadiazide derivative or other thiazide-like agent with diuretic and anti-hypertensive activity. Thiazide diuretics inhibit the sodium-chloride transporter in the distal tubule in the kidneys, thereby suppressing sodium and chloride reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and increasing the excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water. In addition, thiazide diuretics decrease excretion of calcium and uric acid. These agents cause vasodilation possibly by activating calcium-activated potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue.
definition: Any benzothiadiazide derivative or other thiazide-like agent with diuretic and anti-hypertensive activity. Thiazide diuretics inhibit the sodium-chloride transporter in the distal tubule in the kidneys, thereby suppressing sodium and chloride reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and increasing the excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water. In addition, thiazide diuretics decrease excretion of calcium and uric acid. These agents cause vasodilation possibly by activating calcium-activated potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012811
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: The presence of multiple diverticula of the colon.
definition: The presence of multiple diverticula of the colon.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012813
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infection that develops in the diverticula of the intestinal tract. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis.
definition: An infection that develops in the diverticula of the intestinal tract. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012814
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inflammation of the COLONIC DIVERTICULA, generally with abscess formation and subsequent perforation.
definition: Inflammation of the COLONIC DIVERTICULA, generally with abscess formation and subsequent perforation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012817
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pouch formed at a weakened area of wall in a hollow organ structure.
definition: A pouch formed at a weakened area of wall in a hollow organ structure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012819
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pathological condition characterized by the presence of a number of COLONIC DIVERTICULA in the COLON. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including colon aging, motor dysfunction, increases in intraluminal pressure, and lack of dietary fibers.
definition: A pathological condition characterized by the presence of a number of COLONIC DIVERTICULA in the COLON. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including colon aging, motor dysfunction, increases in intraluminal pressure, and lack of dietary fibers.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012833
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sensation of lightheadedness, unsteadiness, turning, spinning or rocking.
definition: A sensation of lightheadedness, unsteadiness, turning, spinning or rocking.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012847
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.
definition: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012860
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Drug-, radiation-induced, or spontaneous injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal double-helical conformation. These changes include structural distortions that interfere with replication and transcription, as well as point mutations that disrupt base pairs and exert damaging effects on future generations through changes in DNA sequence. If the damage is minor, it can often be repaired (DNA repair); extensive damage can induce apoptosis.
definition: Drug-, radiation-induced, or spontaneous injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal double-helical conformation. These changes include structural distortions that interfere with replication and transcription, as well as point mutations that disrupt base pairs and exert damaging effects on future generations through changes in DNA sequence. If the damage is minor, it can often be repaired (DNA repair); extensive damage can induce apoptosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012922
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases caused by DNA VIRUSES.
definition: Diseases caused by DNA VIRUSES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012963
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.
definition: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012968
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: C22-unsaturated fatty acids found predominantly in FISH OILS.
definition: C22-unsaturated fatty acids found predominantly in FISH OILS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0012979
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
definition: Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013015
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A peripheral-specific antagonist of the dopamine receptor D2 (D2R), with antiemetic, gastrokinetic and galactagogue activities. Following administration, domperidone binds to D2R expressed by peripheral neurons; this inhibits dopamine binding and D2R-mediated signaling. Inhibition of peripheral D2R signaling prevents or relieves various gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, and may help relief reflux and symptoms of a variety of other upper GI disorders.
definition: A peripheral-specific antagonist of the dopamine receptor D2 (D2R), with antiemetic, gastrokinetic and galactagogue activities. Following administration, domperidone binds to D2R expressed by peripheral neurons; this inhibits dopamine binding and D2R-mediated signaling. Inhibition of peripheral D2R signaling prevents or relieves various gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, and may help relief reflux and symptoms of a variety of other upper GI disorders.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013023
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.
definition: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013030
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A monoamine compound with positive inotropic activity. Dopamine is a naturally occurring catecholamine formed by decarboxylation of dehydroxyphenylalanine and a precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine binds to alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenergic receptors. Mediated through myocardial beta-1 adrenergic receptors, dopamine increase heart rate and force, thereby increasing cardiac output. Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor stimulation on vascular smooth muscle, leads to vasoconstriction and results in an increase in systemic vascular resistance. Stimulation of dopaminergic receptors in renal vasculature, leads to renal blood vessel dilation, and an increase in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, sodium excretion, and urine output.
definition: A monoamine compound with positive inotropic activity. Dopamine is a naturally occurring catecholamine formed by decarboxylation of dehydroxyphenylalanine and a precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine binds to alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenergic receptors. Mediated through myocardial beta-1 adrenergic receptors, dopamine increase heart rate and force, thereby increasing cardiac output. Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor stimulation on vascular smooth muscle, leads to vasoconstriction and results in an increase in systemic vascular resistance. Stimulation of dopaminergic receptors in renal vasculature, leads to renal blood vessel dilation, and an increase in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, sodium excretion, and urine output.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013036
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Any drugs that are used for their effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.
definition: Any drugs that are used for their effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013065
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.
definition: A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013069
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare congenital cardiovascular abnormality in which both the aorta and the pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle.
definition: A rare congenital cardiovascular abnormality in which both the aorta and the pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013076
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disease of horses and donkeys caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum. The disease occurs in Africa, the Americas, and Asia.
definition: A disease of horses and donkeys caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum. The disease occurs in Africa, the Americas, and Asia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013080
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Down syndrome, the most frequent form of mental retardation caused by a microscopically demonstrable chromosomal aberration, is characterized by well-defined and distinctive phenotypic features and natural history. It is caused by triplicate state (trisomy) of all or a critical portion of chromosome 21.
definition: Down syndrome, the most frequent form of mental retardation caused by a microscopically demonstrable chromosomal aberration, is characterized by well-defined and distinctive phenotypic features and natural history. It is caused by triplicate state (trisomy) of all or a critical portion of chromosome 21.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013081
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.
definition: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013084
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225)
definition: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013085
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A dibenzoxepin derivative and tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) with antipruritic, antidepressive and anxiolytic activities. Doxepin blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) into presynaptic terminals thereby prolonging the availability of the monoaminergic neurotransmitters within the synaptic cleft and enhancing their neurotransmission. Doxepin also has antagonistic effects on histamine H1, 5-HT2, alpha-1 adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors. The antipruritic effect of this agent is mediated through inhibition of histamine receptors.
definition: A dibenzoxepin derivative and tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) with antipruritic, antidepressive and anxiolytic activities. Doxepin blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) into presynaptic terminals thereby prolonging the availability of the monoaminergic neurotransmitters within the synaptic cleft and enhancing their neurotransmission. Doxepin also has antagonistic effects on histamine H1, 5-HT2, alpha-1 adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors. The antipruritic effect of this agent is mediated through inhibition of histamine receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013092
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A first generation ethanolamine with antiinflammatory, sedative and antihistamine properties. Doxylamine competitively inhibits the histamine 1 (H1) receptor, thereby preventing the action of endogenous histamine as well as the subsequent release of pro-inflammatory mediators from basophils and mast cells. This agent acts as an inverse agonist that combines with, and stabilizes the inactive form of the H1-receptor, shifting the H1 receptor equilibrium toward the inactive state. This results in downregulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and NF-kappaB dependent antigen presentation, chemotaxis, as well as expression of cell-adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
definition: A first generation ethanolamine with antiinflammatory, sedative and antihistamine properties. Doxylamine competitively inhibits the histamine 1 (H1) receptor, thereby preventing the action of endogenous histamine as well as the subsequent release of pro-inflammatory mediators from basophils and mast cells. This agent acts as an inverse agonist that combines with, and stabilizes the inactive form of the H1-receptor, shifting the H1 receptor equilibrium toward the inactive state. This results in downregulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and NF-kappaB dependent antigen presentation, chemotaxis, as well as expression of cell-adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013100
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A parasitic infection caused by Dracunculus medinensis. It is caused by drinking water contaminated with water fleas. The larvae enter the body through the intestine. Signs and symptoms include pain, edema, blisters, and ulcers.
definition: A parasitic infection caused by Dracunculus medinensis. It is caused by drinking water contaminated with water fleas. The larvae enter the body through the intestine. Signs and symptoms include pain, edema, blisters, and ulcers.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013132
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Habitual flow of saliva out of the mouth.
definition: Habitual flow of saliva out of the mouth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013136
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A butyrophenone with anti-emetic, sedative and anti-anxiety properties. Although the exact mechanism through which droperidol exerts its effects is unknown, droperidol may block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), which may lead to its anti-emetic effect. This agent may also bind to postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), which increases the inhibitory effect of GABA and leads to sedative and anti-anxiety activities.
definition: A butyrophenone with anti-emetic, sedative and anti-anxiety properties. Although the exact mechanism through which droperidol exerts its effects is unknown, droperidol may block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), which may lead to its anti-emetic effect. This agent may also bind to postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), which increases the inhibitory effect of GABA and leads to sedative and anti-anxiety activities.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013144
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Excessive daytime sleepiness.
definition: Excessive daytime sleepiness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013146
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed.
definition: The use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013159
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Phenomena and pharmaceutics of compounds that inhibit the function of agonists (DRUG AGONISM) and inverse agonists (DRUG INVERSE AGONISM) for a specific receptor. On their own, antagonists produce no effect by themselves to a receptor, and are said to have neither intrinsic activity nor efficacy.
definition: Phenomena and pharmaceutics of compounds that inhibit the function of agonists (DRUG AGONISM) and inverse agonists (DRUG INVERSE AGONISM) for a specific receptor. On their own, antagonists produce no effect by themselves to a receptor, and are said to have neither intrinsic activity nor efficacy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013162
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.
definition: Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013170
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: process whereby an individual's response to a drug lessens with repeated use.
definition: process whereby an individual's response to a drug lessens with repeated use.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013182
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.
definition: Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013215
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.
definition: The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013220
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A reduction in the sensitivity to a drug following its repeated administration, in which increased doses are required to produce the same magnitude of effect previously produced by a smaller dose. This increase in dose may be necessitated by changes in the metabolism of the drug, or a cellular, physiological or behavioral adaptation to the effects of the drug.
definition: A reduction in the sensitivity to a drug following its repeated administration, in which increased doses are required to produce the same magnitude of effect previously produced by a smaller dose. This increase in dose may be necessitated by changes in the metabolism of the drug, or a cellular, physiological or behavioral adaptation to the effects of the drug.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013227
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A drug product that contains one or more active and/or inactive ingredients; it is intended to treat, prevent or alleviate the symptoms of disease. This term does not refer to the individual ingredients that make up the product.
definition: A drug product that contains one or more active and/or inactive ingredients; it is intended to treat, prevent or alleviate the symptoms of disease. This term does not refer to the individual ingredients that make up the product.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013229
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.
definition: Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013230
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A new drug or biological drug that is used in a clinical investigation. The term also includes a biological product that is used in vitro for diagnostic purposes.
definition: A new drug or biological drug that is used in a clinical investigation. The term also includes a biological product that is used in vitro for diagnostic purposes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013231
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A medicine or device that can be bought without a doctor's order or prescription.
definition: A medicine or device that can be bought without a doctor's order or prescription.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013232
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A compound or product that demonstrates promise for the diagnosis and/or treatment of rare diseases and conditions that affect fewer than 200,000 people. The U.S. Orphan Drug Act (1983) encourages development of these therapeutics by tax breaks and a seven-year monopoly on drug sales. These incentives promote the development and manufacturing of such therapeutics, which otherwise might not be profitable because of the small potential market.
definition: A compound or product that demonstrates promise for the diagnosis and/or treatment of rare diseases and conditions that affect fewer than 200,000 people. The U.S. Orphan Drug Act (1983) encourages development of these therapeutics by tax breaks and a seven-year monopoly on drug sales. These incentives promote the development and manufacturing of such therapeutics, which otherwise might not be profitable because of the small potential market.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013238
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A syndrome characterized by dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva. It is usually caused by a deficiency in tear production. Symptoms include a feeling of burning eyes and a possible foreign body presence in the eye.
definition: A syndrome characterized by dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva. It is usually caused by a deficiency in tear production. Symptoms include a feeling of burning eyes and a possible foreign body presence in the eye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013240
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition sometimes occurring after tooth extraction, particularly after traumatic extraction, resulting in a dry appearance of the exposed bone in the socket, due to disintegration or loss of the blood clot. It is basically a focal osteomyelitis without suppuration and is accompanied by severe pain (alveolalgia) and foul odor. (Dorland, 28th ed)
definition: A condition sometimes occurring after tooth extraction, particularly after traumatic extraction, resulting in a dry appearance of the exposed bone in the socket, due to disintegration or loss of the blood clot. It is basically a focal osteomyelitis without suppuration and is accompanied by severe pain (alveolalgia) and foul odor. (Dorland, 28th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013254
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An edetate and a chelating agent used in preparing radiopharmaceuticals. Pentetic acid (DTPA) has strong affinity for iron but also shows affinities for other heavy metals, thereby is used in the treatment of iron-storage disease and poisoning from heavy and radioactive metals. DTPA may chelate metallic moieties of unbound, extracellular radioimmunotherapeutics, thereby aggregating radioimmunotherapeutics locally to higher concentrations, and improving tumor cell radiocytotoxicity, while sparing normal tissues from the radiocytotoxic effects. In addition, DTPA is used in radioimaing procedures when complexes with radioisotopes, ex., Tc 99m or In 111.
definition: An edetate and a chelating agent used in preparing radiopharmaceuticals. Pentetic acid (DTPA) has strong affinity for iron but also shows affinities for other heavy metals, thereby is used in the treatment of iron-storage disease and poisoning from heavy and radioactive metals. DTPA may chelate metallic moieties of unbound, extracellular radioimmunotherapeutics, thereby aggregating radioimmunotherapeutics locally to higher concentrations, and improving tumor cell radiocytotoxicity, while sparing normal tissues from the radiocytotoxic effects. In addition, DTPA is used in radioimaing procedures when complexes with radioisotopes, ex., Tc 99m or In 111.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013261
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Duane syndrome is a strabismus syndrome characterized by congenital non-progressive horizontal ophthalmoplegia (inability to move the eyes) primarily affecting the abducens nucleus and nerve and its innervated extraocular muscle, the lateral rectus muscle. At birth, affected infants have restricted ability to move the affected eye(s) outward (abduction) and/or inward (adduction). In addition, the globe retracts into the orbit with attempted adduction, accompanied by narrowing of the palpebral fissure. Most individuals with Duane syndrome have strabismus in primary gaze but can use a compensatory head position to align the eyes, and thus can preserve single binocular vision and avoid diplopia. Individuals with Duane syndrome who lack binocular vision are at risk for amblyopia. Approximately 70% of individuals with Duane syndrome have isolated Duane syndrome (i.e., they do not have other detected congenital anomalies).
definition: Duane syndrome is a strabismus syndrome characterized by congenital non-progressive horizontal ophthalmoplegia (inability to move the eyes) primarily affecting the abducens nucleus and nerve and its innervated extraocular muscle, the lateral rectus muscle. At birth, affected infants have restricted ability to move the affected eye(s) outward (abduction) and/or inward (adduction). In addition, the globe retracts into the orbit with attempted adduction, accompanied by narrowing of the palpebral fissure. Most individuals with Duane syndrome have strabismus in primary gaze but can use a compensatory head position to align the eyes, and thus can preserve single binocular vision and avoid diplopia. Individuals with Duane syndrome who lack binocular vision are at risk for amblyopia. Approximately 70% of individuals with Duane syndrome have isolated Duane syndrome (i.e., they do not have other detected congenital anomalies).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013264
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: The dystrophinopathies cover a spectrum of X-linked muscle disease ranging from mild to severe that includes Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and DMD-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The mild end of the spectrum includes the phenotypes of asymptomatic increase in serum concentration of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and muscle cramps with myoglobinuria. The severe end of the spectrum includes progressive muscle diseases that are classified as Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy when skeletal muscle is primarily affected and as DMD-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) when the heart is primarily affected. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) usually presents in early childhood with delayed motor milestones including delays in walking independently and standing up from a supine position. Proximal weakness causes a waddling gait and difficulty climbing stairs, running, jumping, and standing up from a squatting position. DMD is rapidly progressive, with affected children being wheelchair dependent by age 12 years. Cardiomyopathy occurs in almost all individuals with DMD after age 18 years. Few survive beyond the third decade, with respiratory complications and progressive cardiomyopathy being common causes of death. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is characterized by later-onset skeletal muscle weakness. With improved diagnostic techniques, it has been recognized that the mild end of the spectrum includes men with onset of symptoms after age 30 years who remain ambulatory even into their 60s. Despite the milder skeletal muscle involvement, heart failure from DCM is a common cause of morbidity and the most common cause of death in BMD. Mean age of death is in the mid-40s. DMD-associated DCM is characterized by left ventricular dilation and congestive heart failure. Females heterozygous for a DMD pathogenic variant are at increased risk for DCM.
definition: The dystrophinopathies cover a spectrum of X-linked muscle disease ranging from mild to severe that includes Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and DMD-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The mild end of the spectrum includes the phenotypes of asymptomatic increase in serum concentration of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and muscle cramps with myoglobinuria. The severe end of the spectrum includes progressive muscle diseases that are classified as Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy when skeletal muscle is primarily affected and as DMD-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) when the heart is primarily affected. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) usually presents in early childhood with delayed motor milestones including delays in walking independently and standing up from a supine position. Proximal weakness causes a waddling gait and difficulty climbing stairs, running, jumping, and standing up from a squatting position. DMD is rapidly progressive, with affected children being wheelchair dependent by age 12 years. Cardiomyopathy occurs in almost all individuals with DMD after age 18 years. Few survive beyond the third decade, with respiratory complications and progressive cardiomyopathy being common causes of death. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is characterized by later-onset skeletal muscle weakness. With improved diagnostic techniques, it has been recognized that the mild end of the spectrum includes men with onset of symptoms after age 30 years who remain ambulatory even into their 60s. Despite the milder skeletal muscle involvement, heart failure from DCM is a common cause of morbidity and the most common cause of death in BMD. Mean age of death is in the mid-40s. DMD-associated DCM is characterized by left ventricular dilation and congestive heart failure. Females heterozygous for a DMD pathogenic variant are at increased risk for DCM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013274
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital defect characterized by the failure of the ductus arteriosus to close soon after birth. As a consequence, blood from the aorta mixes with blood from the pulmonary artery. If untreated, it may lead to congestive heart failure.
definition: A congenital defect characterized by the failure of the ductus arteriosus to close soon after birth. As a consequence, blood from the aorta mixes with blood from the pulmonary artery. If untreated, it may lead to congestive heart failure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013288
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. It is typically caused by the rapid emptying of undigested food from the stomach to the small intestine following gastroesophageal surgery but may be seen secondary to diabetes or the use of certain medications. Clinical signs may be seen 30-60 minutes after eating (early dumping): cramping, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea or they may be seen 1-3 hours later as a result of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (late dumping): sweating, dizziness, confusion and heart palpitations. Untreated, the clinical course progresses to malnutrition and weight loss.
definition: A disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. It is typically caused by the rapid emptying of undigested food from the stomach to the small intestine following gastroesophageal surgery but may be seen secondary to diabetes or the use of certain medications. Clinical signs may be seen 30-60 minutes after eating (early dumping): cramping, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea or they may be seen 1-3 hours later as a result of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (late dumping): sweating, dizziness, confusion and heart palpitations. Untreated, the clinical course progresses to malnutrition and weight loss.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013289
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).
definition: Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013291
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the wall of the duodenum. Representative examples include adenoma, carcinoma, and lymphoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the wall of the duodenum. Representative examples include adenoma, carcinoma, and lymphoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013292
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Blockage of the normal flow of stomach contents through the duodenum.
definition: Blockage of the normal flow of stomach contents through the duodenum.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013295
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.
definition: A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013298
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Acute or chronic inflammation of the duodenum. Causes include bacterial and viral infections and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Symptoms include vomiting and abdominal pain.
definition: Acute or chronic inflammation of the duodenum. Causes include bacterial and viral infections and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Symptoms include vomiting and abdominal pain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013299
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Retrograde flow of duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the STOMACH.
definition: Retrograde flow of duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the STOMACH.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013312
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Dupuytren contracture is the most common heritable disorder of connective tissue. It is a disease of the soft tissues of the palm and fingers characterized by a progressive thickening and shortening of the fascial structures that normally provide support to the glabrous skin of the palm. Although it can also be a sporadic disorder, the inherited form is most frequently observed among people of Nordic descent. There is a male: female ratio of greater than 3:1 (Hu et al., 2005). Dupuytren contracture has been associated with multiple fibroproliferative conditions, including Peyronie disease (171000), knuckle pads (149100), congenital generalized fibromatosis (228550), juvenile fibromatosis (228600), and frozen shoulder, suggesting a common underlying defect in wound repair (Hu et al., 2005).
definition: Dupuytren contracture is the most common heritable disorder of connective tissue. It is a disease of the soft tissues of the palm and fingers characterized by a progressive thickening and shortening of the fascial structures that normally provide support to the glabrous skin of the palm. Although it can also be a sporadic disorder, the inherited form is most frequently observed among people of Nordic descent. There is a male: female ratio of greater than 3:1 (Hu et al., 2005). Dupuytren contracture has been associated with multiple fibroproliferative conditions, including Peyronie disease (171000), knuckle pads (149100), congenital generalized fibromatosis (228550), juvenile fibromatosis (228600), and frozen shoulder, suggesting a common underlying defect in wound repair (Hu et al., 2005).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013336
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.
definition: A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013338
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.
definition: A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013340
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic progestational hormone with no androgenic or estrogenic properties. Unlike many other progestational compounds, dydrogesterone produces no increase in temperature and does not inhibit OVULATION.
definition: A synthetic progestational hormone with no androgenic or estrogenic properties. Unlike many other progestational compounds, dydrogesterone produces no increase in temperature and does not inhibit OVULATION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013360
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.
definition: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013362
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disorders of speech articulation caused by imperfect coordination of pharynx, larynx, tongue, or face muscles. This may result from CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; CEREBELLAR DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; BRAIN STEM diseases; or diseases of the corticobulbar tracts (see PYRAMIDAL TRACTS). The cortical language centers are intact in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p489)
definition: Disorders of speech articulation caused by imperfect coordination of pharynx, larynx, tongue, or face muscles. This may result from CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; CEREBELLAR DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; BRAIN STEM diseases; or diseases of the corticobulbar tracts (see PYRAMIDAL TRACTS). The cortical language centers are intact in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p489)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013363
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute or chronic disorder, affecting the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. It can be primary, the result of central nervous system degeneration, or secondary due to diabetes or alcoholism. Patients with the chronic form of this disorder usually have a progressive clinical course and a poor prognosis.
definition: An acute or chronic disorder, affecting the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. It can be primary, the result of central nervous system degeneration, or secondary due to diabetes or alcoholism. Patients with the chronic form of this disorder usually have a progressive clinical course and a poor prognosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013364
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Familial dysautonomia (FD) affects the development and survival of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons. It is a debilitating disease present from birth. Neuronal degeneration progresses throughout life. Affected individuals have gastrointestinal dysfunction, vomiting crises, recurrent pneumonia, altered sensitivity to pain and temperature perception, and cardiovascular instability. About 40% of individuals have autonomic crises. Hypotonia contributes to delay in acquisition of motor milestones. Older individuals often have a broad-based and ataxic gait that deteriorates over time. Life expectancy is decreased.
definition: Familial dysautonomia (FD) affects the development and survival of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons. It is a debilitating disease present from birth. Neuronal degeneration progresses throughout life. Affected individuals have gastrointestinal dysfunction, vomiting crises, recurrent pneumonia, altered sensitivity to pain and temperature perception, and cardiovascular instability. About 40% of individuals have autonomic crises. Hypotonia contributes to delay in acquisition of motor milestones. Older individuals often have a broad-based and ataxic gait that deteriorates over time. Life expectancy is decreased.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013369
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.
definition: Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013370
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Colitis resulting from amebic infection.
definition: Colitis resulting from amebic infection.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013374
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.
definition: An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013377
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of a monotonous primitive germ cell population. The neoplastic cells form aggregates and have an abundant pale cytoplasm and uniform nuclei. The aggregates of the germ cells are separated by fibrous septa which contain inflammatory cells, mostly T-lymphocytes. It arises primarily in the ovaries, but can occur both primarily and secondarily at other sites, particularly the central nervous system. It responds to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its prognosis is related to the tumor stage.
definition: A malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of a monotonous primitive germ cell population. The neoplastic cells form aggregates and have an abundant pale cytoplasm and uniform nuclei. The aggregates of the germ cells are separated by fibrous septa which contain inflammatory cells, mostly T-lymphocytes. It arises primarily in the ovaries, but can occur both primarily and secondarily at other sites, particularly the central nervous system. It responds to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its prognosis is related to the tumor stage.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013378
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.
definition: A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013384
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements.
definition: A movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013386
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)
definition: Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013388
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A receptive visual aphasia characterized by the loss of a previously possessed ability to comprehend the meaning or significance of handwritten words, despite intact vision. This condition may be associated with posterior cerebral artery infarction (INFARCTION, POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY) and other BRAIN DISEASES.
definition: A receptive visual aphasia characterized by the loss of a previously possessed ability to comprehend the meaning or significance of handwritten words, despite intact vision. This condition may be associated with posterior cerebral artery infarction (INFARCTION, POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY) and other BRAIN DISEASES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013390
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Abnormally painful abdominal cramps during menstruation.
definition: Abnormally painful abdominal cramps during menstruation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013393
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A defect in ossification of bone.
definition: A defect in ossification of bone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013395
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An uncomfortable, often painful feeling in the stomach, resulting from impaired digestion. Symptoms include burning stomach pain, bloating, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Causes include gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pancreatic disease, and gallbladder disease.
definition: An uncomfortable, often painful feeling in the stomach, resulting from impaired digestion. Symptoms include burning stomach pain, bloating, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Causes include gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pancreatic disease, and gallbladder disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013403
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An autosomal dominant disorder defined by the presence of multiple dysplastic nevi and a history of melanoma in two family members. Patients are at an increased risk for the development of melanoma.
definition: An autosomal dominant disorder defined by the presence of multiple dysplastic nevi and a history of melanoma in two family members. Patients are at an increased risk for the development of melanoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013404
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Difficult or labored breathing.
definition: Difficult or labored breathing.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013405
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disorder characterized by sudden attacks of respiratory distress in at rest patients with HEART FAILURE and PULMONARY EDEMA. It usually occurs at night after several hours of sleep in a reclining position. Patients awaken with a feeling of suffocation, coughing, a cold sweat, and TACHYCARDIA. When there is significant WHEEZING, it is called cardiac asthma.
definition: A disorder characterized by sudden attacks of respiratory distress in at rest patients with HEART FAILURE and PULMONARY EDEMA. It usually occurs at night after several hours of sleep in a reclining position. Patients awaken with a feeling of suffocation, coughing, a cold sweat, and TACHYCARDIA. When there is significant WHEEZING, it is called cardiac asthma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013415
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chronic mood disorder in which the symptoms are similar to, though milder than, those diagnosed in depression.
definition: A chronic mood disorder in which the symptoms are similar to, though milder than, those diagnosed in depression.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013418
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Slow or difficult OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH.
definition: Slow or difficult OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013421
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.
definition: An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013423
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition characterized by focal DYSTONIA that progresses to involuntary spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the legs, trunk, arms, and face. The hands are often spared, however, sustained axial and limb contractions may lead to a state where the body is grossly contorted. Onset is usually in the first or second decade. Familial patterns of inheritance, primarily autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance, have been identified. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1078)
definition: A condition characterized by focal DYSTONIA that progresses to involuntary spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the legs, trunk, arms, and face. The hands are often spared, however, sustained axial and limb contractions may lead to a state where the body is grossly contorted. Onset is usually in the first or second decade. Familial patterns of inheritance, primarily autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance, have been identified. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1078)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013426
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic lesion that affects the vulva and is characterized by thinning or thickening of the skin and dryness.
definition: A non-neoplastic lesion that affects the vulva and is characterized by thinning or thickening of the skin and dryness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013428
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Pain or discomfort during urination.
definition: Pain or discomfort during urination.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013447
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the ear. Representative examples include infections, hearing disorders, benign neoplasms, and carcinomas.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the ear. Representative examples include infections, hearing disorders, benign neoplasms, and carcinomas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013449
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the external, middle, or internal ear. Representative examples include ceruminous adenoma, polyp, and carcinoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the external, middle, or internal ear. Representative examples include ceruminous adenoma, polyp, and carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013456
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Pain in the ear can be a consequence of otologic disease (primary or otogenic otalgia), or can arise from pathologic processes and structures other than the ear (secondary or referred otalgia).
definition: Pain in the ear can be a consequence of otologic disease (primary or otogenic otalgia), or can arise from pathologic processes and structures other than the ear (secondary or referred otalgia).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013473
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A broad group of psychological disorders with abnormal eating behaviors leading to physiological effects from overeating or insufficient food intake.
definition: A broad group of psychological disorders with abnormal eating behaviors leading to physiological effects from overeating or insufficient food intake.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013481
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Ebstein anomaly is characterized by downward displacement of variable severity of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The valve leaflets may be dysplastic, and a variable portion of the proximal part of the right ventricle is in continuity with the right atrium ('atrialized'), because of the abnormally positioned tricuspid valve. The severity of this defect includes a spectrum ranging from severe disturbance in fetal and neonatal life to virtually asymptomatic survival to adult life. Associated extracardiac anomalies in the setting of chromosomal or mendelian disorders occur in about 20% of patients with Ebstein anomaly. Nonsyndromic Ebstein anomaly can occur as a sporadic or a familial defect (summary by Digilio et al., 2011).
definition: Ebstein anomaly is characterized by downward displacement of variable severity of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The valve leaflets may be dysplastic, and a variable portion of the proximal part of the right ventricle is in continuity with the right atrium ('atrialized'), because of the abnormally positioned tricuspid valve. The severity of this defect includes a spectrum ranging from severe disturbance in fetal and neonatal life to virtually asymptomatic survival to adult life. Associated extracardiac anomalies in the setting of chromosomal or mendelian disorders occur in about 20% of patients with Ebstein anomaly. Nonsyndromic Ebstein anomaly can occur as a sporadic or a familial defect (summary by Digilio et al., 2011).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013491
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A flat discoloration of the skin or a mucous membrane, larger in area than a petechia, caused by the extravasation of blood.
definition: A flat discoloration of the skin or a mucous membrane, larger in area than a petechia, caused by the extravasation of blood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013502
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A parasitic infection caused by tapeworm larvae of Echinococcus. It affects livestock and humans. It is characterized by the formation of hydatid cysts mainly in the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys. Rupture of the cysts may lead to shock.
definition: A parasitic infection caused by tapeworm larvae of Echinococcus. It affects livestock and humans. It is characterized by the formation of hydatid cysts mainly in the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys. Rupture of the cysts may lead to shock.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013504
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic tapeworms of the genus ECHINOCOCCUS, such as Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis. Ingested Echinococcus ova burrow into the intestinal mucosa. The larval migration to the liver via the PORTAL VEIN leads to watery vesicles (HYDATID CYST).
definition: Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic tapeworms of the genus ECHINOCOCCUS, such as Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis. Ingested Echinococcus ova burrow into the intestinal mucosa. The larval migration to the liver via the PORTAL VEIN leads to watery vesicles (HYDATID CYST).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013505
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Helminth infection of the lung caused by Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis.
definition: Helminth infection of the lung caused by Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013514
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection by flukes of the genus Echinostoma.
definition: Infection by flukes of the genus Echinostoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013528
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A symptom of neurologic or psychiatric dysfunction in which the individual involuntarily and meaninglessly repeats a recently heard word, series of words, or a song.
definition: A symptom of neurologic or psychiatric dysfunction in which the individual involuntarily and meaninglessly repeats a recently heard word, series of words, or a song.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013530
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.
definition: A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013533
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infectious disease processes, including meningitis, diarrhea, and respiratory disorders, caused by echoviruses.
definition: Infectious disease processes, including meningitis, diarrhea, and respiratory disorders, caused by echoviruses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013537
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A potentially life-threatening pregnancy-related disorder characterized by tonic-clonic seizures in association with hypertension after the twentieth week of gestation and up to six weeks postpartum and in the absence of other potential causes of seizures.
definition: A potentially life-threatening pregnancy-related disorder characterized by tonic-clonic seizures in association with hypertension after the twentieth week of gestation and up to six weeks postpartum and in the absence of other potential causes of seizures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013547
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.
definition: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013568
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An ulcerative pyoderma usually caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection at the site of minor trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)
definition: An ulcerative pyoderma usually caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection at the site of minor trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013570
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An infectious dermatitis of sheep and goats, affecting primarily the muzzle and lips. It is caused by a poxvirus and may be transmitted to man.
definition: An infectious dermatitis of sheep and goats, affecting primarily the muzzle and lips. It is caused by a poxvirus and may be transmitted to man.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013575
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of hereditary disorders involving tissues and structures derived from the embryonic ectoderm. They are characterized by the presence of abnormalities at birth and involvement of both the epidermis and skin appendages. They are generally nonprogressive and diffuse. Various forms exist, including anhidrotic and hidrotic dysplasias, FOCAL DERMAL HYPOPLASIA, and aplasia cutis congenita.
definition: A group of hereditary disorders involving tissues and structures derived from the embryonic ectoderm. They are characterized by the presence of abnormalities at birth and involvement of both the epidermis and skin appendages. They are generally nonprogressive and diffuse. Various forms exist, including anhidrotic and hidrotic dysplasias, FOCAL DERMAL HYPOPLASIA, and aplasia cutis congenita.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013578
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.
