MODEL0406270966
type: SBMLModel
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is described by: http://identifiers.org/pubmed/17277017
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time units: 438692
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substance units: substance
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units def: 438644
notes: This a model from the article: Regulation of Ca2+ and electrical alternans in cardiac myocytes: role of CAMKII and repolarizing currents. Livshitz LM, Rudy Y. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Jun;292(6):H2854-66. 17277017 , Abstract: Alternans of cardiac repolarization is associated with arrhythmias and sudden death. At the cellular level, alternans involves beat-to-beat oscillation of the action potential (AP) and possibly Ca(2+) transient (CaT). Because of experimental difficulty in independently controlling the Ca(2+) and electrical subsystems, mathematical modeling provides additional insights into mechanisms and causality. Pacing protocols were conducted in a canine ventricular myocyte model with the following results: 1) CaT alternans results from refractoriness of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release system; alternation of the L-type calcium current has a negligible effect; 2) CaT-AP coupling during late AP occurs through the sodium-calcium exchanger and underlies AP duration (APD) alternans; 3) increased Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity extends the range of CaT and APD alternans to slower frequencies and increases alternans magnitude; its decrease suppresses CaT and APD alternans, exerting an antiarrhythmic effect; and 4) increase of the rapid delayed rectifier current (I(Kr)) also suppresses APD alternans but without suppressing CaT alternans. Thus CaMKII inhibition eliminates APD alternans by eliminating its cause (CaT alternans) while I(Kr) enhancement does so by weakening CaT-APD coupling. The simulations identify combined CaMKII inhibition and I(Kr) enhancement as a possible antiarrhythmic intervention. This model was taken from the CellML repository and automatically converted to SBML. The original model was: Livshitz LM, Rudy Y. (2007) - version01 The original CellML model was created by: Noble, Penny, penny.noble@dpag.ox.ac.uk The University of Oxford This model originates from BioModels Database: A Database o…
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name: Acap

592793
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: caiont

592947
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: aa

592876
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ilca

592869
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gako

592873
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ibark

592924
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 437991
value: 0.00552
name: GKpmax

592819
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 437906
value: 400.0
name: stim_period

592806
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 438596
value: NaN
name: AF

592999
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 0.07
name: trpnbar

592905
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: xss

592787
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 4.5
name: K_o

592784
type: Parameter
constant: true
units: kelvin
value: 310.0
name: Temp

592854
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 437906
value: NaN
name: tauf

592816
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: i_Stim

592851
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: dss

592870
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ibarca

592831
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 437930
value: NaN
name: a

593008
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 438257
value: NaN
name: Ca_i

593005
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 438293
value: NaN
name: cmyo

592990
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: 438257
value: 139.730914103161
name: K_i

592914
type: Parameter
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: fnak