MODEL0912153452
type: SBMLModel
parameter: 970207
units def: 639458
rule: 969915
parameter: 970095
parameter: 970238
rule: 969959
rule: 969938
rule: 969929
rule: 970046
parameter: 970250
rule: 969950
rule: 969966
rule: 969974
parameter: 970222
units def: 639727
units def: 640189
parameter: 970282
parameter: 970224
rule: 970013
rule: 969981
parameter: 970273
parameter: 970056
parameter: 970113
is described by: http://identifiers.org/pubmed/10777735
parameter: 970189
parameter: 970086
parameter: 970173
parameter: 970350
parameter: 970115
parameter: 970256
rule: 970020
units def: 639362
curated: false
parameter: 970164
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rule: 970044
parameter: 970276
length unit: 027038
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rule: 969980
parameter: 970346
rule: 970036
parameter: 970301
parameter: 970138
parameter: 970337
parameter: 970073
parameter: 970215
notes: This a model from the article: Action potential and contractility changes in [Na(+)](i) overloaded cardiac myocytes: a simulation study. Faber GM, Rudy Y. Biophys J 2000 May;78(5):2392-404 10777735 , Abstract: Sodium overload of cardiac cells can accompany various pathologies and induce fatal cardiac arrhythmias. We investigate effects of elevated intracellular sodium on the cardiac action potential (AP) and on intracellular calcium using the Luo-Rudy model of a mammalian ventricular myocyte. The results are: 1) During rapid pacing, AP duration (APD) shortens in two phases, a rapid phase without Na(+) accumulation and a slower phase that depends on [Na(+)](i). 2) The rapid APD shortening is due to incomplete deactivation (accumulation) of I(Ks). 3) The slow phase is due to increased repolarizing currents I(NaK) and reverse-mode I(NaCa), secondary to elevated [Na(+)](i). 4) Na(+)-overload slows the rate of AP depolarization, allowing time for greater I(Ca(L)) activation; it also enhances reverse-mode I(NaCa). The resulting increased Ca(2+) influx triggers a greater [Ca(2+)](i) transient. 5) Reverse-mode I(NaCa) alone can trigger Ca(2+) release in a voltage and [Na(+)](i)-dependent manner. 6) During I(NaK) block, Na(+) and Ca(2+) accumulate and APD shortens due to enhanced reverse-mode I(NaCa); contribution of I(K(Na)) to APD shortening is negligible. By slowing AP depolarization (hence velocity) and shortening APD, Na(+)-overload acts to enhance inducibility of reentrant arrhythmias. Shortened APD with elevated [Ca(2+)](i) (secondary to Na(+)-overload) also predisposes the myocardium to arrhythmogenic delayed afterdepolarizations. This model was taken from the CellML repository and automatically converted to SBML. The original model was: Faber GM, Rudy Y. (2000) - version06 The original CellML model was created by: Ashton, Jesse, j.ashton@aukland.ac.nz The University of Auckland Auckland Bioengineering Institute This model originates from BioModels Database: A Databa…
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rule: 969994
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rule: 969971
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parameter: 970201
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parameter: 970221
rule: 970030
parameter: 970150
parameter: 970110
parameter: 970186
parameter: 970141

970207
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units: 639312
value: NaN
name: beta_zdv

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name: per_ms

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name: mM_per_millivolt_ms

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type: Parameter
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units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Nai

970238
type: Parameter
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units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: Kp

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type: Parameter
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units: 639884
value: 5.0E-4
name: K_mpCa

639884
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name: time

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639727
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640189
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640201
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value: 2.5E-4
name: c1

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type: Parameter
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value: NaN
name: i_K1

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type: Parameter
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units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_ns_K

970056
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value: 96485.0
name: F

640116
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name: coulomb_per_mole

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type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: d_infinity

970189
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.24
name: nATP

970086
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: beta_j

970173
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: tau_xs1

970350
type: Parameter
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units: 640238
value: NaN
name: V_NSR

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name: micro_litre

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970115
type: Parameter
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units: 639288
value: NaN
name: tau_d

970256
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_b

639362
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type: Parameter
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value: NaN
name: i_Ks

970276
type: Parameter
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units: 639751
value: NaN
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970344
type: Parameter
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units: 640189
value: 0.011
name: radius

970147
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units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: g_inf

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units: dimensionless
value: 0.999390880784
name: f

970346
type: Parameter
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units: 640238
value: NaN
name: volume