definition: Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013580
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare congenital anomaly where the heart is formed outside of the thoracic cavity. It is associated with intracardiac lesions and other structural malformations.
definition: A rare congenital anomaly where the heart is formed outside of the thoracic cavity. It is associated with intracardiac lesions and other structural malformations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013581
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Congenital displacement of the lens resulting from defective zonule formation.
definition: Congenital displacement of the lens resulting from defective zonule formation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013589
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital defect characterized by the absence or hypoplasia of one or more extremities.
definition: A congenital defect characterized by the absence or hypoplasia of one or more extremities.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013591
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A viral infection of mice, causing edema and necrosis followed by limb loss.
definition: A viral infection of mice, causing edema and necrosis followed by limb loss.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013592
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An outward turning (eversion) or rotation of the eyelid margin.
definition: An outward turning (eversion) or rotation of the eyelid margin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013595
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A form of dermatitis characterized by red, itchy, scaly, or crusty patches that can be chronic or intermittent.
definition: A form of dermatitis characterized by red, itchy, scaly, or crusty patches that can be chronic or intermittent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013604
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.
definition: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013605
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute disease of young pigs that is usually associated with weaning. It is characterized clinically by paresis and subcutaneous edema.
definition: An acute disease of young pigs that is usually associated with weaning. It is characterized clinically by paresis and subcutaneous edema.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013608
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal fluid retention by the body due to impaired cardiac function or heart failure. It is usually characterized by increase in venous and capillary pressure, and swollen legs when standing. It is different from the generalized edema caused by renal dysfunction (NEPHROTIC SYNDROME).
definition: Abnormal fluid retention by the body due to impaired cardiac function or heart failure. It is usually characterized by increase in venous and capillary pressure, and swollen legs when standing. It is different from the generalized edema caused by renal dysfunction (NEPHROTIC SYNDROME).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013609
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid at a specific anatomic site.
definition: Swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid at a specific anatomic site.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013615
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.
definition: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013617
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The chloride salt form of edrophonium, a short and rapid-acting cholinesterase inhibitor with parasympathomimetic activity. Echothiophate chloride potentiates the action of endogenous acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase that hydrolyzes acetylcholine. When applied topically to the eye, this agent prolongs stimulation of the parasympathetic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions of the longitudinal muscle of the ciliary body. Contraction of longitudinal muscle pulls on the scleral spur, and opens the trabecular meshwork, thereby increases aqueous humor outflow from the eye and reduces intraocular pressure.
definition: The chloride salt form of edrophonium, a short and rapid-acting cholinesterase inhibitor with parasympathomimetic activity. Echothiophate chloride potentiates the action of endogenous acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase that hydrolyzes acetylcholine. When applied topically to the eye, this agent prolongs stimulation of the parasympathetic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions of the longitudinal muscle of the ciliary body. Contraction of longitudinal muscle pulls on the scleral spur, and opens the trabecular meshwork, thereby increases aqueous humor outflow from the eye and reduces intraocular pressure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013618
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.
definition: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013658
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An indication of the years of schooling completed in graded public, private, or parochial schools, and in colleges, universities, or professional schools.
definition: An indication of the years of schooling completed in graded public, private, or parochial schools, and in colleges, universities, or professional schools.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013687
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A collection of fluid in a body cavity, which may be the result of a non-neoplastic disorder (e.g. heart failure) or a tumor (e.g. carcinoma of the lung).
definition: A collection of fluid in a body cavity, which may be the result of a non-neoplastic disorder (e.g. heart failure) or a tumor (e.g. carcinoma of the lung).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013720
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of disorders that affect connective tissues supporting the skin, bones, blood vessels, and many other organs and tissues. Defects in connective tissues cause the signs and symptoms of these conditions, which range from mildly loose joints to life-threatening complications.The various forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have been classified in several different ways. Originally, 11 forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were named using Roman numerals to indicate the types (type I, type II, and so on). In 1997, researchers proposed a simpler classification (the Villefranche nomenclature) that reduced the number of types to six and gave them descriptive names based on their major features. In 2017, the classification was updated to include rare forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that were discovered more recently. The 2017 classification describes 13 types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.An unusually large range of joint movement (hypermobility) occurs in most forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and it is a hallmark feature of the hypermobile type. Infants and children with hypermobility often have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), which can delay the development of motor skills such as sitting, standing, and walking. The loose joints are unstable and prone to dislocation and chronic pain. In the arthrochalasia type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, infants have hypermobility and dislocations of both hips at birth.Many people with the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes have soft, velvety skin that is highly stretchy (elastic) and fragile. Affected individuals tend to bruise easily, and some types of the condition also cause abnormal scarring. People with the classical form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome experience wounds that split open with little bleeding and leave scars that widen over time to create characteristic ""cigarette paper"" scars. The dermatosparaxis type of the disorder is characterized by loose skin that sags and wrinkles, and extra (redundant) folds of skin may be pr…
definition: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of disorders that affect connective tissues supporting the skin, bones, blood vessels, and many other organs and tissues. Defects in connective tissues cause the signs and symptoms of these conditions, which range from mildly loose joints to life-threatening complications.The various forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have been classified in several different ways. Originally, 11 forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were named using Roman numerals to indicate the types (type I, type II, and so on). In 1997, researchers proposed a simpler classification (the Villefranche nomenclature) that reduced the number of types to six and gave them descriptive names based on their major features. In 2017, the classification was updated to include rare forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that were discovered more recently. The 2017 classification describes 13 types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.An unusually large range of joint movement (hypermobility) occurs in most forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and it is a hallmark feature of the hypermobile type. Infants and children with hypermobility often have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), which can delay the development of motor skills such as sitting, standing, and walking. The loose joints are unstable and prone to dislocation and chronic pain. In the arthrochalasia type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, infants have hypermobility and dislocations of both hips at birth.Many people with the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes have soft, velvety skin that is highly stretchy (elastic) and fragile. Affected individuals tend to bruise easily, and some types of the condition also cause abnormal scarring. People with the classical form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome experience wounds that split open with little bleeding and leave scars that widen over time to create characteristic ""cigarette paper"" scars. The dermatosparaxis type of the disorder is characterized by loose skin that sags and wrinkles, and extra (redundant) folds of skin may be pr…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013743
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition associated with VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT and other congenital heart defects that allow the mixing of pulmonary and systemic circulation, increase blood flow into the lung, and subsequent responses to low oxygen in blood. This complex is characterized by progressive PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; HYPERTROPHY of the RIGHT VENTRICLE; CYANOSIS; and ERYTHROCYTOSIS.
definition: A condition associated with VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT and other congenital heart defects that allow the mixing of pulmonary and systemic circulation, increase blood flow into the lung, and subsequent responses to low oxygen in blood. This complex is characterized by progressive PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; HYPERTROPHY of the RIGHT VENTRICLE; CYANOSIS; and ERYTHROCYTOSIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013772
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Emotional, nutritional, financial, or physical maltreatment, exploitation, or abandonment of the older person generally by family members or by institutional personnel.
definition: Emotional, nutritional, financial, or physical maltreatment, exploitation, or abandonment of the older person generally by family members or by institutional personnel.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013832
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
definition: Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013846
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)
definition: The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013882
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Enlargement of an area of the body due to obstruction within the lymphatic system and the resulting accumulation of lymph.
definition: Enlargement of an area of the body due to obstruction within the lymphatic system and the resulting accumulation of lymph.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013884
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A clinical disorder that is caused by obstruction of the lymphatic system years after filarial infection. It is characterized by painful and profound lymphedema, resulting in significant swelling (elephantiasis) of extremities and genitals.
definition: A clinical disorder that is caused by obstruction of the lymphatic system years after filarial infection. It is characterized by painful and profound lymphedema, resulting in significant swelling (elephantiasis) of extremities and genitals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013895
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Excretory-related psychiatric disorders usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood.
definition: Excretory-related psychiatric disorders usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013900
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A fused four ring compound occurring free or combined in galls. Isolated from the kino of Eucalyptus maculata Hook and E. Hemipholia F. Muell. Activates Factor XII of the blood clotting system which also causes kinin release; used in research and as a dye.
definition: A fused four ring compound occurring free or combined in galls. Isolated from the kino of Eucalyptus maculata Hook and E. Hemipholia F. Muell. Activates Factor XII of the blood clotting system which also causes kinin release; used in research and as a dye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013901
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pyrido-CARBAZOLES originally discovered in the bark of OCHROSIA ELLIPTICA. They inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis and have immunosuppressive properties.
definition: Pyrido-CARBAZOLES originally discovered in the bark of OCHROSIA ELLIPTICA. They inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis and have immunosuppressive properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013902
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An inherited blood disorder in which a large number of red blood cells have an elliptical morphology.
definition: An inherited blood disorder in which a large number of red blood cells have an elliptical morphology.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013903
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by short limbs, short ribs, postaxial polydactyly, and dysplastic nails and teeth. Congenital cardiac defects, most commonly a defect of primary atrial septation producing a common atrium, occur in 60% of affected individuals (summary by Ruiz-Perez et al., 2000). The clinical features of the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome appear to be identical regardless of whether the disorder is caused by mutation in the EVC gene (604831) or in the EVC2 gene (607261) (Ruiz-Perez et al., 2003, Galdzicka et al., 2002).
definition: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by short limbs, short ribs, postaxial polydactyly, and dysplastic nails and teeth. Congenital cardiac defects, most commonly a defect of primary atrial septation producing a common atrium, occur in 60% of affected individuals (summary by Ruiz-Perez et al., 2000). The clinical features of the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome appear to be identical regardless of whether the disorder is caused by mutation in the EVC gene (604831) or in the EVC2 gene (607261) (Ruiz-Perez et al., 2003, Galdzicka et al., 2002).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013911
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An extreme loss of muscle and subcutaneous fat that is caused by malnutrition, and which results in a severely thin (emaciated) appearance.
definition: An extreme loss of muscle and subcutaneous fat that is caused by malnutrition, and which results in a severely thin (emaciated) appearance.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013922
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.
definition: Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013926
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Blocking of a blood vessel by air bubbles that enter the circulatory system, usually after TRAUMA; surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure.
definition: Blocking of a blood vessel by air bubbles that enter the circulatory system, usually after TRAUMA; surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013927
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Acute hypotension or cardiac arrest, acute hypoxia or coagulopathy in the absence of any other potential explanation related to the presence of amniotic fluid or the fetal debris within the maternal vascular system during the antepartum or intrapartum period.
definition: Acute hypotension or cardiac arrest, acute hypoxia or coagulopathy in the absence of any other potential explanation related to the presence of amniotic fluid or the fetal debris within the maternal vascular system during the antepartum or intrapartum period.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013928
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS.
definition: Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013930
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A tumor embolism involves sudden blockage of an artery by a clot or by other material from tumor fragments transported by the blood stream.
definition: A tumor embolism involves sudden blockage of an artery by a clot or by other material from tumor fragments transported by the blood stream.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013954
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A muscarinic antagonist used mainly in the treatment of urinary syndromes. It is incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
definition: A muscarinic antagonist used mainly in the treatment of urinary syndromes. It is incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013973
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that cause vomiting. They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.
definition: Agents that cause vomiting. They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013974
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.
definition: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013982
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially Rhamnus frangula. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as tool in toxicity studies.
definition: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially Rhamnus frangula. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as tool in toxicity studies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0013990
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.
definition: A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014008
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition when the SELLA TURCICA is not filled with pituitary tissue. The pituitary gland is either compressed, atrophied, or removed. There are two types: (1) primary empty sella is due a defect in the sella diaphragm leading to arachnoid herniation into the sellar space; (2) secondary empty sella is associated with the removal or treatment of PITUITARY NEOPLASMS.
definition: A condition when the SELLA TURCICA is not filled with pituitary tissue. The pituitary gland is either compressed, atrophied, or removed. There are two types: (1) primary empty sella is due a defect in the sella diaphragm leading to arachnoid herniation into the sellar space; (2) secondary empty sella is associated with the removal or treatment of PITUITARY NEOPLASMS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014009
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An accumulation of pus in a body cavity, usually the pleural space.
definition: An accumulation of pus in a body cavity, usually the pleural space.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014012
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Presence of pus in the GALLBLADDER.
definition: Presence of pus in the GALLBLADDER.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014013
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity.
definition: Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014014
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An empyema resulting from infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
definition: An empyema resulting from infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014025
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A dicarbocyl-containing peptide and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As a prodrug, enalapril is converted by de-esterification into its active form enalaprilat. Enalaprilat competitively binds to and inhibits ACE, thereby blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This prevents the potent vasoconstrictive actions of angiotensin II and results in vasodilation. Enalapril also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, which leads to an increase in sodium excretion and subsequently increases water outflow.
definition: A dicarbocyl-containing peptide and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As a prodrug, enalapril is converted by de-esterification into its active form enalaprilat. Enalaprilat competitively binds to and inhibits ACE, thereby blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This prevents the potent vasoconstrictive actions of angiotensin II and results in vasodilation. Enalapril also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, which leads to an increase in sodium excretion and subsequently increases water outflow.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014027
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.
definition: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014034
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A sudden eruptiion (rash) of the surface of a mucous membrane of the mouth or pharynx.
definition: A sudden eruptiion (rash) of the surface of a mucous membrane of the mouth or pharynx.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014038
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An inflammatory process affecting the brain parenchyma. Causes include viral infections and less frequently bacterial infections, toxins, and immune-mediated processes.
definition: An inflammatory process affecting the brain parenchyma. Causes include viral infections and less frequently bacterial infections, toxins, and immune-mediated processes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014040
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A form of encephalitis, the etiology of which is uncertain, that is characterized by lethargy and headache.
definition: A form of encephalitis, the etiology of which is uncertain, that is characterized by lethargy and headache.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014053
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A viral infection of the brain caused by serotypes of California encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, CALIFORNIA) transmitted to humans by the mosquito AEDES triseriatus. The majority of cases are caused by the LA CROSSE VIRUS. This condition is endemic to the midwestern United States and primarily affects children between 5-10 years of age. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; VOMITING; HEADACHE; and abdominal pain followed by SEIZURES, altered mentation, and focal neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13)
definition: A viral infection of the brain caused by serotypes of California encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, CALIFORNIA) transmitted to humans by the mosquito AEDES triseriatus. The majority of cases are caused by the LA CROSSE VIRUS. This condition is endemic to the midwestern United States and primarily affects children between 5-10 years of age. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; VOMITING; HEADACHE; and abdominal pain followed by SEIZURES, altered mentation, and focal neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014055
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A term that may be used to describe encephalitis characterized by sleepiness, which is likely due to a viral cause.
definition: A term that may be used to describe encephalitis characterized by sleepiness, which is likely due to a viral cause.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014057
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)
definition: A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014059
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute or subacute inflammatory process of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM characterized histologically by multiple foci of perivascular demyelination. Symptom onset usually occurs several days after an acute viral infection or immunization, but it may coincide with the onset of infection or rarely no antecedent event can be identified. Clinical manifestations include CONFUSION, somnolence, FEVER, nuchal rigidity, and involuntary movements. The illness may progress to COMA and eventually be fatal. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p921)
definition: An acute or subacute inflammatory process of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM characterized histologically by multiple foci of perivascular demyelination. Symptom onset usually occurs several days after an acute viral infection or immunization, but it may coincide with the onset of infection or rarely no antecedent event can be identified. Clinical manifestations include CONFUSION, somnolence, FEVER, nuchal rigidity, and involuntary movements. The illness may progress to COMA and eventually be fatal. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p921)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014060
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A viral encephalitis caused by the St. Louis encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, ST. LOUIS), a FLAVIVIRUS. It is transmitted to humans and other vertebrates primarily by mosquitoes of the genus CULEX. The primary animal vectors are wild birds and the disorder is endemic to the midwestern and southeastern United States. Infections may be limited to an influenza-like illness or present as an ASEPTIC MENINGITIS or ENCEPHALITIS. Clinical manifestations of the encephalitic presentation may include SEIZURES, lethargy, MYOCLONUS, focal neurologic signs, COMA, and DEATH. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p750)
definition: A viral encephalitis caused by the St. Louis encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, ST. LOUIS), a FLAVIVIRUS. It is transmitted to humans and other vertebrates primarily by mosquitoes of the genus CULEX. The primary animal vectors are wild birds and the disorder is endemic to the midwestern and southeastern United States. Infections may be limited to an influenza-like illness or present as an ASEPTIC MENINGITIS or ENCEPHALITIS. Clinical manifestations of the encephalitic presentation may include SEIZURES, lethargy, MYOCLONUS, focal neurologic signs, COMA, and DEATH. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p750)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014061
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Encephalitis caused by neurotropic viruses that are transmitted via the bite of TICKS. In Europe, the diseases are caused by ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, TICK-BORNE, which give rise to Russian spring-summer encephalitis, central European encephalitis, louping ill encephalitis, and related disorders. Powassan encephalitis occurs in North America and Russia and is caused by the Powassan virus. ASEPTIC MENINGITIS and rarely encephalitis may complicate COLORADO TICK FEVER which is endemic to mountainous regions of the western United States. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp14-5)
definition: Encephalitis caused by neurotropic viruses that are transmitted via the bite of TICKS. In Europe, the diseases are caused by ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, TICK-BORNE, which give rise to Russian spring-summer encephalitis, central European encephalitis, louping ill encephalitis, and related disorders. Powassan encephalitis occurs in North America and Russia and is caused by the Powassan virus. ASEPTIC MENINGITIS and rarely encephalitis may complicate COLORADO TICK FEVER which is endemic to mountainous regions of the western United States. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp14-5)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014065
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A congenital defect in the skull, whereby there is a protrusion of part of the cranial contents through a congenital defect in the cranium, usually covered with skin or mucous membrane. The term encephalocele refers to a subclass of these lesions in which brain tissue protrudes through the defect.
definition: A congenital defect in the skull, whereby there is a protrusion of part of the cranial contents through a congenital defect in the cranium, usually covered with skin or mucous membrane. The term encephalocele refers to a subclass of these lesions in which brain tissue protrudes through the defect.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014067
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of encephalocele (that is, a a protrusion of part of the cranial contents including brain tissue through a congenital opening in the cranium, typically covered with skin or mucous membrane) in the occipital region of the skull. Occipital encephalocele presents as a midline swelling over the occipital bone. It is usually covered with normal full-thickness scalp.
definition: A type of encephalocele (that is, a a protrusion of part of the cranial contents including brain tissue through a congenital opening in the cranium, typically covered with skin or mucous membrane) in the occipital region of the skull. Occipital encephalocele presents as a midline swelling over the occipital bone. It is usually covered with normal full-thickness scalp.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014068
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Encephalomalacia is the softening or loss of brain tissue after cerebral infarction, cerebral ischemia, infection, craniocerebral trauma, or other injury.
definition: Encephalomalacia is the softening or loss of brain tissue after cerebral infarction, cerebral ischemia, infection, craniocerebral trauma, or other injury.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014070
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: A disorder characterized by inflammation of both the brain and the spinal cord.
definition: A disorder characterized by inflammation of both the brain and the spinal cord.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014073
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A picornavirus infection producing symptoms similar to poliomyelitis in pigs.
definition: A picornavirus infection producing symptoms similar to poliomyelitis in pigs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014074
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of ALPHAVIRUS INFECTIONS which affect horses and man, transmitted via the bites of mosquitoes. Disorders in this category are endemic to regions of South America and North America. In humans, clinical manifestations vary with the type of infection, and range from a mild influenza-like syndrome to a fulminant encephalitis. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp8-10)
definition: A group of ALPHAVIRUS INFECTIONS which affect horses and man, transmitted via the bites of mosquitoes. Disorders in this category are endemic to regions of South America and North America. In humans, clinical manifestations vary with the type of infection, and range from a mild influenza-like syndrome to a fulminant encephalitis. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp8-10)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014077
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A degenerative brain disorder presenting with acute neurological manifestations. It usually associated with an acute infection or vaccination. It is characterized by brain hemorrhage, vascular necrosis and demyelination. Signs and symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting, convulsions and loss of consciousness.
definition: A degenerative brain disorder presenting with acute neurological manifestations. It usually associated with an acute infection or vaccination. It is characterized by brain hemorrhage, vascular necrosis and demyelination. Signs and symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting, convulsions and loss of consciousness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014078
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition caused by infection by the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, which is characterized by headache, fever, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting.
definition: A condition caused by infection by the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, which is characterized by headache, fever, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014084
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Enchondromas are common benign cartilage tumors of bone. They can occur as solitary lesions or as multiple lesions in enchondromatosis. When hemangiomata are associated, the condition is known as Maffucci syndrome (614569). Clinical problems caused by enchondromas include skeletal deformity and the potential for malignant change to osteosarcoma (Schwartz et al., 1987). Classification of the Enchondromatoses In their classification of the enchondromatoses, Spranger et al. (1978) called Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome types I and II enchondromatosis, respectively; metachondromatosis (156250), type III; spondyloenchondrodysplasia (607944), type IV; enchondromatosis with irregular vertebral lesions, type V; and generalized enchondromatosis, type VI. Halal and Azouz (1991) added 3 tentative categories to the 6 in the classification of Spranger et al. (1978). Pansuriya et al. (2010) suggested a new classification of enchondromatosis (multiple enchondromas).
definition: Enchondromas are common benign cartilage tumors of bone. They can occur as solitary lesions or as multiple lesions in enchondromatosis. When hemangiomata are associated, the condition is known as Maffucci syndrome (614569). Clinical problems caused by enchondromas include skeletal deformity and the potential for malignant change to osteosarcoma (Schwartz et al., 1987). Classification of the Enchondromatoses In their classification of the enchondromatoses, Spranger et al. (1978) called Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome types I and II enchondromatosis, respectively; metachondromatosis (156250), type III; spondyloenchondrodysplasia (607944), type IV; enchondromatosis with irregular vertebral lesions, type V; and generalized enchondromatosis, type VI. Halal and Azouz (1991) added 3 tentative categories to the 6 in the classification of Spranger et al. (1978). Pansuriya et al. (2010) suggested a new classification of enchondromatosis (multiple enchondromas).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014089
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An elimination disorder characterized by fecal incontinence, whether involuntary or intentional, which is not due to a medical condition and which occurs in someone who is toilet trained.
definition: An elimination disorder characterized by fecal incontinence, whether involuntary or intentional, which is not due to a medical condition and which occurs in someone who is toilet trained.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014100
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the arterial intima.
definition: Inflammation of the arterial intima.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014116
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A spectrum of septal defects involving the ATRIAL SEPTUM; VENTRICULAR SEPTUM; and the atrioventricular valves (TRICUSPID VALVE; BICUSPID VALVE). These defects are due to incomplete growth and fusion of the ENDOCARDIAL CUSHIONS which are important in the formation of two atrioventricular canals, site of future atrioventricular valves.
definition: A spectrum of septal defects involving the ATRIAL SEPTUM; VENTRICULAR SEPTUM; and the atrioventricular valves (TRICUSPID VALVE; BICUSPID VALVE). These defects are due to incomplete growth and fusion of the ENDOCARDIAL CUSHIONS which are important in the formation of two atrioventricular canals, site of future atrioventricular valves.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014117
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition characterized by the thickening of ENDOCARDIUM due to proliferation of fibrous and elastic tissue, usually in the left ventricle leading to impaired cardiac function (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE). It is most commonly seen in young children and rarely in adults. It is often associated with congenital heart anomalies (HEART DEFECTS CONGENITAL;) INFECTION; or gene mutation. Defects in the tafazzin protein, encoded by TAZ gene, result in a form of autosomal dominant familial endocardial fibroelastosis.
definition: A condition characterized by the thickening of ENDOCARDIUM due to proliferation of fibrous and elastic tissue, usually in the left ventricle leading to impaired cardiac function (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE). It is most commonly seen in young children and rarely in adults. It is often associated with congenital heart anomalies (HEART DEFECTS CONGENITAL;) INFECTION; or gene mutation. Defects in the tafazzin protein, encoded by TAZ gene, result in a form of autosomal dominant familial endocardial fibroelastosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014118
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An inflammation of the endocardium, the inner layer of the heart, which usually involves the heart valves.
definition: An inflammation of the endocardium, the inner layer of the heart, which usually involves the heart valves.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014121
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A bacterial infection of the endocardium, the inner layer of the heart, which usually involves the heart valves.
definition: A bacterial infection of the endocardium, the inner layer of the heart, which usually involves the heart valves.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014122
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: ENDOCARDIUM infection that is usually caused by STREPTOCOCCUS. Subacute infective endocarditis evolves over weeks and months with modest toxicity and rare metastatic infection.
definition: ENDOCARDIUM infection that is usually caused by STREPTOCOCCUS. Subacute infective endocarditis evolves over weeks and months with modest toxicity and rare metastatic infection.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014126
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A polyp that arises from the endocervix. It is characterized by the presence of endocervical glands and a fibrovascular stroma.
definition: A polyp that arises from the endocervix. It is characterized by the presence of endocervical glands and a fibrovascular stroma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014127
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the endocervix.
definition: Inflammation of the endocervix.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014130
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the endocrine system. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, and adrenal gland insufficiency. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoid tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the endocrine system. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, and adrenal gland insufficiency. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoid tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014132
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells of an endocrine organ. Representative examples include pituitary gland adenoma, pituitary gland carcinoma, thyroid gland carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, and neuroendocrine carcinoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells of an endocrine organ. Representative examples include pituitary gland adenoma, pituitary gland carcinoma, thyroid gland carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, and neuroendocrine carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014145
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor composed of primitive germ cells. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in the pediatric population. It occurs in the infant testis, ovary, sacrococcygeal region, vagina, uterus, prostate, abdomen, liver, retroperitoneum, thorax, and pineal/third ventricle. The tumor mimics the yolk sac of the embryo and produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Treatment includes: surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. This tumor is very responsive to chemotherapy regimens that include cisplatinum.
definition: A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor composed of primitive germ cells. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in the pediatric population. It occurs in the infant testis, ovary, sacrococcygeal region, vagina, uterus, prostate, abdomen, liver, retroperitoneum, thorax, and pineal/third ventricle. The tumor mimics the yolk sac of the embryo and produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Treatment includes: surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. This tumor is very responsive to chemotherapy regimens that include cisplatinum.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014170
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the endometrium.
definition: A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the endometrium.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014173
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A proliferation of the endometrial cells resulting in glandular enlargement and budding. The proliferation may or may not be associated with atypia of the endometrial cells. When the hyperplastic changes are excessive, there is formation of complex epithelial structures (complex endometrial hyperplasia).
definition: A proliferation of the endometrial cells resulting in glandular enlargement and budding. The proliferation may or may not be associated with atypia of the endometrial cells. When the hyperplastic changes are excessive, there is formation of complex epithelial structures (complex endometrial hyperplasia).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014175
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.
definition: A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014177
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Endometriosis that affects the fallopian tube. Symptoms include infertility, pelvic pain, painful menstruation, and painful intercourse.
definition: Endometriosis that affects the fallopian tube. Symptoms include infertility, pelvic pain, painful menstruation, and painful intercourse.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014179
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute or chronic, usually bacterial infectious process affecting the endometrium. It may extend to the myometrium and parametrial tissues. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding.
definition: An acute or chronic, usually bacterial infectious process affecting the endometrium. It may extend to the myometrium and parametrial tissues. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014236
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infectious process affecting the internal structures of the eye.
definition: An infectious process affecting the internal structures of the eye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014238
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Infection of the epicondyles by a parasite.
definition: Infection of the epicondyles by a parasite.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014274
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER.
definition: The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014277
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A fluorinated ether and very potent and stable general anaesthetic agent. The mechanism through which enflurane exerts its effect is not clear, it probably acts on nerve cell membranes to disrupt neuronal transmission in the brain, probably via an action at the lipid matrix of the neuronal membrane. Enflurane may also enhance the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid on synaptic transmission. Enflurane may also inhibit glutamatergic excitatory transmission.
definition: A fluorinated ether and very potent and stable general anaesthetic agent. The mechanism through which enflurane exerts its effect is not clear, it probably acts on nerve cell membranes to disrupt neuronal transmission in the brain, probably via an action at the lipid matrix of the neuronal membrane. Enflurane may also enhance the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid on synaptic transmission. Enflurane may also inhibit glutamatergic excitatory transmission.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014306
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.
definition: An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014310
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.
definition: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014324
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection with amoebae of the genus ENTAMOEBA. Infection with E. histolytica causes DYSENTERY, AMEBIC and LIVER ABSCESS, AMEBIC.
definition: Infection with amoebae of the genus ENTAMOEBA. Infection with E. histolytica causes DYSENTERY, AMEBIC and LIVER ABSCESS, AMEBIC.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014335
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.
definition: Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014342
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute, highly contagious virus disease of turkeys characterized by chilling, anorexia, decreased water intake, diarrhea, dehydration and weight loss. The infectious agent is a CORONAVIRUS.
definition: An acute, highly contagious virus disease of turkeys characterized by chilling, anorexia, decreased water intake, diarrhea, dehydration and weight loss. The infectious agent is a CORONAVIRUS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014347
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014356
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An inflammation of the colon and small intestine. However, most conditions are either categorized as Enteritis (inflammation of the small intestine) or Colitis (inflammation of the large intestine).
definition: An inflammation of the colon and small intestine. However, most conditions are either categorized as Enteritis (inflammation of the small intestine) or Colitis (inflammation of the large intestine).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014358
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.
definition: An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014371
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disease caused by the liberation of exotoxins of CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS in the intestines of sheep, goats, cattle, foals, and piglets. Type B enterotoxemia in lambs is lamb dysentery; type C enterotoxemia in mature sheep produces ""struck"", and in calves, lambs and piglets it produces hemorrhagic enterotoxemia; type D enterotoxemia in sheep and goats is pulpy-kidney disease or overeating disease.
definition: Disease caused by the liberation of exotoxins of CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS in the intestines of sheep, goats, cattle, foals, and piglets. Type B enterotoxemia in lambs is lamb dysentery; type C enterotoxemia in mature sheep produces ""struck"", and in calves, lambs and piglets it produces hemorrhagic enterotoxemia; type D enterotoxemia in sheep and goats is pulpy-kidney disease or overeating disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014378
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.
definition: Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014390
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormal inversion (turning inward) of the eyelid (usually the lower) towards the globe. Entropion is usually acquired as a result of involutional or cicatricial processes but may occasionally be congenital.
definition: An abnormal inversion (turning inward) of the eyelid (usually the lower) towards the globe. Entropion is usually acquired as a result of involutional or cicatricial processes but may occasionally be congenital.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014394
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An elimination disorder characterized by urinary incontinence, whether involuntary or intentional, which is not due to a medical condition and which occurs at or beyond an age at which continence is expected (usually 5 years).
definition: An elimination disorder characterized by urinary incontinence, whether involuntary or intentional, which is not due to a medical condition and which occurs at or beyond an age at which continence is expected (usually 5 years).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014429
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.
definition: Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014432
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
definition: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014437
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme.
definition: Compounds which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014439
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.
definition: The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014457
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.
definition: Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014461
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A clinical variant of Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by unifocal involvement of a bone (most often), skin, or lung. Patients are usually older children or adults usually presenting with a lytic bone lesion. The etiology is unknown. Morphologically, eosinophilic granuloma is characterized by the presence of Langerhans cells in a characteristic milieu which includes histiocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and small, mature lymphocytes.
definition: A clinical variant of Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by unifocal involvement of a bone (most often), skin, or lung. Patients are usually older children or adults usually presenting with a lytic bone lesion. The etiology is unknown. Morphologically, eosinophilic granuloma is characterized by the presence of Langerhans cells in a characteristic milieu which includes histiocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and small, mature lymphocytes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014474
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Ependymomas are rare glial tumors of the brain and spinal cord (Yokota et al., 2003).
definition: Ependymomas are rare glial tumors of the brain and spinal cord (Yokota et al., 2003).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014479
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.
definition: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014481
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An Ephemerovirus infection of cattle caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (EPHEMERAL FEVER VIRUS, BOVINE). It is characterized by respiratory symptoms, increased oropharyngeal secretions and lacrimation, joint pains, tremor, and stiffness.
definition: An Ephemerovirus infection of cattle caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (EPHEMERAL FEVER VIRUS, BOVINE). It is characterized by respiratory symptoms, increased oropharyngeal secretions and lacrimation, joint pains, tremor, and stiffness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014483
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A dehydroepiandrosterone metabolite and a precursor of testosterone and estradiol with hypolipidemic and anabolic property. Epiandrosterone, a potential neurosteroid, appears to bind to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/benzodiazepine-receptor complex (GABA-RC), acting as a negative non-competitive modulator of GABA-RC as well as signal through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. In addition this agent inhibits the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) thereby dilating blood vessels pre-contracted by partial depolarization. Also, epiandrosterone inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2 in activated platelets, reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, increases serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 and increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate and nitric oxide synthesis. These effects may improve circulation in the microvasculature.
definition: A dehydroepiandrosterone metabolite and a precursor of testosterone and estradiol with hypolipidemic and anabolic property. Epiandrosterone, a potential neurosteroid, appears to bind to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/benzodiazepine-receptor complex (GABA-RC), acting as a negative non-competitive modulator of GABA-RC as well as signal through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. In addition this agent inhibits the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) thereby dilating blood vessels pre-contracted by partial depolarization. Also, epiandrosterone inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2 in activated platelets, reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, increases serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 and increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate and nitric oxide synthesis. These effects may improve circulation in the microvasculature.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014488
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the epicondyles.
