545913
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746404
type: SpeciesReference

611554
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

642772
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749521
type: SpeciesReference

624952
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799
type: SpeciesReference

749591
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hydroxy coumarin_C9H6O3
type: Species

650441
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747603
type: SpeciesReference

754699
product: 631973
reactant: 631961
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ocdca_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ocdca <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: octadecanoate (n-C18:0) exchange
type: Reaction

682395
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747489
type: SpeciesReference

744940
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

752857
reactant: 588059
reversible: true
reactant: 588073
type: Reaction
reactant: 588086
notes: Abbreviation: R_NKCCt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) cl[e] + k[e] + na1[e] <==> (2) cl[c] + k[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6558#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC12A2# LOCUS:_6557#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC12A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc12a1.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc12a2.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Simon DB, Karet FE, Hamdan JM, DiPietro A, Sanjad SA, Lifton RP#TITLE:Bartter's syndrome, hypokalaemic alkalosis with hypercalciuria, is caused by mutations in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8640224# AUTHORS:Hebert SC, Mount DB, Gamba G#TITLE:Molecular physiology of cation-coupled Cl- cotransport: the SLC12 family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12739168# AUTHORS:Payne JA, Xu JC, Haas M, Lytle CY, Ward D, Forbush B 3rd#TITLE:Primary structure, functional expression, and chromosomal localization of the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-Cl cotransporter in human colon#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7629105# AUTHORS:Russell JM#TITLE:Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport#JOURNAL:Physiol Rev#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10617769# AUTHORS:Bergeron MJ, Gagnon E, Wallendorff B, Lapointe JY, Isenring P.#TITLE:Ammonium transport and pH regulation by K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporters#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Renal Physiol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12657561# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6557.1) or (6558.1)
name: Na+-K+-Cl- cotransport
product: 588098
product: 588110
product: 588122
fast: false

552435
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

522974
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697
type: SpeciesReference

675905
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721
type: SpeciesReference

628672
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745342
type: SpeciesReference

688399
stoichiometry: 10.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

545468
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746200
type: SpeciesReference

693836
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749691
type: SpeciesReference

750403
reactant: 529806
type: Reaction
product: 529854
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Deoxycytidine kinase, mitochondrial (ATP)
notes: Abbreviation: R_DCK1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.74 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [m] : atp + dcyt <==> adp + dcmp + h Confidence Level: 4 IT (2.7.1.74) genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Cheng YC, Domin B, Lee LS.#TITLE:Human deoxycytidine kinase. Purification and characterization of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial isozymes derived from blast cells of acute myelocytic leukemia patients.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta.#YEAR:1977#PUBMED:265735# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 529818
product: 529830
product: 529842

756702
type: Reaction
name: selanocystathionine g-lyase
reactant: 679423
product: 679471
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_SELCYSTGL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.4.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Selenoamino acid metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + selcyst --> 2obut + nh4 + selcys Confidence Level: 4 NCD SAB genes: LOCUS:_1491#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CTH#ECNUMBERS:4.4.1.1# LOCUS:_1491#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CTH#ECNUMBERS:4.4.1.1# proteins: NAME:cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) #ABBREVIATION:Cth.1# NAME:cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) #ABBREVIATION:Cth.2# citations: AUTHORS:Esaki N, Nakamura T, Tanaka H, Soda K#TITLE:Selenocysteine lyase, a novel enzyme that specifically acts on selenocysteine. Mammalian distribution and purification and properties of pig liver enzyme#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6461656# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1491.1) or (1491.2)
product: 679447
reversible: false
reactant: 679435
product: 679459

528289
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

744314
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _4-Trimethylammoniobutanal_C7H16NO
type: Species

619396
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

580317
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744266
type: SpeciesReference

745008
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Anthranilate_C7H6NO2
type: Species

608363
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

586339
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744948
type: SpeciesReference

614895
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748207
type: SpeciesReference

664320
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746611
type: SpeciesReference

564039
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748333
type: SpeciesReference

694450
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746082
type: SpeciesReference

636967
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744730
type: SpeciesReference

575665
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746062
type: SpeciesReference

646250
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749109
type: SpeciesReference

624301
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

540453
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

525996
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745622
type: SpeciesReference

755771
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLNSERNaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: gln-L[e] + na1[e] + ser-L[c] --> gln-L[c] + na1[c] + ser-L[e] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6510.1)
reactant: 657357
product: 657417
reversible: false
name: L-serine/L-glutamine Na-dependent exchange (Gln-L in)
fast: false
product: 657393
type: Reaction
reactant: 657369
reactant: 657381
product: 657405

543169
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747677
type: SpeciesReference

744942
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: L-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

617054
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

749593
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O2
type: Species

754697
product: 631948
reactant: 631936
notes: Abbreviation: R_CARVEOLte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: carveol[e] <==> carveol[c] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism, xenobiotic transport (original and metabolized) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport
type: Reaction

587713
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

654928
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

752855
product: 588020
reactant: 588007
reactant: 587994
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 588033
reversible: true
product: 588046
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE9ly Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 3.1.6.4 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cs_e_deg5 + h2o <==> cs_e_deg6 + h + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Bieli…
name: N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase, lysosomal

679907
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

552001
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

534437
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

756704
product: 679520
product: 679508
reactant: 679496
reactant: 679483
notes: Abbreviation: R_D_DASH_LACt2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: h[e] + lac-D[e] <==> h[c] + lac-D[c] Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_23539#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A8# LOCUS:_9194#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A7# LOCUS:_9123#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A3# LOCUS:_6566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc16a7.1# NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc16a1.1# NAME:solute carrier 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 8#ABBREVIATION:Slc16a8.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc16a3.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Lin RY, Vera JC, Chaganti RS, Golde DW#TITLE:Human monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a high affinity pyruvate transporter#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9786900# AUTHORS:Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier D.R.#TITLE:Biochemistry, 3rd edition#YEAR:2005# AUTHORS:Halestrap AP, Price NT#TITLE:The proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family: structure, function and regulation#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10510291# AUTHORS:Garcia CK, Li X, Luna J, Francke U#TITLE:cDNA cloning of the human monocarboxylate transporter 1 and chromosomal localization of the SLC16A1 locus to 1p13.2-p12#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7835905# AUTHORS:Poole RC, Halestrap AP#TITLE:Transport of lactate and other monocarboxylates across mammalian plasma membranes#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8476015# AUTHORS:Ritzhaupt A, Ellis A, Hosie KB, Shirazi-Beechey SP#TITLE:The characterization of butyrate transport across pig and human colonic luminal membrane#JOURNAL:J Physiol#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9508842# AUTHORS:Ritzhaupt A, Wood IS, Ellis A, Hosie KB, Shirazi-Beechey SP#TITLE:Identification of a monocarboxylate transporter isof…
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-lactate transport via proton symport
type: Reaction

667612
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746436
type: SpeciesReference

750405
product: 529902
fast: false
product: 529914
reactant: 529878
name: spermidine synthase
product: 529890
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPMS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.5.1.16 SUBSYSTEM: Urea cycle/amino group metabolism Equation: [c] : ametam + ptrc --> 5mta + h + spmd Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_6723#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SRM#ECNUMBERS:2.5.1.16# proteins: NAME:spermidine synthase#ABBREVIATION:Srm.1# citations: AUTHORS:Myohanen S, Kauppinen L, Wahlfors J, Alhonen L, Janne J#TITLE:Human spermidine synthase gene: structure and chromosomal localization#JOURNAL:DNA Cell Biol#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:2069720# AUTHORS:Kauppinen L, Myohanen S, Halmekyto M, Alhonen L, Janne J#TITLE:Transgenic mice over-expressing the human spermidine synthase gene#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8343131# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6723.1)
type: Reaction
reactant: 529866

609191
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

647731
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746340
type: SpeciesReference

561025
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746547
type: SpeciesReference

668024
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747477
type: SpeciesReference

587119
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

677290
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

606907
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748729
type: SpeciesReference

746689
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cis-hexadec-9-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] (n-C16:1)_C27H49N2O8PRS
type: Species

693932
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744696
type: SpeciesReference

540393
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744844
type: SpeciesReference

744316
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Trimethylammoniobutanoate_C7H15NO2
type: Species

619180
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746535
type: SpeciesReference

556663
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748333
type: SpeciesReference

522490
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

596621
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749197
type: SpeciesReference

615521
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746076
type: SpeciesReference

592184
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746300
type: SpeciesReference

609047
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744940
type: SpeciesReference

528060
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746965
type: SpeciesReference

569291
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745962
type: SpeciesReference

696714
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

533858
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887
type: SpeciesReference

567892
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746257
type: SpeciesReference

678856
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

652274
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

591324
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744884
type: SpeciesReference

603846
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822
type: SpeciesReference

555976
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744684
type: SpeciesReference

749377
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: cervonic acid, C22:6 n-3_C22H31O2
type: Species

605975
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

538798
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

611699
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745990
type: SpeciesReference

604304
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

754695
reactant: 631900
reversible: false
reactant: 631888
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 631924
name: hydroxypyruvate reductase (NADH)
reactant: 631876
notes: Abbreviation: R_HPYRR2x Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h + hpyr + nadh --> glyc-S + nad Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3945#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHB#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_3948#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHC#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_3939#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHA#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_160287#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHAL6A# LOCUS:_92483#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHAL6B# LOCUS:_197257#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHD# LOCUS:_3948#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:LDHC#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_197257#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:LDHD# proteins: NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A (liver, sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Ldha.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase B (heart, RBC)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhb.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase C (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhc.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase C (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhc.2# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhal6b.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A#ABBREVIATION:Ldhal6a.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase D#ABBREVIATION:Ldhd.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase D#ABBREVIATION:Ldhd.2# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase (heart, RBC, brain, kidney, liver, sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:LdhAB# citations: AUTHORS:Cregeen DP, Williams EL, Hulton S, Rumsby G#TITLE:Molecular analysis of the glyoxylate reductase (GRHPR) gene and description of mutations underlying primary hyperoxaluria type 2#JOURNAL:Hum Mutat#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14635115# AUTHORS:Williams HE, Smith LH Jr.#TITLE:L-glyceric aciduria. A new genetic variant of primary hyperoxaluria#JOURNAL:N Eng J Med#YEAR:1968#PUBMED:5635456# GENE ASSOCIATION: (92483.1) or (3948.2) or (160287.1) or (3945.1 and 3939.1) or (197257.2) or (3939.1) or (197257.1) or (3948.1) or (3945.1)
product: 631912

756890
product: 683745
product: 683733
reactant: 683721
reactant: 683709
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt54m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dadp[m] + dctp[c] --> dadp[c] + dctp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dCTP transport via dADP antiport
type: Reaction

755773
product: 657453
reactant: 657429
reversible: false
product: 657477
fast: false
reactant: 657441
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI4P3Ker Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [r] : atp + pail4p_hs --> adp + h + pail34p_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD Notice that contrary to some standards in texts, KEGG, etc, the Rtotal group accounts for the whole fatty acyl CoA (so the CHO only accounts for the core backbone), manner in which Rtotal was produced accounts for O and H balances. Formation of the Rtotal group (rxn flux)accounted for mass balance for CoA NJ changed EC from 2.7.1.149 (pail5p) to 2.7.1.68 (pail4p) - NCD genes: LOCUS:_5287#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3C2B#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# proteins: NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 2, beta polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Pik3c2b.1-er# citations: AUTHORS:Arcaro A, Volinia S, Zvelebil MJ, Stein R, Watton SJ, Layton MJ, Gout I, Ahmadi K, Downward J, Waterfield MD#TITLE:Human phosphoinositide 3-kinase C2beta, the role of calcium and the C2 domain in enzyme activity#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9830063# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5287.1)
name: phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase, endoplasmic reticulum
product: 657465

599596
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746307
type: SpeciesReference

655168
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744974
type: SpeciesReference

