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reaction: 751769
reaction: 751263
reaction: 755717
species: 746567
species: 745246
species: 747763
species: 744210
reaction: 754561
reaction: 752973
reaction: 751925
reaction: 750533
reaction: 752853
reaction: 752283
species: 744238
reaction: 751805
species: 746723
reaction: 753659
species: 744544
reaction: 751991
species: 749083
reaction: 750773
species: 746775
species: 745484
reaction: 750723
species: 748823
reaction: 752325
species: 747099
species: 748875
species: 747851
species: 748183
reaction: 752353
reaction: 751305
reaction: 755167
species: 749033
species: 746725
species: 747255
species: 749085
reaction: 756026
reaction: 750296
reaction: 750246
reaction: 750875
species: 747829
species: 746399
species: 745900
reaction: 753855
reaction: 752113
species: 747681
reaction: 752633
reaction: 752189
reaction: 752661
reaction: 751613
reaction: 750503
species: 746435
species: 745114
reaction: 754911
species: 749407
species: 747631
species: 746795
species: 746881
species: 746487
reaction: 750411
species: 749866
reaction: 752265
species: 744106
species: 749459
species: 744442
species: 748533
species: 746643
reaction: 751219
species: 747537
species: 749337
reaction: 754399
reaction: 755463
species: 749615
reaction: 755878
reaction: 753493
species: 749409
species: 747609
species: 746883

751769
type: Reaction
product: 562126
reactant: 562114
notes: Abbreviation: R_XOLTRIOLtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: xoltriol[c] <==> xoltriol[r] Confidence Level: 2 cholesterol precursor, transport by "diffusion" -> actually beleived to be flip-flop mechanism (PMID: 12840657). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Fast flip-flop of cholesterol and fatty acids in membranes: implications for membrane transport proteins.#JOURNAL:Curr Opin Lipidol. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12840657# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: lipid, flip-flop intracellular transport

562126
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749077

749077
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane_C27H48O3

743850
type: Compartment
constant: true
size: NaN
spatial dimensions: 3.0

562114
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749073

749073
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane_C27H48O3

743847
type: Compartment
constant: true
size: NaN
spatial dimensions: 3.0

751263
type: Reaction
product: 549811
reactant: 549799
notes: Abbreviation: R_G6Pter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: g6p[c] <==> g6p[r] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2542#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC37A4# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 37 (glycerol-6-phosphate transporter), member 4#ABBREVIATION:Slc37a4.1# citations: AUTHORS:Salway, JG#TITLE:Metabolism at a Glance, 2nd ed#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:van Schaftingen E, Gerin I#TITLE:The glucose-6-phopsphatase system#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11879177# AUTHORS:Gerin I, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Achouri Y, Collet JF, Van Schaftingen E#TITLE:Sequence of a putative glucose 6-phosphate translocase, mutated in glycogen storage disease type Ib#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9428641# AUTHORS:Ihara K, Nomura A, Hikino S, Takada H, Hara T#TITLE:Quantitative analysis of glucose-6-phosphate translocase gene expression in various human tissues and haematopoietic progenitor cells#JOURNAL:J Inherit Metab Dis#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11032333# AUTHORS:Lin B, Pan CJ, Chou JY#TITLE:Human variant glucose-6-phosphate transporter is active in microsomal transport#JOURNAL:Hum Genet#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11140953# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2542.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glucose 6-phosphate endoplasmic reticular transport via diffusion

549811
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746331

746331
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: D-Glucose 6-phosphate_C6H11O9P

549799
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746330

746330
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Glucose 6-phosphate_C6H11O9P

755717
type: Reaction
product: 656191
reactant: 656179
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_nrvnc_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : nrvnc <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nervonic acid exchange

656191
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749712

749712
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: nervonic acid_C24H45O2

743852
type: Compartment
constant: true
size: NaN
spatial dimensions: 3.0

656179
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747779

747779
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: nervonic acid_C24H45O2

746567
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Reduced glutathione_C10H16N3O6S

743858
type: Compartment
constant: true
size: NaN
spatial dimensions: 3.0

745246
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (E)-carveol_C10H16O

747763
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Normetanephrine_C9H14NO3

744210
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-Sulfino-L-alanine_C3H5NO4S

754561
type: Reaction
product: 628975
reactant: 628963
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_10fthf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 10fthf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _10-Formyltetrahydrofolate exchange

628975
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749123

749123
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _10-Formyltetrahydrofolate_C20H21N7O7

628963
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743890

743890
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _10-Formyltetrahydrofolate_C20H21N7O7

752973
type: Reaction
product: 590853
reactant: 590841
notes: Abbreviation: R_NIFEDIPINEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: nifedipine[e] <==> nifedipine[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, related cyp P450 metabolism reactions NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport

590853
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747741

747741
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: nifedipine_C17H18N2O6

590841
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747743

747743
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: nifedipine_C17H18N2O6

751925
type: Reaction
product: 565859
product: 565847
reactant: 565835
reactant: 565823
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASPTAm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.6.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism Equation: [m] : akg + asp-L <==> glu-L + oaa Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2806#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GOT2#ECNUMBERS:2.6.1.1# proteins: NAME:aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Got2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Ford GC, Eichele G, Jansonius JN.#TITLE:Three-dimensional structure of a pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent enzyme, mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1980#PUBMED:6930651# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2806.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: aspartate transaminase

565859
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747819

747819
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Oxaloacetate_C4H2O5

565847
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438

746438
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Glutamate_C5H8NO4

565835
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745112

745112
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Aspartate_C4H6NO4

565823
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916

744916
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _2-Oxoglutarate_C5H4O5

750533
type: Reaction
product: 532820
product: 532808
reactant: 532796
reactant: 532784
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACt2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: acac[c] + h[c] <==> acac[m] + h[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT, TDV changed name from "tm2" to "t2m" - NCD genes: LOCUS:_6566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc16a1.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Pande SV, Parvin R.#TITLE:Pyruvate and acetoacetate transport in mitochondria. A reappraisal.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1975#PUBMED:627555# AUTHORS:Halestrap AP.#TITLE:Pyruvate and ketone-body transport across the mitochondrial membrane. Exchange properties, pH-dependence and mechanism of the carrier.#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1978#PUBMED:28726# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6566.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Acetoacetate mitochondrial transport via H+ symport

532820
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

746631
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: H+_H

532808
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744634

744634
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Acetoacetate_C4H5O3

532796
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

746625
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: H+_H

532784
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744630

744630
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Acetoacetate_C4H5O3

752853
type: Reaction
product: 587981
product: 587969
reactant: 587957
reactant: 587944
notes: Abbreviation: R_HPCLx Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [x] : (4) h + phyt2ohcoa --> formcoa + pristanal Confidence Level: 4 pristanal is the fatty aldehyde analog of pristanic acid Catalyzes a carbon-carbon cleavage reaction; cleaves a 2-hydroxy-3-methylacyl-CoA into formyl-CoA and a 2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde. NJ genes: LOCUS:_26062#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HYALP1# proteins: NAME:_2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase#ABBREVIATION:Hpcl2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Foulon V, Antonenkov VD, Croes K, Waelkens E, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP, Casteels M.#TITLE:Purification, molecular cloning, and expression of 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase, a peroxisomal thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the carbon-carbon bond cleavage during alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-branched fatty acids.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10468558# GENE ASSOCIATION: (26062.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase

587981
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748191

748191
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: pristanal_C19H38O

743862
type: Compartment
constant: true
size: NaN
spatial dimensions: 3.0

587969
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746245

746245
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Formyl-CoA_C22H36N7O17P3S

587957
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748079

748079
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _2-Hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA_C41H70N7O18P3S

587944
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746637

746637
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: H+_H

752283
type: Reaction
product: 574203
product: 574190
reactant: 574178
reactant: 574166
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt41m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dcdp[m] + dutp[c] --> dcdp[c] + dutp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dUTP transport via dCDP antiport

574203
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746084

746084
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dUTP_C9H11N2O14P3

574190
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745716

745716
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dCDP_C9H12N3O10P2

574178
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746082

746082
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dUTP_C9H11N2O14P3

574166
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745718

745718
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dCDP_C9H12N3O10P2

744238
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Aminobutanoate_C4H9NO2

751805
type: Reaction
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 562933
name: alpha 1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
notes: Abbreviation: R_A4GNT2g Synonyms: _5 SUBSYSTEM: O-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : core2 + uacgam --> gncore2 + h + udp Confidence Level: 0 EC 2.4.1.- NCD genes: LOCUS:_51146#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:A4GNT# proteins: NAME:alpha-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus (stomach, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:A4gnt.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Nakayama J, Yeh JC, Misra AK, Ito S, Katsuyama T, Fukuda M.#TITLE:Expression cloning of a human alpha1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that forms GlcNAcalpha1-->4Galbeta-->R, a glycan specifically expressed in the gastric gland mucous cell-type mucin#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10430883# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51146.1)
product: 562921
reactant: 562897
reactant: 562909
product: 562945

562933
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

746629
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: H+_H

743854
type: Compartment
constant: true
size: NaN
spatial dimensions: 3.0

562921
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746493

746493
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GlcNAc-alpha-1,4-Core 2_C30H50N3O20X

562897
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745438

745438
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 2_C22H37N2O15X

562909
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

748855
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854

562945
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

748861
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2

746723
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

753659
type: Reaction
product: 606799
reactant: 606787
reactant: 606775
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUM Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Citric Acid Cycle Equation: [c] : fum + h2o <==> mal-L Confidence Level: 0 genes: LOCUS:_2271#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FH#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.2# proteins: NAME:fumarate hydratase#ABBREVIATION:Fh.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (2271.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fumarase

606799
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747465

747465
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Malate_C4H4O5

606787
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

746607
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: H2O_H2O

606775
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746307

746307
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Fumarate_C4H2O4

744544
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: R total 2 coenzyme A_CO2FULLR2C21H31N7O15P3S

751991
type: Reaction
product: 567368
product: 567356
product: 567344
name: Norepinephrine Sulfotransferase
fast: false
reversible: false
reactant: 567332
notes: Abbreviation: R_NRPPHRSULT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.8.2.1 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : nrpphr + paps --> h + nrpphrsf + pap Confidence Level: 4 RS/TV (6/14/05) genes: LOCUS:_6818#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A3#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6818#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A3#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6818#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A3#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# proteins: NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a3.1# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a3.2# NAME:sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a3.3# citations: AUTHORS:Chapman E, Best MD, Hanson SR, Wong CH.#TITLE:Sulfotransferases: structure, mechanism, biological activity, inhibition, and synthetic utility.#JOURNAL:Angew Chem Int Ed Engl#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15293241# AUTHORS:Glatt H, Boeing H, Engelke CE, Ma L, Kuhlow A, Pabel U, Pomplun D, Teubner W, Meinl W.#TITLE:Human cytosolic sulphotransferases: genetics, characteristics, toxicological aspects.#JOURNAL:Mutat Res#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11535246# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6818.1) or (6818.3) or (6818.2)
reactant: 567320

567368
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747975

747975
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate_C10H11N5O10P2

567356
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747773

747773
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Sulfate derivative of norepinephrine_C8H11NO6S

567344
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

567332
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747979

747979
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate_C10H11N5O13P2S

567320
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747769

747769
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Norepinephrine_C8H12NO3

749083
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: XTP_C10H11N4O15P3

750773
type: Reaction
product: 538459
reversible: false
reactant: 538435
reactant: 538447
product: 538471
notes: Abbreviation: R_DURIK1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : atp + duri --> adp + dump + h Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_7083#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TK1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.21# LOCUS:_7084#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TK2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.21# proteins: NAME:thymidine kinase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Tk1.1# NAME:thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Tk2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Johansson M, Brismar S, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Human deoxycytidine kinase is located in the cell nucleus.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9342341# AUTHORS:Krawiec K, Kierdaszuk B, Shugar D.#TITLE:Inorganic tripolyphosphate (PPP(i)) as a phosphate donor for human deoxyribonucleoside kinases. #JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12535661# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7083.1) or (7084.1)
name: deoxyuridine kinase (ATP:Deoxyuridine)
fast: false
product: 538483

538459
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

744818
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: ADP_C10H12N5O10P2

538435
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

745114
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3

538447
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746074

746074
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Deoxyuridine_C9H12N2O5

538471
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746068

746068
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dUMP_C9H11N2O8P

538483
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

746775
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 17_C43H65N2O48S4

743856
type: Compartment
constant: true
size: NaN
spatial dimensions: 3.0

745484
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3

750723
type: Reaction
product: 537158
reactant: 537146
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALFUC12GAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: galfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> galfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport

537158
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746350

746350
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (Gal)3 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)1 (Cer)1_C56H99N2O31FULLRCO

537146
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746352

746352
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (Gal)3 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)1 (Cer)1_C56H99N2O31FULLRCO

748823
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: tetracosanoyl-CoA (n-C24:0CoA)_C45H78N7O17P3S

752325
type: Reaction
product: 575352
product: 575340
reactant: 575328
reactant: 575316
notes: Abbreviation: R_MM6B1ag Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 3.2.1.113 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : h2o + m6masnB1 --> m5masnB1 + man Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4121#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A1# LOCUS:_10905#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A2# LOCUS:_57134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1C1# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 1, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a1.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 2, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a2.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1, Golgi apparatus (all tested except lung, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:Man1c1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel human Golgi alpha 1, 2-mannosidase (IC) involved in N-glycan biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10915796# AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Campbell Dyke N, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and tissue-specific expression of a novel human alpha1,2-mannosidase gene involved in N-glycan maturation.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9592125# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4121.1) or (57134.1) or (10905.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, Golgi apparatus

575352
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747495

747495
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: D-Mannose_C6H12O6

575340
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747411

747411
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)5-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine (protein)_C52H87N2O40X

575328
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747423

747423
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)6-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine (protein)_C58H97N2O45X

575316
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611

746611
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: H2O_H2O

747099
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 34_C241H385N17O202S10X

748875
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856

747851
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Octadecynoyl-ACP (n-C18:2ACP)_C29H51N2O8PRS

748183
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Progesterone_C21H30O2

752353
type: Reaction
product: 575907
product: 575895
reactant: 575883
reactant: 575871
notes: Abbreviation: R_5HLTDL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.28 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : 5htrp + h --> co2 + srtn Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_1644#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DDC#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.28# proteins: NAME:aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Ddc.1# citations: AUTHORS:Sumi-Ichinose C, Ichinose H, Takahashi E, Hori T, Nagatsu T#TITLE:Molecular cloning of genomic DNA and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme for catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1540578# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1644.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

575907
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748527

748527
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Serotonin_C10H13N2O

575895
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404

745404
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CO2_CO2

575883
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

575871
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744382

744382
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan_C11H12N2O3

751305
type: Reaction
product: 550790
product: 550778
reactant: 550766
reactant: 550754
notes: Abbreviation: R_GUAPRT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.2.8 SUBSYSTEM: Salvage Pathway Equation: [c] : gua + prpp --> gmp + ppi Confidence Level: 4 Guanine and 6-mercaptopurine can replace hypoxanthine EC added (2.4.2.7 makes the same reaction) IT genes: LOCUS:_3251#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HPRT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.2.8# proteins: NAME:hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (Lesch-Nyhan syndrome) #ABBREVIATION:HprT1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Wilson JM, Kobayashi R, Fox IH, Kelley WN.#TITLE: Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1983#PUBMED:6853490# AUTHORS:Kim SH, Moores JC, David D, Respess JG, Jolly DJ, Friedmann T.#TITLE:The organization of the human HPRT gene.#JOURNAL:Nucleic Acids Res#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:3008106# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3251.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

550790
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

748137
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Diphosphate_HO7P2

550778
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746482

746482
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GMP_C10H12N5O8P

550766
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748247

748247
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate_C5H8O14P3

550754
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746579

746579
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Guanine_C5H5N5O

755167
type: Reaction
product: 643491
fast: false
name: retinol dehydrogenase (all-trans,NADPH)
product: 643515
notes: Abbreviation: R_RDH1a Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.105 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : nadp + retinol <==> h + nadph + retinal Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_145226#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH12# LOCUS:_157506#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH10# LOCUS:_50700#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH8# LOCUS:_57665#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH14# LOCUS:_112724#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH13# LOCUS:_51109#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH11#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.-# LOCUS:_195814#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDHE2# proteins: NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 12 (all-trans and 9-cis) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh12.1# NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 14 (all-trans and 9-cis) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh14.1# NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 11 (all-trans and 9-cis) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh11.1# NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 13 (all-trans and 9-cis) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh13.1# NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 8 (all-trans) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh8.1# NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh10.1# NAME:epidermal retinal dehydrogenase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Rdhe2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# AUTHORS:Haeseleer F, Jang GF, Imanishi Y, Driessen CA, Matsumura M, Nelson PS, Palczewski K.#TITLE:Dual-substrate specificity short chain retinol dehydrogenases from the vertebrate retina.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12226107# AUTHORS:Janecke AR, Thompson DA, Utermann G, Becker C, Hubner CA, Schmid E, McHenry CL, Nair AR, Ruschendorf F, Heckenlively J, Wissinger B, Nurnberg P, Gal #TITLE:Mutations in RDH12 encoding a photoreceptor cell retinol dehydrogenase cause childhood-onset severe retinal dystrophy. #JOURNAL:Nat Genet. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15258582# AUTHORS:Perrault I, Hanein S, Gerber S, Barbet F, Ducroq D, Dollfus H, Hamel C, Dufier JL, Munnich A, Kaplan J, Rozet JM. #TITLE:Retinal dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) mutations in leber congenita…
product: 643503
reactant: 643466
reversible: true
reactant: 643479

643491
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

643515
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748343

748343
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Retinal_C20H28O

643503
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

747701
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - reduced_C21H26N7O17P3

643466
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

747689
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate_C21H25N7O17P3

643479
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748355

748355
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Retinol_C20H30O

749033
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _7alpha-Hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one_C27H44O2

746725
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858

747255
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: w-hydroxyl leukotriene B4_C20H31O5

749085
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Xanthosine_C10H12N4O6

756026
type: Reaction
name: alkyl glycerol phosphate reductase
reactant: 663620
reversible: false
product: 663644
notes: Abbreviation: R_AGLPR Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : akdhap_hs + h + nadph --> akgp_hs + nadp Confidence Level: 0 takes place on outer peroxisomal membrane NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Hajra AK#TITLE:Glycerolipid biosynthesis in peroxisomes#JOURNAL:Prog Lipid Res#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Brites P, Waterham HR, Wander RJA#TITLE:Functions and biosynthesis of plasmalogens in health and disease#JOURNAL:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 663632
reactant: 663608
reactant: 663596
fast: false

663620
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

663644
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

663632
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744922

744922
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkylglycerol 3-phosphate (homo sapiens)_C4H10O4PFULLRCO2

663608
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

663596
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744908

744908
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate_C3H4O6PFULLRC2H4

750296
type: Reaction
product: 526882
reactant: 526870
notes: Abbreviation: R_OCDCAtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ocdca[e] <==> ocdca[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion

526882
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747843

747843
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: octadecanoate (n-C18:0)_C18H35O2

526870
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747845

747845
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: octadecanoate (n-C18:0)_C18H35O2

750246
type: Reaction
product: 525777
product: 525765
reactant: 525753
reactant: 525741
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCAASE4ly Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.2.1.31 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cs_a_deg2 + h2o --> cs_a_deg3 + glcur Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2990#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUSB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.31# proteins: NAME:glucuronidase, beta, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gusb.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Guise KS, Korneluk RG, Waye J, Lamhonwah AM, Quan F, Palmer R, Ganschow RE, Sly WS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Isolation and expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA clone encoding human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3924735# AUTHORS:Ho YC, Ho LH, Ho KJ#TITLE:Human hepatic beta-glucuronidase: an enzyme kinetic study#JOURNAL:Enzyme#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3987656# AUTHORS:Oshima A, Kyle JW, Miller RD, Hoffmann JW, Powell PP, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Tropak M, Guise KS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3468507# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2990.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-glucuronidase, lysosomal

525777
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746427

746427
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: D-Glucuronate_C6H9O7

525765
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745522

745522
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate A (GalNAc4S-GlcA), degradation product 3_C31H48NO32S2

525753
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

746613
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: H2O_H2O

525741
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745520

745520
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate A (GalNAc4S-GlcA), degradation product 2_C37H55NO38S2

750875
type: Reaction
product: 540769
product: 540756
reactant: 540744
notes: Abbreviation: R_ECOAH1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [m] : 3hbcoa <==> b2coa + h2o Confidence Level: 2 SAB for mito genes: LOCUS:_1892#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ECHS1# LOCUS:_3030#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HADHA#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17,1.1.1.35# LOCUS:_3032#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HADHB# LOCUS:_549#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AUH# proteins: NAME:AU RNA binding protein/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (mito)#ABBREVIATION:Auh.1-m# NAME:enoyl Coenzyme A hydratase, short chain, 1, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Echs1.1-m# NAME:hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit #ABBREVIATION:Hadha.1-m# NAME:hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), beta subunit #ABBREVIATION:Hadhb.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:FitzPatrick DR, Germain-Lee E, Valle D.#TITLE:Isolation and characterization of rat and human cDNAs encoding a novel putative peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase. #YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7558027# GENE ASSOCIATION: (549.1) or (3030.1) and (3032.1) or (1892.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase (3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA) (mitochondria)

540769
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

746615
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: H2O_H2O

540756
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745134

745134
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Crotonoyl-CoA_C25H36N7O17P3S

540744
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744138

744138
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858

747829
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _9-O-Acetylated GT3 (homo sapiens)_C65H106N4O37FULLRCO

746399
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: glycochenodeoxycholate_C26H43NO5

745900
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Digalactosylceramide_C30H56NO12FULLRCO

753855
type: Reaction
fast: false
name: globoside alpha-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1
reactant: 611639
notes: Abbreviation: R_GBGT1 Synonyms: _7 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : gbside_hs + udpacgal --> acgagbside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_26301#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FS#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.88# proteins: NAME:globoside alpha-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1/Forssman glycolipid synthetase#ABBREVIATION:GBGT1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Xu H, Storch T, Yu M, Elliott SP, Haslam DB.#TITLE:haracterization of the human Forssman synthetase gene. An evolving association between glycolipid synthesis and host-microbial interactions. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10506200# GENE ASSOCIATION: (26301.1)
product: 611663
product: 611675
reversible: false
product: 611651
reactant: 611627

611639
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748873

748873
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854

611663
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

611675
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

611651
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744674

744674
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: alpha GalNAc globoside (homo sapiens)_C52H92N3O27FULLRCO

611627
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746379

746379
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: globoside (homo sapiens)_C44H79N2O22FULLRCO

752113
type: Reaction
product: 570184
product: 570172
reactant: 570160
reactant: 570148
notes: Abbreviation: R_HYPOE Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin B6 Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + pyam5p --> pi + pydam Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_57026#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PDXP#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.-# proteins: NAME:Pyridoxal Phosphatase #ABBREVIATION:PdxP.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ink SL, Henderson LM.#TITLE:Vitamin B6 metabolism.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6380540# AUTHORS:Jang YM, Kim DW, Kang TC, Won MH, Baek NI, Moon BJ, Choi SY, Kwon OS.#TITLE:Human pyridoxal phosphatase. Molecular cloning, functional expression, and tissue distribution.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14522954# GENE ASSOCIATION: (57026.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: hypothetical enyme

570184
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748283

748283
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Pyridoxamine_C8H13N2O2

570172
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

748091
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phosphate_HO4P

570160
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748279

748279
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate_C8H12N2O5P

570148
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

747681
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - reduced_C21H27N7O14P2

752633
type: Reaction
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 582707
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALATHRNaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ala-L[e] + na1[e] + thr-L[c] --> ala-L[c] + na1[c] + thr-L[e] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6509#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A4# LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a4.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6509.1) or (6510.1)
reactant: 582683
reactant: 582695
reactant: 582671
product: 582719
product: 582731
name: L-alanine/L-threonine Na-dependent exchange (Ala-L in)

582707
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744938

744938
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Alanine_C3H7NO2

582683
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659

747659
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Sodium_Na

582695
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748729

748729
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Threonine_C4H9NO3

582671
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744940

744940
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Alanine_C3H7NO2

582719
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

747657
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Sodium_Na

582731
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748731

748731
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Threonine_C4H9NO3

752189
type: Reaction
product: 572047
reactant: 572035
notes: Abbreviation: R_DIGALSIDEtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: digalside_hs[c] <==> digalside_hs[l] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - however must get to other intracellular compartments (e.g. lysosome for degradation) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: digalside_hs intracellular transport

572047
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745904

745904
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Digalactosylceramide_C30H56NO12FULLRCO

572035
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745900

752661
type: Reaction
product: 583367
reactant: 583355
notes: Abbreviation: R_DAG_HSter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: dag_hs[r] --> dag_hs[c] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: diacylglycerol ER export

583367
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745690

745690
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C3H6OFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

583355
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745696

745696
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C3H6OFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

751613
type: Reaction
name: Beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase
reactant: 558287
product: 558299
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 558311
product: 558324
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST8SIA52g Synonyms: _13 EC Number: 2.4.99.8 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : cmpacna + gt1b_hs --> cmp + gq1b_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_29906#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT8E# proteins: NAME:ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 5 #ABBREVIATION:St8sia5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Harduin-Lepers A, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Smyn-Petit B, Julien S, Delannoy P#TITLE:The human sialyltransferase family#JOURNAL:Biochimie#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Kim YJ, Kim KS, Do S, Kim CH, Kim SK, Lee YC.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of human alpha2,8-sialyltransferase (hST8Sia V).#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9199191# GENE ASSOCIATION: (29906.1)
reactant: 558275

558287
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746549

746549
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GT1b (homo sapiens)_C77H127N5O46FULLRCO

558299
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386

745386
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P

558311
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746519

746519
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GQ1b (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO

558324
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

558275
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396

745396
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate_C20H29N4O16P

750503
type: Reaction
product: 532096
reactant: 532083
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLUt7l Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: glu-L[l] --> glu-L[c] Confidence Level: 1 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Glutamate transport, lysosomal

532096
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

746435
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Glutamate_C5H8NO4

532083
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746437

746437
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: L-Glutamate_C5H8NO4

754911
type: Reaction
product: 637267
reactant: 637243
product: 637291
name: uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-chondroitin acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II, Golgi
reversible: false
reactant: 637255
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALNACT2g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.175 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cs_a,b_pre2 + uacgam --> cs_a,b_pre3 + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_22856#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHSY1# LOCUS:_55454#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNACT-2# LOCUS:_55790#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ChGn# LOCUS:_79586#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHPF# LOCUS:_337876#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CSS3# proteins: NAME:chondroitin sulfate GalNAcT-2, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Galnact-2.1-g# NAME:chondroitin beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chgn.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (chondroitin) synthase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chsy1.1-g# NAME:chondroitin polymerizing factor, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chpf.1-g# NAME:chondroitin sulfate synthase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Css3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Silbert JE, Sugumaran G#TITLE:Biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512856# AUTHORS:Sato T, Gotoh M, Kiyohara K, Akashima T, Iwasaki H, Kameyama A, Mochizuki H, Yada T, Inaba N, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Asada M, Watanabe H, Imamura T, Kimata K, Narimatsu H#TITLE:Differential roles of two N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, CSGalNAcT-1, and a novel enzyme, CSGalNAcT-2. Initiation and elongation in synthesis of chondroitin sulfate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12446672# AUTHORS:Uyama T, Kitagawa H, Tamura Ji J, Sugahara K#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of human chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase: the key enzyme for chain initiation and elongation of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate on the protein linkage region tetrasaccharide shared by heparin/heparan sulfate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788602# AUTHORS:Gotoh M, Sato T, Akashima T, Iwasaki H, Kameyama A, Mochizuki H, Yada T, Inaba N, Zhang Y, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Nishihara S, Watanabe H, Kimata K, Narimatsu H#TITLE:Enzymatic synthesis of chondroitin with a n…
product: 637279
fast: false

637267
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745516

745516
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate A (GalNAc4S-GlcA) and B (IdoA2S-GalNAc4S), precursor 3_C45H67N2O42S2X

637243
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745514

745514
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate A (GalNAc4S-GlcA) and B (IdoA2S-GalNAc4S), precursor 2_C37H54NO37S2X

637291
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

637255
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

637279
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

749407
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dCTP_C9H12N3O13P3

743860
type: Compartment
constant: true
size: NaN
spatial dimensions: 3.0

747631
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: de-Fuc, reducing GlcNAc removed, de-Sia, de-Gal form of PA6 (w/o peptide linkage)_C42H71N3O31

746795
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 2_C79H116N5O96S10

746881
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Iduronate_C6H9O7

746487
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: GMP_C10H12N5O8P

750411
type: Reaction
product: 529998
reactant: 529986
reactant: 529974
notes: Abbreviation: R_CITMCOAHm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.56 SUBSYSTEM: C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism Equation: [m] : h2o + itaccoa <==> citmcoa-L Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:WANG SF, ADLER J, LARDY HA#TITLE:The pathway of itaconate metabolism by liver mitochondria#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1961#PUBMED:13783048# AUTHORS:ADLER J, WANG SF, LARDY HA#TITLE:The metabolism of itaconic acid by liver mitochondria.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1957#PUBMED:13502348# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-Citramalyl-CoA hydro-lyase, mitochondrial

529998
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745354

745354
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Citramalyl-CoA_C26H37N7O20P3S

529986
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746935

746935
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Itaconyl-CoA_C26H35N7O19P3S

529974
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

749866
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: tetracosapentaenoic acid, n-3_C24H37O2

752265
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEXA13ly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + ksi_deg18 --> acgam + h + ksi_deg20 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 Note that this reaction is specific to beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A and cannot be catalyzed by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B (or presumably beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S). This is also a lumped reaction, representing the cleavage of GalNAc4S or GalNAc6S and N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase or 6-sulfatase. NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1)
product: 573800
reactant: 573752
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 573788
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal
product: 573776
product: 573764
reactant: 573740

573800
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483

748483
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Sulfate_O4S

573752
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746973

746973
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 18_C146H235N10O127S7

573788
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746981

746981
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 20_C138H223N9O119S6

573776
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

746630
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: H+_H

573764
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712

744712
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine_C8H15NO6

573740
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613

744106
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-3-Amino-isobutanoate_C4H9NO2

749459
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _16-Glucuronide-estriol_C24H32O9

744442
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _6-Pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin_C9H11N5O3

748533
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Stearoyl-CoA (n-C18:0CoA)_C39H66N7O17P3S

746643
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hyaluronan biosynthesis, precursor 1_C14H20NO11

751219
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 548880
product: 548855
reactant: 548819
product: 548868
reversible: false
name: Iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase 3
notes: Abbreviation: R_IDHPOXOX3 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.11.1.8 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : 35diotyr + 3ityr-L + h2o2 --> 2amac + (2) h2o + triodthy Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_7173#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TPO#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# LOCUS:_7173#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:TPO#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# LOCUS:_7173#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:TPO#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# LOCUS:_7173#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:TPO#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# LOCUS:_7173#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:TPO#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# proteins: NAME:thyroid peroxidase#ABBREVIATION:Tpo.1# NAME:thyroid peroxidase#ABBREVIATION:Tpo.2# NAME:thyroid peroxidase#ABBREVIATION:Tpo.3# NAME:thyroid peroxidase#ABBREVIATION:Tpo.4# NAME:thyroid peroxidase#ABBREVIATION:Tpo.5# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E #TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 1#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Nakamura M, Yamazaki I, Kotani T, Ohtaki S#TITLE:Thyroid peroxidase selects the mechanism of either 1- or 2-electron oxidation of phenols, depending on their substituents#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2997169# AUTHORS:Kimura S, Kotani T, McBride OW, Umeki K, Hirai K, Nakayama T, Ohtaki S#TITLE:Human thyroid peroxidase: complete cDNA and protein sequence, chromosome mapping, and identification of two alternately spliced mRNAs#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3475693# AUTHORS:Magnusson RP, Chazenbalk GD, Gestautas J, Seto P, Filetti S, DeGroot LJ, Rapoport B. #TITLE:Molecular cloning of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for human thyroid peroxidase.#JOURNAL:Mol Endocrinol#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3153466# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7173.4) or (7173.1) or (7173.3) or (7173.2) or (7173.5)
reactant: 548831
reactant: 548843

548880
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748785

748785
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Triiodothyronine_C15H12I3NO4

548855
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744016

744016
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-Aminoacrylate_C3H5NO2

548819
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744104

744104
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosine_C9H9I2NO3

548868
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

548831
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744162

744162
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Iodo-L-tyrosine_C9H10INO3

548843
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

746595
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hydrogen peroxide_H2O2

747537
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Methionine_C5H11NO2S

749337
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Calcium_Ca

754399
type: Reaction
product: 625193
reactant: 625181
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_biocyt_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : biocyt <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Biocytin exchange

625193
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749327

749327
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Biocytin_C16H28N4O4S

625181
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745176

745176
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Biocytin_C16H28N4O4S

755463
type: Reaction
product: 650187
product: 650175
reactant: 650163
notes: Abbreviation: R_MGACONm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism Equation: [m] : citmcoa-L <==> h2o + mescoa Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:WANG SF, ADLER J, LARDY HA#TITLE:The pathway of itaconate metabolism by liver mitochondria#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1961#PUBMED:13783048# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: methylglutaconase, mitochondrial

650187
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747533

747533
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Mesaconyl-CoA_C26H35N7O19P3S

650175
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

650163
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745354

749615
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Hypoxanthine_C5H4N4O

755878
type: Reaction
product: 660315
reactant: 660303
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLYtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: gly[c] <==> gly[m] Confidence Level: 4 TDV Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Jun 6;598(3):588-94 genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Benavides J, Garcia ML, Lopez-Lahoya J, Ugarte M, Valdivieso F.#TITLE: Glycine transport in rat brain and liver mitochondria. #JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1980#PUBMED:7388024# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glycine passive transport to mitochondria

660315
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746453

746453
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Glycine_C2H5NO2

660303
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746450

746450
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Glycine_C2H5NO2

753493
type: Reaction
product: 602785
reactant: 602773
notes: Abbreviation: R_DURItn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: duri[c] <==> duri[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: deoxyuridine transport in nucleus

602785
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746080

746080
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Deoxyuridine_C9H12N2O5

602773
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746074

749409
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Deoxycytidine_C9H13N3O4

747609
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA_C25H35N7O19P3S

746883
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: L-Iduronate_C6H9O7

756062
type: Reaction
product: 664357
product: 664344
reactant: 664332
reactant: 664320
notes: Abbreviation: R_M1316Mg Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 3.2.1.114 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : (2) h2o + nm4masn --> (2) man + nm2masn Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4122#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN2A2# LOCUS:_4124#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN2A1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.114# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 2A, member 2, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man2a2.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 2A, member 1, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man2a1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Misago M, Liao YF, Kudo S, Eto S, Mattei MG, Moremen KW, Fukuda MN.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of cDNAs encoding human alpha-mannosidase II and a previously unrecognized alpha-mannosidase IIx isozyme.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:8524845# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4124.1) or (4122.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase

664357
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747745

747745
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(alpha-D-mannosyl)2-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl)-L-asparagine (protein)_C42H70N3O30X

664344
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747495

664332
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747747

747747
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(alpha-D-mannosyl)4-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl)-L-asparagine (protein)_C54H90N3O40X

664320
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746611

751459
type: Reaction
reversible: true
reactant: 554522
product: 554534
reactant: 554497
notes: Abbreviation: R_UGT1A10r Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : bilirub + (2) h + udpglcur <==> bilglcur + udp Confidence Level: 1 bil is taken up by cell - made reversible (actual measurements of deltaG/reversibility not described in literature currently) NJ genes: LOCUS:_54576#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT1A8# proteins: NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A8#ABBREVIATION:Ugt1a8.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (54576.1)
reactant: 554510
name: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 precursor, microsomal
fast: false
product: 554547

554522
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748893

748893
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: UDP-D-glucuronate_C15H19N2O18P2

554534
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745164

745164
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Bilirubin monoglucuronide_C39H44N4O12

554497
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745170

745170
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Bilirubin_C33H34N4O6

554510
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746635

746635
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: H+_H

554547
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748869

748869
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2

748741
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Thymidine_C10H14N2O5

746265
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (Gal)2 (GalNAc)1 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C64H112N3O35FULLRCO

744108
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-3-Amino-isobutanoate_C4H9NO2

757174
type: Reaction
fast: false
reversible: false
reactant: 690753
reactant: 690765
product: 690814
name: alkyl acylglycerol phosphoethanolamine transferase
notes: Abbreviation: R_AGLPET Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : ak2g_hs + cdpea + h --> ak2gpe_hs + cmp + h2o Confidence Level: 2 see Harper's Biochemistry 'Metabolism of Acylglycerols and Sphingolipids' chapter currently charge imbalanced (+2) - charging of individual molecules consistent w/ known info at pH 7.4 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Brites P, Waterham HR, Wander RJA#TITLE:Functions and biosynthesis of plasmalogens in health and disease#JOURNAL:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Nagan N, Zoeller RA#TITLE:Plasmalogens: biosynthesis and functions#JOURNAL:Progress in Lipid Research#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 690802
reactant: 690778
product: 690790

690753
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744896

744896
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkyl 2-acylglycerol_C5H10O2FULLRFULLR2CO2

690765
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745280

745280
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CDPethanolamine_C11H19N4O11P2

690814
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

690802
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745382

745382
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P

690778
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

690790
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744902

744902
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkyl 2-acylglycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine_C7H16O5NPFULLRFULLR2CO

753819
type: Reaction
product: 610879
product: 610867
reactant: 610855
reactant: 610843
notes: Abbreviation: R_PIt7ir Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (3) na1[e] + pi[e] --> (3) na1[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 2 SMP SAB ir genes: LOCUS:_6568#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC17A1# LOCUS:_10050#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC17A4# LOCUS:_10246#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC17A2# LOCUS:_10786#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC17A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc17a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc17a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc17a3.1# NAME:solute carrier family 17 (sodium phosphate), member 4#ABBREVIATION:Slc17a4.1# citations: AUTHORS:Murer H, Biber J#TITLE:Molecular mechanisms of renal apical Na/phosphate cotransport#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Physiol#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8815811# AUTHORS:Reimer RJ, Edwards RH#TITLE:Organic anion transport is the primary function of the SLC17/type I phosphate transporter family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12811560# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10050.1) or (10786.1) or (10246.1) or (6568.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: phosphate transport in/out via three Na+ symporter (irreversible)

610879
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

610867
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747657

610855
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748093

748093
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Phosphate_HO4P

610843
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747659

750377
type: Reaction
product: 529203
product: 529191
reactant: 529179
reactant: 529167
notes: Abbreviation: R_CREATt4_LPAREN_2_RPAREN_r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: creat[e] + (2) na1[e] <==> creat[c] + (2) na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_6537#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A10# LOCUS:_6535#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A8# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, creatine), member 8#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a8.1# NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, creatine), member 10#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a10.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW#TITLE:Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12719981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6535.1) or (6537.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Creatine transport (sodium symport) (2:1)

529203
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747657

529191
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745464

745464
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Creatine_C4H9N3O2

529179
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659

529167
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745466

745466
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Creatine_C4H9N3O2

756692
type: Reaction
product: 679218
product: 679206
reactant: 679194
reactant: 679182
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACt2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: ac[c] + h[c] <==> ac[m] + h[m] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Casal M, Paiva S, Andrade RP, Gancedo C, Leao C.#TITLE:The lactate-proton symport of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is encoded by JEN1.#JOURNAL:J Bacteriol#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10198029# AUTHORS:Wolfe AJ.#TITLE:The acetate switch#JOURNAL:Microbiol Mol Biol Rev#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15755952# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acetate mitochondrial transport via proton symport

679218
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

679206
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744628

744628
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Acetate_C2H3O2

679194
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

679182
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744622

744622
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Acetate_C2H3O2

747539
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Methionine_C5H11NO2S

753573
type: Reaction
product: 604631
product: 604618
reactant: 604606
reactant: 604594
notes: Abbreviation: R_FOLR2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.5.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [c] : fol + nadph --> dhf + nadp Confidence Level: 2 Reaction can be catalyzed by dihydrofolate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.3) - to H2F genes: LOCUS:_1719#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DHFR#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.3# proteins: NAME:dihydrofolate reductase #ABBREVIATION:Dhfr.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Funanage VL, Myoda TT, Moses PA, Cowell HR.#TITLE:Assignment of the human dihydrofolate reductase gene to the q11----q22 region of chromosome 5.#JOURNAL:Mol Cell Biol. #YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6504041# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1719.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: folate reductase

604631
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

604618
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745872

745872
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _7,8-Dihydrofolate_C19H19N7O6

604606
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

604594
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746236

746236
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Folate_C19H18N7O6

748265
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: pentadecanoyl Coenzyme A_C36H60N7O17P3S

753993
type: Reaction
product: 615125
reactant: 615113
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPHMYLNtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: sphmyln_hs[c] <==> sphmyln_hs[g] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - however must get to other intracellular compartments (e.g. lysosome for degradation) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Perry RJ, Ridgway ND.#TITLE:Molecular mechanisms and regulation of ceramide transport.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15907394# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sphingomyelin intracellular transport

615125
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748511

748511
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: sphingomyelin (homo sapiens)_C23H48N2O5PFULLRCO

615113
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748509

748509
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: sphingomyelin (homo sapiens)_C23H48N2O5PFULLRCO

752945
type: Reaction
product: 590153
product: 590141
reactant: 590129
notes: Abbreviation: R_GMAND Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.47 SUBSYSTEM: Fructose and Mannose Metabolism Equation: [c] : gdpmann --> gdpddman + h2o Confidence Level: 0 JLR genes: LOCUS:_2762#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GMDS#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.47# proteins: NAME:GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase#ABBREVIATION:Gmds.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (2762.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: GDP-D-mannose dehydratase

590153
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

590141
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746406

746406
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

590129
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746409

746409
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GDP-D-mannose_C16H23N5O16P2

753563
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 604437
reactant: 604401
reactant: 604389
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT97g Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.4.1.152 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : fuc132galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fucfuc132galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10690#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT9#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.152# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 9 (alpha(,13) fucosyltransferase)#ABBREVIATION:Fut9.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kaneko M, Kudo T, Iwasaki H, Ikehara Y, Nishihara S, Nakagawa S, Sasaki K, Shiina T, Inoko H, Saitou N, Narimatsu H.#TITLE:Alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (Fuc-TIX) is very highly conserved between human and mouse; molecular cloning, characterization and tissue distribution of human Fuc-TIX.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10386598# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10690.1)
product: 604413
name: Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase
product: 604425

604437
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

604401
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408

746408
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GDP-L-fucose_C16H23N5O15P2

604389
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746254

746254
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: V3Fuc-nLc6Cer_C64H112N3O36FULLRCO

604413
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746280

746280
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854

604425
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746403

746403
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GDP_C10H12N5O11P2

745898
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854

754679
type: Reaction
product: 631588
reactant: 631576
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_fucgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : fucgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: (Gal)3 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1 exchange

631588
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749503

749503
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (Gal)3 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C62H109N2O35FULLRCO

631576
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746302

746302
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (Gal)3 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C62H109N2O35FULLRCO

752319
type: Reaction
product: 575196
fast: false
name: L-lactate dehydrogenase
reversible: true
reactant: 575160
notes: Abbreviation: R_LDH_L Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.27 SUBSYSTEM: Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Equation: [c] : lac-L + nad <==> h + nadh + pyr Confidence Level: 0 Also see LDL_D genes: LOCUS:_3945#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHB#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_3948#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHC#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_3939#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHA#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_160287#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHAL6A# LOCUS:_92483#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHAL6B# LOCUS:_3948#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:LDHC#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_55293#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UEV3# proteins: NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A (liver, sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Ldha.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase B (heart, RBC)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhb.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase C (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhc.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase C (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhc.2# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhal6b.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A#ABBREVIATION:Ldhal6a.1# NAME:ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-like#ABBREVIATION:Uev3.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase (heart, RBC, brain, kidney, liver, sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:LdhAB# citations: AUTHORS:Yu Y, Deck JA, Hunsaker LA, Deck LM, Royer RE, Goldberg E, Vander Jagt DL#TITLE:Selective active site inhibitors of human lactate dehydrogenases A4, B4, and C4.#JOURNAL:Biochem Pharmacol#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11377399# AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Li X, Qin C, Burghardt R, Safe S. #TITLE:Hormonal regulation of lactate dehydrogenase-A through activation of protein kinase C pathways in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15240094# AUTHORS:Millan JL, Driscoll CE, LeVan KM, Goldberg E.#TITLE:Epitopes of human testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase deduced from a cDNA sequence.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. #YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2440048# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3945.1 and 3939.1) or (160287.1) or (3948.2) or (3939.1) or (3948.1) or (55293.1) or (3945.1…
reactant: 575172
product: 575208
product: 575184

575196
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

575160
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747213

747213
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Lactate_C3H5O3

575172
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

747669
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide_C21H26N7O14P2

575208
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748303

748303
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Pyruvate_C3H3O3

575184
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

746661
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O2

746267
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (Gal)2 (GalNAc)1 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C64H112N3O35FULLRCO

751083
type: Reaction
product: 545456
product: 545444
reactant: 545432
reactant: 545419
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt40m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dadp[m] + dutp[c] --> dadp[c] + dutp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dUTP transport via dADP antiport

545456
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746084

545444
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745684

745684
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dADP_C10H12N5O9P2

545432
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746082

545419
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745686

745686
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dADP_C10H12N5O9P2

748719
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Thiamine diphosphate_C12H16N4O7P2S

757419
type: Reaction
reactant: 696464
product: 696500
notes: Abbreviation: R_RDH3 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.105 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : nad + retinol-cis-11 <==> h + nadh + retinal-11-cis Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_5959#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH5#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.105# proteins: NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 5 (11-cis and 9-cis) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# AUTHORS:Haeseleer F, Jang GF, Imanishi Y, Driessen CA, Matsumura M, Nelson PS, Palczewski K.#TITLE:Dual-substrate specificity short chain retinol dehydrogenases from the vertebrate retina.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12226107# AUTHORS:Simon A, Hellman U, Wernstedt C, Eriksson U. #TITLE:The retinal pigment epithelial-specific 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase belongs to the family of short chain alcohol dehydrogenases. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7836368# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5959.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
product: 696488
product: 696512
reactant: 696476
name: retinol dehydrogenase (11-cis,NADH)

696464
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

696500
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

696488
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

696512
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748337

748337
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cis-11-retinal_C20H28O

696476
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748349

748349
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cis-11-retinol_C20H30O

744482
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: protein-linked asparagine residue (N-glycosylation site)_XH

748215
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (13E)-11alpha-Hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate_C20H31O5

744868
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: aflatoxin B1_C17H12O6

745848
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850

755699
type: Reaction
product: 655769
reactant: 655757
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPC_HSt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: spc_hs[c] <==> spc_hs[e] Confidence Level: 2 known to get out of cell, mechanism/transporters not yet found, see for example PMID: 12069827 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Meyer zu Heringdorf D, Himmel HM, Jakobs KH.#TITLE:Sphingosylphosphorylcholine-biological functions and mechanisms of action.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12069827# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sphingosylphosphorylcholine transport (diffusion)

655769
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748491

748491
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: sphingosylphosphorylcholine (homo sapiens)_C23H50N2O5P

655757
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748489

748489
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: sphingosylphosphorylcholine (homo sapiens)_C23H50N2O5P

753067
type: Reaction
product: 592980
reactant: 592968
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_tetpent6_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : tetpent6 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: tetracosapentaenoic acid, n-6 exchange

592980
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749868

749868
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: tetracosapentaenoic acid, n-6_C24H37O2

592968
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748649

748649
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: tetracosapentaenoic acid, n-6_C24H37O2

750302
type: Reaction
product: 527039
product: 527026
reactant: 527014
reactant: 527002
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCAASE6ly Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.2.1.31 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cs_d_deg3 + h2o --> cs_d_deg4 + glcur Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2990#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUSB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.31# proteins: NAME:glucuronidase, beta, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gusb.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Guise KS, Korneluk RG, Waye J, Lamhonwah AM, Quan F, Palmer R, Ganschow RE, Sly WS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Isolation and expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA clone encoding human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3924735# AUTHORS:Ho YC, Ho LH, Ho KJ#TITLE:Human hepatic beta-glucuronidase: an enzyme kinetic study#JOURNAL:Enzyme#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3987656# AUTHORS:Oshima A, Kyle JW, Miller RD, Hoffmann JW, Powell PP, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Tropak M, Guise KS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3468507# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2990.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-glucuronidase, lysosomal

527039
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746427

527026
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745566

745566
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), degradation product 4_C31H47NO35S3

527014
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

527002
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745564

745564
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), degradation product 3_C37H54NO41S3

755918
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 661171
name: Apocarboxylase formation, mitochondrial
reactant: 661147
reversible: false
product: 661183
product: 661159
notes: Abbreviation: R_APOCFm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Biotin Metabolism Equation: [m] : apoC + lys-L --> apoC-Lys + h + h2o Confidence Level: 2 IT faked reaction to balance reaction in human biotin metabolism genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 661135

661171
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

661147
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747369

747369
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Lysine_C6H15N2O2

661183
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

661159
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745026

745026
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Apocarboxylase (Lys residue)_C6H13N2OX

661135
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745030

745030
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Apocarboxlase (no lys residue)_XH

747317
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: linoleic coenzyme A_C39H62N7O17P3S

749117
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _10-formyltetrahydrofolate-[Glu](5)_C40H45N11O19

754179
type: Reaction
product: 619444
reactant: 619432
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLICHOL_Uter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: (0.1) dolichol_U[r] <==> (0.1) dolichol_U[c] Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dolichol diffusion, human (uterus)

619444
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745990

745990
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dolichol, human uterine homolog_C1025H1680O10

619432
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745992

745992
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichol, human uterine homolog_C1025H1680O10

749722
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: octadecanoate (n-C18:0)_C18H35O2

746058
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dTTP_C10H13N2O14P3

750685
type: Reaction
product: 536314
reactant: 536302
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCFUC132GALACGLCGAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: fucfuc132galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[e] <==> fucfuc132galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport

536314
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746278

746278
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

536302
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746279

746279
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852

746663
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O2

749998
type: Reaction
product: 519890
fast: false
product: 519902
reactant: 519866
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
reactant: 519854
product: 519915
reactant: 519878
reversible: true
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL200 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : arach + atp + coa <==> amp + arachcoa + ppi Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2180.1)

519890
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

744976
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: AMP_C10H12N5O7P

519902
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745056

745056
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: arachidyl coenzyme A_C41H70N7O17P3S

519866
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

519854
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745052

745052
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Arachidic acid_C20H39O2

519915
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

519878
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

745422
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S

747557
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate_C6H8O18P4

744004
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _25-Hydroxyvitamin D2_C28H44O2

749357
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Citrate_C6H5O7

744056
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _2-Methylcitrate_C7H7O7

751401
type: Reaction
product: 553171
reactant: 553159
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_fucgal14acglcgalgluside_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : fucgal14acglcgalgluside_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Lacto-N-fucopentaosyl III ceramide exchange

553171
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749501

749501
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Lacto-N-fucopentaosyl III ceramide_C50H89N2O26FULLRCO

553159
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746294

746294
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Lacto-N-fucopentaosyl III ceramide_C50H89N2O26FULLRCO

748401
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: de-Fuc form of PA6_C84H135N6O61X

751597
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_MHISOR Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.3.4 SUBSYSTEM: Histidine Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + mhista + o2 --> 3mldz + h2o2 + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_314#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AOC2#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.6# LOCUS:_8639#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AOC3#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.6# LOCUS:_26#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABP1#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.6# LOCUS:_314#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AOC2# proteins: NAME:amine oxidase, copper containing 3#ABBREVIATION:Aoc3.1# NAME:amiloride binding protein 1 (amine oxidase (copper-containing))#ABBREVIATION:Abp1.1# NAME:amine oxidase, copper containing 2#ABBREVIATION:Aoc2.1# NAME:amine oxidase, copper containing 2#ABBREVIATION:Aoc2.2# citations: AUTHORS:Smith DJ, Salmi M, Bono P, Hellman J, Leu T, Jalkanen S.#TITLE:Cloning of vascular adhesion protein 1 reveals a novel multifunctional adhesion molecule#JOURNAL: J Exp Med#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9653080# AUTHORS:Lyles GA#TITLE:Mammalian plasma and tissue-bound semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases: biochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects#JOURNAL:Int J Biochem Cell Biol#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8920635# AUTHORS:Buffoni F, Ignesti G#TITLE:Biochemical aspects and functional role of the copper-containing amine oxidases#JOURNAL:Inflammopharmacology#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:15035803# AUTHORS:Elmore BO, Bollinger JA, Dooley DM#TITLE:Human kidney diamine oxidase: heterologous expression, purification, and characterization#JOURNAL:J Biol Inorg Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12072962# GENE ASSOCIATION: (26.1) or (314.1) or (8639.1) or (314.2)
reactant: 557838
name: N-Methylhistamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
product: 557886
reactant: 557850
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 557874
reactant: 557862
product: 557898

557838
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

557886
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

557850
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747551

747551
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Methylhistamine_C6H12N3

557874
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744174

744174
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Methylimidazole acetaldehyde_C6H8N2O

557862
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

747795
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: O2_O2

557898
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721

747721
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Ammonium_H4N

747319
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: linoleic coenzyme A_C39H62N7O17P3S

746432
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Glutamate 5-phosphate_C5H8NO7P

747405
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-Mannosyl)4-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1540H2528N20O420P20

756628
type: Reaction
product: 677746
reactant: 677734
notes: Abbreviation: R_RAI2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : retinal <==> retinal-cis-9 Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: retinal isomerase (9-cis)

677746
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748341

748341
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cis-9-retinal_C20H28O

677734
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748343

744698
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Type IIIAb_C92H158N5O55FULLRCO

745436
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: cocaine_C17H21NO4

755235
type: Reaction
product: 645025
product: 645013
reactant: 645001
reactant: 644989
notes: Abbreviation: R_FDH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [c] : for + nad --> co2 + nadh Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_10840#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FTHFD# proteins: NAME:formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase #ABBREVIATION:Fthfdh.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (10840.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: formate dehydrogenase

645025
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

645013
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404

645001
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

644989
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746238

746238
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Formate_CH1O2

756502
type: Reaction
product: 674715
reactant: 674703
notes: Abbreviation: R_Htx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: h[c] <==> h[x] Confidence Level: 0 diffusion NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: H transporter, peroxisome

674715
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637

674703
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

754063
type: Reaction
product: 616764
product: 616752
reactant: 616740
reactant: 616728
notes: Abbreviation: R_NDPK10 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.6 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : atp + didp <==> adp + ditp Confidence Level: 4 Many nucleoside diphosphates (eight described) can act as acceptors. While many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donors, only ATP is chosen as a donor to minimize the number of total reactions. genes: LOCUS:_29922#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME7# LOCUS:_4831#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME2# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME1# LOCUS:_4832#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME3# LOCUS:_10201#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME6# LOCUS:_29922#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NME7# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NME1# proteins: NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase AB #ABBREVIATION:NME12.1# NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase AB#ABBREVIATION:NME12.2# NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3#ABBREVIATION:NME3.1# NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6#ABBREVIATION:NME6.1# NAME:Nucleoside phosphate kinase 7#ABBREVIATION:NME7.1# NAME:Nucleoside phosphate kinase 7#ABBREVIATION:NME7.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (29922.2) or (10201.1) or (4831.1 and 4830.1) or (4832.1) or (4831.1 and 4830.2) or (29922.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (ATP:dIDP)

616764
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745912

745912
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dITP_C10H11N4O13P3

616752
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

616740
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745888

745888
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dIDP_C10H11N4O10P2

616728
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

755833
type: Reaction
reactant: 659024
fast: false
reactant: 659036
product: 659048
product: 659060
reversible: true
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL1812 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + vacc <==> amp + ppi + vacccoa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2180.1)
reactant: 659012
product: 659072

659024
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

659036
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748953

748953
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: vaccenic acid_C18H33O2

659048
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

659060
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

659012
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

659072
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748957

748957
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: vaccenyl coenzyme A_C39H64N7O17P3S

744648
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Acetyl-CoA_C23H34N7O17P3S

756742
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOGULNO1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism Equation: [c] : 23doguln + h2o2 --> (2) h + oxa + thrnt Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Banhegyi G, Braun L, Csala M, Puskas F, Mandl J#TITLE:Ascorbate metabolism and its regulation in animals#JOURNAL:Free Radic Biol Med#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9296457# AUTHORS:Simpson GL, Ortwerth BJ#TITLE:The non-oxidative degradation of ascorbic acid at physiological conditions#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10727845# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 680355
product: 680343
product: 680367
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate:hydrogen peroxide oxireductase
reactant: 680331
reactant: 680319

680355
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747905

747905
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Oxalate_C2O4

680343
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

680367
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748733

748733
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Threonate_C4H7O5

680331
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

680319
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743982

743982
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2,3-Dioxo-L-gulonate_C6H7O7

754971
type: Reaction
reactant: 638688
product: 638712
product: 638700
product: 638724
reactant: 638676
name: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-glycolipid alpha-mannosyltransferase (liver)
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLPMT2_Ler Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.4.1.130 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolmanp_L + (0.1) m5mpdol_L --> (0.1) dolp_L + h + (0.1) m6mpdol_L Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reversible: false

638688
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747417

747417
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-Mannosyl)5-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1600H2628N20O470P20

638712
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

638700
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746004

746004
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichol phosphate, human liver homolog_C1080H1758O40P10

638724
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747429

747429
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-Mannosyl)6-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1660H2728N20O520P20

638676
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745996

745996
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, human liver homolog_C1140H1868O90P10

746965
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 14_C166H267N11O145S8

748133
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Propanoyl-CoA_C24H36N7O17P3S

749746
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Peptidyl-L-lysine_XH

755429
type: Reaction
product: 649535
reactant: 649523
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_lneldc_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : lneldc <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: linoelaidic acid exchange

649535
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749657

749657
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: linoelaidic acid (all trans C18:2)_C18H31O2

649523
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747301

747301
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: linoelaidic acid (all trans C18:2)_C18H31O2

754851
type: Reaction
product: 635870
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC2051843m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : coa + h2o + nad + tmndnccoa --> accoa + h + nadh + strdnccoa Confidence Level: 4 _1 round beta ox, 1 degree loss of sat -> no fad oxidation peroxisomal (very long chain FA) c20:5,n-3 -> c18:4, n-3 - final '3' in abbreviation indicates omega3 FA 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (34.1) or (35.1)
product: 635858
reactant: 635796
product: 635845
fast: false
reactant: 635808
name: Beta oxidation of fatty acid
reversible: false
product: 635833
reactant: 635784
reactant: 635820

635870
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748551

748551
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: stearidonyl coenzyme A_C39H58N7O17P3S

635858
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

747683
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - reduced_C21H27N7O14P2

635796
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

635845
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

635808
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

747673
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide_C21H26N7O14P2

635833
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652

744652
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Acetyl-CoA_C23H34N7O17P3S

635784
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

745428
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S

635820
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748761

748761
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: timnodonyl coenzyme A_C41H60N7O17P3S

746098
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _8,9 epxoy aflatoxin B1_C17H12O7

751183
type: Reaction
product: 547891
product: 547879
reactant: 547867
reactant: 547854
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACETONEt2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: acetone[c] + h[c] <==> acetone[m] + h[m] Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc16a1.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (6566.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acetone mitochondrial transport via proton symport

547891
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

547879
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744666

744666
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Acetone_C3H6O

547867
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

547854
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744662

744662
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Acetone_C3H6O

745074
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: C20:4-CoA_C41H62N7O17P3S

744888
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-(erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)dihydropteridine triphosphate_C9H12N5O13P3

746341
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (Gal)3 (GalNAc)1 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)1 (Cer)1_C64H112N3O36FULLRCO

755305
type: Reaction
product: 646508
reactant: 646495
notes: Abbreviation: R_S2L2FN2M2MASNtly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: s2l2fn2m2masn[e] --> s2l2fn2m2masn[l] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: s2l2fn2m2masn transport, extracellular to lysosome

646508
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748395

748395
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: PA6_C90H145N6O65X

646495
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748391

748391
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: PA6_C90H145N6O65X

751133
type: Reaction
product: 546574
reactant: 546562
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_adrnl_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : adrnl <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Adrenaline exchange

546574
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749263

749263
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Adrenaline_C9H14NO3

546562
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744862

744862
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Adrenaline_C9H14NO3

755669
type: Reaction
product: 655048
product: 655036
reactant: 655024
reactant: 655012
notes: Abbreviation: R_UMPK2 Synonyms: _9 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : ctp + ump <==> cdp + udp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: UMP kinase (CTP)

655048
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748857

748857
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2

655036
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745268

745268
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CDP_C9H12N3O11P2

655024
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901

748901
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: UMP_C9H11N2O9P

655012
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745644

745644
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CTP_C9H12N3O14P3

756936
type: Reaction
product: 684953
product: 684941
name: _4-Trimethylammoniobutanoate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
reactant: 684917
reactant: 684893
reactant: 684905
reversible: false
product: 684929
notes: Abbreviation: R_BBHOX Synonyms: _4 SUBSYSTEM: Lysine Metabolism Equation: [c] : 4tmeabutn + akg + o2 --> co2 + crn + succ Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_8424#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:BBOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.14.11.1# proteins: NAME:butyrobetaine (gamma), 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase (gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase) 1 #ABBREVIATION:Bbox1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Vaz,F.M. , van Gool,S. , Ofman,R. , Ijlst,L. , Wanders,R.J. #TITLE:Carnitine biosynthesis: identification of the cDNA encoding human gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9753662# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8424.1)
fast: false

684953
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748559

748559
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Succinate_C4H4O4

684941
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482

745482
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3

684917
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

684893
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744316

744316
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Trimethylammoniobutanoate_C7H15NO2

684905
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912

744912
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-Oxoglutarate_C5H4O5

684929
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404

746915
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Indole-3-acetate_C10H8NO2

746581
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Guanidinoacetate_C3H7N3O2

745796
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850

752599
type: Reaction
product: 582056
reactant: 582044
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ala_DASH_B_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ala-B <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: beta-Alanine exchange

582056
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749273

749273
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: beta-Alanine_C3H7NO2

582044
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744926

744926
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: beta-Alanine_C3H7NO2

746967
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 15_C160H257N11O140S8

756296
type: Reaction
product: 669929
reactant: 669917
notes: Abbreviation: R_HEXCCRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: hexccrn[c] --> hexccrn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: transport into the mitochondria (carnitine)

669929
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746709

746709
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: hexacosanoyl carnitine_C33H65NO4

669917
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746707

746707
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: hexacosanoyl carnitine_C33H65NO4

747497
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: D-Mannose_C6H12O6

752479
type: Reaction
product: 579108
reactant: 579096
notes: Abbreviation: R_OCTAt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: octa[e] <==> octa[c] Confidence Level: 2 JLR genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Octanoate transport via diffusion

579108
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747855

747855
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: octanoate (n-C8:0)_C8H15O2

579096
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747857

747857
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: octanoate (n-C8:0)_C8H15O2

753529
type: Reaction
product: 603558
product: 603546
reactant: 603534
reactant: 603522
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGH_DASH_5DHFe Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [e] : 5dhf + (4) h2o --> dhf + (4) glu-L Confidence Level: 4 REMOVES EITHER ONE OR TWO GLUTAMYL RESIDUES WITH A REACTION (WILL ONLY REPRESENT 1) - last step from 5-glutamyl to monoglutamyl is in one step IT genes: LOCUS:_8836#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GGH#ECNUMBERS:3.4.19.9# proteins: NAME:gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase) #ABBREVIATION:Ggh.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# AUTHORS:Rhee MS, Lindau-Shepard B, Chave KJ, Galivan J, Ryan TJ.#TITLE:Characterization of human cellular gamma-glutamyl hydrolase.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9614206# AUTHORS:Chandler CJ, Wang TT, Halsted CH.#TITLE:Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from human jejunal brush borders. Purification and characterization. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1986#PUBMED:2867095# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8836.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (5DHF), extracellular

603558
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746436

746436
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Glutamate_C5H8NO4

603546
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745874

745874
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _7,8-Dihydrofolate_C19H19N7O6

603534
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746609

746609
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: H2O_H2O

603522
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744352

744352
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: pentaglutamyl folate (DHF)_C39H43N11O18

751285
type: Reaction
product: 550281
product: 550269
reactant: 550257
reactant: 550244
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI34P4Pn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [n] : h2o + pail34p_hs --> pail3p_hs + pi Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF#TITLE:Nuclear lipid signalling#JOURNAL:Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12728269# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase, nuclear

550281
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748101

748101
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Phosphate_HO4P

550269
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747945

747945
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H15O12P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

550257
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747935

747935
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H14O15P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