definition: Inflammation of the epicondyles.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014493
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Keratoconjunctivitis resulting from infection by adenoviruses.
definition: Keratoconjunctivitis resulting from infection by adenoviruses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014511
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign cyst located in the dermis layer of skin that is lined by stratified squamous epithelium, and which contains laminated layers of keratin and keratin breakdown products.
definition: A benign cyst located in the dermis layer of skin that is lined by stratified squamous epithelium, and which contains laminated layers of keratin and keratin breakdown products.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014518
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a severe skin reaction most often triggered by particular medications. Although Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis were once thought to be separate conditions, they are now considered part of a continuum. Stevens-Johnson syndrome represents the less severe end of the disease spectrum, and toxic epidermal necrolysis represents the more severe end.SJS/TEN often begins with a fever and flu-like symptoms. Within a few days, the skin begins to blister and peel, forming very painful raw areas called erosions that resemble a severe hot-water burn. The skin erosions usually start on the face and chest before spreading to other parts of the body. In most affected individuals, the condition also damages the mucous membranes, including the lining of the mouth and the airways, which can cause trouble with swallowing and breathing. The painful blistering can also affect the urinary tract and genitals. SJS/TEN often affects the eyes as well, causing irritation and redness of the conjunctiva, which are the mucous membranes that protect the white part of the eye and line the eyelids, and damage to the clear front covering of the eye (the cornea).Severe damage to the skin and mucous membranes makes SJS/TEN a life-threatening disease. Because the skin normally acts as a protective barrier, extensive skin damage can lead to a dangerous loss of fluids and allow infections to develop. Serious complications can include pneumonia, overwhelming bacterial infections (sepsis), shock, multiple organ failure, and death. About 10 percent of people with Stevens-Johnson syndrome die from the disease, while the condition is fatal in up to 50 percent of those with toxic epidermal necrolysis.Among people who survive, long-term effects of SJS/TEN can include changes in skin coloring (pigmentation), dryness of the skin and mucous membranes (xerosis), excess sweating (hyperhidrosis), hair loss (alopecia), and abnormal…
definition: Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a severe skin reaction most often triggered by particular medications. Although Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis were once thought to be separate conditions, they are now considered part of a continuum. Stevens-Johnson syndrome represents the less severe end of the disease spectrum, and toxic epidermal necrolysis represents the more severe end.SJS/TEN often begins with a fever and flu-like symptoms. Within a few days, the skin begins to blister and peel, forming very painful raw areas called erosions that resemble a severe hot-water burn. The skin erosions usually start on the face and chest before spreading to other parts of the body. In most affected individuals, the condition also damages the mucous membranes, including the lining of the mouth and the airways, which can cause trouble with swallowing and breathing. The painful blistering can also affect the urinary tract and genitals. SJS/TEN often affects the eyes as well, causing irritation and redness of the conjunctiva, which are the mucous membranes that protect the white part of the eye and line the eyelids, and damage to the clear front covering of the eye (the cornea).Severe damage to the skin and mucous membranes makes SJS/TEN a life-threatening disease. Because the skin normally acts as a protective barrier, extensive skin damage can lead to a dangerous loss of fluids and allow infections to develop. Serious complications can include pneumonia, overwhelming bacterial infections (sepsis), shock, multiple organ failure, and death. About 10 percent of people with Stevens-Johnson syndrome die from the disease, while the condition is fatal in up to 50 percent of those with toxic epidermal necrolysis.Among people who survive, long-term effects of SJS/TEN can include changes in skin coloring (pigmentation), dryness of the skin and mucous membranes (xerosis), excess sweating (hyperhidrosis), hair loss (alopecia), and abnormal…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014521
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute generalized dermatitis of pigs which occurs from 5 to 35 days of age, characterized by sudden onset, with morbidity of 10 to 90% and mortality of 5 to 90%. The lesions are caused by Staphylococcus hyos but the bacterial agent is unable to penetrate the intact skin. Abrasions on the feet and legs or lacerations on the body frequently precede infection. In acute cases, a vesicular-type virus may be the predisposing factor. The causative organism is inhibited by most antibiotics. (Merck Veterinary Manual, 5th ed)
definition: An acute generalized dermatitis of pigs which occurs from 5 to 35 days of age, characterized by sudden onset, with morbidity of 10 to 90% and mortality of 5 to 90%. The lesions are caused by Staphylococcus hyos but the bacterial agent is unable to penetrate the intact skin. Abrasions on the feet and legs or lacerations on the body frequently precede infection. In acute cases, a vesicular-type virus may be the predisposing factor. The causative organism is inhibited by most antibiotics. (Merck Veterinary Manual, 5th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014522
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis associated with a high risk of skin cancer. EV results from an abnormal susceptibility to specific related human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and to the oncogenic potential of some of them, mainly HPV5. Infection with EV-associated HPV leads to the early development of disseminated flat wart-like and pityriasis versicolor-like lesions. Patients are unable to reject their lesions, and cutaneous Bowen carcinomas in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas develop in about half of them, mainly on sun-exposed areas (summary by Ramoz et al., 2000). Genetic Heterogeneity of Susceptibility to Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis Susceptibility to EV2 (618231) is conferred by mutation in the TMC8 gene (605829) on chromosome 17q25; EV3 (618267) by mutation in the CIB1 gene (602293) on chromosome 15q26; EV4 (618307) by mutation in the RHOH gene (602037) on chromosome 4p13; and EV5 (618309) by mutation in the IL7 gene (146660) on chromosome 8q12.
definition: Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis associated with a high risk of skin cancer. EV results from an abnormal susceptibility to specific related human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and to the oncogenic potential of some of them, mainly HPV5. Infection with EV-associated HPV leads to the early development of disseminated flat wart-like and pityriasis versicolor-like lesions. Patients are unable to reject their lesions, and cutaneous Bowen carcinomas in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas develop in about half of them, mainly on sun-exposed areas (summary by Ramoz et al., 2000). Genetic Heterogeneity of Susceptibility to Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis Susceptibility to EV2 (618231) is conferred by mutation in the TMC8 gene (605829) on chromosome 17q25; EV3 (618267) by mutation in the CIB1 gene (602293) on chromosome 15q26; EV4 (618307) by mutation in the RHOH gene (602037) on chromosome 4p13; and EV5 (618309) by mutation in the IL7 gene (146660) on chromosome 8q12.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014527
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An autosomal recessive inherited skin disorder caused by mutations in the genes encoding keratins 5 and 14, collagen VII or laminin 5. It is characterized by skin fragility and the formation of blisters. The blisters may become large and ulcerated, resulting in skin infections and loss of body fluids.
definition: An autosomal recessive inherited skin disorder caused by mutations in the genes encoding keratins 5 and 14, collagen VII or laminin 5. It is characterized by skin fragility and the formation of blisters. The blisters may become large and ulcerated, resulting in skin infections and loss of body fluids.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014534
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inflammation of the EPIDIDYMIS. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.
definition: Inflammation of the EPIDIDYMIS. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014536
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A primary or metastatic neoplasm that involves the space between the vertebral periosteum and dura mater that surrounds the spinal cord.
definition: A primary or metastatic neoplasm that involves the space between the vertebral periosteum and dura mater that surrounds the spinal cord.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014541
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inflammation of the EPIGLOTTIS.
definition: Inflammation of the EPIGLOTTIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014544
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A brain disorder characterized by episodes of abnormally increased neuronal discharge resulting in transient episodes of sensory or motor neurological dysfunction, or psychic dysfunction. These episodes may or may not be associated with loss of consciousness or convulsions.
definition: A brain disorder characterized by episodes of abnormally increased neuronal discharge resulting in transient episodes of sensory or motor neurological dysfunction, or psychic dysfunction. These episodes may or may not be associated with loss of consciousness or convulsions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014547
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A seizure caused by a localized disorder.
definition: A seizure caused by a localized disorder.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014548
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chronic condition characterised by recurrent generalised seizures.
definition: A chronic condition characterised by recurrent generalised seizures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014549
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)
definition: A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014550
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.
definition: A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014553
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Recurrent absence seizures are generalized seizures and are characterized by a loss of consciousness, thus, are a form of dialeptic seizures.
definition: Recurrent absence seizures are generalized seizures and are characterized by a loss of consciousness, thus, are a form of dialeptic seizures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014556
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).
definition: A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014561
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic steroid with estrogenic activity.
definition: A synthetic steroid with estrogenic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014563
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
definition: The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014571
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Abnormal separation of an epiphysis from the shaft of a bone.
definition: Abnormal separation of an epiphysis from the shaft of a bone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014581
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
definition: 4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014582
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A 4'-epi-isomer of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin. Epirubicin intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and ultimately, interfering with RNA and protein synthesis. This agent also produces toxic free-radical intermediates and interacts with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation.
definition: A 4'-epi-isomer of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin. Epirubicin intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and ultimately, interfering with RNA and protein synthesis. This agent also produces toxic free-radical intermediates and interacts with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014583
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Inflammation of the episclera, a thin layer of tissue covering the white part (sclera) of the eye.
definition: Inflammation of the episclera, a thin layer of tissue covering the white part (sclera) of the eye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014588
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is above its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the top or the side of the PENIS, but the urethra can also be open the entire length of the penis. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is often between the CLITORIS and the labia, or in the ABDOMEN.
definition: A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is above its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the top or the side of the PENIS, but the urethra can also be open the entire length of the penis. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is often between the CLITORIS and the labia, or in the ABDOMEN.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014591
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Bleeding from the nose.
definition: Bleeding from the nose.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014652
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.
definition: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014654
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A naturally occurring steroid with estrogenic activity obtained from the urine of pregnant mares.
definition: A naturally occurring steroid with estrogenic activity obtained from the urine of pregnant mares.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014661
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A horse disease caused by a retrovirus which is transmitted by biting flies. The acute phase symptoms include high fever, anemia, weakness, and swelling of the legs. The subacute phase symptoms include splenomegaly, anemia, and weight loss. The chronic phase symptoms include recurrent fevers and anemia.
definition: A horse disease caused by a retrovirus which is transmitted by biting flies. The acute phase symptoms include high fever, anemia, weakness, and swelling of the legs. The subacute phase symptoms include splenomegaly, anemia, and weight loss. The chronic phase symptoms include recurrent fevers and anemia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014670
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Plantar declination of the foot.
definition: Plantar declination of the foot.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014695
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Vitamin D2, a fat-soluble vitamin important for many biochemical processes including the absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. In vivo, ergocalciferol is formed after sun (ultraviolet) irradiation of plant-derived ergosterol, another form of vitamin D. Ergocalciferol is the form of vitamin D usually found in vitamin supplements. (NCI04)
definition: Vitamin D2, a fat-soluble vitamin important for many biochemical processes including the absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. In vivo, ergocalciferol is formed after sun (ultraviolet) irradiation of plant-derived ergosterol, another form of vitamin D. Ergocalciferol is the form of vitamin D usually found in vitamin supplements. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014704
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.
definition: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014705
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A steroid occurring in FUNGI. Irradiation with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS results in formation of ERGOCALCIFEROL (vitamin D2).
definition: A steroid occurring in FUNGI. Irradiation with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS results in formation of ERGOCALCIFEROL (vitamin D2).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014707
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Alkaloids originally isolated from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea (Hypocreaceae). They include compounds that are structurally related to ergoline (ERGOLINES) and ergotamine (ERGOTAMINES). Many of the ergot alkaloids act as alpha-adrenergic antagonists.
definition: Alkaloids originally isolated from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea (Hypocreaceae). They include compounds that are structurally related to ergoline (ERGOLINES) and ergotamine (ERGOTAMINES). Many of the ergot alkaloids act as alpha-adrenergic antagonists.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014708
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mixture of the mesylates (methane sulfonates) of DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and the alpha- and beta-isomers of DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. The substance produces a generalized peripheral vasodilation and a fall in arterial pressure and has been used to treat symptoms of mild to moderate impairment of mental function in the elderly.
definition: A mixture of the mesylates (methane sulfonates) of DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and the alpha- and beta-isomers of DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. The substance produces a generalized peripheral vasodilation and a fall in arterial pressure and has been used to treat symptoms of mild to moderate impairment of mental function in the elderly.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014710
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A naturally occurring ergot alkaloid with vasoconstrictor and analgesic property. Ergotamine selectively binds and activates serotonin (5-HT) 1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on arterio-venous anastomoses, thereby resulting in vasoconstriction and reducing the blood flow in cerebral arteries that may lead to relieve of vascular headaches. This agent also selectively binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors, thereby stimulating vascular smooth muscle and causing vasoconstriction in both arteries and veins, which also contributes to the relief of headaches. Furthermore, the activation of 5-HT1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal system results in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.
definition: A naturally occurring ergot alkaloid with vasoconstrictor and analgesic property. Ergotamine selectively binds and activates serotonin (5-HT) 1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on arterio-venous anastomoses, thereby resulting in vasoconstriction and reducing the blood flow in cerebral arteries that may lead to relieve of vascular headaches. This agent also selectively binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors, thereby stimulating vascular smooth muscle and causing vasoconstriction in both arteries and veins, which also contributes to the relief of headaches. Furthermore, the activation of 5-HT1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal system results in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014723
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A monounsaturated very long-chain fatty acid with a 22-carbon backbone and a single double bond originating from either the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 11th or 17th positions from the methyl end.
definition: A monounsaturated very long-chain fatty acid with a 22-carbon backbone and a single double bond originating from either the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 11th or 17th positions from the methyl end.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014724
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The ejection of gas or air through the mouth from the stomach.
definition: The ejection of gas or air through the mouth from the stomach.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014733
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Increased susceptibility to erysipelas, as manifested by a medical history of repeated episodes of erysipelas, which is a superficial infection of the skin, typically involving the lymphatic system. [HPO:probinson]
definition: Increased susceptibility to erysipelas, as manifested by a medical history of repeated episodes of erysipelas, which is a superficial infection of the skin, typically involving the lymphatic system. [HPO:probinson]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014736
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus ERYSIPELOTHRIX.
definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus ERYSIPELOTHRIX.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014740
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A cutaneous eruption that consists of multiple (at least two) concentric erythematous rings.
definition: A cutaneous eruption that consists of multiple (at least two) concentric erythematous rings.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014741
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A type of panniculitis characterized histologically by the presence of granulomas, vasculitis, and necrosis. It is traditionally considered to be the tuberculous counterpart of nodular vasculitis, but is now known to occur without tuberculous precedent. It is seen most commonly in adolescent and menopausal women, is initiated or exacerbated by cold weather, and typically presents as one or more recurrent erythrocyanotic nodules or plaques on the calves. The nodules may progress to form indurations, ulcerations, and scars.
definition: A type of panniculitis characterized histologically by the presence of granulomas, vasculitis, and necrosis. It is traditionally considered to be the tuberculous counterpart of nodular vasculitis, but is now known to occur without tuberculous precedent. It is seen most commonly in adolescent and menopausal women, is initiated or exacerbated by cold weather, and typically presents as one or more recurrent erythrocyanotic nodules or plaques on the calves. The nodules may progress to form indurations, ulcerations, and scars.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014742
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A hypersensitivity reaction characterized by the sudden appearance of symmetrical cutaneous and mucocutaneous macular or papular lesions which evolve into lesions with bright red borders (target lesions). The lesions usually appear in the hands, feet, extremities, and face. Symptoms include fever, malaise, sore throat, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, arthralgia, and myalgia. Causes include infections (most commonly herpes simplex virus), drugs (e.g., sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, and antibiotics), malignancies, and collagen vascular disorders.
definition: A hypersensitivity reaction characterized by the sudden appearance of symmetrical cutaneous and mucocutaneous macular or papular lesions which evolve into lesions with bright red borders (target lesions). The lesions usually appear in the hands, feet, extremities, and face. Symptoms include fever, malaise, sore throat, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, arthralgia, and myalgia. Causes include infections (most commonly herpes simplex virus), drugs (e.g., sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, and antibiotics), malignancies, and collagen vascular disorders.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014743
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral.
definition: An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014747
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A skin condition that primarily affects the scalp and face and presents as scaly inflammation. Examples include itchy, dry skin and dandruff.
definition: A skin condition that primarily affects the scalp and face and presents as scaly inflammation. Examples include itchy, dry skin and dandruff.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014752
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A chronic bacterial infection of major folds of the skin, caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.
definition: A chronic bacterial infection of major folds of the skin, caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014757
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A four-carbon sugar that is found in algae, fungi, and lichens. It is twice as sweet as sucrose and can be used as a coronary vasodilator.
definition: A four-carbon sugar that is found in algae, fungi, and lichens. It is twice as sweet as sucrose and can be used as a coronary vasodilator.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014758
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1020)
definition: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1020)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014761
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of ERYTHROBLASTS in the circulation of the FETUS or NEWBORNS. It is a disorder due to BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, such as the maternal alloimmunization by fetal antigen RH FACTORS leading to HEMOLYSIS of ERYTHROCYTES, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), general edema (HYDROPS FETALIS), and SEVERE JAUNDICE IN NEWBORN.
definition: A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of ERYTHROBLASTS in the circulation of the FETUS or NEWBORNS. It is a disorder due to BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, such as the maternal alloimmunization by fetal antigen RH FACTORS leading to HEMOLYSIS of ERYTHROCYTES, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), general edema (HYDROPS FETALIS), and SEVERE JAUNDICE IN NEWBORN.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014800
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A laboratory test result indicating an abnormally high quantity of immature red blood cells.
definition: A laboratory test result indicating an abnormally high quantity of immature red blood cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014804
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A peripheral arterial disease that is characterized by the triad of ERYTHEMA, burning PAIN, and increased SKIN TEMPERATURE of the extremities (or red, painful extremities). Erythromelalgia may be classified as primary or idiopathic, familial or non-familial. Secondary erythromelalgia is associated with other diseases, the most common being MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.
definition: A peripheral arterial disease that is characterized by the triad of ERYTHEMA, burning PAIN, and increased SKIN TEMPERATURE of the extremities (or red, painful extremities). Erythromelalgia may be classified as primary or idiopathic, familial or non-familial. Secondary erythromelalgia is associated with other diseases, the most common being MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014805
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: SCN9A-related inherited erythromelalgia (SCN9A-related IEM) is characterized by recurrent attacks of bilateral and symmetric intense pain, redness, warmth, and swelling involving the feet and, less frequently, the hands. SCN9A-related IEM is not associated with an organic disease. Manifestations may vary within a family. Onset is usually in childhood or adolescence but has been recognized in infants and adults. At onset, episodes are triggered by warmth; other precipitating factors include: exercise, tight shoes, wearing socks, alcohol, spicy foods, and other vasodilating agents. In advanced disease, symptoms may occur many times a day or become constant. Some individuals have allodynia (pain evoked by a normally innocuous stimulus) and hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to a painful stimulus). Episodes may be disabling, interfere with sleep, and severely limit normal activities such as walking, participation in sports, wearing socks and shoes, and attending school or going to work.
definition: SCN9A-related inherited erythromelalgia (SCN9A-related IEM) is characterized by recurrent attacks of bilateral and symmetric intense pain, redness, warmth, and swelling involving the feet and, less frequently, the hands. SCN9A-related IEM is not associated with an organic disease. Manifestations may vary within a family. Onset is usually in childhood or adolescence but has been recognized in infants and adults. At onset, episodes are triggered by warmth; other precipitating factors include: exercise, tight shoes, wearing socks, alcohol, spicy foods, and other vasodilating agents. In advanced disease, symptoms may occur many times a day or become constant. Some individuals have allodynia (pain evoked by a normally innocuous stimulus) and hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to a painful stimulus). Episodes may be disabling, interfere with sleep, and severely limit normal activities such as walking, participation in sports, wearing socks and shoes, and attending school or going to work.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014818
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A clinical term that refers to the presence of a red flat and well defined lesion on the oral mucosa that is not caused by trauma, vascular, or inflammatory processes. It is a precancerous condition and is seen more commonly in middle aged or older males. It is associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption. Microscopic examination reveals severe epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
definition: A clinical term that refers to the presence of a red flat and well defined lesion on the oral mucosa that is not caused by trauma, vascular, or inflammatory processes. It is a precancerous condition and is seen more commonly in middle aged or older males. It is associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption. Microscopic examination reveals severe epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014822
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.
definition: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014836
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Increased susceptibility to infections with Escherichia coli, as manifested by recurrent episodes of infection with this agent.
definition: Increased susceptibility to infections with Escherichia coli, as manifested by recurrent episodes of infection with this agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014838
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.
definition: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014839
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A derivative of COUMARIN with molecular formula C15H16O9.
definition: A derivative of COUMARIN with molecular formula C15H16O9.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014848
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A disorder of esophageal motility characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax during swallowing and by inadequate or lacking peristalsis in the lower half of the body of the esophagus.
definition: A disorder of esophageal motility characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax during swallowing and by inadequate or lacking peristalsis in the lower half of the body of the esophagus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014850
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital abnormality of the esophagus in which the upper esophagus ends as a blind pouch and does not connect with the lower esophagus; it is often accompanied by a tracheoesophageal fistula. Signs and symptoms in a newborn with this abnormality include excessive salivation, choking, coughing, and the development of cyanosis and respiratory distress when fed.
definition: A congenital abnormality of the esophagus in which the upper esophagus ends as a blind pouch and does not connect with the lower esophagus; it is often accompanied by a tracheoesophageal fistula. Signs and symptoms in a newborn with this abnormality include excessive salivation, choking, coughing, and the development of cyanosis and respiratory distress when fed.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014851
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac (CYSTS) that is lined by an EPITHELIUM and found in the ESOPHAGUS region.
definition: Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac (CYSTS) that is lined by an EPITHELIUM and found in the ESOPHAGUS region.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014852
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the esophagus. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include esophagitis and esophageal ulcer. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinomas, lymphomas, and melanomas.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the esophagus. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include esophagitis and esophageal ulcer. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinomas, lymphomas, and melanomas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014854
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Saccular protrusion beyond the wall of the ESOPHAGUS.
definition: Saccular protrusion beyond the wall of the ESOPHAGUS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014856
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.
definition: Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014858
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disorders affecting the motor function of the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; the ESOPHAGUS body, or a combination of these parts. The failure of the sphincters to maintain a tonic pressure may result in gastric reflux of food and acid into the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX). Other disorders include hypermotility (spastic disorders) and markedly increased amplitude in contraction (nutcracker esophagus).
definition: Disorders affecting the motor function of the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; the ESOPHAGUS body, or a combination of these parts. The failure of the sphincters to maintain a tonic pressure may result in gastric reflux of food and acid into the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX). Other disorders include hypermotility (spastic disorders) and markedly increased amplitude in contraction (nutcracker esophagus).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014859
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the esophagus.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the esophagus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014860
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process.
definition: An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014863
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A hypermotility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS that is characterized by spastic non-peristaltic responses to SWALLOWING; CHEST PAIN; and DYSPHAGIA.
definition: A hypermotility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS that is characterized by spastic non-peristaltic responses to SWALLOWING; CHEST PAIN; and DYSPHAGIA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014866
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A pathological narrowing of the esophagus that is caused by the development of a ring of scar tissue that constricts the esophageal lumen.
definition: A pathological narrowing of the esophagus that is caused by the development of a ring of scar tissue that constricts the esophageal lumen.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014867
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Abnormally dilated veins of the esophagus.
definition: Abnormally dilated veins of the esophagus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014868
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the esophageal wall.
definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the esophageal wall.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014869
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.
definition: INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014877
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a ""cross-eye"" appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze.
definition: A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a ""cross-eye"" appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014892
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.
definition: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014912
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A steroid sex hormone vital to the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females. Typically esterified, estradiol derivatives are formulated for oral or parenteral administration. As the primary, most potent estrogen hormone produced by the ovaries, estradiol binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors. Estradiol exhibits mild anabolic and metabolic properties, and increases blood coagulability.
definition: A steroid sex hormone vital to the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females. Typically esterified, estradiol derivatives are formulated for oral or parenteral administration. As the primary, most potent estrogen hormone produced by the ovaries, estradiol binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors. Estradiol exhibits mild anabolic and metabolic properties, and increases blood coagulability.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014915
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or action of estradiol.
definition: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or action of estradiol.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014921
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.
definition: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014922
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The orally available disodium salt, monohydrate, of estramustine phosphate, a synthetic molecule that combines estradiol and nornitrogen mustard through a carbamate link. Estramustine and its major metabolite estramustine bind to microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and tubulin, thereby inhibiting microtubule dynamics and leading to anaphase arrest in a dose-dependent fashion. This agent also exhibits anti-androgenic effects.
definition: The orally available disodium salt, monohydrate, of estramustine phosphate, a synthetic molecule that combines estradiol and nornitrogen mustard through a carbamate link. Estramustine and its major metabolite estramustine bind to microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and tubulin, thereby inhibiting microtubule dynamics and leading to anaphase arrest in a dose-dependent fashion. This agent also exhibits anti-androgenic effects.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014927
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, a large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol.
definition: A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, a large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014930
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the action or biosynthesis of estrogenic compounds.
definition: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the action or biosynthesis of estrogenic compounds.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014938
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of water-soluble, conjugated estrogens derived wholly or in part from URINE of pregnant mares or synthetically from ESTRONE and EQUILIN. It contains a sodium-salt mixture of estrone sulfate (52-62%) and equilin sulfate (22-30%) with a total of the two between 80-88%. Other concomitant conjugates include 17-alpha-dihydroequilin, 17-alpha-estradiol, and 17-beta-dihydroequilin. The potency of the preparation is expressed in terms of an equivalent quantity of sodium estrone sulfate.
definition: A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of water-soluble, conjugated estrogens derived wholly or in part from URINE of pregnant mares or synthetically from ESTRONE and EQUILIN. It contains a sodium-salt mixture of estrone sulfate (52-62%) and equilin sulfate (22-30%) with a total of the two between 80-88%. Other concomitant conjugates include 17-alpha-dihydroequilin, 17-alpha-estradiol, and 17-beta-dihydroequilin. The potency of the preparation is expressed in terms of an equivalent quantity of sodium estrone sulfate.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014939
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A class of natural or synthetic hormones that binds to a cytoplasmic receptor and initiates translocation of the hormone-receptor complex to the nucleus of target cells of tissues rich in estrogen receptors, including the endometrium, myometrium, oviduct, vagina, fallopian tube, cervix, brain, liver, placenta, ovarian cells, Leydigs cells, kidney, prostate, pancreas, heart, and skin. (NCI)
definition: A class of natural or synthetic hormones that binds to a cytoplasmic receptor and initiates translocation of the hormone-receptor complex to the nucleus of target cells of tissues rich in estrogen receptors, including the endometrium, myometrium, oviduct, vagina, fallopian tube, cervix, brain, liver, placenta, ovarian cells, Leydigs cells, kidney, prostate, pancreas, heart, and skin. (NCI)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014940
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Estrogens that are not steroids, but have a structural configuration resembling steroids and may mimic steroidal estrogen effect or bind to estrogen receptors.
definition: Estrogens that are not steroids, but have a structural configuration resembling steroids and may mimic steroidal estrogen effect or bind to estrogen receptors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014941
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds obtained by chemical synthesis which possess estrogenic activity, but differ in structure from naturally occurring estrogens.
definition: Compounds obtained by chemical synthesis which possess estrogenic activity, but differ in structure from naturally occurring estrogens.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014942
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.
definition: An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014958
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.
definition: A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014960
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A topically applied anti-infective agent.
definition: A topically applied anti-infective agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014962
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The sodium salt form of ethacrynic acid, an unsaturated ketone derivative of aryloxyacetic acid without a sulfonamide substituent belonging to the class of loop diuretics. Ethacrynic acid is extensively bound to plasma proteins; both ethacrynic acid in its unchanged form as well as its metabolites are excreted in bile and urine.
definition: The sodium salt form of ethacrynic acid, an unsaturated ketone derivative of aryloxyacetic acid without a sulfonamide substituent belonging to the class of loop diuretics. Ethacrynic acid is extensively bound to plasma proteins; both ethacrynic acid in its unchanged form as well as its metabolites are excreted in bile and urine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014963
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.
definition: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014964
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An antibiotic with bacteriostatic, antimicrobial and antitubercular properties. Ethambutol interferes with the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan, a major polysaccharide of the mycobacterial cell wall. It inhibits the polymerization of cell wall arabinan of arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan by blocking arabinosyl transferases and induces the accumulation of D-arabinofuranosyl-P-decaprenol, an intermediate in arabinan biosynthesis. This results in halting bacterial growth.
definition: An antibiotic with bacteriostatic, antimicrobial and antitubercular properties. Ethambutol interferes with the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan, a major polysaccharide of the mycobacterial cell wall. It inhibits the polymerization of cell wall arabinan of arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan by blocking arabinosyl transferases and induces the accumulation of D-arabinofuranosyl-P-decaprenol, an intermediate in arabinan biosynthesis. This results in halting bacterial growth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014967
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-steroidal estrogen antagonist.
definition: A non-steroidal estrogen antagonist.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014968
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Benzenesulfonate derivative used as a systemic hemostatic.
definition: Benzenesulfonate derivative used as a systemic hemostatic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014987
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A member of the class of tertiary carbinols with sedative and hypnotic properties. Ethchlorvynol appears to depress the central nervous system by binding at a benzodiazepine-GABA-A-chloride ionophore receptor complex, located in the limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic regions of the central nervous system (CNS). This increases the frequency of chloride channel opening, allowing the flow of chloride ions into the neuron and ultimately leading to membrane hyperpolarization and a decrease in neuronal excitability.
definition: A member of the class of tertiary carbinols with sedative and hypnotic properties. Ethchlorvynol appears to depress the central nervous system by binding at a benzodiazepine-GABA-A-chloride ionophore receptor complex, located in the limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic regions of the central nervous system (CNS). This increases the frequency of chloride channel opening, allowing the flow of chloride ions into the neuron and ultimately leading to membrane hyperpolarization and a decrease in neuronal excitability.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014994
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.
definition: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0014996
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An organic compound in which two carbon atoms are linked through an oxygen atom (C-O-C). An ether may be a product of the condensation of alcohols. Ether also refers loosely to diethyl-ether, a colorless, volatile, highly inflammable liquid used in industry and biomedical research, and historically important as an anesthetic agent. In vivo, ether acts similarly to alcohol and chloroform, but its stimulant action on the heart is much more marked. Ether is a rapidly diffusible stimulant. (NCI04)
definition: An organic compound in which two carbon atoms are linked through an oxygen atom (C-O-C). An ether may be a product of the condensation of alcohols. Ether also refers loosely to diethyl-ether, a colorless, volatile, highly inflammable liquid used in industry and biomedical research, and historically important as an anesthetic agent. In vivo, ether acts similarly to alcohol and chloroform, but its stimulant action on the heart is much more marked. Ether is a rapidly diffusible stimulant. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015008
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.
definition: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015011
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.
definition: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015020
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.
definition: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015021
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A nicotinamide derivative, with antibacterial activity, used to treat tuberculosis. Although the exact mechanism of action of ethionamide is unknown, it may inhibit the synthesis of mycolic acid, a saturated fatty acid found in the bacterial cell wall, thereby inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This eventually leads to bacterial cell wall disruption and cell lysis. Ethionamide may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism involved.
definition: A nicotinamide derivative, with antibacterial activity, used to treat tuberculosis. Although the exact mechanism of action of ethionamide is unknown, it may inhibit the synthesis of mycolic acid, a saturated fatty acid found in the bacterial cell wall, thereby inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This eventually leads to bacterial cell wall disruption and cell lysis. Ethionamide may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism involved.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015025
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.
definition: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015029
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the ethmoid sinus.
definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the ethmoid sinus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015039
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.
definition: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015041
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.
definition: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015043
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A succinimide with anticonvulsant activity. The exact mechanism of action is not entirely understood, but most likely ethosuximide exerts its effects by partial antagonism of T-type calcium channels of the thalamic neurons. This leads to a decrease in burst firing of thalamocortical neurons, which stabilizes the nerve activity in the brain and prevents seizures.
definition: A succinimide with anticonvulsant activity. The exact mechanism of action is not entirely understood, but most likely ethosuximide exerts its effects by partial antagonism of T-type calcium channels of the thalamic neurons. This leads to a decrease in burst firing of thalamocortical neurons, which stabilizes the nerve activity in the brain and prevents seizures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015046
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A hydantoin anticonvulsant with anti-epileptic activity. The mechanism of action is not completely known, but is thought to be fairly similar to phenytoin. Ethotoin influences synaptic transmission by altering sodium and calcium ion influx across neuronal membranes in the repolarization, depolarization, and membrane stability phase and interferes with the calcium uptake in presynaptic terminals. This inhibits neuronal firing and results in the stabilization of neuronal membranes, thereby preventing the spread of seizure activity at the motor cortex.
definition: A hydantoin anticonvulsant with anti-epileptic activity. The mechanism of action is not completely known, but is thought to be fairly similar to phenytoin. Ethotoin influences synaptic transmission by altering sodium and calcium ion influx across neuronal membranes in the repolarization, depolarization, and membrane stability phase and interferes with the calcium uptake in presynaptic terminals. This inhibits neuronal firing and results in the stabilization of neuronal membranes, thereby preventing the spread of seizure activity at the motor cortex.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015051
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.
definition: Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015052
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.
definition: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015056
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p226)
definition: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p226)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015058
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.