755085
product: 641565
product: 641553
reactant: 641541
reactant: 641529
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCNACPT_L Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 2.7.8.15 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : (0.1) dolp_L + uacgam --> (0.1) naglc2p_L + ump Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_1798#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DPAGT1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.8.15# LOCUS:_1798#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:DPAGT1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.8.15# proteins: NAME:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Dpagt1.1# NAME:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Dpagt1.2# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1798.2) or (1798.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol-phosphate GlcNAc phosphotransferase (liver)
type: Reaction

636533
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

692316
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746979
type: SpeciesReference

666585
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746404
type: SpeciesReference

686296
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

598957
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

531684
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

746687
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl carnitine_C23H43NO4
type: Species

691784
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746533
type: SpeciesReference

573947
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748375
type: SpeciesReference

745004
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: androsterone glucuronide_C25H38O8
type: Species

577891
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747653
type: SpeciesReference

744310
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4-Pyridoxate_C8H9NO4
type: Species

544547
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746605
type: SpeciesReference

755191
product: 644058
product: 644045
reactant: 644033
reactant: 644021
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLPMT_L Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.1.83 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : (0.1) dolp_L + gdpmann --> (0.1) dolmanp_L + gdp Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8813#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DPM1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.83# LOCUS:_8818#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DPM2# LOCUS:_54344#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DPM3# LOCUS:_8818#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:DPM2# LOCUS:_54344#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:DPM3# proteins: NAME:dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Dpm111.1# NAME:dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Dpm112.1# NAME:dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Dpm121.1# NAME:dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Dpm122.1# citations: AUTHORS:Manos EJ, Kim ML, Kassis J, Chang PY, Wells A, Jones DA.#TITLE:Dolichol-phosphate-mannose-3 (DPM3)/prostin-1 is a novel phospholipase C-gamma regulated gene negatively associated with prostate tumor invasion.#JOURNAL:Oncogene#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11420690# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8818.1 and 54344.1 and 8813.1) or (54344.1 and 8818.2 and 8813.1) or (54344.2 and 8818.1 and 8813.1) or (54344.2 and 8818.2 and 8813.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Dolichyl-phosphate D-mannosyltransferase (liver)
type: Reaction

662815
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746206
type: SpeciesReference

643069
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747037
type: SpeciesReference

687674
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

681876
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746699
type: SpeciesReference

590539
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745806
type: SpeciesReference

747329
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Linolenoyl-CoA_C39H60N7O17P3S
type: Species

527186
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745684
type: SpeciesReference

582044
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744926
type: SpeciesReference

617576
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746152
type: SpeciesReference

749379
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Cytosine_C4H5N3O
type: Species

754693
product: 631864
reactant: 631852
notes: Abbreviation: R_G1M7MASNBterg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: g1m7masnB[r] --> g1m7masnB[g] Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Spiro RG#TITLE:Glucose residues as key determinants in the biosynthesis and quality control of glycoproteins with N-linked oligosaccharides.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11007802# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: g1m7masnC endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport
type: Reaction

752859
product: 588147
reactant: 588135
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_xoltri25_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : xoltri25 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _7-alpha,25-Dihydroxycholesterol exchange
type: Reaction

660036
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429
type: SpeciesReference

744200
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA_C35H56N7O18P3S
type: Species

755775
reactant: 657501
product: 657526
notes: Abbreviation: R_RNDR2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.17.4.1 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : gdp + trdrd --> dgdp + h2o + trdox Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_6241#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RRM2#ECNUMBERS:1.17.4.1# LOCUS:_6240#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RRM1#ECNUMBERS:1.7.14.1# proteins: NAME:ribonucleotide reductase #ABBREVIATION:Rrm12.1# citations: AUTHORS:Shao J, Zhou B, Zhu L, Qiu W, Yuan YC, Xi B, Yen Y.#TITLE: In vitro characterization of enzymatic properties and inhibition of the p53R2 subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase. #JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14729598# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6240.1 and 6241.1)
product: 657514
type: Reaction
reactant: 657489
product: 657538
fast: false
name: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (GDP)
reversible: false

612795
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746074
type: SpeciesReference

755087
product: 641589
reactant: 641577
notes: Abbreviation: R_TXASr Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 5.3.99.5 SUBSYSTEM: Eicosanoid Metabolism Equation: [r] : prostgh2 --> txa2 Confidence Level: 0 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6916#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TBXAS1#ECNUMBERS:5.3.99.5# proteins: NAME:thromboxane A synthase 1#ABBREVIATION:Tbxas1.1# citations: TITLE:Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6916.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Thromboxane-A synthase
type: Reaction

672348
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745124
type: SpeciesReference

639362
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

750401
product: 529794
reactant: 529782
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACGALtlg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: acgal[g] <==> acgal[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism - may be vesicular NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: N-acetyl-galactosamine intracellular transport
type: Reaction

590647
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744630
type: SpeciesReference

577153
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746422
type: SpeciesReference

681720
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746647
type: SpeciesReference

601073
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746839
type: SpeciesReference

751901
notes: Abbreviation: R_M13N2Tg Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.101 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : m4masn + uacgam --> h + nm4masn + udp Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4245#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MGAT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.101# proteins: NAME:mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus (liver, kidney)#ABBREVIATION:Mgat1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Yen CL, Farese RV Jr.#TITLE:MGAT2, a monoacylglycerol acyltransferase expressed in the small intestine#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12621063# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4245.1)
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 565195
product: 565171
reactant: 565159
type: Reaction
product: 565183
reactant: 565147
name: alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

645721
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

657138
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

522343
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744824
type: SpeciesReference

691628
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749099
type: SpeciesReference

579337
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

577008
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

756700
product: 679411
reactant: 679399
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ha_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ha <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: hyaluronan exchange
type: Reaction

660629
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

549377
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748803
type: SpeciesReference

745006
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: androsterone glucuronide_C25H38O8
type: Species

746685
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl carnitine_C23H43NO4
type: Species

755193
product: 644082
reactant: 644070
notes: Abbreviation: R_RETI1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.2.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : retinol <==> retinol-cis-11 Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: retinol isomerase (11-cis)
type: Reaction

563379
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

565583
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746893
type: SpeciesReference

624806
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

623287
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

744312
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Trimethylammoniobutanal_C7H16NO
type: Species

681139
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749033
type: SpeciesReference

523878
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

755089
product: 641613
reactant: 641601
notes: Abbreviation: R_KSII_CORE4tly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: ksii_core4[e] --> ksii_core4[l] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: keratan sulfate II (core 4) transport, extracellular to lysosome
type: Reaction

745570
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), degradation product 6_C23H35O27S2
type: Species

670147
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745324
type: SpeciesReference

654374
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748969
type: SpeciesReference

754691
product: 631840
reactant: 631828
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_perillyl_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : perillyl <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Perillyl alcohol exchange
type: Reaction

646676
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748745
type: SpeciesReference

747327
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: alpha-Linolenic acid, C18:3, n-3_C18H29O2
type: Species

756892
product: 683793
product: 683781
reactant: 683769
reactant: 683757
notes: Abbreviation: R_VALt4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: na1[e] + val-L[e] --> na1[c] + val-L[c] Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_11254#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A14# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a14.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW#TITLE:Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12719981# AUTHORS:Van Winkle LJ#TITLE:Amino acid transport regulation and early embryo development#JOURNAL:Biol Reprod#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11133652# GENE ASSOCIATION: (11254.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-valine transport in via sodium symport
type: Reaction

547565
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746403
type: SpeciesReference

546851
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

687564
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

680632
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746260
type: SpeciesReference

678264
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

523722
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747543
type: SpeciesReference

612381
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745058
type: SpeciesReference

744202
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
type: Species

531576
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745476
type: SpeciesReference

533051
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218
type: SpeciesReference

755081
product: 641468
reactant: 641456
notes: Abbreviation: R_O2Stn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: o2s[c] <==> o2s[n] Confidence Level: 2 genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Archibald F.#TITLE:Oxygen toxicity and the health and survival of eukaryote cells: a new piece is added to the puzzle. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12939409# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: superoxide anion transport via diffusion (nucleus)
type: Reaction

561133
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748891
type: SpeciesReference

744948
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Aldosterone_C21H28O5
type: Species

753589
name: pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase
type: Reaction
product: 605091
reactant: 605066
reactant: 605079
reversible: true
reactant: 605054
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_PTPAT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.7.3 SUBSYSTEM: CoA Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : atp + h + pan4p <==> dpcoa + ppi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_80347#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:KDTB/COAE#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.3/2.7.1.24# proteins: NAME:pantetheine-phosphate adenyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:KdtB.1# citations: AUTHORS:Daugherty M, Polanuyer B, Farrell M, Scholle M, Lykidis A, de Crecy-Lagard V, Osterman A. #TITLE:Complete reconstitution of the human coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway via comparative genomics.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11923312# AUTHORS:Aghajanian S, Worrall DM.#TITLE:Identification and characterization of the gene encoding the human phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase and dephospho-CoA kinase bifunctional enzyme (CoA synthase).#JOURNAL:Biochem J.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11994049# GENE ASSOCIATION: (80347.1)
product: 605103

576308
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744570
type: SpeciesReference

746797
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 3_C81H117N5O97S10
type: Species

682973
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745882
type: SpeciesReference

745112
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Aspartate_C4H6NO4
type: Species

523650
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743878
type: SpeciesReference

530847
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745830
type: SpeciesReference

634342
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747185
type: SpeciesReference

756894
product: 683842
product: 683830
reactant: 683817
reactant: 683805
notes: Abbreviation: R_NDPK4n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.6 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : atp + dtdp <==> adp + dttp Confidence Level: 4 Many nucleoside diphosphates (eight described) can act as acceptors. While many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donors, only ATP is chosen as a donor to minimize the number of total reactions. genes: LOCUS:_4831#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME2# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME1# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NME1# proteins: NAME:Nucleosinde diphosphate kinase AB, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:NME12_n.1# NAME:Nucleosinde diphosphate kinase AB, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:NME12_n.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4831.1 and 4830.1) or (4830.2 and 4831.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (ATP:dTDP), nuclear
type: Reaction

689771
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745696
type: SpeciesReference

658518
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

534208
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

688940
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

692206
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745626
type: SpeciesReference

666693
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746038
type: SpeciesReference

613218
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749677
type: SpeciesReference

582153
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746647
type: SpeciesReference

647623
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

651827
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

529782
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744682
type: SpeciesReference

529408
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120
type: SpeciesReference

755195
product: 644130
product: 644118
reactant: 644106
reactant: 644094
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALKP Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.1 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : dhap + h2o --> dha + pi Confidence Level: 4 added for staph (SAB) genes: LOCUS:_249#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALPL#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.1# LOCUS:_248#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALPI#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.1# LOCUS:_250#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALPP#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.1# LOCUS:_251#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALPPL2# proteins: NAME:alkapline phosphatase, intestinal#ABBREVIATION:Alpi.1# NAME:alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney#ABBREVIATION:Alpl.1# NAME:alkaline phosphatase, placental (Regan isozyme)#ABBREVIATION:Alpp.1# NAME:alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2#ABBREVIATION:Alppl2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Knoll BJ, Rothblum KN, Longley M.#TITLE:Nucleotide sequence of the human placental alkaline phosphatase gene. Evolution of the 5' flanking region by deletion/substitution.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3042787# GENE ASSOCIATION: (248.1) or (251.1) or (249.1) or (250.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alkaline phosphatase
type: Reaction

589466
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743924
type: SpeciesReference

596031
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746967
type: SpeciesReference

556240
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747157
type: SpeciesReference

586109
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745564
type: SpeciesReference

603954
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747695
type: SpeciesReference

530992
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749089
type: SpeciesReference

544656
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746689
type: SpeciesReference

661026
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746423
type: SpeciesReference

749487
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
type: Species

622046
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

526542
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747623
type: SpeciesReference

