MODEL8685104549
type: SBMLModel
parameter: 645424
rule: 645089
parameter: 645556
rule: 644994
rule: 645095
parameter: 645398
parameter: 645328
units def: 109450
notes: This a model from the article: A mathematical model of the electrophysiological alterations in rat ventricular myocytes in type-I diabetes. Pandit SV, Giles WR, Demir SS. Biophys J. 2003;84(2 Pt 1):832-41. 12547767 , Abstract: Our mathematical model of the rat ventricular myocyte (Pandit et al., 2001) was utilized to explore the ionic mechanism(s) that underlie the altered electrophysiological characteristics associated with the short-term model of streptozotocin-induced, type-I diabetes. The simulations show that the observed reductions in the Ca(2+)-independent transient outward K(+) current (I(t)) and the steady-state outward K(+) current (I(ss)), along with slowed inactivation of the L-type Ca(2+) current (I(CaL)), can result in the prolongation of the action potential duration, a well-known experimental finding. In addition, the model demonstrates that the slowed reactivation kinetics of I(t) in diabetic myocytes can account for the more pronounced rate-dependent action potential duration prolongation in diabetes, and that a decrease in the electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump current (I(NaK)) results in a small depolarization in the resting membrane potential (V(rest)). This depolarization reduces the availability of the Na(+) channels (I(Na)), thereby resulting in a slower upstroke (dV/dt(max)) of the diabetic action potential. Additional simulations suggest that a reduction in the magnitude of I(CaL), in combination with impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum uptake can lead to a decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load. These factors contribute to characteristic abnormal [Ca(2+)](i) homeostasis (reduced peak systolic value and rate of decay) in myocytes from diabetic animals. In combination, these simulation results provide novel information and integrative insights concerning plausible ionic mechanisms for the observed changes in cardiac repolarization and excitation-contraction coupling in rat ventricular myocytes in the setting of streptozotocin-induced, type-I dia…
rule: 645175
parameter: 645246
parameter: 645480
parameter: 645332
parameter: 645202
parameter: 645542
parameter: 645248
parameter: 645334
rule: 644960
parameter: 645412
parameter: 645544
parameter: 645204
rule: 645179
rule: 645047
parameter: 645372
rule: 645187
rule: 645000
rule: 644954
parameter: 645234
parameter: 645518
parameter: 645320
rule: 644966
parameter: 645260
units def: 109182
parameter: 645520
parameter: 645236
parameter: 645322
parameter: 645566
rule: 644972
rule: 644984
rule: 645091
parameter: 645436
parameter: 645568
parameter: 645240
rule: 644974
is described by: http://identifiers.org/pubmed/12547767
rule: 644986
parameter: 645404
parameter: 645536
parameter: 645282
parameter: 645406
parameter: 645506
parameter: 645360
rule: 644978
parameter: 645308
parameter: 645258
parameter: 645492
parameter: 645344
parameter: 645198
rule: 645079
parameter: 645284
units def: 109218
parameter: 645508
parameter: 645214
parameter: 645448
parameter: 645346
parameter: 645216
parameter: 645512
rule: 644998
parameter: 645428
parameter: 645524
rule: 645141
parameter: 645560
parameter: 645270
parameter: 645430
curated: false
parameter: 645384
parameter: 645272
rule: 644980
parameter: 645352

645424
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_NaK_max

109158
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109170
name: nanoA

109170
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE

645556
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 15.0
name: CSQN_tot

109182
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109206
unit: 109194
name: millimolar

109206
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

109194
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

645398
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

109036
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109049
name: millivolt

109049
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

645328
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

109450
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109486
unit: 109474
unit: 109462
name: nanoA_millimolar_4

109486
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 4.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

109474
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -4.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

109462
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE

645246
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.6729362
name: j

645480
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: fb

645332
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_s

645202
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109547
value: 96487.0
name: F

109547
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109572
unit: 109560
name: coulomb_per_mole

109572
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

109560
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: COULOMB

645542
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109584
value: 5.6E-7
name: V_JSR

109584
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109596
name: micro_litre

109596
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

645248
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: j_infinity

645334
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: s_infinity

645412
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 8.015E-5
name: g_B_Na_normal

109109
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109121
name: microS

109121
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: SIEMENS

645544
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109584
value: 5.04E-6
name: V_NSR

645204
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109134
value: 1.0E-4
name: Cm

109134
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109146
name: microF

109146
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD

645372
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

645234
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645518
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 0.07
name: LTRPN_tot

645320
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.002191519
name: r

645260
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 0.0341
name: g_Ca_L_normal

645520
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109266
value: 200000.0
name: k_htrpn_plus

109266
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109303
unit: 109291
unit: 109278
name: per_millimolar_per_second

109303
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

109291
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

109278
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

645236
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.6735613
name: h

645322
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_r

645566
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 140.0
name: Na_o

645436
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109158
value: 0.004
name: i_Ca_P_max

645568
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 1.2
name: Ca_o

645240
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_h

645404
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_B_Na

645536
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 0.06607948
name: Ca_JSR

645282
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

645406
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_B_Ca

645506
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.0267
name: tau_xfer

645360
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: r_ss_infinity

645308
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_t

645258
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109109
value: NaN
name: g_Ca_L

645492
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: K_SR_normal

645344
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: s_slow_infinity

645198
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109499
value: 8314.5
name: R

109499
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109535
unit: 109523
unit: 109511
name: millijoule_per_mole_kelvin

109535
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

109523
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: KELVIN

109511
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: JOULE

645284
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

109218
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109254
unit: 109242
unit: 109230
name: millimolar_per_second

109254
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

109242
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

109230
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

645508
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 0.1394301
name: HTRPNCa

