MODEL0912160003
type: SBMLModel
parameter: 293240
rule: 292909
length unit: 027038
parameter: 293204
parameter: 293110
parameter: 293142
rule: 292891
parameter: 293198
parameter: 293136
parameter: 293028
rule: 292841
parameter: 293238
parameter: 293036
units def: 653227
parameter: 293130
rule: 292825
parameter: 293226
parameter: 293024
notes: This a model from the article: A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. I. Simulations of ionic currents and concentration changes. Luo CH, Rudy Y. Circ Res 1994 Jun;74(6):1071-96 7514509 , Abstract: A mathematical model of the cardiac ventricular action potential is presented. In our previous work, the membrane Na+ current and K+ currents were formulated. The present article focuses on processes that regulate intracellular Ca2+ and depend on its concentration. The model presented here for the mammalian ventricular action potential is based mostly on the guinea pig ventricular cell. However, it provides the framework for modeling other types of ventricular cells with appropriate modifications made to account for species differences. The following processes are formulated: Ca2+ current through the L-type channel (ICa), the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, Ca2+ release and uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), buffering of Ca2+ in the SR and in the myoplasm, a Ca2+ pump in the sarcolemma, the Na(+)-K+ pump, and a nonspecific Ca(2+)-activated membrane current. Activation of ICa is an order of magnitude faster than in previous models. Inactivation of ICa depends on both the membrane voltage and [Ca2+]i. SR is divided into two subcompartments, a network SR (NSR) and a junctional SR (JSR). Functionally, Ca2+ enters the NSR and translocates to the JSR following a monoexponential function. Release of Ca2+ occurs at JSR and can be triggered by two different mechanisms, Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release and spontaneous release. The model provides the basis for the study of arrhythmogenic activity of the single myocyte including afterdepolarizations and triggered activity. It can simulate cellular responses under different degrees of Ca2+ overload. Such simulations are presented in our accompanying article in this issue of Circulation Research. This model was taken from the CellML repository and automatically converted to SBML. The original model was: Luo CH, Rudy Y. (…
units def: 653092
parameter: 292986
parameter: 293166
parameter: 293248
rule: 292845
rule: 292961
parameter: 293256
parameter: 293098
rule: 292865
parameter: 293192
rule: 292818
parameter: 293154
rule: 292857
parameter: 292982
rule: 292885
parameter: 293162
parameter: 293244
rule: 292877
parameter: 293120
parameter: 293138
parameter: 293094
parameter: 292990
parameter: 293146
rule: 292838
rule: 292869
rule: 292897
parameter: 293150
rule: 292915
rule: 292907
parameter: 293068
parameter: 293196
parameter: 293134
rule: 292927
rule: 292921
units def: 653116
parameter: 292998
rule: 292851
parameter: 293012
rule: 292939
parameter: 293210
parameter: 292984
parameter: 293050
parameter: 293164
parameter: 293102
rule: 292812
rule: 292941
parameter: 293158
parameter: 293108
units def: 653470
volume units: 970346
rule: 292871
parameter: 293080
parameter: 293000
rule: 292959
parameter: 292994
parameter: 293088
parameter: 293152
rule: 292889
rule: 292824
parameter: 292980

293240
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653313
value: 1.2E-4
name: Cai

653313
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653337
unit: 653325
name: mM

653337
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -3.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

653325
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

293204
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653264
value: NaN
name: i_leak

653264
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653300
unit: 653288
unit: 653276
name: mM_per_ms

653300
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

653288
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -3.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

653276
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

293110
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V

653032
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653044
name: mV

653044
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

293142
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 5.0E-4
name: K_mpCa

293198
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.35
name: eta

293136
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 1.83E-4
name: g_Kp

653153
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653178
unit: 653165
name: mS_per_mm2

653178
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

653165
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SIEMENS

293028
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Nao

293238
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 140.0
name: Nao

293036
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_CaK

653227
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653252
unit: 653239
name: uA_per_mm2

653252
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

653239
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE

293130
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time

652960
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 652972
name: ms

652972
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

293226
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: K_leak

652984
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 652996
name: per_ms

652996
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

293024
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_CaNa

653092
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653104
name: per_mV

653104
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

292986
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 0.16
name: g_Na

293166
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 1.5
name: K_mKo

293248
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653313
value: 1.8
name: Ca_JSR

293256
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0048
name: V_JSR

293098
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: X

293192
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 87.5
name: K_mNa

293154
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 3.016E-5
name: g_Cab

292982
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_Na

293162
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_NaK

293244
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653313
value: 145.0
name: Ki

293120
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653153
value: NaN
name: g_K1