584927
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745946
type: SpeciesReference

752973
product: 590853
reactant: 590841
notes: Abbreviation: R_NIFEDIPINEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: nifedipine[e] <==> nifedipine[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, related cyp P450 metabolism reactions NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport
type: Reaction

749489
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
type: Species

747609
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA_C25H35N7O19P3S
type: Species

646784
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746293
type: SpeciesReference

620952
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

745460
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: coumarin_C9H6O2
type: Species

559803
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

755083
product: 641517
product: 641505
reactant: 641493
reactant: 641481
notes: Abbreviation: R_UMPK2n Synonyms: _9 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : ctp + ump <==> cdp + udp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: UMP kinase (CTP),nuclear
type: Reaction

744204
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Phospho-D-glycerate_C3H4O7P
type: Species

541094
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

745114
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3
type: Species

753587
product: 605042
reactant: 605030
notes: Abbreviation: R_SGALSIDEtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: sgalside_hs[c] <==> sgalside_hs[l] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - however must get to other intracellular compartments (e.g. lysosome for degradation) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sgalside_hs intracellular transport
type: Reaction

563221
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

746795
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 2_C79H116N5O96S10
type: Species

538687
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748987
type: SpeciesReference

746793
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 25_C23H37O21
type: Species

756896
name: N-acetylglucosamine-3-sulfatase, lysosomal
fast: false
product: 683891
product: 683879
reversible: true
type: Reaction
reactant: 683867
reactant: 683855
product: 683904
notes: Abbreviation: R_S3TASE2ly Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 3.1.6.15 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg17 <==> h + hs_deg18 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Leder IG#TITLE:A novel 3-O sulfatase from human urine acting on methyl-2-deoxy-2-sulfamino-alphs-D-glucopyranoside 3-sulfate#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1980#PUBMED:7396957# GENE ASSOCIATION:

534801
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747579
type: SpeciesReference

547674
stoichiometry: 7.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

673893
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747671
type: SpeciesReference

627745
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746731
type: SpeciesReference

670038
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749293
type: SpeciesReference

645877
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745046
type: SpeciesReference

686188
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746298
type: SpeciesReference

551784
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619
type: SpeciesReference

592846
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595
type: SpeciesReference

599488
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748873
type: SpeciesReference

755197
name: ABC transporter
fast: false
reactant: 644166
product: 644214
notes: Abbreviation: R_ESTRONEGLCt Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: atp[c] + estroneglc[c] + h2o[c] --> adp[c] + estroneglc[e] + h[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 for bile acid secretion into bile NJ genes: LOCUS:_8714#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABCC3# LOCUS:_8714#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ABCC3# LOCUS:_8714#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ABCC3# proteins: NAME:ABC, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Abcc3.1# NAME:ABC, sub-family C, (CFTR/MRP), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Abcc3.2# NAME:ABC, sub-family C, (CFTR/MRP), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Abcc3.3# citations: AUTHORS:Kiuchi Y, Suzuki H, Hirohashi T, Tyson CA, Sugiyama Y.#TITLE:cDNA cloning and inducible expression of human multidrug resistance associated protein 3 (MRP3).#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9738950# AUTHORS:Uchiumi T, Hinoshita E, Haga S, Nakamura T, Tanaka T, Toh S, Furukawa M, Kawabe T, Wada M, Kagotani K, Okumura K, Kohno K, Akiyama S, Kuwano M.#TITLE:Isolation of a novel human canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter, cMOAT2/MRP3, and its expression in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells with decreased ATP-dependent drug transport.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9813153# AUTHORS:Scheffer GL, Kool M, de Haas M, de Vree JM, Pijnenborg AC, Bosman DK, Elferink RP, van der Valk P, Borst P, Scheper RJ.#TITLE:Tissue distribution and induction of human multidrug resistant protein 3.#JOURNAL:Lab Invest.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11850532# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8714.1) or (8714.3) or (8714.2)
reactant: 644142
type: Reaction
product: 644178
product: 644202
reactant: 644154
reversible: false
product: 644190

752971
product: 590829
product: 590816
reactant: 590803
reactant: 590791
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK11n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : dcmp + dgtp <==> dcdp + dgdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (dCMP,dGTP),nuclear
type: Reaction

752749
product: 585578
product: 585566
reactant: 585554
reactant: 585542
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSAPASEly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cspg_a + h2o --> Ser-Gly/Ala-X-Gly + cs_a Confidence Level: 1 Note that this reaction occurs in the endosome during endocytosis, but has been compartmentalized as lysosomal. NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: chondroitin sulfate A proteoglycan protease, lysosome (endosome)
type: Reaction

549268
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745158
type: SpeciesReference

607674
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855
type: SpeciesReference

660738
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746639
type: SpeciesReference

633267
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745830
type: SpeciesReference

598727
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744740
type: SpeciesReference

658638
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

756706
product: 679604
reactant: 679532
product: 679592
reactant: 679544
reactant: 679556
name: cytochrome P450 3A5
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4503A5 Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: CYP Metabolism Equation: [c] : aflatoxin + h + nadph + o2 --> eaflatoxin + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 _8,9 epoxidation of aflatoxin assumed to take place on outer membrane NJ genes: LOCUS:_1577#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP3A5# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 5#ABBREVIATION:Cyp3a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lewis DF.#TITLE:_57 varieties: the human cytochromes P450.#JOURNAL:Pharmacogenomics#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15579107# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1577.1)
fast: false
reactant: 679568
product: 679580
type: Reaction
reversible: false

684905
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

528132
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746755
type: SpeciesReference

755199
product: 644263
product: 644251
reactant: 644239
reactant: 644227
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALASE12ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg32 --> gal + ksi_deg33 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Bielicki J,…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-galactosidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

586867
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748939
type: SpeciesReference

549883
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901
type: SpeciesReference

635435
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

745116
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3
type: Species

680777
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744010
type: SpeciesReference

744206
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Phosphohydroxypyruvate_C3H2O7P
type: Species

682286
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744590
type: SpeciesReference

744944
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

616909
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746120
type: SpeciesReference

619288
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747123
type: SpeciesReference

750407
product: 529938
reactant: 529926
notes: Abbreviation: R_ESTRIOLtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: estriol[r] <==> estriol[c] Confidence Level: 2 specific mechanism not known, proton dependence for trans-mit transport has been suggested, however directionality and stoichiometry has not yet been elucidated. see PMID: 12770731 and others NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: estriol intracellular transport
type: Reaction

646361
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749075
type: SpeciesReference

691050
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744766
type: SpeciesReference

650598
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746430
type: SpeciesReference

544232
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

567781
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

693728
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745502
type: SpeciesReference

571056
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749171
type: SpeciesReference

545310
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

655757
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748489
type: SpeciesReference

628564
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745108
type: SpeciesReference

756898
reversible: false
fast: false
reactant: 683928
notes: Abbreviation: R_SBTR Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Fructose and Mannose Metabolism Equation: [c] : glc-D + h + nadph --> nadp + sbt-D Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10327#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AKR1A1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.2# LOCUS:_231#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AKR1B1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.21# LOCUS:_8574#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AKR7A2# LOCUS:_10327#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AKR1A1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.2# proteins: NAME:aldo-keto reductase family 1, member a1#ABBREVIATION:Akr1a1.1# NAME:aldo-keto reductase family 1, member a1#ABBREVIATION:Akr1a1.2# NAME:aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase)#ABBREVIATION:Akr1b1.1# NAME:aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A2 (aflatoxin aldehyde reductase)#ABBREVIATION:Akr7a2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier D.R.#TITLE:Biochemistry, 3rd edition#YEAR:2005# AUTHORS:Kelly VP, Sherratt PJ, Crouch DH, Hayes JD#TITLE:Novel homodimeric and heterodimeric rat gamma-hydroxybutyrate synthases that associate with the Golgi apparatus define a distinct subclass of aldo-keto reductase 7 family proteins.#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12071861# AUTHORS:Praml C, Savelyeva L, Perri P, Schwab M.#TITLE:Cloning of the human aflatoxin B1-aldehyde reductase gene at 1p35-1p36.1 in a region frequently altered in human tumor cells.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9823300# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8574.1) or (231.1) or (10327.2) or (10327.1)
reactant: 683940
name: D-sorbitol reductase
type: Reaction
reactant: 683916
product: 683952
product: 683964

582876
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746164
type: SpeciesReference

530702
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745750
type: SpeciesReference

689012
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744294
type: SpeciesReference

752747
fast: false
product: 585530
reversible: false
reactant: 585469
notes: Abbreviation: R_GMPS2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.5.2 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : atp + gln-L + h2o + xmp --> amp + glu-L + gmp + (2) h + ppi Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_8833#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GMPS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.5.2# proteins: NAME:guanine monophosphate synthetase#ABBREVIATION:Gmps.1# citations: AUTHORS:Nakamura J, Lou L. #TITLE:Biochemical characterization of human GMP synthetase.#JOURNAL: J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7706277# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8833.1)
reactant: 585445
product: 585506
product: 585481
product: 585518
product: 585493
name: GMP synthase
type: Reaction
reactant: 585457
reactant: 585433

608254
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746252
type: SpeciesReference

604038
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

564749
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

756708
product: 679628
reactant: 679616
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCFUC132GALACGLCGAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: fucfuc132galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> fucfuc132galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

683928
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

659904
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747677
type: SpeciesReference

678748
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747401
type: SpeciesReference

686068
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799
type: SpeciesReference

689627
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745528
type: SpeciesReference

641817
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747989
type: SpeciesReference

654710
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744938
type: SpeciesReference

592292
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745444
type: SpeciesReference

535258
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

544087
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748009
type: SpeciesReference

644142
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

543278
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

746799
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 4_C73H104N4O92S10
type: Species

619072
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746919
type: SpeciesReference

595025
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

744208
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Sulfino-L-alanine_C3H5NO4S
type: Species

636810
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746617
type: SpeciesReference

745118
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3
type: Species

615413
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

662923
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744762
type: SpeciesReference

566808
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744672
type: SpeciesReference

575774
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746921
type: SpeciesReference

750409
product: 529962
reactant: 529950
notes: Abbreviation: R_HPYRtp Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: hpyr[c] <==> hpyr[x] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Johnson SA, Rumsby G, Cregeen D, Hulton SA#TITLE:Primary hyperoxaluria type 2 in children.#JOURNAL:Pediatr Nephrol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12185464# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: hydroxypyruate transport, peroxisomal
type: Reaction

660315
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746453
type: SpeciesReference

744946
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: L-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

652165
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745284
type: SpeciesReference

533749
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743934
type: SpeciesReference

668132
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747149
type: SpeciesReference

568221
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744108
type: SpeciesReference

690109
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

690254
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744984
type: SpeciesReference

596778
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744236
type: SpeciesReference

539088
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744332
type: SpeciesReference

587603
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

752745
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GALTg Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.1.86 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : acglcgalgluside_hs + udpgal --> galacglcgalgluside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 2 general reaction - no gene association get NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 585385
reactant: 585373
product: 585397
reversible: false
product: 585421
name: Beta galactosyltransferase
fast: false
product: 585409
type: Reaction

556554
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747553
type: SpeciesReference

557075
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

642884
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744658
type: SpeciesReference

663923
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746605
type: SpeciesReference

745456
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: p-coumaroyl-CoA_C30H38N7O18P3S1
type: Species

651972
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

552591
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

594201
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744880
type: SpeciesReference