645214
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 1.0
name: stim_period

645448
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 1800.0
name: v1

109012
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109024
name: per_second

109024
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

645346
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

645216
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.005
name: stim_duration

645512
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_HTRPNCa

645428
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 1.5
name: K_m_K

645524
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109266
value: 40000.0
name: k_ltrpn_plus

645560
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: beta_i

645270
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

645430
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 10.0
name: K_m_Na

645384
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_f_K

645272
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645352
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109109
value: NaN
name: g_ss

645484
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: Vmaxf

645570
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 5.4
name: K_o

645500
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_xfer

645354
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 0.0077
name: g_ss_normal

645440
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109450
value: 9.984E-6
name: K_NaCa

645252
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

645486
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109218
value: 0.04
name: Vmaxf_normal

645416
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 3.24E-5
name: g_B_Ca_normal

645548
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 0.00238
name: K_mCMDN

645208
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: Diabetes

645442
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109413
value: 1.0E-4
name: d_NaCa

109413
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109437
unit: 109425
name: millimolar_4

109437
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 4.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

109425
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -4.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

645396
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: y_infinity

645294
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645418
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 1.38E-4
name: g_B_K

645296
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.9913102
name: Ca_inact

645376
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_K1

645264
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 2.171081E-6
name: d

645378
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 0.024
name: g_K1

645464
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 6.06254E-10
name: P_O2

645466
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.6348229
name: P_C1

645364
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645496
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: N_rb

645390
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_K

645288
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_12_infinity

645366
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.3142767
name: s_ss

645452
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 576.0
name: k_a_minus

645498
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_tr

645454
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 4.05E9
name: k_b_plus

645300
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: Ca_inact_infinity

645534
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 8.737212E-5
name: Ca_ss

645302
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

109085
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109097
name: per_millivolt2

109097
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

645388
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.2
name: f_Na

645276
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_11_infinity

645476
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 1.68E-4
name: K_fb

645510
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 0.0051619
name: LTRPNCa

645226
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.004164108
name: m

645312
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109109
value: NaN
name: g_t

645478
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 3.29
name: K_rb

645228
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: m_infinity

645558
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 10.0
name: EGTA_tot

645314
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 0.04375
name: g_t_normal

645250
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_j

645336
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

109315
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109352
unit: 109339
unit: 109327
name: millimolar3_per_second

109352
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

109339
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 3.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

109327
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -3.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

645206
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_Stim

645546
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109584
value: 1.2E-8
name: V_SS

645338
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645470
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 4.0
name: n

645220
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_Na

645550
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 0.8
name: K_mCSQN

645420
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: E_Ca

645552
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 1.5E-4
name: K_mEGTA

645262
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: 65.0
name: E_Ca_L

645422
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_NaK

645522
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 0.066
name: k_htrpn_minus

645238
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: h_infinity

645324
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: r_infinity

645326
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

645242
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

645538
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 0.06600742
name: Ca_NSR

645244
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645330
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.9842542
name: s

645408
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_B_K

645540
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109584
value: 9.36E-6
name: V_myo

645200
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: kelvin
value: 295.0
name: T

645286
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.9999529
name: f_12

645410
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109109
value: NaN
name: g_B_Na

645348
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645218
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109158
value: -0.6
name: stim_amplitude

645230
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_m

645514
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_LTRPNCa

109364
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109401
unit: 109389
unit: 109377
name: millimolar4_per_second

109401
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

109389
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 4.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

109377
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -4.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

645516
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 0.14
name: HTRPN_tot

645526
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 40.0
name: k_ltrpn_minus

645232
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

645370
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: s_ss_infinity

645562
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: beta_SS

645318
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: b

645432
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: sigma

645528
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 10.73519
name: Na_i

645564
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: beta_JSR

645274
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.9999529
name: f_11

645434
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_P

645402
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_B

645502
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_trpn

645356
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.002907171
name: r_ss

645254
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645488
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109218
value: 0.9
name: Vmaxr

645340
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.6421196
name: s_slow

645280
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: Diabetes

645444
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.5
name: gamma_NaCa

645504
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 5.747E-4
name: tau_tr

645358
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_r_ss

645210
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.1
name: stim_start

645306
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: NaN
name: Ca_ss

645256
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_L

645490
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: K_SR

645342
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_s_slow

645196
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109036
value: -80.50146
name: V

645212
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 10.0
name: stim_end

645446
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_rel

645298
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.009
name: tau_Ca_inact

645266
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: d_infinity

645426
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109158
value: 0.08
name: i_NaK_max_normal

644949
type: Compartment
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0

645380
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_f

645268
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_d

645382
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_f_Na

645468
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.3647471
name: P_C2

645350
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_ss

645482
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: rb

645392
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.003578708
name: y

645290
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_f_12

645414
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109109
value: NaN
name: g_B_Ca

645368
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_s_ss

645394
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_y

645292
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

645456
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 1930.0
name: k_b_minus

645458
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 100.0
name: k_c_plus

645374
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645460
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 0.8
name: k_c_minus

645304
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645462
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 4.327548E-4
name: P_O1

645278
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_f_11

645316
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: a

645362
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V

645494
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.2
name: N_fb

645450
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 1.215E13
name: k_a_plus

645530
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 7.901351E-5
name: Ca_i

109061
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 109073
name: per_millivolt

109073
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

645400
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

645532
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 139.2751
name: K_i

645386
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 0.00145
name: g_f

645472
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 3.0
name: m

645222
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: E_Na

645438
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_NaCa

645474
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_up

645554
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 0.05
name: CMDN_tot

645224
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 1.064
name: g_Na

645310
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: E_K