550244
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746617

746617
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: H2O_H2O

752869
type: Reaction
product: 588389
reactant: 588376
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLXtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: glx[c] <==> glx[m] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Baker PR, Cramer SD, Kennedy M, Assimos DG, Holmes RP.#TITLE:Glycolate and glyoxylate metabolism in HepG2 cells.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15240345# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glyoxylate transport, mitochondrial

588389
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746448

746448
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Glyoxylate_C2H1O3

588376
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746447

746447
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Glyoxylate_C2H1O3

749431
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: demethylated antipyrine_C10H10N2O

747425
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)6-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine (protein)_C58H97N2O45X

756474
type: Reaction
product: 673953
product: 673941
reactant: 673929
reactant: 673918
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI345P3Pn Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.67 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [n] : h2o + pail345p_hs --> pail45p_hs + pi Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5728#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PTEN# proteins: NAME:phosphatase and tensin homolog (mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1), nuclear#ABBREVIATION:Pten.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Ono H, Katagiri H, Funaki M, Anai M, Inukai K, Fukushima Y, Sakoda H, Ogihara T, Onishi Y, Fujishiro M, Kikuchi M, Oka Y, Asano T#TITLE:Regulation of phosphoinositide metabolism, Akt phosphorylation, and glucose transport by PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes#JOURNAL:Mol Endocrinol#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11463863# AUTHORS:Irvine RF#TITLE:Nuclear lipid signalling#JOURNAL:Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12728269# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5728.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase, nuclear

673953
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748101

673941
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747951

747951
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H14O15P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

673929
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747931

747931
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H13O18P4FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

673918
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746617

753437
type: Reaction
product: 601752
product: 601739
reactant: 601727
reactant: 601715
notes: Abbreviation: R_3HLYTCL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.28 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : 34dhphe + h --> co2 + dopa Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_1644#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DDC#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.28# proteins: NAME:aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Ddc.1# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1644.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine carboxy-lyase

601752
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746010

746010
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dopamine_C8H12NO2

601739
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404

601727
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

601715
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744086

744086
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine_C9H11NO4

754583
type: Reaction
product: 629422
product: 629410
reactant: 629398
reactant: 629386
notes: Abbreviation: R_GBAl Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.2.1.45 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [l] : gluside_hs + h2o --> crm_hs + glc-D Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2629#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GBA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.21# LOCUS:_2629#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:GBA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.21# LOCUS:_2629#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:GBA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.21# LOCUS:_2629#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:GBA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.21# LOCUS:_2629#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GBA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.21# proteins: NAME:glucosidase, beta; acid (includes glucosylceramidase)#ABBREVIATION:Gba.1# NAME:glucosidase, beta; acid (includes glucosylceramidase)#ABBREVIATION:Gba.2# NAME:glucosidase, beta; acid (includes glucosylceramidase)#ABBREVIATION:Gba.3# NAME:glucosidase, beta; acid (includes glucosylceramidase)#ABBREVIATION:Gba.4# NAME:glucosidase, beta; acid (includes glucosylceramidase)#ABBREVIATION:Gba.5# citations: AUTHORS:Orvisky E, Park JK, Parker A, Walker JM, Martin BM, Stubblefield BK, Uyama E, Tayebi N, Sidransky E.#TITLE:The identification of eight novel glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations in patients with Gaucher disease.#JOURNAL:Hum Mutat#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11933202# AUTHORS:Tettamanti G, Bassi R, Viani P, Riboni L#TITLE:Salvage pathways in glycosphingolipid metabolism#JOURNAL:Biochimie#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Berrin JG, Czjzek M, Kroon PA, McLauchlan WR, Puigserver A, Williamson G, Juge N.#TITLE:Substrate (aglycone) specificity of human cytosolic beta-glucosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12667141# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2629.4) or (2629.1) or (2629.3) or (2629.2) or (2629.5)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Glucosylceramidase

629422
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746421

746421
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: D-Glucose_C6H12O6

629410
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745474

745474
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: ceramide (homo sapiens)_C18H36NO2FULLRCO

629398
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

629386
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746444

746444
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: glucocerebroside (homo sapiens)_C24H46NO7FULLRCO

755613
type: Reaction
product: 653756
product: 653744
reactant: 653732
reactant: 653720
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTD9e Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [e] : gmp + h2o --> gsn + pi Confidence Level: 2 Wide specificity for 5'-nucleotides Also see EC 3.1.3.31 genes: LOCUS:_4907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NT5E#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.5# proteins: NAME:_5'-nucleotidase, ecto (CD73) #ABBREVIATION:Nt5E.1-e# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4907.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5'-nucleotidase (GMP), extracellular

653756
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748093

653744
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746535

746535
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Guanosine_C10H13N5O5

653732
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609

653720
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746483

746483
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GMP_C10H12N5O8P

751947
type: Reaction
product: 566380
notes: Abbreviation: R_PIACGT Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.4.1.198 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [c] : pail_hs + uacgam --> acgpail_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5277#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGA# LOCUS:_8818#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DPM2# LOCUS:_5283#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGH# LOCUS:_51227#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DSCR5# LOCUS:_5277#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIGA# LOCUS:_51227#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:DSCR5# LOCUS:_8818#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:DPM2# LOCUS:_51227#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:DSCR5# LOCUS:_5277#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:PIGA# LOCUS:_5279#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGC# LOCUS:_5279#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIGC# LOCUS:_9091#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGQ# LOCUS:_9091#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIGQ# proteins: NAME:Down syndrome critical region gene 5#ABBREVIATION:Dscr5.1# NAME:Down syndrome critical region gene 5#ABBREVIATION:Dscr5.2# NAME:Down syndrome critical region gene 5#ABBREVIATION:Dscr5.3# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class A (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)#ABBREVIATION:Piga.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class A (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)#ABBREVIATION:Piga.2# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class A (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)#ABBREVIATION:Piga.3# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class C#ABBREVIATION:Pigc.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class C#ABBREVIATION:Pigc.2# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class Q#ABBREVIATION:Pigq.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class Q#ABBREVIATION:Pigq.2# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class H#ABBREVIATION:Pigh.1# NAME:dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 2, regulatory subunit #ABBREVIATION:Dpm2.1# NAME:dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 2, regulatory subunit #ABBREVIATION:Dpm2.2# citations: AUTHORS:Shibuya K, Kudoh J, Minoshima S, Kawasaki K, Asakawa S, Shimizu N#TITLE:Isolation of two novel genes, DSCR5 and DSCR6, from Down syndrome critical region on human chromoso…
product: 566404
fast: false
name: phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
product: 566393
reactant: 566355
reversible: false
reactant: 566367

566380
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744732

744732
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

566404
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748857

566393
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

566355
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747965

747965
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidylinositol (homo sapiens)_C9H16O9PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

566367
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748853

748853
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

751827
type: Reaction
reactant: 563415
reactant: 563391
product: 563451
notes: Abbreviation: R_COQ7m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ubiquinone Biosynthesis Equation: [m] : 2dp6mobq_me + h + nadph + o2 --> 2dpmhobq + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 _1.14.13.- IT genes: LOCUS:_10229#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COQ7# proteins: NAME:coenzyme Q7 homolog, ubiquinone (yeast) #ABBREVIATION:Coq7.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Kang DC, Takeshige K, Minakami S.#TITLE:An intermediate of ubiquinone biosynthesis exists in the microsomal fraction of HepG2 cells. #JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo).#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1965190# AUTHORS:Nambudiri AM, Ranganathan S, Rudney H#TITLE:The role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in the regulation of ubiquinone synthesis in human fibroblasts. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1980#PUBMED:7380842# AUTHORS:Szkopinska A.#TITLE:Ubiquinone. Biosynthesis of quinone ring and its isoprenoid side chain. Intracellular localization.#JOURNAL:Acta Biochim Pol. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11051212# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10229.1)
reversible: false
reactant: 563403
product: 563463
reactant: 563427
fast: false
product: 563439
name: Ubiquinone biosynthesis COQ7

563415
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703

747703
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - reduced_C21H26N7O17P3

563391
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744030

744030
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _2-Decaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone_C58H88O3

563451
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

563403
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

563463
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693

747693
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate_C21H25N7O17P3

563427
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799

747799
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: O2_O2

563439
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744032

744032
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _2-Decaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone_C58H88O4

746745
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: heptadecanoyl coa_C38H64N7O17P3S

744566
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: R total_CO2FULLR

748081
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phytanic acid_C20H39O2

745218
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cervonyl carnitine_C29H45NO4

755803
type: Reaction
reactant: 658227
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_5HTRPVESSEC Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (3) 5htrp[c] + (2) atp[c] + (2) h2o[c] --> (3) 5htrp[e] + (2) adp[c] + (2) h[c] + (2) pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB This reaction represents the ATP driven secretion of 5htrp from the cell. It leaves out the vesicle because that is not a compartment. ATP:H ratio is assumed as 1:3 for vacuolar ATPase and substrate:h ratio is 1:2. This gives a 3:2 ratio for substrate:ATP genes: LOCUS:_6571#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC18A2# LOCUS:_6570#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC18A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc18a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc18a2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Wagner CA, Finberg KE, Breton S, Marshansky V, Brown D, Geibel JP#TITLE:Renal vacuolar H+-ATPase#JOURNAL:Physiol Rev#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15383652# AUTHORS:Eiden LE, Schafer MK, Weihe E, Schutz B#TITLE:The vesicular amine transporter family (SLC18): amine/proton antiporters required for vesicular accumulation and regulated exocytotic secretion of monoamines and acetylcholine#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12827358# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6570.1) or (6571.1)
product: 658263
reactant: 658215
name: _5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan secretion via secretory vesicle (ATP driven)
product: 658251
reversible: false
product: 658288
product: 658276
reactant: 658239

658227
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745114

658263
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744818

658215
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 744382

658251
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 744384

744384
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan_C11H12N2O3

658288
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 748091

658276
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

658239
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

750745
type: Reaction
product: 537733
product: 537757
name: glutamine synthetase
product: 537769
product: 537745
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLNS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Glutamate metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + glu-L + nh4 --> adp + gln-L + h + pi Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_2752#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLUL#ECNUMBERS:6.3.1.2# LOCUS:_51557#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLULD1# proteins: NAME:glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase)#ABBREVIATION:Glul.1# NAME:glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase)#ABBREVIATION:Gluld1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Gibbs CS, Campbell KE, Wilson RH.#TITLE:Sequence of a human glutamine synthetase cDNA.#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:2888076# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2752.1) or (51557.1)
reversible: false
reactant: 537709
reactant: 537697
reactant: 537721
fast: false

537733
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

537757
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

537769
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

537745
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429

746429
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Glutamine_C5H10N2O3

537709
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

537697
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

537721
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721

746985
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 22_C132H214N9O111S5

750198
type: Reaction
product: 524646
reactant: 524634
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCFUCGALACGLCGALGLUSIDEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: fucfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[e] <==> fucfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport

524646
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746290

746290
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Leb glycolipid_C56H99N2O30FULLRCO

524634
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746291

746291
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Leb glycolipid_C56H99N2O30FULLRCO

748679
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Tetrahydrobiopterin_C9H15N5O3

757214
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_OCBTm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.1.3.3 SUBSYSTEM: Urea cycle/amino group metabolism Equation: [m] : cbp + orn --> citr-L + h + pi Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_5009#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:OTC#ECNUMBERS:2.1.3.3# proteins: NAME:ornithine carbamoyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Otc.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Horwich AL, Fenton WA, Williams KR, Kalousek F, Kraus JP, Doolittle RF, Konigsberg W, Rosenberg LE#TITLE:Structure and expression of a complementary DNA for the nuclear coded precursor of human mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamylase#JOURNAL:Science#YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6372096# AUTHORS:Dekaney CM, Wu G, Jaeger LA.#TITLE:Gene expression and activity of enzymes in the arginine biosynthetic pathway in porcine fetal small intestine.#JOURNAL:Pediatr Res#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12538786# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5009.1)
reactant: 691712
product: 691724
fast: false
name: ornithine carbamoyltransferase, irreversible
reactant: 691700
product: 691748
reversible: false
product: 691736

691712
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747899

747899
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Ornithine_C5H13N2O2

691724
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745358

745358
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Citrulline_C6H13N3O3

691700
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745258

745258
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Carbamoyl phosphate_CH2NO5P

691748
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099

748099
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Phosphate_HO4P

691736
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

750074
type: Reaction
product: 521678
product: 521666
reactant: 521653
reactant: 521641
notes: Abbreviation: R_AGDC Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.1.25 SUBSYSTEM: Aminosugar Metabolism Equation: [c] : acgam6p + h2o --> ac + gam6p Confidence Level: 2 acetylglucosamine phosphate deacetylase; acetylaminodeoxyglucosephosphate acetylhydrolase; 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate amidohydrolase genes: LOCUS:_51005#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CGI-14# proteins: NAME:CGI-14 protein#ABBREVIATION:Cgi-14.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (51005.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase

521678
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746373

746373
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate_C6H13NO8P

521666
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744622

521653
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

521641
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744706

744706
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate_C8H14NO9P

744722
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: nLc5Cer_C52H92N3O27FULLRCO

746361
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Gal-Gal-Gal-Gal-Gal-Glc-Cer (homo sapiens)_C54H96NO32FULLRCO

744516
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Histone N6-methyl-L-lysine_CXH4

749055
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _7-alpha,24(S)-Dihydroxycholesterol_C27H46O3

748031
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Peptidyl-L-lysine_XH

746747
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: heptadecanoyl carnitine_C24H47NO4

746833
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: heparan sulfate, precursor 5_C59H89N3O47X

747277
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: lignocericyl coenzyme A_C45H78N7O17P3S

752065
type: Reaction
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_S4TASE3ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.12 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cs_b + h2o <==> cs_b_deg1 + h + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_411#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ARSB#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.1# LOCUS:_411#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ARSB#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.1# proteins: NAME:arylsulfatase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Arsb.1-l# NAME:arylsulfatase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Arsb.2-l# citations: AUTHORS:Schuchman EH, Jackson CE, Desnick RJ#TITLE:Human arylsulfatase B: MOPAC cloning, nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA, and regions of amino acid identity with arylsulfatases A and C#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1968043# AUTHORS:Peters C, Schmidt B, Rommerskirch W, Rupp K, Zuhlsdorf M, Vingron M, Meyer HE, Pohlmann R, von Figura K#TITLE:Phylogenetic conservation of arylsulfatases. cDNA cloning and expression of human arylsulfatase B.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2303452# GENE ASSOCIATION: (411.1) or (411.2)
product: 569059
name: N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, lysosomal
reversible: true
reactant: 569035
product: 569047
reactant: 569023
product: 569071

569059
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

569035
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

569047
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745530

745530
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate B / dermatan sulfate (IdoA2S-GalNAc4S), degradation product 1_C45H67N2O46S3

569023
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745536

745536
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate B / dermatan sulfate (IdoA2S-GalNAc4S), free chain_C45H66N2O49S4

569071
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483

752531
type: Reaction
product: 580536
product: 580511
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_IMACTD_m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Histidine Metabolism Equation: [m] : h2o + im4act + nad --> (2) h + im4ac + nadh Confidence Level: 2 SAB 2 H's on RHS are there to balance--not certain genes: LOCUS:_8659#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH4A1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.12# LOCUS:_217#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_219#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_8659#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALDH4A1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.12# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial)#ABBREVIATION:Aldh2.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1b1.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh4a1.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh4a1.2-m# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (219.1) or (8659.1) or (217.1) or (8659.2)
fast: false
name: Imidazole acetaldeyde dehydrogenase (mito)
product: 580523
reactant: 580475
reactant: 580499
reactant: 580487

580536
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

580511
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746631

580523
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746901

746901
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Imidazole-4-acetate_C5H5N2O2

580475
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

580499
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

580487
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746905

746905
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Imidazole-4-acetaldehyde_C5H6N2O

750268
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_PACCOAL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.30 SUBSYSTEM: Phenylalanine metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + coa + pac --> amp + phaccoa + ppi Confidence Level: 2 JLR genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, Neil D. Clarke#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:2002# GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: phenylacetate-CoA ligase
product: 526285
reactant: 526249
fast: false
product: 526273
reversible: false
reactant: 526261
reactant: 526237
product: 526298

526285
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748051

748051
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phenylacetyl-CoA_C29H38N7O17P3S

526249
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

526273
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

526261
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747921

747921
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phenylacetic acid_C8H7O2

526237
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

526298
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

745994
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, human liver homolog_C1140H1868O90P10

749211
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: R total 2 position_CO2FULLR2

752411
type: Reaction
product: 577358
reactant: 577346
notes: Abbreviation: R_25HVITD2tin_DASH_m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: _25hvitd2[c] --> 25hvitd2[m] Confidence Level: 2 is found in blood --> subsequently has to be transported but how? based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.193 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _25-hydroxyvitamin D2 transport in mitochondria

577358
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744008

744008
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _25-Hydroxyvitamin D2_C28H44O2

577346
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744004

753217
type: Reaction
product: 596416
product: 596429
name: phospholipase A2
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_PLA2_2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.1.4 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + pchol_hs --> Rtotal2 + h + lpchol_hs Confidence Level: 4 phosphatidyl choline degradation NJ genes: LOCUS:_5320#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLA2G2A# LOCUS:_8398#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLA2G6# LOCUS:_8398#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PLA2G6# proteins: NAME:phospholipase A2, group VI (cytosolic, Ca independent)#ABBREVIATION:Pla2g6.1# NAME:phospholipase A2, group VI (cytosolic, Ca dependent)#ABBREVIATION:Pla2g6.2# NAME:phospholipase A2, groupIIA (platelets, synovial fluid)#ABBREVIATION:Pla2g2a.1# citations: AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Larsson PK, Claesson HE, Kennedy BP.#TITLE:Multiple splice variants of the human calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and their effect on enzyme activity.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9417066# AUTHORS:Nimmrich I, Friedl W, Kruse R, Pietsch S, Hentsch S, Deuter R, Winde G, Muller O.#TITLE:Loss of the PLA2G2A gene in a sporadic colorectal tumor of a patient with a PLA2G2A germline mutation and absence of PLA2G2A germline alterations in patients with FAP.#JOURNAL:Hum Genet#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9272153# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8398.1) or (5320.1) or (8398.2)
reactant: 596380
reactant: 596392
fast: false
product: 596404

596416
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

596429
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747353

747353
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: lysophosphatidylcholine (homo sapiens)_C8H19NO5PFULLRCO2

596380
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

596392
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747983

747983
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phosphatidylcholine (homo sapiens)_C8H18NO4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

596404
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744538

744538
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R total 2 position_CO2FULLR2

744724
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (Gal)3 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)3 (Cer)1_C66H115N4O37FULLRCO

752801
type: Reaction
product: 586867
product: 586855
reactant: 586843
reactant: 586831
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTD2l Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleic acid degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ump --> pi + uri Confidence Level: 4 Wide specificity for 5'-nucleotides Also see EC 3.1.3.31 IT genes: LOCUS:_53#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACP2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# proteins: NAME:acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Acp2.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:R.L. Pisoni#TITLE:Lysosomal Nucleic Acid and Phosphate Metabolism and Related Metabolic Reactions, Chapter 9#YEAR:1996# GENE ASSOCIATION: (53.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5'-nucleotidase (UMP), lysosome

586867
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748939

748939
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Uridine_C9H12N2O6

586855
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748097

748097
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Phosphate_HO4P

586843
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748907

748907
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: UMP_C9H11N2O9P

586831
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

753887
type: Reaction
product: 612588
reactant: 612564
reactant: 612576
notes: Abbreviation: R_PEAMNO Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.3.6 SUBSYSTEM: Phenylalanine metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + o2 + peamn --> h2o2 + nh4 + pacald Confidence Level: 2 JLR- Kegg reaction R02613 genes: LOCUS:_4129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAOB#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.4# LOCUS:_4128#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAOA#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.4# LOCUS:_314#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AOC2#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.6# LOCUS:_26#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABP1#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.6# LOCUS:_314#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AOC2# proteins: NAME:amiloride binding protein 1 (amine oxidase (copper-containing))#ABBREVIATION:Abp1.1# NAME:amine oxidase, copper containing 2#ABBREVIATION:Aoc2.1# NAME:amine oxidase, copper containing 2#ABBREVIATION:Aoc2.2# NAME:monoamine oxidase A#ABBREVIATION:MaoA.1# NAME:monoamine oxidase B#ABBREVIATION:MaoB.1# citations: AUTHORS:Smith DJ, Salmi M, Bono P, Hellman J, Leu T, Jalkanen S.#TITLE:Cloning of vascular adhesion protein 1 reveals a novel multifunctional adhesion molecule#JOURNAL: J Exp Med#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9653080# AUTHORS:Lyles GA#TITLE:Mammalian plasma and tissue-bound semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases: biochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects#JOURNAL:Int J Biochem Cell Biol#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8920635# AUTHORS:Buffoni F, Ignesti G#TITLE:Biochemical aspects and functional role of the copper-containing amine oxidases#JOURNAL:Inflammopharmacology#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:15035803# AUTHORS: Shih JC, Chen K, Ridd MJ#TITLE:Role of MAO A and B in neurotransmitter metabolism and behavior#JOURNAL:Pol J Pharmacol#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10389141# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4129.1) or (26.1) or (4128.1) or (314.1) or (314.2)
product: 612600
name: Phenethylamine oxidase
fast: false
product: 612612
reactant: 612552
reversible: false

612588
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

612564
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

612576
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748021

748021
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phenethylamine_C8H12N

612600
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721

612612
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747923

747923
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phenylacetaldehyde_C8H8O

612552
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

752135
type: Reaction
product: 570767
reactant: 570755
notes: Abbreviation: R_HTAXOLte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: htaxol[e] <==> htaxol[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, related cyp P450 metabolism reactions NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport

570767
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746849

746849
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: hydroxylated taxol_C47H31NO15

570755
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746851

746851
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hydroxylated taxol_C47H31NO15

747279
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: lignocericyl coenzyme A_C45H78N7O17P3S

753407
type: Reaction
reactant: 600755
fast: false
name: cytochrome P450 2A6
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4502A6 Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: CYP Metabolism Equation: [c] : coumarin + h + nadph + o2 --> h2o + hcoumarin + nadp Confidence Level: 4 coumarin: 7 hydroxylation assumed to take place on outer membrane - xenobiotic metabolism NJ genes: LOCUS:_1553#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2A13#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# LOCUS:_1548#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2A6#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 13#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2a13.1# NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 6#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2a6.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lewis DF.#TITLE:_57 varieties: the human cytochromes P450.#JOURNAL:Pharmacogenomics#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15579107# AUTHORS:Oscarson M, Gullsten H, Rautio A, Bernal ML, Sinues B, Dahl ML, Stengard JH, Pelkonen O, Raunio H, Ingelman-Sundberg M.#TITLE:Genotyping of human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), a nicotine C-oxidase.#JOURNAL:FEBS Let#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9827545# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1553.1) or (1548.1)
product: 600817
product: 600792
reversible: false
reactant: 600767
reactant: 600779
reactant: 600743
product: 600804

600755
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

600817
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

600792
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

600767
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

600779
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

600743
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745458

745458
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: coumarin_C9H6O2

600804
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746653

746653
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: hydroxy coumarin_C9H6O3

752015
type: Reaction
product: 568002
reactant: 567990
notes: Abbreviation: R_LIMNENte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: limnen[e] <==> limnen[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, xenobiotic transport (original and metabolized) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport

568002
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747289

747289
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Limonene_C10H16

567990
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747291

747291
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Limonene_C10H16

755083
type: Reaction
product: 641517
product: 641505
reactant: 641493
reactant: 641481
notes: Abbreviation: R_UMPK2n Synonyms: _9 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : ctp + ump <==> cdp + udp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: UMP kinase (CTP),nuclear

641517
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748867

748867
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2

641505
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745272

745272
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: CDP_C9H12N3O11P2

641493
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748911

748911
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: UMP_C9H11N2O9P

641481
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745648

745648
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: CTP_C9H12N3O14P3

754845
type: Reaction
product: 635688
reactant: 635676
product: 635700
name: L-Cystine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYSLYSL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.4.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: [c] : Lcystin + h2o --> nh4 + pyr + thcys Confidence Level: 4 according to reaction in KEGG MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Stipanuk MH#TITLE:Sulfur amino acid metabolism: pathways for production and removal of homocysteine and cysteine#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15189131# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 635664
product: 635712
reversible: false
fast: false

635688
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721

635676
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

635700
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748303

635664
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744498

744498
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Cystine_C6H12N2O4S2

635712
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748695

748695
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Thiocysteine_C3H7NO2S2

757307
type: Reaction
product: 693968
reactant: 693956
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_4abut_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 4abut <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _4-Aminobutanoate exchange

693968
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749163

749163
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4-Aminobutanoate_C4H9NO2

693956
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744240

744240
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4-Aminobutanoate_C4H9NO2

748909
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: UMP_C9H11N2O9P

745136
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Crotonoyl-CoA_C25H36N7O17P3S

751057
type: Reaction
product: 544874
product: 544886
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLPMT3_Uer Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.4.1.130 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolmanp_U + (0.1) m6mpdol_U --> (0.1) dolp_U + h + (0.1) m7mpdol_U Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_79087#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALG12# proteins: NAME:alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Alg12.1-er# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (79087.1)
fast: false
product: 544898
reactant: 544850
reactant: 544862
name: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-glycolipid alpha-mannosyltransferase (uterus)
reversible: false

544874
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746008

746008
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichol phosphate, human uterine homolog_C1025H1670O40P10

544886
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

544898
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747443

747443
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-Mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human uterine homolog_C1665H2740N20O570P20

544850
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746000

746000
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, human uterine homolog_C1085H1780O90P10

544862
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747431

747431
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-Mannosyl)6-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human uterine homolog_C1605H2640N20O520P20

756590
type: Reaction
product: 676771
product: 676759
reactant: 676747
reactant: 676735
notes: Abbreviation: R_3HCO3_NAt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (3) hco3[e] + na1[e] <==> (3) hco3[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_8671#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A4# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 4, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a4.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.2-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.3-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.4-e# citations: AUTHORS:Romero MF, Fulton CM, Boron WF.#TITLE:The SLC4 family of HCO 3 - transporters.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14722772# GENE ASSOCIATION: (57835.3) or (8671.1) or (57835.2) or (57835.1) or (57835.4)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: bicarbonate transport (Na/HCO3 1:3 cotransport)

676771
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

676759
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746647

746647
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Bicarbonate_CHO3

676747
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659

676735
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746649

746649
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Bicarbonate_CHO3

750130
type: Reaction
product: 523072
reactant: 523059
notes: Abbreviation: R_THYMDt1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: thymd[e] --> thymd[c] Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_2030#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A1# LOCUS:_3177#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Ward JL, Sherali A, Mo ZP, Tse CM.#TITLE:Kinetic and pharmacological properties of cloned human equilibrative nucleoside transporters, ENT1 and ENT2, stably expressed in nucleoside transporter-deficient PK15 cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10722669# AUTHORS:Brown NS, Bicknell R.#TITLE:Thymidine phosphorylase, 2-deoxy-D-ribose and angiogenesis#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9693094# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3177.1) or (2030.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: thymd transport

523072
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748739

748739
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Thymidine_C10H14N2O5

523059
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748741

744128
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Dehydrosphinganine_C18H38NO2

745014
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: P1,P4-Bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate_C20H24N10O19P4

744464
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: heptaglutamyl folate (THF)_C49H57N13O24

757076
type: Reaction
product: 688556
reactant: 688544
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCGALFUCGALACGLCGALGLUSIDEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: fucgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[e] <==> fucgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport

688556
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746301

746301
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (Gal)3 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C62H109N2O35FULLRCO

688544
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746302

755986
type: Reaction
product: 662695
reactant: 662683
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_aflatoxin_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : aflatoxin <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: aflatoxin B1 exchange

662695
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749265

749265
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: aflatoxin B1_C17H12O6

662683
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744868

744794
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: O-Acetylcarnitine_C9H17NO4

746853
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hypoxanthine_C5H4N4O

749637
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: keratan sulfate II (core 2-linked)_C81H129N6O67S3X

744620
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Acetyl-ACP_C13H23N2O8PRS

746396
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GD3 (homo sapiens)_C52H88N3O28FULLRCO

754549
type: Reaction
reactant: 628672
reversible: false
product: 628721
reactant: 628685
product: 628697
name: Steryl-sulfatase
notes: Abbreviation: R_STS3r Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.6.2 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : chsterols + h2o --> chsterol + h + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_412#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:STS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.2# proteins: NAME:steroid sulfatase (microsomal), arylsulfatase C#ABBREVIATION:Sts.1# citations: AUTHORS:Stein C, Hille A, Seidel J, Rijnbout S, Waheed A, Schmidt B, Geuze H, von Figura K.#TITLE:Cloning and expression of human steroid-sulfatase. Membrane topology, glycosylation, and subcellular distribution in BHK-21 cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2668275# AUTHORS:Migeon BR, Shapiro LJ, Norum RA, Mohandas T, Axelman J, Dabora RL.#TITLE:Abstract Differential expression of steroid sulphatase locus on active and inactive human X chromosome.#JOURNAL:Nature#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6957717# GENE ASSOCIATION: (412.1)
product: 628709
fast: false

628672
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745342

745342
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: cholesterol sulfate_C27H45O4S

628721
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748487

748487
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Sulfate_O4S

628685
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619

746619
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: H2O_H2O

628697
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745338

745338
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Cholesterol_C27H46O

628709
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

744672
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha GalNAc globoside (homo sapiens)_C52H92N3O27FULLRCO

753351
type: Reaction
product: 599464
reactant: 599452
notes: Abbreviation: R_GD1Ctg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: gd1c_hs[c] <==> gd1c_hs[g] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - intracellular transport occurs, most details are unknown - see for example Varki glycobiology text or numerous reviews (PMID: 8206147) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Sandhoff K, Klein A.#TITLE:Intracellular trafficking of glycosphingolipids: role of sphingolipid activator proteins in the topology of endocytosis and lysosomal digestion.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8206147# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: gd1c_hs intracellular transport

599464
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746394

746394
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GD1c (homo sapiens)_C66H111N4O38FULLRCO

599452
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746392

746392
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GD1c (homo sapiens)_C66H111N4O38FULLRCO

756348
type: Reaction
product: 671096
reactant: 671084
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_yvite_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : yvite <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: gamma-Tocopherol exchange

671096
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749958

749958
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: gamma-Tocopherol_C28H48O2

671084
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749109

749109
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: gamma-Tocopherol_C28H48O2

749515
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (Gal)6 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)3 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C96H165N4O60FULLRCO

754577
type: Reaction
product: 629278
reactant: 629266
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_hestratriol_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : hestratriol <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _4,17 dihydroxy estradiol exchange

629278
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749597

749597
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4,17 dihydroxy estradiol_C18H24O3

629266
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746693

746693
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4,17 dihydroxy estradiol_C18H24O3

746318
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: alpha-D-Glucosyl-(alpha-D-mannosyl)8-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human uterine homolog_C1785H2940N20O670P20

748951
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: UTP_C9H11N2O15P3

747509
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (mannosyl),(phosphoethanolaminyl)-mannosyl-glucosylaminyl-acylphosphatidylinositol (B)_C45H84N2O27P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

747145
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate II biosynthesis, precursor 1_C33H53N3O23X

754789
type: Reaction
product: 634268
notes: Abbreviation: R_AHANDROSTANGLCte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ahandrostanglc[c] + atp[c] + h2o[c] --> adp[c] + ahandrostanglc[e] + h[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 2 for MDR transport NJ genes: LOCUS:_4363#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABCC1.1# proteins: NAME:ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 1#ABBREVIATION:ABCC1.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4363.1)
product: 634280
reactant: 634232
reactant: 634244
product: 634256
reactant: 634220
reversible: false
fast: false
name: glucuronidated compound transport
product: 634292

634268
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744876

744876
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Etiocholan-3alpha-ol-17-one 3-glucuronide_C25H38O8

634280
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

634232
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

634244
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

634256
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

634220
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744874

744874
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Etiocholan-3alpha-ol-17-one 3-glucuronide_C25H38O8

634292
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

747955
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H15O12P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

747197
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid_C10H6NO3

753595
type: Reaction
product: 605273
reactant: 605261
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETTET6t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: tettet6[e] <==> tettet6[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion

605273
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748661

748661
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: tetracosatetraenoic acid n-6_C24H39O2

605261
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748663

748663
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: tetracosatetraenoic acid n-6_C24H39O2

752967
type: Reaction
reactant: 590695
name: glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD) (mitochondrial)
fast: false
reactant: 590671
product: 590707
reactant: 590683
product: 590731
product: 590719
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLUDxm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Glutamate metabolism Equation: [m] : glu-L + h2o + nad <==> akg + h + nadh + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_2746#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLUD1#ECNUMBERS:1.4.1.3# LOCUS:_2747#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLUD2# proteins: NAME:glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Glud1.1-m# NAME:glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Glud2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Jie FANG , Betty Y. L. HSU , Courtney M. MACMULLEN , Mortimer PONCZ , Thomas J. SMITH and Charles A. STANLEY#TITLE:Expression, purification and characterization of human glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) allosteric regulatory mutations #YEAR:2002# AUTHORS:Zaganas I, Spanaki C, Karpusas M, Plaitakis A.#TITLE:Substitution of Ser for Arg-443 in the regulatory domain of human housekeeping (GLUD1) glutamate dehydrogenase virtually abolishes basal activity and markedly alters the activation of the enzyme by ADP and L-leucine.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12324473# AUTHORS:Mavrothalassitis G, Tzimagiorgis G, Mitsialis A, Zannis V, Plaitakis A, Papamatheakis J, Moschonas N.#TITLE:Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding human liver glutamate dehydrogenase: evidence for a small gene family. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3368458# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2747.1) or (2746.1)
product: 590743
reversible: true

590695
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

590671
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438

590707
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916

590683
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

590731
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

590719
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

590743
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747725

747725
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Ammonium_H4N

747385
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)2-beta-D-mannosyl-N-acetylglucosamine_C26H45NO21

749131
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _13-cis-retinoyl glucuronide_C26H35O8

747717
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nicotinamide_C6H6N2O

757024
type: Reaction
reactant: 687215
product: 687251
notes: Abbreviation: R_SGPL12r Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 4.1.2.27 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [r] : h2o + sphs1p --> ethamp + h + hdca Confidence Level: 2 SGPL1 gene as per GeneCards states that hexadecanal is produced - the only way to do this and to maintain charge balance would be to have H2 gas as substrate - remarkably implausible. Due to lack of information to indicate otherwise, added water to breakdown components into ethamp and palmitate NJ genes: LOCUS:_8879#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SGPL1# proteins: NAME:sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Sgpl.1# citations: AUTHORS:Van Veldhoven PP, Gijsbers S, Mannaerts GP, Vermeesch JR, Brys V.#TITLE:Human sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase: cDNA cloning, functional expression studies and mapping to chromosome 10q22(1).#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11018465# AUTHORS:Reiss U, Oskouian B, Zhou J, Gupta V, Sooriyakumaran P, Kelly S, Wang E, Merrill AH Jr, Saba JD.#TITLE:Sphingosine-phosphate lyase enhances stress-induced ceramide generation and apoptosis.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14570870# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8879.1)
name: Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase
reactant: 687203
fast: false
product: 687239
product: 687227
reversible: false

687215
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748519

748519
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Sphingosine 1-phosphate_C18H37NO5P

687251
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746663

687203
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619

687239
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

687227
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746194

746194
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Ethanolamine phosphate_C2H7NO4P

750825
type: Reaction
product: 539572
reactant: 539560
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_man_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : man <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Mannose exchange

539572
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749675

749675
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Mannose_C6H12O6

539560
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747493

747493
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Mannose_C6H12O6

747957
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H15O12P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

745034
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (+)-alpha-Pinene_C10H16

754113
type: Reaction
product: 618035
reactant: 618023
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2O2t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: h2o2[e] <==> h2o2[c] Confidence Level: 2 AMF genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ohno Y, Gallin JI. #TITLE:Diffusion of extracellular hydrogen peroxide into intracellular compartments of human neutrophils. Studies utilizing the inactivation of myeloperoxidase by hydrogen peroxide and azide.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2989289# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: hydrogen peroxide transport via diffusion

618035
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

618023
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746597

746597
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Hydrogen peroxide_H2O2

754439
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 626210
reversible: false
reactant: 626183
product: 626224
product: 626196
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4503A43r Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : h + nadph + o2 + tststerone --> h2o + nadp + whtststerone Confidence Level: 2 omega hydroxylation of testosterone NJ genes: LOCUS:_64816#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP3A43#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# LOCUS:_64816#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CYP3A43#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# LOCUS:_64816#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CYP3A43#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Cyp3a43.1# NAME:cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Cyp3a43.2# NAME:cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Cyp3a43.3# citations: AUTHORS:Lewis DF.#TITLE:_57 varieties: the human cytochromes P450.#JOURNAL:Pharmacogenomics#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15579107# GENE ASSOCIATION: (64816.1) or (64816.3) or (64816.2)
reactant: 626157
name: cytochrome p450 P450 3A43
reactant: 626170
reactant: 626144

626210
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697

747697
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate_C21H25N7O17P3

626183
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748803

748803
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Testosterone_C19H28O2

626224
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748997

748997
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: w hydroxy testosterone_C19H28O3

626196
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619

626157
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747707

747707
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - reduced_C21H26N7O17P3

626170
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747803

747803
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: O2_O2

626144
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

755351
type: Reaction
product: 647695
reactant: 647683
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_35cgmp_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 35cgmp <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _3',5'-Cyclic GMP exchange

647695
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749155

749155
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _3',5'-Cyclic GMP_C10H11N5O7P

647683
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744098

744098
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _3',5'-Cyclic GMP_C10H11N5O7P

746685
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl carnitine_C23H43NO4

752405
type: Reaction
product: 577261
reactant: 577249
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACALDtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: acald[x] <==> acald[c] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Salway, JG#TITLE:Metabolism at a Glance, 2nd ed#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acetaldehyde peroxisomal diffusion

577261
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744638

744638
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Acetaldehyde_C2H4O

577249
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744646

744646
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Acetaldehyde_C2H4O

744026
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _2-Decaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol_C57H88O2

749379
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Cytosine_C4H5N3O

753131
type: Reaction
product: 594635
reactant: 594623
notes: Abbreviation: R_TSTSTERONEtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: tststerone[r] <==> tststerone[c] Confidence Level: 2 specific mechanism not known, proton dependence for trans-mit transport has been suggested, however directionality and stoichiometry has not yet been elucidated. see PMID: 12770731 and others NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: testosterone intracellular transport

594635
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748801

748801
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Testosterone_C19H28O2

594623
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748803

752503
type: Reaction
product: 579748
product: 579736
reactant: 579724
reactant: 579712
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACGPID Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.5.1.89 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [c] : acgpail_hs + h2o --> ac + gpail_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_9487#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGL# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class L#ABBREVIATION:Pigl.1# citations: AUTHORS:Pottekat A, Menon AK#TITLE:Subcellular localization and targeting of N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase, the second enzyme in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthetic pathway#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14742432# AUTHORS:Watanabe R, Ohishi K, Maeda Y, Nakamura N, Kinoshita T#TITLE:Mammalian PIG-L and its yeast homologue Gpi12p are N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylases essential in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10085243# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9487.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol deacetylase

579748
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746507

746507
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

579736
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744622

579724
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

579712
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744732

756128
type: Reaction
product: 665837
reactant: 665825
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETTET6CRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: tettet6crn[c] --> tettet6crn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: transport into the mitochondria (carnitine)

665837
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748673

748673
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Tetracosatetraenoyl carnitine_C31H53NO4

665825
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748671

748671
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Tetracosatetraenoyl carnitine_C31H53NO4

757126
type: Reaction
product: 689735
reactant: 689723
notes: Abbreviation: R_OCCOAtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: occoa[c] --> occoa[m] Confidence Level: 0 TDV genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Octanoyl-CoA transport, diffusion

689735
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747837

747837
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Octanoyl-CoA (n-C8:0CoA)_C29H46N7O17P3S

689723
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747835

747835
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Octanoyl-CoA (n-C8:0CoA)_C29H46N7O17P3S

751581
type: Reaction
name: _3-(4-hydroxyphenyl-)lactate formation
notes: Abbreviation: R_34HPLFM Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ubiquinone Biosynthesis Equation: [m] : 34hpp + h + nadh --> 34hpl + nad Confidence Level: 2 IT reaction involved in formation of 4-hydroxybenzoate from tyrosine. genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Meganathan R.#TITLE:Ubiquinone biosynthesis in microorganisms.#JOURNAL:FEMS Microbiol Lett. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11583838# AUTHORS:Loscher R, Heide L.#TITLE:Biosynthesis of p-Hydroxybenzoate from p-Coumarate and p-Coumaroyl-Coenzyme A in Cell-Free Extracts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Cell Cultures. #JOURNAL:Plant Physiol.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:12232327# AUTHORS:Booth, A. N., Masri, M. S., Robbins, D. J., Emerson, O. H., Jones, F. T. & DeEds, F.#TITLE:Urinary Phenolic Acid Metabolites of Tyrosine#JOURNAL:J. Biol. Chem#YEAR:1960# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 557534
product: 557571
product: 557559
reversible: false
reactant: 557547
fast: false
reactant: 557522

557534
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

557571
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

557559
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744090

744090
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactate_C9H9O4

557547
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

557522
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744094

744094
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate_C9H7O4

744078
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol_C8H10O4

746563
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Oxidized glutathione_C20H30N6O12S2

751423
type: Reaction
product: 553677
reactant: 553665
notes: Abbreviation: R_XOL27OHtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: xol27oh[r] <==> xol27oh[m] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _27 hydroxy cholesterol transport

553677
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749013

749013
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _27-Hydroxycholesterol_C27H46O2

553665
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749015

749015
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _27-Hydroxycholesterol_C27H46O2

755703
type: Reaction
name: Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GALT42g Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.4.1.62 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : gm2_hs + udpgal --> gm1_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_8705#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT4# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 4#ABBREVIATION:B3galt4.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Amado M, Almeida R, Carneiro F, Levery ST, Holmes EH, Nomoto M, Hollingsworth MA, Hassan H, Schwientek T, Nielsen PA, Bennett EP, Clausen H#TITLE:A family of human beta3-galactosyltransferases#JOURNAL:The Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8705.1)
product: 655878
reactant: 655854
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 655890
reactant: 655866
product: 655902

655878
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746476

746476
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: ganglioside GM1 (homo sapiens)_C55H95N3O30FULLRCO

655854
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746479

746479
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: ganglioside GM2 (homo sapiens)_C49H85N3O25FULLRCO

655890
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

655866
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887

748887
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: UDPgalactose_C15H22N2O17P2

655902
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

747093
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 31_C227H363N16O189S9X

756612
type: Reaction
product: 677374
product: 677362
reactant: 677350
reactant: 677338
notes: Abbreviation: R_C181CPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + odecrn --> crn + odecoa Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_1376#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# proteins: NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Cpt2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Finocchiaro G, Taroni F, Rocchi M, Martin AL, Colombo I, Tarelli GT, DiDonato S. #TITLE:cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the gene for human carnitine palmitoyltransferase. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1988962# AUTHORS:Taroni F, Verderio E, Fiorucci S, Cavadini P, Finocchiaro G, Uziel G, Lamantea E, Gellera C, DiDonato S.#TITLE:Molecular characterization of inherited carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1528846# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1376.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine octadecenoyl transferase

677374
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747867

747867
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Octadecenoyl-CoA (n-C18:1CoA)_C39H64N7O17P3S

677362
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486

745486
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3

677350
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747873

747873
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: octadecenoyl carnitine_C25H47NO4

677338
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

747735
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nicotinate D-ribonucleotide_C11H12NO9P

749535
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Glutamine_C5H10N2O3

752009
type: Reaction
product: 567856
reactant: 567844
reactant: 567831
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALOX15 Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 1.13.11.33 SUBSYSTEM: Eicosanoid Metabolism Equation: [c] : arachd + o2 --> 15HPET Confidence Level: 4 Converts arachidonic acid to 15S-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Also acts on C-12 of arachidonate as well as on linoleic acid. NJ genes: LOCUS:_246#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALOX15#ECNUMBERS:1.13.11.33# LOCUS:_247#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALOX15B# proteins: NAME:arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, second type#ABBREVIATION:Alox15b.1# NAME:arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase#ABBREVIATION:Alox15.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# TITLE:Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Tang S, Bhatia B, Maldonado CJ, Yang P, Newman RA, Liu J, Chandra D, Traag J, Klein RD, Fischer SM, Chopra D, Shen J, Zhau HE, Chung LW, Tang DG.#TITLE:Evidence that arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase 2 is a negative cell cycle regulator in normal prostate epithelial cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11839751# GENE ASSOCIATION: (247.1) or (246.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase

567856
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743942

743942
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _15-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid_C20H31O4

567844
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

567831
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745066

745066
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: arachidonic acid_C20H31O2

746288
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (Gal)3 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)2 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C70H122N3O40FULLRCO

754721
type: Reaction
product: 632555
reactant: 632543
notes: Abbreviation: R_COAtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: coa[c] <==> coa[r] Confidence Level: 1 diffusion NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: COA transporter, endoplasmic reticulum

632555
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745432

745432
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S

632543
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

744234
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Acetamidobutanoate_C6H10NO3

747787
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nervonyl carnitine_C31H59NO4

750557
type: Reaction
product: 533470
reactant: 533458
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_fuc14galacglcgalgluside_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : fuc14galacglcgalgluside_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Lea glycolipid exchange

533470
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749481

749481
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Lea glycolipid_C50H89N2O26FULLRCO

533458
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746259

746259
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Lea glycolipid_C50H89N2O26FULLRCO

755257
type: Reaction
product: 645625
reactant: 645577
reversible: false
name: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD, L-glutamate forming), mitochondrial
reactant: 645589
product: 645637
notes: Abbreviation: R_SACCD4m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.5.1.10 SUBSYSTEM: Lysine Metabolism Equation: [m] : h2o + nadp + saccrp-L --> L2aadp6sa + glu-L + h + nadph Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_10157#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AASS# proteins: NAME:aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Aass.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Sacksteder,K.A., Biery,B.J., Morrell,J.C., Goodman,B.K., Geisbrecht,B.V., Cox,R.P., Gould,S.J., Geraghty,M.T., #TITLE:Identification of the alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase gene, which is defective in familial hyperlysinemia.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10775527# AUTHORS:Cox, RP#TITLE:Errors of lysine metabolism#JOURNAL:The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, 8th ed#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10157.1)
reactant: 645565
product: 645601
fast: false
product: 645613

645625
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

645577
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693

645589
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748415

748415
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Saccharopine_C11H19N2O6

645637
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703

645565
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

645601
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744486

744486
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-2-Aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde_C6H11NO3

645613
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438

751085
type: Reaction
product: 545504
product: 545492
reactant: 545480
reactant: 545468
notes: Abbreviation: R_CAT2p Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.11.1.6 SUBSYSTEM: Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Equation: [x] : etoh + h2o2 --> acald + (2) h2o Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_847#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CAT#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.6# proteins: NAME:catalase#ABBREVIATION:Cat.1-x# citations: AUTHORS:Salway, JG#TITLE:Metabolism at a Glance, 2nd ed#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (847.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: catalase A, peroxisomal (ethanol)

545504
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746621

746621
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: H2O_H2O

545492
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744646

545480
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746605

746605
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Hydrogen peroxide_H2O2

545468
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746200

746200
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Ethanol_C2H6O

755207
type: Reaction
reactant: 644409
reactant: 644421
product: 644457
product: 644433
product: 644445
reversible: false
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_AG13T11g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre21 + uacgam --> h + ksi_pre22 + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_11041#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT6# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_284208#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNTL1# LOCUS:_93010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT7# LOCUS:_79369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT4# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1#ABBREVIATION:B3gntl1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt4.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K#TITLE:Identification and characterization of three novel beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the beta 1,3-galactosyltransferas…
name: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus

644409
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747071

747071
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 21_C177H284N12O145S6X

644421
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

644457
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

644433
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

644445
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747073

747073
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 22_C185H297N13O150S6X

754817
type: Reaction
product: 634962
reactant: 634950
notes: Abbreviation: R_PPM Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.4.2.7 SUBSYSTEM: Pentose Phosphate Pathway Equation: [c] : r1p <==> r5p Confidence Level: 0 genes: LOCUS:_5236#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PGM1#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.2# proteins: NAME:phosphoglucomutase 1#ABBREVIATION:Pgm1.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (5236.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: phosphopentomutase

634962
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748323

748323
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-D-Ribose 5-phosphate_C5H9O8P

634950
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748321

748321
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate_C5H9O8P

754807
type: Reaction
product: 634716
product: 634704
reactant: 634692
reactant: 634680
notes: Abbreviation: R_PMEVKx Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.2 SUBSYSTEM: Cholesterol Metabolism Equation: [x] : 5pmev + atp --> 5dpmev + adp Confidence Level: 4 peroxisomal version - NJ genes: LOCUS:_10654#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PMVK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.2# proteins: NAME:phosphomevalonate kinase#ABBREVIATION:Pmvk.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Olivier LM, Krisans SK#TITLE:Peroxisomal protein targeting and identification of peroxisomal targeting signals in cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes#JOURNAL:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta#YEAR:2000# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10654.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: phosphomevalonate kinase

634716
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744828

744828
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: ADP_C10H12N5O10P2

634704
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744358

744358
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: (R)-5-Diphosphomevalonate_C6H10O10P2

634692
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745124

745124
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3

634680
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744404

744404
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: (R)-5-Phosphomevalonate_C6H10O7P

745408
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: CO2_CO2

747737
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Nicotinate D-ribonucleotide_C11H12NO9P

748847
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Tyrosine_C9H11NO3

747823
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _9-O-Acetylated GD3 (homo sapiens)_C54H90N3O29FULLRCO

755413
type: Reaction
reactant: 649138
reactant: 649126
notes: Abbreviation: R_ORNt4m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: citr-L[c] + h[c] + orn[m] <==> citr-L[m] + h[m] + orn[c] Confidence Level: 4 TDV (ornithine carrier) genes: LOCUS:_83884#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A2# LOCUS:_10166#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A15# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; ornithine transporter) member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a2.1-m# NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; ornithine transporter) member 15#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a15.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10166.1) or (83884.1)
product: 649174
product: 649162
reversible: true
product: 649186
reactant: 649150
name: ornithine mitochondrial transport exchange with citruline
fast: false

649138
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

649126
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745356

745356
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Citrulline_C6H13N3O3

649174
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

649162
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745358

649186
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747895

747895
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Ornithine_C5H13N2O2

649150
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747899

756714
type: Reaction
product: 679761
reactant: 679749
notes: Abbreviation: R_METtec Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: met-L[e] <==> met-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_124935#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A2# LOCUS:_8501#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bodoy S, Martin L, Zorzano A, Palacin M, Estevez R, Bertran J#TITLE:Identification of LAT4, a novel amino acid transporter with system L activity#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15659399# AUTHORS:Babu E, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Kim do K, Iribe Y, Tangtrongsup S, Jutabha P, Li Y, Ahmed N, Sakamoto S, Anzai N, Nagamori S, Endou H#TITLE:Identification of a novel system L amino acid transporter structurally distinct from heterodimeric amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12930836# AUTHORS:Hediger MA, Romero MF, Peng JB, Rolfs A, Takanaga H, Bruford EA#TITLE:The ABCs of solute carriers: physiological, pathological and therapeutic implications of human membrane transport proteinsIntroduction#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14624363# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8501.1) or (124935.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-methionine transport via diffusion (extracellular to cytosol)

679761
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747537

679749
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747539

752349
type: Reaction
product: 575835
reactant: 575823
notes: Abbreviation: R_GD1Cte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: gd1c_hs[c] <==> gd1c_hs[e] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - intracellular transport occurs, most details are unknown - see for example Varki glycobiology text or numerous reviews (PMID: 8206147) - extracellular transport is also made available since metabolites can get to outer plasma membrane NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: gd1c_hs transport

575835
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746393

746393
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GD1c (homo sapiens)_C66H111N4O38FULLRCO

575823
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746392

745096
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Asparagine_C4H8N2O3

753787
type: Reaction
product: 610095
reactant: 610083
notes: Abbreviation: R_PRISTCOAtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: pristcoa[x] <==> pristcoa[c] Confidence Level: 0 Mechanism not known, see PMID 11591435 for justification. NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: pristcoa peroxisomal transport

610095
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748193

748193
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: pristanoyl coa_C40H68N7O17P3S

610083
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748195

748195
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: pristanoyl coa_C40H68N7O17P3S

751155
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_S23T3g Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.99.6 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cmpacna + l2fn2m2masn --> cmp + h + ksi_pre1 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ST3GAL3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:10#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:11#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:9#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:6#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:8#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:7#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# proteins: NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.1-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.10-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.11-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.2-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.3-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.4-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.5-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.6-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.7-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.8-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.9-g# cit…
product: 547153
reactant: 547117
reactant: 547129
fast: false
product: 547165
product: 547141
reversible: false
name: beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (complex N-glycan)

547153
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

547117
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396

547129
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747199

747199
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854

547165
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747067

747067
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 1_C79H129N5O57X

547141
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386

752739
type: Reaction
product: 585253
product: 585241
reactant: 585229
reactant: 585217
notes: Abbreviation: R_NDPK6n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.6 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : atp + dudp <==> adp + dutp Confidence Level: 4 Many nucleoside diphosphates (eight described) can act as acceptors. While many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donors, only ATP is chosen as a donor to minimize the number of total reactions. genes: LOCUS:_4831#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME2# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME1# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NME1# proteins: NAME:Nucleosinde diphosphate kinase AB, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:NME12_n.1# NAME:Nucleosinde diphosphate kinase AB, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:NME12_n.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4831.1 and 4830.1) or (4830.2 and 4831.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (ATP:dUDP), nuclear

585253
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746086

746086
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dUTP_C9H11N2O14P3

585241
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744824

744824
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: ADP_C10H12N5O10P2

585229
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746066

746066
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dUDP_C9H11N2O11P2

585217
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120

745120
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3

746551
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GT1c (homo sapiens)_C77H127N5O46FULLRCO

756920
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 684448
name: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
reactant: 684411
notes: Abbreviation: R_AG13T14g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre30 + uacgam --> h + ksi_pre31 + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_11041#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT6# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_284208#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNTL1# LOCUS:_93010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT7# LOCUS:_79369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT4# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1#ABBREVIATION:B3gntl1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt4.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K#TITLE:Identification and characterization of three novel beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the beta 1,3-galactosyltransferas…
product: 684436
product: 684423
reversible: false
reactant: 684399

684448
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

684411
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

684436
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747093

684423
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

684399
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747091

747091
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 30_C219H350N15O184S9X

748609
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Thiocyanate_CNS

753307
type: Reaction
product: 598604
product: 598592
reactant: 598580
reactant: 598568
notes: Abbreviation: R_LNLCCPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + lnlccoa --> coa + lnlccrn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.3) or (1375.4) or (126129.1) or (1374.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

598604
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747321

747321
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Linoleyl carnitine_C25H45NO4

598592
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

598580
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747317

598568
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482

748313
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Ubiquinone-10_C59H90O4

745616
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate A (GalNAc4S-GlcA) proteoglycan_C45H66N2O45S3X

746276
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Ley glycolipid_C56H99N2O30FULLRCO

748849
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Tyrosine_C9H11NO3

747825
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _9-O-Acetylated GD3 (homo sapiens)_C54H90N3O29FULLRCO

746481
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: ganglioside GM3 (homo sapiens)_C41H72N2O20FULLRCO

746154
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: estradiol glucuronide_C24H32O8

756120
type: Reaction
product: 665621
product: 665609
reactant: 665597
reactant: 665585
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOPAt4_LPAREN_2_RPAREN_r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: dopa[e] + (2) na1[e] <==> dopa[c] + (2) na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_6531#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A3# LOCUS:_6530#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW#TITLE:Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12719981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6530.1) or (6531.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Dopamine reversible transport in via sodium symport (1:2)

665621
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747657

665609
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746010

665597
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659

665585
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746012

746012
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Dopamine_C8H12NO2

755597
type: Reaction
product: 653419
reactant: 653407
notes: Abbreviation: R_ESTRONEtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: estrone[r] <==> estrone[c] Confidence Level: 2 specific mechanism not known, proton dependence for trans-mit transport has been suggested, however directionality and stoichiometry has not yet been elucidated. see PMID: 12770731 and others NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: estrone intracellular transport

653419
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746170

746170
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Estrone_C18H22O2

653407
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746172

746172
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Estrone_C18H22O2

749453
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: eicosatetranoic acid_C20H31O2

756196
type: Reaction
product: 667370
reactant: 667358
notes: Abbreviation: R_BIOCYTtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: biocyt[c] <==> biocyt[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Pispa J.#TITLE:Animal biotinidase.#JOURNAL:Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn. #YEAR:1965#PUBMED:5867120# AUTHORS:Zempleni J., Mock D.M.#TITLE:Biotin homeostasis during the cell cycle #JOURNAL:Nutrition Research Reviews#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Hymes J, Fleischhauer K, Wolf B.#TITLE:Biotinylation of biotinidase following incubation with biocytin.#JOURNAL:Clin Chim Acta#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7758201# AUTHORS:Hymes J, Fleischhauer K, Wolf B.#TITLE:Biotinylation of histones by human serum biotinidase: assessment of biotinyl-transferase activity in sera from normal individuals and children with biotinidase deficiency.#JOURNAL:Biochem Mol Med.#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:8593541# AUTHORS:Zempleni J.#TITLE:Uptake, localization, and noncarboxylase roles of biotin.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:16011464# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: biocytin transport, nuclear

667370
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745180

745180
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Biocytin_C16H28N4O4S

667358
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745174

745174
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Biocytin_C16H28N4O4S

753469
type: Reaction
product: 602343
product: 602331
reactant: 602319
reactant: 602307
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACASPAH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.1.15 SUBSYSTEM: Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism Equation: [c] : Nacasp + h2o --> ac + asp-L Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_443#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ASPA#ECNUMBERS:3.5.1.15# LOCUS:_91703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACY3# proteins: NAME:aspartoacylase (aminoacylase 2)#ABBREVIATION:Aspa.1# NAME:aspartoacylase (aminocyclase) 3#ABBREVIATION:Acy3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kaul R, Gao GP, Balamurugan K, Matalon R#TITLE:Cloning of the human aspartoacylase cDNA and a common missense mutation in Canavan disease#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8252036# GENE ASSOCIATION: (443.1) or (91703.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase

602343
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745108

745108
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Aspartate_C4H6NO4

602331
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744622

602319
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

602307
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744508

744508
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Acetyl-L-aspartate_C6H7NO5

747447
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)8-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine (protein)_C70H117N2O55X

752657
type: Reaction
product: 583295
reactant: 583283
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_vacc_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : vacc <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: vaccenic acid exchange

583295
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749928

749928
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: vaccenic acid_C18H33O2

583283
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748955

748955
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: vaccenic acid_C18H33O2

745946
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl carnitine_C16H35NO4

757257
type: Reaction
product: 692773
product: 692761
reactant: 692749
reactant: 692737
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt1m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: adp[m] + datp[c] --> adp[c] + datp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dATP transport via ADP antiport

692773
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745706

745706
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dATP_C10H12N5O12P3

692761
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

692749
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745704

745704
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dATP_C10H12N5O12P3

692737
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822

744822
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: ADP_C10H12N5O10P2

754065
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 616824
reactant: 616788
fast: false
reactant: 616776
name: Glycolate dehydrogenase (NADP)
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLYCLTDy Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.1.1.26 SUBSYSTEM: Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate Metabolism Equation: [c] : glx + h + nadph --> glyclt + nadp Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_9380#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GRHPR#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.79# proteins: NAME:glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase#ABBREVIATION:Grhpr.1# citations: AUTHORS:Van Schaftingen E, Draye JP, Van Hoof F#TITLE:Coenzyme specificity of mammalian liver D-glycerate dehydrogenase#JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2689175# AUTHORS:Baker PR, Cramer SD, Kennedy M, Assimos DG, Holmes RP.#TITLE:Glycolate and glyoxylate metabolism in HepG2 cells.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15240345# AUTHORS:Taylor SW, Fahy E, Zhang B, Glenn GM, Warnock DE, Wiley S, Murphy AN, Gaucher SP, Capaldi RA, Gibson BW, Ghosh SS#TITLE:Characterization of the human heart mitochondrial proteome#JOURNAL:Nat Biotechnol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:1252411# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9380.1)
reactant: 616800
product: 616812

616824
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

616788
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

616776
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746447

616800
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

616812
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746467

746467
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Glycolate_C2H3O3

753017
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_HKt Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.3.10 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: atp[c] + h2o[c] + k[e] --> adp[c] + h[e] + k[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 TV, RS (5/16/2005) This reaction are catalyzed by two classes of ATPase pumps (P-and ABC types) genes: LOCUS:_496#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP4B#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.36# LOCUS:_495#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP4A#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.36# proteins: NAME:ATPase, H+/K+ exchanging (gastric)#ABBREVIATION:Atp4ab# citations: AUTHORS:Maeda M, Oshiman K, Tamura S, Futai M.#TITLE:Human gastric (H+ + K+)-ATPase gene. Similarity to (Na+ + K+)-ATPase genes in exon/intron organization but difference in control region. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2160952# AUTHORS:Callaghan JM, Tan SS, Khan MA, Curran KA, Campbell WG, Smolka AJ, Toh BH, Gleeson PA, Wingo CS, Cain BD, et al.#TITLE:Renal expression of the gene encoding the gastric H(+)-K(+)-ATPase beta-subunit.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7900835# GENE ASSOCIATION: (495.1 and 496.1)
name: H+/K+ gastric/non-gastric P-ATPase and ABC ATPase
product: 591820
reversible: false
reactant: 591783
product: 591844
reactant: 591770
reactant: 591796
product: 591832
fast: false
product: 591808

591820
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627

746627
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: H+_H

591783
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

591844
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

591770
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

591796
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746949

746949
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: potassium_K

591832
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746947

746947
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: potassium_K

591808
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

749403
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dATP_C10H12N5O12P3

747603
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA_C25H35N7O19P3S

752171
type: Reaction
product: 571660
product: 571672
reactant: 571636
reactant: 571648
name: cGMP transport (ATP-dependent)
reversible: false
product: 571696
notes: Abbreviation: R_CGMPt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _35cgmp[c] + atp[c] + h2o[c] --> 35cgmp[e] + adp[c] + h[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_10257#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABCC4# LOCUS:_10057#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABCC5# LOCUS:_10057#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ABCC5# proteins: NAME:ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4 #ABBREVIATION:Abcc4.1-e# NAME:ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 #ABBREVIATION:Abcc5.1-e# NAME:ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 #ABBREVIATION:Abcc5.2-e# citations: AUTHORS:Chen ZS, Lee K, Kruh GD.#TITLE:Transport of cyclic nucleotides and estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide by multidrug resistance protein 4. Resistance to 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11447229# AUTHORS:Reid G, Wielinga P, Zelcer N, van der Heijden I, Kuil A, de Haas M, Wijnholds J, Borst P. #TITLE:The human multidrug resistance protein MRP4 functions as a prostaglandin efflux transporter and is inhibited by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12835412# AUTHORS:Dazert P, Meissner K, Vogelgesang S, Heydrich B, Eckel L, Bohm M, Warzok R, Kerb R, Brinkmann U, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M, Cascorbi I, Jedlitschky G, Kroemer HK. #TITLE:Expression and localization of the multidrug resistance protein 5 (MRP5/ABCC5), a cellular export pump for cyclic nucleotides, in human heart.#JOURNAL:Am J Pathol. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14507663# AUTHORS:Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Grube M, Heydrich B, Linnemann K, Fusch C, Kroemer HK, Jedlitschky G. #TITLE:Expression, localization, and function of MRP5 (ABCC5), a transporter for cyclic nucleotides, in human placenta and cultured human trophoblasts: effects of gestational age and cellular differentiation. #JOURNAL:Am J Pathol.#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15631998# AUTHORS:Wielinga PR, van der Heijden I, Reid G, Beijnen JH, Wijnholds J, Borst P. #TITLE:Characterization of the MRP4-…
product: 571684
fast: false
reactant: 571624

571660
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744098

571672
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

571636
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

571648
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

571696
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

571684
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

571624
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744096

744096
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3',5'-Cyclic GMP_C10H11N5O7P

746459
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Glycerol 3-phosphate_C3H7O6P

753615
type: Reaction
product: 605697
product: 605685
reactant: 605673
reactant: 605661
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK4n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : dcmp + gtp <==> dcdp + gdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (dCMP,GTP),nuclear