754395
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAS140COA Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.86 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid elongation Equation: [c] : ddcacoa + (3) h + malcoa + (2) nadph --> co2 + coa + h2o + (2) nadp + tdcoa Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2194#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FASN#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.85# proteins: NAME:fatty acid synthase#ABBREVIATION:Fasn.1# citations: AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Chakravarty B, Gu Z, Chirala SS, Wakil SJ, Quiocho FA.#TITLE:Human fatty acid synthase: structure and substrate selectivity of the thioesterase domain.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15507492# AUTHORS:Brink J, Ludtke SJ, Yang CY, Gu ZW, Wakil SJ, Chiu W.#TITLE:Quaternary structure of human fatty acid synthase by electron cryomicroscopy.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11756679# AUTHORS:Wakil SJ.#TITLE:Fatty acid synthase, a proficient multifunctional enzyme.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2669958# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2194.1)
product: 625085
reactant: 625012
product: 625072
reactant: 625048
product: 625060
reactant: 625024
reversible: false
name: fatty-acyl-CoA synthase (n-C14:0CoA)
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 625109
product: 625097
reactant: 625036

691386
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747403
type: SpeciesReference

543966
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749095
type: SpeciesReference

641961
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

752969
product: 590779
product: 590767
reactant: 590755
notes: Abbreviation: R_GUACYC Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 4.6.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : gtp --> 35cgmp + ppi Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_2984#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUCY2C# LOCUS:_2977#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUCY1A2# LOCUS:_2986#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUCY2F#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.2# LOCUS:_2983#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUCY1B3# LOCUS:_2982#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUCY1A3# LOCUS:_2974#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUCY1B2#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.2# LOCUS:_4882#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NPR2# LOCUS:_4881#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NPR1# LOCUS:_3000#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUCY2D# LOCUS:_4882#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NPR2# proteins: NAME:natriuretic peptide receptor A/guanylate cyclase A (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor A) #ABBREVIATION:Npr1.1# NAME:natriuretic peptide receptor B/guanylate cyclase B (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor B) #ABBREVIATION:Npr2.1# NAME:natriuretic peptide receptor B/guanylate cyclase B (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor B) #ABBREVIATION:Npr2.2# NAME:guanylate cyclase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Gucy1A2B2.1# NAME:guanylate cyclase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Gucy1A3B3.1# NAME:guanylate cyclase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Gucy1A3B2.1# NAME:guanylate cyclase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Gucy1A2B3.1# NAME:guanylate cyclase 2C (heat stable enterotoxin receptor) #ABBREVIATION:Gucy2C.1# NAME:guanylate cyclase 2D, membrane (retina-specific) #ABBREVIATION:Gucy2D.1# NAME:guanylate cyclase 2F, retinal #ABBREVIATION:Gucy2F.1# citations: AUTHORS:Pardhasaradhi K, Kutty RK, Gentleman S, Krishna G.#TITLE:Expression of mRNA for atrial natriuretic peptide receptor guanylate cyclase (ANPRA) in human retina. #JOURNAL:Cell Mol Neurobiol. #YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7954658# AUTHORS:Arden KC, Viars CS, Weiss S, Argentin S, Nemer M.#TITLE:Localization of the human B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NPPB) gene to chromosome 1p36. #JOURNAL:Genomics. #YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7601467# AUTHORS:Koptides M, Mean R, Stavrou C, Pierides A, Demetriou K, Nakayama T, Hildebrandt F, Fuchshu…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: guanylate cyclase
type: Reaction

613374
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

755625
product: 653986
product: 653974
reactant: 653962
reactant: 653950
notes: Abbreviation: R_GTHDH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.8.5.1 SUBSYSTEM: Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism Equation: [c] : dhdascb + (2) gthrd --> ascb-L + gthox Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Glutathione dehydrogenase (dehydroascorbate reductase)
type: Reaction

624505
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744168
type: SpeciesReference

600271
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749281
type: SpeciesReference

752755
reactant: 585687
name: glycine-cleavage system (lipoamide) irreversible, mitochondrial
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 585699
product: 585711
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_GCC2bim Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.1.2.10 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [m] : alpam + thf --> dhlam + mlthf + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2731#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLDC#ECNUMBERS:1.4.4.2# LOCUS:_275#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AMT#ECNUMBERS:2.1.2.10# LOCUS:_1738#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DLD#ECNUMBERS:1.8.1.4# LOCUS:_2653#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GCSH# proteins: NAME:glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating; glycine decarboxylase, glycine cleavage system protein P), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Gldc.1-m# NAME:aminomethyltransferase (glycine cleavage system protein T), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Amt.1-m# NAME:glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier) #ABBREVIATION:Gcsh.1-m# NAME:dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Dld.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Lee HH, Kim do J, Ahn HJ, Ha JY, Suh SW.#TITLE:Crystal structure of T-protein of the glycine cleavage system. Cofactor binding, insights into H-protein recognition, and molecular basis for understanding nonketotic hyperglycinemia.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15355973# GENE ASSOCIATION: (275.1) and (1738.1) and (2731.1) and (2653.1)
product: 585723
reactant: 585675

644214
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

591770
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species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

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name: N-Methylserotonin_C11H15N2O
type: Species

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species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 745644
type: SpeciesReference

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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Tyrosine_C9H11NO3
type: Species

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species: 744792
type: SpeciesReference

561653
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species: 748567
type: SpeciesReference

529625
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

745568
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), degradation product 5_C31H48NO32S2
type: Species

750629
product: 535053
reactant: 535041
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_coumarin_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : coumarin <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: coumarin exchange
type: Reaction

753581
product: 604933
product: 604921
reactant: 604909
reactant: 604897
notes: Abbreviation: R_PTDCACRNCPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + ptdcacrn --> crn + ptdcacoa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1376#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# proteins: NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Cpt2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Finocchiaro G, Taroni F, Rocchi M, Martin AL, Colombo I, Tarelli GT, DiDonato S. #TITLE:cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the gene for human carnitine palmitoyltransferase. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1988962# AUTHORS:Taroni F, Verderio E, Fiorucci S, Cavadini P, Finocchiaro G, Uziel G, Lamantea E, Gellera C, DiDonato S.#TITLE:Molecular characterization of inherited carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1528846# AUTHORS:Fraser F, Padovese R, Zammit VA.#TITLE:Distinct kinetics of carnitine palmitoyltransferase i in contact sites and outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11274214# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1376.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: pentadecanoate transport into the mitochondria
type: Reaction

612648
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

604679
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745806
type: SpeciesReference

579483
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746426
type: SpeciesReference

553812
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species: 744916
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678119
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species: 744138
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600114
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species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

747603
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: (R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA_C25H35N7O19P3S
type: Species

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boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
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initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Thiamin_C12H17N4OS
type: Species

600890
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species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

687782
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species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

745458
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: coumarin_C9H6O2
type: Species

755627
fast: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 653998
product: 654022
name: lipase
product: 654034
reversible: false
product: 654047
notes: Abbreviation: R_LPS Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 3.1.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Triacylglycerol Synthesis Equation: [c] : h2o + tag_hs --> Rtotal3 + dag_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 carbonyl and extra H accounted for in R group NJ genes: LOCUS:_4023#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LPL#ECNUMBERS:3.1.1.34# proteins: NAME:lipoprotein lipase#ABBREVIATION:Lpl.1# citations: AUTHORS:Emi M, Wilson DE, Iverius PH, Wu L, Hata A, Hegele R, Williams RR, Lalouel JM.#TITLE:Missense mutation (Gly----Glu188) of human lipoprotein lipase imparting functional deficiency.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1969408# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4023.1)
reactant: 654010

752753
product: 585663
reactant: 585651
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_tdchola_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : tdchola <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: taurochenodeoxycholate exchange
type: Reaction

547891
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

752967
reactant: 590695
name: glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD) (mitochondrial)
fast: false
reactant: 590671
product: 590707
reactant: 590683
product: 590731
type: Reaction
product: 590719
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLUDxm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Glutamate metabolism Equation: [m] : glu-L + h2o + nad <==> akg + h + nadh + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_2746#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLUD1#ECNUMBERS:1.4.1.3# LOCUS:_2747#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLUD2# proteins: NAME:glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Glud1.1-m# NAME:glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Glud2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Jie FANG , Betty Y. L. HSU , Courtney M. MACMULLEN , Mortimer PONCZ , Thomas J. SMITH and Charles A. STANLEY#TITLE:Expression, purification and characterization of human glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) allosteric regulatory mutations #YEAR:2002# AUTHORS:Zaganas I, Spanaki C, Karpusas M, Plaitakis A.#TITLE:Substitution of Ser for Arg-443 in the regulatory domain of human housekeeping (GLUD1) glutamate dehydrogenase virtually abolishes basal activity and markedly alters the activation of the enzyme by ADP and L-leucine.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12324473# AUTHORS:Mavrothalassitis G, Tzimagiorgis G, Mitsialis A, Zannis V, Plaitakis A, Papamatheakis J, Moschonas N.#TITLE:Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding human liver glutamate dehydrogenase: evidence for a small gene family. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3368458# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2747.1) or (2746.1)
product: 590743
reversible: true

749481
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Lea glycolipid_C50H89N2O26FULLRCO
type: Species

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species: 748725
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species: 747933
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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: L-Tyrosine_C9H11NO3
type: Species

643285
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species: 747837
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 748887
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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: N-Methylputrescine_C5H16N2
type: Species

677566
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981
type: SpeciesReference

594429
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746403
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 744550
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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

756440
product: 673206
product: 673194
product: 673182
reactant: 673170
notes: Abbreviation: R_CRTNsyn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Urea cycle/amino group metabolism Equation: [c] : pcreat --> crtn + h + pi Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Salway, JG#TITLE:Metabolism at a Glance, 2nd ed#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Creatinine synthase
type: Reaction

630375
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748867
type: SpeciesReference

586231
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218
type: SpeciesReference

580415
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747803
type: SpeciesReference

754249
product: 621181
reactant: 621169
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_retpalm Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : retpalm [deleted 10/09/2005 06:18:49 PM] <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Retinyl palminate exchange
type: Reaction

549049
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749035
type: SpeciesReference

690986
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749151
type: SpeciesReference

576645
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901
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species: 744436
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 747689
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species: 747355
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species: 746605
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748709
constant: false
boundary condition: false
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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Thiamin_C12H17N4OS
type: Species

754393
product: 625000
product: 624988
reactant: 624976
reactant: 624964
notes: Abbreviation: R_DLNLCGCPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + dlnlcgcrn --> crn + dlnlcgcoa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1376#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# proteins: NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Cpt2.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1376.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine transferase
type: Reaction

659205
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745872
type: SpeciesReference

668867
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652
type: SpeciesReference

655060
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

747601
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Methylamine_C1H6N
type: Species

752965
product: 590659
product: 590647
reactant: 590635
reactant: 590623
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACt2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: acac[e] + h[e] <==> acac[c] + h[c] Confidence Level: 4 originally named AACTP NCD genes: LOCUS:_9194#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A7# LOCUS:_6566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc16a7.1# NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc16a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lin RY, Vera JC, Chaganti RS, Golde DW#TITLE:Human monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a high affinity pyruvate transporter#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9786900# AUTHORS:Halestrap AP, Price NT#TITLE:The proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family: structure, function and regulation#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10510291# AUTHORS:Garcia CK, Li X, Luna J, Francke U#TITLE:cDNA cloning of the human monocarboxylate transporter 1 and chromosomal localization of the SLC16A1 locus to 1p13.2-p12#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7835905# AUTHORS:Poole RC, Halestrap AP#TITLE:Transport of lactate and other monocarboxylates across mammalian plasma membranes#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8476015# AUTHORS:Ritzhaupt A, Ellis A, Hosie KB, Shirazi-Beechey SP#TITLE:The characterization of butyrate transport across pig and human colonic luminal membrane#JOURNAL:J Physiol#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9508842# AUTHORS:Ritzhaupt A, Wood IS, Ellis A, Hosie KB, Shirazi-Beechey SP#TITLE:Identification of a monocarboxylate transporter isoform type 1 (MCT1) on the luminal membrane of human and pig colon#JOURNAL:Biochem Soc Trans#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9649795# AUTHORS:Ritzhaupt A, Wood IS, Ellis A, Hosie KB, Shirazi-Beechey SP#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) in pig and human colon: its potential to transport L-lactate as well as butyrate#JOURNAL:J Physiol#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9824713# AUTHORS:Halestrap AP, Meredith D#TITLE:The SLC16 gene family-fr…
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acetoacetate transport via proton symport
type: Reaction

