MODEL0912503622
type: SBMLModel
parameter: 445296
parameter: 445224
parameter: 445005
parameter: 445314
parameter: 445023
parameter: 445179
rule: 444826
rule: 444841
parameter: 445266
parameter: 445284
parameter: 445212
parameter: 445149
parameter: 445302
curated: false
rule: 444844
parameter: 445380
parameter: 445167
rule: 444916
rule: 444781
parameter: 445254
rule: 444931
parameter: 445272
parameter: 445200
parameter: 445137
substance units: 608838
rule: 444880
parameter: 445155
rule: 444808
rule: 444793
units def: 680263
rule: 444985
rule: 444898
parameter: 444999
parameter: 445257
parameter: 444990
rule: 444877
units def: 680515
parameter: 445299
rule: 444949
rule: 444805
rule: 444964
parameter: 444987
parameter: 445044
parameter: 445245
parameter: 445128
rule: 444889
rule: 444967
parameter: 445287
parameter: 445323
parameter: 445233
parameter: 445032
parameter: 445218
units def: 680599
notes: This a model from the article: Ion currents underlying sinoatrial node pacemaker activity: a new single cell mathematical model. Dokos S, Celler B, Lovell N. J Theor Biol 1996 Aug 7;181(3):245-72 8869126 , Abstract: The ionic currents underlying autorhythmicity of the mammalian sinoatrial node and their wider contribution to each phase of the action potential have been investigated in this study using a new single cell mathematical model. The new model provides a review and update of existing formulations of sinoatrial node membrane currents, derived from a wide range of electrophysiological data available in the literature. Simulations of spontaneous activity suggest that the dominant mechanism underlying pacemaker depolarisation is the inward background Na+ current, ib,Na. In contrast to previous models, the decay of the delayed rectifying K+ current, iK, was insignificant during this phase. Despite the presence of a pseudo-outward background current throughout the pacemaker range of potentials (Na-K pump+leak currents), the hyperpolarisation-activated current i(f) was not essential to pacemaker activity. A closer inspection of the current-voltage characteristics of the model revealed that the "instantaneous" time-independent current was inward for holding potentials in the pacemaker range, which rapidly became outward within 2 ms due to the inactivation of the L-type Ca2+ current, iCa,L. This suggests that reports in the literature in which the net background current is outward throughout the pacemaker range of potentials may be exaggerated. The magnitudes of the action potential overshoot and the maximum diastolic potential were determined largely by the reversal potentials of iCa,L and iK respectively. The action potential was sustained by the incomplete deactivation of iCa,L and the Na-Ca exchanger, iNaCa. Despite the incorporation of "square-root" activation by [K]o of all K+ currents, the model was unable to correctly simulate the response to elevated [K]o. …
parameter: 445188
parameter: 445116
rule: 444979
parameter: 445119
parameter: 445311
parameter: 445260
rule: 444796
compartment: 444774
rule: 444940
parameter: 445020
parameter: 445221
parameter: 445377
rule: 444838
rule: 444784
parameter: 445104
rule: 444943
rule: 444982
rule: 444886
parameter: 445365
parameter: 445077
rule: 444928
rule: 444955
parameter: 445008
parameter: 445209
parameter: 445098

445296
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: di

445224
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: x2

445005
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E_Ca

680311
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680323
name: millivolt

680323
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

445314
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_tr

680491
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680503
name: picoA

680503
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -12
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE

445023
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: dL_infinity

445179
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 10.3
name: Kmf

680515
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680539
unit: 680527
name: millimolar

680539
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

680527
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

445266
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 26.44
name: K3ni

445284
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 1628.0
name: K1no

445212
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680491
value: 0.226
name: i_pmax

445149
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680443
value: 2.6E-4
name: Kk

680443
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680479
unit: 680467
unit: 680455
name: picoA_per_millimolar

680479
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

680467
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

680455
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -12
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE

445302
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 2.4E-4
name: g_Nab

680395
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680407
name: nanoS

680407
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: SIEMENS

445380
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 5.4
name: Kb

445167
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

445254
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k14

445272
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 395.3
name: K1ni

445200
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

445137
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

445155
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.5682
name: x

680263
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680299
unit: 680287
unit: 680275
name: per_millimolar_second