605697
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746405

746405
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: GDP_C10H12N5O11P2

605685
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745720

745720
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dCDP_C9H12N3O10P2

605673
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746577

746577
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: GTP_C10H12N5O14P3

605661
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745730

745730
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dCMP_C9H12N3O7P

747655
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: ((N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)5-(alpha-D-mannosyl)2-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl)-L-asparagine (protein)_C74H122N7O50X

744102
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _3',5'-Cyclic GMP_C10H11N5O7P

748505
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Sphingosine_C18H38NO2

755133
type: Reaction
product: 642675
product: 642663
reactant: 642651
reactant: 642639
notes: Abbreviation: R_ENGASE2ly Synonyms: _15 EC Number: 3.2.1.96 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + n2m2nm --> acgam + n2m2nmn Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lysosomal

642675
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747645

747645
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: reducing GlcNAc removed form of n2m2nmasn (w/o peptide)_C50H84N4O36

642663
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712

642651
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747635

747635
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: n2m2nmasn (w/o peptide linkage)_C58H97N5O41

642639
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

744744
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: sialyl (1,3) sialyl (2,6) galactosylgloboside (homo sapiens)_C72H121N4O43FULLRCO

749309
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Aspartate_C4H6NO4

749611
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan_C79H113N5O101S12X

753757
type: Reaction
product: 609335
product: 609359
reactant: 609299
reactant: 609323
reactant: 609311
notes: Abbreviation: R_5HOXINDACTO2OX Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.3.1 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : 5hoxindact + h2o + o2 --> 5hoxindoa + h + h2o2 Confidence Level: 2 SAB questionable--balanced, but h2o2 production is based on an obscure comment in entrez genes: LOCUS:_316#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AOX1# proteins: NAME:aldehyde oxidase 1#ABBREVIATION:Aox1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Keung WM#TITLE:Biogenic aldehyde(s) derived from the action of monoamine oxidase may mediate the antidipsotropic effect of daidzin#JOURNAL:Chem Biol Interact#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11306106# GENE ASSOCIATION: (316.1)
product: 609347
name: _5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase
fast: false
reversible: false

609335
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744376

744376
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-Hydroxyindoleacetate_C10H8NO3

609359
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

609299
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744372

744372
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde_C10H9NO2

609323
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

609311
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

609347
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

748629
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: tetracosahexaenoyl coenzyme A_C45H66N7O17P3S

747605
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA_C25H35N7O19P3S

744984
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: AMP_C10H12N5O7P

752087
type: Reaction
product: 569559
product: 569547
reactant: 569535
reactant: 569523
notes: Abbreviation: R_TAURtcx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism Equation: na1[c] + taur[c] <==> na1[x] + taur[x] Confidence Level: 1 SAB genes: LOCUS:_6533#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A6# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, taurine), member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a6.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ramamoorthy S, Leibach FH, Mahesh VB, Han H, Yang-Feng T, Blakely RD, Ganapathy V#TITLE:Functional characterization and chromosomal localization of a cloned taurine transporter from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8010975# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6533.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: taurine transport (sodium symport) (cytosol to peroxisome)

569559
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748593

748593
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Taurine_C2H7NO3S

569547
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747663

747663
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Sodium_Na

569535
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748589

748589
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Taurine_C2H7NO3S

569523
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

745964
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: DNA 5-methylcytosine_C11H19O8PR2

746261
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Fucose 1-phosphate_C6H11O8P

750252
type: Reaction
product: 525909
reactant: 525897
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dlnlcg_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dlnlcg <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (n-6) exchange

525909
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749429

749429
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (n-6)_C20H33O2

525897
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745922

745922
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (n-6)_C20H33O2

748713
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Thiamin monophosphate_C12H16N4O4PS

748507
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Sphingosine_C18H38NO2

749233
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Type IIIA glycolipid_C78H135N4O45FULLRCO

754715
type: Reaction
product: 632423
name: methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
notes: Abbreviation: R_MMSAD1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.27 SUBSYSTEM: Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Metabolism Equation: [m] : 2mop + coa + nad --> co2 + nadh + ppcoa Confidence Level: 4 TV Also converts propanal to propanoyl-CoA genes: LOCUS:_4329#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH6A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.27# proteins: NAME:Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 family, member A1, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Aldh6a1.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Kedishvili NY, Popov KM, Rougraff PM, Zhao Y, Crabb DW, Harris RA.#TITLE:CoA-dependent methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, a unique member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. cDNA cloning, evolutionary relationships, and tissue distribution. #YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1527093# AUTHORS:Chambliss,K.L. , Gray,R.G. , Rylance,G. , Pollitt,R.J. , Gibson,K.M. #TITLE:Molecular characterization of methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10947204# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4329.1)
reactant: 632386
reversible: false
reactant: 632374
fast: false
reactant: 632399
product: 632435
product: 632411

632423
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

632386
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

632374
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744058

744058
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoate_C4H5O3

632399
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

632435
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748133

632411
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745410

745410
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: CO2_CO2

751699
type: Reaction
product: 560530
reactant: 560518
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_fucacgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : fucacgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: (Gal)2 (GalNAc)1 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1 exchange

560530
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749485

749485
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (Gal)2 (GalNAc)1 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C64H112N3O35FULLRCO

560518
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746266

746266
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (Gal)2 (GalNAc)1 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C64H112N3O35FULLRCO

745842
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate_C27H45O4

748261
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: pentadecanoate_C15H29O2

744746
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: sialyl (1,3) sialyl (2,6) galactosylgloboside (homo sapiens)_C72H121N4O43FULLRCO

749874
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Thiamin_C12H17N4OS

749285
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: androsterone glucuronide_C25H38O8

745894
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

749850
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: triacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C3H5FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2FULLR3CO2

745966
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: DNA_C10H17O8PR2

746239
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Formate_CH1O2

750497
type: Reaction
product: 531937
reactant: 531924
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dad_DASH_2_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dad-2 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Deoxyadenosine exchange

531937
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749397

749397
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Deoxyadenosine_C10H13N5O3

531924
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745678

745678
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Deoxyadenosine_C10H13N5O3

743912
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _12-Hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate_C20H31O4

749321
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Bilirubin beta-diglucuronide_C45H50N4O18

757339
type: Reaction
product: 694763
product: 694751
product: 694787
product: 694775
notes: Abbreviation: R_NOS2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.14.13.39 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [c] : nadph + (2) nwharg + (2) o2 --> (2) citr-L + h + (2) h2o + nadp + (2) no Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_4842#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NOS1#ECNUMBERS:1.14.13.39# LOCUS:_4843#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NOS2A#ECNUMBERS:1.14.13.39# LOCUS:_4846#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NOS3#ECNUMBERS:1.14.13.39# LOCUS:_4845#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NOS2C# LOCUS:_4844#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NOS2B# LOCUS:_4843#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NOS2A#ECNUMBERS:1.14.13.39# proteins: NAME:nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)#ABBREVIATION:Nos1.1# NAME:nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes)#ABBREVIATION:Nos2a.1# NAME:nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes)#ABBREVIATION:Nos2a.2# NAME:nitric oxide synthase 2B#ABBREVIATION:Nos2b.1# NAME:nitric oxide synthase 2C#ABBREVIATION:Nos2c.1# NAME:nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell)#ABBREVIATION:Nos3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Brenman JE, Chao DS, Xia H, Aldape K, Bredt DS#TITLE:Nitric oxide synthase complexed with dystrophin and absent from skeletal muscle sarcolemma in Duchenne muscular dystrophy#JOURNAL:Cell#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7545544# AUTHORS:Geoffrey M. Cooper#TITLE:The Cell A Molecular Approach#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:Bloch KD, Wolfram JR, Brown DM, Roberts JD Jr, Zapol DG, Lepore JJ, Filippov G, Thomas JE, Jacob HJ, Bloch DB. #TITLE:Three members of the nitric oxide synthase II gene family (NOS2A, NOS2B, and NOS2C) colocalize to human chromosome 17. #JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7558036# AUTHORS:Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, Neil D. Clarke#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:2002# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4846.1) or (4844.1) or (4842.1) or (4843.2) or (4843.1) or (4845.1)
name: Nitric Oxide Synthase (NO forming)
reactant: 694715
fast: false
reversible: false
reactant: 694739
product: 694799
reactant: 694727

694763
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

694751
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745356

694787
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

694775
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

694715
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

694739
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747795

694799
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747759

747759
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nitric oxide_NO

694727
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747793

747793
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-(omega)-Hydroxyarginine_C6H15N4O3

743964
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-Methylnicotinamide_C7H9N2O

747907
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Oxalate_C2O4

757186
type: Reaction
product: 691050
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST8SIA11 Synonyms: _13 EC Number: 2.4.99.8 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : acngalgbside_hs + cmpacna --> acnacngalgbside_hs + cmp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6489#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT8A#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.8# proteins: NAME:ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1#ABBREVIATION:St8sia1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Takashima S, Tsuji S, Tsujimoto#TITLE:Characterization of second type of human beta-galactoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase which sialates gal-beta1,4GlcNAc structures on oligosaccharides preferentially#JOURNAL:Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:2002# AUTHORS:Kim YJ, Kim KS, Do S, Kim CH, Kim SK, Lee YC.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of human alpha2,8-sialyltransferase (hST8Sia V).#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9199191# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6489.1)
name: Beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase
product: 691074
reversible: false
reactant: 691038
fast: false
product: 691062
reactant: 691025

691050
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744766

744766
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: disialyl galactosylgloboside (homo sapiens)_C72H121N4O43FULLRCO

691074
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

691038
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396

691062
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386

691025
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744786

744786
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: sialyl galactosylgloboside (homo sapiens)_C61H105N3O35FULLRCO

748239
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Prostaglandin H2_C20H31O5

755884
type: Reaction
product: 660448
product: 660436
reactant: 660423
reactant: 660411
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR41 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: fadh2[m] + hdcoa[c] --> R4coa_hs[c] + fad[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R group artificial flux

660448
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214

746214
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Flavin adenine dinucleotide oxidized_C27H31N9O15P2

660436
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744532

744532
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R group 4 Coenzyme A homo sapiens_XCO2C21H31N7O15P3S

660423
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746675

746675
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hexadecenoyl-CoA (n-C16:1CoA)_C37H60N7O17P3S

660411
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218

746218
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Flavin adenine dinucleotide reduced_C27H33N9O15P2

751079
type: Reaction
product: 545358
product: 545346
reactant: 545334
reactant: 545322
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADK3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : amp + gtp <==> adp + gdp Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_26289#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AK5# LOCUS:_26289#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AK5# proteins: NAME:adenylate kinase 5 #ABBREVIATION:Ak5.1# NAME:adenylate kinase 5 #ABBREVIATION:Ak5.2# citations: AUTHORS:Noma T, Song S, Yoon YS, Tanaka S, Nakazawa A. #TITLE:cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of the gene encoding human adenylate kinase isozyme 2. #JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta. #YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9434148# GENE ASSOCIATION: (26289.1) or (26289.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: adentylate kinase (GTP)

545358
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746401

746401
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GDP_C10H12N5O11P2

545346
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

545334
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746571

746571
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GTP_C10H12N5O14P3

545322
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

747313
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: linoleic acid (all cis C18:2) n-6_C18H31O2

751029
type: Reaction
product: 544256
reactant: 544244
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_Rtotal3_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : Rtotal3 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: R total 3 position exchange

544256
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749213

749213
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: R total 3 position_CO2FULLR3

544244
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744552

744552
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: R total 3 position_CO2FULLR3

752221
type: Reaction
product: 572773
name: nucleoside-diphosphatase (UDP), endoplasmic reticulum
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_NDP7er Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.1.6 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [r] : h2o + udp --> h + pi + ump Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Trombetta ES, Helenius A.#TITLE:Glycoprotein reglucosylation and nucleotide sugar utilization in the secretory pathway: identification of a nucleoside diphosphatase in the endoplasmic reticulum.#JOURNAL:EMBO J#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10369669# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 572749
product: 572761
reactant: 572737
product: 572785
fast: false

572773
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748103

748103
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Phosphate_HO4P

572749
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748869

572761
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

572737
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619

572785
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748913

748913
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: UMP_C9H11N2O9P

756218
type: Reaction
product: 667890
product: 667878
reactant: 667866
reactant: 667854
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt49m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dadp[m] + dttp[c] --> dadp[c] + dttp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dTTP transport via dADP antiport

667890
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746058

667878
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745684

667866
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746056

746056
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dTTP_C10H13N2O14P3

667854
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745686

757060
type: Reaction
product: 688071
product: 688058
reactant: 688046
reactant: 688034
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTD9l Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleic acid degradation Equation: [l] : gmp + h2o --> gsn + pi Confidence Level: 4 Wide specificity for 5'-nucleotides Also see EC 3.1.3.31 IT genes: LOCUS:_53#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACP2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# proteins: NAME:acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Acp2.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:R.L. Pisoni#TITLE:Lysosomal Nucleic Acid and Phosphate Metabolism and Related Metabolic Reactions, Chapter 9#YEAR:1996# GENE ASSOCIATION: (53.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5'-nucleotidase (GMP), lysosome

688071
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748097

688058
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746537

746537
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Guanosine_C10H13N5O5

688046
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

688034
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746486

746486
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: GMP_C10H12N5O8P

745314
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850

750216
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 525031
fast: false
product: 525043
notes: Abbreviation: R_FE3R2e Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Heme Biosynthesis Equation: [e] : ascb-L + (2) fe3 --> dhdascb + (2) fe2 + (2) h Confidence Level: 4 stoichiometry unknown; inferred from EC1.16.1.7 NCD genes: LOCUS:_79901#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYBRD1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome b reductase 1#ABBREVIATION:Cybrd1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Chung J, Wessling-Resnick M#TITLE:Molecular mechanisms and regulation of iron transport.#JOURNAL:Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12755454# AUTHORS:McKie AT, Barrow D, Latunde-Dada GO, Rolfs A, Sager G, Mudaly E, Mudaly M, Richardson C, Barlow D, Bomford A, Peters TJ, Raja KB, Shirali S, Hediger MA, Farzaneh F, Simpson RJ.#TITLE:An iron-regulated ferric reductase associated with the absorption of dietary iron#JOURNAL:Science#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11230685# GENE ASSOCIATION: (79901.1)
name: Fe(III) reduction (ascorbate)
reactant: 525020
reactant: 525007
product: 525055

525031
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745860

745860
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Dehydroascorbate_C6H6O6

525043
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746227

746227
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Fe2+_Fe

525020
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746229

746229
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Fe3+_Fe

525007
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745094

745094
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Ascorbate_C6H8O6

525055
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746627

751235
type: Reaction
product: 549134
product: 549122
reactant: 549110
reactant: 549098
notes: Abbreviation: R_UGLCNACtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: uacgam[c] + ump[g] <==> uacgam[g] + ump[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_11046#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC35D2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 35, member D2#ABBREVIATION:Slc35d2.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Suda T, Kamiyama S, Suzuki M, Kikuchi N, Nakayama K, Narimatsu H, Jigami Y, Aoki T, Nishihara S#TITLE:Molecular cloning and characterization of a human multisubstrate specific nucleotide-sugar transporter homologous to Drosophila fringe connection#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15082721# AUTHORS:Ishida N, Kuba T, Aoki K, Miyatake S, Kawakita M, Sanai Y#TITLE:Identification and characterization of human Golgi nucleotide sugar transporter SLC35D2, a novel member of the SLC35 nucleotide sugar transporter family#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15607426# GENE ASSOCIATION: (11046.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: UDP-GlcNAc Golgi transport via CMP antiport

549134
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901

549122
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

549110
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748905

748905
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: UMP_C9H11N2O9P

549098
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748853

754327
type: Reaction
reactant: 623263
product: 623287
product: 623299
fast: false
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_AMANK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.60 SUBSYSTEM: Aminosugar Metabolism Equation: [c] : acmana + atp --> acmanap + adp + h Confidence Level: 4 JLR - Kegg R02705 genes: LOCUS:_55577#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NAGK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.59# LOCUS:_10020#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GNE#ECNUMBERS:5.1.3.14,2.7.1.60# proteins: NAME:N-acetylglucosamine kinase#ABBREVIATION:Nagk.1# NAME:glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase#ABBREVIATION:Gne.1# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Seppala R, Lehto VP, Gahl WA#TITLE:Mutations in the human UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase gene define the disease sialuria and the allosteric site of the enzyme#JOURNAL:Am J Hum Genet#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10330343# AUTHORS:Lucka L, Krause M, Danker K, Reutter W, Horstkorte R#TITLE:Primary structure and expression analysis of human UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase, the bifunctional enzyme in neuraminic acid biosynthesis#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10431835# AUTHORS:Hinderlich S, Berger M, Keppler OT, Pawlita M, Reutter W#TITLE:Biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid in cells lacking UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase#JOURNAL:Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11308027# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10020.1) or (55577.1)
reactant: 623251
name: N-acetyl-D-mannosamine kinase
product: 623275

623263
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

623287
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

623299
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

623251
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744740

744740
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine_C8H15NO6

623275
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744742

744742
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate_C8H14NO9P

748599
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: taurocholic acid_C26H45NO7S

746875
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Isocitrate_C6H5O7

746216
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Flavin adenine dinucleotide oxidized_C27H31N9O15P2

744642
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Acetaldehyde_C2H4O

749980
type: Reaction
product: 519423
reactant: 519411
notes: Abbreviation: R_STRDNCCRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: strdnccrn[c] --> strdnccrn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: transport into the mitochondria (carnitine)

519423
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748557

748557
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: stearidonyl carnitine_C25H41NO4

519411
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748555

748555
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: stearidonyl carnitine_C25H41NO4

746404
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: GDP_C10H12N5O11P2

749740
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _1-alkyl 2-acteylglycerol 3-phosphocholine (homo sapiens)_C11H23O4NPFULLRCO2

757140
type: Reaction
product: 690133
reactant: 690121
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_adn_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : adn <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Adenosine exchange

690133
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749253

749253
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Adenosine_C10H13N5O4

690121
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744810

744810
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Adenosine_C10H13N5O4

744694
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Type IIIAb_C92H158N5O55FULLRCO

757130
type: Reaction
product: 689880
reactant: 689807
reversible: false
name: Beta oxidation of fatty acid
product: 689892
product: 689868
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC183806m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : (5) coa + (5) h2o + lnlncgcoa + (5) nad + (2) o2 --> (5) accoa + (5) h + (2) h2o2 + (5) nadh + occoa Confidence Level: 4 _5 rounds of beta ox, 3 degrees loss of saturation -> only 2 fad oxidized to fadh2 - in peroxisome, no fad, 1ste set of beta-ox is by acyl-coa oxidase (passes electrons directly to o2 -> h2o2) peroxisomal (very long chain FA) c18:3,n-6 -> c8:0, 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (34.1) or (35.1)
fast: false
product: 689904
reactant: 689844
reactant: 689832
reactant: 689795
reactant: 689819
product: 689856

689880
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746601

746601
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Hydrogen peroxide_H2O2

689807
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746615

689892
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747683

689868
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746631

689904
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747837

689844
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747799

689832
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747673

689795
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 745428

689819
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747343

747343
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: gamma-linolenoyl-CoA_C39H60N7O17P3S

689856
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 744652

753373
type: Reaction
product: 599957
reactant: 599945
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_gluala_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : gluala <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine exchange

599957
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749539

749539
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _5-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine_C8H13N2O5

599945
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746440

746440
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _5-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine_C8H13N2O5

754403
type: Reaction
product: 625253
product: 625265
reactant: 625241
notes: Abbreviation: R_BTNPLm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Biotin Metabolism Equation: [m] : apoC-Lys + btamp --> amp + apoC-Lys_btn + h Confidence Level: 4 IT for human biotin metabolism genes: LOCUS:_3141#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HLCS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.4.10# proteins: NAME:holocarboxylase synthetase (biotin-[proprionyl-Coenzyme A-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolysing)] ligase) #ABBREVIATION:Hcls.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3141.1)
product: 625278
reactant: 625229
reversible: false
fast: false
name: holocarboxylase synthestase (biotin protein ligase), mitochondrial

625253
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744984

625265
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745022

745022
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Holocarboxylase (biotin covalent bound to Lys residue of apoC)_C16H27N4O3SX

625241
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745184

745184
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Biotinyl-5'-AMP_C20H27N7O9PS

625278
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

625229
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745026

746456
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Glycine betaine_C5H11NO2

746092
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate_C5H8NO5

744882
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine_C14H20N6O5S

752951
type: Reaction
product: 590309
reactant: 590297
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_cit_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : cit <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Citrate exchange

590309
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749357

590297
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745350

745350
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Citrate_C6H5O7

747977
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate_C10H11N5O10P2

754037
type: Reaction
product: 616163
reactant: 616151
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_fe2_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : fe2 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Fe2+ exchange

616163
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749469

749469
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Fe2+_Fe

616151
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746227

744308
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Pyridoxate_C8H9NO4

749101
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Xylitol_C5H12O5

756526
type: Reaction
product: 675149
product: 675161
product: 675173
reversible: false
reactant: 675137
name: ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST3GAL31g Synonyms: _9 EC Number: 2.4.99.6 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cmpacna + galacglcgalgluside_hs --> acngalacglcgalgluside_hs + cmp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ST3GAL3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:10#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:11#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:9#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:6#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:8#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:7#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# proteins: NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.1-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.10-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.11-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.2-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.3-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.4-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.5-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.6-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.7-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.8-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBRE…
reactant: 675125
fast: false

675149
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744784

744784
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (Gal)3 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (Cer)1_C55H95N3O30FULLRCO

675161
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386

675173
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

675137
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746349

746349
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Lc4Cer_C44H79N2O22FULLRCO

675125
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396

751871
type: Reaction
product: 564400
reactant: 564388
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dcyt_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dcyt <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Deoxycytidine exchange

564400
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749409

564388
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745754

745754
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Deoxycytidine_C9H13N3O4

754967
type: Reaction
product: 638616
reactant: 638592
name: ADPribose diphosphatase
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADPRDP Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.1.13 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : adprib + h2o --> amp + (2) h + r5p Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_11164#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NUDT5# proteins: NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 5 #ABBREVIATION:NudT5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yang H, Slupska MM, Wei YF, Tai JH, Luther WM, Xia YR, Shih DM, Chiang JH, Baikalov C, Fitz-Gibbon S, Phan IT, Conrad A, Miller JH.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of a new member of the Nudix hydrolases from human and mouse.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10722730# AUTHORS:Ishibashi T, Hayakawa H, Sekiguchi M.#TITLE:A novel mechanism for preventing mutations caused by oxidation of guanine nucleotides.#JOURNAL:EMBO Rep.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12717453# AUTHORS:Gasmi L, Cartwright JL, McLennan AG. #TITLE:Cloning, expression and characterization of YSA1H, a human adenosine 5'-diphosphosugar pyrophosphatase possessing a MutT motif.#JOURNAL:Biochem J.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10567213# GENE ASSOCIATION: (11164.1)
reactant: 638604
fast: false
product: 638640
product: 638628
reversible: false

638616
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

638592
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744838

744838
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: ADPribose_C15H21N5O14P2

638604
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

638640
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748323

638628
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

749742
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Phosphatidylcholine (homo sapiens)_C8H18NO4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

749153
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine_C9H11NO4

754635
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALDD20xm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [m] : h2o + id3acald + nad --> (2) h + ind3ac + nadh Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8659#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH4A1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.12# LOCUS:_217#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_219#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_8659#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALDH4A1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.12# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial)#ABBREVIATION:Aldh2.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1b1.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh4a1.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh4a1.2-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (219.1) or (8659.1) or (217.1) or (8659.2)
reactant: 630527
product: 630578
product: 630566
reversible: false
reactant: 630514
product: 630553
name: aldehyde dehydrogenase (indole-3-acetaldehyde, NAD), mitochondrial
reactant: 630540
fast: false

630527
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746879

746879
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Indole-3-acetaldehyde_C10H9NO

630578
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

630566
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746915

630514
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

630553
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746631

630540
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

749341
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: beta-Carotene_C40H56

746094
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Erythrose 4-phosphate_C4H7O7P

754995
type: Reaction
reactant: 639192
reversible: false
reactant: 639178
product: 639216
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GNT39g Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : gluside_hs + udpgal --> galgluside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10331.1)
product: 639228
fast: false
name: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus
product: 639204

639192
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887

639178
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746443

746443
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: glucocerebroside (homo sapiens)_C24H46NO7FULLRCO

639216
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

639228
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

639204
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746366

746366
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: galactosyl glucosyl ceramide_C30H56NO12FULLRCO

757046
type: Reaction
product: 687722
reactant: 687710
notes: Abbreviation: R_ELAIDt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: elaid[e] <==> elaid[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion

687722
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746130

746130
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: elaidic acid_C18H33O2

687710
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746132

746132
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: elaidic acid_C18H33O2

747927
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _1-alkyl 2-acteylglycerol 3-phosphocholine (homo sapiens)_C11H23O4NPFULLRCO2

749393
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Cysteine_C3H7NO2S

754875
type: Reaction
product: 636363
product: 636351
reactant: 636339
reactant: 636327
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt36m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dcdp[m] + dgdp[c] --> dcdp[c] + dgdp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dGDP transport via dCDP antiport

636363
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745808

745808
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dGDP_C10H12N5O10P2

636351
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745716

636339
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745806

745806
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dGDP_C10H12N5O10P2

636327
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745718

755329
type: Reaction
product: 647212
product: 647200
reactant: 647188
reactant: 647176
notes: Abbreviation: R_BILIRUBt2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: bilirub[e] + hco3[c] <==> bilirub[c] + hco3[e] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10599#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLCO1B1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1#ABBREVIATION:Slco1b1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ.#TITLE:The superfamily of organic anion transporting polypeptides.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12507753# AUTHORS:Satlin LM, Amin V, Wolkoff AW.#TITLE:Organic anion transporting polypeptide mediates organic anion/HCO3- exchange.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9334206# AUTHORS:Abe T, Kakyo M, Tokui T, Nakagomi R, Nishio T, Nakai D, Nomura H, Unno M, Suzuki M, Naitoh T, Matsuno S, Yawo H.#TITLE:Identification of a novel gene family encoding human liver-specific organic anion transporter LST-1.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10358072# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10599.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: bilirubin transport via bicarbonate countertransport

647212
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746649

647200
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745166

745166
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Bilirubin_C33H34N4O6

647188
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746647

647176
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745168

745168
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Bilirubin_C33H34N4O6

750847
type: Reaction
product: 540007
product: 539995
reactant: 539983
reactant: 539971
notes: Abbreviation: R_HPDCACRNCPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + hpdcacrn --> crn + hpdcacoa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1376#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# proteins: NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Cpt2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Finocchiaro G, Taroni F, Rocchi M, Martin AL, Colombo I, Tarelli GT, DiDonato S. #TITLE:cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the gene for human carnitine palmitoyltransferase. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1988962# AUTHORS:Taroni F, Verderio E, Fiorucci S, Cavadini P, Finocchiaro G, Uziel G, Lamantea E, Gellera C, DiDonato S.#TITLE:Molecular characterization of inherited carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1528846# AUTHORS:Fraser F, Padovese R, Zammit VA.#TITLE:Distinct kinetics of carnitine palmitoyltransferase i in contact sites and outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11274214# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1376.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: heptadecanoate transport into the mitochondria

540007
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746745

539995
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486

539983
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746749

746749
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: heptadecanoyl carnitine_C24H47NO4

539971
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

754107
type: Reaction
product: 617902
product: 617890
reactant: 617878
reactant: 617866
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK5n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : cmp + gtp <==> cdp + gdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (CMP),nuclear

617902
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746405

617890
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745272

617878
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746577

617866
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745392

745392
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P

755655
type: Reaction
name: selenocysteine lyase
product: 654722
reactant: 654686
product: 654746
reactant: 654698
product: 654734
product: 654710
fast: false
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_SELCYSLY Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 4.4.1.16 SUBSYSTEM: Selenoamino acid metabolism Equation: [c] : dtt + selcys --> ala-L + dttOX + h + seln Confidence Level: 1 SAB genes: LOCUS:_51540#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SCLY# proteins: NAME:selenocysteine lyase#ABBREVIATION:Scly.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mihara H, Kurihara T, Watanabe T, Yoshimura T, Esaki N. #TITLE:cDNA cloning, purification, and characterization of mouse liver selenocysteine lyase. Candidate for selenium delivery protein in selenoprotein synthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10692412# AUTHORS:Katsuhiko Nakamuro, Tomofumi Okuno, and Tatsuya Hasegawa#TITLE:Metabolism of Selenoamino Acids and Contribution of Selenium Methylation to Their Toxicity#JOURNAL:Journal of Health Science#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:?# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51540.1)

654722
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746052

746052
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Oxidized dithiothreitol_C4H8O2S2

654686
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746054

746054
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dithiothreitol_C4H10O2S2

654746
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748447

748447
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Selenide_HSe

654698
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748439

748439
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Selenocysteine_C3H7NO2Se

654734
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

654710
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744938

753681
type: Reaction
product: 607350
product: 607338
reactant: 607326
reactant: 607313
notes: Abbreviation: R_SELCYSTS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.22 SUBSYSTEM: Selenoamino acid metabolism Equation: [c] : selhcys + ser-L --> h2o + selcyst Confidence Level: 4 NCD SAB genes: LOCUS:_875#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CBS#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.22# proteins: NAME:cystathionine-beta-synthase #ABBREVIATION:Cbs.1# citations: AUTHORS:Esaki N, Nakamura T, Tanaka H, Soda K#TITLE:Selenocysteine lyase, a novel enzyme that specifically acts on selenocysteine. Mammalian distribution and purification and properties of pig liver enzyme#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6461656# GENE ASSOCIATION: (875.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: selanocystathionine beta-synthase

607350
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748441

748441
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Selenocystathionine_C7H14N2O4Se

607338
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

607326
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748455

748455
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Serine_C3H7NO3

607313
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748443

748443
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Selenohomocysteine_C4H9NO2Se

748465
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: sulfatide galactocerebroside (homo sapiens)_C24H45NO10SFULLRCO

754135
type: Reaction
product: 618434
reactant: 618422
notes: Abbreviation: R_CITRtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: citr-L[m] <==> citr-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_83884#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A2# LOCUS:_10166#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A15# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; ornithine transporter) member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a2.1-m# NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; ornithine transporter) member 15#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a15.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (83884.1) or (10166.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: citrulline mitochondrial transport via proton antiport

618434
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745356

618422
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745358

746939
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: ITP_C10H11N4O14P3

755373
type: Reaction
product: 648259
product: 648247
reactant: 648235
reactant: 648223
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSNATr Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : accoa + crn <==> acrn + coa Confidence Level: 4 IF genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Corti O, Finocchiaro G, Rossi E, Zuffardi O, DiDonato S.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding human carnitine acetyltransferase and mapping of the corresponding gene to chromosome 9q34.1.#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7829107# AUTHORS:Ramsay, Gandour, van der Leij#TITLE:Molecular enzymology of carnitine transfer and transport#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11257506# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: carnitine O-acetyltransferase

648259
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

648247
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744790

744790
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: O-Acetylcarnitine_C9H17NO4

648235
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482

648223
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744648

744560
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: R total 3 carnitine_CO2FULLR3C7H14NO2

745212
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cervonyl coenzyme A_C43H62N7O17P3S

755735
type: Reaction
product: 656530
product: 656518
reactant: 656506
reactant: 656494
notes: Abbreviation: R_3HXKYNDCL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : h + hLkynr --> 3hxkynam + co2 Confidence Level: 1 SAB made up name genes: LOCUS:_1644#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DDC#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.28# proteins: NAME:aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Ddc.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1644.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3-Hydroxykynurenamine decarboxy-lyase

656530
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404

656518
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744160

744160
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Hydroxykynurenamine_C9H13N2O2

656506
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746623

746623
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine_C10H12N2O4

656494
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

749009
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _24-Hydroxycholesterol_C27H46O2

756312
type: Reaction
product: 670255
reactant: 670243
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ura_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ura <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Uracil exchange

670255
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749918

749918
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Uracil_C4H4N2O2

670243
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748919

748919
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Uracil_C4H4N2O2

744204
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Phospho-D-glycerate_C3H4O7P

749557
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GP1c (homo sapiens)_C99H159N7O62FULLRCO

756362
type: Reaction
product: 671348
product: 671360
product: 671373
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI45P3Kn Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.153 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [n] : atp + pail45p_hs --> adp + h + pail345p_hs Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF#TITLE:Nuclear lipid signalling#JOURNAL:Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12728269# GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, nuclear
reactant: 671336
reversible: false
reactant: 671324
fast: false

671348
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744824

671360
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746633

746633
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: H+_H

671373
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747931

671336
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747951

671324
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120

744510
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: N-Acetyl-L-aspartate_C6H7NO5

744256
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _4-Hydroxybenzoate_C7H5O3

746741
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: heptadecanoate_C17H33O2

757271
type: Reaction
product: 693088
product: 693076
reactant: 693064
reactant: 693052
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI45P4P Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + pail45p_hs --> pail5p_hs + pi Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Tolias KF, Cantley LC#TITLE:Pathways for phosphoinositide synthesis#JOURNAL:Chem Phys Lipids#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10358929# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase

693088
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

693076
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747959

747959
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H15O12P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

693064
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747949

747949
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H14O15P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

693052
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

750579
type: Reaction
product: 533919
reactant: 533907
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARACHDCOAtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: arachdcoa[c] <==> arachdcoa[x] Confidence Level: 2 interaction between peroxisomes and ER (some enzymes on the outer membrane) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid intracellular transport

533919
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745076

745076
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: C20:4-CoA_C41H62N7O17P3S

533907
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745072

745072
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: C20:4-CoA_C41H62N7O17P3S

744562
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R total_CO2FULLR

754839
type: Reaction
product: 635580
reactant: 635568
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ptdca_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ptdca <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: pentadecanoate exchange

635580
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749782

749782
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: pentadecanoate_C15H29O2

635568
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748263

748263
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: pentadecanoate_C15H29O2

753259
type: Reaction
product: 597485
product: 597473
reactant: 597461
reactant: 597449
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYSAMO Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism Equation: [c] : cysam + o2 --> (2) h + hyptaur Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Cysteamine oxygenase

597485
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746863

746863
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hypotaurine_C2H6NO2S

597473
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

597461
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

597449
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745662

745662
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Cysteamine_C2H8NS

744206
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Phosphohydroxypyruvate_C3H2O7P

755435
type: Reaction
product: 649631
reactant: 649619
notes: Abbreviation: R_HYXNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: hxan[e] <==> hxan[c] Confidence Level: 4 tv genes: LOCUS:_3177#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a2.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Yao SY, Ng AM, Vickers MF, Sundaram M, Cass CE, Baldwin SA, Young JD.#TITLE:Functional and molecular characterization of nucleobase transport by recombinant human and rat equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12006583# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3177.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Hypoxanthine transport

649631
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746853

649619
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746855

746855
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Hypoxanthine_C5H4N4O

757238
type: Reaction
reactant: 692328
product: 692376
name: _3-sulfino-alanine transaminase (irreversible), mitochondrial
reversible: false
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_3SALATAim Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: [m] : 3sala + akg + h --> 3snpyr + glu-L Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: LOCUS:_2806#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GOT2#ECNUMBERS:2.6.1.1# proteins: NAME:aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Got2.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (2806.1)
reactant: 692340
reactant: 692352
product: 692364

692328
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744210

692376
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438

692340
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916

692352
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

692364
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744214

744214
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-Sulfinopyruvate_C3H2O5S

756278
type: Reaction
product: 669470
product: 669494
reactant: 669458
notes: Abbreviation: R_DPCOAK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.24 SUBSYSTEM: CoA Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : atp + dpcoa --> adp + coa + h Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_80347#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:KDTB/COAE#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.3/2.7.1.24# proteins: NAME:dephospho-CoA kinase#ABBREVIATION:CoaE.1# citations: AUTHORS:Daugherty M, Polanuyer B, Farrell M, Scholle M, Lykidis A, de Crecy-Lagard V, Osterman A. #TITLE:Complete reconstitution of the human coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway via comparative genomics.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11923312# AUTHORS:Aghajanian S, Worrall DM.#TITLE:Identification and characterization of the gene encoding the human phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase and dephospho-CoA kinase bifunctional enzyme (CoA synthase).#JOURNAL:Biochem J.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11994049# GENE ASSOCIATION: (80347.1)
reactant: 669445
name: dephospho-CoA kinase
product: 669482
reversible: false
fast: false

669470
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

669494
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

669458
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746020

746020
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dephospho-CoA_C21H33N7O13P2S

669445
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

669482
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

746719
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Histamine_C5H10N3

756072
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 664562
product: 664598
notes: Abbreviation: R_G12MT1_U Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.1.131 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : gdpmann + (0.1) m2mpdol_U --> gdp + h + (0.1) m3mpdol_U Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: Glycolipid 1,2-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase (uterus)
fast: false
product: 664586
product: 664610
reactant: 664574

664562
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746409

664598
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

664586
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746401

664610
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747399

747399
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)3-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitodiphosphodolichol, human uterine homolog_C1425H2340N20O370P20

664574
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747391

747391
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)2-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human uterine homolog_C1365H2240N20O320P20

749079
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Xyl-L-Ser (protein)_C5H9O4X

748055
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Phenylalanine_C9H11NO2

753339
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL170 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + hpdca <==> amp + hpdcacoa + ppi Confidence Level: 4 AR genes: LOCUS:_2182#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL4# LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# LOCUS:_22305#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL6#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# LOCUS:_22305#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACSL6#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4#ABBREVIATION:Acsl4.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.2# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6#ABBREVIATION:Acsl6.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6 #ABBREVIATION:Acsl6.2# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (22305.2) or (2182.1) or (2180.1) or (2181.2) or (2181.1) or (22305.1)
fast: false
product: 599236
reversible: true
product: 599248
reactant: 599212
reactant: 599188
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
reactant: 599200
product: 599224

599236
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746743

746743
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: heptadecanoyl coa_C38H64N7O17P3S

599248
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

599212
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746739

746739
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: heptadecanoate_C17H33O2

599188
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

599200
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

599224
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

755625
type: Reaction
product: 653986
product: 653974
reactant: 653962
reactant: 653950
notes: Abbreviation: R_GTHDH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.8.5.1 SUBSYSTEM: Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism Equation: [c] : dhdascb + (2) gthrd --> ascb-L + gthox Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Glutathione dehydrogenase (dehydroascorbate reductase)

653986
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746559

746559
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Oxidized glutathione_C20H30N6O12S2

653974
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745092

745092
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Ascorbate_C6H8O6

653962
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746565

746565
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Reduced glutathione_C10H16N3O6S

653950
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745858

745858
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dehydroascorbate_C6H6O6

754181
type: Reaction
product: 619468
reactant: 619456
notes: Abbreviation: R_24NPHte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _24nph[e] <==> 24nph[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, related cyp P450 metabolism reactions NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport

619468
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743998

743998
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2,4 dihydroxy nitrophenol_C6H5NO4

619456
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744000

744000
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _2,4 dihydroxy nitrophenol_C6H5NO4

748819
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Thiosulfate_O3S2

745638
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA) proteoglycan_C45H63N2O54S6X

753965
type: Reaction
reactant: 614484
reactant: 614472
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
product: 614508
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL241 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + nrvnc <==> amp + nrvnccoa + ppi Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2180.1)
product: 614532
fast: false
product: 614520
reversible: true
reactant: 614496

614484
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

614472
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

614508
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

614532
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

614520
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747781

747781
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: nervonyl coenzyme A_C45H76N7O17P3S

614496
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747777

747777
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: nervonic acid_C24H45O2

747847
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: octadecenoate (n-C18:1)_C18H33O2

752917
type: Reaction
product: 589466
reactant: 589454
notes: Abbreviation: R_ORETNtn2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: _13-cis-oretn[c] <==> 13-cis-oretn[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _13-cis-4-oxo-retinoic acid transport, Nuclear

589466
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743924

743924
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _13-cis-oxo-retinoic acid_C20H27O3

589454
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743922

743922
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _13-cis-oxo-retinoic acid_C20H27O3

745130
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Tocotrienol_C29H44O2

744580
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: protein-linked serine residue (glycosaminoglycan attachment site)_XH

746176
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: estrone glucuronide_C24H30O8

756142
type: Reaction
product: 666198
product: 666186
reactant: 666174
reactant: 666161
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK14 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : dcmp + utp <==> dcdp + udp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (dCMP,UTP)

666198
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748857

666186
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745716

666174
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748945

748945
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: UTP_C9H11N2O15P3

666161
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745724

745724
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dCMP_C9H12N3O7P

746781
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 1_C79H115N5O99S11

753873
type: Reaction
product: 612207
product: 612195
reactant: 612183
reactant: 612171
notes: Abbreviation: R_TKT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.2.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Pentose Phosphate Pathway Equation: [c] : r5p + xu5p-D <==> g3p + s7p Confidence Level: 0 SMP Two reactions for transketolase: TKT1 and TKT2 genes: LOCUS:_7086#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TKT#ECNUMBERS:2.2.1.1# LOCUS:_8277#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TKTL1# LOCUS:_84076#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DKFZP434L1717# proteins: NAME:transketolase#ABBREVIATION:Tkt.1# NAME:transketolase#ABBREVIATION:Tktl1.1# NAME:similar to transketolase#ABBREVIATION:Dkfzp434l1717.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (7086.1) or (84076.1) or (8277.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: transketolase

612207
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748409

748409
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate_C7H13O10P

612195
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746328

746328
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate_C3H5O6P

612183
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749089

749089
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Xylulose 5-phosphate_C5H9O8P

612171
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748323

753453
type: Reaction
product: 602043
reactant: 602031
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2O2tly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: h2o2[c] <==> h2o2[l] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ohno Y, Gallin JI. #TITLE:Diffusion of extracellular hydrogen peroxide into intracellular compartments of human neutrophils. Studies utilizing the inactivation of myeloperoxidase by hydrogen peroxide and azide.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2989289# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: hydrogen peroxide lysosomal transport via diffusion

602043
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746599

746599
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Hydrogen peroxide_H2O2

602031
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

751603
type: Reaction
reversible: false
name: fatty acyl-CoA desaturase (n-C18:2CoA -> n-C18:3CoA)
reactant: 557996
notes: Abbreviation: R_DESAT18_10 Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.14.19.1 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid elongation Equation: [c] : h + lnlncacoa + nadh + o2 --> (2) h2o + nad + strdnccoa Confidence Level: 4 for homo sapiens, noted to actually be NADH-cyt b5, using NADH at present NJ genes: LOCUS:_9415#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FADS2#ECNUMBERS:1.14.99.25# proteins: NAME:fatty acid desaturase 2#ABBREVIATION:Fads2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Horrobin DF#TITLE:Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:1990# AUTHORS:Leonard AE, Bobik EG, Dorado J, Kroeger PE, Chuang LT, Thurmond JM, Parker-Barnes JM, Das T, Huang YS, Mukerji P#TITLE:Cloning of a human cDNA encoding a novel enzyme involved in the elongation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:Cho HP, Nakamura MT, Clarke SD#TITLE:Cloning, expression, and nutritional regulation of the mammalian delta-6 desaturase#JOURNAL:The Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Pereira SL, Leonard AE, Mukerji P#TITLE:Recent advances in the study of fatty acid desaturases from animals and lower eukaryotes#JOURNAL:Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9415.1)
reactant: 558008
product: 558044
fast: false
reactant: 558032
reactant: 558020
product: 558056
product: 558068

557996
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

558008
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747329

747329
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Linolenoyl-CoA_C39H60N7O17P3S

558044
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

558032
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

558020
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

558056
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

558068
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748549

748549
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: stearidonyl coenzyme A_C39H58N7O17P3S

752825
type: Reaction
product: 587361
product: 587349
reactant: 587337
reactant: 587325
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACP1_LPAREN_FMN_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.2 SUBSYSTEM: Riboflavin Metabolism Equation: [c] : fmn + h2o --> pi + ribflv Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_52#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACP1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# LOCUS:_52#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACP1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# LOCUS:_52#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ACP1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# proteins: NAME:acid phosphatase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Acp1.1# NAME:acid phosphatase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Acp1.2# NAME:acid phosphatase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Acp1.3# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (52.1) or (52.3) or (52.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: acid phosphatase (FMN)

587361
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748381

748381
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Riboflavin_C17H20N4O6

587349
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

587337
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

587325
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746232

746232
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: FMN_C17H19N4O9P

751963
type: Reaction
product: 566685
reactant: 566673
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_n2m2nmasn_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : n2m2nmasn <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4)-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R exchange

566685
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749689

749689
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4)-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R_C58H96N5O40X

566673
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747637

747637
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4)-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R_C58H96N5O40X

752159
type: Reaction
product: 571359
reactant: 571347
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_5dhf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 5dhf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: pentaglutamyl folate (DHF) exchange

571359
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749183

749183
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: pentaglutamyl folate (DHF)_C39H43N11O18

571347
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744352

746104
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: ebastine_C32H39NO2

752891
type: Reaction
product: 588838
product: 588826
reactant: 588814
reactant: 588802
notes: Abbreviation: R_PDX5PO Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin B6 Metabolism Equation: [c] : o2 + pdx5p <==> h2o2 + pydx5p Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_55163#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PNPO#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.5# proteins: NAME:Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase #ABBREVIATION:PnpO.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ink SL, Henderson LM.#TITLE:Vitamin B6 metabolism.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6380540# AUTHORS:Kang JH, Hong ML, Kim DW, Park J, Kang TC, Won MH, Baek NI, Moon BJ, Choi SY, Kwon OS.#TITLE:Genomic organization, tissue distribution and deletion mutation of human pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase.#JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15182361# AUTHORS:Mehansho H, Henderson LM.#TITLE:Transport and accumulation of pyridoxine and pyridoxal by erythrocytes.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1980#PUBMED:J Biol Chem.# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55163.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase

588838
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748287

748287
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate_C8H8NO6P

588826
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

588814
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748009

748009
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate_C8H10NO6P

588802
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

750521
type: Reaction
product: 532555
product: 532567
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_HPYRRy Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h + hpyr + nadph --> glyc-R + nadp Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_9380#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GRHPR#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.79# proteins: NAME:glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase#ABBREVIATION:Grhpr.1# citations: AUTHORS:Van Schaftingen E, Draye JP, Van Hoof F#TITLE:Coenzyme specificity of mammalian liver D-glycerate dehydrogenase#JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2689175# AUTHORS:Poore RE, Hurst CH, Assimos DG, Holmes RP#TITLE:Pathways of hepatic oxalate synthesis and their regulation#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9038835# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9380.1)
reactant: 532542
reactant: 532530
reversible: false
reactant: 532518
name: Hydroxypyruvate reductase (NADPH)

532555
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746461

746461
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (R)-Glycerate_C3H5O4

532567
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

532542
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

532530
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746751

746751
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hydroxypyruvate_C3H3O4

532518
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

751843
type: Reaction
product: 563736
reactant: 563698
reactant: 563711
name: N-acetylgalactosaminidase, alpha-
product: 563749
reactant: 563724
notes: Abbreviation: R_NAGAly Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.2.1.49 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [l] : acgagbside_hs + h + udp --> gbside_hs + udpacgal Confidence Level: 4 Alpha-galactosidase B NJ genes: LOCUS:_4668#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NAGA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.49# proteins: NAME:N-acetylgalactosaminidase, alpha-, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Naga.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Wang AM, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ.#TITLE:Human alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase-molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a full-length cDNA. Homology with human alpha-galactosidase A suggests evolution from a common ancestral gene. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2174888# AUTHORS:Tsuji S, Yamauchi T, Hiraiwa M, Isobe T, Okuyama T, Sakimura K, Takahashi Y, Nishizawa M, Uda Y, Miyatake T.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA for human alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (alpha-galactosidase B)#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2551294# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4668.1)
fast: false
reversible: false

563736
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746380

746380
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: globoside (homo sapiens)_C44H79N2O22FULLRCO

563698
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744676

744676
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: alpha GalNAc globoside (homo sapiens)_C52H92N3O27FULLRCO

563711
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

563749
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748875

563724
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748863

748863
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2

753039
type: Reaction
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
reactant: 592352
reactant: 592340
product: 592376
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC11 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : coa + dmnoncoa + h2o + nad --> accoa + dmhptcoa + h + nadh Confidence Level: 2 TV Other enzymes: 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.74, 4.2.1.17, 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211 1 round of beta ox of branched chain FA from peroxisome NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Verhoeven NM, Wanders RJ, Poll-The BT, Saudubray JM, Jakobs C.#TITLE:The metabolism of phytanic acid and pristanic acid in man: a review.#JOURNAL:J Inherit Metab Dis#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9819701# GENE ASSOCIATION: (34.1)
reactant: 592328
product: 592412
reactant: 592364
product: 592388
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 592400

592352
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

592340
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745952

745952
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _4,8 dimethylnonanoyl-CoA_C32H54N7O17P3S

592376
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652

592328
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

592412
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

592364
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

592388
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745942

745942
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl-CoA_C30H52N7O17P3S

592400
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

749631
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactononic acid_C9H15O9

754869
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 636195
reactant: 636171
reactant: 636159
reversible: false
reactant: 636183
name: _3-Dehydrosphinganine reductase
product: 636207
notes: Abbreviation: R_3DSPHR Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.102 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : 3dsphgn + h + nadph --> nadp + sphgn Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2531#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FVT1# proteins: NAME:folliclular lymphoma variant translocation 1#ABBREVIATION:Fvt1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2531.1)

636195
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

636171
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

636159
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744128

636183
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

636207
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748499

748499
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Sphinganine_C18H40NO2

753647
type: Reaction
product: 606559
reactant: 606547
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCFUC12GAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: fucfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> fucfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport

606559
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746275

746275
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Ley glycolipid_C56H99N2O30FULLRCO

606547
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746277

746277
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Ley glycolipid_C56H99N2O30FULLRCO

747625
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Methylglyoxal_C3H4O2

749425
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852

746178
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: estrone glucuronide_C24H30O8

750761
type: Reaction
product: 538119
reactant: 538107
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR31 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: [c] : stcoa --> (1.125) R3coa_hs Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R group artificial flux

538119
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.125
species: 744530

744530
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R group 3 Coenzyme A homo sapiens_XCO2C21H31N7O15P3S

538107
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748531

748531
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Stearoyl-CoA (n-C18:0CoA)_C39H66N7O17P3S

757018
type: Reaction
reactant: 687058
reactant: 687034
product: 687095
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR211 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: clpndcoa[c] + (3) fadh2[m] + (2) h[m] + (2) nadph[m] --> (1.375) R2coa_hs[c] + (3) fad[m] + (2) nadp[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
name: R group artificial flux
product: 687071
reactant: 687022
reactant: 687046
product: 687083

687058
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747703

687034
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746218

687095
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747693

687071
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.375
species: 744526

744526
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R group 2 Coenzyme A homo sapiens_XCO2C21H31N7O15P3S

687022
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745370

745370
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: clupanodonyl CoA_C43H64N7O17P3S

687046
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746631

687083
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746214

747677
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide_C21H26N7O14P2

744124
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-Decaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate_C58H87O4

753229
type: Reaction
product: 596669
product: 596657
reactant: 596645
reactant: 596633
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALASE3ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + ksi_deg5 --> (2) gal + ksi_deg6 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Bielic…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-galactosidase, lysosomal

596669
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747033

747033
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 6_C210H336N15O184S11

596657
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746340

746340
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: D-Galactose_C6H12O6

596645
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747031

747031
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 5_C222H356N15O194S11

596633
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613

746312
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: glucosyl-(alpha-D-mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine, isoform B (protein)_C70H117N2O55X

747503
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Melatonin_C13H16N2O2

755183
type: Reaction
product: 643877
product: 643865
reactant: 643852
reactant: 643840
notes: Abbreviation: R_HKYNH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.7.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + hLkynr --> 3hanthrn + ala-L Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8942#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:KYNU#ECNUMBERS:3.7.1.3# proteins: NAME:kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase)#ABBREVIATION:Kynu.1# citations: AUTHORS:Toma S, Nakamura M, Tone S, Okuno E, Kido R, Breton J, Avanzi N, Cozzi L, Speciale C, Mostardini M, Gatti S, Benatti L#TITLE:Cloning and recombinant expression of rat and human kynureninase#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9180257# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8942.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase

643877
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744938

643865
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744134

744134
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Hydroxyanthranilate_C7H7NO3

643852
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746623

643840
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

744488
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-2-Aminoadipate_C6H10NO4

751569
type: Reaction
product: 557305
reversible: false
product: 557330
fast: false
reactant: 557293
notes: Abbreviation: R_H3MTer_L Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolmanp_L + m2gacpail_hs --> (0.1) dolp_L + h + m3gacpail_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_9488#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGB# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class B, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigb.1-r# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Takahashi M, Inoue N, Ohishi K, Maeda Y, Nakamura N, Endo Y, Fujita T, Takeda J, Kinoshita T#TITLE:PIG-B, a membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum with a large lumenal domain, is involved in transferring the third mannose of the GPI anchor#JOURNAL:EMBO J#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8861954# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9488.1)
product: 557317
name: H3 mannosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum
reactant: 557281

557305
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746004

557330
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747395

747395
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: trimannosyl-glucosaminyl-acylphosphatidylinositol (H4)_C49H88NO29PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

557293
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747383

747383
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: dimannosyl-glucosaminyl-acylphosphatidylinositol (H3)_C43H78NO24PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

557317
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

557281
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745996

747555
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate_C6H7O21P5

755155
type: Reaction
product: 643189
reactant: 643177
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_crn_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : crn <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-Carnitine exchange

643189
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749375

749375
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3

643177
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745484

749633
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: keratan sulfate I_C247H393N17O213S12X

753185
type: Reaction
name: delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase, perixosomal
fast: false
reactant: 595716
reactant: 595728
product: 595764
notes: Abbreviation: R_1PPDCRp Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Lysine Metabolism Equation: [x] : 1pipdn2c + h + nadh --> Lpipecol + nad Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:IJlst L, de Kromme I, Oostheim W, Wanders RJ.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of human L-pipecolate oxidase.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10772957# AUTHORS:Murthy SN, Janardanasarma MK.#TITLE:Identification of L-amino acid/L-lysine alpha-amino oxidase in mouse brain.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10485319# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 595752
reactant: 595740
reversible: false

595716
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743974

743974
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: delta1-Piperideine-2-carboxylate_C6H9NO2

595728
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637

595764
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747679

747679
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide_C21H26N7O14P2

595752
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744506

744506
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: L-Pipecolate_C6H11NO2

595740
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747687

747687
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - reduced_C21H27N7O14P2

747627
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Myristoyl-ACP (n-C14:0ACP)_C25H47N2O8PRS

750284
type: Reaction
product: 526663
reactant: 526651
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_cl_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : cl <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Chloride exchange

526663
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749359

749359
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Chloride_Cl

526651
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745362

745362
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Chloride_Cl

751477
type: Reaction
product: 555006
reactant: 554994
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_fucfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : fucfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Leb glycolipid exchange

555006
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749499

749499
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Leb glycolipid_C56H99N2O30FULLRCO

554994
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746291

752021
type: Reaction
product: 568183
product: 568171
reactant: 568159
reactant: 568147
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALASE13ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg35 --> gal + ksi_deg36 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Bielicki J,…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-galactosidase, lysosomal

568183
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747015

747015
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 36_C62H103N4O49S1

568171
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746340

568159
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747013

747013
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 35_C68H113N4O54S1

568147
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

748735
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Thymine_C5H6N2O2

756122
type: Reaction
name: ABO blood group (transferase A, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; transferase B, alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase)
product: 665657
notes: Abbreviation: R_ABO3g Synonyms: _11 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : fuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + udpgal --> galfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_28#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABO# proteins: NAME:ABO blood group#ABBREVIATION:Abo.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lloyd KO.#TITLE:The chemistry and immunochemistry of blood group A, B, H, and Lewis antigens: past, present and future.#JOURNAL:Glycoconj J#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11421346# AUTHORS:Yamamoto F.-I., Hakomori S.-I.;#TITLE:Sugar-nucleotide donor specificity of histo-blood group A and B transferases is based on amino acid substitutions#JOURNAL:J. Biol. Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2121736# AUTHORS:Patenaude S.I., Seto N.O.L., Borisova S.N., Szpacenko A., Marcus S.L., Palcic M.M., Evans S.V.;#TITLE:The structural basis for specificity in human ABO(H) blood group biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Nat. Struct. Biol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12198488# GENE ASSOCIATION: (28.1)
fast: false
reactant: 665645
product: 665681
reactant: 665633
reversible: false
product: 665669

665657
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746352

665645
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887

665681
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

665633
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746253

746253
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Type IIH glycolipid_C50H89N2O26FULLRCO

665669
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

750367
type: Reaction
reactant: 528849
fast: false
product: 528876
product: 528889
reactant: 528862
reversible: false
product: 528902
name: Glycolipid 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase (liver)
notes: Abbreviation: R_G13MT_L Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.1.132 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : gdpmann + (0.1) mpdol_L --> gdp + h + (0.1) m1mpdol_L Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_85365#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALG2# LOCUS:_85365#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALG2# proteins: NAME:alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Alg2.1# NAME:asparagine-linked glycosylation 2 homolog (yeast, alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase) #ABBREVIATION:Alg2.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (85365.1) or (85365.2)

528849
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746409

528876
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746401

528889
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

528862
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747615

747615
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-D-Mannosyldiacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1300H2128N20O220P20

528902
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747377

747377
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-D-mannosyl-beta-D-mannosyl-diacylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1360H2228N20O270P20

748529
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Serotonin_C10H13N2O

752605
type: Reaction
reactant: 582190
reactant: 582202
product: 582250
reversible: true
reactant: 582214
name: formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase, mitochondrial
product: 582238
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FTHFLm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.4.3 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [m] : atp + for + thf <==> 10fthf + adp + pi Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_25902#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTHFD1L# proteins: NAME:methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1-like, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Mthfd1l-m# citations: AUTHORS:Prasannan P, Pike S, Peng K, Shane B, Appling DR#TITLE:Human mitochondrial C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase: gene structure, tissue distribution of the mRNA, and immunolocalization in Chinese hamster ovary calls#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12937168# GENE ASSOCIATION: (25902.1)
product: 582226

582190
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118

745118
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3

582202
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746240

746240
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Formate_CH1O2

582250
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099

582214
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748703

748703
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate_C19H21N7O6

582238
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822

582226
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743894

743894
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _10-Formyltetrahydrofolate_C20H21N7O7

750395
type: Reaction
product: 529673
reversible: false
name: _5-aminolevulinate synthase
fast: false
product: 529661
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALASm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.37 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [m] : gly + h + succoa --> 5aop + co2 + coa Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_212#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALAS2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.37# LOCUS:_211#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALAS1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.37# LOCUS:_23464#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GCAT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.29# LOCUS:_211#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALAS1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.37# proteins: NAME:glycine C-acetyltransferase (2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Gcat.1-m# NAME:aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 1, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Alas1.1-m# NAME:minolevulinate, delta-, synthase 1, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Alas1.2-m# NAME:_5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial precursor #ABBREVIATION:Alas2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Bishop DF.#TITLE:Two different genes encode delta-aminolevulinate synthase in humans: nucleotide sequences of cDNAs for the housekeeping and erythroid genes. #YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2263504# GENE ASSOCIATION: (212.1) or (23464.1) or (211.2) or (211.1)
reactant: 529613
product: 529649
reactant: 529625
reactant: 529637

529673
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

529661
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745410

529613
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746453

529649
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744348

744348
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _5-Amino-4-oxopentanoate_C5H9NO3

529625
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

529637
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748569

748569
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Succinyl-CoA_C25H35N7O19P3S

746639
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: hyaluronan degradation product 1_C22H33N2O16

748975
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Vitamin D2_C28H44O

746196
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Ethanol_C2H6O

749896
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Triiodothyronine sulfate_C15H11I3NO7S

745506
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cervonic acid, C22:6 n-3_C22H31O2

753843
type: Reaction
reactant: 611338
product: 611362
reactant: 611302
name: _1-alpha-Vitamin D-25-hydroxylase (D3)
reversible: false
reactant: 611326
notes: Abbreviation: R_25VITD3Hm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin D Equation: [m] : 25hvitd3 + h + nadph + o2 --> 1a25dhvitd3 + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.196 IT genes: LOCUS:_1594#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP27B1#ECNUMBERS:1.14.-.-# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 #ABBREVIATION:Cyp27b1.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Yokomura K, Suda T, Sasaki S, Inui N, Chida K, Nakamura H. #TITLE:Increased expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase gene in alveolar macrophages of patients with lung cancer.#JOURNAL:J Clin Endocrinol Metab. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14671156# AUTHORS:St-Arnaud R, Messerlian S, Moir JM, Omdahl JL, Glorieux FH.#TITLE:The 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene maps to the pseudovitamin D-deficiency rickets (PDDR) disease locus.#JOURNAL: J Bone Miner Res. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9333115# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1594.1)
reactant: 611314
fast: false
product: 611374
product: 611350

611338
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799

611362
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

611302
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744014

744014
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _25-Hydroxyvitamin D3_C27H44O2

611326
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703

611314
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

611374
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693

611350
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743960

743960
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _1-alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3_C27H44O3

754649
type: Reaction
reactant: 630842
product: 630890
name: Beta oxidation fatty acid
fast: false
reactant: 630806
reactant: 630854
product: 630914
product: 630902
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC161802m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [m] : (4) coa + (3) fad + (4) h2o + hdd2coa + (4) nad --> (4) accoa + (3) fadh2 + (4) h + (4) nadh + occoa Confidence Level: 4 _4 rounds of beta ox, 1 loss of degree of unsat -> only 3 fad oxidized c16:1 -> c8:0 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (34.1) or (35.1)
reactant: 630830
reversible: false
product: 630866
reactant: 630818
product: 630878

630842
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746681

746681
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858

630890
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746631

630806
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 745428

630854
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 747673

630914
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747837

630902
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 747683

630830
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746615

630866
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 744652

630818
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746214

630878
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746218

745988
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichol, human liver homolog_C1080H1768O10

754203
type: Reaction
reactant: 619927
notes: Abbreviation: R_MECOAS1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.4 SUBSYSTEM: C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism Equation: [m] : coa + gtp + mescon <==> gdp + mescoa + pi Confidence Level: 2 IF genes: LOCUS:_8802#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUCLG1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.4# LOCUS:_8801#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUCLG2#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.4# proteins: NAME:Succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming), mitochondiral#ABBREVIATION:Suclg-m# citations: AUTHORS:WANG SF, ADLER J, LARDY HA#TITLE:The pathway of itaconate metabolism by liver mitochondria#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1961#PUBMED:13783048# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8802.1 and 8801.1)
fast: false
product: 619975
name: mesaconate--CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
product: 619987
reactant: 619951
reactant: 619939
reversible: true
product: 619963

619927
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

619975
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747533

619987
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099

619951
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747535

747535
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Mesaconate_C5H4O4

619939
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746575

746575
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: GTP_C10H12N5O14P3

619963
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746404

757437
type: Reaction
product: 697031
reactant: 696995
reactant: 696970
product: 697019
reactant: 696982
fast: false
product: 697008
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALACYSNaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ala-L[e] + cys-L[c] + na1[e] --> ala-L[c] + cys-L[e] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6509#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A4# LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a4.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6509.1) or (6510.1)
reversible: false
name: L-alanine/L-cysteine Na-dependent exchange (Ala-L in)

697031
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

696995
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659

696970
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744940

697019
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745658

745658
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Cysteine_C3H7NO2S

696982
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745656

745656
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Cysteine_C3H7NO2S

697008
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744938

746044
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dTDP-L-rhamnose_C16H24N2O15P2

751105
type: Reaction
product: 545973
fast: false
product: 545961
name: L-serine/L-asparagine Na-dependent exchange (Ser-L in)
reactant: 545925
reactant: 545937
reversible: false
product: 545985
reactant: 545949
notes: Abbreviation: R_SERASNNaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: asn-L[c] + na1[e] + ser-L[e] --> asn-L[e] + na1[c] + ser-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6510.1)

545973
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

545961
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745098

745098
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Asparagine_C4H8N2O3

545925
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745096

545937
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659

545985
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748455

545949
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748457

748457
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Serine_C3H7NO3

757323
type: Reaction
product: 694342
reactant: 694282
name: Itaconate--CoA ligase (ADP-forming), mitochondrial
notes: Abbreviation: R_ITCOALm Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 6.2.1.5 SUBSYSTEM: C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism Equation: [m] : atp + coa + itacon <==> adp + itaccoa + pi Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8802#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUCLG1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.4# LOCUS:_8803#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUCLA2#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.5# proteins: NAME:succinate--CoA ligase, ADP forming, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Sucla-m# citations: AUTHORS:WANG SF, ADLER J, LARDY HA#TITLE:The pathway of itaconate metabolism by liver mitochondria#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1961#PUBMED:13783048# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8802.1 and 8803.1)
product: 694330
reactant: 694294
reversible: true
product: 694318
reactant: 694306
fast: false