definition: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015063
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sulfonoxyalkane with carcinogenic and teratogenic properties. Ethyl methanesulfonate ethylates DNA, thereby damaging DNA and leading to genetic mutations, single-stranded breaks in DNA, and chromosomal aberrations. Ethyl methanesulfonate may be used experimentally in biomedical research. (NCI04)
definition: A sulfonoxyalkane with carcinogenic and teratogenic properties. Ethyl methanesulfonate ethylates DNA, thereby damaging DNA and leading to genetic mutations, single-stranded breaks in DNA, and chromosomal aberrations. Ethyl methanesulfonate may be used experimentally in biomedical research. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015099
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.
definition: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015109
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.
definition: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015116
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.
definition: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015117
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive.
definition: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015120
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.
definition: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015121
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.
definition: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015123
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A xanthine-related, putative nootropic drug.
definition: A xanthine-related, putative nootropic drug.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015131
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An imidazole derivative with short-acting sedative, hypnotic, and general anesthetic properties. Etomidate appears to have gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) like effects, mediated through GABA-A receptor. The action enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA on the central nervous system by causing chloride channel opening events which leads to membrane hyperpolarization.
definition: An imidazole derivative with short-acting sedative, hypnotic, and general anesthetic properties. Etomidate appears to have gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) like effects, mediated through GABA-A receptor. The action enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA on the central nervous system by causing chloride channel opening events which leads to membrane hyperpolarization.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015133
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.
definition: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015134
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.
definition: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015137
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic oral retinoid that is a prodrug of acitretin. Etretinate activates retinoid receptors, causing an induction of cell differentiation, inhibition of cell proliferation, and inhibition of tissue infiltration by inflammatory cells. Etretinate is no longer commercially available in the U.S. due to the extended potential for teratogenic effects related to its long half-life. (NCI04)
definition: A synthetic oral retinoid that is a prodrug of acitretin. Etretinate activates retinoid receptors, causing an induction of cell differentiation, inhibition of cell proliferation, and inhibition of tissue infiltration by inflammatory cells. Etretinate is no longer commercially available in the U.S. due to the extended potential for teratogenic effects related to its long half-life. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015153
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A cinnamate derivative of the shikamate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS.
definition: A cinnamate derivative of the shikamate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015190
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Abnormal thyroid function tests, low triiodothyronine with elevated reverse triiodothyronine, in the setting of non-thyroidal illness.
definition: Abnormal thyroid function tests, low triiodothyronine with elevated reverse triiodothyronine, in the setting of non-thyroidal illness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015230
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A red eruption of the skin.
definition: A red eruption of the skin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015231
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An acute, short-lived, viral disease of infants and young children characterized by a high fever at onset that drops to normal after 3-4 days and the concomitant appearance of a macular or maculopapular rash that appears first on the trunk and then spreads to other areas. It is the sixth of the classical exanthematous diseases and is caused by HHV-6; (HERPESVIRUS 6, HUMAN). (From Dorland, 27th ed)
definition: An acute, short-lived, viral disease of infants and young children characterized by a high fever at onset that drops to normal after 3-4 days and the concomitant appearance of a macular or maculopapular rash that appears first on the trunk and then spreads to other areas. It is the sixth of the classical exanthematous diseases and is caused by HHV-6; (HERPESVIRUS 6, HUMAN). (From Dorland, 27th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015263
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Sudden contraction of the smooth muscles of the bronchial wall that occurs during or following exercise.
definition: Sudden contraction of the smooth muscles of the bronchial wall that occurs during or following exercise.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015269
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving the exposure of one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger.
definition: A disorder characterized by recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving the exposure of one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015300
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.
definition: Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015306
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: The disorder hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), previously called hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), is characterized by growths of multiple osteochondromas (benign cartilage-capped bone tumors that grow outward from the metaphyses of long bones). Osteochondromas can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature, premature osteoarthrosis, and compression of peripheral nerves. The median age of diagnosis is three years; nearly all affected individuals are diagnosed by age 12 years. The risk for malignant degeneration to osteochondrosarcoma increases with age, although the lifetime risk of malignant degeneration is low (~1%).
definition: The disorder hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), previously called hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), is characterized by growths of multiple osteochondromas (benign cartilage-capped bone tumors that grow outward from the metaphyses of long bones). Osteochondromas can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature, premature osteoarthrosis, and compression of peripheral nerves. The median age of diagnosis is three years; nearly all affected individuals are diagnosed by age 12 years. The risk for malignant degeneration to osteochondrosarcoma increases with age, although the lifetime risk of malignant degeneration is low (~1%).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015310
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of ocular misalignment where the visual axes diverge inappropriately. For example, medial rectus muscle weakness may produce this condition as the affected eye will deviate laterally upon attempted forward gaze. An exotropia occurs due to the relatively unopposed force exerted on the eye by the lateral rectus muscle, which pulls the eye in an outward direction.
definition: A form of ocular misalignment where the visual axes diverge inappropriately. For example, medial rectus muscle weakness may produce this condition as the affected eye will deviate laterally upon attempted forward gaze. An exotropia occurs due to the relatively unopposed force exerted on the eye by the lateral rectus muscle, which pulls the eye in an outward direction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015314
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that increase mucous excretion. Mucolytic agents, that is drugs that liquefy mucous secretions, are also included here.
definition: Agents that increase mucous excretion. Mucolytic agents, that is drugs that liquefy mucous secretions, are also included here.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015326
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is ERV.
definition: The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is ERV.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015338
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Eversion of a hollow organ and exposure, inside out, and protruded through the abdominal wall.
definition: Eversion of a hollow organ and exposure, inside out, and protruded through the abdominal wall.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015371
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A movement disorder caused by defects in the basal ganglia. The clinical manifestations include changes in the muscle tone, dyskinesia, and akinesia. Causes include vascular disorders, degenerative disorders, and antipsychotic drugs.
definition: A movement disorder caused by defects in the basal ganglia. The clinical manifestations include changes in the muscle tone, dyskinesia, and akinesia. Causes include vascular disorders, degenerative disorders, and antipsychotic drugs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015376
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The leakage of body fluid or cells from the vascular system to the surrounding tissues. This process occurs either by force or as a result of a pathologic reaction (e.g., inflammation). This process may sometimes allow cancer cells to migrate from capillaries to adjacent tissues, initiating micro-metastases.
definition: The leakage of body fluid or cells from the vascular system to the surrounding tissues. This process occurs either by force or as a result of a pathologic reaction (e.g., inflammation). This process may sometimes allow cancer cells to migrate from capillaries to adjacent tissues, initiating micro-metastases.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015393
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder of the eye that is present at birth. Representative examples include congenital cataract, congenital glaucoma, and astigmatism.
definition: A disorder of the eye that is present at birth. Representative examples include congenital cataract, congenital glaucoma, and astigmatism.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015397
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the eye. Representative examples include conjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataract, conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, uveal melanoma, and retinoblastoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the eye. Representative examples include conjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataract, conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, uveal melanoma, and retinoblastoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015398
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Transmission of gene defects or chromosomal aberrations/abnormalities which are expressed in extreme variation in the structure or function of the eye. These may be evident at birth, but may be manifested later with progression of the disorder.
definition: Transmission of gene defects or chromosomal aberrations/abnormalities which are expressed in extreme variation in the structure or function of the eye. These may be evident at birth, but may be manifested later with progression of the disorder.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015402
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Bleeding from vessels of the various tissues of the eye.
definition: Bleeding from vessels of the various tissues of the eye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015403
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infectious process affecting any part of the eye. Causes include viruses and bacteria. Symptoms include itching and discomfort in the eye, watery eyes, eye pain and discharge, and blurring vision. Representative examples include pink eye, blepharitis, and trachoma.
definition: An infectious process affecting any part of the eye. Causes include viruses and bacteria. Symptoms include itching and discomfort in the eye, watery eyes, eye pain and discharge, and blurring vision. Representative examples include pink eye, blepharitis, and trachoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015404
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia.
definition: Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015405
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.
definition: Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015406
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.
definition: Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015407
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus.
definition: Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015411
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.
definition: Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015414
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the structures of the eye.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the structures of the eye.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015423
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any disease affecting the eyelid.
definition: Any disease affecting the eyelid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015424
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the eyelid. Representative examples include hemangioma, nevus, and carcinoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the eyelid. Representative examples include hemangioma, nevus, and carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015456
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Skin diseases involving the FACE.
definition: Skin diseases involving the FACE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015457
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Observable changes of expression in the face in response to emotional stimuli.
definition: Observable changes of expression in the face in response to emotional stimuli.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015458
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: A rare acquired disorder with characteristics of unilateral slowly progressive atrophy of the skin and soft tissues of half of the face leading to a sunken appearance. Muscles, cartilage and the underlying bony structures may also be involved. Usually presents during the first 20 years of life and may start with alopecia, hair hypopigmentation, and atrophy. May extend to the upper lip and or one side of the tongue and the masticatory muscles, resulting in deviation of the nose and or mouth toward the affected side. Rarely both sides of the face and the skin on the arms/trunk/leg or the entire body may be involved. Autoimmunity may be a cause along with facial or head trauma, meningoencephalitis, abnormal development or hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, neuro-vasculitis, angiogenesis anomalies, and slow viral infections. Sporadic but rare familial cases have been reported.
definition: A rare acquired disorder with characteristics of unilateral slowly progressive atrophy of the skin and soft tissues of half of the face leading to a sunken appearance. Muscles, cartilage and the underlying bony structures may also be involved. Usually presents during the first 20 years of life and may start with alopecia, hair hypopigmentation, and atrophy. May extend to the upper lip and or one side of the tongue and the masticatory muscles, resulting in deviation of the nose and or mouth toward the affected side. Rarely both sides of the face and the skin on the arms/trunk/leg or the entire body may be involved. Autoimmunity may be a cause along with facial or head trauma, meningoencephalitis, abnormal development or hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, neuro-vasculitis, angiogenesis anomalies, and slow viral infections. Sporadic but rare familial cases have been reported.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015461
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the face.
definition: A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the face.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015464
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve).
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015467
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Neuralgic syndromes which feature chronic or recurrent FACIAL PAIN as the primary manifestation of disease. Disorders of the trigeminal and facial nerves are frequently associated with these conditions.
definition: Neuralgic syndromes which feature chronic or recurrent FACIAL PAIN as the primary manifestation of disease. Disorders of the trigeminal and facial nerves are frequently associated with these conditions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015468
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.
definition: Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015469
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Complete loss of ability to move facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve (i.e., the seventh cranial nerve).
definition: Complete loss of ability to move facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve (i.e., the seventh cranial nerve).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015480
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are intentionally produced in order to assume the sick role; there is no external incentive for the behavior, such as economic gain or avoiding legal responsibility, and the person is unaware of any self-motivating factors.
definition: A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are intentionally produced in order to assume the sick role; there is no external incentive for the behavior, such as economic gain or avoiding legal responsibility, and the person is unaware of any self-motivating factors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015491
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Its activated form, IXa, forms a complex with factor VIII and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor X to Xa. Deficiency of factor IX results in HEMOPHILIA B (Christmas Disease).
definition: Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Its activated form, IXa, forms a complex with factor VIII and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor X to Xa. Deficiency of factor IX results in HEMOPHILIA B (Christmas Disease).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015499
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Factor V Leiden thrombophilia is characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC) and an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the most common VTE, with the legs being the most common site. Thrombosis in unusual locations is less common. Evidence suggests that heterozygosity for the Leiden variant has at most a modest effect on risk for recurrent thrombosis after initial treatment of a first VTE. It is unlikely that factor V Leiden thrombophilia (i.e., heterozygosity or homozygosity for the Leiden variant) is a major factor contributing to pregnancy loss and other adverse pregnancy outcomes (preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and placental abruption). The clinical expression of factor V Leiden thrombophilia is influenced by the following: The number of Leiden variants (heterozygotes have a slightly increased risk for venous thrombosis; homozygotes have a much greater thrombotic risk). Coexisting genetic thrombophilic disorders, which have a supra-additive effect on overall thrombotic risk. Acquired thrombophilic disorders: antiphospholipid antibody (APLA) syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, myeloproliferative disorders, and increased levels of clotting factors. Circumstantial risk factors including but not limited to pregnancy, central venous catheters, travel, combined oral contraceptive (COC) use and other combined contraceptives, oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), obesity, leg injury, and advancing age.
definition: Factor V Leiden thrombophilia is characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC) and an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the most common VTE, with the legs being the most common site. Thrombosis in unusual locations is less common. Evidence suggests that heterozygosity for the Leiden variant has at most a modest effect on risk for recurrent thrombosis after initial treatment of a first VTE. It is unlikely that factor V Leiden thrombophilia (i.e., heterozygosity or homozygosity for the Leiden variant) is a major factor contributing to pregnancy loss and other adverse pregnancy outcomes (preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and placental abruption). The clinical expression of factor V Leiden thrombophilia is influenced by the following: The number of Leiden variants (heterozygotes have a slightly increased risk for venous thrombosis; homozygotes have a much greater thrombotic risk). Coexisting genetic thrombophilic disorders, which have a supra-additive effect on overall thrombotic risk. Acquired thrombophilic disorders: antiphospholipid antibody (APLA) syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, myeloproliferative disorders, and increased levels of clotting factors. Circumstantial risk factors including but not limited to pregnancy, central venous catheters, travel, combined oral contraceptive (COC) use and other combined contraceptives, oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), obesity, leg injury, and advancing age.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015502
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Coagulation factor VII (466 aa, ~52 kDa) is encoded by the human F7 gene. This protein is involved in both binding to tissue factor and the initiation of blood coagulation.
definition: Coagulation factor VII (466 aa, ~52 kDa) is encoded by the human F7 gene. This protein is involved in both binding to tissue factor and the initiation of blood coagulation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015503
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Factor VII deficiency is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder showing variable severity (summary by Millar et al., 2000). Perry (2002) provided a comprehensive review of factor VII deficiency with a description of F7 polymorphisms, gene structure, and a summary of 120 mutations.
definition: Factor VII deficiency is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder showing variable severity (summary by Millar et al., 2000). Perry (2002) provided a comprehensive review of factor VII deficiency with a description of F7 polymorphisms, gene structure, and a summary of 120 mutations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015505
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Activated form of factor VII. Factor VIIa activates factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.
definition: Activated form of factor VII. Factor VIIa activates factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015506
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Factor VIII of blood coagulation. Antihemophilic factor that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. Factor VIII is produced in the liver and acts in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. It serves as a cofactor in factor X activation and this action is markedly enhanced by small amounts of thrombin.
definition: Factor VIII of blood coagulation. Antihemophilic factor that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. Factor VIII is produced in the liver and acts in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. It serves as a cofactor in factor X activation and this action is markedly enhanced by small amounts of thrombin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015519
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Factor X deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder showing variable phenotypic severity. Affected individuals can manifest prolonged nasal and mucosal hemorrhage, menorrhagia, hematuria, and occasionally hemarthrosis. The disorder can be caused either by reduced levels of the factor X protein or by synthesis of a dysfunctional factor X protein (summary by Millar et al., 2000).
definition: Factor X deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder showing variable phenotypic severity. Affected individuals can manifest prolonged nasal and mucosal hemorrhage, menorrhagia, hematuria, and occasionally hemarthrosis. The disorder can be caused either by reduced levels of the factor X protein or by synthesis of a dysfunctional factor X protein (summary by Millar et al., 2000).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015523
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Factor XI deficiency is an autosomal bleeding disorder characterized by reduced levels of factor XI in plasma (less than 15 IU/dL). Bleeding occurs mainly after trauma or surgery. On the basis of the concordance or discordance of F11 antigen and activity, the disorder is classified into the more frequent cross-reactive negative (CRM-) and the rarer CRM positive (CRM+) (summary by Duga and Salomon, 2009).
definition: Factor XI deficiency is an autosomal bleeding disorder characterized by reduced levels of factor XI in plasma (less than 15 IU/dL). Bleeding occurs mainly after trauma or surgery. On the basis of the concordance or discordance of F11 antigen and activity, the disorder is classified into the more frequent cross-reactive negative (CRM-) and the rarer CRM positive (CRM+) (summary by Duga and Salomon, 2009).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015526
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of factor XII activity in the blood. It is not associated with increased bleeding risk.
definition: A coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of factor XII activity in the blood. It is not associated with increased bleeding risk.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015528
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A fibrin-stabilizing plasma enzyme (TRANSGLUTAMINASES) that is activated by THROMBIN and CALCIUM to form FACTOR XIIIA. It is important for stabilizing the formation of the fibrin polymer (clot) which culminates the coagulation cascade.
definition: A fibrin-stabilizing plasma enzyme (TRANSGLUTAMINASES) that is activated by THROMBIN and CALCIUM to form FACTOR XIIIA. It is important for stabilizing the formation of the fibrin polymer (clot) which culminates the coagulation cascade.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015530
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A deficiency of blood coagulation FACTOR XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF) that prevents blood clot formation and results in a clinical hemorrhagic diathesis.
definition: A deficiency of blood coagulation FACTOR XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF) that prevents blood clot formation and results in a clinical hemorrhagic diathesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015544
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A clinical finding indicating less than normal growth in an infant or child, or a state of global decline in an adult.
definition: A clinical finding indicating less than normal growth in an infant or child, or a state of global decline in an adult.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015556
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the fallopian tube. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include salpingitis and endometriosis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include papilloma, adenofibroma, carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, and carcinosarcoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the fallopian tube. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include salpingitis and endometriosis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include papilloma, adenofibroma, carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, and carcinosarcoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015558
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the fallopian tube. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include papilloma, adenofibroma, and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and adenosarcoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the fallopian tube. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include papilloma, adenofibroma, and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and adenosarcoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015620
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.
definition: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015624
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A genetic or acquired disorder characterized by impairment of the function of the proximal tubules of the kidney. It results in decreased reabsorption of electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients.
definition: A genetic or acquired disorder characterized by impairment of the function of the proximal tubules of the kidney. It results in decreased reabsorption of electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015625
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by physical abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and increased risk for malignancy. Physical abnormalities, present in approximately 75% of affected individuals, include one or more of the following: short stature, abnormal skin pigmentation, skeletal malformations of the upper and lower limbs, microcephaly, and ophthalmic and genitourinary tract anomalies. Progressive bone marrow failure with pancytopenia typically presents in the first decade, often initially with thrombocytopenia or leukopenia. The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia is 13% by age 50 years. Solid tumors – particularly of the head and neck, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract – are more common in individuals with FA.
definition: Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by physical abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and increased risk for malignancy. Physical abnormalities, present in approximately 75% of affected individuals, include one or more of the following: short stature, abnormal skin pigmentation, skeletal malformations of the upper and lower limbs, microcephaly, and ophthalmic and genitourinary tract anomalies. Progressive bone marrow failure with pancytopenia typically presents in the first decade, often initially with thrombocytopenia or leukopenia. The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia is 13% by age 50 years. Solid tumors – particularly of the head and neck, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract – are more common in individuals with FA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015634
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens associated with farm environment. Antigens in the farm dust are commonly from bacteria actinomycetes (SACCHAROPOLYSPORA and THERMOACTINOMYCES), fungi, and animal proteins in the soil, straw, crops, pelts, serum, and excreta.
definition: A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens associated with farm environment. Antigens in the farm dust are commonly from bacteria actinomycetes (SACCHAROPOLYSPORA and THERMOACTINOMYCES), fungi, and animal proteins in the soil, straw, crops, pelts, serum, and excreta.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015637
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
definition: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015644
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Fasciculations are observed as small, local, involuntary muscle contractions (twitching) visible under the skin. Fasciculations result from increased irritability of an axon (which in turn is often a manifestation of disease of a motor neuron). This leads to sporadic discharges of all the muscle fibers controlled by the axon in isolation from other motor units.
definition: Fasciculations are observed as small, local, involuntary muscle contractions (twitching) visible under the skin. Fasciculations result from increased irritability of an axon (which in turn is often a manifestation of disease of a motor neuron). This leads to sporadic discharges of all the muscle fibers controlled by the axon in isolation from other motor units.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015645
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Inflammation of fascia, the tissue under the skin and over the muscle.
definition: Inflammation of fascia, the tissue under the skin and over the muscle.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015652
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A parasitic infection that is caused by liver flukes, usually Fasciola hepatica, of sheep, goats, and cattle. Humans become infected by eating uncooked, infested aquatic vegetation (classically watercress). Adult flukes inhabit the bile ducts, gallbladder, and occasionally ectopic sites. Symptoms arise secondary to inflammatory response or obstruction.
definition: A parasitic infection that is caused by liver flukes, usually Fasciola hepatica, of sheep, goats, and cattle. Humans become infected by eating uncooked, infested aquatic vegetation (classically watercress). Adult flukes inhabit the bile ducts, gallbladder, and occasionally ectopic sites. Symptoms arise secondary to inflammatory response or obstruction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015655
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection of cattle and other herbivores with the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna. It is characterized by extensive destruction of the liver parenchyma.
definition: Infection of cattle and other herbivores with the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna. It is characterized by extensive destruction of the liver parenchyma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015656
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A small bowel infection that is caused by Fasciolopsis buski, which is endemic in the Far East and Southeast Asia, and which is transmitted via the consumption of raw or undercooked aquatic plants. The spectrum of manifestations range from asymptomatic to intestinal symptoms from local invasion or allergic response.
definition: A small bowel infection that is caused by Fasciolopsis buski, which is endemic in the Far East and Southeast Asia, and which is transmitted via the consumption of raw or undercooked aquatic plants. The spectrum of manifestations range from asymptomatic to intestinal symptoms from local invasion or allergic response.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015663
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abstaining from FOOD.
definition: Abstaining from FOOD.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015667
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Emulsions of fats or lipids used primarily in parenteral feeding.
definition: Emulsions of fats or lipids used primarily in parenteral feeding.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015668
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.
definition: A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015672
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A subjective feeling of tiredness characterized by a lack of energy and motivation.
definition: A subjective feeling of tiredness characterized by a lack of energy and motivation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015674
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)
definition: A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015677
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The glyceryl esters of a fatty acid, or of a mixture of fatty acids. They are generally odorless, colorless, and tasteless if pure, but they may be flavored according to origin. Fats are insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. They occur in animal and vegetable tissue and are generally obtained by boiling or by extraction under pressure. They are important in the diet (DIETARY FATS) as a source of energy. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
definition: The glyceryl esters of a fatty acid, or of a mixture of fatty acids. They are generally odorless, colorless, and tasteless if pure, but they may be flavored according to origin. Fats are insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. They occur in animal and vegetable tissue and are generally obtained by boiling or by extraction under pressure. They are important in the diet (DIETARY FATS) as a source of energy. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015689
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of unsaturated fatty acids occurring mainly in fish oils, with three double bonds at particular positions in the hydrocarbon chain.
definition: A group of unsaturated fatty acids occurring mainly in fish oils, with three double bonds at particular positions in the hydrocarbon chain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015695
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.
definition: Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015696
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells that is due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. The fatty changes in the alcoholic fatty liver may be reversible, depending on the amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES accumulated.
definition: Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells that is due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. The fatty changes in the alcoholic fatty liver may be reversible, depending on the amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES accumulated.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015702
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which is characterized by hemolysis.
definition: A condition associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which is characterized by hemolysis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015708
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Fazio-Londe disease is a progressive bulbar palsy with onset in childhood that presents with hypotonia and respiratory insufficiency (summary by Bosch et al., 2011).
definition: Fazio-Londe disease is a progressive bulbar palsy with onset in childhood that presents with hypotonia and respiratory insufficiency (summary by Bosch et al., 2011).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015732
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.
definition: Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015734
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Formation of a firm impassable mass of stool in the RECTUM or distal COLON.
definition: Formation of a firm impassable mass of stool in the RECTUM or distal COLON.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015765
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A highly contagious DNA virus infection of the cat family, characterized by fever, enteritis and bone marrow changes. It is also called feline ataxia, feline agranulocytosis, feline infectious enteritis, cat fever, cat plague, and show fever. It is caused by FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS or the closely related MINK ENTERITIS VIRUS or CANINE PARVOVIRUS.
definition: A highly contagious DNA virus infection of the cat family, characterized by fever, enteritis and bone marrow changes. It is also called feline ataxia, feline agranulocytosis, feline infectious enteritis, cat fever, cat plague, and show fever. It is caused by FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS or the closely related MINK ENTERITIS VIRUS or CANINE PARVOVIRUS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015772
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.
definition: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015773
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune NEUTROPENIA; and SPLENOMEGALY.
definition: A rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune NEUTROPENIA; and SPLENOMEGALY.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015777
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vasoconstrictor with reduced antidiuretic activity.
definition: A synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vasoconstrictor with reduced antidiuretic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015786
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by a recurrent or persistent inability to attain or maintain until completion of sexual activity an adequate physical response of sexual excitement, consisting of vasocongestion in the pelvis, vaginal lubrication and expansion, and swelling of the external genitalia.
definition: A disorder characterized by a recurrent or persistent inability to attain or maintain until completion of sexual activity an adequate physical response of sexual excitement, consisting of vasocongestion in the pelvis, vaginal lubrication and expansion, and swelling of the external genitalia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015799
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Development of female secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the MALE. It is due to the effects of estrogenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.
definition: Development of female secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the MALE. It is due to the effects of estrogenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015807
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: New abnormal growth of tissue in the FEMUR.
definition: New abnormal growth of tissue in the FEMUR.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015814
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Aseptic or avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The major types are idiopathic (primary), as a complication of fractures or dislocations, and LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE.
definition: Aseptic or avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The major types are idiopathic (primary), as a complication of fractures or dislocations, and LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015820
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The hydrochloride salt form of nefopam, a centrally-acting, non-opioid benzoxazocine with analgesic activity. The mechanism of action through which nefopam exerts its analgesic effects is, as of yet, largely unknown but may involve inhibition of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake.
definition: The hydrochloride salt form of nefopam, a centrally-acting, non-opioid benzoxazocine with analgesic activity. The mechanism of action through which nefopam exerts its analgesic effects is, as of yet, largely unknown but may involve inhibition of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015821
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.
definition: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015824
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.
definition: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015827
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.
definition: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015837
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
definition: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015840
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A short-acting sympathomimetic agent with bronchodilator activity. Fenoterol stimulates beta-2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, thereby activating the enzyme adenylate cyclase that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP concentrations relax bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, and reduce inflammatory cell mediator release, especially from mast cells.
definition: A short-acting sympathomimetic agent with bronchodilator activity. Fenoterol stimulates beta-2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, thereby activating the enzyme adenylate cyclase that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP concentrations relax bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, and reduce inflammatory cell mediator release, especially from mast cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015846
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
definition: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015852
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.
definition: Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015879
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An iron protein complex, containing up to 23% iron, formed by the union of ferric iron with apoferritin; it is found in the intestinal mucosa, spleen, bone marrow, reticulocytes, and liver, and regulates iron storage and transport from the intestinal lumen to plasma.
definition: An iron protein complex, containing up to 23% iron, formed by the union of ferric iron with apoferritin; it is found in the intestinal mucosa, spleen, bone marrow, reticulocytes, and liver, and regulates iron storage and transport from the intestinal lumen to plasma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015896
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs used to increase fertility or to treat infertility.
definition: Drugs used to increase fertility or to treat infertility.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015897
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.
definition: Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015900
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Compounds which increase the capacity of the male to induce conception.
definition: Compounds which increase the capacity of the male to induce conception.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015923
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition occurring in FETUS or NEWBORN due to in utero ETHANOL exposure when mother consumed alcohol during pregnancy. It is characterized by a cluster of irreversible BIRTH DEFECTS including abnormalities in physical, mental, and behavior development (such as FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; MENTAL RETARDATION; ATTENTION DEFICIT AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS) with varied degree of severity in an individual.
definition: A condition occurring in FETUS or NEWBORN due to in utero ETHANOL exposure when mother consumed alcohol during pregnancy. It is characterized by a cluster of irreversible BIRTH DEFECTS including abnormalities in physical, mental, and behavior development (such as FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; MENTAL RETARDATION; ATTENTION DEFICIT AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS) with varied degree of severity in an individual.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015927
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Death of a fetus after 10 weeks gestation.
definition: Death of a fetus after 10 weeks gestation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015929
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which occurs in the fetus.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which occurs in the fetus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015930
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.
definition: A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015934
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age. [HPO:probinson]
definition: An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age. [HPO:probinson]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015938
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.
definition: A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015944
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a condition which occurs in pregnancy when the amniotic sac ruptures more than an hour before the onset of labor.
definition: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a condition which occurs in pregnancy when the amniotic sac ruptures more than an hour before the onset of labor.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015951
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).
definition: The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015957
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition in which inanimate objects are utilized as a preferred or exclusive method of stimulating erotic arousal.
definition: A condition in which inanimate objects are utilized as a preferred or exclusive method of stimulating erotic arousal.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015959
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Loss of fetal blood into the maternal circulation.
definition: Loss of fetal blood into the maternal circulation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015967
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition characterized by an abnormally high body temperature. In a hyperthermic state, the hypothalamic set-point is normal but body temperature increases and overrides the ability to lose heat, resulting from exogenous heat exposure or endogenous heat production.
definition: A condition characterized by an abnormally high body temperature. In a hyperthermic state, the hypothalamic set-point is normal but body temperature increases and overrides the ability to lose heat, resulting from exogenous heat exposure or endogenous heat production.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015970
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A febrile process with an etiology that is not apparent or yet determined.
definition: A febrile process with an etiology that is not apparent or yet determined.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015980
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A class of interferon elaborated by fibroblasts.
definition: A class of interferon elaborated by fibroblasts.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0015982
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A glycosylated elastic protein produced by the cleavage of fibrinogen by the protease thrombin during blood coagulation.
definition: A glycosylated elastic protein produced by the cleavage of fibrinogen by the protease thrombin during blood coagulation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016006
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A fibrillar protein present in blood plasma; it converts to fibrin during the process of blood clot formation.
definition: A fibrillar protein present in blood plasma; it converts to fibrin during the process of blood clot formation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016016
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A product of the lysis of plasminogen (profibrinolysin) by PLASMINOGEN activators. It is composed of two polypeptide chains, light (B) and heavy (A), with a molecular weight of 75,000. It is the major proteolytic enzyme involved in blood clot retraction or the lysis of fibrin and quickly inactivated by antiplasmins.
definition: A product of the lysis of plasminogen (profibrinolysin) by PLASMINOGEN activators. It is composed of two polypeptide chains, light (B) and heavy (A), with a molecular weight of 75,000. It is the major proteolytic enzyme involved in blood clot retraction or the lysis of fibrin and quickly inactivated by antiplasmins.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016018
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any agent capable of dissolving an existing blood clot in order to reperfuse the blocked blood vessel.
definition: Any agent capable of dissolving an existing blood clot in order to reperfuse the blocked blood vessel.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016034
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.
definition: A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016037
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare autosomal dominant disease with complete penetrance involving progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. FOP has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2 million worldwide, and shows no geographic, ethnic, racial, or gender preference. Individuals with FOP appear normal at birth except for great toe abnormalities: the great toes are short, deviated, and monophalangic. Ossification occurs progressively over the course of a lifetime in an inevitable and unpredictable episodic manner, with most patients being confined to a wheelchair by the third decade of life and requiring lifelong care (summary by Petrie et al., 2009).
definition: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare autosomal dominant disease with complete penetrance involving progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. FOP has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2 million worldwide, and shows no geographic, ethnic, racial, or gender preference. Individuals with FOP appear normal at birth except for great toe abnormalities: the great toes are short, deviated, and monophalangic. Ossification occurs progressively over the course of a lifetime in an inevitable and unpredictable episodic manner, with most patients being confined to a wheelchair by the third decade of life and requiring lifelong care (summary by Petrie et al., 2009).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016045
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.
definition: A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016047
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Fibroma that occurs in a rabbit.
definition: Fibroma that occurs in a rabbit.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016048
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A poorly circumscribed neoplasm arising from the soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and an infiltrative growth pattern.
definition: A poorly circumscribed neoplasm arising from the soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and an infiltrative growth pattern.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016049
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Generalized or localized diffuse fibrous overgrowth of the gingival tissue, usually transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, but some cases are idiopathic and others produced by drugs. The enlarged gingiva is pink, firm, and has a leather-like consistency with a minutely pebbled surface and in severe cases the teeth are almost completely covered and the enlargement projects into the oral vestibule. (Dorland, 28th ed)
definition: Generalized or localized diffuse fibrous overgrowth of the gingival tissue, usually transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, but some cases are idiopathic and others produced by drugs. The enlarged gingiva is pink, firm, and has a leather-like consistency with a minutely pebbled surface and in severe cases the teeth are almost completely covered and the enlargement projects into the oral vestibule. (Dorland, 28th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016052
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMDA) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory arterial disease that most commonly involves the renal and carotid arteries. The prevalence of symptomatic renal artery FMDA is about 4 in 1,000 and the prevalence of cervicocranial FMDA is about half of that. Histologic classification includes 3 main subtypes, intimal, medial, and perimedial, which may be associated in a single patient. Angiographic classification includes the multifocal type, with multiple stenoses and the 'string of beads' appearance that is related to medial FMDA, and tubular and focal types, which are not clearly related to specific histologic lesions (summary by Plouin et al., 2007)
definition: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMDA) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory arterial disease that most commonly involves the renal and carotid arteries. The prevalence of symptomatic renal artery FMDA is about 4 in 1,000 and the prevalence of cervicocranial FMDA is about half of that. Histologic classification includes 3 main subtypes, intimal, medial, and perimedial, which may be associated in a single patient. Angiographic classification includes the multifocal type, with multiple stenoses and the 'string of beads' appearance that is related to medial FMDA, and tubular and focal types, which are not clearly related to specific histologic lesions (summary by Plouin et al., 2007)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016053
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chronic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by pain, stiffness, and tenderness in the muscles of neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs. Other signs and symptoms include headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and painful menstruation.