970301
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 15.0
name: Ca_NSR_max

970138
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name: V

639337
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value: 10.0
name: Nai

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970215
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970092
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970106
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 640263
value: 5.4E-4
name: P_Ca

640263
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name: litre_per_farad_millisecond

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640225
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exponent: 2.0
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970183
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name: time

970246
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units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: pov

970108
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 640263
value: 1.93E-7
name: P_K

970201
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name: g_to

639557
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970295
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constant: true
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value: 0.8
name: K_mCSQN

639836
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name: millimolar_per_mV

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name: i_NaK

970221
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name: V

970150
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units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_Kr

970110
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 5.906564E-6
name: d

970186
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639557
value: NaN
name: g_K_ATP

970141
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: tau_b

970253
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_Na_b

970188
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: i_K_ATP_on

970066
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_Na

970124
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_infinity

970323
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 0.05
name: CMDN_max

639593
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 639605
name: cm2

639605
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 2.0
scale: -2
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kind: METRE

970144
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: V

970219
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: ydv_ss

970116
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: V

970096
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Nao

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type: Parameter
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units: 639337
value: -85.126196430406
name: V

970316
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639920
value: NaN
name: cmyo

639920
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name: millimolar2

639944
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kind: LITRE

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970082
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: time

970347
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 640238
value: NaN
name: V_myo

970288
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constant: false
units: 639787
value: NaN
name: i_leak

970299
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639787
value: 0.00875
name: I_up

970180
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: tau_xs2

970283
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0E-4
name: c2

970243
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 2.8
name: nKNa

970225
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: E_K

970179
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: xs2_infinity

970274
type: Parameter
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units: 640263
value: NaN
name: P_ns_Ca

970255
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constant: true
units: 639557
value: 0.004
name: g_Nab

970068
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constant: true
units: 639557
value: 16.0
name: g_Na

970087
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units: 639337
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name: V

970165
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639557
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name: g_Ks

970146
type: Parameter
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units: 639288
value: NaN
name: time

970249
type: Parameter
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units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_p_Ca

970121
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: alpha_f

970307
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639884
value: 8.290468
name: JSR

639422
type: SBMLUnitsDef
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name: per_millivolt_ms

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kind: SECOND

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scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

970320
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 0.00238
name: K_mCMDN

970302
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constant: false
units: 639884
value: 0.01544711
name: CaT

970139
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constant: true
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: time

970216
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: alpha_ydv

970293
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constant: true
units: 639288
value: 120.0
name: tau_tr

970218
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: tau_ydv

970182
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: V

970060
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: 10.0
name: stim_start

970107
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 640263
value: 6.75E-7
name: P_Na

970247
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 66.0
name: kdKNa

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640324
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scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

970062
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: 300.0
name: stim_period

970326
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: 4.75
name: tau

969886
type: Compartment
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0

970209
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: tau_zdv

970156
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 2.07067204E-4
name: xr

970298
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: K_leak

970233
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: beta_K1

970279
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 0.0012
name: K_m_ns_Ca

970310
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639884
value: NaN
name: Cai

970065
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639751
value: -80.0
name: stim_amplitude

970131
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: V

970067
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: E_Na

970125
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: tau_f

970117
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: time

970270
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_ns_Ca

970317
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639956
value: NaN
name: dmyo

639956
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 639981
unit: 639968
name: millimolar3

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kind: LITRE

639968
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exponent: 3.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

970149
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: tau_g

970083
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.990731711845
name: j

970289
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639787
value: NaN
name: i_tr

970161
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: V

639520
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 639545
unit: 639532
name: millivolt_per_ms

639545
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scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

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scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
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970075
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: E0_m

970264
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_NaK

970192
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 3.0
name: ATPi

970058
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: dVdt

970332
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: tau_rel

970135
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639557
value: 0.05
name: g_CaT

970088
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: time

970352
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639593
value: 1.534E-4
name: A_cap

970230
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: K1_infinity

970334
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639787
value: NaN
name: I_relss

970212
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: V

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unit: 640005
name: millimolar4

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kind: LITRE

640005
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exponent: 4.0
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kind: MOLE

970258
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639557
value: 0.003016
name: g_Cab

970155
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: Rect

970166
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639557
value: 0.433
name: G_Ks

970101
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.341
name: gamma_Cao

970103
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: I_CaK

970197
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: pATP

970122
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: beta_f

970152
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639557
value: NaN
name: g_Kr