694342
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099

694282
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118

694330
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746935

694294
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

694318
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822

694306
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746937

746937
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Itaconate_C5H4O4

754279
type: Reaction
product: 621888
reversible: false
product: 621864
reactant: 621852
name: noradrenaline N-methyltransferase
fast: false
reactant: 621840
product: 621876
notes: Abbreviation: R_NORANMT Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.1.1.28 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : amet + nrpphr --> adrnl + ahcys + h Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_5409#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PNMT#ECNUMBERS:2.1.1.28# proteins: NAME:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Pnmt.1# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5409.1)

621888
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

621864
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744860

744860
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Adrenaline_C9H14NO3

621852
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747769

621840
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744966

744966
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine_C15H23N6O5S

621876
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744880

744880
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine_C14H20N6O5S

748209
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: L-Proline_C5H9NO2

754801
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_UAGALDP Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Aminosugar Metabolism Equation: [c] : acgal1p + h + utp --> ppi + udpacgal Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 634546
fast: false
reversible: false
reactant: 634534
product: 634570
product: 634558
name: UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine diphosphorylase
reactant: 634522

634546
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748945

634534
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

634570
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748871

748871
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

634558
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

634522
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744678

744678
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate_C8H14NO9P

744350
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: pentaglutamyl folate (DHF)_C39H43N11O18

751013
type: Reaction
product: 543882
product: 543870
reactant: 543858
reactant: 543845
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEX3ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.52 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cs_b_deg1 + h2o --> acgal + cs_b_deg2 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexB-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1) or (3074.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, lysosomal

543882
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745532

745532
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate B / dermatan sulfate (IdoA2S-GalNAc4S), degradation product 2_C37H54NO41S3

543870
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744684

744684
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine_C8H15NO6

543858
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

543845
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745530

747335
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: alpha-linolenyl carnitine_C25H43NO4

744144
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858

750675
type: Reaction
product: 536073
product: 536061
reactant: 536049
reactant: 536037
notes: Abbreviation: R_METLEUex Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: leu-L[c] + met-L[e] --> leu-L[e] + met-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see PMID 14770310 genes: LOCUS:_6520#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC3A2# LOCUS:_8140#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 7 member 5/family 3 member 2 heterodimer#ABBREVIATION:Slc3a2/7a5# citations: AUTHORS:Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770310# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6520.1 and 8140.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Methionine/Leucine exchange (Met in)

536073
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747537

536061
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747241

747241
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Leucine_C6H13NO2

536049
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747539

536037
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747239

747239
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Leucine_C6H13NO2

757092
type: Reaction
product: 688928
notes: Abbreviation: R_DPCOAPP Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: CoA Catabolism Equation: [c] : dpcoa + h2o --> amp + (2) h + pan4p Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reversible: false
reactant: 688892
fast: false
product: 688904
reactant: 688880
name: pyrophasphatase (dephospho-CoA)
product: 688916

688928
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747973

747973
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Pantetheine 4'-phosphate_C11H21N2O7PS

688892
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

688904
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

688880
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746020

688916
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

748139
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Diphosphate_HO7P2

757082
type: Reaction
product: 688712
product: 688700
reactant: 688688
reactant: 688676
notes: Abbreviation: R_NDPK3n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.6 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : atp + cdp <==> adp + ctp Confidence Level: 4 Many nucleoside diphosphates (eight described) can act as acceptors. While many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donors, only ATP is chosen as a donor to minimize the number of total reactions. genes: LOCUS:_4831#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME2# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME1# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NME1# proteins: NAME:Nucleosinde diphosphate kinase AB, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:NME12_n.1# NAME:Nucleosinde diphosphate kinase AB, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:NME12_n.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4831.1 and 4830.1) or (4830.2 and 4831.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (ATP:CDP),nuclear

688712
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745648

688700
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744824

688688
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745272

688676
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120

747575
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1D-myo-Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate_C6H10O12P2

744022
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-Carboxy-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxyindole_C9H8NO4

751257
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_HS1ly Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 3.10.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg1 --> h + hs_deg2 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6448#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SGSH# proteins: NAME:N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (sulfamidase), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Sgsh.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Scott HS, Blanch L, Guo XH, Freeman C, Orsborn A, Baker E, Sutherland GR, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Cloning of the sulphamidase gene and identification of mutations in Sanfilippo A syndrome#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7493035# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ, Melville EL, Anson DS#TITLE:Recombinant human sulphamidase: expression, amplification, purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9405287# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6448.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 549691
name: heparan-N-sulfatase, lysosomal
reactant: 549679
product: 549715
product: 549703
reactant: 549667

549691
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

549679
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746781

549715
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483

549703
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746795

549667
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

751207
type: Reaction
product: 548566
reactant: 548518
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLUt6 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: glu-L[e] + h[e] + k[c] + (3) na1[e] --> glu-L[c] + h[c] + k[e] + (3) na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2003 genes: LOCUS:_6511#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A6# LOCUS:_6507#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A3# LOCUS:_6506#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A2# LOCUS:_6505#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A1# LOCUS:_6512#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A7# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a3.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (high affinity aspartate/glutamate transporter), member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a6.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (glutamate transporter), member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a7.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6511.1) or (6505.1) or (6507.1) or (6506.1) or (6512.1)
product: 548578
product: 548554
reversible: false
reactant: 548530
fast: false
reactant: 548494
product: 548542
name: Glutamate transport via Na, H symport and K antiport
reactant: 548506

548566
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746949

548518
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746947

548578
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747657

548554
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

548530
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747659

548494
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746436

548542
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

548506
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627

755942
type: Reaction
product: 661841
reactant: 661829
notes: Abbreviation: R_DCTPtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: dctp[c] <==> dctp[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dCTP diffusion in nucleus

661841
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745750

745750
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dCTP_C9H12N3O13P3

661829
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745746

745746
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dCTP_C9H12N3O13P3

753937
type: Reaction
product: 613880
reactant: 613868
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_gtp_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : gtp <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: GTP exchange

613880
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749575

749575
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GTP_C10H12N5O14P3

613868
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746573

746573
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GTP_C10H12N5O14P3

754593
type: Reaction
product: 629663
product: 629651
reactant: 629639
reactant: 629627
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCASEe Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 3.2.1.51 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Degradation Equation: [e] : h2o + s2l2fn2m2masn --> fuc-L + s2l2n2m2masn Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2519#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUCA2#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.51# proteins: NAME:alpha-fucosidase 2, extracellular (plasma)#ABBREVIATION:Fuca2.1-e# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (2519.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-fucosidase, extracellular

629663
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748401

629651
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746263

746263
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Fucose_C6H12O5

629639
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748391

629627
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609

754505
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 627685
fast: false
reactant: 627697
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4503A4 Synonyms: _5 SUBSYSTEM: CYP Metabolism Equation: [c] : h + nadph + nifedipine + o2 --> h2o + hnifedipine + nadp Confidence Level: 4 N-oxidation of nifedipine assumed to take place on outer membrane NJ genes: LOCUS:_1576#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP3A4#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4#ABBREVIATION:Cyp3a4.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lewis DF.#TITLE:_57 varieties: the human cytochromes P450.#JOURNAL:Pharmacogenomics#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15579107# AUTHORS:Molowa DT, Schuetz EG, Wrighton SA, Watkins PB, Kremers P, Mendez-Picon G, Parker GA, Guzelian PS.#TITLE:Complete cDNA sequence of a cytochrome P-450 inducible by glucocorticoids in human liver.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:3460094# AUTHORS:Finta C, Zaphiropoulos PG.#TITLE:Intergenic mRNA molecules resulting from trans-splicing.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11726664# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1576.1)
product: 627757
product: 627745
reactant: 627709
name: cytochrome P450 3A4
product: 627733
reactant: 627721

627685
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

627697
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

627757
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

627745
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746731

746731
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: hydroxy nifedipine_C17H18N2O7

627709
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747741

627733
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

627721
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

746587
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Gulonate_C6H11O7

750919
type: Reaction
name: glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) deacylase, endoplasmic reticulum
reactant: 541783
notes: Abbreviation: R_GPIDAer Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [r] : gpi_prot_hs + h2o --> dgpi_prot_hs + h + hdca Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_80055#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PGAP1# proteins: NAME:GPI deacylase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pgap1.1-r# citations: AUTHORS:Tanaka S, Maeda Y, Tashima Y, Kinoshita T#TITLE:Inositol deacylation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins is mediated by mammalian PGAP1 and yeast Bst1p#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14734546# GENE ASSOCIATION: (80055.1)
reactant: 541796
reversible: false
product: 541809
fast: false
product: 541822
product: 541835

541783
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746511

746511
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein_C55H106N4O38P4FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2X

541796
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619

541809
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745818

745818
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: deacylated-glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein_C39H76N4O37P4FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2X

541822
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

541835
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746663

748755
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: timnodonic acid C20:5, n-3_C20H29O2

747731
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Ammonium_H4N

745402
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-Amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde_C7H6NO5

751447
type: Reaction
product: 554259
product: 554247
reactant: 554235
reactant: 554223
notes: Abbreviation: R_C160CPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + pmtcrn --> crn + pmtcoa Confidence Level: 4 TV genes: LOCUS:_1376#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# proteins: NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Cpt2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Finocchiaro G, Taroni F, Rocchi M, Martin AL, Colombo I, Tarelli GT, DiDonato S. #TITLE:cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the gene for human carnitine palmitoyltransferase. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1988962# AUTHORS:Taroni F, Verderio E, Fiorucci S, Cavadini P, Finocchiaro G, Uziel G, Lamantea E, Gellera C, DiDonato S.#TITLE:Molecular characterization of inherited carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1528846# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1376.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: C160 transport into the mitochondria

554259
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748109

748109
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Palmitoyl-CoA (n-C16:0CoA)_C37H62N7O17P3S

554247
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486

554235
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748115

748115
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Palmitoylcarnitine_C23H45NO4

554223
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

749762
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Phosphate_HO4P

749718
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _9-O-Acetylated GD3 (homo sapiens)_C54H90N3O29FULLRCO

757162
type: Reaction
product: 690557
reactant: 690545
notes: Abbreviation: R_LCTStl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: lcts[c] --> lcts[l] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Gordon PB, Seglen PO.#TITLE:Prelysosomal convergence of autophagic and endocytic pathways#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3126737# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: lactose transport from cytosol to lysosome (via autophagocytosis)

690557
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747237

747237
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Lactose_C12H22O11

690545
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747231

747231
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Lactose_C12H22O11

756440
type: Reaction
product: 673206
product: 673194
product: 673182
reactant: 673170
notes: Abbreviation: R_CRTNsyn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Urea cycle/amino group metabolism Equation: [c] : pcreat --> crtn + h + pi Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Salway, JG#TITLE:Metabolism at a Glance, 2nd ed#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Creatinine synthase

673206
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

673194
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

673182
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745492

745492
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Creatinine_C4H7N3O

673170
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747997

747997
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phosphocreatine_C4H9N3O5P

745454
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Cortisone_C21H28O5

745090
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N(omega)-(L-Arginino)succinate_C10H17N4O6

752885
type: Reaction
product: 588656
reactant: 588644
notes: Abbreviation: R_SLDt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: sl-L[c] --> sl-L[e] Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Rein U, Gueta R, Denger K, Ruff J, Hollemeyer K, Cook AM.#TITLE:Dissimilation of cysteate via 3-sulfolactate sulfo-lyase and a sulfate exporter in Paracoccus pantotrophus NKNCYSA.#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15758220# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-sulfolactate transport (cytosol to extracellular)

588656
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748471

748471
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-sulfolactate_C3H4O6S

588644
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748469

748469
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-sulfolactate_C3H4O6S

751837
type: Reaction
product: 563608
reactant: 563596
notes: Abbreviation: R_GCHOLAte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: gchola[e] <==> gchola[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however bile acids need to be secreted out of the cell NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: bile acid intracellular transport

563608
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746383

746383
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: glycocholate_C26H43NO6

563596
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746384

746384
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: glycocholate_C26H43NO6

754745
type: Reaction
product: 633183
fast: false
reactant: 633146
name: Hydrogen peroxide synthesis (NADPH dependent)
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2O2syn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : h + nadph + o2 --> h2o2 + nadp Confidence Level: 2 SAB lumped reaction--first O2 goes to superoxide radical, then dismutes to H2O2 genes: LOCUS:_53905#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DUOX1# LOCUS:_53905#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:DUOX1# LOCUS:_50506#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DUOX2# proteins: NAME:dual oxidase 1#ABBREVIATION:Duox1.1# NAME:dual oxidase 1#ABBREVIATION:Doux1.2# NAME:dual oxidase 2#ABBREVIATION:Duox2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ameziane-El-Hassani R, Morand S, Boucher JL, Frapart YM, Apostolou D, Agnandji D, Gnidehou S, Ohayon R, Noel-Hudson MS, Francon J, Lalaoui K, Virion A, Dupuy C#TITLE:Dual Oxidase-2 Has an Intrinsic Ca2+-dependent H2O2-generating Activity#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15972824# AUTHORS:Forteza R, Salathe M, Miot F, Forteza R, Conner GE#TITLE:Regulated hydrogen peroxide production by Duox in human airway epithelial cells#JOURNAL:Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15677770# GENE ASSOCIATION: (53905.1) or (50506.1) or (53905.2)
reactant: 633171
reactant: 633159
reversible: false
product: 633195

633183
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

633146
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

633171
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

633159
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

633195
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

748603
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: taurocholic acid_C26H45NO7S

756680
type: Reaction
product: 678976
reactant: 678964
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_oxa_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : oxa <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Oxalate exchange

678976
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749738

749738
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Oxalate_C2O4

678964
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747907

756558
type: Reaction
product: 676001
reactant: 675989
notes: Abbreviation: R_DPCOAtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: dpcoa[l] <==> dpcoa[c] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Seetharam B, Alpers DH.#TITLE:Absorption and transport of cobalamin (vitamin B12).#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6313022# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dephospho-CoA transport from lysosome via diffusion

676001
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746020

675989
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746022

746022
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Dephospho-CoA_C21H33N7O13P2S

753551
type: Reaction
product: 604123
product: 604111
reactant: 604099
reactant: 604087
notes: Abbreviation: R_MOGAT Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Triacylglycerol Synthesis Equation: [c] : Rtotalcoa + mag_hs --> coa + dag_hs Confidence Level: 2 FULLR corresponds to acyl/R groups in texts. NJ genes: LOCUS:_80168#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MOGAT2# LOCUS:_116255#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MOGAT1# proteins: NAME:monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferse 1#ABBREVIATION:Mogat1.1# NAME:monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:Mogat2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Coleman RA, Lee DP#TITLE:Enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis and their regulation#JOURNAL:Prog in Lipid Research#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (116255.1) or (80168.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: monoacylglycerol acyltransferase

604123
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745690

604111
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

604099
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747457

747457
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: monoacylglycerol 2 (homo sapiens)_C3H7O2FULLR2CO2

604087
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744570

744570
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R total Coenzyme A_CO2FULLRC21H31N7O15P3S

754059
type: Reaction
name: cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase
product: 616656
reactant: 616620
reactant: 616596
notes: Abbreviation: R_LNS14DMr Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 1.14.14.1 SUBSYSTEM: Cholesterol Metabolism Equation: [r] : (2) h + lanost + (3) nadph + (3) o2 --> 44mctr + for + (4) h2o + (3) nadp Confidence Level: 4 NCD ER version NJ genes: LOCUS:_1595#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP51A1# proteins: NAME:cytochrom P450, family 51, subfamily A, polypeptide 1#ABBREVIATION:Cyp51a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Olivier LM, Krisans SK#TITLE:Peroxisomal protein targeting and identification of peroxisomal targeting signals in cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes#JOURNAL:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:Marijanovic Z, Laubner D, Moller G, Gege C, Husenn B, Adamski J, Breitling R#TITLE:Closing the gap: Identification of human 3-ketosteroid reductase, the last unknown enzyme of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Molecular Endocrinology#YEAR:2005# AUTHORS:Lepesheva GI, Waterman MR#TITLE:CYP51 - the omnipotent P450#JOURNAL:Molecular and Cell Endocrinology#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1595.1)
reactant: 616584
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 616668
product: 616632
reactant: 616608
product: 616644

616656
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746619

616620
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747803

616596
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747229

747229
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Lanosterol_C30H50O

616584
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746635

616668
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747697

616632
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744226

744226
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14,24-trienol_C29H46O

616608
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747707

616644
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746242

746242
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Formate_CH1O2

745610
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Cytosine_C4H5N3O

756548
type: Reaction
name: sarcosine oxidase, peroxisomal
reactant: 675687
product: 675736
notes: Abbreviation: R_SARCOXp Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.5.3.1 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [x] : h2o + o2 + sarcs --> fald + gly + h2o2 Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_51268#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIPOX#ECNUMBERS:1.5.3.1,,1.5.3.7# proteins: NAME:pipecolic acid/sarcosine oxidase, peroxisomal#ABBREVIATION:Pipox.1-x# citations: AUTHORS:Dodt G, Kim DG, Reimann SA, Reuber BE, McCabe K, Gould SJ, Mihalik SJ. #TITLE:L-Pipecolic acid oxidase, a human enzyme essential for the degradation of L-pipecolic acid, is most similar to the monomeric sarcosine oxidases.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10642506# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51268.1)
product: 675711
reactant: 675699
product: 675724
reactant: 675675
reversible: false
fast: false

675687
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747805

747805
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: O2_O2

675736
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746605

675711
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746224

746224
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Formaldehyde_CH2O

675699
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748423

748423
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Sarcosine_C3H7NO2

675724
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746454

746454
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Glycine_C2H5NO2

675675
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746621

756760
type: Reaction
product: 680741
reactant: 680729
notes: Abbreviation: R_7DHFtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: _7dhf[m] --> 7dhf[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism. IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _7-glutamyl-DHF transport,m mitochondrial

680741
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744456

744456
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: heptaglutamyl folate (DHF)_C49H55N13O24

680729
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744462

744462
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: heptaglutamyl folate (DHF)_C49H55N13O24

748843
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Tyramine O-sulfate_C8H11NO4S

746428
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: D-Glucuronate_C6H9O7

746064
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dUDP_C9H11N2O11P2

749764
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (R)-Pantothenate_C9H16NO5

753609
type: Reaction
product: 605553
product: 605541
reactant: 605529
reactant: 605517
notes: Abbreviation: R_NRPPHRt4_LPAREN_2_RPAREN_r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) na1[e] + nrpphr[e] <==> (2) na1[c] + nrpphr[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_6531#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A3# LOCUS:_6530#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW#TITLE:Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12719981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6530.1) or (6531.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Norepinephrine reversible transport in via sodium symport (1:2)

605553
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747769

605541
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747657

605529
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747771

747771
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Norepinephrine_C8H12NO3

605517
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659

757407
type: Reaction
product: 696257
reactant: 696233
name: Histamine secretion via secretory vesicle (ATP driven)
fast: false
reactant: 696209
reactant: 696221
product: 696245
product: 696281
notes: Abbreviation: R_HISTAVESSEC Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) atp[c] + (2) h2o[c] + (3) hista[c] --> (2) adp[c] + (2) h[c] + (3) hista[e] + (2) pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB This reaction represents the ATP driven secretion of hista from the cell. It leaves out the vesicle because that is not a compartment. ATP:H ratio is assumed as 1:3 for vacuolar ATPase and substrate:h ratio is 1:2. This gives a 3:2 ratio for substrate:ATP genes: LOCUS:_6571#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC18A2# LOCUS:_6570#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC18A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc18a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc18a2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Wagner CA, Finberg KE, Breton S, Marshansky V, Brown D, Geibel JP#TITLE:Renal vacuolar H+-ATPase#JOURNAL:Physiol Rev#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15383652# AUTHORS:Eiden LE, Schafer MK, Weihe E, Schutz B#TITLE:The vesicular amine transporter family (SLC18): amine/proton antiporters required for vesicular accumulation and regulated exocytotic secretion of monoamines and acetylcholine#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12827358# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6570.1) or (6571.1)
reversible: false
product: 696269

696257
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

696233
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746717

746717
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Histamine_C5H10N3

696209
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745114

696221
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

696245
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744818

696281
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 748091

696269
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746719

744800
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Adenine_C5H5N5

744010
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _25-Hydroxyvitamin D3_C27H44O2

751907
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_4NPHSULT Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.8.2.1 SUBSYSTEM: CYP Metabolism Equation: [c] : 4nph + paps --> 4nphsf + h + pap Confidence Level: 4 RS/TV (6/14/05) genes: LOCUS:_6818#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A3#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6799#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A2#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6799#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A2#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6818#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A3#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6818#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A3#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# proteins: NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.1# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.2# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.3# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.4# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.5# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 2 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a2.1# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a2.2# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a3.1# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a3.2# NAME:sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a3.3# citations: AUTHORS:Chapman E, Best MD, Hanson SR, Wong CH.#TITLE:Sulfotransferases: structure, mechanism, biological activity, inhibition, and synthetic utility.#JOURNAL:Angew Chem Int Ed Eng…
product: 565414
fast: false
product: 565389
reactant: 565365
product: 565402
reversible: false
name: _4-Nitrophenol Sulfotransferase
reactant: 565377

565414
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747975

565389
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744298

744298
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Nitrophenyl sulfate_C6H4NO6S

565365
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744294

744294
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Nitrophenol_C6H5NO3

565402
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

565377
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747979

744062
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-Oxobutanoate_C4H5O3

755687
type: Reaction
name: lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
product: 655541
notes: Abbreviation: R_LCADi_D Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Pyruvate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + lald-D + nad --> (2) h + lac-D + nadh Confidence Level: 2 JLR- added irreversible form of LCAD genes: LOCUS:_223#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH9A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3,,1.2.1.19# LOCUS:_501#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH7A1# LOCUS:_224#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A2# LOCUS:_221#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_222#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_216#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.36# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# LOCUS:_220#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A3#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_218#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh9a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a2.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh7a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.2# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.3# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a3.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ewaschuk JB, Naylor JM, Zello GA#TITLE:D-lactate in human and ruminant metabolism#JOURNAL:J Nutr#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15987839# AUTHORS:Christopher MM, Eckfeldt JH, Eaton JW.#TITLE:Propylene glycol ingestion causes D-lactic acidosis#JOURNAL:Lab Invest.#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2296157# AUTHORS:Ray S, Ray M.#TITLE:Oxidation of lactaldehyde by cytosol…
reversible: false
reactant: 655505
product: 655517
fast: false
reactant: 655493
product: 655529
reactant: 655481

655541
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

655505
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

655517
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

655493
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747219

747219
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Lactaldehyde_C3H6O2

655529
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747207

747207
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Lactate_C3H5O3

655481
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

747441
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-Mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1720H2828N20O570P20

755906
type: Reaction
product: 660870
product: 660858
reactant: 660846
reactant: 660834
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt20m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: atp[m] + dtdp[c] --> atp[c] + dtdp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dTDP transport via ATP antiport

660870
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746038

746038
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dTDP_C10H13N2O11P2

660858
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

660846
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746036

746036
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dTDP_C10H13N2O11P2

660834
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118

752589
type: Reaction
product: 581911
product: 581899
reactant: 581887
reactant: 581875
notes: Abbreviation: R_URIt5 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) na1[e] + uri[e] --> (2) na1[c] + uri[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_64078#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC28A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 3, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc28a3.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Gray JH, Owen RP, Giacomini KM.#TITLE:The concentrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC28. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12856181# GENE ASSOCIATION: (64078.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: uridine transport in via sodium symport (1:2)

581911
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748935

748935
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Uridine_C9H12N2O6

581899
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747657

581887
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748937

748937
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Uridine_C9H12N2O6

581875
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659

746272
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

756286
type: Reaction
product: 669784
product: 669759
reversible: false
reactant: 669698
product: 669734
name: b-ketoacyl synthetase (palmitate, n-C16:0)
product: 669746
reactant: 669686
reactant: 669722
notes: Abbreviation: R_KAS8 Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 2.3.1.41 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid elongation Equation: [c] : accoa + (20) h + (7) malcoa + (14) nadph --> (7) co2 + (8) coa + (6) h2o + hdca + (14) nadp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_2194#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FASN#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.85# proteins: NAME:fatty acid synthase#ABBREVIATION:Fasn.1# citations: AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Chakravarty B, Gu Z, Chirala SS, Wakil SJ, Quiocho FA.#TITLE:Human fatty acid synthase: structure and substrate selectivity of the thioesterase domain.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15507492# AUTHORS:Brink J, Ludtke SJ, Yang CY, Gu ZW, Wakil SJ, Chiu W.#TITLE:Quaternary structure of human fatty acid synthase by electron cryomicroscopy.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11756679# AUTHORS:Wakil SJ.#TITLE:Fatty acid synthase, a proficient multifunctional enzyme.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2669958# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2194.1)
reactant: 669710
fast: false
product: 669772

669784
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 14.0
species: 747689

669759
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 6.0
species: 746607

669698
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 20.0
species: 746625

669734
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 7.0
species: 745404

669746
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 8.0
species: 745422

669686
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744648

669722
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 14.0
species: 747701

669710
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 7.0
species: 747469

747469
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Malonyl-CoA_C24H33N7O19P3S

669772
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746659

746659
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O2

748159
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Protoporphyrinogen IX_C34H38N4O4

752421
type: Reaction
product: 577576
product: 577564
reactant: 577552
reactant: 577539
notes: Abbreviation: R_PRODt2r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: h[e] + pro-D[e] <==> h[c] + pro-D[c] Confidence Level: 2 NCD SAB D form genes: LOCUS:_206358#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC36A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc36a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Sagne C, Agulhon C, Ravassard P, Darmon M, Hamon M, El Mestikawy S, Gasnier B, Giros B#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a lysosomal transporter for small neutral amino acids#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11390972# AUTHORS:Boll M, Foltz M, Rubio-Aliaga I, Kottra G, Daniel H#TITLE:Functional characterization of two novel mammalian electrogenic proton-dependent amino acid cotransporters#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11959859# GENE ASSOCIATION: (206358.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-proline reversible transport via proton symport

577576
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748197

748197
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Proline_C5H9NO2

577564
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

577552
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748199

748199
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Proline_C5H9NO2

577539
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627

749571
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Oxidized glutathione_C20H30N6O12S2

747203
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: de-Fuc, reducing GlcNAc removed, de-Sia form of PA6 (w/o peptide linkage)_C54H91N3O41

752497
type: Reaction
product: 579579
reactant: 579567
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACGBGBSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: acgbgbside_hs[c] <==> acgbgbside_hs[g] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - however must get to other intracellular compartments (e.g. lysosome for degradation) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Perry RJ, Ridgway ND.#TITLE:Molecular mechanisms and regulation of ceramide transport.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15907394# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acgbgbside_hs intracellular transport

579579
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744716

744716
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: beta GalNAc globoside (homo sapiens)_C52H92N3O27FULLRCO

579567
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744714

744714
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta GalNAc globoside (homo sapiens)_C52H92N3O27FULLRCO

746367
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: galactosyl glucosyl ceramide_C30H56NO12FULLRCO

755507
type: Reaction
product: 651310
reversible: false
name: glycerol kinase
product: 651286
product: 651298
reactant: 651262
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLYKm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.30 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [m] : atp + glyc --> adp + glyc3p + h Confidence Level: 2 TV genes: LOCUS:_2710#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.30# LOCUS:_2712#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GK2# LOCUS:_2713#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GKP3# LOCUS:_2710#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.30# proteins: NAME:glycerol kinase#ABBREVIATION:Gk.1# NAME:glycerol kinase#ABBREVIATION:Gk.2# NAME:glycerol kinase 2#ABBREVIATION:Gk2.1# NAME:glycerol kinase 3 (pseudogene)#ABBREVIATION:Gkp3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier D.R.#TITLE:Biochemistry, 3rd edition#YEAR:2005# AUTHORS:Sargent CA, Young C, Marsh S, Ferguson-Smith MA, Affara NA.#TITLE:The glycerol kinase gene family: structure of the Xp gene, and related intronless retroposons.#JOURNAL:Hum Mol Genet#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7987308# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2710.2) or (2712.1) or (2710.1) or (2713.1)
reactant: 651274
fast: false

651310
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

651286
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822

651298
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746460

746460
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Glycerol 3-phosphate_C3H7O6P

651262
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118

651274
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746466

746466
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Glycerol_C3H8O3

745234
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: cAMP_C10H11N5O6P

753191
type: Reaction
product: 595837
reactant: 595825
notes: Abbreviation: R_GQ1BALPHAte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: gq1balpha_hs[c] <==> gq1balpha_hs[e] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - intracellular transport occurs, most details are unknown - see for example Varki glycobiology text or numerous reviews (PMID: 8206147) - extracellular transport is also made available since metabolites can get to outer plasma membrane NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Sandhoff K, Klein A.#TITLE:Intracellular trafficking of glycosphingolipids: role of sphingolipid activator proteins in the topology of endocytosis and lysosomal digestion.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8206147# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: gq1balpha_hs transport

595837
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746523

746523
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GQ1balpha (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO

595825
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746521

746521
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GQ1balpha (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO

754709
type: Reaction
product: 632264
product: 632252
reactant: 632239
notes: Abbreviation: R_PTHPS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.3.12 SUBSYSTEM: Tetrahydrobiopterin Equation: [c] : ahdt --> 6pthp + pppi Confidence Level: 4 Formery EC 4.6.1.10; New EC 4.2.3.12 catalyses triphosphate elimination and an intramolecular redox reaction in the presence of Mg2+. It has been identified in human liver. The product is 6-pyruvoyltetrahydrobiopterin genes: LOCUS:_5805#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PTS#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.10# proteins: NAME:_6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase #ABBREVIATION:Pts1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Thony B, Auerbach G, Blau N.#TITLE:Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, regeneration and functions.#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10727395# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5805.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase

632264
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748161

748161
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Inorganic triphosphate_HO10P3

632252
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744440

744440
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _6-Pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin_C9H11N5O3

632239
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744888

745918
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2,3-diketo-5-methylthio-1-phosphopentane_C6H9O6PS

749956
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Xylitol_C5H12O5

748623
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cis-tetradec-7-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] (n-C14:1)_C25H45N2O8PRS

754089
type: Reaction
product: 617432
reversible: false
product: 617444
fast: false
reactant: 617420
product: 617456
name: glyoxylate oxidase
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLXO1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate Metabolism Equation: [c] : glx + h2o + nad --> (2) h + nadh + oxa Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3945#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHB#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_3948#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHC#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_3939#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHA#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_160287#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHAL6A# LOCUS:_92483#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHAL6B# LOCUS:_197257#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHD# LOCUS:_3948#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:LDHC#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_197257#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:LDHD# LOCUS:_55293#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UEV3# proteins: NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A (liver, sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Ldha.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase B (heart, RBC)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhb.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase C (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhc.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase C (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhc.2# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhal6b.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A#ABBREVIATION:Ldhal6a.1# NAME:ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-like#ABBREVIATION:Uev3.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase D#ABBREVIATION:Ldhd.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase D#ABBREVIATION:Ldhd.2# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase (heart, RBC, brain, kidney, liver, sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:LdhAB# citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# AUTHORS:Holmes RP, Assimos DG#TITLE:Glyoxylate synthesis, and its modulation and influence on oxalate synthesis#JOURNAL:J Urol#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9783918# AUTHORS:Holmes RP#TITLE:Pharmacological approaches in the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria#JOURNAL:J Nephrol#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9604807# AUTHORS:Pirulli D, Marangella M, Amoroso A#TITLE:Primary hyperoxaluria: genotype-phenotype correlation#JOURNAL:J Nephrol.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12768081# AUTHORS:Poore RE, Hurst CH, Assimos DG, Holmes RP#TITLE:Pathways of hepa…
reactant: 617396
reactant: 617408

617432
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

617444
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

617420
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

617456
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747905

617396
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746447

617408
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

755223
type: Reaction
product: 644759
product: 644747
reactant: 644734
reactant: 644722
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPODM Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.15.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: ROS Detoxification Equation: [c] : (2) h + (2) o2s --> h2o2 + o2 Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_6647#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SOD1#ECNUMBERS:1.15.1.1# proteins: NAME:superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult))#ABBREVIATION:Sod1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Crapo JD, Oury T, Rabouille C, Slot JW, Chang LY#TITLE:Copper,zinc superoxide dismutase is primarily a cytosolic protein in human cells#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1332049# AUTHORS:Hallewell RA, Masiarz FR, Najarian RC, Puma JP, Quiroga MR, Randolph A, Sanchez-Pescador R, Scandella CJ, Smith B, Steimer KS, et al#TITLE:Human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase cDNA: isolation of clones synthesising high levels of active or inactive enzyme from an expression library#JOURNAL:Nucleic Acids Res#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3889846# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6647.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: superoxide dismutase

644759
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

644747
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

644734
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747807

747807
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Superoxide anion_O2

644722
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

750102
type: Reaction
product: 522453
product: 522441
reactant: 522429
reactant: 522417
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSNAT3x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [x] : crn + ppcoa <==> coa + pcrn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1384#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CRAT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.7# proteins: NAME:carnitine acetyltransferase, perixosomal#ABBREVIATION:Crat.2-x# citations: AUTHORS:Corti O, Finocchiaro G, Rossi E, Zuffardi O, DiDonato S.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding human carnitine acetyltransferase and mapping of the corresponding gene to chromosome 9q34.1.#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7829107# AUTHORS:Jakobs BS, Wanders RJ.#TITLE:Fatty acid beta-oxidation in peroxisomes and mitochondria: the first, unequivocal evidence for the involvement of carnitine in shuttling propionyl-CoA from peroxisomes to mitochondria.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7654220# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1384.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: carnitine O-aceyltransferase, peroxisomal

522453
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748005

748005
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: propionyl-carnitine_C10H19NO4

522441
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434

745434
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S

522429
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748135

748135
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Propanoyl-CoA_C24H36N7O17P3S

522417
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745490

745490
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3

755213
type: Reaction
product: 644542
reactant: 644529
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_acac_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : acac <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Acetoacetate exchange

644542
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749227

749227
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Acetoacetate_C4H5O3

644529
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744632

744632
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Acetoacetate_C4H5O3

755273
type: Reaction
product: 645949
product: 645937
name: NAD kinase
fast: false
reactant: 645901
reversible: false
reactant: 645913
product: 645925
notes: Abbreviation: R_NADK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: NAD Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + nad --> adp + h + nadp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_65220#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FLJ13052#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.23# proteins: NAME:NAD kinase #ABBREVIATION:Nadk.1# citations: AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Lerner F, Niere M, Ludwig A, Ziegler M.#TITLE:Structural and functional characterization of human NAD kinase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11594753# AUTHORS:Williams MB, Jones HP.#TITLE:Calmodulin-dependent NAD kinase of human neutrophils.#JOURNAL:Arch Biochem Biophys. #YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2982330# GENE ASSOCIATION: (65220.1)

645949
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

645937
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

645901
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

645913
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

645925
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

754051
type: Reaction
product: 616416
reactant: 616404
notes: Abbreviation: R_GDCHOLAte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: gdchola[e] <==> gdchola[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however bile acids need to be secreted out of the cell NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: bile acid intracellular transport

616416
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746398

746398
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: glycochenodeoxycholate_C26H43NO5

616404
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746399

755821
type: Reaction
reactant: 658722
reversible: false
reactant: 658734
product: 658758
notes: Abbreviation: R_AG13T10g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre18 + uacgam --> h + ksi_pre19 + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_11041#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT6# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_284208#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNTL1# LOCUS:_93010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT7# LOCUS:_79369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT4# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1#ABBREVIATION:B3gntl1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt4.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K#TITLE:Identification and characterization of three novel beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the beta 1,3-galactosyltransferas…
product: 658746
fast: false
product: 658771
name: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus

658722
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747063

747063
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 18_C163H262N11O132S5X

658734
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

658758
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747065

747065
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 19_C171H275N12O137S5X

658746
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

658771
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

756730
type: Reaction
product: 680127
product: 680114
reactant: 680101
reactant: 680089
notes: Abbreviation: R_MM6bg Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 3.2.1.113 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : h2o + m6masnC --> m5masnC + man Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4121#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A1# LOCUS:_10905#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A2# LOCUS:_57134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1C1# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 1, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a1.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 2, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a2.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1, Golgi apparatus (all tested except lung, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:Man1c1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel human Golgi alpha 1, 2-mannosidase (IC) involved in N-glycan biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10915796# AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Campbell Dyke N, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and tissue-specific expression of a novel human alpha1,2-mannosidase gene involved in N-glycan maturation.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9592125# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4121.1) or (57134.1) or (10905.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, Golgi apparatus

680127
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747495

680114
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747415

747415
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)5-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine (protein)_C52H87N2O40X

680101
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747427

747427
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)6-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine (protein)_C58H97N2O45X

680089
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611

756908
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 684206
fast: false
product: 684194
reactant: 684182
name: Core 3 beta-GlcNAc-transferase, Golgi apparatus
notes: Abbreviation: R_CORE3GTg Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.4.1.147 SUBSYSTEM: O-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : Tn_antigen + uacgam --> core3 + h + udp Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_192134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:IMAGE:4907098# proteins: NAME:beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase protein (somtach, colon, sm intestine, sk muscle, testis)#ABBREVIATION:Image:4907098-g# citations: AUTHORS:Iwai T, Inaba N, Naundorf A, Zhang Y, Gotoh M, Iwasaki H, Kudo T, Togayachi A, Ishizuka Y, Nakanishi H, Narimatsu H#TITLE:Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel UDP-GlcNAc:GalNAc-peptide beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta 3Gn-T6), an enzyme synthesizing the core 3 structure of O-glycans#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11821425# GENE ASSOCIATION: (192134.1)
product: 684218
reactant: 684170

684206
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

684194
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745440

745440
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 3_C16H27N2O10X

684182
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

684218
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

684170
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744598

744598
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Tn antigen_C8H14NO5X

754291
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_CDSm Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.7.7.41 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [m] : ctp + h + pa_hs --> cdpdag_hs + ppi Confidence Level: 4 inner mitochondrial membrane NJ genes: LOCUS:_8760#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CDS2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.41# proteins: NAME:CDP-diacylglycerol synthase#ABBREVIATION:Cds2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Kent C#TITLE:Eukaryotic phospholipid biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Halford S, Dulai KS, Daw SC, Fitzgibbon J, Hunt DM#TITLE:Isolation and chromosomal localization of two human cdp-diacylglycerol synthase genes#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Weeks R, Dowhan W, Shen H, Balantac N, Meengs B, Nudelman E, Leung DW#TITLE:Isolation and expression of an isoform of human CDP-diacylglycerol synthease cDNA#JOURNAL:DNA Cell Biol#YEAR:1997# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8760.1)
product: 622310
reactant: 622262
name: phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase
product: 622298
reversible: false
reactant: 622286
fast: false
reactant: 622274

622310
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748139

622262
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745646

745646
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: CTP_C9H12N3O14P3

622298
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745278

745278
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: CDP diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C12H17N3O11P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

622286
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747915

747915
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: phosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H5O4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

622274
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

748025
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Pseudoecgonyl-CoA_C30H46N8O18P3S

756094
type: Reaction
product: 665199
reactant: 665187
notes: Abbreviation: R_TXA2te Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: txa2[e] <==> txa2[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism for transport - known to be secreted from cells - unknown mechanism or pathway, TXA2tc -> TXA2te to get to EC space NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: TITLE:Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: thromboxane A2 transport

665199
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748835

748835
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Thromboxane A2_C20H31O5

665187
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748837

748837
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Thromboxane A2_C20H31O5

753323
type: Reaction
product: 598847
reactant: 598835
notes: Abbreviation: R_DM_dsT_antigen_LPAREN_g_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [g] : dsT_antigen --> Confidence Level: NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: DM_dsT_antigen(g)

598847
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749441

749441
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: disialyl-T antigen_C36H56N3O26X

598835
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746028

746028
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: disialyl-T antigen_C36H56N3O26X

753743
type: Reaction
product: 608975
reactant: 608963
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_lcts_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : lcts <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Lactose exchange

608975
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749645

749645
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Lactose_C12H22O11

608963
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747233

747233
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Lactose_C12H22O11

744980
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: AMP_C10H12N5O7P

745960
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dimethylallyl diphosphate_C5H9O7P2

748077
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Phylloquinone_C31H46O2

751501
type: Reaction
product: 555540
reactant: 555528
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_asp_DASH_D_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : asp-D <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Aspartate exchange

555540
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749309

555528
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745104

745104
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Aspartate_C4H6NO4

747817
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Oxaloacetate_C4H2O5

752761
type: Reaction
reactant: 585819
product: 585915
product: 585903
reactant: 585855
reactant: 585831
product: 585867
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC204184m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : coa + eicostetcoa + fad + h2o + nad --> accoa + fadh2 + h + nadh + strdnccoa Confidence Level: 4 _1 rounds of beta ox c20:4 -> c18:4 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (35.1) or (34.1)
fast: false
reactant: 585807
name: Beta oxidation fatty acid
product: 585891
reactant: 585843
reversible: false
product: 585879

585819
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746124

746124
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: eicosatetranoyl coenzyme A_C41H62N7O17P3S

585915
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748551

585903
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

585855
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

585831
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214

585867
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652

585807
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

585891
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

585843
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

585879
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218

751713
type: Reaction
product: 560856
reactant: 560844
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_uri_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : uri <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Uridine exchange

560856
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749924

749924
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Uridine_C9H12N2O6

560844
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748937

754739
type: Reaction
reactant: 632904
product: 632940
product: 632952
reactant: 632916
reactant: 632892
reactant: 632928
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 632964
name: _1-alpha,24R,25-Vitamin D-hydroxylase (D3)
notes: Abbreviation: R_1a_COMMA_25VITD3Hm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin D Equation: [m] : 1a25dhvitd3 + h + nadph + o2 --> 1a2425thvitd3 + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.198 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:

632904
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

632940
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743956

743956
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _1-alpha,24R,25-Trihydroxyvitamin D3_C27H44O4

632952
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

632916
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703

632892
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743960

632928
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799

632964
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693

748233
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Prostaglandin F2alpha_C20H33O5

752939
type: Reaction
product: 590008
reactant: 589996
notes: Abbreviation: R_UDPtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: udp[c] <==> udp[l] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - not known if it is energy dependent or not, recycling and IC transport is important to get it to other areas of the cell (e.g. plasma membrane) - translocators have been found for ER and Golgi - none found for lysosome yet so non-mechanistic transporter added - in future this will need to be revised _when_ a translocator is found NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: udp intracellular transport

590008
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748863

589996
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748857

744718
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: beta GalNAc globoside (homo sapiens)_C52H92N3O27FULLRCO

745152
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoate_C4H7O3

749257
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: ADPribose 2'-phosphate_C15H20N5O17P3

753517
type: Reaction
product: 603293
reactant: 603281
notes: Abbreviation: R_XOLTRI27te Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: xoltri27[c] <==> xoltri27[e] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _27 trihydroxy cholesterol transport

603293
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749069

749069
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _7-alpha,27-Dihydroxycholesterol_C27H46O3

603281
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749067

749067
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _7-alpha,27-Dihydroxycholesterol_C27H46O3

751741
type: Reaction
product: 561533
reactant: 561521
notes: Abbreviation: R_O2ter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: o2[c] <==> o2[r] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: O2 transport, endoplasmic reticulum

561533
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747803

561521
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

745866
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate_C19H27O5S

748027
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phosphoenolpyruvate_C3H2O6P

756364
type: Reaction
product: 671422
product: 671410
reactant: 671397
reactant: 671385
notes: Abbreviation: R_UREAt5 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: h2o[e] + urea[e] <==> h2o[c] + urea[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6523#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC5A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc5a1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Hirayama BA, Loo DD, Wright EM.#TITLE:Protons drive sugar transport through the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1)#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8063771# AUTHORS:Hediger MA, Turk E, Wright EM#TITLE:Homology of the human intestinal Na+/glucose and Escherichia coli Na+/proline cotransporters#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2490366# AUTHORS:Quick M, Loo DD, Wright EM#TITLE:Neutralization of a conserved amino acid residue in the human Na+/glucose transporter (hSGLT1) generates a glucose-gated H+ channel#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11024018# AUTHORS:Wright EM, Hirayama BA, Loo DDF, Turk E, Hager K#TITLE:Intestinal sugar transport#YEAR:1994# AUTHORS:Leung DW, Loo DD, Hirayama BA, Zeuthen T, Wright EM#TITLE:Urea transport by cotransporters#JOURNAL:J Physiol#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11034615# AUTHORS:Wright EM, Turk E#TITLE:The sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12748858# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6523.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: urea, water cotransport

671422
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748929

748929
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Urea_CH4N2O

671410
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

671397
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748931

748931
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Urea_CH4N2O

671385
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609

746829
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: heparan sulfate, precursor 3_C45H69N2O36X

752857
type: Reaction
reactant: 588059
reversible: true
reactant: 588073
reactant: 588086
notes: Abbreviation: R_NKCCt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) cl[e] + k[e] + na1[e] <==> (2) cl[c] + k[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6558#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC12A2# LOCUS:_6557#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC12A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc12a1.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc12a2.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Simon DB, Karet FE, Hamdan JM, DiPietro A, Sanjad SA, Lifton RP#TITLE:Bartter's syndrome, hypokalaemic alkalosis with hypercalciuria, is caused by mutations in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8640224# AUTHORS:Hebert SC, Mount DB, Gamba G#TITLE:Molecular physiology of cation-coupled Cl- cotransport: the SLC12 family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12739168# AUTHORS:Payne JA, Xu JC, Haas M, Lytle CY, Ward D, Forbush B 3rd#TITLE:Primary structure, functional expression, and chromosomal localization of the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-Cl cotransporter in human colon#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7629105# AUTHORS:Russell JM#TITLE:Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport#JOURNAL:Physiol Rev#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10617769# AUTHORS:Bergeron MJ, Gagnon E, Wallendorff B, Lapointe JY, Isenring P.#TITLE:Ammonium transport and pH regulation by K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporters#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Renal Physiol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12657561# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6557.1) or (6558.1)
name: Na+-K+-Cl- cotransport
product: 588098
product: 588110
product: 588122
fast: false

588059
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745362

588073
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746949

588086
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659

588098
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745360

745360
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Chloride_Cl

588110
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746947

588122
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

753475
type: Reaction
product: 602501
product: 602489
reactant: 602477
reactant: 602465
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCAASE1ly Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.2.1.31 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg9 --> glcur + hs_deg10 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2990#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUSB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.31# proteins: NAME:glucuronidase, beta, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gusb.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Guise KS, Korneluk RG, Waye J, Lamhonwah AM, Quan F, Palmer R, Ganschow RE, Sly WS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Isolation and expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA clone encoding human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3924735# AUTHORS:Ho YC, Ho LH, Ho KJ#TITLE:Human hepatic beta-glucuronidase: an enzyme kinetic study#JOURNAL:Enzyme#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3987656# AUTHORS:Oshima A, Kyle JW, Miller RD, Hoffmann JW, Powell PP, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Tropak M, Guise KS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3468507# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2990.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-glucuronidase, lysosomal

602501
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746761

746761
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 10_C55H80N3O70S8

602489
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746427

602477
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746809

746809
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 9_C61H87N3O76S8

602465
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

752847
type: Reaction
product: 587884
product: 587872
reactant: 587859
reactant: 587847
notes: Abbreviation: R_SERDGLNexR Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: gln-L[c] + ser-D[e] <==> gln-L[e] + ser-D[c] Confidence Level: 2 SAB many other exchanges possible genes: LOCUS:_6520#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC3A2# LOCUS:_56301#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A10# proteins: NAME: solute carrier family 3 (activators of dibasic and neutral amino acid transport), member 2, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc3a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 7, (neutral amino acid transporter, y+ system) member 10#ABBREVIATION:Slc7a10.1# citations: AUTHORS:Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770310# AUTHORS:Fukasawa Y, Segawa H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kim DK, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a Na(+)-independent neutral amino acid transporter that associates with the 4F2 heavy chain and exhibits substrate selectivity for small neutral D- and L-amino acids#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10734121# AUTHORS:Nakauchi J, Matsuo H, Kim DK, Goto A, Chairoungdua A, Cha SH, Inatomi J, Shiokawa Y, Yamaguchi K, Saito I, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of a human brain Na(+)-independent transporter for small neutral amino acids that transports D-serine with high affinity#JOURNAL:Neurosci Lett#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10863037# GENE ASSOCIATION: (56301.1) and (6520.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Serine/Glutamine reversible exchange

587884
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748451

748451
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Serine_C3H7NO3

587872
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746430

746430
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Glutamine_C5H10N2O3

587859
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748453

748453
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Serine_C3H7NO3

587847
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429

746235
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Ferrocytochrome C_C42H54FeN8O6S2

753425
type: Reaction
product: 601290
product: 601302
reactant: 601254
fast: false
reactant: 601241
reactant: 601266
name: NADH:cob(III)alamine oxidoreductase
product: 601278
notes: Abbreviation: R_CBL2OR Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin B12 Metabolism Equation: [c] : (2) aqcobal + h + nadh --> (2) cbl2 + (2) h2o + nad Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Carmel R, Green R, Rosenblatt DS, Watkins D.#TITLE:Update on cobalamin, folate, and homocysteine.#JOURNAL:Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program).#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14633777# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reversible: false

601290
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

601302
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

601254
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

601241
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745044

745044
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Aquacob(III)alamin_C62H93CoN13O15P

601266
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

601278
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745252

745252
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Cob(II)alamin_C62H92CoN13O14P

745102
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Aspartate_C4H6NO4

755053
type: Reaction
product: 640723
reactant: 640711
notes: Abbreviation: R_UDPACGALtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: udpacgal[c] <==> udpacgal[l] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - there are UDPACGAL-translocators for ER and Golgi, however no info on lysosomal - poor support for this NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: udpacgal intracellular transport

640723
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748875

640711
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748871

755601
type: Reaction
product: 653515
product: 653527
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLPGT2_Ler Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolglcp_L + (0.1) g1m8mpdol_L --> (0.1) dolp_L + (0.1) g2m8mpdol_L + h Confidence Level: 0 EC 2.4.1.- NCD genes: LOCUS:_79053#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALG8# LOCUS:_79053#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALG8# LOCUS:_79053#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ALG8# proteins: NAME:alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Alg8.1-er# NAME:alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Alg8.2-er# NAME:alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Alg8.3-er# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (79053.1) or (79053.3) or (79053.2)
reactant: 653479
product: 653503
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dolichyl-phosphate-glucose-glycolipid alpha-glucosyltransferase (liver)
reactant: 653491

653515
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746322

746322
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-Glucosyl)2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)8-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1900H3128N20O720P20

653527
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

653479
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745980

745980
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate, human liver homolog_C1140H1868O90P10

653503
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746004

653491
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746317

746317
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: alpha-D-Glucosyl-(alpha-D-mannosyl)8-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1840H3028N20O670P20

753631
type: Reaction
product: 606220
product: 606208
reactant: 606196
reactant: 606183
notes: Abbreviation: R_UDPDOLPT_L Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.1.117 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : (0.1) dolp_L + udpg --> (0.1) dolglcp_L + udp Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_29880#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALG5#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.117# proteins: NAME:dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Alg5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bossuyt X, Blanckaert N.#TITLE:Topology of nucleotide-sugar:dolichyl phosphate glycosyltransferases involved in the dolichol pathway for protein glycosylation in native rat liver microsomes#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8280060# GENE ASSOCIATION: (29880.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: UDPglucose:dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-glucosyltransferase (liver)

606220
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748857

606208
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745978

745978
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate, human liver homolog_C1140H1868O90P10

606196
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748879

748879
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: UDPglucose_C15H22N2O17P2

606183
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746002

746002
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dolichol phosphate, human liver homolog_C1080H1758O40P10

748927
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Urocanate_C6H5N2O2

748235
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Prostaglandin F2alpha_C20H33O5

749259
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: ADPribose_C15H21N5O14P2

751347
type: Reaction
product: 551712
reversible: true
product: 551736
name: malate dehydrogenase
product: 551724
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_MDH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.37 SUBSYSTEM: Citric Acid Cycle Equation: [c] : mal-L + nad <==> h + nadh + oaa Confidence Level: 0 genes: LOCUS:_4190#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MDH1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.37# LOCUS:_130752#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MDH1B# proteins: NAME:malate dehydrogenase 1 (NAD), soluble#ABBREVIATION:Mdh1.1# NAME:malate dehydrogenase 1b (NAD), soluble#ABBREVIATION:Mdh1b.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (130752.1) or (4190.1)
reactant: 551700
reactant: 551688

551712
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

551736
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747817

551724
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

551700
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

551688
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747465

752217
type: Reaction
reactant: 572603
reactant: 572615
notes: Abbreviation: R_N4Tg Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: O-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : core6 + udpgal --> f1a + h + udp Confidence Level: 0 EC 2.4.1.- NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 572651
product: 572639
product: 572627
fast: false
name: N-acetylgalactosamine 4-beta-galactosyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
reversible: false

572603
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745446

745446
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 6_C16H27N2O10X

572615
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887

572651
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

572639
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

572627
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746202

746202
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: F1alpha_C22H37N2O15X

745008
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Anthranilate_C7H6NO2

745310
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862

744458
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: heptaglutamyl folate (DHF)_C49H55N13O24

746334
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

744760
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: _3',8'-LD1_C66H111N4O38FULLRCO

757220
type: Reaction
product: 691892
product: 691880
reactant: 691868
reactant: 691856
notes: Abbreviation: R_LRAT Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : pchol_hs + retinol --> lpchol_hs + retfa Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_9227#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LRAT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.135# proteins: NAME:lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase) #ABBREVIATION:Lrat.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# AUTHORS:Jahng WJ, Xue L, Rando RR.#TITLE:Lecithin retinol acyltransferase is a founder member of a novel family of enzymes.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14596594# AUTHORS:Zolfaghari R, Ross AC. #TITLE:Cloning, gene organization and identification of an alternative splicing process in lecithin:retinol acyltransferase cDNA from human liver.#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15474300# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9227.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Lecithin retinol acyltransferase

691892
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748333

748333
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: fatty acid retinol_C20H29OFULLR2CO

691880
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747353

691868
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748355

691856
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747983

756068
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_URIK1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.48 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : atp + uri --> adp + h + ump Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_7371#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UCK2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.*# LOCUS:_83549#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UCK1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.48# proteins: NAME:uridine-cytidine kinase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Uck2.1# NAME:uridine-cytidine kinase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Uck1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kashuba E, Kashuba V, Sandalova T, Klein G, Szekely L#TITLE:Epstein-Barr virus encoded nuclear protein EBNA-3 binds a novel human uridine kinase/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase. #JOURNAL:BMC Cell Biol.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12199906# AUTHORS:Ozaki K, Kuroki T, Hayashi S, Nakamura Y.#TITLE:Isolation of three testis-specific genes (TSA303, TSA806, TSA903) by a differential mRNA display method. #JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8812458# AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Norda A, Linden K, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine nucleoside analogs by two human uridine-cytidine kinases.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11306702# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7371.1) or (83549.1)
reactant: 664441
reactant: 664453
name: uridine kinase (ATP:Uridine)
product: 664490
reversible: false
product: 664477
product: 664465
fast: false

664441
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

664453
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748935

664490
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901

664477
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

664465
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

750062
type: Reaction
product: 521448
reactant: 521436
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACNACNGAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: acnacngal14acglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> acnacngal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport

521448
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744756

744756
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3',8'-LD1_C66H111N4O38FULLRCO

521436
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744760

746871
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Isocitrate_C6H5O7

744302
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-4'-Phosphopantothenate_C9H15NO8P

746212
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Flavin adenine dinucleotide oxidized_C27H31N9O15P2

746400
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: glycochenodeoxycholate_C26H43NO5

746899
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Imidazole-4-acetate_C5H5N2O2

754519
type: Reaction
product: 628130
reactant: 628094
name: galactose/N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase, Golgi apparatus
product: 628106
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6T5g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre7 + paps --> h + ksi_pre8 + pap Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10164#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST4# LOCUS:_9435#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST2# LOCUS:_23563#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST5# LOCUS:_23563#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CHST5# LOCUS:_4166#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST6# proteins: NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine-6-O) sulfotransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:Chst2.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 4, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst4.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst5.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst5.2-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chst6.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Uchimura K, Fasakhany F, Kadomatsu K, Matsukawa T, Yamakawa T, Kurosawa N, Muramatsu T#TITLE:Diversity of N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferases: molecular cloning of a novel enzyme with different distribution and specificities#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10913333# AUTHORS:Akama TO, Nakayama J, Nishida K, Hiraoka N, Suzuki M, McAuliffe J, Hindsgaul O, Fukuda M, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Human corneal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase and mouse intestinal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase both produce keratan sulfate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11278593# AUTHORS:de Graffenried CL, Bertozzi CR#TITLE:Golgi localization of carbohydrate sulfotransferases is a determinant of L-selectin ligand biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12855678# AUTHORS:Uchimura K, Muramatsu H, Kaname T, Ogawa H, Yamakawa T, Fan QW, Mitsuoka C, Kannagi R, Habuchi O, Yokoyama I, Yamamura K, Ozaki T, Nakagawara A, Kadomatsu K, Muramatsu T#TITLE:Human N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase involved in t…
reactant: 628082
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 628118

628130
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977

628094
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981

747981
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: _3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate_C10H11N5O13P2S

628106
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

628082
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747113

747113
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 7_C115H187N8O85SX

628118
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747115

747115
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 8_C115H186N8O88S2X

752043
type: Reaction
product: 568612
product: 568600
reactant: 568588
reactant: 568576
notes: Abbreviation: R_MCOATAm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.39 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [m] : ACP + malcoa <==> coa + malACP Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_27349#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.39# LOCUS:_27349#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:MT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.39# proteins: NAME:malonyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase#ABBREVIATION:Mt.1# NAME:malonyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Mt.2# citations: AUTHORS:Zhang L, Joshi AK, Smith S.#TITLE:Cloning, expression, characterization, and interaction of two components of a human mitochondrial fatty acid synthase. Malonyltransferase and acyl carrier protein.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12882974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (27349.1) or (27349.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Malonyl-CoA-ACP transacylase, mitochondrial

568612
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747463

747463
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein]_C14H22N2O10PRS

568600
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

568588
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747471

747471
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Malonyl-CoA_C24H33N7O19P3S

568576
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744478

744478
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: acyl carrier protein_C11H21N2O7PRS

756698
type: Reaction
product: 679387
product: 679375
reactant: 679363
reactant: 679351
notes: Abbreviation: R_MAN2_6B1er Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : g1m7masnB + h2o --> g1m6masnB1 + man Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Spiro RG#TITLE:Glucose residues as key determinants in the biosynthesis and quality control of glycoproteins with N-linked oligosaccharides.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11007802# AUTHORS:Roth J, Zuber C, Guhl B, Fan JY, Ziak M.#TITLE:The importance of trimming reactions on asparagine-linked oligosaccharides for protein quality control.#JOURNAL:Histochem Cell Biol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11935292# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosidase II, endoplasmic reticulum (g1m6masnB1-producing)

679387
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747499

747499
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: D-Mannose_C6H12O6

679375
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746310

746310
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: glucosyl-(alpha-D-mannosyl)6-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine (protein)_C64H107N2O50X

679363
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619

679351
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746312

757104
type: Reaction
product: 689193
fast: false
product: 689169
product: 689181
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL245_2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + tetpent3 <==> amp + ppi + tetpent3coa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2180.1)
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
reactant: 689157
reversible: true
reactant: 689145
reactant: 689133

689193
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748637

748637
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: tetracosapentaenoyl coenzyme A, n-3_C45H68N7O17P3S

689169
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

689181
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

689157
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748633

748633
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: tetracosapentaenoic acid, n-3_C24H37O2

689145
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

689133
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

756144
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 666235
reactant: 666222
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.7.10 SUBSYSTEM: Galactose metabolism Equation: [c] : gal1p + h + utp <==> ppi + udpgal Confidence Level: 0 genes: LOCUS:_2592#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALT#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.12# LOCUS:_2592#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:GALT#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.12# LOCUS:_2592#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GALT#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.12# proteins: NAME:galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Galt.1# NAME:galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Galt.2# NAME:galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Galt.3# citations: AUTHORS:Leslie ND, Immerman EB, Flach JE, Florez M, Fridovich-Keil JL, Elsas LJ#TITLE:The human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase gene#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1427861# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2592.1) or (2592.3) or (2592.2)
reactant: 666210
product: 666259
name: galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
product: 666247
reversible: true

666235
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748945

666222
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

666210
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746337

746337
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-D-Galactose 1-phosphate_C6H11O9P

666259
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748885

748885
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: UDPgalactose_C15H22N2O17P2

666247
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

753205
type: Reaction
product: 596176
product: 596163
reactant: 596151
reactant: 596139
notes: Abbreviation: R_TKT2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.2.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Pentose Phosphate Pathway Equation: [c] : e4p + xu5p-D <==> f6p + g3p Confidence Level: 0 SMP Two reactions for transketolase: TKT1 and TKT2 genes: LOCUS:_7086#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TKT#ECNUMBERS:2.2.1.1# LOCUS:_8277#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TKTL1# LOCUS:_84076#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DKFZP434L1717# proteins: NAME:transketolase#ABBREVIATION:Tkt.1# NAME:transketolase#ABBREVIATION:Tktl1.1# NAME:similar to transketolase#ABBREVIATION:Dkfzp434l1717.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (7086.1) or (84076.1) or (8277.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: transketolase

596176
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746328

596163
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746211

746211
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Fructose 6-phosphate_C6H11O9P

596151
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749089

596139
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746094

751655
type: Reaction
product: 559515
product: 559503
reactant: 559491
reactant: 559479
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACT5p Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.16 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [x] : 3oddcoa + coa --> accoa + dcacoa Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# proteins: NAME:acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1#ABBREVIATION:Acaa1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bout A, Franse MM, Collins J, Blonden L, Tager JM, Benne R.#TITLE:Characterization of the gene encoding human peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase (ACAA). No large DNA rearrangement in a thiolase-deficient patient.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1679347# GENE ASSOCIATION: (30.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decanoyl-CoA), peroxisomal

559515
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745712

745712
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Decanoyl-CoA (n-C10:0CoA)_C31H50N7O17P3S

559503
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744658

744658
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Acetyl-CoA_C23H34N7O17P3S

559491
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434

559479
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744192

744192
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA_C33H52N7O18P3S

748707
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Thiamin_C12H17N4OS

744668
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: N-Acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate_C7H9NO8P

745020
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Holocarboxylase (biotin covalent bound to Lys residue of apoC)_C16H27N4O3SX

749125
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: fatty acid 11-cis-retinol_C20H29OFULLR2CO

744470
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: heptaglutamyl folate (THF)_C49H57N13O24

750573
type: Reaction
product: 533761
reactant: 533749
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_13_DASH_cis_DASH_retnglc_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 13-cis-retnglc <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _13-cis-retinoyl glucuronide exchange

533761
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749131

533749
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743934

743934
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _13-cis-retinoyl glucuronide_C26H35O8

751895
type: Reaction
product: 565027
reactant: 565015
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_glc_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : glc-D <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Glucose exchange

565027
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749533

749533
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Glucose_C6H12O6

565015
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746419

746419
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Glucose_C6H12O6

754225
type: Reaction
reactant: 620566
product: 620614
product: 620602
reversible: false
product: 620626
reactant: 620554
product: 620590
name: ATP-Citrate lyase
reactant: 620578
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACITL Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Citric Acid Cycle Equation: [c] : atp + cit + coa --> accoa + adp + oaa + pi Confidence Level: 0 ATP dependent citrate lyase. Reaction is reversible in KEGG (new EC 2.3.3.8) NCD genes: LOCUS:_47#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACLY#ECNUMBERS:4.1.3.8# LOCUS:_47#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACLY#ECNUMBERS:4.1.3.8# proteins: NAME:ATP citrate lyase#ABBREVIATION:Acly.1# NAME:ATP citrate lyase#ABBREVIATION:Acly.2# citations: AUTHORS:Elshourbagy NA, Near JC, Kmetz PJ, Sathe GM, Southan C, Strickler JE, Gross M, Young JF, Wells TN, Groot PH.#TITLE:Rat ATP citrate-lyase. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA and mRNA abundance as a function of diet, organ, and age#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2295639# GENE ASSOCIATION: (47.1) or (47.2)
fast: false

620566
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745348

745348
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Citrate_C6H5O7

620614
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747817

620602
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

620626
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

620554
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

620590
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744648

620578
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

751127
type: Reaction
product: 546453
reactant: 546441
notes: Abbreviation: R_AMETtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: amet[c] <==> amet[n] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: S-adenosyl-L-methionine nuclear transport