definition: A chronic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by pain, stiffness, and tenderness in the muscles of neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs. Other signs and symptoms include headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and painful menstruation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016057
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A fibroblastic sarcoma is a malignant tumor derived from fibrous connective tissue and characterized by immature proliferating fibroblasts or undifferentiated anaplastic spindle cells.
definition: A fibroblastic sarcoma is a malignant tumor derived from fibrous connective tissue and characterized by immature proliferating fibroblasts or undifferentiated anaplastic spindle cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016059
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.
definition: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016063
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex by fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).
definition: A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex by fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016064
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE involving only one bone.
definition: FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE involving only one bone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016065
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.
definition: FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016072
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A furocoumarin that intercalates with DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division. Psoralen is used in Photochemotherapy with high-intensity long-wavelength UVA irradiation. Psoralens are tricyclic furocumarins and have a strong tendency to intercalate with DNA base pairs. Irradiation of nucleic acids in the presence of psoralen with long wave UV (~360 nm) results in the 2+2 cyclo- addition of either of its two photoreactive sites with 5,6-carbon bonds of pyrimidines resulting in crosslinking double-stranded nucleic acids.
definition: A furocoumarin that intercalates with DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division. Psoralen is used in Photochemotherapy with high-intensity long-wavelength UVA irradiation. Psoralens are tricyclic furocumarins and have a strong tendency to intercalate with DNA base pairs. Irradiation of nucleic acids in the presence of psoralen with long wave UV (~360 nm) results in the 2+2 cyclo- addition of either of its two photoreactive sites with 5,6-carbon bonds of pyrimidines resulting in crosslinking double-stranded nucleic acids.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016085
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Infection by filarial worms.
definition: Infection by filarial worms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016089
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infection that is caused by the organism Mansonella ozzardi.
definition: An infection that is caused by the organism Mansonella ozzardi.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016090
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pharmacological agents destructive to nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea.
definition: Pharmacological agents destructive to nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016142
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A compulsion to set fires.
definition: A compulsion to set fires.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016154
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).
definition: Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016156
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The oil extracted from fish such as cod, salmon, and shark. Fish liver oils typically contain high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and vitamins A and D. It is used as a dietary supplement.
definition: The oil extracted from fish such as cod, salmon, and shark. Fish liver oils typically contain high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and vitamins A and D. It is used as a dietary supplement.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016157
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An oil derived from the tissues of oily fish. Fish oil is considered valuable due to its high content of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Such fatty acids are not actually produced in fish, but are accumulated from phytoplankton which produce omega-3 fatty acids.
definition: An oil derived from the tissues of oily fish. Fish oil is considered valuable due to its high content of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Such fatty acids are not actually produced in fish, but are accumulated from phytoplankton which produce omega-3 fatty acids.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016167
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A painful linear ulcer at the margin of the anus. It appears as a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus and is very painful and difficult to heal. (Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)
definition: A painful linear ulcer at the margin of the anus. It appears as a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus and is very painful and difficult to heal. (Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016169
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.
definition: Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016171
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An abnormal connection between the intestine and another epithelial-lined structure, but that does not include the rectum or anus.
definition: An abnormal connection between the intestine and another epithelial-lined structure, but that does not include the rectum or anus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016190
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis.
definition: An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016196
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A complication of multiple RIB FRACTURES; RIB and STERNUM fractures, or thoracic surgery. A portion of the THORACIC WALL becomes isolated from the RIB CAGE and exhibits paradoxical respiration.
definition: A complication of multiple RIB FRACTURES; RIB and STERNUM fractures, or thoracic surgery. A portion of the THORACIC WALL becomes isolated from the RIB CAGE and exhibits paradoxical respiration.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016199
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the flank.
definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the flank.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016202
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced.
definition: A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016204
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: Passage of gas by anus
definition: Passage of gas by anus

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016225
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.
definition: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016229
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.
definition: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016242
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Deposits of various size, shape, consistency, refractive index, and motility within the eye's vitreous humour, which is normally transparent. [HPO:sdoelken]
definition: Deposits of various size, shape, consistency, refractive index, and motility within the eye's vitreous humour, which is normally transparent. [HPO:sdoelken]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016277
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic triazole with antifungal activity. Fluconazole preferentially inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450 sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation, resulting in the accumulation of fungal 14 alpha-methyl sterols, the loss of normal fungal sterols, and fungistatic activity. Mammalian cell demethylation is much less sensitive to fluconazole inhibition.
definition: A synthetic triazole with antifungal activity. Fluconazole preferentially inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450 sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation, resulting in the accumulation of fungal 14 alpha-methyl sterols, the loss of normal fungal sterols, and fungistatic activity. Mammalian cell demethylation is much less sensitive to fluconazole inhibition.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016278
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.
definition: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016280
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic corticosteroid with antiinflammatory and antiallergic properties. Fludrocortisone is a mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor agonist that binds to cytoplasmic receptors, translocates to the nucleus and subsequently initiates the transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins to inhibit phospholipase A2. This prevents the release of arachidonic acid, a precursor to prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both important mediators in the pro-inflammatory response mechanism. In addition, this agent exerts its mineralocorticoid effect on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney by inducing permease, an enzyme that regulates Na+ permeability in cells, thereby enhancing Na+ reabsorption and water retention as well as increasing K+, H+ excretion.
definition: A synthetic corticosteroid with antiinflammatory and antiallergic properties. Fludrocortisone is a mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor agonist that binds to cytoplasmic receptors, translocates to the nucleus and subsequently initiates the transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins to inhibit phospholipase A2. This prevents the release of arachidonic acid, a precursor to prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both important mediators in the pro-inflammatory response mechanism. In addition, this agent exerts its mineralocorticoid effect on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney by inducing permease, an enzyme that regulates Na+ permeability in cells, thereby enhancing Na+ reabsorption and water retention as well as increasing K+, H+ excretion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016282
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16)
definition: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016293
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.
definition: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016294
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.
definition: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016295
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.
definition: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016296
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.
definition: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016298
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)
definition: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016299
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic glucocorticoid and derivative of fluocinolone acetonide with anti-inflammatory and antipruritic activities. Fluocinonide binds the glucocorticoid receptor, followed by translocation of the ligand-receptor complex to the nucleus and transcription activation of genes containing glucocorticoid-responsive elements. Lipocortin-1 is one factor induced by fluocinonide that interacts and inhibits cytosolic phospholipase 2 alpha, thereby preventing phospholipase translocation to the perinuclear membrane and subsequent release and conversion of arachidonic acid to inflammatory prostaglandins. In addition, MAPK phosphatase 1 is induced, thereby preventing the triggering of the MAPK cascade resulting in pro-inflammatory effects via Jun N-terminal kinase and c-Jun. Finally, fluocinonide binds to and inhibits nuclear factor kappa-B directly, resulting in inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 transcription and subsequent prostaglandin synthesis.
definition: A synthetic glucocorticoid and derivative of fluocinolone acetonide with anti-inflammatory and antipruritic activities. Fluocinonide binds the glucocorticoid receptor, followed by translocation of the ligand-receptor complex to the nucleus and transcription activation of genes containing glucocorticoid-responsive elements. Lipocortin-1 is one factor induced by fluocinonide that interacts and inhibits cytosolic phospholipase 2 alpha, thereby preventing phospholipase translocation to the perinuclear membrane and subsequent release and conversion of arachidonic acid to inflammatory prostaglandins. In addition, MAPK phosphatase 1 is induced, thereby preventing the triggering of the MAPK cascade resulting in pro-inflammatory effects via Jun N-terminal kinase and c-Jun. Finally, fluocinonide binds to and inhibits nuclear factor kappa-B directly, resulting in inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 transcription and subsequent prostaglandin synthesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016301
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.
definition: A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016327
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Considered a trace element, fluoride is any combination of elements containing the fluorine atom in the -1 oxidation state (fluoride ion). Due to its reactivity, fluorine is found in nature as fluorine compounds or fluorides. Fluoride inhibits various enzyme systems, erythrocyte glycolysis and binds Ca++, causing anticoagulation and other toxic effects. In addition, fluoride is a mitogen for osteoblasts and stimulates bone formation. (NCI)
definition: Considered a trace element, fluoride is any combination of elements containing the fluorine atom in the -1 oxidation state (fluoride ion). Due to its reactivity, fluorine is found in nature as fluorine compounds or fluorides. Fluoride inhibits various enzyme systems, erythrocyte glycolysis and binds Ca++, causing anticoagulation and other toxic effects. In addition, fluoride is a mitogen for osteoblasts and stimulates bone formation. (NCI)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016343
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A fluorinated pyrimidine monophosphate analogue of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-phosphate (FUDR-MP) with antineoplastic activity. As an antimetabolite, floxuridine inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in disruption of DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity. This agent is also metabolized to fluorouracil and other metabolites that can be incorporated into RNA and inhibit the utilization of preformed uracil in RNA synthesis. (NCI04)
definition: A fluorinated pyrimidine monophosphate analogue of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-phosphate (FUDR-MP) with antineoplastic activity. As an antimetabolite, floxuridine inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in disruption of DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity. This agent is also metabolized to fluorouracil and other metabolites that can be incorporated into RNA and inhibit the utilization of preformed uracil in RNA synthesis. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016344
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.
definition: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016351
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)
definition: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016360
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.
definition: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016365
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.
definition: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016366
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A halogenated derivative of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone. Similar to testosterone, fluoxymesterone binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an increase in protein anabolism, a decrease in amino acid catabolism, and retention of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus. This agent also may competitively inhibit prolactin receptors and estrogen receptors, thereby inhibiting the growth of hormone-dependent tumor lines. Fluoxymesterone is approximately five times more potent than methyltestosterone. (NCI04)
definition: A halogenated derivative of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone. Similar to testosterone, fluoxymesterone binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an increase in protein anabolism, a decrease in amino acid catabolism, and retention of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus. This agent also may competitively inhibit prolactin receptors and estrogen receptors, thereby inhibiting the growth of hormone-dependent tumor lines. Fluoxymesterone is approximately five times more potent than methyltestosterone. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016367
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)
definition: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016368
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A phenothiazine used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES. Its properties and uses are generally similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.
definition: A phenothiazine used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES. Its properties and uses are generally similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016369
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties.
definition: A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016374
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)
definition: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016375
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.
definition: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016377
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A derivative of propionic acid, and a phenylalkanoic acid derivative of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic effects. Flurbiprofen non-selectively binds to and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX). This results in a reduction of arachidonic acid conversion into prostaglandins that are involved in the regulation of pain, inflammation and fever. This NSAID also inhibits carbonic anhydrase, thereby reducing the production of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Upon ocular administration, flurbiprofen may reduce bicarbonate ion concentrations leading to a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.
definition: A derivative of propionic acid, and a phenylalkanoic acid derivative of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic effects. Flurbiprofen non-selectively binds to and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX). This results in a reduction of arachidonic acid conversion into prostaglandins that are involved in the regulation of pain, inflammation and fever. This NSAID also inhibits carbonic anhydrase, thereby reducing the production of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Upon ocular administration, flurbiprofen may reduce bicarbonate ion concentrations leading to a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016380
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.
definition: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016382
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.
definition: A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016383
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.
definition: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016384
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A toluidine derivative and a nonsteroidal antiandrogen that is structurally related to bicalutamide and nilutamide. Flutamide and its more potent active metabolite 2-hydroxyflutamide competitively block dihydrotestosterone binding at androgen receptors, forming inactive complexes which cannot translocate into the cell nucleus. Formation of inactive receptors inhibits androgen-dependent DNA and protein synthesis, resulting in tumor cell growth arrest or transient tumor regression. (NCI04)
definition: A toluidine derivative and a nonsteroidal antiandrogen that is structurally related to bicalutamide and nilutamide. Flutamide and its more potent active metabolite 2-hydroxyflutamide competitively block dihydrotestosterone binding at androgen receptors, forming inactive complexes which cannot translocate into the cell nucleus. Formation of inactive receptors inhibits androgen-dependent DNA and protein synthesis, resulting in tumor cell growth arrest or transient tumor regression. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016388
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.
definition: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016395
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Focal dermal hypoplasia is a multisystem disorder characterized primarily by involvement of the skin, skeletal system, eyes, and face. Skin manifestations present at birth include atrophic and hypoplastic areas of skin; cutis aplasia; fat nodules in the dermis manifesting as soft, yellow-pink cutaneous nodules; and pigmentary changes. Verrucoid papillomas of the skin and mucous membranes may appear later. The nails can be ridged, dysplastic, or hypoplastic; hair can be sparse or absent. Limb malformations include oligo-/syndactyly and split hand/foot. Developmental abnormalities of the eye can include anophthalmia/microphthalmia, iris and chorioretinal coloboma, and lacrimal duct abnormalities. Craniofacial findings can include facial asymmetry, notched alae nasi, cleft lip and palate, and pointed chin. Occasional findings include dental anomalies, abdominal wall defects, diaphragmatic hernia, and renal anomalies. Psychomotor development is usually normal; some individuals have cognitive impairment.
definition: Focal dermal hypoplasia is a multisystem disorder characterized primarily by involvement of the skin, skeletal system, eyes, and face. Skin manifestations present at birth include atrophic and hypoplastic areas of skin; cutis aplasia; fat nodules in the dermis manifesting as soft, yellow-pink cutaneous nodules; and pigmentary changes. Verrucoid papillomas of the skin and mucous membranes may appear later. The nails can be ridged, dysplastic, or hypoplastic; hair can be sparse or absent. Limb malformations include oligo-/syndactyly and split hand/foot. Developmental abnormalities of the eye can include anophthalmia/microphthalmia, iris and chorioretinal coloboma, and lacrimal duct abnormalities. Craniofacial findings can include facial asymmetry, notched alae nasi, cleft lip and palate, and pointed chin. Occasional findings include dental anomalies, abdominal wall defects, diaphragmatic hernia, and renal anomalies. Psychomotor development is usually normal; some individuals have cognitive impairment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016397
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An infection at a specific location that may spread to another region of the body.
definition: An infection at a specific location that may spread to another region of the body.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016398
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Secondary or systemic infections due to dissemination throughout the body of microorganisms whose primary focus of infection lies in the periodontal tissues.
definition: Secondary or systemic infections due to dissemination throughout the body of microorganisms whose primary focus of infection lies in the periodontal tissues.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016399
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disorder characterized by recurrent localized paroxysmal discharges of cerebral neurons that give rise to seizures that have motor manifestations. The majority of partial motor seizures originate in the FRONTAL LOBE (see also EPILEPSY, FRONTAL LOBE). Motor seizures may manifest as tonic or clonic movements involving the face, one limb or one side of the body. A variety of more complex patterns of movement, including abnormal posturing of extremities, may also occur.
definition: A disorder characterized by recurrent localized paroxysmal discharges of cerebral neurons that give rise to seizures that have motor manifestations. The majority of partial motor seizures originate in the FRONTAL LOBE (see also EPILEPSY, FRONTAL LOBE). Motor seizures may manifest as tonic or clonic movements involving the face, one limb or one side of the body. A variety of more complex patterns of movement, including abnormal posturing of extremities, may also occur.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016410
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A collective term for pteroylglutamic acids and their oligoglutamic acid conjugates. As a natural water-soluble substance, folic acid is involved in carbon transfer reactions of amino acid metabolism, in addition to purine and pyrimidine synthesis, and is essential for hematopoiesis and red blood cell production. (NCI05)
definition: A collective term for pteroylglutamic acids and their oligoglutamic acid conjugates. As a natural water-soluble substance, folic acid is involved in carbon transfer reactions of amino acid metabolism, in addition to purine and pyrimidine synthesis, and is essential for hematopoiesis and red blood cell production. (NCI05)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016411
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A compound with a chemical structure similar to folic acid. Folate antagonists inhibit one or more folate-dependent enzymes, resulting in decreased DNA, RNA and protein synthesis.
definition: A compound with a chemical structure similar to folic acid. Folate antagonists inhibit one or more folate-dependent enzymes, resulting in decreased DNA, RNA and protein synthesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016412
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)
definition: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016429
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign ovarian cyst that develops from a persistent, unruptured Graafian follicle, which grows larger than three centimeters.
definition: A benign ovarian cyst that develops from a persistent, unruptured Graafian follicle, which grows larger than three centimeters.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016436
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.
definition: Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016470
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.
definition: Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016506
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.
definition: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016508
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth.
definition: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016509
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.
definition: Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016510
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.
definition: Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016512
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sensation of discomfort emanating from the foot, its supporting structures, or its articulation with the ankle.
definition: A sensation of discomfort emanating from the foot, its supporting structures, or its articulation with the ankle.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016513
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disease of the horny parts and of the adjacent soft structures of the feet of cattle, swine, and sheep. It is usually caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or Bacteroides nodosus (see DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS). It is also known as interdigital necrobacillosis. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 18th ed)
definition: A disease of the horny parts and of the adjacent soft structures of the feet of cattle, swine, and sheep. It is usually caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or Bacteroides nodosus (see DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS). It is also known as interdigital necrobacillosis. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 18th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016514
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A highly infectious disease caused by FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS that affects mammals of the ARTIODACTYLA order (CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; and PIGS) and is characterized by high fever followed by the appearance of blisters inside the mouth and on the feet.
definition: A highly infectious disease caused by FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS that affects mammals of the ARTIODACTYLA order (CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; and PIGS) and is characterized by high fever followed by the appearance of blisters inside the mouth and on the feet.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016522
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communications between the two upper chambers of the heart. An isolated patent ovale foramen without other structural heart defects is usually of no hemodynamic significance.
definition: A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communications between the two upper chambers of the heart. An isolated patent ovale foramen without other structural heart defects is usually of no hemodynamic significance.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016528
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The rate of airflow measured during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination.
definition: The rate of airflow measured during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016545
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An inflammatory lesion in the muscle comprised of epithelioid histiocytes and chronic inflammation that is caused by the presence of extraneous material .
definition: An inflammatory lesion in the muscle comprised of epithelioid histiocytes and chronic inflammation that is caused by the presence of extraneous material .

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016549
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A granulomatous inflammatory reaction evoked by the presence of an exogenous material in the tissues, a characteristic feature of which is the formation of foreign body giant cells.
definition: A granulomatous inflammatory reaction evoked by the presence of an exogenous material in the tissues, a characteristic feature of which is the formation of foreign body giant cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016564
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A colorless poisonous gas synthesized by the oxidation of methanol and used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, histologic fixative, and general-purpose chemical reagent for laboratory applications. Formaldehyde is readily soluble in water and is commonly distributed as a 37% solution in water; formalin, a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water, is used as a disinfectant and to preserve biological specimens. Environmentally, formaldehyde may be found in the atmosphere, smoke from fires, automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. Small amounts are produced during normal metabolic processes in most organisms, including humans.
definition: A colorless poisonous gas synthesized by the oxidation of methanol and used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, histologic fixative, and general-purpose chemical reagent for laboratory applications. Formaldehyde is readily soluble in water and is commonly distributed as a 37% solution in water; formalin, a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water, is used as a disinfectant and to preserve biological specimens. Environmentally, formaldehyde may be found in the atmosphere, smoke from fires, automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. Small amounts are produced during normal metabolic processes in most organisms, including humans.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016579
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Subjective cutaneous sensations of insects in the absence of stimulation.
definition: Subjective cutaneous sensations of insects in the absence of stimulation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016595
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.
definition: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016612
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sodium salt formulation of phosphonoacetic acid with activity against herpes simplex viruses and other members of the herpes virus family. Fosfonet inhibits viral DNA polymerase and inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA.
definition: A sodium salt formulation of phosphonoacetic acid with activity against herpes simplex viruses and other members of the herpes virus family. Fosfonet inhibits viral DNA polymerase and inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016627
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.
definition: Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016629
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A poxvirus infection of poultry and other birds characterized by the formation of wart-like nodules on the skin and diphtheritic necrotic masses (cankers) in the upper digestive and respiratory tracts.
definition: A poxvirus infection of poultry and other birds characterized by the formation of wart-like nodules on the skin and diphtheritic necrotic masses (cankers) in the upper digestive and respiratory tracts.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016632
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by pruritic papular eruptions in areas with apocrine glands. It usually affects the axillae bilaterally. There is rupture of the apocrine ducts resulting in inflammation and formation of the papular skin lesions.
definition: A chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by pruritic papular eruptions in areas with apocrine glands. It usually affects the axillae bilaterally. There is rupture of the apocrine ducts resulting in inflammation and formation of the papular skin lesions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016663
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A pathologic fracture occurs when a bone breaks in an area that is weakened secondary to another disease process such as tumor, infection, and certain inherited bone disorders. A pathologic fracture can occur without a degree of trauma required to cause fracture in healthy bone.
definition: A pathologic fracture occurs when a bone breaks in an area that is weakened secondary to another disease process such as tumor, infection, and certain inherited bone disorders. A pathologic fracture can occur without a degree of trauma required to cause fracture in healthy bone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016665
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)
definition: A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016667
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: FMR1-related disorders include fragile X syndrome, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), and FMR1-related primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). Fragile X syndrome occurs in individuals with an FMR1 full mutation or other loss-of-function variant and is nearly always characterized by moderate intellectual disability in affected males and mild intellectual disability in affected females. Because FMR1 pathogenic variants are complex alterations involving non-classic gene-disrupting alterations (trinucleotide repeat expansion) and abnormal gene methylation, affected individuals occasionally have an atypical presentation with an IQ above 70, the traditional demarcation denoting intellectual disability (previously referred to as mental retardation). Males with an FMR1 full mutation accompanied by aberrant methylation may have a characteristic appearance (large head, long face, prominent forehead and chin, protruding ears), connective tissue findings (joint laxity), and large testes after puberty. Behavioral abnormalities, sometimes including autism spectrum disorder, are common. FXTAS occurs in males (and some females) who have an FMR1 premutation and is characterized by late-onset, progressive cerebellar ataxia and intention tremor. FMR1-related POI (age at cessation of menses <40 years) occurs in approximately 20% of females who have an FMR1 premutation.
definition: FMR1-related disorders include fragile X syndrome, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), and FMR1-related primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). Fragile X syndrome occurs in individuals with an FMR1 full mutation or other loss-of-function variant and is nearly always characterized by moderate intellectual disability in affected males and mild intellectual disability in affected females. Because FMR1 pathogenic variants are complex alterations involving non-classic gene-disrupting alterations (trinucleotide repeat expansion) and abnormal gene methylation, affected individuals occasionally have an atypical presentation with an IQ above 70, the traditional demarcation denoting intellectual disability (previously referred to as mental retardation). Males with an FMR1 full mutation accompanied by aberrant methylation may have a characteristic appearance (large head, long face, prominent forehead and chin, protruding ears), connective tissue findings (joint laxity), and large testes after puberty. Behavioral abnormalities, sometimes including autism spectrum disorder, are common. FXTAS occurs in males (and some females) who have an FMR1 premutation and is characterized by late-onset, progressive cerebellar ataxia and intention tremor. FMR1-related POI (age at cessation of menses <40 years) occurs in approximately 20% of females who have an FMR1 premutation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016689
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: The presence of an increased number of freckles, small circular spots on the skin that are darker than the surrounding skin because of deposits of melanin.
definition: The presence of an increased number of freckles, small circular spots on the skin that are darker than the surrounding skin because of deposits of melanin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016697
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition occurring in the female offspring of dizygotic twins (TWIN, DIZYGOTIC) in a mixed-sex pregnancy, usually in CATTLE. Freemartinism can occur in other mammals. When placental fusion between the male and the female FETUSES permits the exchange of fetal cells and fetal hormones, TESTICULAR HORMONES from the male fetus can androgenize the female fetus producing a sterile XX/XY chimeric ""female""(CHIMERISM).
definition: A condition occurring in the female offspring of dizygotic twins (TWIN, DIZYGOTIC) in a mixed-sex pregnancy, usually in CATTLE. Freemartinism can occur in other mammals. When placental fusion between the male and the female FETUSES permits the exchange of fetal cells and fetal hormones, TESTICULAR HORMONES from the male fetus can androgenize the female fetus producing a sterile XX/XY chimeric ""female""(CHIMERISM).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016712
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria.
definition: An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016719
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is characterized by slowly progressive ataxia with onset usually before age 25 years (mean age at onset: 10-15 yrs). FRDA is typically associated with dysarthria, muscle weakness, spasticity particularly in the lower limbs, scoliosis, bladder dysfunction, absent lower limb reflexes, and loss of position and vibration sense. Approximately two thirds of individuals with FRDA have cardiomyopathy, up to 30% have diabetes mellitus, and approximately 25% have an ""atypical"" presentation with later onset or retained tendon reflexes.
definition: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is characterized by slowly progressive ataxia with onset usually before age 25 years (mean age at onset: 10-15 yrs). FRDA is typically associated with dysarthria, muscle weakness, spasticity particularly in the lower limbs, scoliosis, bladder dysfunction, absent lower limb reflexes, and loss of position and vibration sense. Approximately two thirds of individuals with FRDA have cardiomyopathy, up to 30% have diabetes mellitus, and approximately 25% have an ""atypical"" presentation with later onset or retained tendon reflexes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016724
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare acquired endocrine disorder more commonly affecting males. It is caused by lesions in the hypothalamus. Clinical signs include obesity, short stature, pubertal delay, hypogonadism, visual impairment, polydipsia and polyuria.
definition: A rare acquired endocrine disorder more commonly affecting males. It is caused by lesions in the hypothalamus. Clinical signs include obesity, short stature, pubertal delay, hypogonadism, visual impairment, polydipsia and polyuria.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016735
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus.
definition: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016738
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving touching the genitals of or rubbing the genitals against a nonconsenting person.
definition: A disorder characterized by recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving touching the genitals of or rubbing the genitals against a nonconsenting person.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016745
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding.
definition: A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016751
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Following dietary exposure to fructose, sucrose, or sorbitol, untreated hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is characterized by metabolic disturbances (hypoglycemia, lactic acidemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypermagnesemia, hyperalaninemia) and clinical findings (nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distress; chronic growth restriction/failure to thrive). Untreated HFI typically first manifests when fructose- and sucrose-containing foods are introduced in the course of weaning young infants from breast milk. If large quantities of fructose are ingested, the infant may acutely develop lethargy, seizures, and/or progressive coma. Untreated HFI may result in renal and hepatic failure. If identified and treated before permanent organ injury occurs, individuals with HFI can experience a normal quality of life and life expectancy.
definition: Following dietary exposure to fructose, sucrose, or sorbitol, untreated hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is characterized by metabolic disturbances (hypoglycemia, lactic acidemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypermagnesemia, hyperalaninemia) and clinical findings (nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distress; chronic growth restriction/failure to thrive). Untreated HFI typically first manifests when fructose- and sucrose-containing foods are introduced in the course of weaning young infants from breast milk. If large quantities of fructose are ingested, the infant may acutely develop lethargy, seizures, and/or progressive coma. Untreated HFI may result in renal and hepatic failure. If identified and treated before permanent organ injury occurs, individuals with HFI can experience a normal quality of life and life expectancy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016752
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inherited abnormalities of fructose metabolism, which include three known autosomal recessive types: hepatic fructokinase deficiency (essential fructosuria), hereditary fructose intolerance, and hereditary fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. Essential fructosuria is a benign asymptomatic metabolic disorder caused by deficiency in fructokinase, leading to decreased conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate and alimentary hyperfructosemia, but with no clinical dysfunction; may produce a false-positive diabetes test.
definition: Inherited abnormalities of fructose metabolism, which include three known autosomal recessive types: hepatic fructokinase deficiency (essential fructosuria), hereditary fructose intolerance, and hereditary fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. Essential fructosuria is a benign asymptomatic metabolic disorder caused by deficiency in fructokinase, leading to decreased conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate and alimentary hyperfructosemia, but with no clinical dysfunction; may produce a false-positive diabetes test.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016756
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired gluconeogenesis. Patients present with hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis on fasting and may have episodes of hyperventilation, apnea, hypoglycemia, and ketosis. Although the disorder may be lethal in the newborn period, proper treatment yields an excellent prognosis (Kikawa et al., 1997; Matsuura et al., 2002).
definition: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired gluconeogenesis. Patients present with hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis on fasting and may have episodes of hyperventilation, apnea, hypoglycemia, and ketosis. Although the disorder may be lethal in the newborn period, proper treatment yields an excellent prognosis (Kikawa et al., 1997; Matsuura et al., 2002).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016774
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A major gonadotropin secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and the LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is common in the three human pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
definition: A major gonadotropin secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and the LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is common in the three human pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016778
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congener of the antimetabolite fluorouracil with antineoplastic activity. Tegafur is a prodrug that is gradually converted to fluorouracil in the liver by the cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Subsequently, 5-FU is metabolized to two active metabolites, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP) by both tumor cells and normal cells. FdUMP inhibits DNA synthesis and cell division by inhibiting thymidylate synthase and reducing normal thymidine production, while FUTP inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by competing with uridine triphosphate. (NCI04)
definition: A congener of the antimetabolite fluorouracil with antineoplastic activity. Tegafur is a prodrug that is gradually converted to fluorouracil in the liver by the cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Subsequently, 5-FU is metabolized to two active metabolites, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP) by both tumor cells and normal cells. FdUMP inhibits DNA synthesis and cell division by inhibiting thymidylate synthase and reducing normal thymidine production, while FUTP inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by competing with uridine triphosphate. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016781
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An autosomal dominant, bilateral, slowly progressive degeneration of corneal endothelial cells with thickening of Descemet's membrane and accumulation of excrescences. It results in corneal edema and loss of vision.
definition: An autosomal dominant, bilateral, slowly progressive degeneration of corneal endothelial cells with thickening of Descemet's membrane and accumulation of excrescences. It results in corneal edema and loss of vision.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016788
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Fucosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by defective alpha-L-fucosidase with accumulation of fucose in the tissues. Clinical features include angiokeratoma, progressive psychomotor retardation, neurologic signs, coarse facial features, and dysostosis multiplex. Fucosidosis has been classified into 2 major types. Type 1 is characterized by rapid psychomotor regression and severe neurologic deterioration beginning at about 6 months of age, elevated sweat sodium chloride, and death within the first decade of life. Type 2 is characterized by milder psychomotor retardation and neurologic signs, the development of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, normal sweat salinity, and longer survival (Kousseff et al., 1976).
definition: Fucosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by defective alpha-L-fucosidase with accumulation of fucose in the tissues. Clinical features include angiokeratoma, progressive psychomotor retardation, neurologic signs, coarse facial features, and dysostosis multiplex. Fucosidosis has been classified into 2 major types. Type 1 is characterized by rapid psychomotor regression and severe neurologic deterioration beginning at about 6 months of age, elevated sweat sodium chloride, and death within the first decade of life. Type 2 is characterized by milder psychomotor retardation and neurologic signs, the development of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, normal sweat salinity, and longer survival (Kousseff et al., 1976).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016811
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Involuntary urine release that cannot be attributed to an anatomic or physiologic etiology.
definition: Involuntary urine release that cannot be attributed to an anatomic or physiologic etiology.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016815
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the RESIDUAL VOLUME and the EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is FRC.
definition: The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the RESIDUAL VOLUME and the EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is FRC.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016831
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.
definition: Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016842
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.
definition: A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016848
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Nitrofuran derivative anti-infective agent used for urinary tract infections.
definition: Nitrofuran derivative anti-infective agent used for urinary tract infections.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016860
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
definition: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016865
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A nutritional supplement and vitamin B1 derivative, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, fursultiamine inhibits the expressions of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX-2), and Nanog homeobox (NANOG) in cancer stem cells (CSCs). This may inhibit the proliferation of CSCs thereby preventing tumor cell growth. In addition, fursultiamine inhibits the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in cancer CSCs, which may abrogate resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy in CSCs. CSCs promote tumor initiation, progression and metastasis; they play a key role in cancer recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation.
definition: A nutritional supplement and vitamin B1 derivative, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, fursultiamine inhibits the expressions of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX-2), and Nanog homeobox (NANOG) in cancer stem cells (CSCs). This may inhibit the proliferation of CSCs thereby preventing tumor cell growth. In addition, fursultiamine inhibits the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in cancer CSCs, which may abrogate resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy in CSCs. CSCs promote tumor initiation, progression and metastasis; they play a key role in cancer recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016867
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A persistent skin infection marked by the presence of furuncles, often chronic and recurrent. In humans, the causative agent is various species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS. In salmonid fish (SALMONIDS), the pathogen is AEROMONAS SALMONICIDA.
definition: A persistent skin infection marked by the presence of furuncles, often chronic and recurrent. In humans, the causative agent is various species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS. In salmonid fish (SALMONIDS), the pathogen is AEROMONAS SALMONICIDA.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016869
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.
definition: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016873
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A dental anomaly characterized by the presence of a two fused teeth.
definition: A dental anomaly characterized by the presence of a two fused teeth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016879
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Infection with anaerobic gram-negative bacteria of the genus Fusobacterium. It results in abscess formation and tissue damage.