749483
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Fucose_C6H12O5
type: Species

612038
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746281
type: SpeciesReference

661565
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species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747815
type: SpeciesReference

754399
product: 625193
reactant: 625181
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_biocyt_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : biocyt <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Biocytin exchange
type: Reaction

551095
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

544971
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747437
type: SpeciesReference

752751
reversible: false
name: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
reactant: 585590
type: Reaction
reactant: 585602
product: 585638
notes: Abbreviation: R_AG13T2g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksii_core2_pre4 + uacgam --> h + ksii_core2_pre5 + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_11041#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT6# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_284208#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNTL1# LOCUS:_93010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT7# LOCUS:_79369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT4# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1#ABBREVIATION:B3gntl1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt4.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K#TITLE:Identification and characterization of three novel beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the beta 1,3-galactosy…
product: 585614
fast: false
product: 585626

755621
product: 653877
product: 653865
reactant: 653853
reactant: 653841
notes: Abbreviation: R_NDPK2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.6 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : atp + udp <==> adp + utp Confidence Level: 4 Many nucleoside diphosphates (eight described) can act as acceptors. While many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donors, only ATP is chosen as a donor to minimize the number of total reactions. genes: LOCUS:_29922#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME7# LOCUS:_4831#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME2# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME1# LOCUS:_4832#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME3# LOCUS:_10201#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME6# LOCUS:_29922#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NME7# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NME1# proteins: NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase AB #ABBREVIATION:NME12.1# NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase AB#ABBREVIATION:NME12.2# NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3#ABBREVIATION:NME3.1# NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6#ABBREVIATION:NME6.1# NAME:Nucleoside phosphate kinase 7#ABBREVIATION:NME7.1# NAME:Nucleoside phosphate kinase 7#ABBREVIATION:NME7.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (29922.2) or (10201.1) or (4831.1 and 4830.1) or (4832.1) or (4831.1 and 4830.2) or (29922.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (ATP:UDP)
type: Reaction

580644
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745410
type: SpeciesReference

745452
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 8_C14H24NO10X
type: Species

671518
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species: 749912
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604255
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

560820
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

756442
reactant: 673231
name: Glycine secretion via secretory vesicle (ATP driven)
product: 673291
product: 673267
reactant: 673219
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLYVESSEC Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: atp[c] + (3) gly[c] + h2o[c] --> adp[c] + (3) gly[e] + h[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB This reaction represents the ATP driven secretion of glu from the cell. It leaves out the vesicle because a compartment is not available for that. ATP demand is not known for sure stoichiometrically, but 1:1 H coupling ratio is assumed, which could translate to 3 gly/ATP. genes: LOCUS:_140679#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC32A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc32a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Gasnier B#TITLE:The SLC32 transporter, a key protein for the synaptic release of inhibitory amino acids#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12750892# AUTHORS:Wagner CA, Finberg KE, Breton S, Marshansky V, Brown D, Geibel JP#TITLE:Renal vacuolar H+-ATPase#JOURNAL:Physiol Rev#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15383652# GENE ASSOCIATION: (140679.1)
product: 673279
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 673255
reversible: false
reactant: 673243

747753
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: NMN_C11H14N2O8P
type: Species

585181
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748305
type: SpeciesReference

687143
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

571274
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

569071
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

664211
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748053
type: SpeciesReference

647032
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747671
type: SpeciesReference

688241
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

586795
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747729
type: SpeciesReference

745120
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3
type: Species

585699
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745880
type: SpeciesReference

655301
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

657030
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434
type: SpeciesReference

539644
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749047
type: SpeciesReference

586447
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

597376
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

753585
product: 605018
product: 605006
reactant: 604994
reactant: 604982
notes: Abbreviation: R_IDOAASE1ly Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 3.2.1.76 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg4 --> hs_deg5 + idour Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3425#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:IDUA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.76# proteins: NAME:iduronidase, alpha-L-, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Idua.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Scott HS, Anson DS, Orsborn AM, Nelson PV, Clements PR, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human alpha-L-iduronidase: cDNA isolation and expression#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1946389# AUTHORS:Clements PR, Brooks DA, McCourt PA, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Immunopurification and characterization of human alpha-L-iduronidase with the use of monoclonal antibodies#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2470345# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3425.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-L-iduronidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

594939
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

754247
product: 621157
product: 621145
reactant: 621133
reactant: 621121
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTD11 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Purine Catabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + imp --> ins + pi Confidence Level: 4 Wide specificity for 5'-nucleotides Also see EC 3.1.3.31 genes: LOCUS:_93034#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NT5C1B#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.5# LOCUS:_22978#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NT5C2# LOCUS:_93034#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NT5C1B#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.5# proteins: NAME:_5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II #ABBREVIATION:Nt5C2.1# NAME:_5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IB #ABBREVIATION:Nt5c1B.1# NAME:_5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IB #ABBREVIATION:Nt5c1B.2# citations: AUTHORS:Oka J, Matsumoto A, Hosokawa Y, Inoue S. #TITLE:Molecular cloning of human cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun. #YEAR:1994# AUTHORS:Hunsucker SA, Spychala J, Mitchell BS.#TITLE:Human cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase I: characterization and role in nucleoside analog resistance. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11133996# GENE ASSOCIATION: (22978.1) or (93034.2) or (93034.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5'-nucleotidase (IMP)
type: Reaction

642663
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

613084
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746406
type: SpeciesReference

745450
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 7_C16H27N2O10X
type: Species

757279
product: 693305
product: 693293
reactant: 693281
reactant: 693268
notes: Abbreviation: R_UDPGLCter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: udpg[c] + ump[r] <==> udpg[r] + ump[c] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Trombetta ES, Helenius A.#TITLE:Glycoprotein reglucosylation and nucleotide sugar utilization in the secretory pathway: identification of a nucleoside diphosphatase in the endoplasmic reticulum.#JOURNAL:EMBO J#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10369669# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: UDP-Glc endoplasmic reticulum transport via CMP antiport
type: Reaction

570597
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749115
type: SpeciesReference

748997
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: w hydroxy testosterone_C19H28O3
type: Species

750625
product: 534969
reactant: 534957
notes: Abbreviation: R_COAtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: coa[c] <==> coa[m] Confidence Level: 4 TV May not a "real" transporter, use in heart mitochondria model only genes: LOCUS:_8034#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A16# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25 member 16, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a16.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8034.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: CoA transporter
type: Reaction

627528
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744938
type: SpeciesReference

613663
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746366
type: SpeciesReference

756556
product: 675977
product: 675965
reactant: 675953
reactant: 675941
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSNATp Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [x] : accoa + crn <==> acrn + coa Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_1384#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CRAT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.7# proteins: NAME:carnitine acetyltransferase, perixosomal#ABBREVIATION:Crat.2-x# citations: AUTHORS:Corti O, Finocchiaro G, Rossi E, Zuffardi O, DiDonato S.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding human carnitine acetyltransferase and mapping of the corresponding gene to chromosome 9q34.1.#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7829107# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1384.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: carnitine O-acetyltransferase, reverse direction, peroxisomal
type: Reaction

685312
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746907
type: SpeciesReference

621531
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747205
type: SpeciesReference

609756
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

658856
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408
type: SpeciesReference

747607
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA_C25H35N7O19P3S
type: Species

658783
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

748703
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate_C19H21N7O6
type: Species

678964
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747907
type: SpeciesReference

749485
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (Gal)2 (GalNAc)1 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)1 (LFuc)2 (Cer)1_C64H112N3O35FULLRCO
type: Species

623841
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

644360
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748549
type: SpeciesReference

552880
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746344
type: SpeciesReference

564316
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

564893
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746907
type: SpeciesReference

519720
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

752963
product: 590611
reactant: 590599
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_gam_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : gam <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Glucosamine exchange
type: Reaction

697127
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746212
type: SpeciesReference

754397
notes: Abbreviation: R_ABO4g Synonyms: _10 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : fuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + udpacgal --> acgalfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_28#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABO# proteins: NAME:ABO blood group#ABBREVIATION:Abo.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lloyd KO.#TITLE:The chemistry and immunochemistry of blood group A, B, H, and Lewis antigens: past, present and future.#JOURNAL:Glycoconj J#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11421346# AUTHORS:Yamamoto F.-I., Hakomori S.-I.;#TITLE:Sugar-nucleotide donor specificity of histo-blood group A and B transferases is based on amino acid substitutions#JOURNAL:J. Biol. Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2121736# AUTHORS:Patenaude S.I., Seto N.O.L., Borisova S.N., Szpacenko A., Marcus S.L., Palcic M.M., Evans S.V.;#TITLE:The structural basis for specificity in human ABO(H) blood group biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Nat. Struct. Biol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12198488# GENE ASSOCIATION: (28.1)
product: 625169
reversible: false
product: 625157
name: ABO blood group (transferase A, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; transferase B, alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase)
product: 625145
reactant: 625121
fast: false
reactant: 625133
type: Reaction

598508
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799
type: SpeciesReference

745454
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Cortisone_C21H28O5
type: Species

757275
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_DEDOLR_U Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : (0.1) dedol_U + h + nadph --> (0.1) dolichol_U + nadp Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schenk B, Fernandez F, Waechter CJ.#TITLE:The ins(ide) and out(side) of dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis and recycling in the endoplasmic reticulum.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11425794# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 693136
reactant: 693148
product: 693160
product: 693172
fast: false
reactant: 693124
reversible: false
name: dehydrodolichol reductase (uterus)

555430
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746949
type: SpeciesReference

755623
reversible: false
product: 653913
notes: Abbreviation: R_AG13T5g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre3 + uacgam --> h + ksi_pre4 + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_11041#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT6# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_284208#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNTL1# LOCUS:_93010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT7# LOCUS:_79369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT4# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1#ABBREVIATION:B3gntl1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt4.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K#TITLE:Identification and characterization of three novel beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase f…
reactant: 653901
type: Reaction
product: 653938
fast: false
product: 653926
reactant: 653889
name: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus

630590
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747327
type: SpeciesReference

753439
product: 601777
reactant: 601765
notes: Abbreviation: R_NCAMUP Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ncam[e] --> ncam[c] Confidence Level: 2 SAB mechanism copied from nac--not certain genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Reyes AM, Bustamante F, Rivas CI, Ortega M, Donnet C, Rossi JP, Fischbarg J, Vera JC. #TITLE:Nicotinamide is not a substrate of the facilitative hexose transporter GLUT1.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12069599# AUTHORS:Sofue M, Yoshimura Y, Nishida M, Kawada J.#TITLE:Possible multifunction of glucose transporter. Transport of nicotinamide by reconstituted liposomes.#JOURNAL:Biochem J. #YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1463467# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Nicotinamide acid uptake
type: Reaction

747751
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: NMN_C11H14N2O8P
type: Species

561873
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

756444
product: 673315
reactant: 673303
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_triodthysuf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : triodthysuf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Triiodothyronine sulfate exchange
type: Reaction

694678
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

635592
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744526
type: SpeciesReference

535477
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743926
type: SpeciesReference

681586
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

587822
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745656
type: SpeciesReference

614036
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745448
type: SpeciesReference

745122
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3
type: Species

660460
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744536
type: SpeciesReference