970308
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639884
value: 1.516756041281
name: NSR

640152
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 640177
unit: 640165
name: cm_per_second

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exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

640165
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -2
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

970294
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 10.0
name: CSQN_max

970061
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: 9000000.0
name: stim_end

970325
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639458
value: 0.125
name: kappa

970080
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: beta_h

970128
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: time

970098
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Ko

970280
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_NaCa

970063
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: 0.5
name: stim_duration

970240
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_K_Na

639386
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 639410
unit: 639398
name: ms_per_millivolt

639410
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT

639398
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND

970140
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: b_inf

970268
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: sigma

970203
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: rvdv

970171
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: xs1_infinity

970234
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: V

970311
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639884
value: NaN
name: bjsr

970159
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: tau_xr

970132
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: NaN
name: Cai

970191
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 5.0E-5
name: nicholsarea

970331
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639836
value: NaN
name: alpha_rel

970313
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639920
value: NaN
name: cjsr

970285
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.15
name: gamma

970126
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: V

970227
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639557
value: NaN
name: g_K1

970174
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: V

970100
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: gamma_Cai

970176
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: time

970071
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: alpha_m

970118
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: E0_d

970259
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: E_Ca

970090
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_L

970271
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_ns_Na

970329
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 9.0
name: qn

970349
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 640238
value: NaN
name: V_JSR

970244
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: pona

970162
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: time

970304
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 1.8
name: Cao

970076
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: time

970134
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_T

970265
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 10.0
name: K_mNai

970078
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: alpha_h

970195
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 2.5E-4
name: kATP

970231
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: alpha_K1

970335
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639787
value: -4.74565E-19
name: i_rel

970213
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639288
value: NaN
name: time

970167
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: E_Ks

970262
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639751
value: 2.25
name: I_NaK

970102
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: I_CaCa

970204
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.014537782303
name: zdv

970198
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639557
value: NaN
name: GKbaraATP

970206
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: alpha_zdv

970153
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639557
value: 0.02614
name: G_Kr

970341
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 5.4
name: Ko

970237
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639557
value: 0.00552
name: g_Kp

970314
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639884
value: NaN
name: bmyo

970070
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.001513296212
name: m

970097
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Ki

970267
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 1.5
name: K_mKo

970081
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639337
value: NaN
name: V

970129
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_Ca

970053
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 640067
value: 8314.0
name: R

640067
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 640104
unit: 640092
unit: 640079
name: joule_per_kilomole_kelvin

640104
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: KELVIN

640092
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -1.0
scale: 3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE

640079
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: JOULE

970241
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639557
value: 0.12848
name: g_K_Na

970328
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 1.0
name: K_relss

970170
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.007136102382
name: xs1

970055
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: kelvin
value: 310.0
name: T

970112
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: beta_d

970158
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: xr_infinity

970235
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_Kp

970319
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 5.0E-4
name: K_mTRPN

970210
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: zdv_ss

970286
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639787
value: NaN
name: i_up

970343
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 640189
value: 0.1
name: preplength

970228
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639557
value: 0.75
name: G_K1

970130
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 6.0E-4
name: Km_Ca

970177
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.039518996812
name: xs2

970072
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: beta_m

970091
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_CaCa

639690
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 639715
unit: 639703
name: microF_per_cm2

639715
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -2.0
scale: -2
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

639703
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD

970338
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 140.0
name: Nao

970105
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: I_CaNa

970085
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: alpha_j

970057
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: I_st

970305
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639884
value: NaN
name: Ca_JSR

970200
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_to

970077
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.985318710339
name: h

970194
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 2.0
name: hATP

970296
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 9.2E-4
name: K_mup

970277
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: I_ns_K

970137
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.001378275288
name: b

970185
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_K_ATP

639654
type: SBMLUnitsDef
unit: 639678
unit: 639666
name: nanoS_per_cm2

639678
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: -2.0
scale: -2
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE

639666
type: SBMLUnit
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: SIEMENS

970111
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639312
value: NaN
name: alpha_d

970252
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639751
value: 1.15
name: I_pCa

970168
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.01833
name: PNaK

970340
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639884
value: 144.473230653346
name: Ki

970322
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 639884
value: 0.07
name: TRPN_max

970093
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 639751
value: NaN
name: i_CaNa

970143
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.988597502434
name: g