definition: Infection with anaerobic gram-negative bacteria of the genus Fusobacterium. It results in abscess formation and tissue damage.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016895
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A glycosphingolipid containing a sialic acid residue found in neuronal cell membranes, with potential neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activities. Upon administration, monosialotetrahexosylganglioside, also called GM-1, is able to both prevent neurologic damage and induce regeneration of damaged neurons through neurotrophic repair mechanisms, enhancement of the production of neutrophins, and augmenting neurite outgrowth. In addition, GM-1 exerts anti-excitotoxic activity, prevents necrosis, and improves neuronal recovery and function.
definition: A glycosphingolipid containing a sialic acid residue found in neuronal cell membranes, with potential neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activities. Upon administration, monosialotetrahexosylganglioside, also called GM-1, is able to both prevent neurologic damage and induce regeneration of damaged neurons through neurotrophic repair mechanisms, enhancement of the production of neutrophins, and augmenting neurite outgrowth. In addition, GM-1 exerts anti-excitotoxic activity, prevents necrosis, and improves neuronal recovery and function.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016927
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Contraction of the muscle of the PHARYNX caused by stimulation of sensory receptors on the SOFT PALATE, by psychic stimuli, or systemically by drugs.
definition: Contraction of the muscle of the PHARYNX caused by stimulation of sensory receptors on the SOFT PALATE, by psychic stimuli, or systemically by drugs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016928
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pattern or manner of running, walking, or moving on foot.
definition: A pattern or manner of running, walking, or moving on foot.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016952
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: The term galactosemia refers to disorders of galactose metabolism that include classic galactosemia, clinical variant galactosemia, and biochemical variant galactosemia. This GeneReview focuses on: Classic galactosemia, which can result in life-threatening complications including feeding problems, failure to thrive, hepatocellular damage, bleeding, and E. coli sepsis in untreated infants. If a lactose-restricted diet is provided during the first ten days of life, the neonatal signs usually quickly resolve and the complications of liver failure, sepsis, and neonatal death are prevented; however, despite adequate treatment from an early age, children with classic galactosemia remain at increased risk for developmental delays, speech problems (termed childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthria), and abnormalities of motor function. Almost all females with classic galactosemia manifest premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Clinical variant galactosemia, which can result in life-threatening complications including feeding problems, failure to thrive, hepatocellular damage including cirrhosis and bleeding in untreated infants. This is exemplified by the disease that occurs in African Americans and native Africans in South Africa. Persons with clinical variant galactosemia may be missed with newborn screening (NBS) as the hypergalactosemia is not as marked as in classic galactosemia and breath testing is normal. If a lactose-restricted diet is provided during the first ten days of life, the severe acute neonatal complications are usually prevented. African Americans with clinical variant galactosemia and adequate early treatment do not appear to be at risk for long-term complications including POI.
definition: The term galactosemia refers to disorders of galactose metabolism that include classic galactosemia, clinical variant galactosemia, and biochemical variant galactosemia. This GeneReview focuses on: Classic galactosemia, which can result in life-threatening complications including feeding problems, failure to thrive, hepatocellular damage, bleeding, and E. coli sepsis in untreated infants. If a lactose-restricted diet is provided during the first ten days of life, the neonatal signs usually quickly resolve and the complications of liver failure, sepsis, and neonatal death are prevented; however, despite adequate treatment from an early age, children with classic galactosemia remain at increased risk for developmental delays, speech problems (termed childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthria), and abnormalities of motor function. Almost all females with classic galactosemia manifest premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Clinical variant galactosemia, which can result in life-threatening complications including feeding problems, failure to thrive, hepatocellular damage including cirrhosis and bleeding in untreated infants. This is exemplified by the disease that occurs in African Americans and native Africans in South Africa. Persons with clinical variant galactosemia may be missed with newborn screening (NBS) as the hypergalactosemia is not as marked as in classic galactosemia and breath testing is normal. If a lactose-restricted diet is provided during the first ten days of life, the severe acute neonatal complications are usually prevented. African Americans with clinical variant galactosemia and adequate early treatment do not appear to be at risk for long-term complications including POI.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016967
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.
definition: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016972
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)
definition: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016977
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include acute and chronic cholecystitis, often associated with the presence of gallstones. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include adenoma, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include acute and chronic cholecystitis, often associated with the presence of gallstones. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include adenoma, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016978
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the gallbladder. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma, leiomyoma, and neurofibroma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the gallbladder. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma, leiomyoma, and neurofibroma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0016986
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.
definition: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017048
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An 11-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal fragment of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Gamma-MSH stimulates adrenal steroidogenesis and has an regulatory role in the cardiovascular and the renal systems.
definition: An 11-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal fragment of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Gamma-MSH stimulates adrenal steroidogenesis and has an regulatory role in the cardiovascular and the renal systems.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017054
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.
definition: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017057
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The 11-residue peptide that is fully amidated.
definition: The 11-residue peptide that is fully amidated.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017059
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The 11-residue peptide plus the 12-residue sequence leading to the next dibasic cleavage site at the N-terminal of the joining peptide.
definition: The 11-residue peptide plus the 12-residue sequence leading to the next dibasic cleavage site at the N-terminal of the joining peptide.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017066
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A synthetic guanine derivative with antiviral activity. As the active metabolite of ganciclovir, ganciclovir-5-triphosphate (ganciclovir-TP) appears to inhibit viral DNA synthesis by competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerases and incorporation into viral DNA, resulting in eventual termination of viral DNA elongation.
definition: A synthetic guanine derivative with antiviral activity. As the active metabolite of ganciclovir, ganciclovir-5-triphosphate (ganciclovir-TP) appears to inhibit viral DNA synthesis by competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerases and incorporation into viral DNA, resulting in eventual termination of viral DNA elongation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017075
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A benign neoplasm that usually arises from the sympathetic trunk in the mediastinum, representing a tumor of the sympathetic nerve fibers arising from neural crest cells.
definition: A benign neoplasm that usually arises from the sympathetic trunk in the mediastinum, representing a tumor of the sympathetic nerve fibers arising from neural crest cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017078
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that mimic neural transmission by stimulation of the nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Drugs that indirectly augment ganglionic transmission by increasing the release or slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine or by non-nicotinic effects on postganglionic neurons are not included here nor are the nonspecific cholinergic agonists.
definition: Agents that mimic neural transmission by stimulation of the nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Drugs that indirectly augment ganglionic transmission by increasing the release or slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine or by non-nicotinic effects on postganglionic neurons are not included here nor are the nonspecific cholinergic agonists.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017082
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)
definition: A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017083
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders marked by the accumulation of GANGLIOSIDES. They are caused by impaired enzymes or defective cofactors required for normal ganglioside degradation in the LYSOSOMES. Gangliosidoses are classified by the specific ganglioside accumulated in the defective degradation pathway.
definition: A group of autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders marked by the accumulation of GANGLIOSIDES. They are caused by impaired enzymes or defective cofactors required for normal ganglioside degradation in the LYSOSOMES. Gangliosidoses are classified by the specific ganglioside accumulated in the defective degradation pathway.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017086
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A serious and potentially life-threatening condition that arises when a considerable mass of body tissue dies (necrosis).
definition: A serious and potentially life-threatening condition that arises when a considerable mass of body tissue dies (necrosis).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017097
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A variant of ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI caused by mutation in the APC gene (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. It is characterized by not only the presence of multiple colonic polyposis but also extracolonic ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; the EYE; the SKIN; the SKULL; and the FACIAL BONES; as well as malignancy in organs other than the GI tract.
definition: A variant of ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI caused by mutation in the APC gene (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. It is characterized by not only the presence of multiple colonic polyposis but also extracolonic ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; the EYE; the SKIN; the SKULL; and the FACIAL BONES; as well as malignancy in organs other than the GI tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017105
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.
definition: A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017128
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.
definition: Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017132
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A gastrointestinal peptide hormone of about 43-amino acids. It is found to be a potent stimulator of INSULIN secretion and a relatively poor inhibitor of GASTRIC ACID secretion.
definition: A gastrointestinal peptide hormone of about 43-amino acids. It is found to be a potent stimulator of INSULIN secretion and a relatively poor inhibitor of GASTRIC ACID secretion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017145
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Extreme dilation of the submucusoal veins in the stomach.
definition: Extreme dilation of the submucusoal veins in the stomach.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017150
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor. It is usually located in the pancreas but it is also found at other anatomic sites, including the stomach and small intestine.
definition: A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor. It is usually located in the pancreas but it is also found at other anatomic sites, including the stomach and small intestine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017152
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.
definition: Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017154
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A form of chronic gastritis associated with atrophic gastric mucous membrane.
definition: A form of chronic gastritis associated with atrophic gastric mucous membrane.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017155
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of gastritis characterized by excessive proliferation of the gastric mucosa and diffuse thickening of the gastric mucosal folds.
definition: A type of gastritis characterized by excessive proliferation of the gastric mucosa and diffuse thickening of the gastric mucosal folds.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017160
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An inflammatory disorder that affects the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Most commonly, this is attributed to viruses; however bacteria, parasites or adverse reactions can also be the culprit. Symptoms include acute diarrhea and vomiting.
definition: An inflammatory disorder that affects the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Most commonly, this is attributed to viruses; however bacteria, parasites or adverse reactions can also be the culprit. Symptoms include acute diarrhea and vomiting.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017162
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS.
definition: A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017168
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is characterized by the retrograde movement of stomach contents into the esophagus. In its most severe form, GER results in extensive tissue damage caused by acid reflux. In adolescents and adults, and even infrequently in children, chronic GER is associated with the risk of developing Barrett metaplasia (614266), a premalignant lesion of the esophageal mucosa (Hu et al., 2000). In turn, Barrett metaplasia is correlated with the development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (see 614266), estimated as the fifth most prevalent neoplasia in the Western world (Lagergren et al., 1999).
definition: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is characterized by the retrograde movement of stomach contents into the esophagus. In its most severe form, GER results in extensive tissue damage caused by acid reflux. In adolescents and adults, and even infrequently in children, chronic GER is associated with the risk of developing Barrett metaplasia (614266), a premalignant lesion of the esophageal mucosa (Hu et al., 2000). In turn, Barrett metaplasia is correlated with the development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (see 614266), estimated as the fifth most prevalent neoplasia in the Western world (Lagergren et al., 1999).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017173
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs used for their effects on the gastrointestinal system, as to control gastric acidity, regulate gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improve digestion.
definition: Drugs used for their effects on the gastrointestinal system, as to control gastric acidity, regulate gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improve digestion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017178
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, anus, liver, biliary system, and pancreas.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, anus, liver, biliary system, and pancreas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017181
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
definition: Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017183
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A dysfunction in gastrointestinal function that is due to a psychological process.
definition: A dysfunction in gastrointestinal function that is due to a psychological process.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017185
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm involving any part of the digestive system.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm involving any part of the digestive system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017205
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Gaucher disease (GD) encompasses a continuum of clinical findings from a perinatal lethal disorder to an asymptomatic type. The identification of three major clinical types (1, 2, and 3) and two other subtypes (perinatal-lethal and cardiovascular) is useful in determining prognosis and management. GD type 1 is characterized by the presence of clinical or radiographic evidence of bone disease (osteopenia, focal lytic or sclerotic lesions, and osteonecrosis), hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and thrombocytopenia, lung disease, and the absence of primary central nervous system disease. GD types 2 and 3 are characterized by the presence of primary neurologic disease; in the past, they were distinguished by age of onset and rate of disease progression, but these distinctions are not absolute. Disease with onset before age two years, limited psychomotor development, and a rapidly progressive course with death by age two to four years is classified as GD type 2. Individuals with GD type 3 may have onset before age two years, but often have a more slowly progressive course, with survival into the third or fourth decade. The perinatal-lethal form is associated with ichthyosiform or collodion skin abnormalities or with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. The cardiovascular form is characterized by calcification of the aortic and mitral valves, mild splenomegaly, corneal opacities, and supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. Cardiopulmonary complications have been described with all the clinical subtypes, although varying in frequency and severity.
definition: Gaucher disease (GD) encompasses a continuum of clinical findings from a perinatal lethal disorder to an asymptomatic type. The identification of three major clinical types (1, 2, and 3) and two other subtypes (perinatal-lethal and cardiovascular) is useful in determining prognosis and management. GD type 1 is characterized by the presence of clinical or radiographic evidence of bone disease (osteopenia, focal lytic or sclerotic lesions, and osteonecrosis), hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and thrombocytopenia, lung disease, and the absence of primary central nervous system disease. GD types 2 and 3 are characterized by the presence of primary neurologic disease; in the past, they were distinguished by age of onset and rate of disease progression, but these distinctions are not absolute. Disease with onset before age two years, limited psychomotor development, and a rapidly progressive course with death by age two to four years is classified as GD type 2. Individuals with GD type 3 may have onset before age two years, but often have a more slowly progressive course, with survival into the third or fourth decade. The perinatal-lethal form is associated with ichthyosiform or collodion skin abnormalities or with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. The cardiovascular form is characterized by calcification of the aortic and mitral valves, mild splenomegaly, corneal opacities, and supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. Cardiopulmonary complications have been described with all the clinical subtypes, although varying in frequency and severity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017226
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A water insoluble terpene fatty acid used in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers; it facilitates the healing and function of mucosal tissue.
definition: A water insoluble terpene fatty acid used in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers; it facilitates the healing and function of mucosal tissue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017237
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone COLLAGEN. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories.
definition: A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone COLLAGEN. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017245
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A fibric acid derivative with hypolipidemic effects. Gemfibrozil interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha) resulting in PPARalpha-mediated stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and an increase in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) synthesis. This enhances triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance and reduces the expression of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III). The reduction in hepatic production of apoC-III results in subsequent reduction of serum levels of very-low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). In addition, gemfibrozil-mediated PPARalpha stimulation of apoA-I and apoA-II expression results in an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).
definition: A fibric acid derivative with hypolipidemic effects. Gemfibrozil interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha) resulting in PPARalpha-mediated stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and an increase in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) synthesis. This enhances triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance and reduces the expression of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III). The reduction in hepatic production of apoC-III results in subsequent reduction of serum levels of very-low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). In addition, gemfibrozil-mediated PPARalpha stimulation of apoA-I and apoA-II expression results in an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017250
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by a strong and persistent cross-gender identification (such as stating a desire to be the other sex or frequently passing as the other sex) coupled with persistent discomfort with his or her sex (manifested in adults, for example, as a preoccupation with altering primary and secondary sex characteristics through hormonal manipulation or surgery).
definition: A disorder characterized by a strong and persistent cross-gender identification (such as stating a desire to be the other sex or frequently passing as the other sex) coupled with persistent discomfort with his or her sex (manifested in adults, for example, as a preoccupation with altering primary and secondary sex characteristics through hormonal manipulation or surgery).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017302
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)
definition: Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017327
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Atherosclerosis that is not localized.
definition: Atherosclerosis that is not localized.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017377
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An abnormality of leucocytes, the cause of which is present from birth.
definition: An abnormality of leucocytes, the cause of which is present from birth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017409
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A syndrome characterized by facial palsy in association with a herpetic eruption of the external auditory meatus. This may occasionally be associated with tinnitus, vertigo, deafness, severe otalgia, and inflammation of the pinna. The condition is caused by reactivation of a latent HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN infection which causes inflammation of the facial and vestibular nerves, and may occasionally involve additional cranial nerves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p757)
definition: A syndrome characterized by facial palsy in association with a herpetic eruption of the external auditory meatus. This may occasionally be associated with tinnitus, vertigo, deafness, severe otalgia, and inflammation of the pinna. The condition is caused by reactivation of a latent HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN infection which causes inflammation of the facial and vestibular nerves, and may occasionally involve additional cranial nerves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p757)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017411
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).
definition: Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017412
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).
definition: Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017416
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that affects the female reproductive system. Representative examples include uterine corpus leiomyoma, endocervical polyp, ovarian carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma.
definition: A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that affects the female reproductive system. Representative examples include uterine corpus leiomyoma, endocervical polyp, ovarian carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017417
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the male reproductive system. Representative examples include benign prostate phyllodes tumor, benign testicular Sertoli cell tumor, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, prostate carcinoma, testicular seminoma, and testicular embryonal carcinoma.
definition: A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the male reproductive system. Representative examples include benign prostate phyllodes tumor, benign testicular Sertoli cell tumor, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, prostate carcinoma, testicular seminoma, and testicular embryonal carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017440
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A blue, aniline-derived dye with antifungal and antimitotic properties. Gentian violet (GV) dissociates into positive (GV+) and negative ions (Cl-) that penetrate both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells. The GV+ ions interact with negatively charged components of the bacterial cell wall including lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and DNA. This agent is also a mutagen and mitotic poison. GV elicits a photodynamic action mediated by a free-radical mechanism. Furthermore, this agent dissipates the action potential on prokaryotic or eukaryotic membranes by inducing permeability, thereby leading to respiratory inhibition and subsequent cell death.
definition: A blue, aniline-derived dye with antifungal and antimitotic properties. Gentian violet (GV) dissociates into positive (GV+) and negative ions (Cl-) that penetrate both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells. The GV+ ions interact with negatively charged components of the bacterial cell wall including lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and DNA. This agent is also a mutagen and mitotic poison. GV elicits a photodynamic action mediated by a free-radical mechanism. Furthermore, this agent dissipates the action potential on prokaryotic or eukaryotic membranes by inducing permeability, thereby leading to respiratory inhibition and subsequent cell death.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017455
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection due to the fungus Geotrichum.
definition: Infection due to the fungus Geotrichum.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017485
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Germine derivatives acetylated on any one or more of the hydroxy groups. These compounds are present in many polyester alkaloids which occur in Veratrum and Zygadenus species. They are used as antihypertensive agents, and in some cases, exhibit curare-like activity.
definition: Germine derivatives acetylated on any one or more of the hydroxy groups. These compounds are present in many polyester alkaloids which occur in Veratrum and Zygadenus species. They are used as antihypertensive agents, and in some cases, exhibit curare-like activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017494
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disorder of cognition characterized by the tetrad of finger agnosia, dysgraphia, DYSCALCULIA, and right-left disorientation. The syndrome may be developmental or acquired. Acquired Gerstmann syndrome is associated with lesions in the dominant (usually left) PARIETAL LOBE which involve the angular gyrus or subjacent white matter. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p457)
definition: A disorder of cognition characterized by the tetrad of finger agnosia, dysgraphia, DYSCALCULIA, and right-left disorientation. The syndrome may be developmental or acquired. Acquired Gerstmann syndrome is associated with lesions in the dominant (usually left) PARIETAL LOBE which involve the angular gyrus or subjacent white matter. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p457)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017495
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Genetic prion diseases generally manifest with cognitive difficulties, ataxia, and myoclonus (abrupt jerking movements of muscle groups and/or entire limbs). The order of appearance and/or predominance of these features and other associated neurologic and psychiatric findings vary. Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (fCJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome, and fatal familial insomnia (FFI) represent the core phenotypes of genetic prion disease. Note: A fourth clinical phenotype, known as Huntington disease like-1 (HDL-1), has been proposed, but this is based on a single report, and the underlying pathologic features would categorize it as GSS. Although it is clear that these four subtypes display overlapping clinical and pathologic features, recognition of these phenotypes can be useful when providing affected individuals and their families with information about the expected clinical course. The age at onset ranges from the third to ninth decade of life. The course ranges from a few months to several years (typically 5-7 years; in rare instances, >10 years).
definition: Genetic prion diseases generally manifest with cognitive difficulties, ataxia, and myoclonus (abrupt jerking movements of muscle groups and/or entire limbs). The order of appearance and/or predominance of these features and other associated neurologic and psychiatric findings vary. Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (fCJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome, and fatal familial insomnia (FFI) represent the core phenotypes of genetic prion disease. Note: A fourth clinical phenotype, known as Huntington disease like-1 (HDL-1), has been proposed, but this is based on a single report, and the underlying pathologic features would categorize it as GSS. Although it is clear that these four subtypes display overlapping clinical and pathologic features, recognition of these phenotypes can be useful when providing affected individuals and their families with information about the expected clinical course. The age at onset ranges from the third to ninth decade of life. The course ranges from a few months to several years (typically 5-7 years; in rare instances, >10 years).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017505
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A long-acting potent progestogen structurally related to PROGESTERONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1185)
definition: A long-acting potent progestogen structurally related to PROGESTERONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1185)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017507
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-estrogenic contraceptive which is a weak progestin with strong anti-progesterone properties. It is effective if used once a week orally or can also be used in intravaginal devices.
definition: A non-estrogenic contraceptive which is a weak progestin with strong anti-progesterone properties. It is effective if used once a week orally or can also be used in intravaginal devices.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017525
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic giant cells.
definition: A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic giant cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017531
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder characterized by lymphoid hyperplasia in the lymph nodes. There are two histologic variants recognized: the hyaline-vascular type and the plasma cell type. In the hyaline vascular type there are hyalinized vessels present in the lymphoid follicles. In the plasma cell type there is pronounced plasma cell proliferation. Clinically, the disease may be localized; manifested with localized lymphadenopathy, or multicentric; manifested with generalized lymphadenopathy, fever, organomegaly, and sometimes POEMS syndrome. In contrast to patients with localized disease who are usually cured following resection of the lesion, patients with the multicentric form of the disease may follow a progressive clinical course, complicated by infection, Kaposi sarcoma or lymphoma.
definition: A disorder characterized by lymphoid hyperplasia in the lymph nodes. There are two histologic variants recognized: the hyaline-vascular type and the plasma cell type. In the hyaline vascular type there are hyalinized vessels present in the lymphoid follicles. In the plasma cell type there is pronounced plasma cell proliferation. Clinically, the disease may be localized; manifested with localized lymphadenopathy, or multicentric; manifested with generalized lymphadenopathy, fever, organomegaly, and sometimes POEMS syndrome. In contrast to patients with localized disease who are usually cured following resection of the lesion, patients with the multicentric form of the disease may follow a progressive clinical course, complicated by infection, Kaposi sarcoma or lymphoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017536
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.
definition: An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017547
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A clinical finding indicating abnormal and excessive body growth and height resulting from the overproduction of human growth hormone.
definition: A clinical finding indicating abnormal and excessive body growth and height resulting from the overproduction of human growth hormone.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017551
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: The hereditary hyperbilirubinemias (Wolkoff et al., 1983) include (1) those resulting in predominantly unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia: Gilbert or Arias syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I (218800), and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II (606785); and (2) those resulting in predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia: Dubin-Johnson syndrome (237500), Rotor syndrome (237450), and several forms of intrahepatic cholestasis (147480, 211600, 214950, 243300). Detailed studies show that patients with Gilbert syndrome have reduced activity of bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase (Bosma et al., 1995, Koiwai et al., 1995). Genetic Heterogeneity of Hyperbilirubinemia See also Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I (HBLRCN1; 218800), Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II (HBLRCN2; 606785), and transient familial neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (HBLRTFN; 237900), all caused by mutation in the UGT1A1 gene (191740) on chromosome 2q37; Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS, HBLRDJ; 237500), caused by mutation in the ABCC2 gene (601107) on chromosome 10q24; and Rotor syndrome (HBLRR; 237450), caused by digenic mutation in the SLCO1B1 (604843) and SLCOB3 (605495) genes, both on chromosome 12p.
definition: The hereditary hyperbilirubinemias (Wolkoff et al., 1983) include (1) those resulting in predominantly unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia: Gilbert or Arias syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I (218800), and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II (606785); and (2) those resulting in predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia: Dubin-Johnson syndrome (237500), Rotor syndrome (237450), and several forms of intrahepatic cholestasis (147480, 211600, 214950, 243300). Detailed studies show that patients with Gilbert syndrome have reduced activity of bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase (Bosma et al., 1995, Koiwai et al., 1995). Genetic Heterogeneity of Hyperbilirubinemia See also Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I (HBLRCN1; 218800), Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II (HBLRCN2; 606785), and transient familial neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (HBLRTFN; 237900), all caused by mutation in the UGT1A1 gene (191740) on chromosome 2q37; Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS, HBLRDJ; 237500), caused by mutation in the ABCC2 gene (601107) on chromosome 10q24; and Rotor syndrome (HBLRR; 237450), caused by digenic mutation in the SLCO1B1 (604843) and SLCOB3 (605495) genes, both on chromosome 12p.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017563
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Inflammation of the periodontium.
definition: Inflammation of the periodontium.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017565
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Hemorrhage affecting the gingiva.
definition: Hemorrhage affecting the gingiva.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017566
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)
definition: Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017567
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Hyperplasia of the gingiva (that is, a thickening of the soft tissue overlying the alveolar ridge. The degree of thickening ranges from involvement of the interdental papillae alone to gingival overgrowth covering the entire tooth crown.
definition: Hyperplasia of the gingiva (that is, a thickening of the soft tissue overlying the alveolar ridge. The degree of thickening ranges from involvement of the interdental papillae alone to gingival overgrowth covering the entire tooth crown.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017570
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the upper or lower gingiva.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the upper or lower gingiva.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017572
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A loss of gum tissue resulting in an exposure of the roots of the teeth.
definition: A loss of gum tissue resulting in an exposure of the roots of the teeth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017574
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A disorder involving inflammation of the gums; may affect surrounding and supporting structures of the teeth.
definition: A disorder involving inflammation of the gums; may affect surrounding and supporting structures of the teeth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017575
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A bacterial infectious process affecting the gums. It is characterized by the development of necrotic, ulcerated, and painful lesions with creation of pseudomembranes extending along the gingival margins.
definition: A bacterial infectious process affecting the gums. It is characterized by the development of necrotic, ulcerated, and painful lesions with creation of pseudomembranes extending along the gingival margins.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017589
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition resulting from infection by Burkholderia mallei, which mainly affects horses.
definition: A condition resulting from infection by Burkholderia mallei, which mainly affects horses.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017592
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.
definition: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017600
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: (1 beta,2 alpha,11 beta,12 alpha,15 beta(S))-11,20-Epoxy-1,2,11,12-tetrahydroxy-15-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)picras-3-en-16-one. A quassinoid (Simaroubolide) from Simaruba glauca, a tropical shrub. It has been used as an antiamebic agent and is found to be cytotoxic. It may be of use in cancer chemotherapy.
definition: (1 beta,2 alpha,11 beta,12 alpha,15 beta(S))-11,20-Epoxy-1,2,11,12-tetrahydroxy-15-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)picras-3-en-16-one. A quassinoid (Simaroubolide) from Simaruba glauca, a tropical shrub. It has been used as an antiamebic agent and is found to be cytotoxic. It may be of use in cancer chemotherapy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017601
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders in which the optic nerves connecting the eyes and the brain are progressively damaged. This damage can lead to reduction in side (peripheral) vision and eventual blindness. Other signs and symptoms may include bulging eyes, excessive tearing, and abnormal sensitivity to light (photophobia). The term ""early-onset glaucoma"" may be used when the disorder appears before the age of 40.In most people with glaucoma, the damage to the optic nerves is caused by increased pressure within the eyes (intraocular pressure). Intraocular pressure depends on a balance between fluid entering and leaving the eyes.Usually glaucoma develops in older adults, in whom the risk of developing the disorder may be affected by a variety of medical conditions including high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes mellitus, as well as family history. The risk of early-onset glaucoma depends mainly on heredity.Structural abnormalities that impede fluid drainage in the eye may be present at birth and usually become apparent during the first year of life. Such abnormalities may be part of a genetic disorder that affects many body systems, called a syndrome. If glaucoma appears before the age of 5 without other associated abnormalities, it is called primary congenital glaucoma.Other individuals experience early onset of primary open-angle glaucoma, the most common adult form of glaucoma. If primary open-angle glaucoma develops during childhood or early adulthood, it is called juvenile open-angle glaucoma.
definition: Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders in which the optic nerves connecting the eyes and the brain are progressively damaged. This damage can lead to reduction in side (peripheral) vision and eventual blindness. Other signs and symptoms may include bulging eyes, excessive tearing, and abnormal sensitivity to light (photophobia). The term ""early-onset glaucoma"" may be used when the disorder appears before the age of 40.In most people with glaucoma, the damage to the optic nerves is caused by increased pressure within the eyes (intraocular pressure). Intraocular pressure depends on a balance between fluid entering and leaving the eyes.Usually glaucoma develops in older adults, in whom the risk of developing the disorder may be affected by a variety of medical conditions including high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes mellitus, as well as family history. The risk of early-onset glaucoma depends mainly on heredity.Structural abnormalities that impede fluid drainage in the eye may be present at birth and usually become apparent during the first year of life. Such abnormalities may be part of a genetic disorder that affects many body systems, called a syndrome. If glaucoma appears before the age of 5 without other associated abnormalities, it is called primary congenital glaucoma.Other individuals experience early onset of primary open-angle glaucoma, the most common adult form of glaucoma. If primary open-angle glaucoma develops during childhood or early adulthood, it is called juvenile open-angle glaucoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017605
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.
definition: A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017606
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of glaucoma with optic nerve damage in an eye that has evidence of angle closure and in which there is no evidence of a secondary cause.
definition: A type of glaucoma with optic nerve damage in an eye that has evidence of angle closure and in which there is no evidence of a secondary cause.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017609
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A form of secondary glaucoma which develops as a consequence of another ocular disease and is attributed to the forming of new vessels in the angle of the anterior chamber.
definition: A form of secondary glaucoma which develops as a consequence of another ocular disease and is attributed to the forming of new vessels in the angle of the anterior chamber.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017612
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of glaucoma defined by an open, normal appearing anterior chamber angle and raised intraocular pressure, [HPO:probinson, pmid:11815354]
definition: A type of glaucoma defined by an open, normal appearing anterior chamber angle and raised intraocular pressure, [HPO:probinson, pmid:11815354]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017628
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A sulfonamide urea derivative with antihyperglycemic activity that can potentially be used to decrease cerebral edema. Upon administration, glyburide binds to and blocks the sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (SUR1) subunit of the ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifying potassium (K(ATP)) channels on the membranes of pancreatic beta cells. This prevents the inward current flow of positively charged potassium (K+) ions into the cell, and induces a calcium ion (Ca2+) influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, which triggers exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. In addition, glyburide also inhibits the SUR1-regulated nonselective cation (NC) Ca-ATP channel, melastatin 4 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4; (TRPM4)), thereby preventing capillary failure and brain swelling. SUR1-TRPM4 channels are formed by co-assembly of SUR1 with TRPM4 in neurons, astrocytes, and capillary endothelium during cerebral ischemia. Upon ischemia-induced ATP depletion, channels open which results in sodium influx, cytotoxic edema formation, capillary fragmentation and necrotic cell death. SUR1-TRPM4 is not expressed in normal, uninjured tissues.
definition: A sulfonamide urea derivative with antihyperglycemic activity that can potentially be used to decrease cerebral edema. Upon administration, glyburide binds to and blocks the sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (SUR1) subunit of the ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifying potassium (K(ATP)) channels on the membranes of pancreatic beta cells. This prevents the inward current flow of positively charged potassium (K+) ions into the cell, and induces a calcium ion (Ca2+) influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, which triggers exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. In addition, glyburide also inhibits the SUR1-regulated nonselective cation (NC) Ca-ATP channel, melastatin 4 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4; (TRPM4)), thereby preventing capillary failure and brain swelling. SUR1-TRPM4 channels are formed by co-assembly of SUR1 with TRPM4 in neurons, astrocytes, and capillary endothelium during cerebral ischemia. Upon ischemia-induced ATP depletion, channels open which results in sodium influx, cytotoxic edema formation, capillary fragmentation and necrotic cell death. SUR1-TRPM4 is not expressed in normal, uninjured tissues.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017631
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A short-acting, relatively high-potency, second-generation sulfonylurea compound with hypoglycemic activity. Gliclazide also increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. This agent is metabolized by CYP2C9.
definition: A short-acting, relatively high-potency, second-generation sulfonylurea compound with hypoglycemic activity. Gliclazide also increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. This agent is metabolized by CYP2C9.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017636
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.
definition: A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017638
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant brain and spinal cord tumor that arises from glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells). Tumors that arise from astrocytes are called astrocytic tumors or astrocytomas. Tumors that arise from oligodendrocytes are called oligodendroglial tumors. Tumors that arise from ependymal cells are called ependymomas.
definition: A benign or malignant brain and spinal cord tumor that arises from glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells). Tumors that arise from astrocytes are called astrocytic tumors or astrocytomas. Tumors that arise from oligodendrocytes are called oligodendroglial tumors. Tumors that arise from ependymal cells are called ependymomas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017639
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system.
definition: Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017641
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.
definition: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017642
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A short-acting, second-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Glipizide is rapidly absorbed, has a very quick onset of action and a short half-life. This agent is extensively metabolized in the liver and the metabolites as well as the unchanged form are excreted in the urine.
definition: A short-acting, second-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Glipizide is rapidly absorbed, has a very quick onset of action and a short half-life. This agent is extensively metabolized in the liver and the metabolites as well as the unchanged form are excreted in the urine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017650
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Persistent or intermittent non-painful sensation of a lump or foreign body in the throat occurring between meals in the absence of dysphagia, odynophagia, evidence of gastroesophageal acid reflux, or histopathogically based esophageal motility disorders.
definition: Persistent or intermittent non-painful sensation of a lump or foreign body in the throat occurring between meals in the absence of dysphagia, odynophagia, evidence of gastroesophageal acid reflux, or histopathogically based esophageal motility disorders.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017653
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from cells that resemble the modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. The majority of glomus tumors occur in the distal extremities.
definition: A rare benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from cells that resemble the modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. The majority of glomus tumors occur in the distal extremities.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017658
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A renal disorder characterized by damage in the glomeruli. It may be acute or chronic, focal or diffuse, and it may lead to renal failure. Causes include autoimmune disorders, infections, diabetes, and malignancies.