654819
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

753583
product: 604970
product: 604957
reactant: 604945
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADSL1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.3.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : dcamp --> amp + fum Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_158#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADSL#ECNUMBERS:4.3.2.2# LOCUS:_158#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ADSL# proteins: NAME:adenylosuccinate lyase#ABBREVIATION:Adsl.1# NAME:adenylosuccinate lyase#ABBREVIATION:Adsl.2# citations: AUTHORS:Barton JW, Hart IM, Patterson D.#TITLE:Mapping of a locus correcting lack of phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cell Ade-D mutants to human chromosome 4. #JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:2004782# AUTHORS:Stone RL, Aimi J, Barshop BA, Jaeken J, Van den Berghe G, Zalkin H, Dixon JE.#TITLE:A mutation in adenylosuccinate lyase associated with mental retardation and autistic features.#JOURNAL:Nat Genet. #YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1302001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (158.1) or (158.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: adenylosuccinate lyase
type: Reaction

750627
reactant: 534981
product: 535017
product: 535005
reversible: true
type: Reaction
product: 535029
reactant: 534993
notes: Abbreviation: R_DAGKn_hs Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.107 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [n] : atp + dag_hs <==> adp + h + pa_hs Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_9162#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKI# LOCUS:_8525#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DGKZ# proteins: NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, zeta#ABBREVIATION:Dgkz.1# NAME:diacylglycerol kinase, iota#ABBREVIATION:Dgki.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Tang W, Bunting M, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a novel human diacylglycerol kinase highly selective for arachidonate-containing substrates#JOURNAL:Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:1996# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8525.1) or (9162.1)
fast: false
name: Diacylglycerol phosphate kinase (homo sapiens)

575556
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745066
type: SpeciesReference

637762
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746713
type: SpeciesReference

754245
reactant: 621073
reversible: false
name: retinyl ester hydrolase, extracellular
product: 621097
product: 621085
reactant: 621060
product: 621109
notes: Abbreviation: R_RETHe Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [e] : h2o + retfa --> Rtotal2 + h + retinol Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
type: Reaction
fast: false

595243
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595
type: SpeciesReference

663704
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595
type: SpeciesReference

595182
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746633
type: SpeciesReference

533123
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

756558
product: 676001
reactant: 675989
notes: Abbreviation: R_DPCOAtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: dpcoa[l] <==> dpcoa[c] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Seetharam B, Alpers DH.#TITLE:Absorption and transport of cobalamin (vitamin B12).#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6313022# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dephospho-CoA transport from lysosome via diffusion
type: Reaction

748999
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: omega hydroxy tetradecanoate (n-C14:0)_C14H27O3
type: Species

748705
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Thiamin_C12H17N4OS
type: Species

523506
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748247
type: SpeciesReference

565534
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486
type: SpeciesReference

757277
name: palmitoyl-CoA desaturase (n-C16:0CoA -> n-C16:1CoA)
type: Reaction
reactant: 693220
product: 693244
product: 693232
reversible: false
reactant: 693208
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_DESAT16_2 Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.14.19.1 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid elongation Equation: [c] : h + nadh + o2 + pmtcoa --> (2) h2o + hdcoa + nad Confidence Level: 4 for homo sapiens, noted to actually be NADH-cyt b5, using NADH at present NJ genes: LOCUS:_6319#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SCD# proteins: NAME:stearoyl-CoA desaturase#ABBREVIATION:Scd.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Horrobin DF#TITLE:Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:1990# AUTHORS:Leonard AE, Bobik EG, Dorado J, Kroeger PE, Chuang LT, Thurmond JM, Parker-Barnes JM, Das T, Huang YS, Mukerji P#TITLE:Cloning of a human cDNA encoding a novel enzyme involved in the elongation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:Zhang L, Ge L, Parimoo S, Stenn K, Prouty SM#TITLE:Human stearoyl-CoA desaturase: alternative transcripts generated from a single gene by usage of tandem polyadenylation sites#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Pereira SL, Leonard AE, Mukerji P#TITLE:Recent advances in the study of fatty acid desaturases from animals and lower eukaryotes#JOURNAL:Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Wang Y, Kurdi-Haidar B, Oram JF.#TITLE:LXR-mediated activation of macrophage stearoyl-CoA desaturase generates unsaturated fatty acids that destabilize ABCA1.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14967823# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6319.1)
reactant: 693196
reactant: 693184
product: 693256

667769
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

747605
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (S)-Methylmalonyl-CoA_C25H35N7O19P3S
type: Species

647188
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746647
type: SpeciesReference

677132
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

747337
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: gamma-linolenic acid_C18H29O2
type: Species

670497
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745684
type: SpeciesReference

745560
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), degradation product 1_C45H66N2O49S4
type: Species

560711
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748167
type: SpeciesReference

544389
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746000
type: SpeciesReference

693619
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746036
type: SpeciesReference

756446
product: 673363
product: 673351
reactant: 673339
reactant: 673327
notes: Abbreviation: R_H4ETer Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [r] : m3gacpail_hs + pe_hs --> dag_hs + m2emgacpail_hs Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_23556#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGN# LOCUS:_23556#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIGN# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class N, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pign.1-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class N, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pign.2-r# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Hong Y, Maeda Y, Watanabe R, Ohishi K, Mishkind M, Riezman H, Kinoshita T#TITLE:Pig-n, a mammalian homologue of yeast Mcd4p, is involved in transferring phosphoethanolamine to the first mannose of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10574991# GENE ASSOCIATION: (23556.1) or (23556.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: H4 phosphoethanolaminyl transferase, endoplasmic reticulum
type: Reaction

664429
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

569180
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745602
type: SpeciesReference

756550
type: Reaction
reactant: 675785
product: 675809
product: 675797
fast: false
product: 675845
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASNS1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.5.4 SUBSYSTEM: Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism Equation: [c] : asp-L + atp + gln-L + h2o --> amp + asn-L + glu-L + h + ppi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_440#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ASNS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.5.4# LOCUS:_440#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ASNS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.5.4# LOCUS:_440#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ASNS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.5.4# proteins: NAME:asparagine synthetase#ABBREVIATION:Asns.1# NAME:asparagine synthetase#ABBREVIATION:Asns.2# NAME:asparagine synthetase#ABBREVIATION:Asns.3# citations: AUTHORS:Van Heeke G, Schuster SM.#TITLE:Expression of human asparagine synthetase in Escherichia coli.#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2564390# AUTHORS:Andrulis IL, Chen J, Ray PN.#TITLE:Isolation of human cDNAs for asparagine synthetase and expression in Jensen rat sarcoma cells. #YEAR:1987#PUBMED:2886907# GENE ASSOCIATION: (440.1) or (440.3) or (440.2)
reactant: 675773
product: 675821
name: asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
product: 675833
reactant: 675760
reactant: 675748
reversible: false

757273
product: 693112
reactant: 693100
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_avite1_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : avite1 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: alpha-Tocopherol exchange
type: Reaction

753437
product: 601752
product: 601739
reactant: 601727
reactant: 601715
notes: Abbreviation: R_3HLYTCL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.28 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : 34dhphe + h --> co2 + dopa Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_1644#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DDC#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.28# proteins: NAME:aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Ddc.1# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1644.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine carboxy-lyase
type: Reaction

591613
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748547
type: SpeciesReference

597266
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

522270
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887
type: SpeciesReference

745012
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: antipyrene_C11H12N2O
type: Species

746695
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _4,17 dihydroxy estradiol_C18H24O3
type: Species

609865
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745048
type: SpeciesReference

651613
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749792
type: SpeciesReference

576801
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

664103
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744660
type: SpeciesReference

745010
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: antipyrene_C11H12N2O
type: Species

696028
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749822
type: SpeciesReference

756552
reactant: 675869
type: Reaction
product: 675905
fast: false
name: Adenosine deaminase
reactant: 675857
product: 675893
reversible: false
reactant: 675881
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADA Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.4.4 SUBSYSTEM: Purine Catabolism Equation: [c] : adn + h + h2o --> ins + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 Added EC- JLR genes: LOCUS:_100#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADA#ECNUMBERS:3.5.4.4# proteins: NAME:adenosine deaminase #ABBREVIATION:Ada.1# citations: AUTHORS:Gonzalez-Gronow M, Hershfield MS, Arredondo-Vega FX, Pizzo SV.#TITLE:Cell surface adenosine deaminase binds and stimulates plasminogen activation on 1-LN human prostate cancer cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15016824# AUTHORS:Iwaki-Egawa S, Watanabe Y.#TITLE:Characterization and purification of adenosine deaminase 1 from human and chicken liver.#JOURNAL:Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12381379# GENE ASSOCIATION: (100.1)

687299
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745692
type: SpeciesReference

750621
product: 534921
product: 534909
reactant: 534897
reactant: 534885
notes: Abbreviation: R_M4BET2er Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [r] : mem2emgacpail_hs + pe_hs --> dag_hs + m(em)3gacpail_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5281#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGF# LOCUS:_5281#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIGF# LOCUS:_54872#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GPI7# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class F, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigf.1-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class F, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigf.2-r# NAME:GPI protein, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Gpi7.1-r# citations: AUTHORS:Shishioh N, Hong Y, Ohishi K, Ashida H, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T#TITLE:GPI7 is the second partner of PIG-F and involved in modification of glycosylphosphatidylinositol#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15632136# AUTHORS:Taron BW, Colussi PA, Wiedman JM, Orlean P, Taron CH#TITLE:Human Smp3p adds a fourth mannose to yeast and human glycosylphosphatidylinositol precursors in vivo#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15208306# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5281.1) and (54872.1) or (5281.2) and (54872.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: M4B phosphoethanolaminyl transferase, endoplasmic reticulum
type: Reaction

676181
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

752861
product: 588184
product: 588172
reactant: 588159
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADSL2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.3.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: IMP Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : 25aics --> aicar + fum Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_158#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADSL#ECNUMBERS:4.3.2.2# LOCUS:_158#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ADSL# proteins: NAME:adenylosuccinate lyase#ABBREVIATION:Adsl.1# NAME:adenylosuccinate lyase#ABBREVIATION:Adsl.2# citations: AUTHORS:Barton JW, Hart IM, Patterson D.#TITLE:Mapping of a locus correcting lack of phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cell Ade-D mutants to human chromosome 4. #JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:2004782# AUTHORS:Stone RL, Aimi J, Barshop BA, Jaeken J, Van den Berghe G, Zalkin H, Dixon JE.#TITLE:A mutation in adenylosuccinate lyase associated with mental retardation and autistic features.#JOURNAL:Nat Genet. #YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1302001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (158.1) or (158.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: adenylosuccinate lyase
type: Reaction

690532
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746378
type: SpeciesReference

751903
reversible: false
fast: false
reactant: 565233
name: L-cysteine/L-threonine Na-dependent exchange (Thr-L in)
product: 565257
product: 565269
reactant: 565221
reactant: 565208
notes: Abbreviation: R_THRCYSNaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: cys-L[c] + na1[e] + thr-L[e] --> cys-L[e] + na1[c] + thr-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6509#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A4# LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a4.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6509.1) or (6510.1)
type: Reaction
product: 565245

755777
reactant: 657550
product: 657586
reactant: 657562
reversible: true
product: 657574
type: Reaction
product: 657598
notes: Abbreviation: R_DURAD2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Catabolism Equation: [c] : 56dthm + nadp <==> h + nadph + thym Confidence Level: 4 _01-26-05 IT based on Lu et al., JBC,1992,24,17102-17109 genes: LOCUS:_1806#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DPYD#ECNUMBERS:1.3.1.2# proteins: NAME:dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase #ABBREVIATION:DpyD.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lu Z, Zhang R, Diasio RB. #TITLE:Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver: population characteristics, newly identified deficient patients, and clinical implication in 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. #JOURNAL:Cancer Res.#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8221682# AUTHORS:Lu ZH, Zhang R, Diasio RB.#TITLE:Purification and characterization of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase from human liver.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1512248# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1806.1)
fast: false
name: dihydrothymin dehydrogenase (NADP)