546453
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744970

744970
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine_C15H23N6O5S

546441
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744966

750453
type: Reaction
product: 531017
reactant: 531004
notes: Abbreviation: R_ILEtec Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ile-L[e] <==> ile-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_124935#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A2# LOCUS:_8501#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bodoy S, Martin L, Zorzano A, Palacin M, Estevez R, Bertran J#TITLE:Identification of LAT4, a novel amino acid transporter with system L activity#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15659399# AUTHORS:Babu E, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Kim do K, Iribe Y, Tangtrongsup S, Jutabha P, Li Y, Ahmed N, Sakamoto S, Anzai N, Nagamori S, Endou H#TITLE:Identification of a novel system L amino acid transporter structurally distinct from heterodimeric amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12930836# AUTHORS:Hediger MA, Romero MF, Peng JB, Rolfs A, Takanaga H, Bruford EA#TITLE:The ABCs of solute carriers: physiological, pathological and therapeutic implications of human membrane transport proteinsIntroduction#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14624363# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8501.1) or (124935.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-isoleucine transport via diffusion (extracellular to cytosol)

531017
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746893

746893
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Isoleucine_C6H13NO2

531004
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746895

746895
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Isoleucine_C6H13NO2

757345
type: Reaction
product: 694895
reactant: 694883
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETPENT6CRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: tetpent6crn[c] --> tetpent6crn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: transport into the mitochondria (carnitine)

694895
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748659

748659
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: tetracosapentaenoyl carnitine_C31H51NO4

694883
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748657

748657
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: tetracosapentaenoyl carnitine_C31H51NO4

748947
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: UTP_C9H11N2O15P3

748583
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: triacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C3H5FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2FULLR3CO2

751045
type: Reaction
product: 544631
reactant: 544619
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_pheacgln_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : pheacgln <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: alpha-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine exchange

544631
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749754

749754
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: alpha-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine_C13H16N2O4

544619
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748061

748061
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: alpha-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine_C13H16N2O4

751035
type: Reaction
product: 544377
reactant: 544365
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACONT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Citric Acid Cycle Equation: [c] : cit <==> icit Confidence Level: 0 SMP genes: LOCUS:_48#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACO1#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.3# LOCUS:_3658#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:IREB2# proteins: NAME:aconitase 1, soluble#ABBREVIATION:Aco1.1# NAME:iron-responsive element binding protein#ABBREVIATION:Ireb2.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (3658.1) or (48.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: aconitase

544377
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746871

544365
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745348

745028
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Apocarboxlase (no lys residue)_XH

754457
type: Reaction
product: 626600
product: 626588
reactant: 626576
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACT1r Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : (2) accoa <==> aacoa + coa Confidence Level: 0 JLR- reversible form of ACACT1 genes: LOCUS:_39#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.9# proteins: NAME:acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase)#ABBREVIATION:Acat2.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (39.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase

626600
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

626588
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744606

744606
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Acetoacetyl-CoA_C25H36N7O18P3S

626576
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744648

755691
type: Reaction
product: 655625
reversible: false
product: 655601
name: malic enzyme (NAD), mitochondrial
reactant: 655589
notes: Abbreviation: R_ME1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.38 SUBSYSTEM: Pyruvate Metabolism Equation: [m] : mal-L + nad --> co2 + nadh + pyr Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4200#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ME2#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.40# proteins: NAME:malic enzyme 2, NAD(+)-dependent, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Me2.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4200.1)
reactant: 655577
fast: false
product: 655613

655625
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748307

748307
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Pyruvate_C3H3O3

655601
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745410

655589
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

655577
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747467

747467
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Malate_C4H4O5

655613
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

754343
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 623707
product: 623695
name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase (srtn)
fast: false
reactant: 623659
reactant: 623671
product: 623683
notes: Abbreviation: R_SRTNMTX Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.1.1.49 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : amet + srtn --> ahcys + h + nmthsrtn Confidence Level: 1 SAB seratonin methyltransferase genes: LOCUS:_11185#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:INMT# proteins: NAME:indolethylamine N-methyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Inmt.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (11185.1)

623707
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747757

747757
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Methylserotonin_C11H15N2O

623695
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

623659
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744966

623671
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748527

623683
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744880

753715
type: Reaction
product: 608242
product: 608230
reactant: 608218
reactant: 608206
notes: Abbreviation: R_PIt8 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (1.5) na1[e] + pi[e] <==> (1.5) na1[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_6575#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC20A2# LOCUS:_6574#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC20A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc20a1.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc20a2.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Collins JF, Bai L, Ghishan FK.#TITLE:The SLC20 family of proteins: dual functions as sodium-phosphate cotransporters and viral receptors.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12759754# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6574.1) or (6575.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: phosphate transport in/out via Na+ symporter

608242
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

608230
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.5
species: 747657

608218
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748093

608206
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.5
species: 747659

752755
type: Reaction
reactant: 585687
name: glycine-cleavage system (lipoamide) irreversible, mitochondrial
fast: false
product: 585699
product: 585711
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_GCC2bim Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.1.2.10 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [m] : alpam + thf --> dhlam + mlthf + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2731#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLDC#ECNUMBERS:1.4.4.2# LOCUS:_275#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AMT#ECNUMBERS:2.1.2.10# LOCUS:_1738#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DLD#ECNUMBERS:1.8.1.4# LOCUS:_2653#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GCSH# proteins: NAME:glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating; glycine decarboxylase, glycine cleavage system protein P), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Gldc.1-m# NAME:aminomethyltransferase (glycine cleavage system protein T), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Amt.1-m# NAME:glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier) #ABBREVIATION:Gcsh.1-m# NAME:dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Dld.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Lee HH, Kim do J, Ahn HJ, Ha JY, Suh SW.#TITLE:Crystal structure of T-protein of the glycine cleavage system. Cofactor binding, insights into H-protein recognition, and molecular basis for understanding nonketotic hyperglycinemia.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15355973# GENE ASSOCIATION: (275.1) and (1738.1) and (2731.1) and (2653.1)
product: 585723
reactant: 585675

585687
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748703

585699
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745880

745880
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Dihydrolipoamide_C8H17NOS2

585711
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747599

747599
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate_C20H21N7O6

585723
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747725

585675
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744960

744960
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: S-aminomethyldihydrolipoamide_C9H21N2OS2

751707
type: Reaction
product: 560687
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLUPRT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.2.14 SUBSYSTEM: IMP Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : gln-L + h2o + prpp --> glu-L + ppi + pram Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_5471#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPAT#ECNUMBERS:2.4.2.14# proteins: NAME:phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase#ABBREVIATION:Ppat.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chen S, Nagy PL, Zalkin H#TITLE:Role of NRF-1 in bidirectional transcription of the human GPAT-AIRC purine biosynthesis locus.#JOURNAL: Nucleic Acids Res. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9108165# AUTHORS:Iwahana H, Oka J, Mizusawa N, Kudo E, Ii S, Yoshimoto K, Holmes EW, Itakura M. #TITLE:Molecular cloning of human amidophosphoribosyltransferase. #JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8380692# AUTHORS:Brayton KA, Chen Z, Zhou G, Nagy PL, Gavalas A, Trent JM, Deaven LL, Dixon JE, Zalkin H. #TITLE:Two genes for de novo purine nucleotide synthesis on human chromosome 4 are closely linked and divergently transcribed.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8106516# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5471.1)
fast: false
name: glutamine phosphoribosyldiphosphate amidotransferase
product: 560699
reactant: 560663
reactant: 560675
reversible: false
reactant: 560651
product: 560711

560687
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

560699
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

560663
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

560675
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748247

560651
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429

560711
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748167

748167
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-Phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine_C5H11NO7P

755569
type: Reaction
product: 652696
reactant: 652684
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_hdcea_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : hdcea <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: hexadecenoate (n-C16:1) exchange

652696
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749595

749595
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Hexadecenoate (n-C16:1)_C16H29O2

652684
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746669

746669
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Hexadecenoate (n-C16:1)_C16H29O2

747597
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate_C20H21N7O6

744044
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate_C5H7O3S

744322
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5,6-dihydrouracil_C4H6N2O2

754697
type: Reaction
product: 631948
reactant: 631936
notes: Abbreviation: R_CARVEOLte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: carveol[e] <==> carveol[c] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism, xenobiotic transport (original and metabolized) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport

631948
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745244

745244
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (E)-carveol_C10H16O

631936
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745246

755964
type: Reaction
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 662333
reactant: 662297
name: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase
reactant: 662309
notes: Abbreviation: R_UAGDP Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.7.23 SUBSYSTEM: Aminosugar Metabolism Equation: [c] : acgam1p + h + utp --> ppi + uacgam Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_6675#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UAP1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.23# LOCUS:_91373#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UAP1L1# proteins: NAME:UDP-N-acteylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1#ABBREVIATION:Uap1.1# NAME:UDP-N-acteylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1-like 1#ABBREVIATION:Uap1l1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# AUTHORS:Mio T, Yabe T, Arisawa M, Yamada-Okabe H#TITLE:The eukaryotic UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylases. Gene cloning, protein expression, and catalytic mechanism#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9603950# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6675.1) or (91373.1)
product: 662345
reactant: 662321

662333
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

662297
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744704

744704
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate_C8H14NO9P

662309
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

662345
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748853

662321
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748945

756428
type: Reaction
product: 672929
reactant: 672917
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2Otly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: h2o[c] <==> h2o[l] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: H2O transport, lysosomal

672929
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

672917
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

756418
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 672722
reactant: 672674
name: galactose/N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase, Golgi apparatus
product: 672710
product: 672698
reactant: 672686
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6T8g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre16 + paps --> h + ksi_pre17 + pap Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10164#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST4# LOCUS:_9435#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST2# LOCUS:_23563#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST5# LOCUS:_23563#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CHST5# LOCUS:_4166#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST6# proteins: NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine-6-O) sulfotransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:Chst2.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 4, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst4.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst5.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst5.2-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chst6.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Uchimura K, Fasakhany F, Kadomatsu K, Matsukawa T, Yamakawa T, Kurosawa N, Muramatsu T#TITLE:Diversity of N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferases: molecular cloning of a novel enzyme with different distribution and specificities#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10913333# AUTHORS:Akama TO, Nakayama J, Nishida K, Hiraoka N, Suzuki M, McAuliffe J, Hindsgaul O, Fukuda M, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Human corneal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase and mouse intestinal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase both produce keratan sulfate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11278593# AUTHORS:de Graffenried CL, Bertozzi CR#TITLE:Golgi localization of carbohydrate sulfotransferases is a determinant of L-selectin ligand biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12855678# AUTHORS:Uchimura K, Muramatsu H, Kaname T, Ogawa H, Yamakawa T, Fan QW, Mitsuoka C, Kannagi R, Habuchi O, Yokoyama I, Yamamura K, Ozaki T, Nakagawara A, Kadomatsu K, Muramatsu T#TITLE:Human N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase involved in…
fast: false

672722
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977

672674
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747059

747059
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 16_C157H253N11O124S4X

672710
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747061

747061
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 17_C157H252N11O127S5X

672698
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

672686
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981

746557
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GT3 (homo sapiens)_C63H104N4O36FULLRCO

744374
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde_C10H9NO2

753959
type: Reaction
product: 614387
reactant: 614375
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_nifedipine_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : nifedipine <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nifedipine exchange

614387
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749703

749703
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: nifedipine_C17H18N2O6

614375
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747743

755759
type: Reaction
product: 657175
reactant: 657163
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dopasf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dopasf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Dopamine 3-O-sulfate exchange

657175
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749437

749437
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Dopamine 3-O-sulfate_C8H11NO5S

657163
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746018

746018
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Dopamine 3-O-sulfate_C8H11NO5S

756630
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 677782
reversible: false
name: heparin-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase
product: 677794
reactant: 677758
product: 677806
notes: Abbreviation: R_S3T2g Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 2.8.2.23 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : hs_pre14 + paps --> h + hs_pre15 + pap Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_9956#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST2#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.23# LOCUS:_222537#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST5# LOCUS:_9951#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST4#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.23# proteins: NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st2.1-g# NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st4.1-g# NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 5, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st5.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Sugahara K, Kitagawa H#TITLE:Heparin and heparan sulfate biosynthesis#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512855# AUTHORS:Shworak NW, Liu J, Petros LM, Zhang L, Kobayashi M, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Rosenberg RD#TITLE:Multiple isoforms of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase. Isolation, characterization, and expression of human cdnas and identification of distinct genomic loci#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:9988767# AUTHORS:Xia G, Chen J, Tiwari V, Ju W, Li JP, Malmstrom A, Shukla D, Liu J#TITLE:Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 5 generates both an antithrombin-binding site and an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus, type 1#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12138164# AUTHORS:Mochizuki H, Yoshida K, Gotoh M, Sugioka S, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Tawada A, Maeyama K, Inaba N, Hiruma T, Kimata K, Narimatsu H#TITLE:Characterization of a heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-5, an enzyme synthesizing a tetrasulfated disaccharide#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12740361# AUTHORS:Liu J, Shworak NW, Sinay P, Schwartz JJ, Zhang L, Fritze LM, Rosenberg RD#TITLE:Expression of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms reveals novel substrate specificities#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:9988768# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9956.1) or (99…
reactant: 677770

677782
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

677794
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746823

746823
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: heparan sulfate, precursor 15_C79H114N5O98S11X

677758
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746821

746821
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: heparan sulfate, precursor 14_C79H115N5O95S10X

677806
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977

677770
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981

744200
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA_C35H56N7O18P3S

747753
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: NMN_C11H14N2O8P

749529
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: glycochenodeoxycholate_C26H43NO5

756336
type: Reaction
product: 670820
fast: false
product: 670796
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_C4STMO2r Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: Cholesterol Metabolism Equation: [r] : 4mzym_int2 + nad + o2 --> co2 + h + nadh + zym_int2 Confidence Level: 4 double check rxn specifics - see lit ref: Marijanovic, Molecular Endocrinology 2003 17:1715-1725 ER version NJ genes: LOCUS:_6307#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SC4MOL# LOCUS:_50814#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NSDHL# proteins: NAME:sterol-C4-methyl oxidase#ABBREVIATION:Sc4mol.1# NAME:NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Nsdhl.1# citations: AUTHORS:Marijanovic Z, Laubner D, Moller G, Gege C, Husenn B, Adamski J, Breitling R#TITLE:Closing the gap: Identification of human 3-ketosteroid reductase, the last unknown enzyme of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Molecular Endocrinology#YEAR:2005# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6307.1) or (50814.1)
name: C-4 methyl sterol oxidase
reactant: 670772
reactant: 670760
product: 670784
reactant: 670748
product: 670808

670820
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749111

749111
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: zymosterol intermediate 2_C27H42O

670796
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

670772
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747803

670760
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747677

670784
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745414

745414
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: CO2_CO2

670748
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744292

744292
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _4-Methylzymosterol intermediate 2_C28H44O

670808
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747685

747685
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - reduced_C21H27N7O14P2

751859
type: Reaction
reactant: 564064
name: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus
product: 564100
product: 564112
product: 564088
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GNT315g Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : acglc13galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + udpgal --> galacglc13galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yokoyama-Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi T, Sekine S, Kato S.#TITLE:Selection of cDNAs encoding putative type II membrane proteins on the cell surface from a human full-length cDNA bank.#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10072769# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10331.1)
reactant: 564076
reversible: false

564064
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744720

744720
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: nLc7Cer_C66H115N4O37FULLRCO

564100
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

564112
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

564088
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746343

746343
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: nLc8Cer_C72H125N4O42FULLRCO

564076
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887

746713
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Histidine_C6H9N3O2

747993
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine_C6H14N2O3

744534
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R group 5 Coenzyme A homo sapiens_XCO2C21H31N7O15P3S

746765
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 12_C55H82N3O64S6

748813
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: testosterone sulfate_C19H27O5S

754651
type: Reaction
product: 630938
reactant: 630926
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_s2l2fn2m2masn_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : s2l2fn2m2masn <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: PA6 exchange

630938
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749812

749812
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: PA6_C90H145N6O65X

630926
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748391

745632
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S) proteoglycan_C45H64N2O51S5X

750028
type: Reaction
product: 520703
reactant: 520690
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADEt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ade[e] <==> ade[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3177#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a2.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Yao SY, Ng AM, Vickers MF, Sundaram M, Cass CE, Baldwin SA, Young JD.#TITLE:Functional and molecular characterization of nucleobase transport by recombinant human and rat equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12006583# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3177.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: adenine reversible transport, cytosol

520703
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744798

744798
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Adenine_C5H5N5

520690
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744800

747089
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 2_C87H142N6O62X

755105
type: Reaction
product: 642021
product: 642009
reactant: 641997
reactant: 641985
notes: Abbreviation: R_DCSPTN1CPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + dcsptn1crn --> crn + dcsptn1coa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1376#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# proteins: NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Cpt2.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1376.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine transferase

642021
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745738

745738
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoyl coenzyme A_C43H64N7O17P3S

642009
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486

641997
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745744

745744
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoyl carnitine_C29H47NO4

641985
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

748865
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2

747841
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Octadecanoyl-ACP (n-C18:0ACP)_C29H55N2O8PRS

750018
type: Reaction
reactant: 520422
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_3MOX4HOXPGALDOX_LPAREN_NADP_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.5 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : 3m4hpga + h2o + nadp <==> 3mox4hoxm + (2) h + nadph Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_221#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_222#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_220#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A3#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_218#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a3.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (222.1) or (220.1) or (221.1) or (218.1)
reactant: 520434
name: _3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reactant: 520446
product: 520482
product: 520470
product: 520458
reversible: true

520422
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744164

744164
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde_C9H10O4

520434
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

520446
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

520482
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

520470
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

520458
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744184

744184
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate_C9H9O5

752367
type: Reaction
product: 576283
product: 576271
reactant: 576259
reactant: 576247
notes: Abbreviation: R_TCHOLAt2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) na1[e] + tchola[e] --> (2) na1[c] + tchola[c] Confidence Level: 4 electrogenic uptake NJ genes: LOCUS:_6555#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC10A2# LOCUS:_6554#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC10A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter family), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc10a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter family), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc10a2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Hagenbuch B, Dawson P.#TITLE:The sodium bile salt cotransport family SLC10.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12851823# AUTHORS:Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, chromosomal localization, and functional characterization of a human liver Na+/bile acid cotransporter.#JOURNAL:J Clin Invest.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8132774# AUTHORS:Oelkers P, Kirby LC, Heubi JE, Dawson PA.#TITLE:Primary bile acid malabsorption caused by mutations in the ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter gene (SLC10A2).#JOURNAL:J Clin Invest.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9109432# AUTHORS:Wong MH, Oelkers P, Dawson PA.#TITLE:Identification of a mutation in the ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter gene that abolishes transport activity.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7592981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6554.1) or (6555.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: taurocholate transport via sodium cotransport

576283
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748599

576271
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747657

576259
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748601

748601
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: taurocholic acid_C26H45NO7S

576247
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659

751319
type: Reaction
product: 551108
product: 551095
reactant: 551083
reactant: 551071
notes: Abbreviation: R_SUCCt2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: pi[m] + succ[c] <==> pi[c] + succ[m] Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_1468#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A10# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25 (dicarboxylate transporter) member 10, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a10.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1468.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: succinate transport, mitochondrial

551108
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748563

748563
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Succinate_C4H4O4

551095
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

551083
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748559

551071
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099

755459
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 650079
product: 650103
reactant: 650091
notes: Abbreviation: R_METS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.1.1.13 SUBSYSTEM: Methionine Metabolism Equation: [c] : 5mthf + hcys-L --> h + met-L + thf Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_4548#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTR#ECNUMBERS:2.1.1.13# proteins: NAME:_5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase #ABBREVIATION:Metr.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4548.1)
reversible: false
product: 650127
name: methionine synthase
product: 650115

650079
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744398

744398
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-Methyltetrahydrofolate_C20H24N7O6

650103
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

650091
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746657

746657
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Homocysteine_C4H9NO2S

650127
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748697

748697
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate_C19H21N7O6

650115
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747537

757002
type: Reaction
product: 686695
product: 686683
reactant: 686671
reactant: 686659
notes: Abbreviation: R_PHACCOAGLNAC Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.14 SUBSYSTEM: Phenylalanine metabolism Equation: [c] : gln-L + phaccoa --> coa + pheacgln Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, Neil D. Clarke#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:2002# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase

686695
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748059

748059
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine_C13H16N2O4

686683
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

686671
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748051

686659
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429

755671
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 655096
notes: Abbreviation: R_TRDRm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.8.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [m] : h + nadph + trdox --> nadp + trdrd Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10587#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD2# LOCUS:_10587#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD2#ECNUMBERS:1.8.1.9# LOCUS:_10587#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD2#ECNUMBERS:1.8.1.9# LOCUS:_114112#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD3# proteins: NAME:thioredoxin reductase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Txnrd2.1-m# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Txnrd2.2-m# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 2#ABBREVIATION:Txnrd2.3-m# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 3 #ABBREVIATION:Txnrd3.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Kim MR, Chang HS, Kim BH, Kim S, Baek SH, Kim JH, Lee SR, Kim JR.#TITLE:Involvements of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2) in cell proliferation.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12705894# AUTHORS:Miranda-Vizuete A, Damdimopoulos AE, Pedrajas JR, Gustafsson JA, Spyrou G.#TITLE:Human mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase cDNA cloning, expression and genomic organization. #JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10215850# AUTHORS:Sun QA, Kirnarsky L, Sherman S, Gladyshev VN.#TITLE:Selenoprotein oxidoreductase with specificity for thioredoxin and glutathione systems.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11259642# GENE ASSOCIATION: (114112.1) or (10587.1) or (10587.3) or (10587.2)
reversible: false
product: 655108
reactant: 655060
reactant: 655072
name: thioredoxin reductase (NADPH)
reactant: 655084

655096
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693

655108
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748779

748779
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Reduced thioredoxin_XH2

655060
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

655072
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703

655084
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748775

748775
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Oxidized thioredoxin_X

750813
type: Reaction
product: 539317
reactant: 539305
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_acn13acngalgbside_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : acn13acngalgbside_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sialyl (1,3) sialyl (2,6) galactosylgloboside (homo sapiens) exchange

539317
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749241

749241
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: sialyl (1,3) sialyl (2,6) galactosylgloboside (homo sapiens)_C72H121N4O43FULLRCO

539305
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744746

749075
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane_C27H48O3

750803
type: Reaction
product: 539124
product: 539112
reactant: 539100
reactant: 539088
notes: Abbreviation: R_UGT1A9r Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : 5adtststerone + udpglcur --> 5adtststeroneglc + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_54490#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT2B28# proteins: NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B28#ABBREVIATION:Ugt2b28.1# citations: AUTHORS:Levesque E, Turgeon D, Carrier JS, Montminy V, Beaulieu M, Belanger A.#TITLE:Isolation and characterization of the UGT2B28 cDNA encoding a novel human steroid conjugating UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11300766# GENE ASSOCIATION: (54490.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 precursor, microsomal

539124
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748869

539112
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744338

744338
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone glucuronide_C25H38O8

539100
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748893

539088
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744332

744332
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone_C19H30O2

748815
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Thiosulfate_O3S2

752443
type: Reaction
product: 578156
product: 578144
reactant: 578132
reactant: 578120
notes: Abbreviation: R_ESTRADIOLGLCt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: estradiolglc[e] + hco3[c] <==> estradiolglc[c] + hco3[e] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_53919#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLCO1C1# LOCUS:_28234#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLCO1B3# LOCUS:_6579#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLCO1A2# LOCUS:_28231#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLCO4A1# LOCUS:_10599#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLCO1B1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1A2#ABBREVIATION:Slco1a2.1# NAME:solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1#ABBREVIATION:Slco1b1.1# NAME:solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B3#ABBREVIATION:Slco1b3.1# NAME:solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 4A1#ABBREVIATION:Slco4a1.1# NAME:solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1C1#ABBREVIATION:Slco1c1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kullak-Ublick GA, Beuers U, Meier PJ, Domdey H, Paumgartner G.#TITLE:Assignment of the human organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) gene to chromosome 12p12 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.#JOURNAL:J Hepatol.#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:9007731# AUTHORS:Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ.#TITLE:The superfamily of organic anion transporting polypeptides.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12507753# AUTHORS:Satlin LM, Amin V, Wolkoff AW.#TITLE:Organic anion transporting polypeptide mediates organic anion/HCO3- exchange.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9334206# GENE ASSOCIATION: (28234.1) or (28231.1) or (10599.1) or (6579.1) or (53919.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: estradiol glucuronide transport via bicarbonate countertransport

578156
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746649

578144
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746154

578132
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746647

578120
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746156

746156
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: estradiol glucuronide_C24H32O8

755539
type: Reaction
name: beta-ureidopropionase (D-3-amino-isobutanoate forming)
reversible: false
product: 651959
product: 651972
reactant: 651947
reactant: 651935
fast: false
reactant: 651923
product: 651984
notes: Abbreviation: R_BUP2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.1.6 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Catabolism Equation: [c] : 3uib + (2) h + h2o --> 3aib-D + co2 + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_51733#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UPB1# proteins: NAME:ureidopropionase, beta#ABBREVIATION:Upb1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# AUTHORS:Sakamoto T, Sakata SF, Matsuda K, Horikawa Y, Tamaki N.#TITLE:Expression and properties of human liver beta-ureidopropionase.#JOURNAL:J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11508704# AUTHORS:Kakimoto Y, Taniguchi K, Sano I.#TITLE:D-beta-aminoisobutyrate:pyruvate aminotransferase in mammalian liver and excretion of beta-aminoisobutyrate by man.#YEAR:1969#PUBMED:5773299# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51733.1)

651959
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744106

651972
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404

651947
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

651935
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

651923
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744220

744220
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Ureidoisobutyrate_C5H9N2O3

651984
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721

744910
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _1-alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate_C3H4O6PFULLRC2H4

746389
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GD1beta (homo sapiens)_C66H111N4O38FULLRCO

753989
type: Reaction
reactant: 614979
product: 615029
product: 615004
reactant: 614992
name: glycogenin self-glucosylation
fast: false
product: 615016
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGNG Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Starch and Sucrose Metabolism Equation: [c] : Tyr-ggn + (8) udpg --> ggn + (8) h + (8) udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2998#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GYS2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.11# LOCUS:_2997#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GYS1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.11# LOCUS:_2992#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GYG# LOCUS:_8908#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GYG2# proteins: NAME:glycogenin#ABBREVIATION:Gyg.1# NAME:glycogenin 2#ABBREVIATION:Gyg2.1# NAME:glycogen synthase 1 (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Gys1.1# NAME:glycogen synthase 2 (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Gys2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Barbetti F, Rocchi M, Bossolasco M, Cordera R, Sbraccia P, Finelli P, Consalez GG.#TITLE:The human skeletal muscle glycogenin gene: cDNA, tissue expression and chromosomal localization#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8602861# AUTHORS:Mu J, Skurat AV, Roach PJ#TITLE:Glycogenin-2, a novel self-glucosylating protein involved in liver glycogen biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1997# AUTHORS:Mu J, Roach PJ#TITLE:Characterization of human glycogenin-2, a self-glucosylating initiator of liver glycogen metabolism#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9857012# AUTHORS:Lomako J, Lomako WM, Whelan WJ#TITLE:Glycogenin: the primer for mammalian and yeast glycogen synthesis#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15238248# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8908.1) and (2998.1) or (2998.1) and (2992.1) or (2997.1) and (2992.1) or (8908.1) and (2997.1)
reversible: false

614979
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744602

744602
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Tyr-194 of apo-glycogenin protein (primer for glycogen synthesis)_XOH

615029
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 8.0
species: 748857

615004
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746411

746411
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: primed glycogenin (glycogenin-8[1,4-Glc])_C48H81O41X

614992
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 8.0
species: 748879

615016
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 8.0
species: 746625

756116
type: Reaction
product: 665548
reactant: 665536
notes: Abbreviation: R_BTNtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: btn[c] <==> btn[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Pispa J.#TITLE:Animal biotinidase.#JOURNAL:Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn. #YEAR:1965#PUBMED:5867120# AUTHORS:Zempleni J., Mock D.M.#TITLE:Biotin homeostasis during the cell cycle #JOURNAL:Nutrition Research Reviews#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Hymes J, Fleischhauer K, Wolf B.#TITLE:Biotinylation of biotinidase following incubation with biocytin.#JOURNAL:Clin Chim Acta#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7758201# AUTHORS:Hymes J, Fleischhauer K, Wolf B.#TITLE:Biotinylation of histones by human serum biotinidase: assessment of biotinyl-transferase activity in sera from normal individuals and children with biotinidase deficiency.#JOURNAL:Biochem Mol Med.#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:8593541# AUTHORS:Zempleni J.#TITLE:Uptake, localization, and noncarboxylase roles of biotin.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:16011464# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Biotin transport, nuclear

665548
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745194

745194
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Biotin_C10H15N2O3S

665536
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745188

745188
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Biotin_C10H15N2O3S

755741
type: Reaction
product: 656641
reactant: 656628
notes: Abbreviation: R_AMETr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: amet[c] <==> amet[r] Confidence Level: 1 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine intracellular diffusion

656641
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744972

744972
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine_C15H23N6O5S

656628
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744966

747671
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide_C21H26N7O14P2

756492
type: Reaction
product: 674426
reactant: 674377
notes: Abbreviation: R_G5SDym Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.41 SUBSYSTEM: Urea cycle/amino group metabolism Equation: [m] : glu5p + h + nadph --> glu5sa + nadp + pi Confidence Level: 2 SAB m TDV: name change from G5SDm genes: LOCUS:_5832#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH18A1# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh18a1.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Hu CA, Lin WW, Obie C, Valle D#TITLE:Molecular enzymology of mammalian Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. Alternative splice donor utilization generates isoforms with different sensitivity to ornithine inhibition#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10037775# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5832.1)
product: 674414
fast: false
reactant: 674402
product: 674438
reactant: 674390
reversible: false
name: glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (m)

674426
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693

674377
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746432

674414
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746434

746434
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Glutamate 5-semialdehyde_C5H9NO3

674402
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703

674438
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099

674390
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

756600
type: Reaction
product: 677024
reactant: 677012
notes: Abbreviation: R_FRDPtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: frdp[x] <==> frdp[r] Confidence Level: 2 cholesterol precursor, transport by "diffusion" -> actually beleived to be flip-flop mechanism (PMID: 12840657). See also Krisans (PMID: 14713247, PMID: 12121718) for synthesis of cholesterol pathway (why FRDP needs to be transported between ER and peroxisome) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Kovacs WJ, Olivier LM, Krisans SK.#TITLE:Central role of peroxisomes in isoprenoid biosynthesis.#JOURNAL:Prog Lipid Res.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12121718# AUTHORS:Kovacs WJ, Krisans S.#TITLE:Cholesterol biosynthesis and regulation: role of peroxisomes.#JOURNAL:Adv Exp Med Biol.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14713247# AUTHORS:Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Fast flip-flop of cholesterol and fatty acids in membranes: implications for membrane transport proteins.#JOURNAL:Curr Opin Lipidol. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12840657# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: lipid, flip-flop intracellular transport

677024
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746249

746249
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Farnesyl diphosphate_C15H25O7P2

677012
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746250

746250
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Farnesyl diphosphate_C15H25O7P2

752675
type: Reaction
product: 583645
product: 583633
reactant: 583620
reactant: 583608
notes: Abbreviation: R_PSSA1_hs Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.8.8 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : pchol_hs + ser-L <==> chol + ps_hs Confidence Level: 4 phosphatidylcholine as substrate NJ genes: LOCUS:_9791#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PTDSS1# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylserine synthase 1#ABBREVIATION:PTDSS1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9791.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Phosphatidylserine synthase homo sapiens

583645
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748249

748249
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidylserine (homo sapiens)_C6H11NO6PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

583633
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745292

745292
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Choline_C5H14NO

583620
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748455

583608
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747983

748309
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Pyruvate_C3H3O3

751627
type: Reaction
product: 558736
reactant: 558712
fast: false
product: 558748
reactant: 558700
product: 558724
reversible: true
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL240 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + lgnc <==> amp + lgnccoa + ppi Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2180.1)
reactant: 558688
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase

558736
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747275

747275
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: lignocericyl coenzyme A_C45H78N7O17P3S

558712
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747271

747271
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: lignoceric acid_C24H47O2

558748
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

558700
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

558724
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

558688
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

746425
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate_C6H8O10P

749209
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Cystine_C6H12N2O4S2

748645
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: tetracosapentaenoyl carnitine_C31H51NO4

750545
type: Reaction
product: 533171
product: 533159
reactant: 533147
reactant: 533135
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : dcmp + gtp <==> dcdp + gdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_26289#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AK5# LOCUS:_26289#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AK5# proteins: NAME:adenylate kinase 5 #ABBREVIATION:Ak5.1# NAME:adenylate kinase 5 #ABBREVIATION:Ak5.2# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Identification of a novel human adenylate kinase. cDNA cloning, expression analysis, chromosome localization and characterization of the recombinant protein. #JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10215863# GENE ASSOCIATION: (26289.1) or (26289.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (dCMP)(GTP)

533171
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746401

533159
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745716

533147
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746571

533135
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745724

747621
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Malonate semialdehyde_C3H3O3

755245
type: Reaction
reactant: 645265
reactant: 645241
reactant: 645253
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 645301
product: 645277
reactant: 645229
name: R group artificial flux
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR57 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: (3) fadh2[m] + (3) h[m] + (3) nadph[m] + tethex3coa[c] --> (1.5) R5coa_hs[c] + (3) fad[m] + (3) nadp[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 645289

645265
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748629

645241
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746631

645253
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747703

645301
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747693

645277
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.5
species: 744534

645229
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746218

645289
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746214

746477
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GM1alpha (homo sapiens)_C55H95N3O30FULLRCO

753275
type: Reaction
product: 597867
reactant: 597855
notes: Abbreviation: R_PA_HStg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: pa_hs[c] <==> pa_hs[g] Confidence Level: 2 for assumed reversible, non-energy dep scramblase mechanism (PMID: 10856717). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Daleke DL, Lyles JV.#TITLE:Identification and purification of aminophospholipid flippases.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10856717# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: phosphatidate scramblase

597867
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747913

747913
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: phosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H5O4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

597855
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747911

747911
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H5O4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

752279
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_KYN3OX Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 1.14.13.9 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : Lkynr + h + nadph + o2 --> h2o + hLkynr + nadp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8564#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:KMO#ECNUMBERS:1.14.13.9# proteins: NAME:kynurenine 3-monooxygenase#ABBREVIATION:Kmo.1# citations: AUTHORS:Alberati-Giani D, Cesura AM, Broger C, Warren WD, Rover S, Malherbe P#TITLE:Cloning and functional expression of human kynurenine 3-monooxygenase#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9237672# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8564.1)
fast: false
reactant: 574019
reversible: false
product: 574056
product: 574044
product: 574069
reactant: 574032
reactant: 573995
name: kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
reactant: 574007

574019
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

574056
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746623

574044
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

574069
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

574032
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

573995
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744504

744504
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Kynurenine_C10H12N2O3

574007
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

755295
type: Reaction
product: 646311
reactant: 646299
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_omeprazole_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : omeprazole <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: omeprazole exchange

646311
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749730

749730
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: omeprazole_C17H19N3O3S

646299
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747883

747883
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: omeprazole_C17H19N3O3S

749449
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: ebastine_C32H39NO2

747861
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

748523
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Spermine_C10H30N4

755401
type: Reaction
product: 648838
reactant: 648826
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_lys_DASH_L_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : lys-L <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-Lysine exchange

648838
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749667

749667
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Lysine_C6H15N2O2

648826
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747367

747367
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Lysine_C6H15N2O2

746190
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Ethanolamine_C2H8NO

747527
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _3-mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfide_C6H10O5S2N

756000
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST8SIA55g Synonyms: _13 EC Number: 2.4.99.8 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : cmpacna + gq1c_hs --> cmp + gp1calpha_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_29906#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT8E# proteins: NAME:ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 5 #ABBREVIATION:St8sia5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Sandhoff K, Kolter T#TITLE:Biosynthesis and degradation of mammalian glycosphingolipids#JOURNAL:Phil Trans R Soc Lond B#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Kim YJ, Kim KS, Do S, Kim CH, Kim SK, Lee YC.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of human alpha2,8-sialyltransferase (hST8Sia V).#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9199191# GENE ASSOCIATION: (29906.1)
reactant: 662947
reversible: false
product: 662971
product: 662983
product: 662995
reactant: 662959
fast: false
name: Beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase

662947
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396

662971
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386

662983
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746505

746505
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GP1c alpha (homo sapiens)_C99H159N7O62FULLRCO

662995
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

662959
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746527

746527
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GQ1c (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO

745500
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Corticosterone_C21H30O4

749605
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Homoserine_C4H9NO3

755958
type: Reaction
product: 662213
reactant: 662201
notes: Abbreviation: R_EICOSTETCRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: eicostetcrn[c] --> eicostetcrn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: transport into the mitochondria (carnitine)

662213
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746128

746128
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Eicosatetranoyl carnitine_C27H45NO4

662201
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746126

746126
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Eicosatetranoyl carnitine_C27H45NO4

750190
type: Reaction
product: 524477
product: 524464
reactant: 524451
reactant: 524438
notes: Abbreviation: R_DMHPTCRNCPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + dmhptcrn <==> crn + dmhptcoa Confidence Level: 2 made reversible since Keq ~ 0.6. dmhptcoa is a special case because its biochemical fate has not be elucidated. NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# AUTHORS:Verhoeven NM, Wanders RJ, Poll-The BT, Saudubray JM, Jakobs C.#TITLE:The metabolism of phytanic acid and pristanic acid in man: a review.#JOURNAL:J Inherit Metab Dis#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9819701# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoly CoA carnitine transferase

524477
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745942

524464
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486

524451
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745948

745948
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl carnitine_C16H35NO4

524438
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

753775
type: Reaction
product: 609853
product: 609841
reactant: 609792
reversible: true
name: L-4-hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
notes: Abbreviation: R_4HGLSDm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.5.1.12 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [m] : 4hglusa + h2o + nad <==> e4hglu + (2) h + nadh Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8659#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH4A1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.12# LOCUS:_8659#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALDH4A1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.12# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh4a1.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh4a1.2-m# citations: AUTHORS:Knight J, Holmes RP#TITLE:Mitochondrial hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for primary hyperoxaluria#JOURNAL:Am J Nephrol#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15849464# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8659.1) or (8659.2)
reactant: 609805
fast: false
reactant: 609817
product: 609829

609853
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

609841
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746631

609792
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744264

744264
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-4-Hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde_C5H9NO4

609805
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

609817
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

609829
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746092

748047
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: phosphatidylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C6H12O6PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

752727
type: Reaction
product: 584939
reactant: 584927
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dmhptcrn_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dmhptcrn <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl carnitine exchange

584939
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749433

749433
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl carnitine_C16H35NO4

584927
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745946

753345
type: Reaction
product: 599356
reactant: 599344
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_nrpphrsf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : nrpphrsf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Sulfate derivative of norepinephrine exchange

599356
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749711

749711
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Sulfate derivative of norepinephrine_C8H11NO6S

599344
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747775

747775
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Sulfate derivative of norepinephrine_C8H11NO6S

752717
type: Reaction
name: Itaconate--CoA ligase (GDP-forming), mitochondrial
product: 584722
reactant: 584674
product: 584698
product: 584710
fast: false
reversible: true
reactant: 584686
notes: Abbreviation: R_ITCOAL1m Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 6.2.1.4 SUBSYSTEM: C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism Equation: [m] : coa + gtp + itacon <==> gdp + itaccoa + pi Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8802#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUCLG1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.4# LOCUS:_8801#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUCLG2#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.4# proteins: NAME:Succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming), mitochondiral#ABBREVIATION:Suclg-m# citations: AUTHORS:WANG SF, ADLER J, LARDY HA#TITLE:The pathway of itaconate metabolism by liver mitochondria#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1961#PUBMED:13783048# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8802.1 and 8801.1)
reactant: 584662

584722
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099

584674
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746575

584698
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746404

584710
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746935

584686
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746937

584662
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

745982
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate, human uterine homolog_C1085H1780O90P10

750270
type: Reaction
product: 526345
product: 526333
reactant: 526322
reactant: 526310
notes: Abbreviation: R_CRNCARtp Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: acrn[x] + crn[c] --> acrn[c] + crn[x] Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine-acetylcarnitine carrier, peroxisomal

526345
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745490

526333
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744790

526322
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482

526310
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744796

744796
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: O-Acetylcarnitine_C9H17NO4

747355
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: lysophosphatidylcholine (homo sapiens)_C8H19NO5PFULLRCO2

753501
type: Reaction
name: L-lactate dehydrogenase
product: 602918
reactant: 602906
reactant: 602894
notes: Abbreviation: R_LDH_Lm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.27 SUBSYSTEM: Pyruvate Metabolism Equation: [m] : lac-L + nad <==> h + nadh + pyr Confidence Level: 4 This follows the convention of L-LACtm Also see LDL_D. genes: LOCUS:_3939#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHA#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# proteins: NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A (liver, sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Ldha.1# citations: AUTHORS:Brooks GA, Dubouchaud H, Brown M, Sicurello JP, Butz CE.#TITLE:Role of mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase and lactate oxidation in the intracellular lactate shuttle.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:9927705# AUTHORS:Ewaschuk JB, Naylor JM, Zello GA#TITLE:D-lactate in human and ruminant metabolism#JOURNAL:J Nutr#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15987839# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3939.1)
product: 602942
fast: false
reversible: true
product: 602930

602918
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

602906
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

602894
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747217

747217
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Lactate_C3H5O3

602942
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748307

602930
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

743980
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _20alpha-hydroxy cholesterol_C27H46O2

746495
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GP1c (homo sapiens)_C99H159N7O62FULLRCO

746192
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Ethanolamine phosphate_C2H7NO4P

748255
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: phosphatidylserine (homo sapiens)_C6H11NO6PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

749607
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: heptadecanoate_C17H33O2

748049
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate (homo sapiens)_C6H11O9P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

752879
type: Reaction
product: 588559
reactant: 588547
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCACGALFUCGALACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: fucacgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> fucacgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport

588559
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746265

588547
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746267

744190
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA_C31H48N7O18P3S

746257
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: III3Fuc-nLc6Cer_C64H112N3O36FULLRCO

750467
type: Reaction
product: 531258
product: 531246
reactant: 531234
reactant: 531222
notes: Abbreviation: R_PPAn Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.6.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Miscellaneous Equation: [n] : h2o + ppi --> h + (2) pi Confidence Level: 1 genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: inorganic diphosphatase, nuclear

531258
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 748101

531246
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746633

531234
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748141

748141
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Diphosphate_HO7P2

531222
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746617

755275
type: Reaction
product: 645997
product: 645985
reactant: 645973
reactant: 645961
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETPENT3CPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + tetpent3coa --> coa + tetpent3crn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.3) or (1375.4) or (126129.1) or (1374.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

645997
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748643

748643
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: tetracosapentaenoyl carnitine_C31H51NO4

645985
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

645973
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748637

645961
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482

748205
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Proline_C5H9NO2

749229
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Acetaldehyde_C2H4O

753005
type: Reaction
product: 591553
product: 591541
reactant: 591529
reactant: 591517
notes: Abbreviation: R_2OXOADPTm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: _2oxoadp[c] + akg[m] <==> 2oxoadp[m] + akg[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB PMID 11083877 genes: LOCUS:_89874#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A21# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial oxodicarboxylate carrier), member 21#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a21.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Fiermonte G, Dolce V, Palmieri L, Ventura M, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE#TITLE:Identification of the human mitochondrial oxodicarboxylate carrier. Bacterial expression, reconstitution, functional characterization, tissue distribution, and chromosomal location#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11083877# GENE ASSOCIATION: (89874.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _2-oxoadipate shuttle (cytosol/mitochondria)

591553
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912

591541
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744066

744066
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _2-Oxoadipate_C6H6O5

591529
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916

591517
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744064

744064
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-Oxoadipate_C6H6O5

744858
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Adrenyl carnitine_C29H49NO4

745838
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate_C3H5O6P

746497
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GP1c (homo sapiens)_C99H159N7O62FULLRCO

753653
type: Reaction
product: 606691
reactant: 606679
notes: Abbreviation: R_VITD3t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: vitd3[c] --> vitd3[e] Confidence Level: 2 I am not sure how vitamin D3 is released from Skin cells based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.193 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Vitamin D3 release

606691
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748979

748979
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Vitamin D3_C27H44O

606679
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748977

748977
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Vitamin D3_C27H44O

748257
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: phosphatidylserine (homo sapiens)_C6H11NO6PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

753603
type: Reaction
product: 605457
reactant: 605445
reactant: 605432
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADK1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.3 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [m] : amp + atp <==> (2) adp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_205#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AK3#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.10# LOCUS:_204#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AK2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.3# LOCUS:_204#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:AK2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.3# LOCUS:_204#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AK2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.3# LOCUS:_205#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:AK3#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.10# LOCUS:_205#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AK3#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.10# proteins: NAME:adenylate kinase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Ak2.1-m# NAME:adenylate kinase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Ak2.2-m# NAME:adenylate kinase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Ak2.3-m# NAME:adenylate kinase 3 #ABBREVIATION:Ak3.1-m# NAME:adenylate kinase 3 #ABBREVIATION:Ak3.2-m# NAME:adenylate kinase 3 #ABBREVIATION:Ak3.3-m# citations: AUTHORS:Noma T, Song S, Yoon YS, Tanaka S, Nakazawa A. #TITLE:cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of the gene encoding human adenylate kinase isozyme 2. #JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta. #YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9434148# AUTHORS:Lee Y, Kim JW, Lee IA, Kang HB, Choe YK, Lee HG, Lim JS, Kim HJ, Park C, Choe IS.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of cDNA for human adenylate kinase 2A.#JOURNAL:Biochem Mol Biol Int. #YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8843353# AUTHORS:Bruns GA, Regina VM.#TITLE:Adenylate kinase 2, a mitochondrial enzyme.#JOURNAL:Biochem Genet.#YEAR:1977#PUBMED:195572# AUTHORS:Noma T, Fujisawa K, Yamashiro Y, Shinohara M, Nakazawa A, Gondo T, Ishihara T, Yoshinobu K.#TITLE:Structure and expression of human mitochondrial adenylate kinase targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. #JOURNAL:Biochem J.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11485571# GENE ASSOCIATION: (204.3) or (204.1) or (205.1) or (205.3) or (205.2) or (204.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: adenylate kinase, mitochondrial

605457
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744822

605445
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118

605432
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744984

750316
type: Reaction
reactant: 527366
product: 527439
name: oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase
reactant: 527378
product: 527415
reactant: 527390
fast: false
reversible: false
reactant: 527402
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4507B11r Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : h + nadph + o2 + xol25oh --> h2o + nadp + xoltri25 Confidence Level: 4 NJ - added, substrates by analogy to other xol hydroxylase reactions (NADH in general can be used in place of NADPH) genes: LOCUS:_9420#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP7B1# proteins: NAME:cytochrom P450, family 7, subfamily B, polypeptide 1#ABBREVIATION:Cyp7b1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9420.1)
product: 527427

527366
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

527439
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749065

749065
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _7-alpha,25-Dihydroxycholesterol_C27H46O3

527378
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747707

527415
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619

527390
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747803

527402
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749011

749011
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _25-Hydroxycholesterol_C27H46O2

527427
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697

751379
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCNACT1g Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cs,hs_linkage + uacgam --> h + hs_pre1 + udp Confidence Level: 4 EC 2.4.1.223 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2135#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXTL2# LOCUS:_2137#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXTL3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# proteins: NAME:exostoses (multiple)-like 2, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Extl2.1-g# NAME:exostoses (multiple)-like 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Extl3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Wuyts W, Van Hul W, Hendrickx J, Speleman F, Wauters J, De Boulle K, Van Roy N, Van Agtmael T, Bossuyt P, Willems PJ#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a novel member of the EXT gene family, EXTL2#JOURNAL:Eur J Hum Genet#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9450183# AUTHORS:Saito T, Seki N, Yamauchi M, Tsuji S, Hayashi A, Kozuma S, Hori T#TITLE:Structure, chromosomal location, and expression profile of EXTR1 and EXTR2, new members of the multiple exostoses gene family#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9473480# AUTHORS:Kitagawa H, Shimakawa H, Sugahara K.#TITLE:The tumor suppressor EXT-like gene EXTL2 encodes an alpha1, 4-N-acetylhexosaminyltransferase that transfers N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine to the common glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10318803# AUTHORS:Sugahara K, Kitagawa H#TITLE:Heparin and heparan sulfate biosynthesis#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512855# AUTHORS:Kim BT, Kitagawa H, Tamura J, Saito T, Kusche-Gullberg M, Lindahl U, Sugahara K#TITLE:Human tumor suppressor EXT gene family members EXTL1 and EXTL3 encode alpha 1,4- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases that likely are involved in heparan sulfate/ heparin biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11390981# AUTHORS:Van Hul W, Wuyts W, Hendrickx J, Speleman F, Wauters J, De Boulle K, Van Roy N, Bossuyt P, Willems PJ#TITLE:Identification of a third EXT-like gene (EXTL3) belonging to the EXT gene family#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1998#PUB…
reversible: false
reactant: 552543
reactant: 552555
product: 552579
name: alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, Golgi apparatus
fast: false
product: 552567
product: 552591

552543
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745510

745510
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate/heparan sulfate linkage region (GlcA-(Gal)2-Xyl-L-Ser (protein))_C23H36O20X

552555
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

552579
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746825

746825
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: heparan sulfate, precursor 1_C31H49NO25X

552567
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

552591
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

747307
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Linoelaidyl carnitine_C25H45NO4

749107
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: gamma-Tocopherol_C28H48O2

750699
type: Reaction
product: 536591
product: 536579
reactant: 536567
reactant: 536555
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGT_L Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : (17.6) ipdp + ttc-ggdp --> (0.1) dedoldp_L + (17.6) ppi Confidence Level: 0 EC 2.5.1.- NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: geranylgeranyltransferase (liver)

536591
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 17.6
species: 748137

536579
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745788

745788
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dehydrodolichol diphosphate, human liver homolog_C1080H1738O70P20

536567
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748821

748821
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: trans,trans,cis-Geranylgeranyl diphosphate_C20H33O7P2

536555
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 17.6
species: 746931

746931
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Isopentenyl diphosphate_C5H9O7P2

749159
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-3-Amino-isobutanoate_C4H9NO2

744782
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: VI3NeuAc-nLc6Cer_C69H118N4O40FULLRCO

749347
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Cys-Gly_C5H10N2O3S

743908
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _11-Deoxycorticosterone_C21H30O3

754471
type: Reaction
product: 626867
product: 626855
reactant: 626843
reactant: 626831
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : atp + dcmp <==> adp + dcdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (dCMP)

626867
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745716

626855
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

626843
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745724

626831
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

751493
type: Reaction
product: 555443
product: 555430
reactant: 555382
fast: false
reactant: 555358
reactant: 555370
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASPt6 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: asp-L[e] + h[e] + k[c] + (3) na1[e] --> asp-L[c] + h[c] + k[e] + (3) na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2003 genes: LOCUS:_6511#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A6# LOCUS:_6507#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A3# LOCUS:_6506#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A2# LOCUS:_6505#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A1# LOCUS:_6512#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A7# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a3.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (high affinity aspartate/glutamate transporter), member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a6.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (glutamate transporter), member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a7.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6511.1) or (6505.1) or (6507.1) or (6506.1) or (6512.1)
reactant: 555394
name: L-aspartate transport via Na, H symport and K antiport
reversible: false
product: 555418
product: 555406

555443
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747657

555430
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746949

555382
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746947

555358
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745110

745110
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Aspartate_C4H6NO4

555370
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627

555394
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747659

555418
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

555406
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745108

746422
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: D-Glucose_C6H12O6

747309
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Linoelaidyl carnitine_C25H45NO4

750240
type: Reaction
product: 525633
product: 525621
reactant: 525609
reactant: 525597
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI4PP Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + pail4p_hs --> pail_hs + pi Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Holub BJ#TITLE:Metabolism and function of myo-inositol and inositol phospholipids#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:2425833# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 4-phosphatase

525633
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

525621
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747965

525609
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747953

747953
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H15O12P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

525597
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

744688
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Type IIIA glycolipid_C78H135N4O45FULLRCO

745426
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S

747943
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H15O12P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

751687
type: Reaction
product: 560190
product: 560178
reactant: 560166
reactant: 560153
notes: Abbreviation: R_OMPDC Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : h + orot5p --> co2 + ump Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_7372#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMPS#ECNUMBERS:2.4.2.10,,4.1.1.23# proteins: NAME:uridine monophosphate synthetase (orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine-5'-decarboxylase) #ABBREVIATION:Umps.1# citations: AUTHORS:Patterson D, Jones C, Morse H, Rumsby P, Miller Y, Davis R. #TITLE:Structural gene coding for multifunctional protein carrying orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and OMP decarboxylase activity is located on long arm of human chromosome 3.#JOURNAL:Somatic Cell Genet#YEAR:1983#PUBMED:6574608# AUTHORS:McClard RW, Black MJ, Livingstone LR, Jones ME.#TITLE:Isolation and initial characterization of the single polypeptide that synthesizes uridine 5'-monophosphate from orotate in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Purification by tandem affinity chromatography of uridine-5'-monophosphate synthase.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1980#PUBMED:6893554# AUTHORS:Suttle DP, Bugg BY, Winkler JK, Kanalas JJ.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence for the complete coding region of human UMP synthase. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3279416# AUTHORS:Suchi M, Mizuno H, Kawai Y, Tsuboi T, Sumi S, Okajima K, Hodgson ME, Ogawa H, Wada Y. #TITLE:Molecular cloning of the human UMP synthase gene and characterization of point mutations in two hereditary orotic aciduria families.#JOURNAL:Am J Hum Genet.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9042911# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7372.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase

560190
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901

560178
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404

560166
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747901

747901
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Orotidine 5'-phosphate_C10H10N2O11P

560153
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

756340
type: Reaction
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Adenosine deaminase, extracellular
product: 670916
reactant: 670880
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADAe Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.4.4 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [e] : adn + h + h2o --> ins + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 adenosine deaminase has been found on cell surface in human (Gonzales-Gronow et al, JBC, 2004,279,20993-20998). IT genes: LOCUS:_100#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADA#ECNUMBERS:3.5.4.4# proteins: NAME:adenosine deaminase #ABBREVIATION:Ada.1# citations: AUTHORS:Gonzalez-Gronow M, Hershfield MS, Arredondo-Vega FX, Pizzo SV.#TITLE:Cell surface adenosine deaminase binds and stimulates plasminogen activation on 1-LN human prostate cancer cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15016824# AUTHORS:Iwaki-Egawa S, Watanabe Y.#TITLE:Characterization and purification of adenosine deaminase 1 from human and chicken liver.#JOURNAL:Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12381379# GENE ASSOCIATION: (100.1)
product: 670928
reactant: 670892
reactant: 670904

670916
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746923

746923
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Inosine_C10H12N4O5

670880
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744810

670928
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747723

747723
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Ammonium_H4N

670892
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627

670904
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609

755055
type: Reaction
product: 640771
product: 640759
reactant: 640747
reactant: 640735
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt23m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dgdp[m] + dtdp[c] --> dgdp[c] + dtdp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dTDP transport via dGTP antiport

640771
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746038

640759
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745806

640747
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746036

640735
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745808

756876
type: Reaction
name: C180 fatty acid activation
fast: false
product: 683347
reactant: 683311
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL180i Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + ocdca --> amp + ppi + stcoa Confidence Level: 4 TV catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetases genes: LOCUS:_51703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL5# LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# LOCUS:_22305#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL6#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# LOCUS:_22305#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACSL6#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5#ABBREVIATION:Acsl5.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.2# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6#ABBREVIATION:Acsl6.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6 #ABBREVIATION:Acsl6.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (22305.2) or (2181.2) or (51703.1) or (2181.1) or (2180.1) or (22305.1)
reversible: false
product: 683371
reactant: 683335
product: 683359
reactant: 683323

683347
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

683311
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

683371
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748531

683335
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747843

683359
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

683323
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

754985
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 638985
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLGPP_Uer Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.1.4.48 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolglcp_U + h2o --> (0.1) dolp_U + glc-D + h Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Helenius J, Aebi M.#TITLE:Transmembrane movement of dolichol linked carbohydrates during N-glycoprotein biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum#JOURNAL:Semin Cell Dev Biol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12137737# GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: Dolichyl-beta-D-glucosyl-phosphate dolichylphosphohydrolase (uterus)
product: 638997
product: 639009
reactant: 638973
fast: false
reactant: 638961

638985
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746008

638997
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746422

639009
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

638973
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619

638961
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745984

745984
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate, human uterine homolog_C1085H1780O90P10

749736
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Ornithine_C5H13N2O2

746060
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dTTP_C10H13N2O14P3

746955
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactononic acid 9-phosphate_C9H14O12P

749147
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _2-Hydroxybutyrate_C4H7O3

748123
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Propionate (n-C3:0)_C3H5O2

754605
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_ATPH2e Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.6.1.5 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [e] : adp + h2o --> amp + h + pi Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_953#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ENTPD1# LOCUS:_956#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ENTPD3# LOCUS:_955#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ENTPD6# LOCUS:_954#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ENTPD2# LOCUS:_954#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ENTPD2# LOCUS:_957#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ENTPD5# proteins: NAME:ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Entpd1.1# NAME:ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6#ABBREVIATION:Entpd6.1# NAME:ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 #ABBREVIATION:Entpd3.1# NAME:ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Entpd2.1# NAME:ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Entpd2.2# NAME:ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 #ABBREVIATION:Entpd5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kaczmarek E, Koziak K, Sevigny J, Siegel JB, Anrather J, Beaudoin AR, Bach FH, Robson SC.#TITLE:Identification and characterization of CD39/vascular ATP diphosphohydrolase.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8955160# AUTHORS:Chadwick BP, Frischauf AM.#TITLE:The CD39-like gene family: identification of three new human members (CD39L2, CD39L3, and CD39L4), their murine homologues, and a member of the gene family from Drosophila melanogaster. #JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9676430# GENE ASSOCIATION: (954.2) or (954.1) or (953.1) or (956.1) or (955.1) or (957.1)
reversible: false
reactant: 629929
product: 629954
reactant: 629917
fast: false
product: 629941
product: 629966
name: ATP diphosphohydrolase

629929
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609

629954
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627

629917
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744820

744820
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: ADP_C10H12N5O10P2

629941
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744978

744978
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: AMP_C10H12N5O7P

629966
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748093

756784
type: Reaction
product: 681224
product: 681212
reactant: 681200
reactant: 681187
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALASE18ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksii_core2_deg8 --> gal + ksii_core2_deg9 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-galactosidase, lysosomal

681224
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747135

747135
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate II (core 2-linked), degradation product 9_C30H50N3O20X

681212
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746340

681200
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747133

747133
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate II (core 2-linked), degradation product 8_C36H60N3O25X

681187
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

748403
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: de-Fuc form of PA6_C84H135N6O61X

748969
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Valine_C5H11NO2

756016
type: Reaction
product: 663403
product: 663391
reactant: 663379
reactant: 663367
notes: Abbreviation: R_MM5bg Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 3.2.1.113 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : h2o + m5masnB1 --> m4masn + man Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4121#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A1# LOCUS:_10905#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A2# LOCUS:_57134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1C1# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 1, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a1.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 2, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a2.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1, Golgi apparatus (all tested except lung, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:Man1c1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel human Golgi alpha 1, 2-mannosidase (IC) involved in N-glycan biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10915796# AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Campbell Dyke N, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and tissue-specific expression of a novel human alpha1,2-mannosidase gene involved in N-glycan maturation.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9592125# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4121.1) or (57134.1) or (10905.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, Golgi apparatus

663403
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747495

663391
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747401

747401
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)4-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine (protein)_C46H77N2O35X

663379
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747411

663367
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611

754893
type: Reaction
reactant: 636798
reversible: false
product: 636847
fast: false
product: 636834
name: GTP cyclohydrolase I, nuclear
product: 636822
reactant: 636810
notes: Abbreviation: R_GTPCIn Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.4.16 SUBSYSTEM: Tetrahydrobiopterin Equation: [n] : gtp + h2o --> ahdt + for + h Confidence Level: 4 The reaction involves hydrolysis of two C-N bonds and isomerization of the pentose unit; the recyclization may be non-enzymic genes: LOCUS:_2643#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GCH1#ECNUMBERS:3.5.4.16# proteins: NAME:GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (dopa-responsive dystonia) #ABBREVIATION:Gch1.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Thony B, Auerbach G, Blau N.#TITLE:Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, regeneration and functions.#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10727395# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2643.1)

636798
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746577

636847
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746633

636834
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746241

746241
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Formate_CH1O2

636822
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744890

744890
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-(erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)dihydropteridine triphosphate_C9H12N5O13P3

636810
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746617

749025
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al_C27H46O3

751067
type: Reaction
product: 545118
product: 545106
reactant: 545094
reactant: 545082
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR43 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: fadh2[m] + vacccoa[c] --> (1.125) R4coa_hs[c] + fad[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R group artificial flux

545118
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214

545106
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.125
species: 744532

545094
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748957

545082
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218

755347
type: Reaction
product: 647647
product: 647635
reactant: 647623
reactant: 647611
notes: Abbreviation: R_INSt4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ins[e] + na1[e] --> ins[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_9153#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC28A2# LOCUS:_64078#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC28A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 2, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc28a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 3, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc28a3.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Gray JH, Owen RP, Giacomini KM.#TITLE:The concentrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC28. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12856181# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9153.1) or (64078.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: inosine transport in via sodium symport

647647
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

647635
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746921

746921
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Inosine_C10H12N4O5

647623
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659

647611
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746923

756256
type: Reaction
product: 668879
reactant: 668855
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC2242046m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : adrncoa + coa + fad + h2o + nad --> accoa + arachdcoa + fadh2 + h + nadh Confidence Level: 4 _1 round beta ox peroxisomal (very long chain FA) c22:4,n-6 -> c20:4, n-6 - final '6' in abbreviation indicates omega6 FA 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (34.1) or (35.1)
product: 668915
reactant: 668819
product: 668867
reactant: 668807
reversible: false
product: 668891
product: 668903
reactant: 668843
reactant: 668831
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid

668879
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745074

668855
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

668915
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

668819
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

668867
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652

668807
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744852

744852
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: adrenyl coenzyme A_C43H66N7O17P3S

668891
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218

668903
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

668843
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

668831
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214

756978
type: Reaction
product: 686032
product: 686020
reactant: 686008
reactant: 685996
notes: Abbreviation: R_LCYSTCBOXL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.15 SUBSYSTEM: Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism Equation: [c] : Lcyst + h --> co2 + taur Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_2572#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GAD2#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# LOCUS:_2571#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GAD1#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# LOCUS:_51380#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CSAD# LOCUS:_2571#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GAD1#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# proteins: NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad1.1# NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad1.2# NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad2.1# NAME:cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Csad.1# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51380.1) or (2571.1) or (2572.1) or (2571.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3-Sulfoalanine carboxy-lyase

686032
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748589

686020
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404

686008
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

685996
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744494

744494
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Cysteate_C3H6NO5S

756206
type: Reaction
product: 667551
reactant: 667538
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_pro_DASH_D_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : pro-D <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Proline exchange

667551
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749768

749768
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Proline_C5H9NO2

667538
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748199

754365
type: Reaction
product: 624301
product: 624288
reactant: 624276
reactant: 624264
notes: Abbreviation: R_EHGLAT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.6.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [c] : akg + e4hglu --> 4h2oglt + glu-L Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2805#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GOT1#ECNUMBERS:2.6.1.1# proteins: NAME:aspartate aminotransferase #ABBREVIATION:Got1.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (2805.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

624301
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

624288
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744252

744252
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate_C5H4O6

624276
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746090

746090
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate_C5H8NO5

624264
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912

753737
type: Reaction
reversible: true
product: 608795
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_RADH3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + nad + retinal-cis-13 <==> 13-cis-retn + (2) h + nadh Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Blaner WS.#TITLE:Cellular metabolism and actions of 13-cis-retinoic acid. #JOURNAL:J Am Acad Dermatol. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11606944# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 608771
reactant: 608759
product: 608819
reactant: 608783
product: 608807
name: retinal dehydrogenase

608795
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743926

743926
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _13-cis-retinoate_C20H27O2

608771
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

608759
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

608819
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

608783
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748339

748339
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cis-13-retinal_C20H28O

608807
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

751729
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 561339
reactant: 561327
name: Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2
product: 561352
product: 561364
reactant: 561315
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST6GALNAC22 Synonyms: _5 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : acngalgbside_hs + cmpacna --> acn23acngalgbside_hs + cmp + h Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10610#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT7B#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.7# proteins: NAME:ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:St6galnac2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10610.1)
fast: false