293138
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: Kp

293094
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_K

292990
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_m

293146
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_Na_b

293150
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_NaN

293068
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_f

293196
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.1
name: K_sat

293134
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_Kp

653116
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653141
unit: 653129
name: per_mV_ms

653141
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

653129
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

292998
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: h

293012
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_j

293210
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: G_rel_peak

292984
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_Na

293050
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: d

293164
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 10.0
name: K_mNai

293102
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_X

293158
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_NaK

293108
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: Xi

653470
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653482
name: mm2

653482
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

293080
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 6.0E-4
name: Km_Ca

293000
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_h

292994
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V

293088
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_K

293152
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_b

292980
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: IStimC

293160
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653227
value: 0.015
name: I_NaK

293178
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_ns_Na

293104
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V

293232
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: NaN
name: delta_Ca_i2

292988
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: m

653397
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653421
unit: 653409
name: faradays_constant_units

653421
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

653409
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: COULOMB

293074
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V

293126
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_K1

293220
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: 180.0
name: tau_tr

293056
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: d_infinity

293114
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_K1

293190
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653227
value: 20.0
name: K_NaCa

293168
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: sigma

293044
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653434
value: 1.93E-9
name: P_K

653434
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653458
unit: 653446
name: mm_per_ms

653458
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

653446
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

293052
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_d

292996
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time

293106
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time

293092
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653153
value: NaN
name: g_K

293156
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_CaN

293040
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653434
value: 5.4E-6
name: P_Ca

292807
type: Compartment
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0

292992
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_m

293170
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_ns_Ca

293230
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 15.0
name: Ca_NSR_max

292968
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653349
value: 8314.5
name: R

653349
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653385
unit: 653373
unit: 653361
name: gas_constant_units

653385
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: KELVIN

653373
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

653361
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -12
multipler: 1.0
kind: JOULE

293072
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: tau_f

293124
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_K1

293054
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_d

293048
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.34
name: gamma_Cao

293208
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: G_rel

293112
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time

293118
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 0.0075
name: g_K1_max

293254
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.68
name: V_myo

293062
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time

293042
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653434
value: 6.75E-9
name: P_Na

293242
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 1.8
name: Cao

293090
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 0.00282
name: g_K_max

293078
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_Ca

293016
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time

293144
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653227
value: 0.0115
name: I_pCa

293182
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 0.0012
name: K_m_ns_Ca

292978
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_st

293010
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_j

292972
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653397
value: 96845.0
name: F

293004
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V

293066
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_f

653056
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653080
unit: 653068
name: mV_per_ms

653080
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

653068
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

293132
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_Kp

293236
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653313
value: 10.0
name: Nai

293128
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V

653190
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653215
unit: 653203
name: uF_per_mm2

653215
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

653203
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD

293034
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_CaCa

293224
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 9.2E-4
name: K_mup

293100
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_X

293116
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_K1

293188
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_NaCa

293018
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_L

293060
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V

293022
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_CaK

293030
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Ki

292974
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653056
value: NaN
name: dV_dt

293176
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653434
value: 1.75E-9
name: P_ns_Ca

293006
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time

293184
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: Vns

293076
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time

293014
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V

293212
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652984
value: 60.0
name: G_rel_max

293070
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_infinity

293218
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: t_CICR

653494
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653506
name: time

653506
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

293172
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_ns_Na

292970
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: kelvin
value: 310.0
name: T

293084
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time

293064
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: f

293002
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_h

293200
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653264
value: NaN
name: i_rel

293008
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: j

293250
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653313
value: 1.8
name: Ca_NSR

293206
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653264
value: NaN
name: i_tr

293214
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: 2.0
name: tau_on

293234
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 1.8E-4
name: delta_Ca_ith

293038
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_CaNa

293202
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653264
value: NaN
name: i_up

293140
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_p_Ca

293222
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 8.0E-4
name: K_mrel

293032
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Ko

293228
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653264
value: 0.005
name: I_up

293058
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: tau_d

293026
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Nai

293186
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: EnsCa

292967
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653032
value: -84.624
name: V

293180
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_ns_K

653008
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 653020
name: per_mm

653020
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

292976
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653190
value: 0.01
name: Cm

293258
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0552
name: V_NSR

293020
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_CaCa

293194
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 1.38
name: K_mCa

293046
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: gamma_Cai

293174
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_ns_K

293086
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: NaN
name: Cai

293252
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653008
value: 200.0
name: Am

293246
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 5.4
name: Ko

293216
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 652960
value: 2.0
name: tau_off

293122
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: K1_infinity

293096
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.01833
name: PR_NaK

293148
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 1.41E-5
name: g_Nab

293082
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V