754243
name: Putrescine acetyltransferase
product: 621048
notes: Abbreviation: R_PTRCAT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.57 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [c] : accoa + ptrc --> aprut + coa + h Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_6303#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SAT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.57# LOCUS:_112483#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SAT2# proteins: NAME:spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Sat.1# NAME:spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:Sat2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chen Y, Vujcic S, Liang P, Diegelman P, Kramer DL, Porter CW.#TITLE:Genomic identification and biochemical characterization of a second spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12803540# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6303.1) or (112483.1)
reversible: false
product: 621036
product: 621024
fast: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 621012
reactant: 621000

642554
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747515
type: SpeciesReference

749373
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Ceramide 1-phosphate_C18H35NO5PFULLRCO
type: Species

532071
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

596139
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746094
type: SpeciesReference

596404
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744538
type: SpeciesReference

656506
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746623
type: SpeciesReference

747335
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: alpha-linolenyl carnitine_C25H43NO4
type: Species

656433
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745328
type: SpeciesReference

756448
product: 673423
reversible: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 673375
notes: Abbreviation: R_PTE5x Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [x] : adrncoa + h2o --> adrn + coa + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10965#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ZAP128# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase#ABBREVIATION:Zap128.1# citations: AUTHORS:Jones JM, Gould SJ.#TITLE:Identification of PTE2, a human peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10944470# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10965.1)
product: 673399
reactant: 673387
name: peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase
fast: false
product: 673411

672650
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

519939
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

748841
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Tyramine_C8H12NO
type: Species

565426
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

753435
type: Reaction
reactant: 601667
product: 601703
reversible: false
name: N-Formyl-L-kynurenine amidohydrolase
reactant: 601655
product: 601691
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FKYNH Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 3.5.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : Lfmkynr + h2o --> Lkynr + for + h Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 601679

639141
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

757271
product: 693088
product: 693076
reactant: 693064
reactant: 693052
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI45P4P Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + pail45p_hs --> pail5p_hs + pi Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Tolias KF, Cantley LC#TITLE:Pathways for phosphoinositide synthesis#JOURNAL:Chem Phys Lipids#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10358929# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase
type: Reaction

529239
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747525
type: SpeciesReference

540236
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746567
type: SpeciesReference

529854
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

637015
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747239
type: SpeciesReference

649922
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747885
type: SpeciesReference

745014
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: P1,P4-Bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate_C20H24N10O19P4
type: Species

677072
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

651764
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

695077
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749553
type: SpeciesReference

748701
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: _5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate_C19H21N7O6
type: Species

538276
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748935
type: SpeciesReference

655457
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

746693
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4,17 dihydroxy estradiol_C18H24O3
type: Species

667333
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

652057
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

534655
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747687
type: SpeciesReference

612492
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748533
type: SpeciesReference

679641
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746393
type: SpeciesReference

750623
product: 534945
reactant: 534933
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_bvite_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : bvite <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: beta-tocopherol exchange
type: Reaction

756554
product: 675929
reactant: 675917
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_tststeroneglc_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : tststeroneglc <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: testosterone glucuronide exchange
type: Reaction

555322
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744678
type: SpeciesReference

634790
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745856
type: SpeciesReference

754241
reversible: false
reactant: 620940
reactant: 620952
product: 620988
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_PLA2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : ak2gchol_hs + h2o --> Rtotal2 + ak2lgchol_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 paf synthesis pathway NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 620976
product: 620964
name: phospholipase A2
type: Reaction

745562
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), degradation product 2_C37H53NO44S4
type: Species

751905
product: 565329
fast: false
product: 565341
reversible: false
reactant: 565317
reactant: 565293
reactant: 565281
reactant: 565305
product: 565353
name: Nitric Oxide Synthase (intermediate forming)
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_NOS1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.14.13.39 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [c] : arg-L + h + nadph + o2 --> h2o + nadp + nwharg Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_4842#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NOS1#ECNUMBERS:1.14.13.39# LOCUS:_4843#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NOS2A#ECNUMBERS:1.14.13.39# LOCUS:_4846#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NOS3#ECNUMBERS:1.14.13.39# LOCUS:_4845#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NOS2C# LOCUS:_4844#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NOS2B# LOCUS:_4843#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NOS2A#ECNUMBERS:1.14.13.39# proteins: NAME:nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)#ABBREVIATION:Nos1.1# NAME:nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes)#ABBREVIATION:Nos2a.1# NAME:nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes)#ABBREVIATION:Nos2a.2# NAME:nitric oxide synthase 2B#ABBREVIATION:Nos2b.1# NAME:nitric oxide synthase 2C#ABBREVIATION:Nos2c.1# NAME:nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell)#ABBREVIATION:Nos3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Brenman JE, Chao DS, Xia H, Aldape K, Bredt DS#TITLE:Nitric oxide synthase complexed with dystrophin and absent from skeletal muscle sarcolemma in Duchenne muscular dystrophy#JOURNAL:Cell#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7545544# AUTHORS:Geoffrey M. Cooper#TITLE:The Cell A Molecular Approach#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:Bloch KD, Wolfram JR, Brown DM, Roberts JD Jr, Zapol DG, Lepore JJ, Filippov G, Thomas JE, Jacob HJ, Bloch DB. #TITLE:Three members of the nitric oxide synthase II gene family (NOS2A, NOS2B, and NOS2C) colocalize to human chromosome 17. #JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7558036# AUTHORS:Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, Neil D. Clarke#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:2002# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4846.1) or (4844.1) or (4842.1) or (4843.2) or (4843.1) or (4845.1)

585072
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

691278
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746331
type: SpeciesReference

755779
product: 657646
product: 657634
reactant: 657622
reactant: 657610
notes: Abbreviation: R_THYOXt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: hco3[c] + thyox-L[e] <==> hco3[e] + thyox-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_53919#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLCO1C1# LOCUS:_6579#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLCO1A2# LOCUS:_28231#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLCO4A1# LOCUS:_10599#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLCO1B1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1A2#ABBREVIATION:Slco1a2.1# NAME:solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1#ABBREVIATION:Slco1b1.1# NAME:solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 4A1#ABBREVIATION:Slco4a1.1# NAME:solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1C1#ABBREVIATION:Slco1c1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kullak-Ublick GA, Beuers U, Meier PJ, Domdey H, Paumgartner G.#TITLE:Assignment of the human organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) gene to chromosome 12p12 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.#JOURNAL:J Hepatol.#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:9007731# AUTHORS:Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ.#TITLE:The superfamily of organic anion transporting polypeptides.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12507753# AUTHORS:Satlin LM, Amin V, Wolkoff AW.#TITLE:Organic anion transporting polypeptide mediates organic anion/HCO3- exchange.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9334206# GENE ASSOCIATION: (53919.1) or (6579.1) or (28231.1) or (10599.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: T4 transport via bicarbonate countertransport
type: Reaction

749375
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3
type: Species

612146
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

681477
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747187
type: SpeciesReference

633109
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

553255
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486
type: SpeciesReference

748843
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Tyramine O-sulfate_C8H11NO4S
type: Species

583295
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749928
type: SpeciesReference

587191
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

747333
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-linolenyl carnitine_C25H43NO4
type: Species

604461
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749325
type: SpeciesReference

552195
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746273
type: SpeciesReference

617794
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

582719
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

755629
reactant: 654071
name: Fatty acid omega-hydroxylase
product: 654132
reactant: 654096
reactant: 654059
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 654108
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAH3 Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: CYP Metabolism Equation: [c] : h + hdca + nadph + o2 --> h2o + nadp + whhdca Confidence Level: 4 fatty acid omega hydroxylation NJ genes: LOCUS:_1579#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP4A11# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily A, polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Cyp4a11.1# citations: AUTHORS:Rendic S.#TITLE:Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data.#JOURNAL:Drug Metab Rev#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11996015# AUTHORS:Palmer CN, Richardson TH, Griffin KJ, Hsu MH, Muerhoff AS, Clark JE, Johnson EF.#TITLE:Characterization of a cDNA encoding a human kidney, cytochrome P-450 4A fatty acid omega-hydroxylase and the cognate enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:7679927# AUTHORS:Imaoka S, Ogawa H, Kimura S, Gonzalez FJ.#TITLE:Complete cDNA sequence and cDNA-directed expression of CYP4A11, a fatty acid omega-hydroxylase expressed in human kidney.#JOURNAL:DNA Cell Biol#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8274222# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1579.1)
reversible: false
product: 654120
reactant: 654084

560929
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746813
type: SpeciesReference

753433
product: 601643
reactant: 601535
fast: false
product: 601607
reactant: 601571
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
reactant: 601547
product: 601619
reactant: 601559
product: 601631
product: 601595
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC241181x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome Equation: [x] : (3) coa + (3) h2o + (3) nad + nrvnccoa + (3) o2 --> (3) accoa + (3) h + (3) h2o2 + (3) nadh + odecoa Confidence Level: 4 peroxisomal (very long chain FA) - in peroxisome, no fad, 1ste set of beta-ox is by acyl-coa oxidase (passes electrons directly to o2 -> h2o2) c24:1 -> c18:1 - 3 rounds beta-ox 4 step FAO lumped also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# LOCUS:_1962#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EHHADH#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17.1.1.1.# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal beta-oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.2-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.2-x# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (3295.1 and 30.1 and 51.2) or (51.1 and 30.1 and 1962.1) or (51.1 and 3295.1 and 30.1) or (30.1 and 51.2 and 1962.1)
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 601583

744318
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate_C9H6NO4
type: Species

587932
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746471
type: SpeciesReference

575448
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748785
type: SpeciesReference

660194
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855
type: SpeciesReference

602577
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746533
type: SpeciesReference

539378
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748337
type: SpeciesReference

690680
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747477
type: SpeciesReference

677494
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743968
type: SpeciesReference

533274
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697
type: SpeciesReference

645505
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745968
type: SpeciesReference

603087
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

634498
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

553969
stoichiometry: 10.0
species: 744652
type: SpeciesReference

746691
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4,17 dihydroxy estradiol_C18H24O3
type: Species

543858
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

749595
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Hexadecenoate (n-C16:1)_C16H29O2
type: Species

577999
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748229
type: SpeciesReference

747331
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: alpha-Linolenoyl-CoA_C39H60N7O17P3S
type: Species

752865
fast: false
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACCOACm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.4.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [m] : accoa + atp + hco3 --> adp + h + malcoa + pi Confidence Level: 4 TDV (9/14/2004) genes: LOCUS:_32#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACACB# proteins: NAME:acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta#ABBREVIATION:Acacb.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Abu-Elheiga L, Brinkley WR, Zhong L, Chirala SS, Woldegiorgis G, Wakil SJ.#TITLE:The subcellular localization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10677481# GENE ASSOCIATION: (32.1)
product: 588280
name: Acetyl-Coa carboxylase, beta isoform
product: 588256
reactant: 588232
reactant: 588244
type: Reaction
product: 588292
product: 588268
reactant: 588220

554884
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

566919
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

673725
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746000
type: SpeciesReference

745564
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), degradation product 3_C37H54NO41S3
type: Species

751907
notes: Abbreviation: R_4NPHSULT Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.8.2.1 SUBSYSTEM: CYP Metabolism Equation: [c] : 4nph + paps --> 4nphsf + h + pap Confidence Level: 4 RS/TV (6/14/05) genes: LOCUS:_6818#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A3#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6799#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A2#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6817#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6799#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A2#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6818#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A3#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# LOCUS:_6818#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SULT1A3#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.1# proteins: NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.1# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.2# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.3# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.4# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a1.5# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 2 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a2.1# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Sult1a2.2# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a3.1# NAME:Sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a3.2# NAME:sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Sult1a3.3# citations: AUTHORS:Chapman E, Best MD, Hanson SR, Wong CH.#TITLE:Sulfotransferases: structure, mechanism, biological activity, inhibition, and synthetic utility.#JOURNAL:Angew Chem Int Ed Eng…
product: 565414
fast: false
product: 565389
type: Reaction
reactant: 565365
product: 565402
reversible: false
name: _4-Nitrophenol Sulfotransferase
reactant: 565377