561339
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744754

744754
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: sialyl (2,3) sialyl (2,6) galactosylgloboside (homo sapiens)_C72H121N4O43FULLRCO

561327
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396

561352
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386

561364
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

561315
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744786

751223
type: Reaction
product: 548929
reactant: 548917
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_paf_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : paf_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _1-alkyl 2-acteylglycerol 3-phosphocholine (homo sapiens) exchange

548929
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749740

548917
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747927

751213
type: Reaction
reactant: 548722
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GNT12g Synonyms: _10 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + uacgam --> acglc13galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Isshiki S, Kudo T, Nishihara S, Ikehara Y, Togayachi A, Furuya A, Shitara K, Kubota T, Watanabe M, Kitajima M, Narimatsu H.#TITLE:Lewis type 1 antigen synthase (beta3Gal-T5) is transcriptionally regulated by homeoproteins.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12855703# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10678.1) or (10678.2)
product: 548735
product: 548747
name: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1
reactant: 548710
fast: false
product: 548759

548722
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

548735
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744720

548747
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

548710
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746344

746344
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: i-antigen_C58H102N3O32FULLRCO

548759
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

745206
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Benzoate_C7H5O2

754521
type: Reaction
product: 628154
reactant: 628142
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ahandrostanglc_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ahandrostanglc <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Etiocholan-3alpha-ol-17-one 3-glucuronide exchange

628154
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749267

749267
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Etiocholan-3alpha-ol-17-one 3-glucuronide_C25H38O8

628142
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744876

752689
type: Reaction
product: 583960
product: 583948
reactant: 583936
reactant: 583924
notes: Abbreviation: R_MMCDp Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 4.1.1.41 SUBSYSTEM: Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Metabolism Equation: [x] : h + mmcoa-S --> co2 + ppcoa Confidence Level: 1 JLR peroxisomal isoform - NCD genes: LOCUS:_23417#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MLYCD#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.9# proteins: NAME:malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, peroxisomal#ABBREVIATION:Mlycd.1-p# citations: AUTHORS:Kerner J, Hoppel CL.#TITLE:Radiochemical malonyl-CoA decarboxylase assay: activity and subcellular distribution in heart and skeletal muscle.#JOURNAL:Anal Biochem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12123667# AUTHORS:Wightman PJ, Santer R, Ribes A, Dougherty F, McGill N, Thorburn DR, FitzPatrick DR#TITLE:MLYCD mutation analysis: evidence for protein mistargeting as a cause of MLYCD deficiency#JOURNAL:Hum Mutat#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12955715# GENE ASSOCIATION: (23417.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, peroxisomal

583960
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748135

583948
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745416

745416
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: CO2_CO2

583936
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747609

583924
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637

747003
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 30_C90H147N6O75S3

756358
type: Reaction
product: 671252
reactant: 671240
notes: Abbreviation: R_WHHDCAte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: whhdca[e] <==> whhdca[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, related cyp P450 metabolism reactions NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport

671252
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748989

748989
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: omega hydroxy hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O3

671240
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748991

748991
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: omega hydroxy hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O3

752841
type: Reaction
product: 587725
reactant: 587713
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2Oter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: h2o[c] <==> h2o[r] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: H2O endoplasmic reticulum transport

587725
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619

587713
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

746735
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Homoserine_C4H9NO3

750401
type: Reaction
product: 529794
reactant: 529782
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACGALtlg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: acgal[g] <==> acgal[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism - may be vesicular NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: N-acetyl-galactosamine intracellular transport

529794
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744680

744680
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine_C8H15NO6

529782
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744682

744682
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine_C8H15NO6

756564
type: Reaction
product: 676157
reactant: 676145
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALGLUSIDEtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: galgluside_hs[c] <==> galgluside_hs[l] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - however must get to other intracellular compartments (e.g. lysosome for degradation) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: galgluside_hs intracellular transport

676157
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746367

676145
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746365

746365
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: galactosyl glucosyl ceramide_C30H56NO12FULLRCO

744556
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: R total 3 Coenzyme A_CO2FULLR3C21H31N7O15P3S

749095
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: D-Xylose_C5H10O5

748071
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phenylpyruvate_C9H7O3

745208
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Benzoate_C7H5O2

746787
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 22_C37H56NO35S

756514
type: Reaction
product: 674968
product: 674956
reactant: 674944
reactant: 674932
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUMSO4tm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: fum[c] + so4[m] <==> fum[m] + so4[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_1468#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A10# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25 (dicarboxylate transporter) member 10, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a10.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# AUTHORS:Crompton M, Palmieri F, Capano M, Quagliariello E.#TITLE:The transport of sulphate and sulphite in rat liver mitochondria. #YEAR:1974#PUBMED:4441366# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1468.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Fumarate:sulfate antiport, mitochondrial

674968
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748479

748479
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Sulfate_O4S

674956
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746308

746308
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Fumarate_C4H2O4

674944
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748485

748485
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Sulfate_O4S

674932
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746307

754673
type: Reaction
product: 631455
product: 631443
reactant: 631431
reactant: 631419
notes: Abbreviation: R_O16G1e Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.2.1.10 SUBSYSTEM: Starch and Sucrose Metabolism Equation: [e] : glygn4 + h2o --> glc-D + glygn5 Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SI#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.48,3.2.1.10# proteins: NAME:sucrase-isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase), extracellular (sm intestine)#ABBREVIATION:Si.1-e# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (6476.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: oligo-1,6-glucosidase (glygn4 -> glygn5), extracellular

631455
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746475

746475
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: glycogen, structure 5 (glycogenin-2[1,4-Glc])_C12H21O11X

631443
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746419

631431
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609

631419
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746474

746474
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: glycogen, structure 4 (glycogenin-1,6-{2[1,4-Glc], [1,4-Glc]})_C18H31O16X

750126
type: Reaction
product: 523023
product: 523011
reactant: 522999
reactant: 522987
notes: Abbreviation: R_UGT1A8r Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : estriol + udpglcur --> estriolglc + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_7363#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT2B4#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.17# LOCUS:_54575#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT1A10# LOCUS:_54490#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT2B28# LOCUS:_54576#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT1A8# proteins: NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A10#ABBREVIATION:Ugt1a10.1# NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A8#ABBREVIATION:Ugt1a8.1# NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B28#ABBREVIATION:Ugt2b28.1# NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B4#ABBREVIATION:Ugt2b4.1# citations: AUTHORS:Basu NK, Kubota S, Meselhy MR, Ciotti M, Chowdhury B, Hartori M, Owens IS.#TITLE:Free Full Text Gastrointestinally distributed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10, which metabolizes estrogens and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, depends upon phosphorylation.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15117964# AUTHORS:Mackenzie PI, Owens IS, Burchell B, Bock KW, Bairoch A, Belanger A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Green M, Hum DW, Iyanagi T, Lancet D, Louisot P, Magdalou J, Chowdhury JR, Ritter JK, Schachter H, Tephly TR, Tipton KF, Nebert DW.#TITLE:The UDP glycosyltransferase gene superfamily: recommended nomenclature update based on evolutionary divergence.#JOURNAL:Pharmacogenetics#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9295054# AUTHORS:Levesque E, Turgeon D, Carrier JS, Montminy V, Beaulieu M, Belanger A.#TITLE:Isolation and characterization of the UGT2B28 cDNA encoding a novel human steroid conjugating UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11300766# AUTHORS:Jin CJ, Miners JO, Lillywhite KJ, Mackenzie PI.#TITLE:cDNA cloning and expression of two new members of the human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B subfamily.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8333863# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7363.1) or (54575.1) or (54490.1) or (54576.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 precursor, microsomal

523023
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748869

523011
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746168

746168
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _16-Glucuronide-estriol_C24H32O9

522999
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748893

522987
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746162

746162
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: estriol_C18H24O3

747811
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Superoxide anion_O2

746975
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 19_C146H236N10O124S6

754015
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 615569
product: 615630
product: 615618
reactant: 615606
reactant: 615593
reversible: false
reactant: 615581
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR54 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: (3) fadh2[m] + (2) h[m] + (2) nadph[m] + tetpent6coa[c] --> (1.5) R5coa_hs[c] + (3) fad[m] + (2) nadp[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 615642
name: R group artificial flux

615569
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746218

615630
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746214

615618
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.5
species: 744534

615606
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748651

748651
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: tetracosapentaenoyl coenzyme A, n-6_C45H68N7O17P3S

615593
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747703

615581
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746631

615642
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747693

748143
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Diphosphate_HO7P2

754075
type: Reaction
product: 617066
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 617078
notes: Abbreviation: R_4HBZFm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ubiquinone Biosynthesis Equation: [m] : 4hbzcoa + h2o --> 4hbz + coa + h Confidence Level: 2 IT reaction involved in formation of 4-hydroxybenzoate from tyrosine. genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Meganathan R.#TITLE:Ubiquinone biosynthesis in microorganisms.#JOURNAL:FEMS Microbiol Lett. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11583838# AUTHORS:Loscher R, Heide L.#TITLE:Biosynthesis of p-Hydroxybenzoate from p-Coumarate and p-Coumaroyl-Coenzyme A in Cell-Free Extracts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Cell Cultures. #JOURNAL:Plant Physiol.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:12232327# AUTHORS:Booth, A. N., Masri, M. S., Robbins, D. J., Emerson, O. H., Jones, F. T. & DeEds, F.#TITLE:Urinary Phenolic Acid Metabolites of Tyrosine#JOURNAL:J. Biol. Chem#YEAR:1960# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 617042
reactant: 617054
name: _4-hydroxybenzoate formation
product: 617090

617066
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744256

617078
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

617042
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744258

744258
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _4-hydroxybenoyl-CoA_C28H36N7O18P3S

617054
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

617090
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

752313
type: Reaction
name: acetyl-CoA hydrolase
product: 575028
product: 575040
reactant: 575004
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACOAHi Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.2.1 SUBSYSTEM: Pyruvate Metabolism Equation: [c] : accoa + h2o --> ac + coa + h Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_134526#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CACH-1# proteins: NAME:cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase#ABBREVIATION:Cach-1.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (134526.1)
product: 575016
reactant: 574992
fast: false
reversible: false

575028
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

575040
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

575004
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

575016
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744622

574992
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744648

755127
type: Reaction
product: 642554
reactant: 642542
notes: Abbreviation: R_MEOHtly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: meoh[c] <==> meoh[l] Confidence Level: 1 diffusion NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Methanol transporter, lysosome

642554
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747515

747515
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Methanol_CH4O1

642542
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747511

747511
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Methanol_CH4O1

749045
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: cholesterol ester (from FULLR2)_C27H45FULLR2CO2

746737
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Homovanillate_C9H9O4

750993
type: Reaction
product: 543436
fast: false
product: 543448
notes: Abbreviation: R_PPA2m Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.6.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Others Equation: [m] : h2o + pppi --> h + pi + ppi Confidence Level: 1 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: inorganic triphosphatase, mitochondrial
reactant: 543424
reactant: 543412
product: 543460
reversible: false

543436
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

543448
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099

543424
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748163

748163
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Inorganic triphosphate_HO10P3

543412
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

543460
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748139

755693
type: Reaction
product: 655673
product: 655661
reactant: 655649
reactant: 655637
notes: Abbreviation: R_SOAT12r Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Cholesterol Metabolism Equation: [r] : R2coa_hs + chsterol --> coa + xolest_hs Confidence Level: 4 SOAT11 and SOAT12 are templates, customized rxns can be formed particular ester moieties. NJ genes: LOCUS:_6646#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SOAT1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.26# proteins: NAME:sterol O-acetyltransferase (acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase) 1#ABBREVIATION:Soat1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Guo ZY, Chang CC, Lu X, Chen J, Li BL, Chang TY.#TITLE:The disulfide linkage and the free sulfhydryl accessibility of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 as studied by using mPEG5000-maleimide.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15850387# AUTHORS:Chang CC, Huh HY, Cadigan KM, Chang TY.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and functional expression of human acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase cDNA in mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8407899# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6646.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: sterol O-acyltransferase (acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase) 1

655673
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749051

749051
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: cholesterol ester_C27H45XCO2

655661
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745432

655649
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745338

655637
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744528

744528
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: R group 2 Coenzyme A homo sapiens_XCO2C21H31N7O15P3S

750835
type: Reaction
product: 539717
product: 539705
reactant: 539693
reactant: 539681
notes: Abbreviation: R_H4ET3er Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [r] : m3gacpail_hs + pe_hs --> dag_hs + em3gacpail_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5281#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGF# LOCUS:_84720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGO# LOCUS:_84720#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIGO# LOCUS:_5281#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIGF# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class F, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigf.1-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class F, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigf.2-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class O, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigo.1-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class O, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigo.2-r# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Hong Y, Maeda Y, Watanabe R, Inoue N, Ohishi K, Kinoshita T#TITLE:Requirement of PIG-F and PIG-O for transferring phosphoethanolamine to the third mannose in glycosylphosphatidylinositol#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10781593# AUTHORS:Inoue N, Kinoshita T, Orii T, Takeda J#TITLE:Cloning of a human gene, PIG-F, a component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis, by a novel expression cloning strategy#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8463218# GENE ASSOCIATION: (84720.2) and (5281.1) or (84720.1) and (5281.2) or (5281.1) and (84720.1) or (84720.2) and (5281.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: H4 phosphoethanolaminyl transferase, endoplasmic reticulum

539717
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746142

746142
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: phosphoethanolaminyl-trimannosyl-glucosaminyl-acylphosphatidylinositol (H6')_C51H94N2O32P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

539705
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745696

539693
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748019

748019
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: phosphatidylethanolamine (homo sapiens)_C5H12NO4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

539681
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747395

744558
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R total 3 carnitine_CO2FULLR3C7H14NO2

749097
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Xylonate_C5H9O6

748073
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Phenylpyruvate_C9H7O3

755317
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_AGLPED Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : ak2gpe_hs + h + nadph + o2 --> dak2gpe_hs + (2) h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 0 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Brites P, Waterham HR, Wander RJA#TITLE:Functions and biosynthesis of plasmalogens in health and disease#JOURNAL:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Nagan N, Zoeller RA#TITLE:Plasmalogens: biosynthesis and functions#JOURNAL:Progress in Lipid Research#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 646833
reversible: false
product: 646869
product: 646857
product: 646845
fast: false
reactant: 646809
name: alkyl acyl glycerophosphoethanolamine desaturase
reactant: 646796
reactant: 646821

646833
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

646869
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

646857
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

646845
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745698

745698
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkenyl 2-acylglycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine plasmalogen (homo sapiens)_C7H14O5NPFULLRFULLR2CO

646809
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

646796
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744902

646821
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

755643
type: Reaction
product: 654422
reactant: 654410
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASNtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: asn-L[c] --> asn-L[m] Confidence Level: 2 TDV genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-asparagine transport, mitochondrial

654422
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745100

745100
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Asparagine_C4H8N2O3

654410
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745096

752545
type: Reaction
reactant: 580836
product: 580861
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST3GAL61g Synonyms: _4 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cmpacna + gal14acglcgalgluside_hs --> acngal14acglcgalgluside_hs + cmp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10402#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT10# proteins: NAME:sialyltransferase 10 (alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase VI)#ABBREVIATION:Siat10.1# citations: AUTHORS:Okajima T, Fukumoto S, Miyazaki H, Ishida H, Kiso M, Furukawa K, Urano T, Furukawa K.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a novel alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal VI) that sialylates type II lactosamine structures on glycoproteins and glycolipids.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10206952# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10402.1)
name: Type 2 lactosamine alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase
product: 580885
product: 580873
reversible: false
reactant: 580848
fast: false

580836
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396

580861
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744776

744776
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854

580885
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

580873
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386

580848
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746336

746336
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854

746120
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: eicosatetranoic acid_C20H31O2

756242
type: Reaction
product: 668505
notes: Abbreviation: R_MEPIVESSte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) atp[c] + (2) h2o[c] + (3) mepi[c] --> (2) adp[c] + (2) h[c] + (3) mepi[e] + (2) pi[c] Confidence Level: 2 metanephrine vesicular, ATP dependent transport - no strict evidence for this mode, added by analogy to adrnl vesicular transport reaction (both catechols that must be secreted out of the cell). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
product: 668481
reactant: 668445
reversible: false
product: 668469
name: metanephrine secretion via secretory vesicle (ATP driven)
reactant: 668433
reactant: 668457
product: 668493

668505
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 748091

668481
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

668445
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

668469
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744818

668433
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745114

668457
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747519

747519
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Metanephrine_C10H16NO3

668493
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747521

747521
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Metanephrine_C10H16NO3

753391
type: Reaction
product: 600319
product: 600307
reactant: 600295
reactant: 600283
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEX5ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.52 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cs_c_deg4 + h2o --> acgal + cs_c_deg5 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexB-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1) or (3074.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, lysosomal

600319
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745552

745552
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA), degradation product 5_C23H36O24S

600307
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744684

600295
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

600283
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745550

745550
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA), degradation product 4_C31H49NO29S

752785
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4502C92 Synonyms: _5 SUBSYSTEM: Limonene and pinene degradation Equation: [c] : h + limnen + nadph + o2 --> carveol + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 assumed to take place on outer membrane NJ genes: LOCUS:_1557#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2C19#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# LOCUS:_1559#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2C9#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2c19.1# NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2c9.1# citations: AUTHORS:Rendic S.#TITLE:Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data.#JOURNAL:Drug Metab Rev#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11996015# AUTHORS:Miyazawa M, Shindo M, Shimada T.#TITLE:Metabolism of (+)- and (-)-limonenes to respective carveols and perillyl alcohols by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes.#JOURNAL:Drug Metab Dispos#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11950794# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1559.1) or (1557.1)
product: 586411
fast: false
product: 586435
product: 586423
reactant: 586363
reactant: 586387
reactant: 586375
name: cytochrome P450 2C9
reactant: 586399
reversible: false

586411
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745244

586435
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

586423
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

586363
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

586387
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

586375
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747289

586399
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

753381
type: Reaction
product: 600138
reactant: 600126
notes: Abbreviation: R_6HTSTSTERONEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _6htststerone[c] <==> 6htststerone[e] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, inactivated testosterone needs to be exported NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: hydroxylated testosterone transport

600138
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744428

744428
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _6 beta hydroxy testosterone_C19H28O3

600126
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744426

744426
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _6 beta hydroxy testosterone_C19H28O3

751591
type: Reaction
product: 557777
product: 557765
reactant: 557752
reactant: 557740
notes: Abbreviation: R_UGT1A3r Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : andrstrn + udpglcur --> andrstrnglc + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_7367#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT2B17# LOCUS:_7364#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT2B7#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.17# LOCUS:_54575#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT1A10# LOCUS:_54490#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT2B28# LOCUS:_54576#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT1A8# proteins: NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A10#ABBREVIATION:Ugt1a10.1# NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A8#ABBREVIATION:Ugt1a8.1# NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B28#ABBREVIATION:Ugt2b28.1# NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B7#ABBREVIATION:Ugt2b7.1# NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B17#ABBREVIATION:Ugt2b17.1# citations: AUTHORS:Basu NK, Kubota S, Meselhy MR, Ciotti M, Chowdhury B, Hartori M, Owens IS.#TITLE:Free Full Text Gastrointestinally distributed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10, which metabolizes estrogens and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, depends upon phosphorylation.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15117964# AUTHORS:Mackenzie PI, Owens IS, Burchell B, Bock KW, Bairoch A, Belanger A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Green M, Hum DW, Iyanagi T, Lancet D, Louisot P, Magdalou J, Chowdhury JR, Ritter JK, Schachter H, Tephly TR, Tipton KF, Nebert DW.#TITLE:The UDP glycosyltransferase gene superfamily: recommended nomenclature update based on evolutionary divergence.#JOURNAL:Pharmacogenetics#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9295054# AUTHORS:Levesque E, Turgeon D, Carrier JS, Montminy V, Beaulieu M, Belanger A.#TITLE:Isolation and characterization of the UGT2B28 cDNA encoding a novel human steroid conjugating UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11300766# AUTHORS:Belanger A, Pelletier G, Labrie F, Barbier O, Chouinard S.#TITLE:Inactivation of androgens by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in humans.#JOURNAL:Trends Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:200…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 precursor, microsomal

557777
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748869

557765
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745006

745006
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: androsterone glucuronide_C25H38O8

557752
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748893

557740
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745000

745000
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Androsterone_C19H30O2

752149
type: Reaction
product: 571056
reactant: 571044
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_4nph_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 4nph <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _4-Nitrophenol exchange

571056
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749171

749171
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4-Nitrophenol_C6H5NO3

571044
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744296

744296
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4-Nitrophenol_C6H5NO3

752621
type: Reaction
product: 582515
reactant: 582503
notes: Abbreviation: R_NAt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: na1[e] <==> na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_6528#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC5A5# LOCUS:_6523#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC5A1# LOCUS:_6526#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC5A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc5a1.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 5 (inositol transporters), member 3, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc5a3.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 5 (sodium iodide symporter), member 5, extacellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc5a5.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Hirayama BA, Loo DD, Wright EM.#TITLE:Protons drive sugar transport through the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1)#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8063771# AUTHORS:Hediger MA, Turk E, Wright EM#TITLE:Homology of the human intestinal Na+/glucose and Escherichia coli Na+/proline cotransporters#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2490366# AUTHORS:Quick M, Loo DD, Wright EM#TITLE:Neutralization of a conserved amino acid residue in the human Na+/glucose transporter (hSGLT1) generates a glucose-gated H+ channel#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11024018# AUTHORS:Wright EM, Hirayama BA, Loo DDF, Turk E, Hager K#TITLE:Intestinal sugar transport#YEAR:1994# AUTHORS:Leung DW, Loo DD, Hirayama BA, Zeuthen T, Wright EM#TITLE:Urea transport by cotransporters#JOURNAL:J Physiol#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11034615# AUTHORS:Wright EM, Turk E#TITLE:The sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12748858# AUTHORS:Kwon HM, Yamauchi A, Uchida S, Preston AS, Garcia-Perez A, Burg MB, Handler JS#TITLE:Cloning of the cDNa for a Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter, a hypertonicity stress protein#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1372904# AUTHORS:Berry GT, Mallee JJ, Kwon HM, Rim JS, Mulla WR, Muenke M, Spinner NB#TITLE:The human osmoregulatory Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter gene (SLC5A3): molecular cloning and localization to chromosome 21#JOURNAL:Gen…
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sodium transport (uniport)

582515
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

582503
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659

752177
type: Reaction
product: 571793
reactant: 571780
notes: Abbreviation: R_INSt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ins[e] <==> ins[c] Confidence Level: 4 AR genes: LOCUS:_2030#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A1# LOCUS:_3177#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Ward JL, Sherali A, Mo ZP, Tse CM.#TITLE:Kinetic and pharmacological properties of cloned human equilibrative nucleoside transporters, ENT1 and ENT2, stably expressed in nucleoside transporter-deficient PK15 cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10722669# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3177.1) or (2030.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Inosine transport (diffusion)

571793
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746921

571780
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746923

751649
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACSm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Equation: [m] : ac + atp + coa --> accoa + amp + ppi Confidence Level: 2 IF genes: LOCUS:_84532#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAS2L# proteins: NAME:acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (AMP-forming)-like, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acas2l.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Fujino T, Kondo J, Ishikawa M, Morikawa K, Yamamoto TT#TITLE:Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2, a mitochondrial matrix enzyme involved in the oxidation of acetate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11150295# AUTHORS:Scholte HR, Wit-Peeters EM, Bakker JC.#TITLE:The intracellular and intramitochondrial distribution of short-chain acyl-CoA synthetases in guinea-pig heart. #JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1971#PUBMED:4326157# GENE ASSOCIATION: (84532.1)
product: 559323
reactant: 559287
reactant: 559299
reversible: false
product: 559335
name: acetyl-CoA synthetase
product: 559347
reactant: 559311
fast: false

559323
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652

559287
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744628

559299
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118

559335
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744984

559347
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748139

559311
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

745126
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Tocopherol_C29H50O2

744576
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R total carnitine_CO2FULLRC7H14NO2

750567
type: Reaction
product: 533676
product: 533663
reactant: 533651
reactant: 533639
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSPASEly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hspg --> Ser-Gly/Ala-X-Gly + hs Confidence Level: 2 Note that this reaction occurs in the endosome during endocytosis, but has been compartmentalized as lysosomal. NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Burbach BJ, Friedl A, Mundhenke C, Rapraeger AC#TITLE:Syndecan-1 accumulates in lysosomes of poorly differentiated breast carcinoma cells#JOURNAL:Martix Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12782143# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan protease, lysosome (endosome)

533676
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746811

746811
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, free chain_C79H114N5O102S12

533663
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744580

533651
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746847

746847
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan_C79H113N5O101S12X

533639
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

749419
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Dehydroascorbate_C6H6O6

753297
type: Reaction
product: 598376
reactant: 598364
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ksii_core2_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ksii_core2 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: keratan sulfate II (core 2-linked) exchange

598376
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749637

598364
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747137

747137
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: keratan sulfate II (core 2-linked)_C81H129N6O67S3X

753247
type: Reaction
product: 597133
product: 597121
reactant: 597109
reactant: 597097
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGH_DASH_10FTHF7GLUl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [l] : 10fthf7glu + h2o --> 10fthf6glu + glu-L Confidence Level: 4 REMOVES EITHER ONE OR TWO GLUTAMYL RESIDUES WITH A REACTION (WILL ONLY REPRESENT 1) IT genes: LOCUS:_8836#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GGH#ECNUMBERS:3.4.19.9# proteins: NAME:gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase) #ABBREVIATION:Ggh.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# AUTHORS:Rhee MS, Lindau-Shepard B, Chave KJ, Galivan J, Ryan TJ.#TITLE:Characterization of human cellular gamma-glutamyl hydrolase.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9614206# AUTHORS:Chandler CJ, Wang TT, Halsted CH.#TITLE:Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from human jejunal brush borders. Purification and characterization. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1986#PUBMED:2867095# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8836.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (10FTHF7GLU), lysosomal

597133
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746437

597121
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743876

743876
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: _10-formyltetrahydrofolate-[Glu](6)_C45H51N12O22

597109
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

597097
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743884

743884
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: _10-formyltetrahydrofolate-[Glu](7)_C50H57N13O25

746603
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Hydrogen peroxide_H2O2

744454
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _7-Dehydrocholesterol_C27H44O

754359
type: Reaction
product: 624203
reactant: 624191
notes: Abbreviation: R_SGALSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: sgalside_hs[c] <==> sgalside_hs[g] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - however must get to other intracellular compartments (e.g. lysosome for degradation) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sgalside_hs intracellular transport

624203
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748465

624191
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748463

748463
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: sulfatide galactocerebroside (homo sapiens)_C24H45NO10SFULLRCO

755423
type: Reaction
product: 649391
product: 649379
reactant: 649367
reactant: 649355
notes: Abbreviation: R_NAGLCAly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : core6 + h2o --> Tn_antigen + acgam Confidence Level: 1 EC 3.2.1.- This reaction is my best guess at how the GlcNAc-beta-1,6-GalNAc linkage is cleaved. NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: N-acetylglucosaminidase, lysosomal

649391
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712

649379
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744600

744600
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Tn antigen_C8H14NO5X

649367
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

649355
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745448

745448
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Core 6_C16H27N2O10X

746655
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hydroxy coumarin_C9H6O3

747549
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: mannosyl-glucosaminyl-acylphosphatidylinositiol (H2)_C37H68NO19PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

746843
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan_C79H113N5O101S12X

756022
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL245_1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + tetpent6 <==> amp + ppi + tetpent6coa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2180.1)
fast: false
reactant: 663488
reversible: true
product: 663500
product: 663512
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
reactant: 663476
product: 663524
reactant: 663464

663488
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748647

748647
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: tetracosapentaenoic acid, n-6_C24H37O2

663500
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

663512
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

663476
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

663524
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748651

663464
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

749627
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Inosine_C10H12N4O5

755866
type: Reaction
product: 659976
reactant: 659964
notes: Abbreviation: R_AACTtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: aact[m] --> aact[c] Confidence Level: 1 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Aminoacetone transport (mitochondrial)

659976
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744612

744612
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Aminoacetone_C3H8NO

659964
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744614

744614
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Aminoacetone_C3H8NO

752749
type: Reaction
product: 585578
product: 585566
reactant: 585554
reactant: 585542
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSAPASEly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cspg_a + h2o --> Ser-Gly/Ala-X-Gly + cs_a Confidence Level: 1 Note that this reaction occurs in the endosome during endocytosis, but has been compartmentalized as lysosomal. NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: chondroitin sulfate A proteoglycan protease, lysosome (endosome)

585578
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745528

745528
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate A (GalNAc4S-GlcA), free chain_C45H67N2O46S3

585566
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744580

585554
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

585542
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745618

745618
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate A (GalNAc4S-GlcA) proteoglycan_C45H66N2O45S3X

748701
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: _5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate_C19H21N7O6

756050
type: Reaction
product: 664139
reactant: 664127
notes: Abbreviation: R_TTDCRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: ttdcrn[c] --> ttdcrn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: transport into the mitochondria (carnitine)

664139
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748833

748833
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: tetradecanoyl carnitine_C21H41NO4

664127
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748831

748831
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: tetradecanoyl carnitine_C21H41NO4

752039
type: Reaction
product: 568504
reactant: 568492
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_6thf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 6thf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: hexaglutamyl folate (THF) exchange

568504
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749199

749199
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hexaglutamyl folate (THF)_C44H51N12O21

568492
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744446

744446
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hexaglutamyl folate (THF)_C44H51N12O21

748753
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine_C9H20N2O2

748941
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Uridine_C9H12N2O6

753953
type: Reaction
product: 614255
reactant: 614243
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_gp1calpha_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : gp1calpha_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: GP1c alpha (homo sapiens) exchange

614255
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749559

749559
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GP1c alpha (homo sapiens)_C99H159N7O62FULLRCO

614243
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746503

746503
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GP1c alpha (homo sapiens)_C99H159N7O62FULLRCO

752905
type: Reaction
product: 589177
product: 589165
reactant: 589152
reactant: 589140
notes: Abbreviation: R_ATP2ter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: amp[r] + atp[c] <==> amp[c] + atp[r] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: AMP/ATP transporter, endoplasmic reticulum

589177
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745122

745122
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3

589165
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

589152
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

589140
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744986

744986
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: AMP_C10H12N5O7P

756168
type: Reaction
product: 666741
reactant: 666729
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ascb_DASH_L_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ascb-L <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-Ascorbate exchange

666741
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749305

749305
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Ascorbate_C6H8O6

666729
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745094

753523
type: Reaction
product: 603401
reactant: 603389
notes: Abbreviation: R_PGM Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.4.2.1 SUBSYSTEM: Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Equation: [c] : 2pg <==> 3pg Confidence Level: 0 SMP genes: LOCUS:_669#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:BPGM#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.4# LOCUS:_5224#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PGAM2#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.1# LOCUS:_5223#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PGAM1#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.1# LOCUS:_5224#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PGAM2#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.1# LOCUS:_669#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:BPGM#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.4# proteins: NAME:brain phosphoglycerate mutase 1#ABBREVIATION:Pgam1.1# NAME:muscle phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Pgam2.1# NAME:muscle phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Pgam2.2# NAME:_2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase#ABBREVIATION:Bpgm.1# NAME:_2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase#ABBREVIATION:Bpgm.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (669.1) or (5223.1) or (5224.2) or (5224.1) or (669.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: phosphoglycerate mutase

603401
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744204

603389
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744068

744068
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Glycerate 2-phosphate_C3H4O7P

749629
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: potassium_K

754667
type: Reaction
name: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
reversible: false
reactant: 631275
product: 631311
reactant: 631263
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_AG13T3g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksii_core2_pre7 + uacgam --> h + ksii_core2_pre8 + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_11041#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT6# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_284208#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNTL1# LOCUS:_93010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT7# LOCUS:_79369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT4# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1#ABBREVIATION:B3gntl1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt4.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K#TITLE:Identification and characterization of three novel beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the beta 1,3-galactosy…
product: 631299
product: 631287

631275
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

631311
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

631263
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747157

747157
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate II biosynthesis, precursor 7_C67H108N5O51SX

631299
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747159

747159
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate II biosynthesis, precursor 8_C75H121N6O56SX

631287
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

753441
type: Reaction
product: 601801
reactant: 601789
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_sucr_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : sucr <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Sucrose exchange

601801
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749848

749848
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Sucrose_C12H22O11

601789
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748571

748571
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Sucrose_C12H22O11

753861
type: Reaction
product: 611820
reactant: 611808
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_tagat_DASH_D_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : tagat-D <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Tagatose exchange

611820
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749852

749852
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Tagatose_C6H12O6

611808
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748587

748587
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Tagatose_C6H12O6

752813
type: Reaction
product: 587083
product: 587071
reactant: 587059
reactant: 587047
notes: Abbreviation: R_UNK3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [c] : 2kmb + glu-L --> akg + met-L Confidence Level: 2 genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Myers RW, Abeles RH#TITLE:Conversion of 5-S-ethyl-5-thio-D-ribose to ethionine in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Basis for the selective toxicity of 5-S-ethyl-5-thio-D-ribose#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2543672# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate transamination

587083
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747537

587071
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912

587059
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

587047
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744044

754009
type: Reaction
name: guanine deaminase
reactant: 615485
reactant: 615461
product: 615509
reversible: false
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_GUAD Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.4.3 SUBSYSTEM: Purine Catabolism Equation: [c] : gua + h + h2o --> nh4 + xan Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_9615#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GDA#ECNUMBERS:3.5.4.3# proteins: NAME:guanine deaminase #ABBREVIATION:Gda.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yuan G, Bin JC, McKay DJ, Snyder FF.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of human guanine deaminase. Purification and partial amino acid sequence of the mouse protein.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10075721# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9615.1)
reactant: 615473
product: 615497

615485
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

615461
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746579

615509
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749003

749003
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Xanthine_C5H4N4O2

615473
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

615497
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721

749121
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _10-formyltetrahydrofolate-[Glu](7)_C50H57N13O25

753619
type: Reaction
reactant: 605794
product: 605878
reactant: 605830
reactant: 605806
product: 605842
product: 605866
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_CBPS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.5.5 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : (2) atp + gln-L + h2o + hco3 --> (2) adp + cbp + glu-L + (2) h + pi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_790#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CAD1#ECNUMBERS:6.3.5.5,2.1.3.2,3.5.2.3# proteins: NAME:CAD protein (3.5.2.3, 2.1.3.2, 6.3.5.5)#ABBREVIATION:Cad1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Iwahana H, Fujimura M, Ii S, Kondo M, Moritani M, Takahashi Y, Yamaoka T, Yoshimoto K, Itakura M.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a human cDNA encoding a trifunctional enzyme of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase-aspartate transcarbamoylase-dihydroorotase in de Novo pyrimidine synthesis. #JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8619816# AUTHORS:Chen KC, Vannais DB, Jones C, Patterson D, Davidson JN.#TITLE:Mapping of the gene encoding the multifunctional protein carrying out the first three steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis to human chromosome 2. #JOURNAL: Hum Genet.#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2565865# GENE ASSOCIATION: (790.1)
reactant: 605818
product: 605890
product: 605854
fast: false
name: carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)

605794
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745114

605878
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

605830
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746647

605806
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429

605842
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744818

605866
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

605818
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

605890
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

605854
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745256

745256
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Carbamoyl phosphate_CH2NO5P

753431
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC1811601m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : (5) coa + (4) fad + (5) h2o + (5) nad + od2coa --> (5) accoa + (4) fadh2 + (5) h + (5) nadh + occoa Confidence Level: 4 _5 rounds of beta ox, 1 loss of degree of unsat -> 4 fad oxidized c18:1 -> c8:0 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (35.1) or (34.1)
product: 601510
fast: false
product: 601486
reactant: 601437
reactant: 601449
reactant: 601425
product: 601522
name: Beta oxidation fatty acid
reversible: false
reactant: 601462
reactant: 601412
product: 601498
product: 601474

601510
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747683

601486
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746218

601437
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746615

601449
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747673

601425
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746214

601522
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747837

601462
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747863

747863
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858

601412
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 745428

601498
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746631

601474
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 744652

755297
type: Reaction
product: 646336
reactant: 646323
notes: Abbreviation: R_LEUtec Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: leu-L[e] <==> leu-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_124935#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A2# LOCUS:_8501#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bodoy S, Martin L, Zorzano A, Palacin M, Estevez R, Bertran J#TITLE:Identification of LAT4, a novel amino acid transporter with system L activity#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15659399# AUTHORS:Babu E, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Kim do K, Iribe Y, Tangtrongsup S, Jutabha P, Li Y, Ahmed N, Sakamoto S, Anzai N, Nagamori S, Endou H#TITLE:Identification of a novel system L amino acid transporter structurally distinct from heterodimeric amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12930836# AUTHORS:Hediger MA, Romero MF, Peng JB, Rolfs A, Takanaga H, Bruford EA#TITLE:The ABCs of solute carriers: physiological, pathological and therapeutic implications of human membrane transport proteinsIntroduction#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14624363# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8501.1) or (124935.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-leucine transport via diffusion (extracellular to cytosol)

646336
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747239

646323
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747241

754249
type: Reaction
product: 621181
reactant: 621169
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_retpalm Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : retpalm [deleted 10/09/2005 06:18:49 PM] <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Retinyl palminate exchange

621181
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749806

749806
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Retinyl palminate_C36H60O2

621169
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748375

748375
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Retinyl palminate_C36H60O2

748227
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Prostaglandin E2_C20H31O5

753027
type: Reaction
product: 592050
product: 592075
reversible: false
name: dolichyl-phosphate-glucose-glycolipid alpha-glucosyltransferase (liver)
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLPGT3_Ler Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolglcp_L + (0.1) g2m8mpdol_L --> (0.1) dolp_L + (0.1) g3m8mpdol_L + h Confidence Level: 0 EC 2.4.1.- NCD genes: LOCUS:_84920#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALG10# proteins: NAME:alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Alg10.1-er# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (84920.1)
fast: false
reactant: 592025
reactant: 592037
product: 592063

592050
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746004

592075
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

592025
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745980

592037
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746322

592063
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746326

746326
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-Glucosyl)3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)8-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1960H3228N20O770P20

757369
type: Reaction
product: 695487
product: 695475
reactant: 695463
reactant: 695451
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GNT36g Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : acgal + gbside_hs --> acgbgbside_hs + h2o Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Zhou D, Dinter A, Gutierrez Gallego R, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF, Berger EG, Hennet T. #TITLE:A beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase with poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity is structurally related to beta-1,3-galactosyltransferases. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10331.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus

695487
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611

695475
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744716

695463
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746379

695451
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744682

751363
type: Reaction
reactant: 552074
fast: false
reactant: 552123
reactant: 552110
product: 552135
product: 552171
product: 552159
product: 552147
reactant: 552098
product: 552183
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC2252053m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : coa + dcsptn1coa + h2o + nad + o2 --> accoa + h + h2o2 + nadh + tmndnccoa Confidence Level: 4 _1 round beta ox - c22:5,n-3 -> c20:5, n-3 - final '3' in abbreviation indicates omega3 FA 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (35.1) or (34.1)
reversible: false
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
reactant: 552086

552074
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

552123
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799

552110
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

552135
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652

552171
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

552159
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746601

552147
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

552098
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

552183
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748761

552086
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745738

749986
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_SADT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.7.4 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : atp + h + so4 --> aps + ppi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_9061#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PAPSS1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.25,2.7.7.4# LOCUS:_9060#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PAPSS2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.4,&,2.7.1# proteins: NAME:_3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Papss2.1# NAME:_3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Papss1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Venkatachalam KV.#TITLE:Human 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) synthase: biochemistry, molecular biology and genetic deficiency.#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12716056# AUTHORS:Fuda H, Shimizu C, Lee YC, Akita H, Strott CA.#TITLE:Characterization and expression of human bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate synthase isoforms. #JOURNAL:Biochem J.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11931637# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9060.1) or (9061.1)
product: 519600
reactant: 519574
product: 519587
reactant: 519548
fast: false
reversible: false
name: sulfate adenylyltransferase
reactant: 519561

519600
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

519574
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748479

519587
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745042

745042
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate_C10H12N5O10PS

519548
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

519561
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

747569
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _1D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate_C6H8O18P4

749369
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: coumarin_C9H6O2

752779
type: Reaction
product: 586267
product: 586255
reactant: 586243
reactant: 586231
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR45 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: fadh2[m] + nrvnccoa[c] --> (1.5) R4coa_hs[c] + fad[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R group artificial flux

586267
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214

586255
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.5
species: 744532

586243
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747781

586231
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218

751557
type: Reaction
product: 556941
reactant: 556929
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_for_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : for <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Formate exchange

556941
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749475

749475
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Formate_CH1O2

556929
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746239

754493
type: Reaction
reactant: 627408
product: 627432
reactant: 627420
fast: false
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLYK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.30 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + glyc --> adp + glyc3p + h Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_2710#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.30# LOCUS:_2712#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GK2# LOCUS:_2713#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GKP3# LOCUS:_2710#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.30# proteins: NAME:glycerol kinase#ABBREVIATION:Gk.1# NAME:glycerol kinase#ABBREVIATION:Gk.2# NAME:glycerol kinase 2#ABBREVIATION:Gk2.1# NAME:glycerol kinase 3 (pseudogene)#ABBREVIATION:Gkp3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Guo W, Worley K, Adams V, Mason J, Sylvester-Jackson D, Zhang Y, Towbin JA, Fogt DD, Madu S, Wheeler DA, McCabe ERB#TITLE:Genomic scanning for expressed sequences in Xp21 identifies the glycerol kinase gene#JOURNAL:Nature Genetics#YEAR:1993# AUTHORS:Sargent CA, Young C, Marsh S, Ferguson-Smith MA, Affara NA.#TITLE:The glycerol kinase gene family: structure of the Xp gene, and related intronless retroposons.#JOURNAL:Hum Mol Genet#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7987308# AUTHORS:Hurley JH, Faber HR, Worthylake D, Meadow ND, Roseman S, Pettigrew DW, Remington SJ#TITLE:Structure of the regulatory complex of Escherichia coli IIIGlc with glycerol kinase#JOURNAL:Science#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8430315# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2710.2) or (2712.1) or (2710.1) or (2713.1)
product: 627444
name: glycerol kinase
product: 627456

627408
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

627432
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

627420
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746464

746464
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Glycerol_C3H8O3

627444
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746459

627456
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

750339
type: Reaction
product: 528024
notes: Abbreviation: R_DHEASULT Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.8.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [c] : dhea + paps --> dheas + h + pap Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6783#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT1E1# LOCUS:_6822#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT2A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.2# proteins: NAME:sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone#ABBREVIATION:Sult2a1.1# NAME:sulfotransferase family 1E, estrogen#ABBREVIATION:Sult1e1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Otterness DM, Wieben ED, Wood TC, Watson WG, Madden BJ, McCormick DJ, Weinshilboum RM.#TITLE:Human liver dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase: molecular cloning and expression of cDNA.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1588921# AUTHORS:Glatt H, Boeing H, Engelke CE, Ma L, Kuhlow A, Pabel U, Pomplun D, Teubner W, Meinl W.#TITLE:Human cytosolic sulphotransferases: genetics, characteristics, toxicological aspects.#JOURNAL:Mutat Res#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11535246# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6783.1) or (6822.1)
reactant: 527987
name: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase
reversible: false
reactant: 527999
product: 528011
product: 528036
fast: false

528024
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

527987
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745862

745862
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dehydroepiandrosterone_C19H28O2

527999
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747979

528011
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745866

528036
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747975

750937
type: Reaction
product: 542154
reactant: 542142
notes: Abbreviation: R_NRPPHRSFt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: nrpphrsf[c] --> nrpphrsf[e] Confidence Level: 1 SAB genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: norepinephrine sulfate transport (diffusion)

542154
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747775

542142
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747773

751465
type: Reaction
reactant: 554691
product: 554739
reactant: 554703
reversible: false
product: 554727
fast: false
reactant: 554667
product: 554715
reactant: 554679
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR202 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: (2) fadh2[m] + h[m] + lnlncacoa[c] + nadph[m] --> (1.125) R2coa_hs[c] + (2) fad[m] + nadp[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: R group artificial flux (C18:3, n-3)

554691
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747329

554739
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693

554703
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703

554727
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746214

554667
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746218

554715
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.125
species: 744526

554679
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

751797
type: Reaction
product: 562765
product: 562753
reactant: 562741
reactant: 562729
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOGULND1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism Equation: [c] : 23doguln + h2o --> co2 + lyxnt Confidence Level: 2 EC-4.1.1.- NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Banhegyi G, Braun L, Csala M, Puskas F, Mandl J#TITLE:Ascorbate metabolism and its regulation in animals#JOURNAL:Free Radic Biol Med#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9296457# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate decarboxylase (L-lyxonate-forming)

562765
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747375

747375
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-lyxonate_C5H9O6

562753
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404

562741
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

562729
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743982

749525
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GD1beta (homo sapiens)_C66H111N4O38FULLRCO

756654
type: Reaction
product: 678338
product: 678325
reactant: 678313
reactant: 678301
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt19m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: atp[m] + dudp[c] --> atp[c] + dudp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dUDP transport via ATP antiport

678338
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746064

678325
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

678313
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746062

746062
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dUDP_C9H11N2O11P2

678301
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118

744224
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14,24-trienol_C29H46O

749577
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Guanine_C5H5N5O

751671
type: Reaction
product: 559876
reactant: 559863
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_retn_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : retn <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Retinoate exchange

559876
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749802

749802
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Retinoate_C20H27O2

559863
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748361

748361
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Retinoate_C20H27O2

754763
type: Reaction
product: 633653
product: 633689
reactant: 633580
product: 633640
reactant: 633592
reversible: false
product: 633665
fast: false
reactant: 633616
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
reactant: 633628
product: 633677
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC240200x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome Equation: [x] : (2) coa + (2) h2o + lgnccoa + (2) nad + (2) o2 --> (2) accoa + arachcoa + (2) h + (2) h2o2 + (2) nadh Confidence Level: 4 peroxisomal (very long chain FA) - in peroxisome, no fad, 1ste set of beta-ox is by acyl-coa oxidase (passes electrons directly to o2 -> h2o2) c24:0 -> c20:0 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# LOCUS:_1962#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EHHADH#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17.1.1.1.# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal beta-oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.2-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.2-x# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (51.1 and 3295.1 and 30.1) or (30.1 and 51.2 and 1962.1) or (51.1 and 30.1 and 1962.1) or (3295.1 and 30.1 and 51.2)
reactant: 633604

633653
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745060

745060
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: arachidyl coenzyme A_C41H70N7O17P3S

633689
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747687

633580
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745434

633640
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744658

633592
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746621

633665
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746637

633616
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747679

633628
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747805

633677
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746605

633604
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747279

756898
type: Reaction
reversible: false
fast: false
reactant: 683928
notes: Abbreviation: R_SBTR Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Fructose and Mannose Metabolism Equation: [c] : glc-D + h + nadph --> nadp + sbt-D Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10327#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AKR1A1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.2# LOCUS:_231#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AKR1B1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.21# LOCUS:_8574#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AKR7A2# LOCUS:_10327#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AKR1A1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.2# proteins: NAME:aldo-keto reductase family 1, member a1#ABBREVIATION:Akr1a1.1# NAME:aldo-keto reductase family 1, member a1#ABBREVIATION:Akr1a1.2# NAME:aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase)#ABBREVIATION:Akr1b1.1# NAME:aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (aflatoxin aldehyde reductase)#ABBREVIATION:Akr7a2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier D.R.#TITLE:Biochemistry, 3rd edition#YEAR:2005# AUTHORS:Kelly VP, Sherratt PJ, Crouch DH, Hayes JD#TITLE:Novel homodimeric and heterodimeric rat gamma-hydroxybutyrate synthases that associate with the Golgi apparatus define a distinct subclass of aldo-keto reductase 7 family proteins.#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12071861# AUTHORS:Praml C, Savelyeva L, Perri P, Schwab M.#TITLE:Cloning of the human aflatoxin B1-aldehyde reductase gene at 1p35-1p36.1 in a region frequently altered in human tumor cells.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9823300# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8574.1) or (231.1) or (10327.2) or (10327.1)
reactant: 683940
name: D-sorbitol reductase
reactant: 683916
product: 683952
product: 683964

683928
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

683940
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

683916
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746418

746418
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Glucose_C6H12O6

683952
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

683964
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748425

748425
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Sorbitol_C6H14O6

756848
type: Reaction
product: 682709
reactant: 682697
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPHINGStl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: sphings[c] <==> sphings[l] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism, however sphingosine manages to get in different compartments of cells. NOT presumed to be flip-flop. NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sphingosine intracellular transport

682709
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748505

682697
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748503

748503
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Sphingosine_C18H38NO2

749758
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Phylloquinone_C31H46O2

757425
type: Reaction
product: 696701
fast: false
product: 696727
product: 696688
reactant: 696662
product: 696714
reversible: true
reactant: 696649
reactant: 696675
notes: Abbreviation: R_MCCCrm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.4.1.4 SUBSYSTEM: Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Metabolism Equation: [m] : 3mb2coa + atp + hco3 <==> 3mgcoa + adp + h + pi Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_56922#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MCCC1#ECNUMBERS:6.4.1.4# LOCUS:_64087#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MCCC2#ECNUMBERS:6.4.1.4# proteins: NAME:methylcrotonoyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:McccAB-m# citations: AUTHORS:Baumgartner MR, Almashanu S, Suormala T, Obie C, Cole RN, Packman S, Baumgartner ER, Valle D. #TITLE:The molecular basis of human 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11181649# AUTHORS:Holzinger A, Roschinger W, Lagler F, Mayerhofer PU, Lichtner P, Kattenfeld T, Thuy LP, Nyhan WL, Koch HG, Muntau AC, Roscher AA.#TITLE:Cloning of the human MCCA and MCCB genes and mutations therein reveal the molecular cause of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA: carboxylase deficiency. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11406611# GENE ASSOCIATION: (56922.1 and 64087.1)
name: methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase, mitochondrial

696701
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822

696727
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099

696688
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744168

744168
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA_C27H37N7O19P3S

696662
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118

696714
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

696649
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744166

744166
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-Methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA_C26H38N7O17P3S

696675
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746651

746651
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Bicarbonate_CHO3

750647
type: Reaction
name: Ap4A hydrolase, asymmetrically
product: 535441
reactant: 535404
fast: false
product: 535453
reactant: 535416
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_AP4AH1 Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 3.6.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : ap4a + h2o --> amp + atp + (2) h Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_318#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NUDT2#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.17# LOCUS:_318#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NUDT2#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.17# LOCUS:_318#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:NUDT2#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.17# proteins: NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 2 #ABBREVIATION:NudT2.1# NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 2#ABBREVIATION:NudT2.2# NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 2#ABBREVIATION:NudT2.3# citations: AUTHORS:McLennan AG, Flannery AV, Morten JE, Ridanpaa M.#TITLE:Chromosomal localization of the human diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (Ap4A hydrolase) gene (APAH1) to 9p13.#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9479504# AUTHORS:Hankin S, Matthew N, Thorne H, McLennan AG.#TITLE:Diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate hydrolase is present in human erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. #JOURNAL:Int J Biochem Cell Biol. #YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7767787# GENE ASSOCIATION: (318.1) or (318.3) or (318.2)
product: 535429

535441
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

535404
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745014

535453
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

535416
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

535429
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

757311
type: Reaction
product: 694076
product: 694064
reactant: 694052
reactant: 694040
notes: Abbreviation: R_THMP Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Thiamine Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + thmmp --> pi + thm Confidence Level: 1 EC 3.1.3.- NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bettendorff L, Mastrogiacomo F, Kish SJ, Grisar T.#TITLE:Thiamine, thiamine phosphates, and their metabolizing enzymes in human brain. #JOURNAL:J Neurochem. #YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8522961# AUTHORS:Zhao R, Gao F, Goldman ID. #TITLE:Reduced folate carrier transports thiamine monophosphate: an alternative route for thiamine delivery into mammalian cells.#JOURNAL: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11997266# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: thiamin phosphatase

694076
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748705

748705
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Thiamin_C12H17N4OS

694064
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

694052
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748711

748711
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Thiamin monophosphate_C12H16N4O4PS

694040
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

745086
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Arginine_C6H15N4O2

746353
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (Gal)4 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)2 (LFuc)1 (Cer)1_C70H122N3O41FULLRCO

757301
type: Reaction
product: 693872
product: 693860
reactant: 693848
notes: Abbreviation: R_DPGM Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Equation: [c] : 13dpg <==> 23dpg + h Confidence Level: 0 genes: LOCUS:_669#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:BPGM#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.4# LOCUS:_5224#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PGAM2#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.1# LOCUS:_5223#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PGAM1#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.1# LOCUS:_5224#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PGAM2#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.1# LOCUS:_669#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:BPGM#ECNUMBERS:5.4.2.4# proteins: NAME:brain phosphoglycerate mutase 1#ABBREVIATION:Pgam1.1# NAME:muscle phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Pgam2.1# NAME:muscle phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Pgam2.2# NAME:_2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase#ABBREVIATION:Bpgm.1# NAME:_2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase#ABBREVIATION:Bpgm.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (669.1) or (5223.1) or (5224.2) or (5224.1) or (669.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Diphosphoglyceromutase

693872
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

693860
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743984

743984
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2,3-Disphospho-D-glycerate_C3H3O10P2

693848
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743940

743940
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate_C3H4O10P2

744080
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol_C8H10O4

751051
type: Reaction
product: 544789
product: 544776
reactant: 544764
reactant: 544752
notes: Abbreviation: R_GUR1PP Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Pentose and Glucuronate Interconversions Equation: [c] : glcur1p + h2o --> glcur + pi Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Salway, JG#TITLE:Metabolism at a Glance, 2nd ed#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Glucuronate 1-phosphate phosphatase

544789
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

544776
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746426

746426
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Glucuronate_C6H9O7

544764
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

544752
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746425

755379
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_MI1345PKn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [n] : atp + mi1345p --> adp + h + mi13456p Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_253430#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:IPMK# proteins: NAME:inositol polyphosphate multikinase, nucleus#ABBREVIATION:Ipmk.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF, Moor RM, Pollock WK, Smith PM, Wreggett KA#TITLE:Inositol phosphates: proliferation, metabolism and function#JOURNAL:Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:2906139# AUTHORS:Chang SC, Miller AL, Feng Y, Wente SR, Majerus PW. #TITLE:The human homolog of the rat inositol phosphate multikinase is an inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12223481# AUTHORS:Nalaskowski MM, Deschermeier C, Fanick W, Mayr GW#TITLE:The human homologue of yeast ArgRIII protein is an inositol phosphate multikinase with predominantly nuclear localization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12027805# GENE ASSOCIATION: (253430.1)
product: 648355
fast: false
product: 648367
reactant: 648331
name: inositol-1,3,4,5-triphosphate 6-kinase, nucleus
reactant: 648319
product: 648343
reversible: false

648355
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746633

648367
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747555

648331
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747559

747559
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate_C6H8O18P4

648319
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120

648343
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744824

751001
type: Reaction
product: 543557
reactant: 543545
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_strch2_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : strch2 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: starch, structure 2 (1,6-{2[1,4-Glc], [1,4-Glc]}) exchange

543557
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749842

749842
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: starch, structure 2 (1,6-{2[1,4-Glc], [1,4-Glc]})_C18H32O16

543545
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748543

748543
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: starch, structure 2 (1,6-{2[1,4-Glc], [1,4-Glc]})_C18H32O16

754473
type: Reaction
product: 626915
product: 626903
reactant: 626891
reactant: 626879
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACNAMlt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: acnam[c] + h[c] <==> acnam[l] + h[l] Confidence Level: 4 H symport into lysososome. See PMID: 2768261 and PMID: 10581036 ( for human evidence). Sialic acid storage disorders (due to transporter mutations) require import and export e.g. PMID: 2768266 NJ genes: LOCUS:_26503#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC17A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc17a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mancini GM, de Jonge HR, Galjaard H, Verheijen FW.#TITLE:Characterization of a proton-driven carrier for sialic acid in the lysosomal membrane. Evidence for a group-specific transport system for acidic monosaccharides.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2768261# AUTHORS:Verheijen FW, Verbeek E, Aula N, Beerens CE, Havelaar AC, Joosse M, Peltonen L, Aula P, Galjaard H, van der Spek PJ, Mancini GM.#TITLE:A new gene, encoding an anion transporter, is mutated in sialic acid storage diseases.#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10581036# GENE ASSOCIATION: (26503.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: N-acetylneuraminate transport into lysososme

626915
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

626903
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744770

744770
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: N-Acetylneuraminate_C11H18NO9

626891
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

626879
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744768

744768
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Acetylneuraminate_C11H18NO9

752559
type: Reaction
product: 581223
product: 581211
reactant: 581199
reactant: 581187
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSEPASEly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cspg_e + h2o --> Ser-Gly/Ala-X-Gly + cs_e Confidence Level: 1 Note that this reaction occurs in the endosome during endocytosis, but has been compartmentalized as lysosomal. NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan protease, lysosome (endosome)

581223
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745596

745596
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), free chain_C45H64N2O55S6

581211
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744580

581199
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

581187
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745642

745642
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA) proteoglycan_C45H63N2O54S6X

746927
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Inosine_C10H12N4O5

756962
type: Reaction
reactant: 685600
product: 685636
reactant: 685612
reversible: false
name: Pseudoecgonine CoA transferase (ER)
product: 685660
notes: Abbreviation: R_PECGONCOATr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Alkaloid biosynthesis II Equation: [r] : atp + coa + h + pecgon --> amp + pecgoncoa + ppi Confidence Level: 1 SAB EC 6.2.1.- name uncertain genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 685588
fast: false
reactant: 685624
product: 685648

685600
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745432

685636
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744986

685612
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

685660
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748143

685588
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745122

685624
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748023

748023
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: pseudoecgonine_C9H14NO3

685648
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748025

746593
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: carbonic acid_H2CO3

745606
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), precursor 5b_C45H64N2O51S5X

752439
type: Reaction
product: 578083
reversible: false
reactant: 578023
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal
product: 578047
product: 578059
reactant: 578035
product: 578071
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEXA18ly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + ksi_deg33 --> acgam + h + ksi_deg35 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 Note that this reaction is specific to beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A and cannot be catalyzed by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B (or presumably beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S). This is also a lumped reaction, representing the cleavage of GalNAc4S or GalNAc6S and N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase or 6-sulfatase. NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1)
fast: false

578083
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483

578023
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613

578047
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712

578059
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

578035
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747009

747009
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 33_C76H125N5O62S2

578071
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747013

756228
type: Reaction
reactant: 668084
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPR Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.153 SUBSYSTEM: Tetrahydrobiopterin Equation: [c] : 6pthp + (2) h + (2) nadph --> (2) nadp + thbpt Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_6697#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SPR#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.153# proteins: NAME:sepiapterin reductase (7,8-dihydrobiopterin:NADP+ oxidoreductase) #ABBREVIATION:Spr1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Thony B, Auerbach G, Blau N.#TITLE:Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, regeneration and functions.#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10727395# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6697.1)
product: 668120
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 668108
reactant: 668096
name: sepiapterin reductase
reactant: 668072

668084
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625

668120
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748677

748677
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Tetrahydrobiopterin_C9H15N5O3

668108
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747689

668096
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747701

668072
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744440

757070
type: Reaction
product: 688375
reactant: 688363
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_2425dhvitd2_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 2425dhvitd2 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _24R,25-Dihyoxyvitamin D2 exchange

688375
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749137

749137
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _24R,25-Dihyoxyvitamin D2_C28H44O3

688363
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743988

743988
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _24R,25-Dihyoxyvitamin D2_C28H44O3

750717
type: Reaction
fast: false
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_TRDR3 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.8.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Miscellaneous Equation: [c] : h + nadh + q10 --> nad + q10h2 Confidence Level: 4 Xia et al, 2003, JBC, 2141-2146 genes: LOCUS:_7296#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD1# LOCUS:_7296#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD1# LOCUS:_7296#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD1# LOCUS:_7296#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD1# proteins: NAME:thioredoxin reductase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Txnrd1.1# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 1#ABBREVIATION:Txnrd1.2# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 1#ABBREVIATION:Txnrd1.3# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 1#ABBREVIATION:Txnrd1.4# citations: AUTHORS:Tamura T, Stadtman TC.#TITLE:A new selenoprotein from human lung adenocarcinoma cells: purification, properties, and thioredoxin reductase activity. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. #YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8577704# AUTHORS:Koishi R, Kawashima I, Yoshimura C, Sugawara M, Serizawa N.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of a novel oxidoreductase KDRF from a human bone marrow-derived stromal cell line KM-102. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:8999974# AUTHORS:Xia L, Nordman T, Olsson JM, Damdimopoulos A, Bjorkhem-Bergman L, Nalvarte I, Eriksson LC, Arner ES, Spyrou G, Bjornstedt M.#TITLE:The mammalian cytosolic selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase reduces ubiquinone. A novel mechanism for defense against oxidative stress.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12435734# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7296.4) or (7296.1) or (7296.3) or (7296.2)
reactant: 536990
reactant: 537014
name: Thioredoxin (ubiquinone 10) reductase (NADH)
reactant: 537002
product: 537038
product: 537026

536990
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

537014
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748311

748311
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Ubiquinone-10_C59H90O4

537002
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

537038
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748315

748315
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Ubiquinol-10_C59H92O4

537026
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

751245
type: Reaction
product: 549365
reactant: 549353
notes: Abbreviation: R_AFLATOXINte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: aflatoxin[e] <==> aflatoxin[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, related cyp P450 metabolism reactions NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport

549365
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744866

744866
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: aflatoxin B1_C17H12O6

549353
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744868

752467
type: Reaction
product: 578843
reactant: 578831
notes: Abbreviation: R_DEBRISOQUINEt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: debrisoquine[e] <==> debrisoquine[c] Confidence Level: 4 electrogenic, Na indepdendent & rev NJ genes: LOCUS:_6582#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A2# LOCUS:_6582#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a2.2# citations: AUTHORS:Koepsell H, Endou H#TITLE:The SLC22 drug transporter family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12883891# AUTHORS:Koepsell H, Schmitt BM, Gorboulev V.#TITLE:Organic cation transporters.#JOURNAL:Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12827517# AUTHORS:Zhang L, Dresser MJ, Gray AT, Yost SC, Terashita S, Giacomini KM.#TITLE:Cloning and functional expression of a human liver organic cation transporter.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9187257# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6582.1) or (6582.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: debrisoquine uniport

578843
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745776

745776
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: debrisoquine_C10H14N3

578831
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745778

745778
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: debrisoquine_C10H14N3

755525
type: Reaction
product: 651662
product: 651650
reactant: 651638
reactant: 651625
notes: Abbreviation: R_ILEt4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ile-L[e] + na1[e] --> ile-L[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_11254#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A14# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a14.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW#TITLE:Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12719981# AUTHORS:Van Winkle LJ#TITLE:Amino acid transport regulation and early embryo development#JOURNAL:Biol Reprod#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11133652# GENE ASSOCIATION: (11254.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-isoleucine transport in via sodium symport

651662
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

651650
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746893

651638
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659

651625
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746895

755980
type: Reaction
product: 662623
product: 662611
reactant: 662599
reactant: 662587
notes: Abbreviation: R_SUCCt4_3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (3) na1[e] + succ[e] <==> (3) na1[c] + succ[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_64849#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC13A3# LOCUS:_64849#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC13A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc13a3.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc13a3.2-e# citations: AUTHORS:Wang H, Fei YJ, Kekuda R, Yang-Feng TL, Devoe LD, Leibach FH, Prasad PD, Ganapathy V#TITLE:Structure, function, and genomic organization of human Na(+)-dependent high-affinity dicarboxylate transporter#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Cell Physiol#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:0794676# AUTHORS:Pajor AM#TITLE:Sodium-coupled transporters for Krebs cycle intermediates#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Physiol#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10099705# GENE ASSOCIATION: (64849.1) or (64849.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: succinate transport via sodium symport

662623
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748559

662611
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747657

662599
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748561

748561
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Succinate_C4H4O4

662587
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747659

756434
type: Reaction
product: 673109
product: 673097
reactant: 673085
reactant: 673073
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACOAD1fm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.2 SUBSYSTEM: Butanoate Metabolism Equation: [m] : btcoa + fad --> b2coa + fadh2 Confidence Level: 4 Assume NAD/NADH as acceptors Lumped long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.13) This reaction is therefore equilivalent to trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD) (EC 1.3.1.44) genes: LOCUS:_84129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FLJ12592#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# LOCUS:_36#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADSB#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.-# LOCUS:_27034#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAD8# LOCUS:_80724#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAD10# LOCUS:_28976#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAD9# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short/branched chain#ABBREVIATION:Acadsb.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 8#ABBREVIATION:Acad8.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 9, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acad9.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 10, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acad10.1-m# NAME:putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Flj12592.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Naito E, Ozasa H, Ikeda Y, Tanaka K.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of complementary DNAs encoding human short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase and the study of the molecular basis of human short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency.#JOURNAL:J Clin Invest#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2565344# GENE ASSOCIATION: (84129.1) or (28976.1) or (27034.1) or (36.1) or (35.1) or (34.1) or (80724.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (butanoyl-CoA), mitochondrial