680299
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

680287
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

680275
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

444999
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680419
value: 3.2E-5
name: C

680419
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680431
name: nanoF

680431
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD

445257
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.1369
name: Qci

444990
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: kelvin
value: 310.0
name: T

445299
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_bNa

444987
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680551
value: 8314.472
name: R

680551
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680587
unit: 680575
unit: 680563
name: joule_per_kilomole_kelvin

680587
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: KELVIN

680575
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

680563
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: JOULE

445044
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E

445245
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k32

445128
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: alpha_h

680239
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680251
name: per_second

680251
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

445287
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 561.4
name: K2no

445323
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680635
value: NaN
name: V_up

680635
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680647
name: microlitre

680647
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE

445233
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k41

445032
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

445218
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680491
value: 4.0
name: kNaCa

680599
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680623
unit: 680611
name: coulomb_per_mole

680623
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

680611
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: COULOMB

445188
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0287
name: y

445116
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: beta_m

445119
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E

445311
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_up

445260
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.4315
name: Qn

444774
type: Compartment
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0

445020
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0E-4
name: dL

445221
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: x1

445377
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 2.0
name: Cab

445104
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_Na

445365
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680635
value: 2.5E-6
name: V_i

445077
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: dT_infinity

445008
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E_Na

445209
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 1.0
name: KmK

445098
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E

445353
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 7.4994
name: Nai

445194
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: beta_y

445065
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

445011
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E_K

445086
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

445182
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 0.0081
name: g_fNa

445053
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680239
value: 3.0
name: alpha_fL2

445074
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.001
name: dT

445242
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k21

445170
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_f

445041
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_fL

445197
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E

445125
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0087
name: h

445143
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_KK

445329
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 5.0E-4
name: KmCaup

445038
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: fL_infinity

445230
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: x4

445368
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680635
value: NaN
name: V_e

445185
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 0.0135
name: g_fK

445113
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: alpha_m

445131
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: beta_h

445317
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_rel

445173
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_fNa

445101
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

445275
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 2.289
name: K2ni

445206
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 40.0
name: KmNa

445158
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: x_infinity

445062
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: NaN
name: Cai

445176
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_fK

445107
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 0.25
name: g_Na

445263
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: Qco

445146
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_KNa

445050
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.219
name: fL2

445164
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E

445251
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k12

445092
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: fT_infinity

445134
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E

445248
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k43

445152
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.035
name: P_KNa

445161
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_x

445341
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 3.4E-5
name: Cai

445122
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

444996
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680311
value: -64.9
name: E

445239
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k23

445236
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k34

445140
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_K

680335
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680347
name: per_millivolt

680347
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

445095
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_fT

445227
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: x3

445083
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E

445371
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.1
name: tau_b

680359
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 680383
unit: 680371
name: per_millivolt_second

680383
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

680371
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

445215
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_NaCa

445071
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 0.085
name: g_CaT

445026
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.002
name: tau_dL

445356
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 139.9929
name: Nao

445203
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_p

445359
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 140.0073
name: Ki

445374
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 140.0
name: Nab

445068
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_CaT

445269
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 0.0207
name: Kci

445305
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_bK

445014
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_CaL

445344
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 2.0004
name: Cao

445347
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 0.5832
name: Caup

445362
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 5.4243
name: Ko

445056
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680263
value: 40000.0
name: beta_fL2

445002
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_tot

445290
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 3.663
name: Kco

445332
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 0.001
name: KmCarel

445335
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.005
name: tau_rel

445350
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 0.1101
name: Carel

445191
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: alpha_y

445320
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 680635
value: NaN
name: V_rel

444993
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680599
value: 96485.3415
name: F

445059
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E

445293
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: do

445029
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E

445338
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.4
name: tau_tr

445047
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time

445308
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680443
value: 7.0E-5
name: KbK

445080
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_dT

445281
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 4.663
name: K3no

445089
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.1328
name: fT

445017
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 0.4
name: g_CaL

445326
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680491
value: 0.0212
name: i_up_max

445035
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.1505
name: fL

445278
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 26.44
name: Kcni

445110
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0139
name: m