definition: A renal disorder characterized by damage in the glomeruli. It may be acute or chronic, focal or diffuse, and it may lead to renal failure. Causes include autoimmune disorders, infections, diabetes, and malignancies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017661
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major public health problem, affecting 1 in 1,000 individuals and with an annual death rate of 20% despite dialysis treatment. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of glomerulonephritis, a principal cause of ESRD worldwide, affecting up to 1.3% of the population. Kidneys of patients with IgA nephropathy show deposits of IgA-containing immune complexes with proliferation of the glomerular mesangium. Typical clinical features include onset before age 40 with hematuria and proteinuria, and episodes of gross hematuria following mucosal infections are common; 30% of patients develop progressive renal failure. Although not generally considered a hereditary disease, striking ethnic variation in prevalence (Julian et al., 1985; D'Amico, 1987) and familial clustering (Scolari et al., 1999), along with subclinical renal abnormalities among relatives of cases, suggest a genetic component (Gharavi et al., 2000). Genetic Heterogeneity of IgA Nephropathy A locus for familial IgA nephropathy, called IGAN1, on chromosome 6q22-q23, was described by Gharavi et al. (2000). Another locus, IGAN2 (613944), was identified by Paterson et al. (2007) on chromosome 2q36. IGAN3 (616818) is caused by mutation in the SPRY2 gene (602466) on chromosome 13q31. Polymorphisms in the ACE (106180) and AGT (106150) genes have been associated with progression to chronic renal failure in patients with IgA nephropathy.
definition: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major public health problem, affecting 1 in 1,000 individuals and with an annual death rate of 20% despite dialysis treatment. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of glomerulonephritis, a principal cause of ESRD worldwide, affecting up to 1.3% of the population. Kidneys of patients with IgA nephropathy show deposits of IgA-containing immune complexes with proliferation of the glomerular mesangium. Typical clinical features include onset before age 40 with hematuria and proteinuria, and episodes of gross hematuria following mucosal infections are common; 30% of patients develop progressive renal failure. Although not generally considered a hereditary disease, striking ethnic variation in prevalence (Julian et al., 1985; D'Amico, 1987) and familial clustering (Scolari et al., 1999), along with subclinical renal abnormalities among relatives of cases, suggest a genetic component (Gharavi et al., 2000). Genetic Heterogeneity of IgA Nephropathy A locus for familial IgA nephropathy, called IGAN1, on chromosome 6q22-q23, was described by Gharavi et al. (2000). Another locus, IGAN2 (613944), was identified by Paterson et al. (2007) on chromosome 2q36. IGAN3 (616818) is caused by mutation in the SPRY2 gene (602466) on chromosome 13q31. Polymorphisms in the ACE (106180) and AGT (106150) genes have been associated with progression to chronic renal failure in patients with IgA nephropathy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017662
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse mesangial cell proliferation and the thickening of capillary walls due to subendothelial extension of the mesangium. The term membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is often employed to denote a general pattern of glomerular injury seen in a variety of disease processes that share a common pathogenetic mechanism, rather than to describe a single disease entity
definition: A type of glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse mesangial cell proliferation and the thickening of capillary walls due to subendothelial extension of the mesangium. The term membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is often employed to denote a general pattern of glomerular injury seen in a variety of disease processes that share a common pathogenetic mechanism, rather than to describe a single disease entity

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017665
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A slowly progressive inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by immune complex deposits at the glomerular basement membrane, resulting in a thickened membrane, and nephrotic syndrome.
definition: A slowly progressive inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by immune complex deposits at the glomerular basement membrane, resulting in a thickened membrane, and nephrotic syndrome.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017668
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.
definition: A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017671
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant extra-adrenal parasympathetic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia in the base of the skull and middle ear.
definition: A benign or malignant extra-adrenal parasympathetic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia in the base of the skull and middle ear.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017672
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the tongue.
definition: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the tongue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017675
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Inflammation of the tongue.
definition: Inflammation of the tongue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017677
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign condition characterized by the development of irregular patches in the surface of the tongue resulting in a map-like appearance. The patches migrate from day to day and usually resolve without treatment.
definition: A benign condition characterized by the development of irregular patches in the surface of the tongue resulting in a map-like appearance. The patches migrate from day to day and usually resolve without treatment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017687
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)
definition: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017689
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A usually malignant, glucagon-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the pancreatic alpha cells. It may be associated with necrolytic erythema migrans, diarrhea, diabetes, glossitis, weight loss, malabsorption, and anemia. Almost 25% of patients experience thromboembolic complications, and 50% have liver metastases at the time of diagnosis.
definition: A usually malignant, glucagon-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the pancreatic alpha cells. It may be associated with necrolytic erythema migrans, diarrhea, diabetes, glossitis, weight loss, malabsorption, and anemia. Almost 25% of patients experience thromboembolic complications, and 50% have liver metastases at the time of diagnosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017696
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Polysaccharides composed of repeating glucose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.
definition: Polysaccharides composed of repeating glucose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017715
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The biosynthesis of new glucose as opposed to that generated by the metabolism of glycogen. Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver or kidneys, and involves the biosynthesis of glucose from 3-carbon or 4-carbon non-carbohydrate precursors such as amino acids or fats.
definition: The biosynthesis of new glucose as opposed to that generated by the metabolism of glycogen. Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver or kidneys, and involves the biosynthesis of glucose from 3-carbon or 4-carbon non-carbohydrate precursors such as amino acids or fats.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017718
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: amino sugar derivative of glucose, substituted at the 2 position, occurring in glycosaminoglycans and a variety of complex polysaccharides such as blood group substances.
definition: amino sugar derivative of glucose, substituted at the 2 position, occurring in glycosaminoglycans and a variety of complex polysaccharides such as blood group substances.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017720
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An amino sugar (2-amino, 2-deoxyglucose) in cell membranes, Glucosamine Sulfate is believed to play a role in cartilage formation and repair. Long-term glucosamine sulfate treatment retards progression of knee osteoarthritis; the mechanism appears to involve glucosamine's role as an essential substrate for glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid, needed for formation of the joint proteoglycan structural matrix. (NCI04)
definition: An amino sugar (2-amino, 2-deoxyglucose) in cell membranes, Glucosamine Sulfate is believed to play a role in cartilage formation and repair. Long-term glucosamine sulfate treatment retards progression of knee osteoarthritis; the mechanism appears to involve glucosamine's role as an essential substrate for glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid, needed for formation of the joint proteoglycan structural matrix. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017725
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
definition: A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017734
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The monohydrate form of D-glucose, a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate. Dextrose serves to replenish lost nutrients and electrolytes. The agent provides metabolic energy and is the primary ingredient in oral rehydration salts (ORS) and is used in intravenous (IV) fluids to provide nutrients to patients under intensive care who are unable to receive them by the oral route. Solutions containing dextrose restore blood glucose levels, provide calories, may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action. Dextrose also plays a role in the production of proteins and in lipid metabolism.
definition: The monohydrate form of D-glucose, a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate. Dextrose serves to replenish lost nutrients and electrolytes. The agent provides metabolic energy and is the primary ingredient in oral rehydration salts (ORS) and is used in intravenous (IV) fluids to provide nutrients to patients under intensive care who are unable to receive them by the oral route. Solutions containing dextrose restore blood glucose levels, provide calories, may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action. Dextrose also plays a role in the production of proteins and in lipid metabolism.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017740
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Solution that is usually 10 percent glucose but may be higher. An isotonic solution of glucose is 5 percent.
definition: Solution that is usually 10 percent glucose but may be higher. An isotonic solution of glucose is 5 percent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017797
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.
definition: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017845
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.
definition: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017860
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.
definition: GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017861
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, or sweetening agent.
definition: A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, or sweetening agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017887
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.
definition: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017890
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.
definition: A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017903
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.
definition: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017905
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.
definition: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017909
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
definition: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017919
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.
definition: A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017920
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is characterized by accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver and kidneys, resulting in hepatomegaly and renomegaly. The two subtypes (GSDIa and GSDIb) are clinically indistinguishable. Some untreated neonates present with severe hypoglycemia; more commonly, however, untreated infants present at age three to four months with hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and/or hypoglycemic seizures. Affected children typically have doll-like faces with fat cheeks, relatively thin extremities, short stature, and protuberant abdomen. Xanthoma and diarrhea may be present. Impaired platelet function can lead to a bleeding tendency with frequent epistaxis. Untreated GSDIb is associated with impaired neutrophil and monocyte function as well as chronic neutropenia after the first few years of life, all of which result in recurrent bacterial infections and oral and intestinal mucosal ulcers. Long-term complications of untreated GSDI include growth retardation resulting in short stature, osteoporosis, delayed puberty, gout, renal disease, pulmonary hypertension, hepatic adenomas with potential for malignant transformation, polycystic ovaries, pancreatitis, and changes in brain function. Normal growth and puberty is expected in treated children. Most affected individuals live into adulthood.
definition: Glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is characterized by accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver and kidneys, resulting in hepatomegaly and renomegaly. The two subtypes (GSDIa and GSDIb) are clinically indistinguishable. Some untreated neonates present with severe hypoglycemia; more commonly, however, untreated infants present at age three to four months with hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and/or hypoglycemic seizures. Affected children typically have doll-like faces with fat cheeks, relatively thin extremities, short stature, and protuberant abdomen. Xanthoma and diarrhea may be present. Impaired platelet function can lead to a bleeding tendency with frequent epistaxis. Untreated GSDIb is associated with impaired neutrophil and monocyte function as well as chronic neutropenia after the first few years of life, all of which result in recurrent bacterial infections and oral and intestinal mucosal ulcers. Long-term complications of untreated GSDI include growth retardation resulting in short stature, osteoporosis, delayed puberty, gout, renal disease, pulmonary hypertension, hepatic adenomas with potential for malignant transformation, polycystic ovaries, pancreatitis, and changes in brain function. Normal growth and puberty is expected in treated children. Most affected individuals live into adulthood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017921
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Pompe disease is classified by age of onset, organ involvement, severity, and rate of progression. Infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD; individuals with onset before age 12 months with cardiomyopathy) may be apparent in utero but more typically onset is at the median age of four months with hypotonia, generalized muscle weakness, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, respiratory distress, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Without treatment by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), IOPD commonly results in death by age two years from progressive left ventricular outflow obstruction and respiratory insufficiency. Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD; including: (a) individuals with onset before age 12 months without cardiomyopathy; and (b) all individuals with onset after age 12 months) is characterized by proximal muscle weakness and respiratory insufficiency; clinically significant cardiac involvement is uncommon.
definition: Pompe disease is classified by age of onset, organ involvement, severity, and rate of progression. Infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD; individuals with onset before age 12 months with cardiomyopathy) may be apparent in utero but more typically onset is at the median age of four months with hypotonia, generalized muscle weakness, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, respiratory distress, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Without treatment by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), IOPD commonly results in death by age two years from progressive left ventricular outflow obstruction and respiratory insufficiency. Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD; including: (a) individuals with onset before age 12 months without cardiomyopathy; and (b) all individuals with onset after age 12 months) is characterized by proximal muscle weakness and respiratory insufficiency; clinically significant cardiac involvement is uncommon.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017922
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) is characterized by variable liver, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle involvement. GSD IIIa is the most common subtype, present in about 85% of affected individuals; it manifests with liver and muscle involvement. GSD IIIb, with liver involvement only, comprises about 15% of all GSD III. In infancy and early childhood, liver involvement presents as ketotic hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, hyperlipidemia, and elevated hepatic transaminases. In adolescence and adulthood, liver disease becomes less prominent. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy develops in the majority of those with GSD IIIa, usually during childhood. Its clinical significance ranges from asymptomatic in the majority to severe cardiac dysfunction, congestive heart failure, and (rarely) sudden death. Skeletal myopathy manifesting as weakness is not usually evident in childhood, but slowly progresses, typically becoming prominent in the third to fourth decade.
definition: Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) is characterized by variable liver, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle involvement. GSD IIIa is the most common subtype, present in about 85% of affected individuals; it manifests with liver and muscle involvement. GSD IIIb, with liver involvement only, comprises about 15% of all GSD III. In infancy and early childhood, liver involvement presents as ketotic hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, hyperlipidemia, and elevated hepatic transaminases. In adolescence and adulthood, liver disease becomes less prominent. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy develops in the majority of those with GSD IIIa, usually during childhood. Its clinical significance ranges from asymptomatic in the majority to severe cardiac dysfunction, congestive heart failure, and (rarely) sudden death. Skeletal myopathy manifesting as weakness is not usually evident in childhood, but slowly progresses, typically becoming prominent in the third to fourth decade.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017923
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: The clinical manifestations of glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV) discussed in this entry span a continuum of different subtypes with variable ages of onset, severity, and clinical features. Clinical findings vary extensively both within and between families. The fatal perinatal neuromuscular subtype presents in utero with fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) with decreased fetal movements, polyhydramnios, and fetal hydrops. Death usually occurs in the neonatal period. The congenital neuromuscular subtype presents in the newborn period with profound hypotonia, respiratory distress, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Death usually occurs in early infancy. Infants with the classic (progressive) hepatic subtype may appear normal at birth, but rapidly develop failure to thrive; hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, and progressive liver cirrhosis; hypotonia; and cardiomyopathy. Without liver transplantation, death from liver failure usually occurs by age five years. Children with the non-progressive hepatic subtype tend to present with hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, myopathy, and hypotonia; however, they are likely to survive without progression of the liver disease and may not show cardiac, skeletal muscle, or neurologic involvement. The childhood neuromuscular subtype is rare and the course is variable, ranging from onset in the second decade with a mild disease course to a more severe, progressive course resulting in death in the third decade.
definition: The clinical manifestations of glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV) discussed in this entry span a continuum of different subtypes with variable ages of onset, severity, and clinical features. Clinical findings vary extensively both within and between families. The fatal perinatal neuromuscular subtype presents in utero with fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) with decreased fetal movements, polyhydramnios, and fetal hydrops. Death usually occurs in the neonatal period. The congenital neuromuscular subtype presents in the newborn period with profound hypotonia, respiratory distress, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Death usually occurs in early infancy. Infants with the classic (progressive) hepatic subtype may appear normal at birth, but rapidly develop failure to thrive; hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, and progressive liver cirrhosis; hypotonia; and cardiomyopathy. Without liver transplantation, death from liver failure usually occurs by age five years. Children with the non-progressive hepatic subtype tend to present with hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, myopathy, and hypotonia; however, they are likely to survive without progression of the liver disease and may not show cardiac, skeletal muscle, or neurologic involvement. The childhood neuromuscular subtype is rare and the course is variable, ranging from onset in the second decade with a mild disease course to a more severe, progressive course resulting in death in the third decade.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017924
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Glycogen storage disease type V (GSDV, McArdle disease) is a metabolic myopathy characterized by exercise intolerance manifested by rapid fatigue, myalgia, and cramps in exercising muscles. Symptoms usually are precipitated by isometric exercise or sustained aerobic exercise. Most individuals improve their exercise tolerance by exploiting the ""second wind"" phenomenon with relief of myalgia and fatigue after a few minutes of rest. Age of onset is frequently in the first decade of life but can vary. Fixed muscle weakness occurs in approximately 25% of affected individuals, is more likely to involve proximal muscles, and is more common in individuals of advanced age. Approximately 50% of affected individuals have recurrent episodes of myoglobinuria that could eventually result in acute renal failure, although reported cases are rare.
definition: Glycogen storage disease type V (GSDV, McArdle disease) is a metabolic myopathy characterized by exercise intolerance manifested by rapid fatigue, myalgia, and cramps in exercising muscles. Symptoms usually are precipitated by isometric exercise or sustained aerobic exercise. Most individuals improve their exercise tolerance by exploiting the ""second wind"" phenomenon with relief of myalgia and fatigue after a few minutes of rest. Age of onset is frequently in the first decade of life but can vary. Fixed muscle weakness occurs in approximately 25% of affected individuals, is more likely to involve proximal muscles, and is more common in individuals of advanced age. Approximately 50% of affected individuals have recurrent episodes of myoglobinuria that could eventually result in acute renal failure, although reported cases are rare.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017925
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Glycogen storage disease type VI (GSD VI), a disorder of glycogenolysis caused by deficiency of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase, is characterized in the untreated child by hepatomegaly, growth retardation, ketotic hypoglycemia after an overnight fast, and mild hypoglycemia after prolonged fasting (e.g., during an illness). It is usually a relatively mild disorder that presents in infancy and childhood; however, severe and recurrent hypoglycemia, severe hepatomegaly, and post-prandial lactic acidosis have been described. The risk of hepatic adenoma formation in late childhood and adulthood is theoretically increased. Clinical and biochemical abnormalities may resolve with age; most adults are asymptomatic. Hypoglycemia can occur during pregnancy.
definition: Glycogen storage disease type VI (GSD VI), a disorder of glycogenolysis caused by deficiency of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase, is characterized in the untreated child by hepatomegaly, growth retardation, ketotic hypoglycemia after an overnight fast, and mild hypoglycemia after prolonged fasting (e.g., during an illness). It is usually a relatively mild disorder that presents in infancy and childhood; however, severe and recurrent hypoglycemia, severe hepatomegaly, and post-prandial lactic acidosis have been described. The risk of hepatic adenoma formation in late childhood and adulthood is theoretically increased. Clinical and biochemical abnormalities may resolve with age; most adults are asymptomatic. Hypoglycemia can occur during pregnancy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017926
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Glycogen storage disease VII is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized clinically by exercise intolerance, muscle cramping, exertional myopathy, and compensated hemolysis. Myoglobinuria may also occur. The deficiency of the muscle isoform of PFK results in a total and partial loss of muscle and red cell PFK activity, respectively. Raben and Sherman (1995) noted that not all patients with GSD VII seek medical care because in some cases it is a relatively mild disorder.
definition: Glycogen storage disease VII is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized clinically by exercise intolerance, muscle cramping, exertional myopathy, and compensated hemolysis. Myoglobinuria may also occur. The deficiency of the muscle isoform of PFK results in a total and partial loss of muscle and red cell PFK activity, respectively. Raben and Sherman (1995) noted that not all patients with GSD VII seek medical care because in some cases it is a relatively mild disorder.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017927
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An x-linked recessive hepatic glycogen storage disease resulting from lack of expression of phosphorylase-b-kinase activity. Symptoms are relatively mild; hepatomegaly, increased liver glycogen, and decreased leukocyte phosphorylase are present. Liver shrinkage occurs in response to glucagon.
definition: An x-linked recessive hepatic glycogen storage disease resulting from lack of expression of phosphorylase-b-kinase activity. Symptoms are relatively mild; hepatomegaly, increased liver glycogen, and decreased leukocyte phosphorylase are present. Liver shrinkage occurs in response to glucagon.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017952
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A series of anaerobic chemical reactions that cells utilize to produce energy. Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway in which glucose is catabolized into lactate or pyruvate via enzymatic reactions to generate ATP.
definition: A series of anaerobic chemical reactions that cells utilize to produce energy. Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway in which glucose is catabolized into lactate or pyruvate via enzymatic reactions to generate ATP.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017963
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The alpha chain of pituitary glycoprotein hormones (THYROTROPIN; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE) and the placental CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Within a species, the alpha subunits of these four hormones are identical; the distinct functional characteristics of these glycoprotein hormones are determined by the unique beta subunits. Both subunits, the non-covalently bound heterodimers, are required for full biologic activity.
definition: The alpha chain of pituitary glycoprotein hormones (THYROTROPIN; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE) and the placental CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Within a species, the alpha subunits of these four hormones are identical; the distinct functional characteristics of these glycoprotein hormones are determined by the unique beta subunits. Both subunits, the non-covalently bound heterodimers, are required for full biologic activity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017970
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.
definition: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017973
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine (see ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE) or N-acetylgalactosamine (see ACETYLGALACTOSAMINE).
definition: Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine (see ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE) or N-acetylgalactosamine (see ACETYLGALACTOSAMINE).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017976
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: CSP
  definition: covering the sugar hydrolases.
definition: covering the sugar hydrolases.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017978
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Lipids containing at least one monosaccharide residue and either a sphingoid or a ceramide (CERAMIDES). They are subdivided into NEUTRAL GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS comprising monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylsphingoids and monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylceramides; and ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS which comprises sialosylglycosylsphingolipids (GANGLIOSIDES); SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS (formerly known as sulfatides), glycuronoglycosphingolipids, and phospho- and phosphonoglycosphingolipids. (From IUPAC's webpage)
definition: Lipids containing at least one monosaccharide residue and either a sphingoid or a ceramide (CERAMIDES). They are subdivided into NEUTRAL GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS comprising monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylsphingoids and monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylceramides; and ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS which comprises sialosylglycosylsphingolipids (GANGLIOSIDES); SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS (formerly known as sulfatides), glycuronoglycosphingolipids, and phospho- and phosphonoglycosphingolipids. (From IUPAC's webpage)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017979
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An increased concentration of glucose in the urine.
definition: An increased concentration of glucose in the urine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017980
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Patients with familial renal glucosuria have decreased renal tubular resorption of glucose form the urine in the absence of hyperglycemia and any other signs of tubular dysfunction. Glucosuria in these patients can range from less than 1 to over 150 g/1.73 m(2) per day (Santer and Calado, 2010).
definition: Patients with familial renal glucosuria have decreased renal tubular resorption of glucose form the urine in the absence of hyperglycemia and any other signs of tubular dysfunction. Glucosuria in these patients can range from less than 1 to over 150 g/1.73 m(2) per day (Santer and Calado, 2010).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017984
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The simplest of all peptides. It functions as a gamma-glutamyl acceptor.
definition: The simplest of all peptides. It functions as a gamma-glutamyl acceptor.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017986
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A pentacyclic triterpenoid aglycone metabolite of glycyrrhizin, which is a product of the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), with potential expectorant, and gastrokinetic activities. After administration, enoxolone inhibits the metabolism of prostaglandins by both 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] and prostaglandin reductase 2. Therefore, this agent potentiates the activity of prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha, which inhibits gastric secretion while stimulating pancreatic secretion and the secretion of intestinal and respiratory mucus, leading to increased intestinal motility and antitussive effects. Additionally, this agent inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the conversion of cortisol to cortisone in the kidneys.
definition: A pentacyclic triterpenoid aglycone metabolite of glycyrrhizin, which is a product of the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), with potential expectorant, and gastrokinetic activities. After administration, enoxolone inhibits the metabolism of prostaglandins by both 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] and prostaglandin reductase 2. Therefore, this agent potentiates the activity of prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha, which inhibits gastric secretion while stimulating pancreatic secretion and the secretion of intestinal and respiratory mucus, leading to increased intestinal motility and antitussive effects. Additionally, this agent inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the conversion of cortisol to cortisone in the kidneys.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0017992
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A 2-carbon aldehyde with carbonyl groups on both carbons.
definition: A 2-carbon aldehyde with carbonyl groups on both carbons.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018013
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infection that is caused by nematodes of the genus Gnathostoma, which is commonly found in Southeast Asia, and which is transmitted via the consumption of contaminated raw/undercooked birds, eels, fish, frogs, or reptiles. The pattern of symptoms is species-dependent, and extraintestinal manifestations are due to larval migration (e.g., pulmonary infiltrates, eosinophilic meningitis, or painful, pruritic subcutaneous swellings, and peripheral blood eosinophilia).
definition: An infection that is caused by nematodes of the genus Gnathostoma, which is commonly found in Southeast Asia, and which is transmitted via the consumption of contaminated raw/undercooked birds, eels, fish, frogs, or reptiles. The pattern of symptoms is species-dependent, and extraintestinal manifestations are due to larval migration (e.g., pulmonary infiltrates, eosinophilic meningitis, or painful, pruritic subcutaneous swellings, and peripheral blood eosinophilia).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018018
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Diseases of the domestic or wild goat of the genus Capra.
definition: Diseases of the domestic or wild goat of the genus Capra.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018021
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An enlargement of the thyroid gland.
definition: An enlargement of the thyroid gland.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018022
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: DICER1-related disorders are a familial tumor susceptibility syndrome that confers increased risk most commonly for pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB); ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, juvenile granulosa cell tumor, and gynandroblastoma); cystic nephroma; and thyroid gland neoplasia (multinodular goiter, adenomas, or differentiated thyroid cancer). Less commonly observed tumors are ciliary body medulloepithelioma; botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix or other sites; nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma; renal sarcoma; pituitary blastoma; and pineoblastoma. Novel phenotypes continue to be discovered. The majority of tumors in families with a DICER1 germline pathogenic variant occur in individuals younger than age 40 years. PPB, a neoplasm that arises during lung development or shortly after birth, typically presents in infants and children younger than age six years. Age of onset of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors is not well defined. CN presents in children younger than age four years.
definition: DICER1-related disorders are a familial tumor susceptibility syndrome that confers increased risk most commonly for pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB); ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, juvenile granulosa cell tumor, and gynandroblastoma); cystic nephroma; and thyroid gland neoplasia (multinodular goiter, adenomas, or differentiated thyroid cancer). Less commonly observed tumors are ciliary body medulloepithelioma; botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix or other sites; nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma; renal sarcoma; pituitary blastoma; and pineoblastoma. Novel phenotypes continue to be discovered. The majority of tumors in families with a DICER1 germline pathogenic variant occur in individuals younger than age 40 years. PPB, a neoplasm that arises during lung development or shortly after birth, typically presents in infants and children younger than age six years. Age of onset of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors is not well defined. CN presents in children younger than age four years.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018023
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.
definition: An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018024
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An enlarged THYROID GLAND with at least 50% of the gland situated behind the STERNUM. It is an unusual presentation of an intrathoracic goiter. Substernal goiters frequently cause compression on the TRACHEA leading to deviation, narrowing, and respiratory symptoms.
definition: An enlarged THYROID GLAND with at least 50% of the gland situated behind the STERNUM. It is an unusual presentation of an intrathoracic goiter. Substernal goiters frequently cause compression on the TRACHEA leading to deviation, narrowing, and respiratory symptoms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018026
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.
definition: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018029
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A suspension of radioactive gold particles emitting negative beta particles and gamma irradiation. It was formerly used for liver scans and irradiation treatment of some metastatic malignancies.
definition: A suspension of radioactive gold particles emitting negative beta particles and gamma irradiation. It was formerly used for liver scans and irradiation treatment of some metastatic malignancies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018033
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals.
definition: A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018034
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis.
definition: A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018036
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: HYPERTENSION due to renal ISCHEMIA. In 1934, Harry Goldblatt described that hypertension can be produced experimentally by using a clamp to obstruct blood flow to one kidney, the Goldblatt phenomenon.
definition: HYPERTENSION due to renal ISCHEMIA. In 1934, Harry Goldblatt described that hypertension can be produced experimentally by using a clamp to obstruct blood flow to one kidney, the Goldblatt phenomenon.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018050
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the testis or the ovary.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the testis or the ovary.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018051
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital disorder characterized by the presence of extremely hypoplastic gonads preventing the development of secondary sex characteristics.
definition: A congenital disorder characterized by the presence of extremely hypoplastic gonads preventing the development of secondary sex characteristics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018054
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Defects in the SEX DETERMINATION PROCESS in 46, XY individuals that result in abnormal gonadal development and deficiencies in TESTOSTERONE and subsequently ANTIMULLERIAN HORMONE or other factors required for normal male sex development. This leads to the development of female phenotypes (male to female sex reversal), normal to tall stature, and bilateral streak or dysgenic gonads which are susceptible to GONADAL TISSUE NEOPLASMS. An XY gonadal dysgenesis is associated with structural abnormalities on the Y CHROMOSOME, a mutation in the GENE, SRY, or a mutation in other autosomal genes that are involved in sex determination.
definition: Defects in the SEX DETERMINATION PROCESS in 46, XY individuals that result in abnormal gonadal development and deficiencies in TESTOSTERONE and subsequently ANTIMULLERIAN HORMONE or other factors required for normal male sex development. This leads to the development of female phenotypes (male to female sex reversal), normal to tall stature, and bilateral streak or dysgenic gonads which are susceptible to GONADAL TISSUE NEOPLASMS. An XY gonadal dysgenesis is associated with structural abnormalities on the Y CHROMOSOME, a mutation in the GENE, SRY, or a mutation in other autosomal genes that are involved in sex determination.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018055
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital condition characterized by asymmetrical gonadal development in an individual with mosaic karyotype 45,X/46,XY. 45,X/46,XY mosaic is the most common form of mixed gonadal dysgenesis.
definition: A congenital condition characterized by asymmetrical gonadal development in an individual with mosaic karyotype 45,X/46,XY. 45,X/46,XY mosaic is the most common form of mixed gonadal dysgenesis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018061
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Heterodimeric glycoprotein Gonadotropin consists of alpha (common)/beta (unique) protein subunits. The alpha subunit is present in other heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones. The beta subunit confers biological specificity and stimulates ovarian synthesis of steroids (progesterone) to maintain pregnancy.
definition: Heterodimeric glycoprotein Gonadotropin consists of alpha (common)/beta (unique) protein subunits. The alpha subunit is present in other heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones. The beta subunit confers biological specificity and stimulates ovarian synthesis of steroids (progesterone) to maintain pregnancy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018062
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).
definition: A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018064
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.
definition: Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018066
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) that stimulate gonadal functions in both males and females. They include FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE that stimulates germ cell maturation (OOGENESIS; SPERMATOGENESIS), and LUTEINIZING HORMONE that stimulates the production of sex steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE; ANDROGENS).
definition: Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) that stimulate gonadal functions in both males and females. They include FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE that stimulates germ cell maturation (OOGENESIS; SPERMATOGENESIS), and LUTEINIZING HORMONE that stimulates the production of sex steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE; ANDROGENS).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018074
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A gonococcal infection of the lower urinary tract that is rapid in onset.
definition: A gonococcal infection of the lower urinary tract that is rapid in onset.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018078
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the urethra secondary to infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae; this infection is spread through sexual contact.
definition: Inflammation of the urethra secondary to infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae; this infection is spread through sexual contact.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018081
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A common sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse. Infected individuals may be asymptomatic. Symptoms in males include burning sensation during urination, discharge from the penis, and painful swelling of the testes. Symptoms in females include painful urination, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding between periods. If untreated, the infection may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.
definition: A common sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse. Infected individuals may be asymptomatic. Symptoms in males include burning sensation during urination, discharge from the penis, and painful swelling of the testes. Symptoms in females include painful urination, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding between periods. If untreated, the infection may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018096
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.
definition: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018099
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Gout is a type of arthritis, which is a group of related disorders caused by episodes of abnormal inflammation in the joints. People with gout have high levels of a substance called urate in the blood (hyperuricemia). Gout develops when hyperuricemia leads to the formation of urate crystals in joints, triggering an inflammatory response from the immune system.In people with gout, the first episode of inflammation (called a flare) usually affects the big toe or other joints in the foot or ankle. If urate levels remain high, flares can recur, affecting additional joints throughout the body. The time between flares varies among affected individuals; however, most people who experience multiple flares have their second one within a year of their first.Flares usually begin at night and can last several days. It is unclear what causes a flare to stop; the body likely turns off the inflammation response after a certain period of time. During a flare, individuals can experience throbbing or burning pain, swelling, warmth, redness, and difficulty moving the affected joint. Fevers may occur, after which the skin over the affected joint can begin to peel. Without treatment, people with gout can experience frequent flares and joint pain and damage, which can limit mobility and decrease quality of life.In about 15 percent of people with gout, urate accumulates in the kidneys and forms kidney stones. As the condition worsens, urate crystals can also be deposited under the skin or in other soft tissue, forming a nodule called a tophus (plural: tophi). These tophi often form in the hands, elbows, or feet. Tophi do not typically cause pain, but they can become inflamed, infected, or ooze fluid. Depending on their location, tophi can interfere with movements such as walking or gripping objects.Many people with gout also have other health conditions. Most affected individuals have high blood pressure (hypertension), chronic kidney disease, or obesity. Some also have diabetes, heart di…
definition: Gout is a type of arthritis, which is a group of related disorders caused by episodes of abnormal inflammation in the joints. People with gout have high levels of a substance called urate in the blood (hyperuricemia). Gout develops when hyperuricemia leads to the formation of urate crystals in joints, triggering an inflammatory response from the immune system.In people with gout, the first episode of inflammation (called a flare) usually affects the big toe or other joints in the foot or ankle. If urate levels remain high, flares can recur, affecting additional joints throughout the body. The time between flares varies among affected individuals; however, most people who experience multiple flares have their second one within a year of their first.Flares usually begin at night and can last several days. It is unclear what causes a flare to stop; the body likely turns off the inflammation response after a certain period of time. During a flare, individuals can experience throbbing or burning pain, swelling, warmth, redness, and difficulty moving the affected joint. Fevers may occur, after which the skin over the affected joint can begin to peel. Without treatment, people with gout can experience frequent flares and joint pain and damage, which can limit mobility and decrease quality of life.In about 15 percent of people with gout, urate accumulates in the kidneys and forms kidney stones. As the condition worsens, urate crystals can also be deposited under the skin or in other soft tissue, forming a nodule called a tophus (plural: tophi). These tophi often form in the hands, elbows, or feet. Tophi do not typically cause pain, but they can become inflamed, infected, or ooze fluid. Depending on their location, tophi can interfere with movements such as walking or gripping objects.Many people with gout also have other health conditions. Most affected individuals have high blood pressure (hypertension), chronic kidney disease, or obesity. Some also have diabetes, heart di…

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018100
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents that increase uric acid excretion by the kidney (URICOSURIC AGENTS), decrease uric acid production (antihyperuricemics), or alleviate the pain and inflammation of acute attacks of gout.