673109
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218

673097
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745134

673085
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214

673073
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745186

745186
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Butanoyl-CoA_C25H38N7O17P3S

756102
type: Reaction
product: 665332
reactant: 665320
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_4hdebrisoquine_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 4hdebrisoquine <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _4 hydroxy debrisoquine exchange

665332
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749165

749165
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4 hydroxy debrisoquine_C10H14N3O

665320
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744262

744262
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4 hydroxy debrisoquine_C10H14N3O

749443
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dTTP_C10H13N2O14P3

755765
type: Reaction
product: 657271
reactant: 657259
notes: Abbreviation: R_HAtly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: ha[e] --> ha[l] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: hyaluronan transport, extracellular to lysosome

657271
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746642

746642
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: hyaluronan_C28H40N2O22

657259
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746641

746641
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hyaluronan_C28H40N2O22

754543
type: Reaction
product: 628552
product: 628540
reactant: 628528
reactant: 628516
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCASE2e Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 3.2.1.51 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [e] : h2o + ksi --> fuc-L + ksi_deg1 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2519#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUCA2#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.51# proteins: NAME:alpha-fucosidase 2, extracellular (plasma)#ABBREVIATION:Fuca2.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Khunsook S, Bean BS, McGowan SR, Alhadeff JA#TITLE:Purification and characterization of plasma membrane-associated human sperm alpha-L-fucosidase#JOURNAL:Biol Reprod#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12604617# AUTHORS:Cordero OJ, Merino A, Paez de la Cadena M, Bugia B, Nogueira M, Vinuela JE, Martinez-Zorzano VS, de Carlos A, Rodriguez-Berrocal FJ#TITLE:Cell surface human alpha-L-fucosidase#JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11389735# AUTHORS:Alhadeff JA, Khunsook S, Choowongkomon K, Baney T, Heredia V, Tweedie A, Bean B#TITLE:Characterization of human semen alpha-L-fucosidases#JOURNAL:Mol Hum Reprod#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10460218# AUTHORS:Hopfer RL, Johnson SW, Masserini M, Giuliani A, Alhadeff JA#TITLE:Hydrolysis of fucosyl-GM1 ganglioside by purified pellet-associated human brain and human liver alpha-L-fucosidases without activator proteins or detergents#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2317201# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2519.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-fucosidase, extracellular

628552
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746977

746977
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 1_C241H383N17O209S12X

628540
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746263

628528
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747041

747041
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: keratan sulfate I_C247H393N17O213S12X

628516
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609

747437
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine, isoform B (protein)_C64H107N2O50X

750907
type: Reaction
product: 541528
product: 541516
reactant: 541504
notes: Abbreviation: R_UPP3S Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.75 SUBSYSTEM: Heme Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : hmbil --> h2o + uppg3 Confidence Level: 0 genes: LOCUS:_7390#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UROS#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.75# proteins: NAME:uroporphyrinogen-III synthase#ABBREVIATION:Uros.1# citations: AUTHORS:Tsai SF, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ.#TITLE:Human uroporphyrinogen III synthase: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a full-length cDNA.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3174619# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7390.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: uroporphyrinogen-III synthase

541528
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748915

748915
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Uroporphyrinogen III_C40H36N4O16

541516
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

541504
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746721

746721
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hydroxymethylbilane_C40H38N4O17

753915
type: Reaction
product: 613350
reactant: 613338
notes: Abbreviation: R_DM_sprm_LPAREN_c_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [c] : sprm --> Confidence Level: SAB potential "biomass" component--may associate with DNA genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: DM_sprm(c)

613350
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749836

749836
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Spermine_C10H30N4

613338
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748523

756342
type: Reaction
product: 670952
reactant: 670940
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_acgalfucgalacgalfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : acgalfucgalacgalfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Type IIIA glycolipid exchange

670952
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749233

670940
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744690

744690
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Type IIIA glycolipid_C78H135N4O45FULLRCO

754571
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_DASCBR Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.6.5.4 SUBSYSTEM: Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism Equation: [c] : dhdascb + h + nadph --> ascb-L + nadp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2745#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLRX# LOCUS:_51022#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLRX2# LOCUS:_51022#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GLRX2# proteins: NAME:Glutaredoxin1#ABBREVIATION:Grx1.1# NAME:Glutaredoxin2#ABBREVIATION:Grx2.1# NAME:Glutaredoxin2#ABBREVIATION:Grx2.2# citations: AUTHORS:Lundberg M, Johansson C, Chandra J, Enoksson M, Jacobsson G, Ljung J, Johansson M, Holmgren A.#TITLE:Cloning and expression of a novel human glutaredoxin (Grx2) with mitochondrial and nuclear isoforms#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11297543# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2745.1) or (51022.2) or (51022.1)
reactant: 629132
reversible: false
reactant: 629157
product: 629181
name: dehydroascorbate reductase
reactant: 629145
fast: false
product: 629169

629132
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745858

629157
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

629181
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

629145
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

629169
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745092

755029
type: Reaction
product: 640215
reactant: 640203
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETPENT3COAtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: tetpent3coa[c] <==> tetpent3coa[x] Confidence Level: 0 interaction between peroxisomes and ER (some enzymes on the outer membrane) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid intracellular transport

640215
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748641

748641
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: tetracosapentaenoyl coenzyme A, n-3_C45H68N7O17P3S

640203
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748637

751815
type: Reaction
product: 563125
reactant: 563113
notes: Abbreviation: R_BZtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: bz[c] <==> bz[r] Confidence Level: 1 diffusion NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Benzene transporter, endoplasmic reticulum

563125
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745210

745210
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Benzoate_C7H5O2

563113
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745206

746449
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Glyoxylate_C2H1O3

750158
type: Reaction
product: 523734
product: 523722
reactant: 523710
reactant: 523698
notes: Abbreviation: R_MTHFDm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.5.1.5 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [m] : mlthf + nadp <==> methf + nadph Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10797#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTHFD2#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.15,3.5.4.9# LOCUS:_25902#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTHFD1L# proteins: NAME:methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1-like, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Mthfd1l-m# NAME:methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Mthfd2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Prasannan P, Pike S, Peng K, Shane B, Appling DR#TITLE:Human mitochondrial C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase: gene structure, tissue distribution of the mRNA, and immunolocalization in Chinese hamster ovary calls#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12937168# AUTHORS:Yang XM, MacKenzie RE#TITLE:NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase is the mammalian homolog of the mitochondrial enzyme encoded by the yeast MIS1 gene#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8218174# GENE ASSOCIATION: (25902.1) or (10797.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP), mitochondrial

523734
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703

523722
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747543

747543
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate_C20H20N7O6

523710
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693

523698
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747599

749445
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Deoxyuridine_C9H12N2O5

755269
type: Reaction
product: 645865
reactant: 645853
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ile_DASH_L_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ile-L <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-Isoleucine exchange

645865
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749621

749621
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Isoleucine_C6H13NO2

645853
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746895

750148
type: Reaction
product: 523506
product: 523494
reactant: 523482
reactant: 523470
notes: Abbreviation: R_ORPT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.2.10 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : orot5p + ppi <==> orot + prpp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_7372#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMPS#ECNUMBERS:2.4.2.10,,4.1.1.23# proteins: NAME:uridine monophosphate synthetase (orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine-5'-decarboxylase) #ABBREVIATION:Umps.1# citations: AUTHORS:Patterson D, Jones C, Morse H, Rumsby P, Miller Y, Davis R. #TITLE:Structural gene coding for multifunctional protein carrying orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and OMP decarboxylase activity is located on long arm of human chromosome 3.#JOURNAL:Somatic Cell Genet#YEAR:1983#PUBMED:6574608# AUTHORS:McClard RW, Black MJ, Livingstone LR, Jones ME.#TITLE:Isolation and initial characterization of the single polypeptide that synthesizes uridine 5'-monophosphate from orotate in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Purification by tandem affinity chromatography of uridine-5'-monophosphate synthase.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1980#PUBMED:6893554# AUTHORS:Suttle DP, Bugg BY, Winkler JK, Kanalas JJ.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence for the complete coding region of human UMP synthase. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3279416# AUTHORS:Suchi M, Mizuno H, Kawai Y, Tsuboi T, Sumi S, Okajima K, Hodgson ME, Ogawa H, Wada Y. #TITLE:Molecular cloning of the human UMP synthase gene and characterization of point mutations in two hereditary orotic aciduria families.#JOURNAL:Am J Hum Genet.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9042911# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7372.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

523506
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748247

523494
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747903

747903
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Orotate_C5H3N2O4

523482
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

523470
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747901

756536
type: Reaction
product: 675409
product: 675397
reactant: 675385
reactant: 675373
notes: Abbreviation: R_SO4HCOtex Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) hco3[c] + so4[e] --> (2) hco3[e] + so4[c] Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_284129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A11# LOCUS:_10861#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A1# LOCUS:_1836#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A2# LOCUS:_115019#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A9# LOCUS:_10861#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A1# LOCUS:_115019#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A9# LOCUS:_10861#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A1# LOCUS:_1811#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A3# LOCUS:_115111#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A7# LOCUS:_115111#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A7# LOCUS:_116369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A8# LOCUS:_116369#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A8# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a1.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a1.3# NAME:solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a3.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a7.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a7.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 8#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a8.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 8#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a8.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 9#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a9.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 9#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a9.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 11#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a11.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mount DB, Romero MF#TITLE:The SLC26 gene family of multifunctional anion exchangers#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12759755# GENE ASSOCIATION: (115111.1) or (115019.2) or (1836.1) or (115111.2) or (116369.2) or (284129.1) or (10861.2) or (116369.1) or (10861.1) or (10861.3) or (115019.1) or (1811.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: sulfate transport via bicarbonate countertransport

675409
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748479

675397
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746649

675385
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748481

748481
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Sulfate_O4S

675373
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746647

750034
type: Reaction
product: 520788
fast: false
product: 520801
product: 520813
reactant: 520764
reversible: false
name: Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4
reactant: 520776
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GALT44g Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.4.1.62 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : gt2_hs + udpgal --> gt1c_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_8705#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT4# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 4#ABBREVIATION:B3galt4.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Amado M, Almeida R, Carneiro F, Levery ST, Holmes EH, Nomoto M, Hollingsworth MA, Hassan H, Schwientek T, Nielsen PA, Bennett EP, Clausen H#TITLE:A family of human beta3-galactosyltransferases#JOURNAL:The Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8705.1)

520788
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746551

520801
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

520813
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

520764
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746553

746553
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GT2 (homo sapiens)_C71H117N5O41FULLRCO

520776
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887

746997
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 28_C104H170N7O85S3

752383
type: Reaction
product: 576693
reactant: 576681
notes: Abbreviation: R_COt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: co[c] <==> co[e] Confidence Level: 2 TDV genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: CO transporter via diffusion

576693
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745420

745420
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Carbon monoxide_CO

576681
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745418

745418
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Carbon monoxide_CO

754097
type: Reaction
product: 617636
reactant: 617624
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: acac[c] <==> acac[x] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acetoacetate intracellular transport unknown mechanism

617636
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744636

744636
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Acetoacetate_C4H5O3

617624
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744630

757202
type: Reaction
reactant: 691422
fast: false
name: GlcN-acylPI mannosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum
product: 691471
product: 691459
notes: Abbreviation: R_GPIMTer_U Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolmanp_U + gacpail_hs --> (0.1) dolp_U + h + mgacpail_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_93183#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGM# LOCUS:_54965#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGX# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class M, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigm.1-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class X, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigx.1-r# citations: AUTHORS:Maeda Y, Watanabe R, Harris CL, Hong Y, Ohishi K, Kinoshita K, Kinoshita T#TITLE:PIG-M transfers the first mannose to glycosylphosphatidylinositol on the lumenal side of the ER#JOURNAL:EMBO J#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226175# AUTHORS:Ashida H, Hong Y, Murakami Y, Shishioh N, Sugimoto N, Kim YU, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T#TITLE:Mammalian PIG-X and yeast Pbn1p are the essential components of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I#JOURNAL:Mol Biol Cell#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15635094# GENE ASSOCIATION: (93183.1) and (54965.1)
reversible: false
product: 691446
reactant: 691434

691422
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746000

691471
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747549

691459
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

691446
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746008

691434
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746335

746335
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850

753261
type: Reaction
product: 597509
reactant: 597497
notes: Abbreviation: R_GP1CALPHAtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: gp1calpha_hs[c] <==> gp1calpha_hs[g] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - intracellular transport occurs, most details are unknown - see for example Varki glycobiology text or numerous reviews (PMID: 8206147) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Sandhoff K, Klein A.#TITLE:Intracellular trafficking of glycosphingolipids: role of sphingolipid activator proteins in the topology of endocytosis and lysosomal digestion.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8206147# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: gp1calpha_hs intracellular transport

597509
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746505

597497
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746501

746501
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GP1c alpha (homo sapiens)_C99H159N7O62FULLRCO

753129
type: Reaction
reactant: 594574
product: 594599
name: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus
reversible: false
product: 594611
fast: false
reactant: 594562
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GNT311g Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : acgalfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + udpgal --> galacgalfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yokoyama-Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi T, Sekine S, Kato S.#TITLE:Selection of cDNAs encoding putative type II membrane proteins on the cell surface from a human full-length cDNA bank.#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10072769# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10331.1)
product: 594587

594574
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887

594599
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

594611
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

594562
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744686

744686
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (Gal)2 (GalNAc)1 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)1 (Cer)1_C58H102N3O31FULLRCO

594587
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746341

748043
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Perillyl alcohol_C10H16O

744974
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: S-Adenosylmethioninamine_C14H24N6O3S

745954
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _4,8 dimethylnonanoyl-CoA_C32H54N7O17P3S

746251
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Fructose_C6H12O6

753799
type: Reaction
product: 610409
reversible: true
reactant: 610360
name: Asparagine transport (Na, H coupled)
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASNtN1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: asn-L[e] + h[c] + (2) na1[e] <==> asn-L[c] + h[e] + (2) na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB based om PMID 10823827 genes: LOCUS:_92745#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC38A5# LOCUS:_10991#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC38A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 38, member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc38a3.1# NAME:solute carrier family 38, member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc38a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Fei YJ, Sugawara M, Nakanishi T, Huang W, Wang H, Prasad PD, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V#TITLE:Primary structure, genomic organization, and functional and electrogenic characteristics of human system N 1, a Na+- and H+-coupled glutamine transporter#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10823827# AUTHORS:Mackenzie B, Erickson JD#TITLE:Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid (System N/A) transporters of the SLC38 gene family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12845534# GENE ASSOCIATION: (92745.1) or (10991.1)
product: 610384
reactant: 610372
reactant: 610348
product: 610397

610409
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747657

610360
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

610384
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745096

610372
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659

610348
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745098

610397
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627

753369
type: Reaction
product: 599872
reactant: 599860
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2Otg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: h2o[c] <==> h2o[g] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: H2O transport, Golgi apparatus

599872
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611

599860
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

751519
type: Reaction
product: 555988
reactant: 555976
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACGALtly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: acgal[l] --> acgal[c] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Rome LH, Hill DF#TITLE:Lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans. Efflux and recycling of sulphate and N-acetylhexosamines#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:3753439# AUTHORS:Jonas AJ, Speller RJ, Conrad PB, Dubinsky WP#TITLE:Transport of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine by rat liver lysosomes#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2784441# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: N-acetyl-galactosamine lysosomal efflux

555988
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744680

555976
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744684

749223
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Arabinitol_C5H12O5

751731
type: Reaction
product: 561388
reactant: 561376
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_no_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : no <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Nitric oxide exchange

561388
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749705

749705
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nitric oxide_NO

561376
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747761

747761
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nitric oxide_NO

746491
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GlcNAc-alpha-1,4-Core 1_C22H37N2O15X

743952
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _18 hydroxy arachidonic acid_C20H31O3

744736
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Acetylcholine_C7H16NO2

748251
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: phosphatidylserine (homo sapiens)_C6H11NO6PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

749275
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Alanine_C3H7NO2

749840
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: starch, structure 1 (1,6-{7[1,4-Glc], 4[1,4-Glc]})_C66H112O56

752691
type: Reaction
product: 584008
product: 583996
reactant: 583984
reactant: 583972
notes: Abbreviation: R_DMHPTCRNCPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + dmhptcoa <==> coa + dmhptcrn Confidence Level: 2 made reversible since Keq ~ 0.6. dmhptcoa is a special case because its biochemical fate has not be elucidated. NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# AUTHORS:Verhoeven NM, Wanders RJ, Poll-The BT, Saudubray JM, Jakobs C.#TITLE:The metabolism of phytanic acid and pristanic acid in man: a review.#JOURNAL:J Inherit Metab Dis#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9819701# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: carnitine fatty-acyl transferase

584008
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745944

745944
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl carnitine_C16H35NO4

583996
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

583984
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745940

745940
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl-CoA_C30H52N7O17P3S

583972
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482

745956
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _4,8 dimethylnonanoyl carnitine_C18H37NO4

752003
type: Reaction
product: 567669
product: 567681
reactant: 567645
reactant: 567621
product: 567693
product: 567706
reactant: 567609
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC2252053x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome Equation: [x] : coa + dcsptn1coa + h2o + nad + o2 --> accoa + h + h2o2 + nadh + tmndnccoa Confidence Level: 4 _1 round beta ox - in peroxisome, no fad, 1ste set of beta-ox is by acyl-coa oxidase (passes electrons directly to o2 -> h2o2) peroxisomal (very long chain FA) c22:5,n-3 -> c20:5, n-3 - final '3' in abbreviation indicates omega3 FA 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# LOCUS:_1962#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EHHADH#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17.1.1.1.# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal beta-oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.2-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.2-x# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (51.1 and 3295.1 and 30.1) or (30.1 and 51.2 and 1962.1) or (51.1 and 30.1 and 1962.1) or (3295.1 and 30.1 and 51.2)
product: 567718
reversible: false
fast: false
reactant: 567657
reactant: 567633

567669
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744658

567681
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637

567645
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747679

567621
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745740

745740
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoyl coenzyme A_C43H64N7O17P3S

567693
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746605

567706
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747687

567609
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434

567718
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748763

748763
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: timnodonyl coenzyme A_C41H60N7O17P3S

567657
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747805

567633
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746621

743902
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _11-Deoxycortisol_C21H30O4

755071
type: Reaction
product: 641216
reversible: false
reactant: 641156
product: 641204
reactant: 641168
product: 641228
notes: Abbreviation: R_1a_COMMA_24_COMMA_25VITD3Hm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin D Equation: [m] : 2425dhvitd3 + h + nadph + o2 --> 1a2425thvitd3 + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 2 based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.196 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 641180
name: _1-alpha-Vitamin D-24,25-hydroxylase (D3)
fast: false
reactant: 641192

641216
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

641156
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743996

743996
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3_C27H44O3

641204
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743956

641168
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

641228
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693

641180
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703

641192
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799

749225
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Acetate_C2H3O2

749311
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Aspartate_C4H6NO4

743954
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _1-alpha,24R,25-Trihydroxyvitamin D2_C28H44O4

745148
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoate_C4H7O3

754077
type: Reaction
product: 617140
product: 617127
reactant: 617115
reactant: 617103
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYSTAm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.6.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: [m] : akg + cys-L <==> glu-L + mercppyr Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: LOCUS:_2806#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GOT2#ECNUMBERS:2.6.1.1# proteins: NAME:aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Got2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Stipanuk MH#TITLE:Sulfur amino acid metabolism: pathways for production and removal of homocysteine and cysteine#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15189131# AUTHORS:Ubuka T, Umemura S, Yuasa S, Kinuta M, Watanabe K. #TITLE:Purification and characterization of mitochondrial cysteine aminotransferase from rat liver. #YEAR:1978#PUBMED:754189# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2806.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cysteine transaminase (mitochondrial)

617140
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747531

747531
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Mercaptopyruvate_C3H3O3S

617127
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438

617115
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745660

745660
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Cysteine_C3H7NO2S

617103
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916

755201
type: Reaction
product: 644287
reactant: 644275
notes: Abbreviation: R_ODECOAtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: odecoa[c] <==> odecoa[x] Confidence Level: 2 interaction between peroxisomes and ER (some enzymes on the outer membrane) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid intracellular transport

644287
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747869

747869
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Octadecenoyl-CoA (n-C18:1CoA)_C39H64N7O17P3S

644275
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747865

747865
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Octadecenoyl-CoA (n-C18:1CoA)_C39H64N7O17P3S

755189
type: Reaction
product: 644009
reactant: 643997
notes: Abbreviation: R_PAPtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: pap[g] --> pap[c] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate Golgi transport

644009
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747975

643997
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977

753677
type: Reaction
product: 607248
product: 607235
reactant: 607223
reactant: 607211
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACT9p Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.16 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [x] : 3ohxccoa + coa --> accoa + ttccoa Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# proteins: NAME:acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1#ABBREVIATION:Acaa1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bout A, Franse MM, Collins J, Blonden L, Tager JM, Benne R.#TITLE:Characterization of the gene encoding human peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase (ACAA). No large DNA rearrangement in a thiolase-deficient patient.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1679347# GENE ASSOCIATION: (30.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: acetyl-CoA acyltransferase (tetracosanoyl-CoA), peroxisomal

607248
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748823

607235
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744658

607223
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434

607211
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744198

744198
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _3-Oxohexacosyl-CoA_C47H80N7O18P3S

746300
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Type IH glycolipid_C50H89N2O26FULLRCO

753231
type: Reaction
product: 596717
reactant: 596693
product: 596705
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLK_L Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.108 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : ctp + (0.1) dolichol_L --> cdp + (0.1) dolp_L + h Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 596729
name: Dolichol kinase, human (liver)
reactant: 596681
reversible: false
fast: false

596717
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746002

596693
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745986

745986
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dolichol, human liver homolog_C1080H1768O10

596705
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745268

596729
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

596681
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745644

752235
type: Reaction
reactant: 573028
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4507B12r Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : h + nadph + o2 + xol27oh --> h2o + nadp + xoltri27 Confidence Level: 4 NJ - substrates by similarity/analogy to hydroxylase reactions (literature notes NADH can often be used in place of NADPH) genes: LOCUS:_9420#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP7B1# proteins: NAME:cytochrom P450, family 7, subfamily B, polypeptide 1#ABBREVIATION:Cyp7b1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9420.1)
product: 573101
reactant: 573040
reactant: 573052
reactant: 573064
fast: false
product: 573089
product: 573076
name: oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase

573028
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

573101
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749071

749071
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _7-alpha,27-Dihydroxycholesterol_C27H46O3

573040
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747707

573052
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747803

573064
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749015

573089
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697

573076
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619

744476
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: acyl carrier protein_C11H21N2O7PRS

745304
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Cholate_C24H39O5

755974
type: Reaction
product: 662527
reactant: 662515
notes: Abbreviation: R_MANtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: man[g] --> man[c] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannose efflux from Golgi apparatus

662527
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747491

747491
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Mannose_C6H12O6

662515
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747495

746865
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Iodide_I

753781
type: Reaction
name: galactose/N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase, Golgi apparatus
reversible: false
product: 609998
reactant: 609962
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6T3g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksii_core2_pre10 + paps --> h + ksii_core2 + pap Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8534#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST1# LOCUS:_9469#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST3# proteins: NAME:carbohydrate (keratan sulfate Gal-6) sulfotransferase 1, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst1.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (chondroitin 6) sulfotransferase 3, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Habuchi O, Hirahara Y, Uchimura K, Fukuta M#TITLE:Enzymatic sulfation of galactose residue of keratan sulfate by chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8991509# AUTHORS:Fukuta M, Kobayashi Y, Uchimura K, Kimata K, Habuchi O#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of human chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9714738# AUTHORS:Fukuta M, Inazawa J, Torii T, Tsuzuki K, Shimada E, Habuchi O#TITLE:Molecular cloning and characterization of human keratan sulfate Gal-6-sulfotransferase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9405439# AUTHORS:Grunwell JR, Bertozzi CR#TITLE:Carbohydrate sulfotransferases of the GalNAc/Gal/GlcNAc6ST family#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12403612# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8534.1) or (9469.1)
reactant: 609950
product: 609986
fast: false
product: 609974

609998
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977

609962
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981

609950
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747143

747143
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate II biosynthesis, precursor 10_C81H130N6O64S2X

609986
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747139

747139
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate II (core 2-linked)_C81H129N6O67S3X

609974
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

752733
type: Reaction
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 585096
name: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
reactant: 585060
product: 585072
notes: Abbreviation: R_AG13T7g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre9 + uacgam --> h + ksi_pre10 + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_11041#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT6# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_284208#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNTL1# LOCUS:_93010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT7# LOCUS:_79369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT4# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1#ABBREVIATION:B3gntl1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt4.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K#TITLE:Identification and characterization of three novel beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase …
product: 585084
reactant: 585048

585096
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

585060
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

585072
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

585084
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747047

747047
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 10_C129H209N9O98S2X

585048
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747117

747117
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 9_C121H196N8O93S2X

746206
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Fructose 1-phosphate_C6H11O9P

749994
type: Reaction
product: 519769
reactant: 519745
reactant: 519732
product: 519757
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_MDHm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.37 SUBSYSTEM: Citric Acid Cycle Equation: [m] : mal-L + nad <==> h + nadh + oaa Confidence Level: 0 IF genes: LOCUS:_4191#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MDH2#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.37# proteins: NAME:malate dehydrogenase 2 (NAD), mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Mdh2.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4191.1)
product: 519781
reversible: true
name: malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

519769
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683

519745
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673

519732
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747467

519757
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

519781
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747819

753311
type: Reaction
product: 598653
reactant: 598641
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_pydx_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : pydx <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Pyridoxal exchange

598653
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749786

749786
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Pyridoxal_C8H9NO3

598641
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748293

748293
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Pyridoxal_C8H9NO3

753731
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GNT312g Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : acglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + udpgal --> galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yokoyama-Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi T, Sekine S, Kato S.#TITLE:Selection of cDNAs encoding putative type II membrane proteins on the cell surface from a human full-length cDNA bank.#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10072769# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10331.1)
reactant: 608579
name: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 608603
product: 608627
product: 608615
reactant: 608591

608579
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744722

608603
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746344

608627
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

608615
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

608591
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887

756308
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_SMPD3g Synonyms: _4 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : h2o + sphmyln_hs --> cholp + crm_hs + h Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: LOCUS:_55512#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SMPD3# LOCUS:_55512#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SMPD3# proteins: NAME:sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) #ABBREVIATION:Smpd3.1# NAME:sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) #ABBREVIATION:Smpd3.2# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55512.1) or (55512.2)
product: 670147
reactant: 670123
product: 670159
reversible: false
name: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II)
reactant: 670135
fast: false
product: 670171

670147
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745324

745324
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Choline phosphate_C5H13NO4P

670123
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611

670159
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745472

745472
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: ceramide (homo sapiens)_C18H36NO2FULLRCO

670135
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748511

670171
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

754537
type: Reaction
product: 628432
reactant: 628420
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTPLM2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: [c] : Rtotal2coa <==> pmtcoa Confidence Level: 0 cytosolic conversion of pooled FA into palmitate (so subsequent transport into mit w/ FA oxidation can occur). Since Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16 ratio between Rgroupcoa and pmtcoa is 1:1 HR fatty acid metabolism - R groups = acyl groups, Rtotal, Rtotal2, Rtotal3 correspond to three possible acyl groups added to glycerol R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: R group to palmitate conversion

628432
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748107

748107
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Palmitoyl-CoA (n-C16:0CoA)_C37H62N7O17P3S

628420
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744542

744542
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R total 2 coenzyme A_CO2FULLR2C21H31N7O15P3S

753301
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_MI134PK Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.7.1.134 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + mi134p --> adp + h + mi1346p Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF, Moor RM, Pollock WK, Smith PM, Wreggett KA#TITLE:Inositol phosphates: proliferation, metabolism and function#JOURNAL:Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:2906139# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 598448
product: 598460
product: 598472
fast: false
name: inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 6-kinase
reversible: false
product: 598484
reactant: 598436

598448
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747565

747565
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate_C6H9O15P3

598460
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

598472
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

598484
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747561

747561
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1D-myo-Inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate_C6H8O18P4

598436
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

753909
type: Reaction
product: 613218
reactant: 613205
notes: Abbreviation: R_DM_melanin_LPAREN_c_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [c] : melanin --> Confidence Level: SAB demand for melanin in cytosol because there is no specific melanosome compartment genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: DM_melanin(c)

613218
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749677

749677
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Melanin_C9H6NO4

613205
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747501

747501
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Melanin_C9H6NO4

754417
type: Reaction
product: 625627
product: 625615
reactant: 625603
reactant: 625591
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTD6 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : damp + h2o --> dad-2 + pi Confidence Level: 2 Wide specificity for 5'-nucleotides Also see EC 3.1.3.31 genes: LOCUS:_22978#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NT5C2# proteins: NAME:_5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II #ABBREVIATION:Nt5C2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Oka J, Matsumoto A, Hosokawa Y, Inoue S. #TITLE:Molecular cloning of human cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun. #YEAR:1994# GENE ASSOCIATION: (22978.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5'-nucleotidase (dAMP)

625627
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

625615
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745676

745676
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Deoxyadenosine_C10H13N5O3

625603
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

625591
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745700

745700
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dAMP_C10H12N5O6P

746446
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Glutaryl-CoA_C26H37N7O19P3S

745306
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Cholate_C24H39O5

748963
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Vaccenyl carnitine_C25H47NO4

748271
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: pendtadenoyl carnitine_C22H43NO4

754777
type: Reaction
product: 634016
product: 634004
reactant: 633992
reactant: 633980
notes: Abbreviation: R_MI34PP Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.3.66 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + mi34p --> mi3p-D + pi Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3631#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:INPP4A#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.66# LOCUS:_8821#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:INPP4B# LOCUS:_3631#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:INPP4A# proteins: NAME:inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type I, 107kDa#ABBREVIATION:Inpp4a.1# NAME:inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type I, 107kDa#ABBREVIATION:Inpp4a.2# NAME:inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type II, 105kDa#ABBREVIATION:Inpp4b.1# citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF, Moor RM, Pollock WK, Smith PM, Wreggett KA#TITLE:Inositol phosphates: proliferation, metabolism and function#JOURNAL:Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:2906139# AUTHORS:Norris FA, Auethavekiat V, Majerus PW#TITLE:The isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding human and rat brain inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7608176# AUTHORS:Norris FA, Atkins RC, Majerus PW#TITLE:The cDNA cloning and characterization of inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II. Evidence for conserved alternative splicing in the 4-phosphatase family#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9295334# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3631.2) or (3631.1) or (8821.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase

634016
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

634004
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747587

747587
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1D-myo-Inositol 3-phosphate_C6H11O9P

633992
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747585

747585
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1D-myo-Inositol 3,4-bisphosphate_C6H10O12P2

633980
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

749381
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: chondroitin sulfate A (GalNAc4S-GlcA) proteoglycan_C45H66N2O45S3X

752927
type: Reaction
product: 589683
reactant: 589671
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_fucfucfucgalacglc13galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : fucfucfucgalacglc13galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: (Gal)4 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)3 (LFuc)3 (Cer)1 exchange

589683
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749495

749495
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (Gal)4 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)3 (LFuc)3 (Cer)1_C90H155N4O54FULLRCO

589671
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746282

746282
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (Gal)4 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)3 (LFuc)3 (Cer)1_C90H155N4O54FULLRCO

747967
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: phosphatidylinositol (homo sapiens)_C9H16O9PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

746208
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate_C6H10O12P2

747397
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)3-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitodiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1480H2428N20O370P20

756190
type: Reaction
product: 667261
reversible: false
name: adenylyl-selenate kinase
product: 667237
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADSELK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.25 SUBSYSTEM: Selenoamino acid metabolism Equation: [c] : adsel + atp --> 3padsel + adp + h Confidence Level: 1 SAB genes: LOCUS:_9061#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PAPSS1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.25,2.7.7.4# LOCUS:_9060#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PAPSS2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.4,&,2.7.1# proteins: NAME:_3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Papss2.1# NAME:_3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Papss1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Xu ZH, Otterness DM, Freimuth RR, Carlini EJ, Wood TC, Mitchell S, Moon E, Kim UJ, Xu JP, Siciliano MJ, Weinshilboum RM#TITLE:Human 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 1 (PAPSS1) and PAPSS2: gene cloning, characterization and chromosomal localization#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10679223# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9061.1) or (9060.1)
fast: false
product: 667249
reactant: 667213
reactant: 667225

667261
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

667237
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744202

744202
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847

667249
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

667213
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744864

744864
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Adenylylselenate_C10H12N5O10PSe

667225
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

753463
type: Reaction
product: 602223
reactant: 602211
notes: Abbreviation: R_FRDPtc Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: frdp[x] <==> frdp[c] Confidence Level: 2 cholesterol precursor, transport by "diffusion" -> actually beleived to be flip-flop mechanism (PMID: 12840657). See also Krisans (PMID: 14713247, PMID: 12121718) for synthesis of cholesterol pathway (why FRDP needs to be transported between ER and peroxisome) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Fast flip-flop of cholesterol and fatty acids in membranes: implications for membrane transport proteins.#JOURNAL:Curr Opin Lipidol. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12840657# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: lipid, flip-flop intracellular transport

602223
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746248

746248
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Farnesyl diphosphate_C15H25O7P2

602211
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746250

752835
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 587616
reactant: 587603
product: 587652
name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_PIK3 Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 2.7.1.137 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + pail_hs --> adp + h + pail3p_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5289#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3C3# LOCUS:_5291#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3CB#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5290#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3CA#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5287#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3C2B#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5293#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3CD#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5286#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3C2A#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5294#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3CG#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_23533#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:P101-PI3K# LOCUS:_5288#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3C2G#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3R1# LOCUS:_8503#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3R3# LOCUS:_5296#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3R2# LOCUS:_5295#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIK3R1# LOCUS:_5295#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:PIK3R1# LOCUS:_10870#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HCST# proteins: NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110a, p85a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3car1.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110a, p55a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3car1.2# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110a, p50a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3car.3# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110a, p85b)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3car2.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110a, p55c)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3car3.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110b, p85a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cbr1.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110b, p55a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cbr1.2# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110b, p50a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cbr1.3# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110b, p85b)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cbr2.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110b, p55c)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cbr3.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110c, p85a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cdr1.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110c, p55a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cdr1.2# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110c, p50a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cdr1.3# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110c, p85b)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cd…
product: 587628
product: 587640

587616
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747965

587603
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

587652
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747943

587628
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

587640
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

749143
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _25-Hydroxyvitamin D2_C28H44O2

747729
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Ammonium_H4N

753011
type: Reaction
fast: false
name: Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 1
product: 591685
product: 591661
reactant: 591637
product: 591673
reactant: 591649
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT16g Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 2.4.1.69 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fucgalacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2523#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.69# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 1#ABBREVIATION:Fut1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Larsen RD, Ernst LK, Nair RP, Lowe JB.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, sequence, and expression of a human GDP-L-fucose:beta-D-galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase cDNA that can form the H blood group antigen.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2118655# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2523.1)

591685
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

591661
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746299

746299
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: VI2Fuc-nLc6_C64H112N3O36FULLRCO

591637
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746344

591673
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746403

591649
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408

747917
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: phosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H5O4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

749383
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: chondroitin sulfate B / dermatan sulfate (IdoA2S-GalNAc4S) proteoglycan_C45H65N2O48S4X

744390
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-Methylthio-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate_C6H11O7PS

747969
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: phosphatidylinositol (homo sapiens)_C9H16O9PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

751385
type: Reaction
product: 552735
product: 552723
reactant: 552711
reactant: 552699
notes: Abbreviation: R_FRTT Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 2.5.1.29 SUBSYSTEM: Cholesterol Metabolism Equation: [c] : frdp + ipdp --> ggdp + ppi Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_9453#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GGPS1#ECNUMBERS:2.5.1.1,2.5.1.10,,2.5.1.29# proteins: NAME:geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1#ABBREVIATION:Ggps1.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (9453.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: farnesyltranstransferase

552735
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

552723
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746410

746410
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Geranylgeranyl diphosphate_C20H33O7P2

552711
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746931

552699
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746248

756770
type: Reaction
product: 680911
product: 680899
reactant: 680887
reactant: 680875
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [m] : atp + cmp <==> adp + cdp Confidence Level: 1 genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (CMP),mitochondrial

680911
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745270

745270
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: CDP_C9H12N3O11P2

680899
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822

680887
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745390

745390
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P

680875
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118

754271
type: Reaction
product: 621628
product: 621616
reactant: 621604
reactant: 621592
notes: Abbreviation: R_2HCO3_NAt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) hco3[e] + na1[e] <==> (2) hco3[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_8671#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A4# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 4, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a4.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.2-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.3-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.4-e# citations: AUTHORS:Romero MF, Fulton CM, Boron WF.#TITLE:The SLC4 family of HCO 3 - transporters.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14722772# GENE ASSOCIATION: (57835.3) or (8671.1) or (57835.2) or (57835.1) or (57835.4)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: bicarbonate transport (Na/HCO3 1:2 cotransport)

621628
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

621616
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746647

621604
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659

621592
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746649

745046
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Aquacob(III)alamin_C62H93CoN13O15P

751335
type: Reaction
reversible: false
fast: false
reactant: 551364
notes: Abbreviation: R_HMGCOARx Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.34 SUBSYSTEM: Cholesterol Metabolism Equation: [x] : (2) h + hmgcoa + (2) nadph --> coa + mev-R + (2) nadp Confidence Level: 4 NCD Peroxisomal version - NJ genes: LOCUS:_3156#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HMGCR#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.88# proteins: NAME:_3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase#ABBREVIATION:Hmgcr.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Olivier LM, Krisans SK#TITLE:Peroxisomal protein targeting and identification of peroxisomal targeting signals in cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes#JOURNAL:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta#YEAR:2000# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3156.1)
product: 551388
reactant: 551376
product: 551412
reactant: 551352
name: Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase (ir)
product: 551400

551364
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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746729

746729
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862

551388
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434

551376
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747709

747709
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - reduced_C21H26N7O17P3

551412
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747699

747699
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate_C21H25N7O17P3

551352
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746637

551400
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747547

747547
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: (R)-Mevalonate_C6H11O4

750889
type: Reaction
product: 541142
reactant: 541106
reactant: 541118
notes: Abbreviation: R_PIK4n Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.7.1.67 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [n] : atp + pail_hs --> adp + h + pail4p_hs Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF#TITLE:Nuclear lipid signalling#JOURNAL:Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12728269# GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, nuclear
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 541154
product: 541130

541142
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746633

541106
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120

541118
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747967

541154
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747955

541130
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744824

754149
type: Reaction
product: 618796
product: 618784
reactant: 618772
reactant: 618760
notes: Abbreviation: R_RTOTAL2CRNCPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : Rtotal2coa + crn --> Rtotal2crn + coa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: AUTHORS:Finocchiaro G, Taroni F, Rocchi M, Martin AL, Colombo I, Tarelli GT, DiDonato S. #TITLE:cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the gene for human carnitine palmitoyltransferase. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1988962# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.4) or (1375.3) or (1374.1) or (126129.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine fatty-acyl transferase

618796
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

618784
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744546

744546
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R total 2 carnitine_CO2FULLR2C7H14NO2

618772
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482

618760
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744542

754427
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 625831
reversible: true
product: 625843
notes: Abbreviation: R_PRASCS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.2.6 SUBSYSTEM: IMP Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : 5aizc + asp-L + atp <==> 25aics + adp + h + pi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_10606#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PAICS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.2.6,4.1.1.21# proteins: NAME:phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase #ABBREVIATION:PaicS.1# citations: AUTHORS:Brayton KA, Chen Z, Zhou G, Nagy PL, Gavalas A, Trent JM, Deaven LL, Dixon JE, Zalkin H. #TITLE:Two genes for de novo purine nucleotide synthesis on human chromosome 4 are closely linked and divergently transcribed.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8106516# AUTHORS:Minet M, Lacroute F.#TITLE:Cloning and sequencing of a human cDNA coding for a multifunctional polypeptide of the purine pathway by complementation of the ade2-101 mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.#JOURNAL:Curr Genet.#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2253271# AUTHORS:Barton JW, Hart IM, Patterson D.#TITLE:Mapping of a locus correcting lack of phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cell Ade-D mutants to human chromosome 4. #JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:2004782# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10606.1)
product: 625879
reactant: 625807
name: phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase
product: 625867
product: 625855
reactant: 625819

625831
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

625843
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744002

744002
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate_C13H15N4O12P

625879
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

625807
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744344

744344
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate_C9H11N3O9P

625867
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

625855
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

625819
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745108

746697
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: hexacosanoate (n-C26:0)_C26H51O2

751541
type: Reaction
reactant: 556602
notes: Abbreviation: R_DESAT18_8 Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.14.19.1 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid elongation Equation: [c] : h + nadh + o2 + od2coa --> (2) h2o + lneldccoa + nad Confidence Level: 4 for homo sapiens, noted to actually be NADH-cyt b5, using NADH at present NJ genes: LOCUS:_9415#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FADS2#ECNUMBERS:1.14.99.25# proteins: NAME:fatty acid desaturase 2#ABBREVIATION:Fads2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Horrobin DF#TITLE:Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:1990# AUTHORS:Leonard AE, Bobik EG, Dorado J, Kroeger PE, Chuang LT, Thurmond JM, Parker-Barnes JM, Das T, Huang YS, Mukerji P#TITLE:Cloning of a human cDNA encoding a novel enzyme involved in the elongation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:Cho HP, Nakamura MT, Clarke SD#TITLE:Cloning, expression, and nutritional regulation of the mammalian delta-6 desaturase#JOURNAL:The Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Pereira SL, Leonard AE, Mukerji P#TITLE:Recent advances in the study of fatty acid desaturases from animals and lower eukaryotes#JOURNAL:Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9415.1)
reactant: 556566
reversible: false
product: 556627
product: 556614
reactant: 556590
product: 556639
name: fatty acyl-CoA desaturase (n-C18:1CoA -> n-C18:2CoA)
fast: false
reactant: 556578

556602
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747861

556566
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

556627
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747303

747303
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: linoelaidyl coenzyme A_C39H62N7O17P3S

556614
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

556590
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

556639
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

556578
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

744038
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-Hydroxybutyrate_C4H7O3

754389
type: Reaction
product: 624915
product: 624903
reactant: 624891
reactant: 624879
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYSTGLUex Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: Lcystin[e] + glu-L[c] --> Lcystin[c] + glu-L[e] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see PMID 14770310 genes: LOCUS:_6520#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC3A2# LOCUS:_23657#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A11# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 3 member 2/family 7 member 11#ABBREVIATION:Slc3a2/7a11# citations: AUTHORS:Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770310# GENE ASSOCIATION: (23657.1 and 6520.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-cystine/L-glutamate exchanger

624915
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746436

624903
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744498

624891
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

624879
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744500

744500
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Cystine_C6H12N2O4S2

746226
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Fe2+_Fe

745202
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-tocopherol_C28H48O2

750969
type: Reaction
product: 542867
reactant: 542854
notes: Abbreviation: R_URIt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: uri[e] <==> uri[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_2030#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A1# LOCUS:_3177#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Ward JL, Sherali A, Mo ZP, Tse CM.#TITLE:Kinetic and pharmacological properties of cloned human equilibrative nucleoside transporters, ENT1 and ENT2, stably expressed in nucleoside transporter-deficient PK15 cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10722669# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3177.1) or (2030.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: uridine facilated transport in cytosol

542867
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748935

542854
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748937

745254
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Cob(II)alamin_C62H92CoN13O14P

748881
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: UDPglucose_C15H22N2O17P2

749547
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Glycerol_C3H8O3

756686
type: Reaction
reactant: 679060
fast: false
name: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase
product: 679108
product: 679096
notes: Abbreviation: R_PYAM5POr Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin B6 Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + o2 + pyam5p <==> h2o2 + nh4 + pydx5p Confidence Level: 4 NCD IT genes: LOCUS:_55163#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PNPO#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.5# proteins: NAME:Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase #ABBREVIATION:PnpO.1# citations: AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# AUTHORS:Ink SL, Henderson LM.#TITLE:Vitamin B6 metabolism.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6380540# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55163.1)
reversible: true
reactant: 679048
product: 679084
reactant: 679072

679060
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

679108
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748287

679096
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721

679048
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

679084
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

679072
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748279

750517
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 532410
product: 532434
reactant: 532398
name: pyridoxal kinase
reversible: false
product: 532422
product: 532446
notes: Abbreviation: R_PYDXK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.35 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin B6 Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + pydx --> adp + h + pydx5p Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PDXK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.35# proteins: NAME:pyridoxal (pyridoxine, vitamin B6) kinase #ABBREVIATION:PdxK.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ink SL, Henderson LM.#TITLE:Vitamin B6 metabolism.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6380540# AUTHORS:Hanna MC, Turner AJ, Kirkness EF.#TITLE:Human pyridoxal kinase. cDNA cloning, expression, and modulation by ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9099727# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8566.1)

532410
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748291

748291
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Pyridoxal_C8H9NO3

532434
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

532398
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

532422
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

532446
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748287

756676
type: Reaction
product: 678892
reactant: 678880
notes: Abbreviation: R_DM_dgtp_LPAREN_m_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [m] : dgtp --> Confidence Level: IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: DM_dgtp(m)

678892
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749417

749417
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dGTP_C10H12N5O13P3

678880
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745830

745830
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dGTP_C10H12N5O13P3

744246
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Aminobutanal_C4H10NO

749599
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hexacosanoate (n-C26:0)_C26H51O2

757285
type: Reaction
product: 693462
product: 693449
reactant: 693437
reactant: 693425
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALASE14ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg38 --> gal + ksi_deg39 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Bielicki J,…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-galactosidase, lysosomal

693462
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747021

747021
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 39_C48H81N3O36

693449
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746340

693437
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747019

747019
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 38_C54H91N3O41

693425
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

751693
type: Reaction
product: 560361
product: 560349
reactant: 560337
notes: Abbreviation: R_MDRPD Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [c] : 5mdru1p --> dkmpp + h2o Confidence Level: 2 JLR- Based on reaction given for B. subtilis (Sekowska A and A. Danchin paper(2002) ) genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Myers RW, Abeles RH#TITLE:Conversion of 5-S-ethyl-5-thio-D-ribose to ethionine in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Basis for the selective toxicity of 5-S-ethyl-5-thio-D-ribose#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2543672# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5-Methylthio-5-deoxy-D-ribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase

560361
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

560349
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745918

560337
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744392

744392
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-Methylthio-5-deoxy-D-ribulose 1-phosphate_C6H11O7PS

749091
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Xylose_C5H10O5

744318
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate_C9H6NO4

751643
type: Reaction
product: 559166
product: 559153
reversible: true
notes: Abbreviation: R_GCCam Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.4.2 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [m] : gly + h + lpro <==> alpro + co2 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2731#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLDC#ECNUMBERS:1.4.4.2# LOCUS:_275#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AMT#ECNUMBERS:2.1.2.10# LOCUS:_1738#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DLD#ECNUMBERS:1.8.1.4# LOCUS:_2653#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GCSH# proteins: NAME:glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating; glycine decarboxylase, glycine cleavage system protein P), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Gldc.1-m# NAME:aminomethyltransferase (glycine cleavage system protein T), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Amt.1-m# NAME:glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier) #ABBREVIATION:Gcsh.1-m# NAME:dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Dld.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Lee HH, Kim do J, Ahn HJ, Ha JY, Suh SW.#TITLE:Crystal structure of T-protein of the glycine cleavage system. Cofactor binding, insights into H-protein recognition, and molecular basis for understanding nonketotic hyperglycinemia.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15355973# GENE ASSOCIATION: (275.1) and (1738.1) and (2731.1) and (2653.1)
reactant: 559140
reactant: 559114
fast: false
reactant: 559127
name: glycine-cleavage complex (lipoylprotein), mitochondrial

559166
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745410

559153
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744962

744962
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: S-Aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein_CH6NS2X

559140
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747357

747357
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Lipoylprotein_S2X

559114
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746453

559127
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

750425
type: Reaction
product: 530300
product: 530288
reactant: 530276
reactant: 530264
notes: Abbreviation: R_NAt5 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: na1[c] + nh4[e] <==> na1[e] + nh4[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6550#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC9A3# LOCUS:_6549#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC9A2# LOCUS:_6548#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC9A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), isoform 1 (antiporter, Na+/H+, amiloride sensitive)#ABBREVIATION:Slc9a1.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), isoform 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc9a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), isoform 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc9a3.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Aronson PS#TITLE:Kinetic properties of the plasma membrane Na+-H+ exchanger#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Physiol#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2581505# AUTHORS:Sardet C, Franchi A, Pouyssegur J#TITLE:Molecular cloning, primary structure, and expression of the human growth factor-activatable Na+/H+ antiporter.#JOURNAL:Cell#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2536298# AUTHORS:Orlowski J, Grinstein S#TITLE:Diversity of the mammalian sodium/proton exchanger SLC9 gene family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12845533# AUTHORS:Malakooti J, Dahdal RY, Schmidt L, Layden TJ, Dudeja PK, Ramaswamy K#TITLE:Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of the human Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE2#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10444453# AUTHORS:Ghishan FK, Knobel SM, Summar M#TITLE:Molecular cloning, sequencing, chromosomal localization, and tissue distribution of the human Na+/H+ exchanger (SLC9A2)#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:8595899# AUTHORS:Brant SR, Yun CH, Donowitz M, Tse CM#TITLE:Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional analysis of the human Na+/N+ exchanger isoform, NHE3#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7631746# AUTHORS:Szpirer C, Szpirer J, Riviere M, Levan G, Orlowski J#TITLE:Chromosomal assignment of four genes encoding Na/H exchanger isoforms in human and rat.#JOURNAL:Mamm Genome#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8199403# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6549.1) or (6548.1) or …
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sodium/ammonium proton antiporter

530300
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721

530288
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659

530276
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747723

530264
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657

746971
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 17_C152H245N10O132S7

756832
type: Reaction
product: 682383
reactant: 682371
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYStec Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: cys-L[e] <==> cys-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_124935#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bodoy S, Martin L, Zorzano A, Palacin M, Estevez R, Bertran J#TITLE:Identification of LAT4, a novel amino acid transporter with system L activity#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15659399# AUTHORS:Hediger MA, Romero MF, Peng JB, Rolfs A, Takanaga H, Bruford EA#TITLE:The ABCs of solute carriers: physiological, pathological and therapeutic implications of human membrane transport proteinsIntroduction#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14624363# GENE ASSOCIATION: (124935.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-cysteine transport via diffusion (extracellular to cytosol)

682383
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745656

682371
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745658

754941
type: Reaction
reactant: 638074
reactant: 638086
fast: false
reversible: false
reactant: 638050
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSD17B4x Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [x] : cholcoads + h + nadph + o2 --> cholcoaone + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 see Russell bile acid synthesis review paper in human recon citation db adamanski et al Steroids (1997) 62:159 notes cofactor NADP/NADPH use genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# proteins: NAME:hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4#ABBREVIATION:Hsd17b4.1-x# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Leenders F, Dolez V, Begue A, Moller G, Gloeckner JC, deLaunoit Y, Adamski J#TITLE:Structure of the gene for the human 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type IV#JOURNAL:Mammalian Genome#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Adamski J, Leenders F Carstensen JF, Kaumann M, Markus MM, Husen B, Tesdorpf JG, Seedor U, deLaunoit Y, Jakob F#TITLE:Steroids, fatty acyl-CoA, and sterols are substrates of 80-kDa multifunctional protein#JOURNAL:Steroids#YEAR:1997# AUTHORS:Marijanovic Z, Laubner D, Moller G, Gege C, Husenn B, Adamski J, Breitling R#TITLE:Closing the gap: Identification of human 3-ketosteroid reductase, the last unknown enzyme of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Molecular Endocrinology#YEAR:2005# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3295.1)
product: 638110
product: 638098
reactant: 638062
name: hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4
product: 638122

638074
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747709

638086
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747805

638050
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745310

638110
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746621

638098
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745312

745312
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862

638062
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637

638122
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747699

747749
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: NMN_C11H14N2O8P

751883
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 564749
reactant: 564689
product: 564737
notes: Abbreviation: R_PRAGSr Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 6.3.4.13 SUBSYSTEM: IMP Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : atp + gly + pram <==> adp + gar + h + pi Confidence Level: 4 JLR- added reversible form of PRAGS genes: LOCUS:_2618#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GART#ECNUMBERS:2.1.2.2,,6.3.1.# LOCUS:_2618#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GART#ECNUMBERS:2.1.2.2,,6.3.1.# proteins: NAME:phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase #ABBREVIATION:GarT.1# NAME:phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase #ABBREVIATION:GarT.2# citations: AUTHORS:Brodsky G, Barnes T, Bleskan J, Becker L, Cox M, Patterson D.#TITLE:The human GARS-AIRS-GART gene encodes two proteins which are differentially expressed during human brain development and temporally overexpressed in cerebellum of individuals with Down syndrome. #JOURNAL:Hum Mol Genet. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9328467# AUTHORS:Zhang Y, Desharnais J, Greasley SE, Beardsley GP, Boger DL, Wilson IA.#TITLE:Crystal structures of human GAR Tfase at low and high pH and with substrate beta-GAR.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12450384# AUTHORS:Schild D, Brake AJ, Kiefer MC, Young D, Barr PJ.#TITLE:Cloning of three human multifunctional de novo purine biosynthetic genes by functional complementation of yeast mutations. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. #YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2183217# AUTHORS:Poch MT, Qin W, Caperelli CA. #TITLE:The human trifunctional enzyme of de novo purine biosynthesis: heterologous expression, purification, and preliminary characterization.#JOURNAL:Protein Expr Purif.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9473452# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2618.1) or (2618.2)
reversible: true
reactant: 564701
product: 564713
product: 564725
name: phosphoribosylglycinamide synthase
reactant: 564677

564749
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

564689
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746450

564737
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

564701
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748167

564713
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

564725
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746376

746376
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N1-(5-Phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide_C7H14N2O8P

564677
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

750491
type: Reaction
product: 531780
reactant: 531768
notes: Abbreviation: R_DTTPtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: dttp[c] <==> dttp[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dTTP diffusion in nucleus

531780
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746060

531768
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746056

756550
type: Reaction
reactant: 675785
product: 675809
product: 675797
fast: false
product: 675845
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASNS1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.5.4 SUBSYSTEM: Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism Equation: [c] : asp-L + atp + gln-L + h2o --> amp + asn-L + glu-L + h + ppi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_440#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ASNS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.5.4# LOCUS:_440#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ASNS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.5.4# LOCUS:_440#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ASNS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.5.4# proteins: NAME:asparagine synthetase#ABBREVIATION:Asns.1# NAME:asparagine synthetase#ABBREVIATION:Asns.2# NAME:asparagine synthetase#ABBREVIATION:Asns.3# citations: AUTHORS:Van Heeke G, Schuster SM.#TITLE:Expression of human asparagine synthetase in Escherichia coli.#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2564390# AUTHORS:Andrulis IL, Chen J, Ray PN.#TITLE:Isolation of human cDNAs for asparagine synthetase and expression in Jensen rat sarcoma cells. #YEAR:1987#PUBMED:2886907# GENE ASSOCIATION: (440.1) or (440.3) or (440.2)
reactant: 675773
product: 675821
name: asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
product: 675833
reactant: 675760
reactant: 675748
reversible: false

675785
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

675809
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745096

675797
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

675845
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

675773
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429

675821
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

675833
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

675760
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

675748
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745108

752337
type: Reaction
product: 575580
reactant: 575568
reactant: 575556
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALOX5 Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 1.13.11.34 SUBSYSTEM: Eicosanoid Metabolism Equation: [c] : arachd + o2 --> 5HPET Confidence Level: 4 cofactors + usage still not clear see version ALOX5b for ATP concomittant hydrolysis - literature notes in vitro requirement for Ca and ATP for activity in addition to Fe genes: LOCUS:_240#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALOX5#ECNUMBERS:1.13.11.34# proteins: NAME:arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase#ABBREVIATION:Alox5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# TITLE:Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Matsumoto T, Funk CD, Radmark O, Hoog JO, Jornvall H, Samuelsson B.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and amino acid sequence of human 5-lipoxygenase.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:2829172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (240.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase

575580
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744324

744324
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-Hydroperoxy-6-trans-8,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoate_C20H31O4

575568
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

575556
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745066

751115
type: Reaction
product: 546197
product: 546185
reactant: 546173
reactant: 546161
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSNAT2m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + pcrn <==> crn + ppcoa Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_1384#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CRAT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.7# proteins: NAME:carnitine acetyltransferase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Crat.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Lysiak W, Toth PP, Suelter CH, Bieber LL.#TITLE:Quantitation of the efflux of acylcarnitines from rat heart, brain, and liver mitochondria.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:3759988# AUTHORS:Ramsay, Gandour, van der Leij#TITLE:Molecular enzymology of carnitine transfer and transport#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11257506# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1384.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: carnitine O-aceyltransferase, mitochondrial

546197
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748133

546185
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486

546173
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748003

748003
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: propionyl-carnitine_C10H19NO4

546161
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

750669
type: Reaction
product: 535977
notes: Abbreviation: R_G14T13g Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.4.1.38 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre23 + udpgal --> h + ksi_pre24 + udp Confidence Level: 4 Keratan sulfate I biosynthesis NCD genes: LOCUS:_9334#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT5#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_2683#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.22# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.22,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.90# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1, Golgi apparatus (all except brain)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 5, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt5.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Mengle-Gaw L, McCoy-Haman MF, Tiemeier DC#TITLE:Genomic structure and expression of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1903938# AUTHORS:Masri KA, Appert HE, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Identification of the full-length coding sequence for human galactosyltransferase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminide: beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase)#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3144273# AUTHORS:Appert HE, Rutherford TJ, Tarr GE, Wiest JS, Thomford NR, McCorquodale DJ#TITLE:Isolation of a cDNA coding for human galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:…
product: 535952
reactant: 535928
reactant: 535940
product: 535964
fast: false
name: beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, Golgi
reversible: false

535977
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

535952
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

535928
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747075

747075
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 23_C185H296N13O153S7X

535940
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887

535964
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747077

747077
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 24_C191H306N13O158S7X

757333
type: Reaction
product: 694582
product: 694570
reactant: 694558
reactant: 694546
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGH_DASH_10FTHF5GLUe Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [e] : 10fthf5glu + (4) h2o --> 10fthf + (4) glu-L Confidence Level: 4 REMOVES EITHER ONE OR TWO GLUTAMYL RESIDUES WITH A REACTION (WILL ONLY REPRESENT 1) - last step from 5-glutamyl to monoglutamyl is in one step IT genes: LOCUS:_8836#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GGH#ECNUMBERS:3.4.19.9# proteins: NAME:gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase) #ABBREVIATION:Ggh.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# AUTHORS:Rhee MS, Lindau-Shepard B, Chave KJ, Galivan J, Ryan TJ.#TITLE:Characterization of human cellular gamma-glutamyl hydrolase.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9614206# AUTHORS:Chandler CJ, Wang TT, Halsted CH.#TITLE:Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from human jejunal brush borders. Purification and characterization. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1986#PUBMED:2867095# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8836.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (10FTHF5GLU), extracellular

694582
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746436

694570
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743890

694558
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746609

694546
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743866

743866
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _10-formyltetrahydrofolate-[Glu](5)_C40H45N11O19

749041
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _7alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one_C27H46O3

755477
type: Reaction
product: 650550
product: 650538
reactant: 650526
reactant: 650514
notes: Abbreviation: R_PRDX Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.11.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Miscellaneous Equation: [c] : h2o2 + meoh --> fald + (2) h2o Confidence Level: 0 RS/TV (6/3/05) Peroxidases can act on a variety of substrates which are oxidized, not just methanol. genes: LOCUS:_8288#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EPX#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# proteins: NAME:Eosinophil peroxidase, cytosolic#ABBREVIATION:Epx.1# citations: AUTHORS:Wu W, Chen Y, Hazen SL.#TITLE:Eosinophil peroxidase nitrates protein tyrosyl residues. Implications for oxidative damage by nitrating intermediates in eosinophilic inflammatory disorders. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10464338# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8288.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Peroxidase (multiple substrates)

650550
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

650538
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746221

746221
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Formaldehyde_CH2O

650526
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747511

650514
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595

750619
type: Reaction
product: 534873
product: 534861
reactant: 534849
reactant: 534837
notes: Abbreviation: R_TYRDOPO3 Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.14.18.1 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : (2) 34dhphe + o2 --> (2) dopaqn + (2) h2o Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_7299#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TYR#ECNUMBERS:1.14.18.1# proteins: NAME:tyrosinase#ABBREVIATION:Tyr.1# citations: AUTHORS:Aaron Bunsen Lerner, Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, Evan Calkins, and William H. Summerson#TITLE:MAMMALIAN TYROSINASE: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES#JOURNAL:J. Biol. Chem#YEAR:1949# AUTHORS:Pomerantz SH#TITLE:The tyrosine hydroxylase activity of mammalian tyrosinase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1968#PUBMED:5294951# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7299.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Tyrosine:dopa oxidase (dopaquinone producing 2)

534873
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

534861
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746014

746014
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dopaquinone_C9H9NO4

534849
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

534837
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744086

755363
type: Reaction
product: 648019
product: 648007
reactant: 647995
reactant: 647983
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLUt2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: glu-L[c] + h[c] <==> glu-L[m] + h[m] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8604#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A12# LOCUS:_83733#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A18# LOCUS:_79751#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A22# LOCUS:_10165#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A13# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25 member 12, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a12.1-m# NAME: solute carrier family 25 member 13, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a13.1-m# NAME:solute carrier family 25 member 22, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a22.1-m# NAME:solute carrier family 25 member 18, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a18.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (83733.1) or (8604.1) or (79751.1) or (10165.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-glutamate reversible transport via proton symport, mitochondrial

648019
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

648007
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438

647995
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

647983
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

757058
type: Reaction
product: 688022
reactant: 688010
notes: Abbreviation: R_PHEtec Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: phe-L[e] <==> phe-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_124935#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A2# LOCUS:_117247#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A10# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 10#ABBREVIATION:Slc16a10.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Bodoy S, Martin L, Zorzano A, Palacin M, Estevez R, Bertran J#TITLE:Identification of LAT4, a novel amino acid transporter with system L activity#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15659399# AUTHORS:Hediger MA, Romero MF, Peng JB, Rolfs A, Takanaga H, Bruford EA#TITLE:The ABCs of solute carriers: physiological, pathological and therapeutic implications of human membrane transport proteinsIntroduction#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14624363# AUTHORS:Kim do K, Kanai Y, Matsuo H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto A, Cha SH, Goya T, Endou H#TITLE:The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11827462# GENE ASSOCIATION: (124935.1) or (117247.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-phenylalanine transport via diffusion (extracellular to cytosol)

688022
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748053

748053
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Phenylalanine_C9H11NO2

688010
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748055

750070
type: Reaction
product: 521581
reactant: 521569
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dag_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dag_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: diacylglycerol (homo sapiens) exchange

521581
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749401

749401
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C3H6OFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

521569
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745692

745692
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C3H6OFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

751023
type: Reaction
product: 544136
reactant: 544124
notes: Abbreviation: R_GULNter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: guln[r] --> guln[c] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-gulonate endoplasmic reticular export

544136
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746587

544124
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746589

746589
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: L-Gulonate_C6H11O7

756994
type: Reaction
product: 686491
reactant: 686479
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLXtp Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: glx[c] <==> glx[x] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Baker PR, Cramer SD, Kennedy M, Assimos DG, Holmes RP.#TITLE:Glycolate and glyoxylate metabolism in HepG2 cells.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15240345# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glyoxylate transport, peroxisomal

686491
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746449

686479
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746447

754495
type: Reaction
product: 627480
reactant: 627468
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_chsterol_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : chsterol <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Cholesterol exchange

627480
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749353

749353
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Cholesterol_C27H46O

627468
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745330

745330
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Cholesterol_C27H46O

748809
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: testosterone glucuronide_C25H36O8

750859
type: Reaction
product: 540333
product: 540321
reactant: 540309
reactant: 540297
notes: Abbreviation: R_SIAASE Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 3.2.1.18 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Degradation Equation: [c] : (2) h2o + s2l2n2m2mn --> (2) acnam + l2n2m2mn Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4759#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU2# LOCUS:_129807#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU4# proteins: NAME:sialidase 2 (sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Neu2.1# NAME:sialidase 4 (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Neu4.1# citations: AUTHORS:Monti E, Preti A, Rossi E, Ballabio A, Borsani G.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of NEU2, a human gene homologous to rodent soluble sialidases.#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10191093# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4759.1) or (129807.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: sialidase

540333
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747201

747201
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: de-Fuc, reducing GlcNAc removed, de-Sia form of PA6 (w/o peptide linkage)_C54H91N3O41

540321
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744768

540309
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748405

748405
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: de-Fuc, reducing GlcNAc removed form of PA6 (w/o peptide linkage)_C76H123N5O57

540297
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607

756984
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT910g Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.4.1.152 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : fucgalacglc13galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fucfucgalacglc13galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10690#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT9#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.152# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 9 (alpha(,13) fucosyltransferase)#ABBREVIATION:Fut9.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kaneko M, Kudo T, Iwasaki H, Ikehara Y, Nishihara S, Nakagawa S, Sasaki K, Shiina T, Inoko H, Saitou N, Narimatsu H.#TITLE:Alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (Fuc-TIX) is very highly conserved between human and mouse; molecular cloning, characterization and tissue distribution of human Fuc-TIX.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10386598# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10690.1)
product: 686212
reactant: 686200
name: Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 686224
product: 686236
reactant: 686188

686212
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746287

746287
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (Gal)4 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)3 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C84H145N4O50FULLRCO

686200
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408

686224
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746403

686236
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

686188
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746298

746298
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (Gal)4 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)3 (LFuc)1 (Cer)1_C78H135N4O46FULLRCO

745628
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA) proteoglycan_C45H66N2O45S3X

756212
type: Reaction
product: 667684
product: 667672
reversible: false
name: folylpolyglutamate synthetase (10fthf)
product: 667696
reactant: 667636
product: 667708
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FPGS7 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.2.17 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [c] : 10fthf + (4) atp + (4) glu-L --> 10fthf5glu + (4) adp + (4) h + (4) pi Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_2356#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FPGS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.2.17# proteins: NAME:folylpolyglutamate synthase #ABBREVIATION:Fpgs.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:McGuire JJ, Russell CA, Balinska M.#TITLE:Human cytosolic and mitochondrial folylpolyglutamate synthetase are electrophoretically distinct. Expression in antifolate-sensitive and -resistant human cell lines.#JOURNAL: J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10777604# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2356.1)
reactant: 667648
reactant: 667660

667684
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 744818

667672
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743864

743864
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _10-formyltetrahydrofolate-[Glu](5)_C40H45N11O19

667696
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746625

667636
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743888

743888
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _10-Formyltetrahydrofolate_C20H21N7O7

667708
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 748091

667648
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 745114

667660
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746435

746441
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine_C8H13N2O5S

755557
type: Reaction
product: 652443
reactant: 652431
notes: Abbreviation: R_7DHCHSTEROLtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: _7dhchsterol[r] <==> 7dhchsterol[c] Confidence Level: 2 specific mechanism not known, proton dependence for trans-mit transport has been suggested, however directionality and stoichiometry has not yet been elucidated. see PMID: 12770731 and others NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cholesterol precursor intracellular transport

652443
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744452

744452
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _7-Dehydrocholesterol_C27H44O

652431
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744454

754321
type: Reaction
product: 623033
reactant: 623021
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: csn[e] <==> csn[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_3177#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a2.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Yao SY, Ng AM, Vickers MF, Sundaram M, Cass CE, Baldwin SA, Young JD.#TITLE:Functional and molecular characterization of nucleobase transport by recombinant human and rat equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12006583# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3177.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytosine transport via facilated diffusion

623033
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745610

623021
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745612

745612
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Cytosine_C4H5N3O

744904
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkyl 2-lysoglycerol 3-phosphocholine_C10H21O5NPFULLR

746166
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _16-Glucuronide-estriol_C24H32O9

746771
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 15_C49H71N2O57S5

755797
type: Reaction
product: 658094
name: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 4-kinase
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI3P4K Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + pail3p_hs --> adp + h + pail34p_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD FULLR corresponds to acyl/R groups in texts. NJ changed EC from 2.7.1.149 (pail5p) to 2.7.1.68 (pail4p) - NCD genes: LOCUS:_8394#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIP5K1A#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.68# LOCUS:_5297#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK4CA#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.67,2.7.1.68# LOCUS:_23396#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIP5K1C# LOCUS:_5298#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK4CB# LOCUS:_55361#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PI4KII# LOCUS:_8395#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIP5K1B# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, gamma #ABBREVIATION:Pip5k1c.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Pik4ca.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, beta polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Pik4cb.1# NAME:phosphtaidylinositol 4-kinase, type II#ABBREVIATION:Pi4kii.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, beta#ABBREVIATION:Pip5k1b.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha#ABBREVIATION:Pip5k1a.1# citations: AUTHORS:Tolias KF, Cantley LC#TITLE:Pathways for phosphoinositide synthesis#JOURNAL:Chem Phys Lipids#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10358929# AUTHORS:Zhang X, Loijens JC, Boronenkov IV, Parker GJ, Norris FA, Chen J, Thum O, Prestwich GD, Majerus PW, Anderson RA#TITLE:Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase isozymes catalyze the synthesis of 3-phosphate-containing phosphatidylinositol signaling molecules#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9211928# AUTHORS:Rameh LE, Tolias KF, Duckworth BC, Cantley LC#TITLE:A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate#JOURNAL:Nature#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9367159# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55361.1) or (5297.1) or (8394.1) or (23396.1) or (8395.1) or (5298.1)
reactant: 658046
fast: false
product: 658082
product: 658070
reactant: 658058
reversible: false

658094
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747933

747933
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H14O15P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

658046
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

658082
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

658070
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

658058
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747943

749465
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Ethanolamine phosphate_C2H7NO4P

756406
type: Reaction
product: 672433
reactant: 672421
notes: Abbreviation: R_HDCEAtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: hdcea[e] <==> hdcea[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion

672433
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746667

746667
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hexadecenoate (n-C16:1)_C16H29O2

672421
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746669

756184
type: Reaction
product: 667042
product: 667030
reactant: 667018
reactant: 667006
notes: Abbreviation: R_LTC4CP Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: Eicosanoid Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + leuktrC4 <==> gly + leuktrF4 Confidence Level: 2 Converts leukotriene C4 (LTC4) to leukotriene F4 (LTF4). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Reddanna P, Prabhu KS, Whelan J, Reddy CC.#TITLE:Carboxypeptidase A-catalyzed direct conversion of leukotriene C4 to leukotriene F4.#JOURNAL:Arch Biochem Biophys.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12729612# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Leukotriene C4 carboxypeptidase

667042
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747269

747269
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: leukotriene F4_C28H42N2O8S

667030
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746450

667018
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747257

747257
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Leukotriene C4_C30H45N3O9S

667006
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

747459
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: monoacylglycerol 2 (homo sapiens)_C3H7O2FULLR2CO2

751977
type: Reaction
product: 567003
reactant: 566991
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_mag_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : mag_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: monoacylglycerol 2 (homo sapiens) exchange

567003
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749669

749669
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: monoacylglycerol 2 (homo sapiens)_C3H7O2FULLR2CO2

566991
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747459

756396
type: Reaction
product: 672192
product: 672180
reactant: 672168
reactant: 672156
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGT6 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: Eicosanoid Metabolism Equation: [c] : glu-L + leuktrE4 <==> h2o + leuktrF4 Confidence Level: 2 Converts leukotriene E4 (LTE4) to leukotriene D4 (LTE4). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Reddanna P, Prabhu KS, Whelan J, Reddy CC.#TITLE:Carboxypeptidase A-catalyzed direct conversion of leukotriene C4 to leukotriene F4.#JOURNAL:Arch Biochem Biophys.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12729612# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Gamma-glutamyltransferase

672192
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747269

672180
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

672168
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747267

747267
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: leukotriene E4_C23H36NO5S

672156
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

752645
type: Reaction
product: 583009
reactant: 582997
notes: Abbreviation: R_LYStn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: lys-L[c] <==> lys-L[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-lysine transport, nuclear

583009
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747371

747371
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: L-Lysine_C6H15N2O2

582997
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747365

747365
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Lysine_C6H15N2O2

744266
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde_C8H8O2

755013
type: Reaction
reactant: 639782
product: 639794
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEXA20ly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + ksii_core2_deg3 --> acgam + h + ksii_core2_deg5 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 Note that this reaction is specific to beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A and cannot be catalyzed by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B (or presumably beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S). This is also a lumped reaction, representing the cleavage of GalNAc4S or GalNAc6S and N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase or 6-sulfatase. NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1)
product: 639806
reactant: 639770
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal
product: 639818
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 639830

639782
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747123

747123
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate II (core 2-linked), degradation product 3_C58H94N5O46S2X

639794
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712

639806
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

639770
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613

639818
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747127

747127
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate II (core 2-linked), degradation product 5_C50H82N4O38SX

639830
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483

744572
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: R total Coenzyme A_CO2FULLRC21H31N7O15P3S

749415
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Deoxyguanosine_C10H13N5O4

756520
type: Reaction
product: 675041
reactant: 675029
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ala_DASH_D_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ala-D <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Alanine exchange

675041
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749275

675029
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744932

744932
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Alanine_C3H7NO2

752249
type: Reaction
product: 573438
product: 573426
reactant: 573414
reactant: 573402
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPODMe Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.15.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: ROS Detoxification Equation: [e] : (2) h + (2) o2s --> h2o2 + o2 Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_6649#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SOD3#ECNUMBERS:1.15.1.1# proteins: NAME:superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Sod3.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Fridovich I#TITLE:Superoxide anion radical (O2-.), superoxide dismutases, and related matters#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9228011# AUTHORS:Zelko IN, Mariani TJ, Folz RJ#TITLE:Superoxide dismutase multigene family: a comparison of the CuZn-SOD (SOD1), Mn-SOD (SOD2), and EC-SOD (SOD3) gene structures, evolution, and expression#JOURNAL:Free Radic Biol Med#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12126755# AUTHORS:Hjalmarsson K, Marklund SL, Engstrom A, Edlund T#TITLE:Isolation and sequence of complementary DNA encoding human extracellular superoxide dismutase#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3476950# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6649.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: superoxide dismutase, extracellular

573438
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747797

747797
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: O2_O2

573426
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746597

573414
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747809

747809
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Superoxide anion_O2

573402
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746627

747667
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nicotinate_C6H4NO2

744114
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-3-Amino-isobutanoate_C4H9NO2

749467
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Ethanol_C2H6O

754081
type: Reaction
product: 617252
reactant: 617240
notes: Abbreviation: R_LNLCt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: lnlc[e] <==> lnlc[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Linoleic acid (n-C18:2) transport in via diffusion

617252
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747313

617240
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747315

747315
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: linoleic acid (all cis C18:2) n-6_C18H31O2

748517
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Sphingosine 1-phosphate_C18H37NO5P

750006
type: Reaction
reactant: 520108
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Citric Acid Cycle Equation: [m] : accoa + h2o + oaa --> cit + coa + h Confidence Level: 0 IF old EC number (4.1.3.7) is obsolete -- transferred to 2.3.3.1 NCD genes: LOCUS:_1431#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CS#ECNUMBERS:4.1.3.7# LOCUS:_1431#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CS#ECNUMBERS:4.1.3.7# proteins: NAME:citrate synthase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Cs.1-m# NAME:citrate synthase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Cs.2-m# citations: AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1431.1) or (1431.2)
fast: false
product: 520144
product: 520120
reactant: 520096
product: 520132
name: citrate synthase
reactant: 520084

520108
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747819

520144
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

520120
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745352

745352
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Citrate_C6H5O7

520096
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

520132
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428

520084
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652

755197
type: Reaction
name: ABC transporter
fast: false
reactant: 644166
product: 644214
notes: Abbreviation: R_ESTRONEGLCt Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: atp[c] + estroneglc[c] + h2o[c] --> adp[c] + estroneglc[e] + h[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 for bile acid secretion into bile NJ genes: LOCUS:_8714#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABCC3# LOCUS:_8714#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ABCC3# LOCUS:_8714#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ABCC3# proteins: NAME:ABC, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Abcc3.1# NAME:ABC, sub-family C, (CFTR/MRP), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Abcc3.2# NAME:ABC, sub-family C, (CFTR/MRP), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Abcc3.3# citations: AUTHORS:Kiuchi Y, Suzuki H, Hirohashi T, Tyson CA, Sugiyama Y.#TITLE:cDNA cloning and inducible expression of human multidrug resistance associated protein 3 (MRP3).#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9738950# AUTHORS:Uchiumi T, Hinoshita E, Haga S, Nakamura T, Tanaka T, Toh S, Furukawa M, Kawabe T, Wada M, Kagotani K, Okumura K, Kohno K, Akiyama S, Kuwano M.#TITLE:Isolation of a novel human canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter, cMOAT2/MRP3, and its expression in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells with decreased ATP-dependent drug transport.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9813153# AUTHORS:Scheffer GL, Kool M, de Haas M, de Vree JM, Pijnenborg AC, Bosman DK, Elferink RP, van der Valk P, Borst P, Scheper RJ.#TITLE:Tissue distribution and induction of human multidrug resistant protein 3.#JOURNAL:Lab Invest.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11850532# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8714.1) or (8714.3) or (8714.2)
reactant: 644142
product: 644178
product: 644202
reactant: 644154
reversible: false
product: 644190

644166
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

644214
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

644142
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

644178
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

644202
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

644154
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746174

746174
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: estrone glucuronide_C24H30O8

644190
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746176

753283
type: Reaction
product: 598026
product: 598014
reactant: 598002
reactant: 597989
notes: Abbreviation: R_DLNLCGCPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + dlnlcgcoa --> coa + dlnlcgcrn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.3) or (1375.4) or (126129.1) or (1374.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

598026
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745928

745928
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dihomo-gamma-linolenyl carnitine_C27H47NO4

598014
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

598002
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745924

745924
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dihomo-gamma-linolenyl coenzyme A_C41H64N7O17P3S

597989
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482

749623
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: IMP_C10H11N4O8P

755447
type: Reaction
product: 649898
reactant: 649886
notes: Abbreviation: R_PAIL_HStn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: pail_hs[c] <==> pail_hs[n] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: phosphatidylinositol nuclear transport (diffusion)

649898
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747967

649886
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747965

747617
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-D-Mannosyldiacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human uterine homolog_C1245H2040N20O220P20

750212
type: Reaction
product: 524923
reactant: 524911
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARACHDt2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: arachd[e] <==> arachd[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion

524923
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745066

524911
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745068

745068
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: arachidonic acid_C20H31O2

747109
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: keratan sulfate I biosynthesis, precursor 5_C101H164N7O75SX

752561
type: Reaction
product: 581247
reactant: 581235
notes: Abbreviation: R_FRUt1r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: fru[e] <==> fru[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_155184#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC2A7# LOCUS:_66035#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC2A11# LOCUS:_6514#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC2A2# LOCUS:_6518#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC2A5# LOCUS:_29988#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC2A8# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc2a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose/fructose transporter), member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc2a5.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 7, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc2a7.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 2, (facilitated glucose transporter) member 8, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc2a8.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 11, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc2a11.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Hosokawa M, Thorens B#TITLE:Glucose release from GLUT2-null hepatocytes: characterization of a major and a minor pathway#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11882499# AUTHORS:Guillam MT, Burcelin R, Thorens B#TITLE:Normal hepatic glucose production in the absence of GLUT2 reveals an alternative pathway for glucose release from hepatocytes#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9770484# AUTHORS:Uldry M, Thorens B#TITLE:The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12750891# AUTHORS:Uldry M, Ibberson M, Hosokawa M, Thorens B#TITLE:GLUT2 is a high affinity glucosamine transporter#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12135767# AUTHORS:Fukumoto H, Seino S, Imura H, Seino Y, Eddy RL, Fukushima Y, Byers MG, Shows TB, Bell GI#TITLE:Sequence, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of mRNA encoding a human glucose transporter-like protein#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3399500# AUTHORS:Johnson JH, Newgard CB, Mi…
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-fructose transport in via uniport

581247
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746251

581235
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746252

746252
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Fructose_C6H12O6

744996
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Androsterone_C19H30O2

745976
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichol diphosphate, human uterine homolog_C1025H1670O70P20

748725
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2,3,4,5-Tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate_C6H8NO2

748221
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Prostaglandin D2_C20H31O5

749245
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _3',8'-LD1_C66H111N4O38FULLRCO

745854
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862

746186
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Electron transfer flavoprotein oxidized_R

749886
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Thyroxine_C15H11I4NO4

753977
type: Reaction
product: 614775
reactant: 614762
notes: Abbreviation: R_PRGNLONEtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: prgnlone[c] <==> prgnlone[r] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: pregnenolone intracellular transport

614775
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748175

748175
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Pregnenolone_C21H32O2

614762
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748171

748171
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Pregnenolone_C21H32O2

753547
type: Reaction
reactant: 603990
fast: false
name: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II)
product: 604026
notes: Abbreviation: R_SMPD3l Synonyms: _4 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [l] : h2o + sphmyln_hs --> cholp + crm_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_55512#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SMPD3# LOCUS:_55512#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SMPD3# proteins: NAME:sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) #ABBREVIATION:Smpd3.1# NAME:sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) #ABBREVIATION:Smpd3.2# citations: AUTHORS:Hofmann K, Tomiuk S, Wolff G, Stoffel W.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of the mammalian brain-specific, Mg2+-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10823942# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55512.1) or (55512.2)
reactant: 603978
product: 604014
reversible: false
product: 604002

603990
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748513

748513
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: sphingomyelin (homo sapiens)_C23H48N2O5PFULLRCO

604026
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

603978
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

604014
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745474

604002
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745326

745326
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Choline phosphate_C5H13NO4P

749862
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: taurochenodeoxycholate_C26H45NO6S

752105
type: Reaction
product: 570003
product: 569991
reactant: 569979
reactant: 569967
notes: Abbreviation: R_GAO1 Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : accoa + gd3_hs --> coa + oagd3_hs Confidence Level: 4 for humans - seq predicted SLC transporters have been found to have O-acetylation activity on gangliosides NJ genes: LOCUS:_9197#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC33A1# proteins: NAME:acetyl-CoA transporter/O-acetylator#ABBREVIATION:Slc33a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanamori A, Nakayama J, Fukuda MN, Stallcup WB, Sasaki K, Fukuda M, Hirabayashi Y#TITLE:Expression cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel membrane protein required for the formation of O-acetylated ganglioside: A putative acetyl-CoA-transporter#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci#YEAR:1997# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9197.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Ganglioside O-acetylation

570003
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747823

569991
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

569979
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746396

569967
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744648

744998
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Androsterone_C19H30O2

753591
type: Reaction
reactant: 605139
reactant: 605115
reactant: 605151
fast: false
reversible: false
reactant: 605127
product: 605175
product: 605187
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4502C94 Synonyms: _5 SUBSYSTEM: Limonene and pinene degradation Equation: [c] : appnn + h + nadph + o2 --> apnnox + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 assumed to take place on outer membrane NJ genes: LOCUS:_1557#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2C19#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# LOCUS:_1559#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2C9#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2c19.1# NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2c9.1# citations: AUTHORS:Rendic S.#TITLE:Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data.#JOURNAL:Drug Metab Rev#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11996015# AUTHORS:Miyazawa M, Shindo M, Shimada T.#TITLE:Metabolism of (+)- and (-)-limonenes to respective carveols and perillyl alcohols by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes.#JOURNAL:Drug Metab Dispos#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11950794# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1559.1) or (1557.1)
product: 605163
name: cytochrome P450 2C9

605139
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

605115
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745032

745032
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (+)-alpha-Pinene_C10H16

605151
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

605127
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

605175
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

605187
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

605163
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745016

745016
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Pinene-oxide_C10H16O

744490
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-2-Aminoadipate_C6H10NO4

750485
type: Reaction
product: 531672
product: 531660
reactant: 531648
reactant: 531636
notes: Abbreviation: R_DHORTS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.2.3 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : dhor-S + h2o <==> cbasp + h Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_790#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CAD1#ECNUMBERS:6.3.5.5,2.1.3.2,3.5.2.3# proteins: NAME:CAD protein (3.5.2.3, 2.1.3.2, 6.3.5.5)#ABBREVIATION:Cad1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Iwahana H, Fujimura M, Ii S, Kondo M, Moritani M, Takahashi Y, Yamaoka T, Yoshimoto K, Itakura M.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a human cDNA encoding a trifunctional enzyme of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase-aspartate transcarbamoylase-dihydroorotase in de Novo pyrimidine synthesis. #JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8619816# AUTHORS:Chen KC, Vannais DB, Jones C, Patterson D, Davidson JN.#TITLE:Mapping of the gene encoding the multifunctional protein carrying out the first three steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis to human chromosome 2. #JOURNAL: Hum Genet.#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2565865# GENE ASSOCIATION: (790.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dihydroorotase

531672
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

531660
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745248

745248
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate_C5H6N2O5

531648
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

531636
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745886

745886
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (S)-Dihydroorotate_C5H5N2O4

749247
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: disialyl galactosylgloboside (homo sapiens)_C72H121N4O43FULLRCO

749333
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-tocopherol_C28H48O2

743976
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate_C5H6NO2

749693
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nicotinate_C6H4NO2

754099
type: Reaction
product: 617684
product: 617672
reactant: 617660
reactant: 617648
notes: Abbreviation: R_ENMAN4g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : g1m7masnC + h2o --> glc1man + m6masnC Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Spiro RG#TITLE:Glucose residues as key determinants in the biosynthesis and quality control of glycoproteins with N-linked oligosaccharides.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11007802# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Endomannosidase (m6masnC-producing), Golgi apparatus

617684
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747427

617672
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746415

746415
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: glucose-1,3-mannose oligosaccharide_C12H22O11

617660
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611

617648
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746313

746313
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: glucosyl-(alpha-D-mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine, isoform C (protein)_C70H117N2O55X

747325
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Linolenic acid, C18:3, n-3_C18H29O2

753263
type: Reaction
name: Core 6 beta-GlcNAc-transferase A, Golgi apparatus
product: 597545
reactant: 597533
fast: false
product: 597569
reactant: 597521
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_CORE6GTg Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 2.4.1.102 SUBSYSTEM: O-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : Tn_antigen + uacgam --> core6 + h + udp Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2650#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GCNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.102# proteins: NAME:glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 (beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase), Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Gcnt1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Yeh JC, Ong E, Fukuda M#TITLE:Free Full Text Molecular cloning and expression of a novel beta-1, 6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that forms core 2, core 4, and I branches#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:9915862# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2650.1)
product: 597557

597545
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745446

597533
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855

597569
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

597521
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744598

597557
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

757020
type: Reaction
reactant: 687131
product: 687167
reactant: 687119
product: 687143
reversible: true
product: 687155
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL205 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + tmndnc <==> amp + ppi + tmndnccoa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2180.1)
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
reactant: 687107
fast: false

687131
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748755

687167
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748759

748759
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: timnodonyl coenzyme A_C41H60N7O17P3S

687119
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

687143
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976

687155
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137

687107
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

754489
type: Reaction
product: 627372
reactant: 627360
notes: Abbreviation: R_IDPtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: idp[c] <==> idp[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: IDP nuclear transport

627372
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746891

746891
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: IDP_C10H11N4O11P2

627360
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746885

746885
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: IDP_C10H11N4O11P2

753253
type: Reaction
name: _2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate:hydrogen peroxide oxireductase
reversible: false
reactant: 597254
product: 597290
fast: false
reactant: 597266
product: 597278
product: 597303
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOGULNO2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism Equation: [c] : 23doguln + h2o --> eryth + h + oxa Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Simpson GL, Ortwerth BJ#TITLE:The non-oxidative degradation of ascorbic acid at physiological conditions#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10727845# GENE ASSOCIATION:

597254
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743982

597290
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

597266
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

597278
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746148

746148
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Erythrulose_C4H8O4

597303
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747905

754315
type: Reaction
product: 622937
reactant: 622925
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_retfa_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : retfa <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid retinol exchange

622937
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749794

749794
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: fatty acid retinol_C20H29OFULLR2CO

622925
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748335

748335
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: fatty acid retinol_C20H29OFULLR2CO

755996
type: Reaction
product: 662911
product: 662887
name: alcohol dehydrogenase (D-1,2-propanediol)
product: 662899
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALCD21_D Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Pyruvate Metabolism Equation: [c] : 12ppd-R + nad --> h + lald-D + nadh Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_130#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH6#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_126#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH1C#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_125#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH1B#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_128#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH5#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_127#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH4#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_124#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH1A#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_131#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH7#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_284273#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ZADH2# LOCUS:_137872#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADHFE1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_284273#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ZADH2# proteins: NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase IV #ABBREVIATION:Adh4# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase V#ABBREVIATION:Adh5# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Adh1a.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase IB (class I), beta polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Adh1b.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Adh1c.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V)#ABBREVIATION:Adh6.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Adh7.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing, 1 (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Adhfe1.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Adh1ab.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Adh1ac# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Adh1bc# NAME:zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Zadh2.1# NAME:zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Zadh2.2# citations: AUTHORS:Ewaschuk JB, Naylor JM, Zello GA#TITLE:D-lactate in human and ruminant metabolism#JOURNAL:J Nutr#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15987839# AUTHORS:Christopher MM, Eckfeldt JH, Eaton JW.#TITLE:Propylene glycol ingestion causes D-lactic acidosis#JOURNAL:Lab Invest.#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2296157# GENE ASSOCIATION: (130.1) or (284273.2) or (126.1) or (131.1) or (124.1) or (125.1 and 124.1) or (125.1 and 126.1) or (1…
reactant: 662875
reversible: false
reactant: 662863
fast: false

662911
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681

662887
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

662899
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747219

662875
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669

662863
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743918

743918
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (R)-Propane-1,2-diol_C3H8O2

751299
type: Reaction
product: 550620
product: 550608
reactant: 550596
reactant: 550583
notes: Abbreviation: R_APOC_DASH_LYS_DASH_BTNPm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Biotin Metabolism Equation: [m] : apoC-Lys_btn + h2o --> apoC + biocyt Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: proteolysis of apoC-Lys-btn, mitochondrial

550620
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745178

745178
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Biocytin_C16H28N4O4S

550608
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745030

550596
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615

550583
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745022

744654
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Acetyl-CoA_C23H34N7O17P3S

753333
type: Reaction
reactant: 599030
notes: Abbreviation: R_ATPasel Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.3.14 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: atp[c] + (3) h[c] + h2o[c] --> adp[c] + (4) h[l] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 RS/DK genes: LOCUS:_533#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V0B# LOCUS:_10312#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TCIRG1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_9296#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1F#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_523#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1A#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_51606#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1H#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_528#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1C1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_23545#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V0A2# LOCUS:_50617#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V0A4#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_9550#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1G1# LOCUS:_529#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1E1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_51382#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1D# LOCUS:_527#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V0C#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_8992#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V0E# LOCUS:_526#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1B2#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_535#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V0A1# LOCUS:_525#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1B1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_245972#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V0D2# LOCUS:_127124#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1G3# LOCUS:_534#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1G2# LOCUS:_9114#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V0D1# LOCUS:_90423#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1E2# LOCUS:_245973#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1C2# LOCUS:_127124#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1G3# LOCUS:_528#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1C1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_534#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1G2# LOCUS:_50617#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V0A4#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_50617#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V0A4#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_51606#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1H#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_51606#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ATP6V1H#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_10312#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:TCIRG1# proteins: NAME:ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal, V1Complex#ABBREVIATION:ATPase_V1Complex-…
reactant: 599042
reactant: 599018
product: 599066
name: V-type ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal
product: 599078
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 599054

599030
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746625

599042
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

599018
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

599066
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746630

599078
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

599054
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

752705
type: Reaction
reactant: 584347
fast: false
reactant: 584335
name: N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, lysosomal
reversible: true
product: 584371
product: 584359
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE13ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.14 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg12 <==> h + ksi_deg13 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2799#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.14# proteins: NAME:glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (Sanfilippo disease IIID), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Robertson DA, Freeman C, Nelson PV, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human glucosamine-6-sulfatase cDNA reveals homology with steroid sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3196333# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Clements PR, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689314# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Catalytic properties#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689315# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2799.1)
product: 584383

584347
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746961

746961
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 12_C174H279N12O153S9

584335
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

584371
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746963

746963
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 13_C174H280N12O150S8

584359
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

584383
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483

746416
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (2)[glucose-1,3]-mannose oligosaccharide_C18H32O16

749752
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Phenylalanine_C9H11NO2

751783
type: Reaction
product: 562415
product: 562403
reactant: 562391
reactant: 562379
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACOAD9m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.12 SUBSYSTEM: Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Metabolism Equation: [m] : fad + ibcoa --> 2mp2coa + fadh2 Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_27034#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAD8# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 8#ABBREVIATION:Acad8.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Andresen,B.S., Christensen,E., Corydon,T.J., Bross,P., etc.#TITLE:Isolated 2-methylbutyrylglycinuria caused by short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency....#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11013134# GENE ASSOCIATION: (34.1) or (27034.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (isobutyryl-CoA), mitochondrial

562415
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218

562403
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744060

744060
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858

562391
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746869

746869
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Isobutyryl-CoA_C25H38N7O17P3S

562379
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214

746468
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Glycolate_C2H3O3

745444
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 5_C16H27N2O10X

745080
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: C20:4 carnitine_C27H45NO4

744894
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole_C8H12N3O7P

745328
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Cholesterol_C27H46O

752911
type: Reaction
product: 589297
product: 589285
reactant: 589273
notes: Abbreviation: R_CITL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.3.6 SUBSYSTEM: Citric Acid Cycle Equation: [c] : cit --> ac + oaa Confidence Level: 0 JLR genes: LOCUS:_171425#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CLYBL# LOCUS:_171425#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CLYBL# proteins: NAME:citrate lyase beta like#ABBREVIATION:Clybl.1# NAME:citrate lyase beta like#ABBREVIATION:Clybl.2# citations: AUTHORS:Morikawa J, Nishimura Y, Uchida A, Tanaka T#TITLE:Molecular cloning of novel mouse and human putative citrate lyase beta-subunit#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11741334# GENE ASSOCIATION: (171425.1) or (171425.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Citrate lyase

589297
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747817

589285
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744622

589273
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745348

744778
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: VI3NeuAc-nLc6Cer_C69H118N4O40FULLRCO

747989
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Phosphatidylcholine (homo sapiens)_C8H18NO4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

755817
type: Reaction
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_P45027A12m Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 1.14.13.15 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [m] : nadp + xoltetrol --> h + nadph + thcholst Confidence Level: 4 from uniprot Russell - bile acid biosynthesis review paper in human recon citation db NJ genes: LOCUS:_1593#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP27A1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily A, polypeptide 1#ABBREVIATION:Cyp27a1.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1593.1)
product: 658650
reactant: 658614
reactant: 658626
product: 658638
product: 658662
reversible: false
name: _5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol 27-hydroxylase

658650
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703

658614
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693

658626
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749053

749053
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestane_C27H48O4

658638
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

658662
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748683

748683
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al_C27H46O4

754025
type: Reaction
product: 615921
product: 615909
reactant: 615897
reactant: 615885
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALASE20ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + ksii_core4_deg2 --> (2) gal + ksii_core4_deg3 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850#…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-galactosidase, lysosomal

615921
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747167

747167
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate II (core 4-linked), degradation product 3_C66H107N6O51S2X

615909
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746340

615897
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747165

747165
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate II (core 4-linked), degradation product 2_C78H127N6O61S2X

615885
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613

749113
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: zymosterol_C27H44O

745600
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), precursor 3_C37H52NO43S4X

750759
type: Reaction
product: 538095
reactant: 538083
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_prostge1_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : prostge1 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Prostaglandin E1 exchange

538095
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749774

749774
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Prostaglandin E1_C20H33O5

538083
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748225

748225
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Prostaglandin E1_C20H33O5

754955
type: Reaction
reactant: 638352
name: glycine reversible transport via sodium and chloride symport (2:1:1)
reversible: true
product: 638388
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLYt7_LPAREN_211_RPAREN_r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: cl[e] + gly[e] + (2) na1[e] <==> cl[c] + gly[c] + (2) na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_6536#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A9# LOCUS:_6536#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A9# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, glycine), member 9#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a9.1# NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, glycine), member 9#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a9.2# citations: AUTHORS:Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW#TITLE:Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12719981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6536.1) or (6536.2)
reactant: 638340
product: 638400
reactant: 638364
product: 638376

638352
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746451

746451
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Glycine_C2H5NO2

638388
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746450

638340
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745362

638400
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747657

638364
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659

638376
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745360

754623
type: Reaction
product: 630327
reactant: 630315
notes: Abbreviation: R_EBASTINEOHte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ebastineoh[e] <==> ebastineoh[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, related cyp P450 metabolism reactions NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport

630327
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746108

746108
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: hydroxylated ebastine_C32H39NO3

630315
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746110

746110
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hydroxylated ebastine_C32H39NO3

752399
type: Reaction
product: 577093
product: 577081
fast: false
name: lipase, extracellular
notes: Abbreviation: R_LPS2e Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 3.1.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [e] : dag_hs + h2o --> Rtotal + h + mag_hs Confidence Level: 2 carbonyl and extra H accounted for in R group NJ genes: LOCUS:_3990#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LIPC#ECNUMBERS:3.1.1.3# proteins: NAME:lipase, hepatic#ABBREVIATION:Lipc.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ben-Zeev O, Doolittle MH.#TITLE:Maturation of hepatic lipase. Formation of functional enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum is the rate-limiting step in its secretion.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14630921# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3990.1)
reactant: 577068
reversible: false
product: 577105
reactant: 577056

577093
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627

577081
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744564

744564
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: R total_CO2FULLR

577068
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609

577105
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747459

577056
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745692

754835
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 635495
reversible: false
reactant: 635471
reactant: 635447
notes: Abbreviation: R_DADAe Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [e] : dad-2 + h + h2o --> din + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 adenosine deaminase has been found on cell surface in human (Gonzales-Gronow et al, JBC, 2004,279,20993-20998). IT genes: LOCUS:_100#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADA#ECNUMBERS:3.5.4.4# proteins: NAME:adenosine deaminase #ABBREVIATION:Ada.1# citations: AUTHORS:Gonzalez-Gronow M, Hershfield MS, Arredondo-Vega FX, Pizzo SV.#TITLE:Cell surface adenosine deaminase binds and stimulates plasminogen activation on 1-LN human prostate cancer cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15016824# AUTHORS:Iwaki-Egawa S, Watanabe Y.#TITLE:Characterization and purification of adenosine deaminase 1 from human and chicken liver.#JOURNAL:Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12381379# GENE ASSOCIATION: (100.1)
product: 635483
reactant: 635459
name: Deoxyadenosine deaminase, extracellular

635495
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747723

635471
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609

635447
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745678

635483
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745910

745910
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Deoxyinosine_C10H12N4O4

635459
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627

747939
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H14O15P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

744052
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cis-2-Methylaconitate_C7H5O6

753093
type: Reaction
reactant: 593585
product: 593693
product: 593669
reactant: 593621
reversible: false
reactant: 593609
fast: false
reactant: 593597
name: Beta oxidation of fatty acid
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC182806m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : (5) coa + (3) fad + (5) h2o + lnlccoa + (5) nad --> (5) accoa + (3) fadh2 + (5) h + (5) nadh + occoa Confidence Level: 4 c18:2,n-6 -> c8:0 - 5 rounds of beta ox, lose 2 degrees of unsat - only 3 fad oxidized 4 step FAO lumped also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (34.1) or (35.1)
product: 593645
product: 593681
reactant: 593633
product: 593657

593585
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 745428

593693
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747837

593669
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746631

593621
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747319

593609
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746615

593597
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746214

593645
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 744652

593681
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747683

593633
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747673

593657
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746218

754863
type: Reaction
product: 636099
product: 636087
reactant: 636075
reactant: 636063
notes: Abbreviation: R_APOC_DASH_LYS_DASH_BTNP Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Biotin Metabolism Equation: [c] : apoC-Lys_btn + h2o --> apoC + biocyt Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: proteolysis of apoC-Lys-btn

636099
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745174

636087
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745028

636075
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

636063
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745020

753641
type: Reaction
product: 606437
reactant: 606425
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_creat_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : creat <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Creatine exchange

606437
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749371

749371
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Creatine_C4H9N3O2

606425
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745466

756792
type: Reaction
reversible: false
name: ethanolamine phosphotransferase
reactant: 681393
notes: Abbreviation: R_CEPTE Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : cdpea + dag_hs --> cmp + h + pe_hs Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10390#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CEPT1# proteins: NAME:choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase#ABBREVIATION:Cept1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Henneberry AL, McMaster CR#TITLE:Cloning and expression of a human choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase: synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10390.1)
product: 681417
reactant: 681405
product: 681441
product: 681429
fast: false

681393
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745280

681417
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745382

681405
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745690

681441
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748011

748011
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidylethanolamine (homo sapiens)_C5H12NO4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

681429
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

748149
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _5-Diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate_C6H6O27P7

749561
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) signal sequence (C-terminal peptide)_Y

751563
type: Reaction
product: 557136
product: 557124
reactant: 557112
reactant: 557100
notes: Abbreviation: R_VACCCPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + vacccoa --> coa + vacccrn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.3) or (1375.4) or (126129.1) or (1374.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

557136
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748961

748961
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Vaccenyl carnitine_C25H47NO4

557124
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

557112
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748957

557100
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482

745224
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862

751269
type: Reaction
product: 549956
product: 549943
reactant: 549931
reactant: 549919
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCAASE5ly Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.2.1.31 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cs_c_deg2 + h2o --> cs_c_deg3 + glcur Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2990#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUSB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.31# proteins: NAME:glucuronidase, beta, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gusb.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Guise KS, Korneluk RG, Waye J, Lamhonwah AM, Quan F, Palmer R, Ganschow RE, Sly WS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Isolation and expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA clone encoding human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3924735# AUTHORS:Ho YC, Ho LH, Ho KJ#TITLE:Human hepatic beta-glucuronidase: an enzyme kinetic study#JOURNAL:Enzyme#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3987656# AUTHORS:Oshima A, Kyle JW, Miller RD, Hoffmann JW, Powell PP, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Tropak M, Guise KS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3468507# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2990.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-glucuronidase, lysosomal

549956
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746427

549943
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745548

745548
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA), degradation product 3_C31H48NO32S2

549931
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

549919
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745546

745546
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA), degradation product 2_C37H55NO38S2

750953
type: Reaction
product: 542444
reactant: 542432
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_strch1_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : strch1 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: starch, structure 1 (1,6-{7[1,4-Glc], 4[1,4-Glc]}) exchange

542444
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749840

542432
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748541

748541
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: starch, structure 1 (1,6-{7[1,4-Glc], 4[1,4-Glc]})_C66H112O56

751481
type: Reaction
product: 555056
reactant: 555044
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dad_DASH_5_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dad-5 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5'-Deoxyadenosine exchange

555056
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749399

749399
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _5'-Deoxyadenosine_C10H13N5O3

555044
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745682

745682
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _5'-Deoxyadenosine_C10H13N5O3

747433
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (alpha-D-mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine, isoform A (protein)_C64H107N2O50X

745276
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CDP diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C12H17N3O11P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

751471
type: Reaction
product: 554836
product: 554824
reactant: 554812
reactant: 554800
notes: Abbreviation: R_NDPK9 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.6 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : atp + idp <==> adp + itp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_29922#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME7# LOCUS:_4831#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME2# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME1# LOCUS:_4832#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME3# LOCUS:_10201#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME6# LOCUS:_29922#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NME7# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NME1# proteins: NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase AB #ABBREVIATION:NME12.1# NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase AB#ABBREVIATION:NME12.2# NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3#ABBREVIATION:NME3.1# NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6#ABBREVIATION:NME6.1# NAME:Nucleoside phosphate kinase 7#ABBREVIATION:NME7.1# NAME:Nucleoside phosphate kinase 7#ABBREVIATION:NME7.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (29922.2) or (10201.1) or (4831.1 and 4830.1) or (4832.1) or (4831.1 and 4830.2) or (29922.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (ATP:IDP)

554836
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746939

554824
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

554812
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746885

554800
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

751659
type: Reaction
product: 559611
product: 559599
reactant: 559587
reactant: 559575
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACT7p Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.16 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [x] : 3ohdcoa + coa --> accoa + tdcoa Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# proteins: NAME:acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1#ABBREVIATION:Acaa1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bout A, Franse MM, Collins J, Blonden L, Tager JM, Benne R.#TITLE:Characterization of the gene encoding human peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase (ACAA). No large DNA rearrangement in a thiolase-deficient patient.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1679347# GENE ASSOCIATION: (30.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: acetyl-CoA acyltransferase (tetradecanoyl-CoA), peroxisomal

559611
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748621

748621
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Tetradecanoyl-CoA (n-C14:0CoA)_C35H58N7O17P3S

559599
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744658

559587
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434

559575
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744194

744194
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _3-Oxohexadecanoyl-CoA_C37H60N7O18P3S

755593
type: Reaction
product: 653346
reactant: 653334
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_Rtotal_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : Rtotal <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: R total exchange

653346
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749215

749215
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: R total_CO2FULLR

653334
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744564

744216
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Sulfopyruvate_C3H2O6S

750361
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_PIK3er Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 2.7.1.137 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [r] : atp + pail_hs --> adp + h + pail3p_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5287#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3C2B#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# proteins: NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 2, beta polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Pik3c2b.1-er# citations: AUTHORS:Arcaro A, Volinia S, Zvelebil MJ, Stein R, Watton SJ, Layton MJ, Gout I, Ahmadi K, Downward J, Waterfield MD#TITLE:Human phosphoinositide 3-kinase C2beta, the role of calcium and the C2 domain in enzyme activity#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9830063# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5287.1)
reactant: 528618
product: 528655
fast: false
product: 528667
reactant: 528631
product: 528643
name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, endoplasmic reticulum
reversible: false

528618
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745122

528655
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

528667
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747947

747947
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H15O12P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

528631
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747969

528643
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744826

744826
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: ADP_C10H12N5O10P2

754567
type: Reaction
product: 629072
reactant: 629060
notes: Abbreviation: R_ETOHtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: etoh[c] <==> etoh[x] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: ethanol reversible peroxisomal transport

629072
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746200

629060
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746196

750539
type: Reaction
product: 532976
reactant: 532964
notes: Abbreviation: R_LYStip Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: lys-L[c] --> lys-L[x] Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Yung-Feng Chang#TITLE:Lysine metabolism in the human and the monkey: Demonstration of pipecolic acid formation in the brain and other organs#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6811962# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-lysine transport, peroxisomal (irreversible)

532976
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747373

747373
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: L-Lysine_C6H15N2O2

532964
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747365

744522
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: R group 1 Coenzyme A homo sapiens_XCO2C21H31N7O15P3S

749061
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _7-alpha,25-Dihydroxycholesterol_C27H46O3

752289
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 574337
product: 574398
notes: Abbreviation: R_PRFGS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.5.3 SUBSYSTEM: IMP Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : atp + fgam + gln-L + h2o --> adp + fpram + glu-L + h + pi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_5198#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PFAS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.5.3# proteins: NAME:phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (FGAR amidotransferase) #ABBREVIATION:PfaS.1# citations: AUTHORS:Brodsky G, Barnes T, Bleskan J, Becker L, Cox M, Patterson D.#TITLE:The human GARS-AIRS-GART gene encodes two proteins which are differentially expressed during human brain development and temporally overexpressed in cerebellum of individuals with Down syndrome. #JOURNAL:Hum Mol Genet. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9328467# AUTHORS:Patterson D, Bleskan J, Gardiner K, Bowersox J.#TITLE:Human phosphoribosylformylglycineamide amidotransferase (FGARAT): regional mapping, complete coding sequence, isolation of a functional genomic clone, and DNA sequence analysis.#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10548741# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5198.1)
product: 574373
reactant: 574349
fast: false
name: phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase
product: 574361
product: 574410
product: 574385
reactant: 574325
reactant: 574312

574337
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429

574398
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

574373
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746246

746246
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-(Formamido)-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine_C8H15N3O8P

574349
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

574361
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

574410
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

574385
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435

574325
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746230

746230
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N2-Formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide_C8H13N2O9P

574312
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

756864
type: Reaction
product: 683045
reactant: 683033
notes: Abbreviation: R_AVITE2t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: avite2[e] --> avite2[c] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-tocotrienol (Vit. E) transport

683045
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745130

683033
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745132

745132
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: alpha-Tocotrienol_C29H44O2

750447
type: Reaction
product: 530907
product: 530895
reactant: 530883
reactant: 530871
notes: Abbreviation: R_ABTArm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.6.1.19 SUBSYSTEM: Glutamate metabolism Equation: [m] : 4abut + akg <==> glu-L + sucsal Confidence Level: 4 kh 1/6/03 genes: LOCUS:_18#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABAT#ECNUMBERS:2.6.19.4# LOCUS:_18#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ABAT#ECNUMBERS:2.6.19.4# proteins: NAME:_4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Abat.1-m# NAME:_4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Abat.2-m# citations: AUTHORS:Medina-Kauwe LK, Tobin AJ, De Meirleir L, Jaeken J, Jakobs C, Nyhan WL, Gibson KM.#TITLE:_4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-transaminase) deficiency.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10407778# AUTHORS:Osei,Y.D. , Churchich,J.E. #TITLE:Screening and sequence determination of a cDNA encoding the human brain 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase.#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7721088# GENE ASSOCIATION: (18.1) or (18.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _4-aminobutyrate transaminase, reversible (mitochondrial)

530907
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748573

748573
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Succinic semialdehyde_C4H5O3

530895
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438

530883
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916

530871
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744244

744244
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _4-Aminobutanoate_C4H9NO2

750729
type: Reaction
reactant: 537317
name: N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, lysosomal
reversible: true
product: 537353
product: 537341
reactant: 537304
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE21ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.14 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg36 <==> h + ksi_deg37 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2799#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.14# proteins: NAME:glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (Sanfilippo disease IIID), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Robertson DA, Freeman C, Nelson PV, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human glucosamine-6-sulfatase cDNA reveals homology with steroid sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3196333# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Clements PR, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689314# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Catalytic properties#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689315# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2799.1)
product: 537329
fast: false

537317
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747015

537353
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483

537341
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747017

747017
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 37_C62H104N4O46

537304
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

537329
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

746993
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: keratan sulfate I, degradation product 26_C110H179N7O93S4

756854
type: Reaction
reactant: 682769
name: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-glycolipid alpha-mannosyltransferase (liver)
product: 682793
fast: false
product: 682805
product: 682817
reactant: 682781
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLPMT4_Ler Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.4.1.130 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolmanp_L + (0.1) m7mpdol_L --> (0.1) dolp_L + h + (0.1) m8mpdol_L Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reversible: false

682769
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745996

682793
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746004

682805
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635

682817
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747449

747449
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (alpha-D-Mannosyl)8-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1780H2928N20O620P20

682781
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747441

747205
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (Gal)2-Xyl-L-Ser (protein)_C17H29O14X

744218
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-Sulfopyruvate_C3H2O6S

757431
type: Reaction
product: 696885
product: 696873
reactant: 696861
reactant: 696849
notes: Abbreviation: R_LNLNCACPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + lnlncacoa --> coa + lnlncacrn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.3) or (1375.4) or (126129.1) or (1374.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

696885
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747333

747333
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-linolenyl carnitine_C25H43NO4

696873
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422

696861
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747329

696849
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482

756772
type: Reaction
product: 680935
reactant: 680923
notes: Abbreviation: R_CAROtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: caro[e] <==> caro[c] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: beta-carotene transport via diffusion

680935
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745240

745240
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-Carotene_C40H56

680923
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745242

745242
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: beta-Carotene_C40H56

750603
type: Reaction
product: 534486
reactant: 534474
notes: Abbreviation: R_O2tp Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: o2[c] <==> o2[x] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: O2 transport, peroxisomal

534486
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747805

534474
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795

749063
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _7-alpha,25-Dihydroxycholesterol_C27H46O3

757226
type: Reaction
product: 692098
name: deoxycytidine deaminase
reactant: 692074
reactant: 692086
reversible: false
product: 692110
notes: Abbreviation: R_DCYTD Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Catabolism Equation: [c] : dcyt + h + h2o --> duri + nh4 Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_978#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CDA#ECNUMBERS:3.5.4.5# LOCUS:_57379#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AICDA# proteins: NAME:cytidine deaminase #ABBREVIATION:Cda.1# NAME:activation-induced cytidine deaminase #ABBREVIATION:Aicda.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kuhn K, Bertling WM, Emmrich F.#TITLE:Cloning of a functional cDNA for human cytidine deaminase (CDD) and its use as a marker of monocyte/macrophage differentiation.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8422236# AUTHORS:Saccone S, Besati C, Andreozzi L, Della Valle G, Garattini E, Terao M.#TITLE:Assignment of the human cytidine deaminase (CDA) gene to chromosome 1 band p35-p36.2.#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8001985# AUTHORS:Laliberte J, Momparler RL.#TITLE:Human cytidine deaminase: purification of enzyme, cloning, and expression of its complementary DNA.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7923172# AUTHORS:Ge Y, Jensen TL, Stout ML, Flatley RM, Grohar PJ, Ravindranath Y, Matherly LH, Taub JW. #TITLE:The role of cytidine deaminase and GATA1 mutations in the increased cytosine arabinoside sensitivity of Down syndrome myeloblasts and leukemia cell lines.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14744791# AUTHORS:Brar SS, Watson M, Diaz M.#TITLE:Activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) is actively exported out of the nucleus but retained by the induction of DNA breaks.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15087440# GENE ASSOCIATION: (978.1) or (57379.1)
fast: false
reactant: 692062

692098
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746074

692074
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

692086
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

692110
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721

692062
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745752

745752
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Deoxycytidine_C9H13N3O4

756004
type: Reaction
product: 663163
product: 663151
reactant: 663139
reactant: 663127
notes: Abbreviation: R_SO4t4_3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (3) na1[e] + so4[e] <==> (3) na1[c] + so4[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6561#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC13A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporters), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc13a1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Lee A, Beck L, Markovich D#TITLE:The human renal sodium sulfate cotransporter (SLC13A1; hNaSi-1) cDNA and gene: organization, chromosomal localization, and functional characterization#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11161786# AUTHORS:Pajor AM#TITLE:Molecular properties of sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporters#JOURNAL:J Membr Biol#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10811962# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6561.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sulfate transport via sodium symport

663163
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748479

663151
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747657

663139
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748481

663127
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747659

757371
type: Reaction
product: 695535
product: 695523
reactant: 695511
reactant: 695499
notes: Abbreviation: R_PIt2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: h[c] + pi[c] <==> h[m] + pi[m] Confidence Level: 4 Symport IF genes: LOCUS:_5250#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A3# LOCUS:_5250#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A3# LOCUS:_5250#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A3# LOCUS:_5250#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A3# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25 (phosphate carrier) member 3, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a3.1-m# NAME:Solute carrier family 25 (phosphate carrier) member 3, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a3.2-m# NAME:Solute carrier family 25 (phosphate carrier) member 3, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a3.3-m# NAME:Solute carrier family 25 (phosphate carrier) member 3, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a3.4-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5250.4) or (5250.1) or (5250.3) or (5250.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: phosphate transporter, mitochondrial

695535
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099

695523
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

695511
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091

695499
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

755385
type: Reaction
product: 648489
reactant: 648477
notes: Abbreviation: R_LGNCt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: lgnc[e] <==> lgnc[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion

648489
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747271

648477
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747273

747273
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: lignoceric acid_C24H47O2

755335
type: Reaction
reactant: 647320
product: 647344
name: D-ribulokinase
notes: Abbreviation: R_RBK_D Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.47 SUBSYSTEM: Pentose and Glucuronate Interconversions Equation: [c] : atp + rbl-D --> adp + h + ru5p-D Confidence Level: 2 genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Huck JH, Roos B, Jakobs C, van der Knaap MS, Verhoeven NM#TITLE:Evaluation of pentitol metabolism in mammalian tissues provides new insight into disorders of human sugar metabolism#JOURNAL:Mol Genet Metab#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15234337# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 647356
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 647332
reactant: 647308

647320
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748327

748327
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Ribulose_C5H10O5

647344
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

647356
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748387

748387
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Ribulose 5-phosphate_C5H9O8P

647332
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

647308
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

745950
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4,8 dimethylnonanoyl-CoA_C32H54N7O17P3S

748067
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Protoheme_C34H30FeN4O4

756244
type: Reaction
reversible: true
product: 668553
name: Diacylglycerol phosphate kinase (homo sapiens)
reactant: 668517
product: 668565
product: 668541
reactant: 668529
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_DAGK_hs Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.107 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + dag_hs <==> adp + h + pa_hs Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1606#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKA#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.107# LOCUS:_9162#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKI# LOCUS:_1609#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKQ#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.107# LOCUS:_8525#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKZ# LOCUS:_8527#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKD# LOCUS:_1608#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKG#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.107# LOCUS:_8526#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKE#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.107# LOCUS:_160851#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKH# LOCUS:_1607#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKB#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.107# LOCUS:_8525#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:DGKZ# LOCUS:_8527#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:DGKD# LOCUS:_160851#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:DGKH# LOCUS:_1607#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:DGKB#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.107# LOCUS:_8525#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:DGKZ# proteins: NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, epsilon#ABBREVIATION:Dgke.1# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, zeta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkz.1# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, zeta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkz.2# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, zeta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkz.3# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, theta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkq.1# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, iota#ABBREVIATION:Dgki.1# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, eta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkh.1# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, eta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkh.2# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, gamma#ABBREVIATION:Dgkg.1# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, delta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkd.1# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, delta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkd.2# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, beta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkb.1# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, beta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkb.2# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, alpha#ABBREVIATION:Dgka.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Tang W, Bunting M, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a novel human diacylglycerol kinase highly selective for arachidonate-containing substrates#JOURNAL:Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:1996# GENE AS…

668553
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

668517
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114

668565
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747911

668541
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818

668529
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745690

755541
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 652069
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC2251836x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome Equation: [x] : (2) coa + dcsptn1coa + (2) h2o + (2) nad --> (2) accoa + (2) h + lnlncgcoa + (2) nadh Confidence Level: 4 _2 rounds of beta-ox, plus a loss of 2 degrees of desatuartion, so no fad is oxidized - in peroxisome, no fad, 1ste set of beta-ox is by acyl-coa oxidase (passes electrons directly to o2 -> h2o2) peroxisomal (very long chain FA) c22:5,n-6 -> c18:3, n-6 - final '6' in abbreviation indicates omega6 FA 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# LOCUS:_1962#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EHHADH#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17.1.1.1.# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal beta-oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.2-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.2-x# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (3295.1 and 30.1 and 51.2) or (51.1 and 30.1 and 1962.1) or (51.1 and 3295.1 and 30.1) or (30.1 and 51.2 and 1962.1)
fast: false
reactant: 652033
product: 652057
reactant: 652021
product: 652045
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
reactant: 652009
product: 652081
reactant: 651996

652069
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747345

747345
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: gamma-linolenoyl-CoA_C39H60N7O17P3S

652033
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747679

652057
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746637

652021
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746621

652045
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744658

652009
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745740

652081
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747687

651996
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745434

747859
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cis-octadec-11-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] (n-C18:1)_C29H53N2O8PRS

745142
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cis-beta-D-Glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate_C15H18O8

744592
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: trans-4-Hydroxycinnamate_C9H7O3

751755
type: Reaction
product: 561823
reactant: 561811
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_adp Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : adp <==> Confidence Level: TV genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: adp exchange

561823
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749255

749255
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: ADP_C10H12N5O10P2

561811
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744820

753833
type: Reaction
product: 611122
name: isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)
reactant: 611097
fast: false
product: 611109
reactant: 611085
notes: Abbreviation: R_ICDHy Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.42 SUBSYSTEM: Citric Acid Cycle Equation: [c] : icit + nadp --> akg + co2 + nadph Confidence Level: 4 Two reactions (ICDH1 and ICDH2) for isocitrate dehydrogenase genes: LOCUS:_3417#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:IDH1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.42# proteins: NAME:isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble#ABBREVIATION:Idh1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# AUTHORS:Geisbrecht BV, Gould SJ#TITLE:The human PICD gene encodes a cytoplasmic and peroxisomal NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10521434# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3417.1)
product: 611134
reversible: false

611122
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404

611097
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689

611109
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912

611085
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746871

611134
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701

751201
type: Reaction
product: 548362
product: 548350
product: 548374
reversible: false
reactant: 548326
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALNTg Synonyms: _17 EC Number: 2.4.1.41 SUBSYSTEM: O-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : Ser/Thr + udpacgal --> Tn_antigen + h + udp Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8693#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT4# LOCUS:_11226#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT6# LOCUS:_2589#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT1# LOCUS:_26290#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT8# LOCUS:_2590#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.41# LOCUS:_2591#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT3# LOCUS:_50614#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT9# LOCUS:_51809#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT7# LOCUS:_55568#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT10# LOCUS:_63917#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT11# LOCUS:_79695#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT12# LOCUS:_114805#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT13# LOCUS:_79623#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT14# LOCUS:_11227#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNT5# LOCUS:_117248#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNTL2# LOCUS:_55568#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GALNT10# proteins: NAME:UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 6 (GalNAc-T6), Golgi apparatus (placenta, trachea)#ABBREVIATION:Galnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (GalNAc-T1), Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Galnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GalNAc-T2), Golgi apparatus (liver, skeletal muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Galnt2.1-g# NAME:UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GalNAc-T3), Golgi apparatus (pancreas, testis)#ABBREVIATION:Galnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 8 (GalNAc-T8), lg transcript, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Galnt8lg.1-g# NAME:UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 9 (GalNAc-T9), Golgi apparatus (brain)#ABBREVIATION:Galnt9.1-g# NAME:UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalact…
fast: false
reactant: 548338
name: GalNAc transferase, Golgi apparatus

548362
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629

548350
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744598

548374
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861

548326
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744584

744584
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: protein-linked serine or threonine residue (O-glycosylation site)_XH

548338
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748873

748017
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: phosphatidylethanolamine (homo sapiens)_C5H12NO4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2

753931
type: Reaction
product: 613736
reactant: 613723
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPHS1Pte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: sphs1p[c] <==> sphs1p[e] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however sphs1p is known to have intracellular and extracellular activity and signal transduction functions (PMID: 10751414). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Liu H, Sugiura M, Nava VE, Edsall LC, Kono K, Poulton S, Milstien S, Kohama T, Spiegel S.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel mammalian sphingosine kinase type 2 isoform.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10751414# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sphingosine-1-phosphate transport

613736
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748517

613723
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748515

748515
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Sphingosine 1-phosphate_C18H37NO5P

752119
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 570352
fast: false
product: 570376
product: 570401
reactant: 570364
notes: Abbreviation: R_ESTSULT Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.8.2.4 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [c] : estrone + paps --> estrones + h + pap Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6783#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT1E1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# proteins: NAME:sulfotransferase family 1E, estrogen#ABBREVIATION:Sult1e1.1# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.1# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.2# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.3# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.4# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.5# citations: AUTHORS:Aksoy IA, Wood TC, Weinshilboum R.#TITLE:Human liver estrogen sulfotransferase: identification by cDNA cloning and expression.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8185618# AUTHORS:Glatt H, Boeing H, Engelke CE, Ma L, Kuhlow A, Pabel U, Pomplun D, Teubner W, Meinl W.#TITLE:Human cytosolic sulphotransferases: genetics, characteristics, toxicological aspects.#JOURNAL:Mutat Res#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11535246# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6783.1) or (6817.4) or (6817.1) or (6817.3) or (6817.2) or (6817.5)
name: Estrogen sulfotransferase
product: 570388

570352
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746170

570376
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746180

746180
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Estrone 3-sulfate_C18H21O5S

570401
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747975

570364
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747979

570388
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

751999
type: Reaction
product: 567549
product: 567536
reactant: 567524
reactant: 567512
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt52m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dctp[c] + dudp[m] --> dctp[m] + dudp[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dCTP transport via dUDP antiport

567549
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746062

567536
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745748

745748
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dCTP_C9H12N3O13P3

567524
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746064

567512
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745746

746116
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: ecgonine methyl ester_C10H17NO3

749816
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: sialyl-Tn antigen_C19H30N2O13X

751831
type: Reaction
product: 563511
reactant: 563499
notes: Abbreviation: R_EICOSTETt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: eicostet[e] <==> eicostet[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion

563511
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746118

746118
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: eicosatetranoic acid_C20H31O2

563499
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746120

755035
type: Reaction
product: 640323
reactant: 640311
product: 640347
reactant: 640299
fast: false
name: _3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
notes: Abbreviation: R_MCPST Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.8.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: [c] : cyan + mercppyr --> h + pyr + tcynt Confidence Level: 4 MM AMF genes: LOCUS:_4357#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MPST# proteins: NAME:mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase #ABBREVIATION:Mpst.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4357.1)
reversible: false
product: 640335

640323
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

640311
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747529

747529
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Mercaptopyruvate_C3H3O3S

640347
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748605

748605
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Thiocyanate_CNS

640299
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745650

745650
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hydrogen cyanide_CHN

640335
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748303

745144
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Betaine aldehyde_C5H12NO

755095
type: Reaction
product: 641781
product: 641769
reactant: 641757
reactant: 641745
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR32 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: fadh2[m] + odecoa[c] --> (1.125) R3coa_hs[c] + fad[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R group artificial flux

641781
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214

641769
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.125
species: 744530

641757
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747865

641745
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218

744594
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: trans-4-Hydroxycinnamate_C9H7O3

750164
type: Reaction
product: 523866
product: 523854
reactant: 523842
reactant: 523830
notes: Abbreviation: R_MCDm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [m] : h + malcoa --> accoa + co2 Confidence Level: 4 TDV (9/14/2004) added "m" to denote compartmentalization - NCD genes: LOCUS:_23417#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MLYCD#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.9# proteins: NAME:malonyl-CoA decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Mlycd.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Kerner J, Hoppel CL.#TITLE:Radiochemical malonyl-CoA decarboxylase assay: activity and subcellular distribution in heart and skeletal muscle.#JOURNAL:Anal Biochem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12123667# AUTHORS:Wightman PJ, Santer R, Ribes A, Dougherty F, McGill N, Thorburn DR, FitzPatrick DR#TITLE:MLYCD mutation analysis: evidence for protein mistargeting as a cause of MLYCD deficiency#JOURNAL:Hum Mutat#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12955715# GENE ASSOCIATION: (23417.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase, mitochondrial

523866
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745410

523854
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652

523842
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747471

523830
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631

756552
type: Reaction
reactant: 675869
product: 675905
fast: false
name: Adenosine deaminase
reactant: 675857
product: 675893
reversible: false
reactant: 675881
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADA Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.4.4 SUBSYSTEM: Purine Catabolism Equation: [c] : adn + h + h2o --> ins + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 Added EC- JLR genes: LOCUS:_100#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADA#ECNUMBERS:3.5.4.4# proteins: NAME:adenosine deaminase #ABBREVIATION:Ada.1# citations: AUTHORS:Gonzalez-Gronow M, Hershfield MS, Arredondo-Vega FX, Pizzo SV.#TITLE:Cell surface adenosine deaminase binds and stimulates plasminogen activation on 1-LN human prostate cancer cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15016824# AUTHORS:Iwaki-Egawa S, Watanabe Y.#TITLE:Characterization and purification of adenosine deaminase 1 from human and chicken liver.#JOURNAL:Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12381379# GENE ASSOCIATION: (100.1)

675869
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625

675905
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721

675857
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744808

744808
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Adenosine_C10H13N5O4

675893
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746921

675881
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607

750114
type: Reaction
reversible: true
reactant: 522720
product: 522744
product: 522732
reactant: 522707
name: N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, lysosomal
product: 522756
notes: Abbreviation: R_S4TASE5ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.12 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cs_e_deg4 + h2o <==> cs_e_deg5 + h + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_411#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ARSB#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.1# LOCUS:_411#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ARSB#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.1# proteins: NAME:arylsulfatase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Arsb.1-l# NAME:arylsulfatase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Arsb.2-l# citations: AUTHORS:Schuchman EH, Jackson CE, Desnick RJ#TITLE:Human arylsulfatase B: MOPAC cloning, nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA, and regions of amino acid identity with arylsulfatases A and C#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1968043# AUTHORS:Peters C, Schmidt B, Rommerskirch W, Rupp K, Zuhlsdorf M, Vingron M, Meyer HE, Pohlmann R, von Figura K#TITLE:Phylogenetic conservation of arylsulfatases. cDNA cloning and expression of human arylsulfatase B.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2303452# GENE ASSOCIATION: (411.1) or (411.2)
fast: false

522720
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613

522744
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630

522732
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745590

745590
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), degradation product 5_C31H47NO35S3

522707
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745588

745588
type: Species
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), degradation product 4_C31H46NO38S4

522756
type: SpeciesReference
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483