definition: Agents that increase uric acid excretion by the kidney (URICOSURIC AGENTS), decrease uric acid production (antihyperuricemics), or alleviate the pain and inflammation of acute attacks of gout.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018121
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Inflammation of PETROUS BONE secondary to chronic OTITIS MEDIA. Its symptoms include fever, occipital headache, ear and retroorbital pain, and facial paralysis.
definition: Inflammation of PETROUS BONE secondary to chronic OTITIS MEDIA. Its symptoms include fever, occipital headache, ear and retroorbital pain, and facial paralysis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018128
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.
definition: Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018133
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A reaction, which may be fatal, in an immunocompromised subject (host) who has received an antigenically incompatible tissue transplant (graft) from an immunocompetent donor. The reaction is secondary to the activation of the transplanted cells against those host tissues that express an antigen not expressed by the donor, and is seen most commonly following bone marrow transplantation; acute disease is seen after 5-40 days, and chronic disease occurs weeks to months after transplantation.
definition: A reaction, which may be fatal, in an immunocompromised subject (host) who has received an antigenically incompatible tissue transplant (graft) from an immunocompetent donor. The reaction is secondary to the activation of the transplanted cells against those host tissues that express an antigen not expressed by the donor, and is seen most commonly following bone marrow transplantation; acute disease is seen after 5-40 days, and chronic disease occurs weeks to months after transplantation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018134
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An immunological attack mounted by a graft against the host because of tissue incompatibility when immunologically competent cells are transplanted to an immunologically incompetent host; the resulting clinical picture is that of GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE.
definition: An immunological attack mounted by a graft against the host because of tissue incompatibility when immunologically competent cells are transplanted to an immunologically incompetent host; the resulting clinical picture is that of GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018179
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A stromal corneal dystrophy that is caused by mutation(s) in the TGFBI gene.
definition: A stromal corneal dystrophy that is caused by mutation(s) in the TGFBI gene.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018188
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.
definition: A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018190
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition resulting from infection by Klebsiella granulomati, which is characterized by ulcerative lesions of the genitalia.
definition: A condition resulting from infection by Klebsiella granulomati, which is characterized by ulcerative lesions of the genitalia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018193
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An inflammatory lesion comprised of epithelioid histiocytes and chronic inflammation that is caused by the presence of extraneous material.
definition: An inflammatory lesion comprised of epithelioid histiocytes and chronic inflammation that is caused by the presence of extraneous material.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018194
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion, usually of the jaw or gingiva, containing large, multinucleated cells. It includes reparative giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma refers to the gingiva (giant cell epulis); central refers to the jaw.
definition: A non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion, usually of the jaw or gingiva, containing large, multinucleated cells. It includes reparative giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma refers to the gingiva (giant cell epulis); central refers to the jaw.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018196
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A tumor-like nodule or mass of inflammatory granulation tissue projecting into the lumen of the LARYNX.
definition: A tumor-like nodule or mass of inflammatory granulation tissue projecting into the lumen of the LARYNX.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018197
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An aggressive, progressive, and destructive lesion affecting the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, and the palate. The vast majority of cases are malignant lymphoproliferations affecting the midline of the face in patients with nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma.
definition: An aggressive, progressive, and destructive lesion affecting the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, and the palate. The vast majority of cases are malignant lymphoproliferations affecting the midline of the face in patients with nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018199
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.
definition: A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018200
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Granulomatous disorders affecting one or more sites in the respiratory tract.
definition: Granulomatous disorders affecting one or more sites in the respiratory tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018202
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Inflammation of the arteries that is characterized by the presence of granulomas.
definition: Inflammation of the arteries that is characterized by the presence of granulomas.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018203
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.
definition: A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018204
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infectious or non-infectious inflammatory process that affects the prostate gland. Infectious causative agents include bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. It is characterized by the formation of granulomas in the prostatic tissue.
definition: An infectious or non-infectious inflammatory process that affects the prostate gland. Infectious causative agents include bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. It is characterized by the formation of granulomas in the prostatic tissue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018206
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A neoplasm composed entirely of GRANULOSA CELLS, occurring mostly in the OVARY. In the adult form, it may contain some THECA CELLS. This tumor often produces ESTRADIOL and INHIBIN. The excess estrogen exposure can lead to other malignancies in women and PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY in girls. In rare cases, granulosa cell tumors have been identified in the TESTES.
definition: A neoplasm composed entirely of GRANULOSA CELLS, occurring mostly in the OVARY. In the adult form, it may contain some THECA CELLS. This tumor often produces ESTRADIOL and INHIBIN. The excess estrogen exposure can lead to other malignancies in women and PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY in girls. In rare cases, granulosa cell tumors have been identified in the TESTES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018213
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An autoimmune disease where the thyroid is overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones (a serious metabolic imbalance known as hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis). This is caused by autoantibodies to the TSH-receptor (TSHR-Ab) that activate that TSH-receptor (TSHR), thereby stimulating thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, and thyroid growth (causing a diffusely enlarged goiter). The resulting state of hyperthyroidism can cause a dramatic constellation of neuropsychological and physical signs and symptoms, which can severely compromise the patients.
definition: An autoimmune disease where the thyroid is overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones (a serious metabolic imbalance known as hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis). This is caused by autoantibodies to the TSH-receptor (TSHR-Ab) that activate that TSH-receptor (TSHR), thereby stimulating thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, and thyroid growth (causing a diffusely enlarged goiter). The resulting state of hyperthyroidism can cause a dramatic constellation of neuropsychological and physical signs and symptoms, which can severely compromise the patients.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018242
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An antifungal agent derived from the mold Penicillium griseofulvum that is used to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails. Griseofulvin binds to tubulin, disrupting microtubule function and inhibiting mitosis.
definition: An antifungal agent derived from the mold Penicillium griseofulvum that is used to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails. Griseofulvin binds to tubulin, disrupting microtubule function and inhibiting mitosis.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018273
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.
definition: Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018282
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Endogenous or exogenous substances which inhibit the normal growth of human and animal cells or micro-organisms, as distinguished from those affecting plant growth (= PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS).
definition: Endogenous or exogenous substances which inhibit the normal growth of human and animal cells or micro-organisms, as distinguished from those affecting plant growth (= PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018304
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747)
definition: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018305
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A glyceryl guaiacolate with expectorant effects. Guaifenesin increases respiratory tract mucus secretions, acts as an irritant to gastric vagal receptors and recruits efferent parasympathetic reflexes that cause glandular exocytosis. This agent reduces the viscosity of mucus secretion by reducing adhesiveness and surface tension as well as increasing hydration of mucus. Guaifenesin promotes the efficiency of the mucociliary mechanism important in removing accumulated secretions from the upper and lower airway.
definition: A glyceryl guaiacolate with expectorant effects. Guaifenesin increases respiratory tract mucus secretions, acts as an irritant to gastric vagal receptors and recruits efferent parasympathetic reflexes that cause glandular exocytosis. This agent reduces the viscosity of mucus secretion by reducing adhesiveness and surface tension as well as increasing hydration of mucus. Guaifenesin promotes the efficiency of the mucociliary mechanism important in removing accumulated secretions from the upper and lower airway.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018312
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.
definition: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018316
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A cytostatic triazole derivative antimetabolite. Guanazole scavenges tyrosine free radicals, thereby inhibiting mammalian ribonucleotide reductase activity and DNA synthesis. (NCI04)
definition: A cytostatic triazole derivative antimetabolite. Guanazole scavenges tyrosine free radicals, thereby inhibiting mammalian ribonucleotide reductase activity and DNA synthesis. (NCI04)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018318
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.
definition: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018330
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A purine nucleoside formed from a beta-N9-glycosidic bond between guanine and a ribose ring and is essential for metabolism.
definition: A purine nucleoside formed from a beta-N9-glycosidic bond between guanine and a ribose ring and is essential for metabolism.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018365
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: May protect against hypoxic damage; proposed for treatment of shock due to trauma or blood loss; also stimulates paretic gastrointestinal system.
definition: May protect against hypoxic damage; proposed for treatment of shock due to trauma or blood loss; also stimulates paretic gastrointestinal system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018378
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rapidly progressive autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by limb paresthesias, areflexia, and generalized muscle weakness or paralysis that often begins in the legs and spreads to the arms, torso, and face.
definition: A rapidly progressive autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by limb paresthesias, areflexia, and generalized muscle weakness or paralysis that often begins in the legs and spreads to the arms, torso, and face.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018389
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Powdered exudate from various Acacia species, especially A. senegal (Leguminosae). It forms mucilage or syrup in water. Gum arabic is used as a suspending agent, excipient, and emulsifier in foods and pharmaceuticals.
definition: Powdered exudate from various Acacia species, especially A. senegal (Leguminosae). It forms mucilage or syrup in water. Gum arabic is used as a suspending agent, excipient, and emulsifier in foods and pharmaceuticals.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018413
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, composed of cells of both the OVARY and the TESTIS. It produces both male and female GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.
definition: A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, composed of cells of both the OVARY and the TESTIS. It produces both male and female GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018414
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital or acquired occlusion of an opening in any part of the female genital tract.
definition: A congenital or acquired occlusion of an opening in any part of the female genital tract.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018418
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Abnormal development of large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement.
definition: Abnormal development of large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018425
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in the OAT gene. It is characterized by progressive atrophy of the retina and choroid, leading to loss of vision and blindness.
definition: A rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in the OAT gene. It is characterized by progressive atrophy of the retina and choroid, leading to loss of vision and blindness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018477
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.
definition: Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018482
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An infection that is caused by the organism Hemophilus.
definition: An infection that is caused by the organism Hemophilus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018500
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder involving the hair. Representative examples include folliculitis, alopecia, tricholemmoma, and pilomatrical carcinoma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder involving the hair. Representative examples include folliculitis, alopecia, tricholemmoma, and pilomatrical carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018508
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A usually benign congenital skin growth that is often pigmented and sometimes develop coarse surface hair. There is a lifetime risk of transformation to malignant melanoma which varies depending on the size of the lesion.
definition: A usually benign congenital skin growth that is often pigmented and sometimes develop coarse surface hair. There is a lifetime risk of transformation to malignant melanoma which varies depending on the size of the lesion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018513
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.
definition: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018520
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods.
definition: An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018522
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is characterized by a typical skull shape (brachycephaly with frontal bossing), hypotrichosis, microphthalmia, cataracts, beaked nose, micrognathia, skin atrophy, dental anomalies, and proportionate short stature (Hallermann, 1948; Streiff, 1950; Francois, 1958). Mental retardation is present in a minority of cases (Gorlin et al., 1990).
definition: Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is characterized by a typical skull shape (brachycephaly with frontal bossing), hypotrichosis, microphthalmia, cataracts, beaked nose, micrognathia, skin atrophy, dental anomalies, and proportionate short stature (Hallermann, 1948; Streiff, 1950; Francois, 1958). Mental retardation is present in a minority of cases (Gorlin et al., 1990).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018523
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneReviews
  definition: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). The phenotypic spectrum of PKAN includes classic PKAN and atypical PKAN. Classic PKAN is characterized by early childhood onset of progressive dystonia, dysarthria, rigidity, and choreoathetosis. Pigmentary retinal degeneration is common. Atypical PKAN is characterized by later onset (age >10 years), prominent speech defects, psychiatric disturbances, and more gradual progression of disease.
definition: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). The phenotypic spectrum of PKAN includes classic PKAN and atypical PKAN. Classic PKAN is characterized by early childhood onset of progressive dystonia, dysarthria, rigidity, and choreoathetosis. Pigmentary retinal degeneration is common. Atypical PKAN is characterized by later onset (age >10 years), prominent speech defects, psychiatric disturbances, and more gradual progression of disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018524
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A false sensory perception in the absence of an external stimulus, as distinct from an illusion which is a misperception of an external stimulus.
definition: A false sensory perception in the absence of an external stimulus, as distinct from an illusion which is a misperception of an external stimulus.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018528
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A drug dependence for a hallucinogenic substance.
definition: A drug dependence for a hallucinogenic substance.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018533
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any naturally-derived or synthetic substance that can induce hallucinations.
definition: Any naturally-derived or synthetic substance that can induce hallucinations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018536
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe.
definition: A deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018541
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) modulator with antilipidemic activity. Halofenate also decreases fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetic patients, but not normoglycemic subjects.
definition: A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) modulator with antilipidemic activity. Halofenate also decreases fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetic patients, but not normoglycemic subjects.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018546
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
definition: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018549
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon and general inhalation anesthetic. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, halothane provides relatively rapid induction of anesthesia by depressing the central nervous system, thereby producing a reversible loss of consciousness and sensation. (NCI05)
definition: A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon and general inhalation anesthetic. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, halothane provides relatively rapid induction of anesthesia by depressing the central nervous system, thereby producing a reversible loss of consciousness and sensation. (NCI05)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018552
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign and excessive tumor-like growth of mature cells and normal tissues which grow in a disorganized pattern.
definition: A benign and excessive tumor-like growth of mature cells and normal tissues which grow in a disorganized pattern.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018553
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: OMIM
  definition: Cowden syndrome-1 is a hamartomatous disorder characterized by macrocephaly, facial trichilemmomas, acral keratoses, papillomatous papules, and an increased risk for the development of breast, thyroid, and endometrial carcinoma. Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), previously thought be distinct, shared clinical characteristics with Cowden syndrome, such as hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract, mucocutaneous lesions, and increased risk of developing neoplasms, but had the additional features of developmental delay, macrocephaly, lipomas, hemangiomas, and pigmented speckled macules of the glans penis in males. Because features of BRRS and Cowden syndrome have been found in individuals within the same family with the same PTEN mutation, Cowden syndrome-1 and BRRS are considered to be the same disorder with variable expression and age-related penetrance (summary by Marsh et al., 1999, Lachlan et al., 2007, and Blumenthal and Dennis, 2008). Approximately 80% of patients reported with Cowden syndrome and 60% with BRSS have PTEN mutations (Blumenthal and Dennis, 2008). Some patients with Cowden syndrome may have immune system defects resulting in increased susceptibility to infections (summary by Browning et al., 2015).
definition: Cowden syndrome-1 is a hamartomatous disorder characterized by macrocephaly, facial trichilemmomas, acral keratoses, papillomatous papules, and an increased risk for the development of breast, thyroid, and endometrial carcinoma. Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), previously thought be distinct, shared clinical characteristics with Cowden syndrome, such as hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract, mucocutaneous lesions, and increased risk of developing neoplasms, but had the additional features of developmental delay, macrocephaly, lipomas, hemangiomas, and pigmented speckled macules of the glans penis in males. Because features of BRRS and Cowden syndrome have been found in individuals within the same family with the same PTEN mutation, Cowden syndrome-1 and BRRS are considered to be the same disorder with variable expression and age-related penetrance (summary by Marsh et al., 1999, Lachlan et al., 2007, and Blumenthal and Dennis, 2008). Approximately 80% of patients reported with Cowden syndrome and 60% with BRSS have PTEN mutations (Blumenthal and Dennis, 2008). Some patients with Cowden syndrome may have immune system defects resulting in increased susceptibility to infections (summary by Browning et al., 2015).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018564
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand.
definition: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018566
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand occurring at or before birth.
definition: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand occurring at or before birth.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018567
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Skin diseases involving the HANDS.
definition: Skin diseases involving the HANDS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018572
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A clinical syndrome that is usually caused by enterovirus infection, and that is characterized by fever, anorexia, and painful sores in the mouth, distal extremities, and/or other sites, including the buttocks.
definition: A clinical syndrome that is usually caused by enterovirus infection, and that is characterized by fever, anorexia, and painful sores in the mouth, distal extremities, and/or other sites, including the buttocks.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018598
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A melanin-forming tumor that arose spontaneously in a non-inbred mouse, and that is transplantable to mice of many strains but does not ordinarily metastasize. (dictionarybarn.com)
definition: A melanin-forming tumor that arose spontaneously in a non-inbred mouse, and that is transplantable to mice of many strains but does not ordinarily metastasize. (dictionarybarn.com)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018602
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.
definition: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018605
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllaceae. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic Parkinson disease in the 1920's.
definition: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllaceae. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic Parkinson disease in the 1920's.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018606
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Tetracyclic spiro-BENZAZEPINES isolated from the seeds of CEPHALOTAXUS. They are esters of the alkaloid cephalotaxine and may be effective as antineoplastic agents.
definition: Tetracyclic spiro-BENZAZEPINES isolated from the seeds of CEPHALOTAXUS. They are esters of the alkaloid cephalotaxine and may be effective as antineoplastic agents.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018609
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: GeneticsHomeReference
  definition: Hartnup disease is a condition caused by the body's inability to absorb certain protein building blocks (amino acids) from the diet. As a result, affected individuals are not able to use these amino acids to produce other substances, such as vitamins and proteins. Most people with Hartnup disease are able to get the vitamins and other substances they need with a well-balanced diet.People with Hartnup disease have high levels of various amino acids in their urine (aminoaciduria). For most affected individuals, this is the only sign of the condition. However, some people with Hartnup disease have episodes during which they exhibit other signs, which can include skin rashes; difficulty coordinating movements (cerebellar ataxia); and psychiatric symptoms, such as depression or psychosis. These episodes are typically temporary and are often triggered by illness, stress, nutrient-poor diet, or fever. These features tend to go away once the trigger is remedied, although the aminoaciduria remains. In affected individuals, signs and symptoms most commonly occur in childhood.
definition: Hartnup disease is a condition caused by the body's inability to absorb certain protein building blocks (amino acids) from the diet. As a result, affected individuals are not able to use these amino acids to produce other substances, such as vitamins and proteins. Most people with Hartnup disease are able to get the vitamins and other substances they need with a well-balanced diet.People with Hartnup disease have high levels of various amino acids in their urine (aminoaciduria). For most affected individuals, this is the only sign of the condition. However, some people with Hartnup disease have episodes during which they exhibit other signs, which can include skin rashes; difficulty coordinating movements (cerebellar ataxia); and psychiatric symptoms, such as depression or psychosis. These episodes are typically temporary and are often triggered by illness, stress, nutrient-poor diet, or fever. These features tend to go away once the trigger is remedied, although the aminoaciduria remains. In affected individuals, signs and symptoms most commonly occur in childhood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018621
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Allergic rhinitis caused by outdoor allergens.
definition: Allergic rhinitis caused by outdoor allergens.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018671
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma and nasal cavity papilloma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and salivary gland carcinoma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma and nasal cavity papilloma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and salivary gland carcinoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018672
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Habitual striking of one's own head against a surface such as a mattress or wall of a crib.
definition: Habitual striking of one's own head against a surface such as a mattress or wall of a crib.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018681
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.
definition: Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018748
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The ability of individuals or a population to utilize and obtain care from the health care system.
definition: The ability of individuals or a population to utilize and obtain care from the health care system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018772
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
definition: A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018775
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Partial hearing loss in both ears.
definition: Partial hearing loss in both ears.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018776
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Hearing loss due to disease of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS (in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) which originate in the COCHLEAR NUCLEI of the PONS and then ascend bilaterally to the MIDBRAIN, the THALAMUS, and then the AUDITORY CORTEX in the TEMPORAL LOBE. Bilateral lesions of the auditory pathways are usually required to cause central hearing loss. Cortical deafness refers to loss of hearing due to bilateral auditory cortex lesions. Unilateral BRAIN STEM lesions involving the cochlear nuclei may result in unilateral hearing loss.
definition: Hearing loss due to disease of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS (in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) which originate in the COCHLEAR NUCLEI of the PONS and then ascend bilaterally to the MIDBRAIN, the THALAMUS, and then the AUDITORY CORTEX in the TEMPORAL LOBE. Bilateral lesions of the auditory pathways are usually required to cause central hearing loss. Cortical deafness refers to loss of hearing due to bilateral auditory cortex lesions. Unilateral BRAIN STEM lesions involving the cochlear nuclei may result in unilateral hearing loss.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018777
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abnormality of vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear leading to impairment of sensory perception of sound.
definition: An abnormality of vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear leading to impairment of sensory perception of sound.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018779
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Hearing loss in the absence of auditory system pathology.
definition: Hearing loss in the absence of auditory system pathology.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018780
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A condition in which a person loses the ability to hear high frequency sounds. It is typically associated with impairment of the inner ear.
definition: A condition in which a person loses the ability to hear high frequency sounds. It is typically associated with impairment of the inner ear.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018784
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.
definition: A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018789
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A localized bulging or dilatation in the muscle wall of a heart (MYOCARDIUM), usually in the LEFT VENTRICLE. Blood-filled aneurysms are dangerous because they may burst. Fibrous aneurysms interfere with the heart function through the loss of contractility. True aneurysm is bound by the vessel wall or cardiac wall. False aneurysms are HEMATOMA caused by myocardial rupture.
definition: A localized bulging or dilatation in the muscle wall of a heart (MYOCARDIUM), usually in the LEFT VENTRICLE. Blood-filled aneurysms are dangerous because they may burst. Fibrous aneurysms interfere with the heart function through the loss of contractility. True aneurysm is bound by the vessel wall or cardiac wall. False aneurysms are HEMATOMA caused by myocardial rupture.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018790
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: An abrupt loss of heart function.
definition: An abrupt loss of heart function.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018794
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse occurring anywhere along the conduction pathway.
definition: Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse occurring anywhere along the conduction pathway.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018798
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An anatomical defect of a gross structure of the heart.
definition: An anatomical defect of a gross structure of the heart.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018799
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the heart and/or the pericardium. Representative examples include endocarditis, pericarditis, atrial myxoma, cardiac myeloid sarcoma, and pericardial malignant mesothelioma.
definition: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the heart and/or the pericardium. Representative examples include endocarditis, pericarditis, atrial myxoma, cardiac myeloid sarcoma, and pericardial malignant mesothelioma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018800
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Abnormal enlargement of the heart.
definition: Abnormal enlargement of the heart.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018801
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
definition: A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018802
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Failure of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to meet the needs of the body tissues, resulting in tissue congestion and edema. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, pitting edema, enlarged tender liver, engorged neck veins, and pulmonary rales.
definition: Failure of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to meet the needs of the body tissues, resulting in tissue congestion and edema. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, pitting edema, enlarged tender liver, engorged neck veins, and pulmonary rales.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018808
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A periodic humming or blowing sound heard on auscultation of the heart that can indicate the presence of cardiac disease; murmurs are the result of vibrations caused by the turbulent flow of blood in the heart or great vessels. Murmurs are characterized according to the area of generation (mitral, aortic, tricuspid, or pulmonary) and according to the period of the cycle (systolic or diastolic).
definition: A periodic humming or blowing sound heard on auscultation of the heart that can indicate the presence of cardiac disease; murmurs are the result of vibrations caused by the turbulent flow of blood in the heart or great vessels. Murmurs are characterized according to the area of generation (mitral, aortic, tricuspid, or pulmonary) and according to the period of the cycle (systolic or diastolic).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018809
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the heart and/or the pericardium. Representative examples include atrial myxoma, cardiac myeloid sarcoma, and pericardial malignant mesothelioma.
definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the heart and/or the pericardium. Representative examples include atrial myxoma, cardiac myeloid sarcoma, and pericardial malignant mesothelioma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018811
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The heart rate of the FETUS. The normal range at term is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.
definition: The heart rate of the FETUS. The normal range at term is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018813
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Disease-related laceration or tearing of tissues of the heart, including the free-wall MYOCARDIUM; HEART SEPTUM; PAPILLARY MUSCLES; CHORDAE TENDINEAE; and any of the HEART VALVES. Pathological rupture usually results from myocardial infarction (HEART RUPTURE, POST-INFARCTION).
definition: Disease-related laceration or tearing of tissues of the heart, including the free-wall MYOCARDIUM; HEART SEPTUM; PAPILLARY MUSCLES; CHORDAE TENDINEAE; and any of the HEART VALVES. Pathological rupture usually results from myocardial infarction (HEART RUPTURE, POST-INFARCTION).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018814
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Tearing of the heart muscle as a sequela of acute myocardial infarction.
definition: Tearing of the heart muscle as a sequela of acute myocardial infarction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018816
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital disorder characterized by the presence of an abnormal communication between the atria or the ventricles of the heart due to defects in the cardiac septum.
definition: A congenital disorder characterized by the presence of an abnormal communication between the atria or the ventricles of the heart due to defects in the cardiac septum.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018817
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.
definition: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018818
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.
definition: A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018824
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Any heart disorder characterized by a defect in valve structure or function.
definition: Any heart disorder characterized by a defect in valve structure or function.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018834
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Abdominal discomfort with retrosternal pain usually associated with gastroesophageal reflux..
definition: Abdominal discomfort with retrosternal pain usually associated with gastroesophageal reflux..

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018835
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A tick-borne septicemic disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM.
definition: A tick-borne septicemic disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018852
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A group of rare disorders of immunoglobulin synthesis associated with B-cell proliferative disorders.
definition: A group of rare disorders of immunoglobulin synthesis associated with B-cell proliferative disorders.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018854
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A clonal disorder characterized by the secretion of a truncated gamma chain. In most cases, it is associated with morphologic changes also seen in lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas, but the clinical course is typically more aggressive than in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.
definition: A clonal disorder characterized by the secretion of a truncated gamma chain. In most cases, it is associated with morphologic changes also seen in lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas, but the clinical course is typically more aggressive than in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018862
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Bony swelling of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) associated with the formation of osteophytes (calcific spurs) of the articular (joint) cartilage thzat are visible radiographically.
definition: Bony swelling of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) associated with the formation of osteophytes (calcific spurs) of the articular (joint) cartilage thzat are visible radiographically.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018880
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A gaseous element with atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.00.
definition: A gaseous element with atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.00.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018889
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A parasitic infection characterized by the infestation with worms, mainly in the intestine.
definition: A parasitic infection characterized by the infestation with worms, mainly in the intestine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018891
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.
definition: Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018903
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The aggregation of ERYTHROCYTES by AGGLUTININS, including antibodies, lectins, and viral proteins (HEMAGGLUTINATION, VIRAL).
definition: The aggregation of ERYTHROCYTES by AGGLUTININS, including antibodies, lectins, and viral proteins (HEMAGGLUTINATION, VIRAL).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018915
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A vascular proliferation characterized by the presence of prominent endothelial cells and the formation of vascular channels. Hemangioendotheliomas may display borderline or low grade characteristics.
definition: A vascular proliferation characterized by the presence of prominent endothelial cells and the formation of vascular channels. Hemangioendotheliomas may display borderline or low grade characteristics.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018916
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A benign vascular lesion characterized by the formation of capillary-sized or cavernous vascular channels.
definition: A benign vascular lesion characterized by the formation of capillary-sized or cavernous vascular channels.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018920
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A hemangioma characterized by the presence of cavernous vascular spaces.
definition: A hemangioma characterized by the presence of cavernous vascular spaces.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018922
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: An antiquated term that refers to benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasms characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle-shaped to round cells arranged around thin-walled branching vascular spaces.
definition: An antiquated term that refers to benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasms characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle-shaped to round cells arranged around thin-walled branching vascular spaces.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018923
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A malignant tumor arising from the endothelial cells of the blood vessels. Microscopically, it is characterized by frequently open vascular anastomosing and branching channels. The malignant cells that line the vascular channels are spindle or epithelioid and often display hyperchromatic nuclei. Angiosarcomas most frequently occur in the skin and breast. Patients with long-standing lymphedema are at increased risk of developing angiosarcoma.
definition: A malignant tumor arising from the endothelial cells of the blood vessels. Microscopically, it is characterized by frequently open vascular anastomosing and branching channels. The malignant cells that line the vascular channels are spindle or epithelioid and often display hyperchromatic nuclei. Angiosarcomas most frequently occur in the skin and breast. Patients with long-standing lymphedema are at increased risk of developing angiosarcoma.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018924
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.
definition: Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018926
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: The vomiting of blood.
definition: The vomiting of blood.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018928
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Agents which improve the quality of the blood, increasing the hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes. They are used in the treatment of anemias.
definition: Agents which improve the quality of the blood, increasing the hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes. They are used in the treatment of anemias.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018931
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Hemorrhage into a canal or cavity of the body, such as the space covered by the serous membrane (tunica vaginalis) around the TESTIS leading to testicular hematocele or scrotal hematocele.
definition: Hemorrhage into a canal or cavity of the body, such as the space covered by the serous membrane (tunica vaginalis) around the TESTIS leading to testicular hematocele or scrotal hematocele.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018932
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.
definition: The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018934
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A blood-filled VAGINA that is obstructed.
definition: A blood-filled VAGINA that is obstructed.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018938
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Drugs that act on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system.
definition: Drugs that act on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018939
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorder that affects the production and proliferation of the hematopoietic cells including lymphoid cells, the synthesis of hemoglobin, and/or the mechanisms of coagulation.
definition: A neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorder that affects the production and proliferation of the hematopoietic cells including lymphoid cells, the synthesis of hemoglobin, and/or the mechanisms of coagulation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018944
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.
definition: A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018946
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A collection of blood between the dura mater and the brain.
definition: A collection of blood between the dura mater and the brain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018948
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Blood-filled UTERUS.
definition: Blood-filled UTERUS.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018962
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The presence of blood in a fallopian tube.
definition: The presence of blood in a fallopian tube.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018965
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Blood in the urine.
definition: Blood in the urine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018975
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: A visual defect characterized by the inability to see as clearly in bright light as in dim light. The word hemeralopia literally means day blindness.
definition: A visual defect characterized by the inability to see as clearly in bright light as in dim light. The word hemeralopia literally means day blindness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018979
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Lack of sight in half of the normal field of vision.
definition: Lack of sight in half of the normal field of vision.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018981
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Hematologic diseases and diseases of the lymphatic system collectively. Hemic diseases include disorders involving the formed elements (e.g., ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION, INTRAVASCULAR) and chemical components (e.g., BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS); lymphatic diseases include disorders relating to lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphocytes.
definition: Hematologic diseases and diseases of the lymphatic system collectively. Hemic diseases include disorders involving the formed elements (e.g., ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION, INTRAVASCULAR) and chemical components (e.g., BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS); lymphatic diseases include disorders relating to lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphocytes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018983
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.
definition: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018987
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A congenital malformation characterized by the partial or total absence of the distal half of a limb.
definition: A congenital malformation characterized by the partial or total absence of the distal half of a limb.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018988
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Chloro(7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N(21),N(22),N(23),N(24)) ferrate(2-) dihydrogen.
definition: Chloro(7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N(21),N(22),N(23),N(24)) ferrate(2-) dihydrogen.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018989
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refers to a complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to an incomplete loss of strength.
definition: Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refers to a complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to an incomplete loss of strength.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018991
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Paralysis (complete loss of muscle function) in the arm, leg, and in some cases the face on one side of the body.
definition: Paralysis (complete loss of muscle function) in the arm, leg, and in some cases the face on one side of the body.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018994
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: HPO
  definition: Bleeding into the biliary tree.
definition: Bleeding into the biliary tree.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0018995
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)
definition: A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0019006
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: Solutions prepared for hemodialysis. The composition of the pre-dialysis solution may be varied in order to determine the effect of solvated metabolites on anoxia, malnutrition, acid-base balance, etc. Of principal interest are the effect of the choice of buffers (e.g., acetate or carbonate), the addition of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+), and addition of carbohydrates (glucose).
definition: Solutions prepared for hemodialysis. The composition of the pre-dialysis solution may be varied in order to determine the effect of solvated metabolites on anoxia, malnutrition, acid-base balance, etc. Of principal interest are the effect of the choice of buffers (e.g., acetate or carbonate), the addition of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+), and addition of carbohydrates (glucose).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0019021
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A disease characterized by compensated hemolysis with a normal hemoglobin level or a mild to moderate anemia. There may be intermittent abdominal discomfort, splenomegaly, and slight jaundice.
definition: A disease characterized by compensated hemolysis with a normal hemoglobin level or a mild to moderate anemia. There may be intermittent abdominal discomfort, splenomegaly, and slight jaundice.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0019025
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: The persistence of substantial fetal hemoglobin production into adulthood, usually associated with hemoglobinopathies due to mutations in the alpha and/or beta chain of hemoglobin.
definition: The persistence of substantial fetal hemoglobin production into adulthood, usually associated with hemoglobinopathies due to mutations in the alpha and/or beta chain of hemoglobin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0019034
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A hemoglobinopathy that is considered a hybrid of sickle cell disease and hemoglobin C disease. Patients present with the symptoms of sickle cell disease but the latter are less frequent and severe compared to sickle cell disease.
definition: A hemoglobinopathy that is considered a hybrid of sickle cell disease and hemoglobin C disease. Patients present with the symptoms of sickle cell disease but the latter are less frequent and severe compared to sickle cell disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0019037
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: SNOMEDCT US
  definition: Detection of hemoglobin in a location it should not normally be present
definition: Detection of hemoglobin in a location it should not normally be present

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0019045
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: MSH
  definition: A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.
definition: A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0019048
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: A laboratory test result which indicates free hemoglobin in the urine.
definition: A laboratory test result which indicates free hemoglobin in the urine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/C0019049
mgdef:
  supress: http://med2rdf/ontology/medgen#N
  source: NCI
  definition: Hemoglobin in the urine that is due to hemolysis from an external cause.
definition: Hemoglobin in the urine that is due to hemolysis from an external cause.