748845
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Tyramine O-sulfate_C8H11NO4S
type: Species

659313
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

687890
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 748143
type: SpeciesReference

634643
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748937
type: SpeciesReference

685432
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744652
type: SpeciesReference

747759
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nitric oxide_NO
type: Species

668711
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744638
type: SpeciesReference

749599
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hexacosanoate (n-C26:0)_C26H51O2
type: Species

621641
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744228
type: SpeciesReference

623998
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747687
type: SpeciesReference

549159
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746064
type: SpeciesReference

639290
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748771
type: SpeciesReference

753431
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC1811601m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : (5) coa + (4) fad + (5) h2o + (5) nad + od2coa --> (5) accoa + (4) fadh2 + (5) h + (5) nadh + occoa Confidence Level: 4 _5 rounds of beta ox, 1 loss of degree of unsat -> 4 fad oxidized c18:1 -> c8:0 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (35.1) or (34.1)
product: 601510
fast: false
product: 601486
reactant: 601437
reactant: 601449
reactant: 601425
product: 601522
name: Beta oxidation fatty acid
reversible: false
reactant: 601462
reactant: 601412
product: 601498
product: 601474

586555
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745276
type: SpeciesReference

576753
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744290
type: SpeciesReference

564473
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

673013
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

538131
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744450
type: SpeciesReference

654216
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744078
type: SpeciesReference

539221
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747195
type: SpeciesReference

685209
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

656654
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

634196
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747301
type: SpeciesReference

521593
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745848
type: SpeciesReference

557631
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396
type: SpeciesReference

553147
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

522125
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

547782
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744374
type: SpeciesReference

752863
product: 588208
reactant: 588196
notes: Abbreviation: R_M4MPDOL_Uter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: m4mpdol_U[c] --> m4mpdol_U[r] Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: m4mpdol flippase
type: Reaction

607300
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748135
type: SpeciesReference

749371
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Creatine_C4H9N3O2
type: Species

749597
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4,17 dihydroxy estradiol_C18H24O3
type: Species

751909
reactant: 565450
product: 565486
notes: Abbreviation: R_TRYPTAOX Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.3.4 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + o2 + trypta --> h2o2 + id3acald + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_4129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAOB#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.4# LOCUS:_4128#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAOA#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.4# LOCUS:_314#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AOC2#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.6# LOCUS:_26#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABP1#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.6# LOCUS:_314#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AOC2# proteins: NAME:amiloride binding protein 1 (amine oxidase (copper-containing))#ABBREVIATION:Abp1.1# NAME:amine oxidase, copper containing 2#ABBREVIATION:Aoc2.1# NAME:amine oxidase, copper containing 2#ABBREVIATION:Aoc2.2# NAME:monoamine oxidase A#ABBREVIATION:MaoA.1# NAME:monoamine oxidase B#ABBREVIATION:MaoB.1# citations: AUTHORS:Smith DJ, Salmi M, Bono P, Hellman J, Leu T, Jalkanen S.#TITLE:Cloning of vascular adhesion protein 1 reveals a novel multifunctional adhesion molecule#JOURNAL: J Exp Med#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9653080# AUTHORS:Lyles GA#TITLE:Mammalian plasma and tissue-bound semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases: biochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects#JOURNAL:Int J Biochem Cell Biol#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8920635# AUTHORS:Buffoni F, Ignesti G#TITLE:Biochemical aspects and functional role of the copper-containing amine oxidases#JOURNAL:Inflammopharmacology#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:15035803# AUTHORS:Kitahama K, Ikemoto K, Jouvet A, Nagatsu I, Sakamoto N, Pearson J#TITLE:Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunohistochemistry in the adult human hypothalamus#JOURNAL:J Chem Neuroanat#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9924972# GENE ASSOCIATION: (314.1) or (4128.1) or (26.1) or (4129.1) or (314.2)
reactant: 565438
product: 565462
fast: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 565426
product: 565474
reversible: false
name: Tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

612267
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

525308
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218
type: SpeciesReference

615861
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746671
type: SpeciesReference

745566
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), degradation product 4_C31H47NO35S3
type: Species

752867
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 588328
fast: false
reactant: 588304
product: 588352
product: 588364
notes: Abbreviation: R_GCALDD Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate Metabolism Equation: [c] : gcald + h2o + nad --> glyclt + (2) h + nadh Confidence Level: 2 JLR genes: LOCUS:_223#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH9A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3,,1.2.1.19# LOCUS:_501#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH7A1# LOCUS:_224#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A2# LOCUS:_221#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_222#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_216#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.36# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# LOCUS:_220#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A3#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_218#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh9a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a2.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh7a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.2# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.3# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a3.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Brent J#TITLE:Current management of ethylene glycol poisoning#JOURNAL:Drugs#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11434452# GENE ASSOCIATION: (218.1) or (223.1) or (8854.2) or (224.1) or (222.1) or (8854.1) or (221.1) or (216.1) or (8854.3) or (501.1) or (220.1)
reactant: 588316
name: Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase
product: 588340

617042
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744258
type: SpeciesReference

543157
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744290
type: SpeciesReference

587701
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747665
type: SpeciesReference

744930
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

754685
product: 631720
reactant: 631708
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_thr_DASH_L_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : thr-L <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-Threonine exchange
type: Reaction

617588
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748893
type: SpeciesReference

654916
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744074
type: SpeciesReference

749581
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: H2O_H2O
type: Species

636979
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

575653
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746038
type: SpeciesReference

624313
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

746509
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor precursor (3-(phosphoethanolaminyl-mannosyl)-glucosaminyl-acylphosphatidylinositol) (H8)_C55H106N4O38P4FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

755783
type: Reaction
name: dihydrosphingosine N-acyltransferase
product: 657718
product: 657706
notes: Abbreviation: R_DSAT Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : Rtotalcoa + sphgn --> coa + dhcrm_hs + h Confidence Level: 2 CoA transfer not explicitly in rxn (accounted for in Rtotal rxn -> ARTF) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 657694
product: 657730
fast: false
reversible: false
reactant: 657682

540465
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822
type: SpeciesReference

671410
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

756998
product: 686599
reactant: 686587
notes: Abbreviation: R_WHTTDCAte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: whttdca[e] <==> whttdca[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, related cyp P450 metabolism reactions NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport
type: Reaction

667624
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748699
type: SpeciesReference

552013
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

534425
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745192
type: SpeciesReference

744328
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone_C19H30O2
type: Species

615533
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749445
type: SpeciesReference

556675
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744538
type: SpeciesReference

619192
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

555418
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

606919
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745096
type: SpeciesReference

591336
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746196
type: SpeciesReference

668012
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609
type: SpeciesReference

561013
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386
type: SpeciesReference

652286
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

747319
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: linoleic coenzyme A_C39H62N7O17P3S
type: Species

678868
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748759
type: SpeciesReference

567880
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408
type: SpeciesReference

756102
product: 665332
reactant: 665320
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_4hdebrisoquine_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 4hdebrisoquine <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _4 hydroxy debrisoquine exchange
type: Reaction

685222
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

609035
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

693944
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749235
type: SpeciesReference

592196
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746403
type: SpeciesReference

624940
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

574288
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745328
type: SpeciesReference

672758
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

552447
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746907
type: SpeciesReference

754687
product: 631768
product: 631756
reactant: 631744
reactant: 631732
notes: Abbreviation: R_L_DASH_LACtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: h[c] + lac-L[c] <==> h[m] + lac-L[m] Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc16a1.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (6566.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-lactate transport, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

752869
product: 588389
reactant: 588376
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLXtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: glx[c] <==> glx[m] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Baker PR, Cramer SD, Kennedy M, Assimos DG, Holmes RP.#TITLE:Glycolate and glyoxylate metabolism in HepG2 cells.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15240345# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glyoxylate transport, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

530604
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

682383
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745656
type: SpeciesReference

755781
product: 657670
reactant: 657658
notes: Abbreviation: R_DGTPtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: dgtp[c] <==> dgtp[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dGTP diffusion in nucleus
type: Reaction

543870
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744684
type: SpeciesReference

650453
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747607
type: SpeciesReference

545901
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822
type: SpeciesReference

611542
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

693824
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

673170
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747997
type: SpeciesReference

528277
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744020
type: SpeciesReference

612050
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

628660
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749750
type: SpeciesReference

549365
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744866
type: SpeciesReference

688387
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745214
type: SpeciesReference

756996
product: 686551
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_CHSTEROLtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: atp[c] + chsterol[g] + h2o[c] --> adp[c] + chsterol[c] + h[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_19#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABCA1# proteins: NAME:ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Abca1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Wollmer MA, Streffer JR, Lutjohann D, Tsolaki M, Iakovidou V, Hegi T, Pasch T, Jung HH, Bergmann K, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Papassotiropoulos A. #TITLE:ABCA1 modulates CSF cholesterol levels and influences the age at onset of Alzheimer's disease.#JOURNAL:Neurobiol Aging. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12600718# AUTHORS:Orso E, Broccardo C, Kaminski WE, Bottcher A, Liebisch G, Drobnik W, Gotz A, Chambenoit O, Diederich W, Langmann T, Spruss T, Luciani MF, Rothe G, Lackner KJ, Chimini G, Schmitz G. #TITLE:Transport of lipids from golgi to plasma membrane is defective in tangier disease patients and Abc1-deficient mice.#JOURNAL:Nat Genet. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10655069# GENE ASSOCIATION: (19.1)
reactant: 686527
reactant: 686503
fast: false
reactant: 686515
name: cholesterol efflux (ATP depedent), golgi
product: 686539
type: Reaction
product: 686575
product: 686563

595680
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745598
type: SpeciesReference

582731
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748731
type: SpeciesReference

608351
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745544
type: SpeciesReference

586327
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748677
type: SpeciesReference

564605
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743936
type: SpeciesReference

744326
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _5-Amino-2-oxopentanoate_C5H9NO3
type: Species

580305
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744132
type: SpeciesReference

756100
product: 665308
reactant: 665296
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_sel_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : sel <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Selenate exchange
type: Reaction

564027
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747975
type: SpeciesReference

529131
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

755079
type: Reaction
product: 641444
reactant: 641360
fast: false
reactant: 641384
product: 641420
name: Beta oxidation of fatty acid
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC18480m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : (5) coa + fad + (5) h2o + (5) nad + strdnccoa --> (5) accoa + fadh2 + (5) h + (5) nadh + occoa Confidence Level: 4 _5 rounds of beta ox, 4 degrees loss of saturation -> only 1 fad oxidized to fadh2 peroxisomal (very long chain FA) c18:4,n-6 -> c8:0, 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (34.1) or (35.1)
reactant: 641336
product: 641408
reactant: 641348
product: 641432
reversible: false
reactant: 641372
product: 641396

522987
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746162
type: SpeciesReference

664332
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747747
type: SpeciesReference

744212
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Sulfinopyruvate_C3H2O5S
type: Species

592702
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748773
type: SpeciesReference

755787
fast: false
reactant: 657766
product: 657816
product: 657791
product: 657804
reactant: 657779
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE14ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.14 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg15 <==> h + ksi_deg16 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2799#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.14# proteins: NAME:glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (Sanfilippo disease IIID), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Robertson DA, Freeman C, Nelson PV, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human glucosamine-6-sulfatase cDNA reveals homology with steroid sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3196333# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Clements PR, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689314# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Catalytic properties#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689315# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2799.1)
reversible: true
type: Reaction
name: N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, lysosomal

672336
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748569
type: SpeciesReference

755075
product: 641276
reactant: 641264
notes: Abbreviation: R_GTHRDtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: gthrd[c] <==> gthrd[r] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism - NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glutathione transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

639350
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386
type: SpeciesReference

748861
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2
type: Species

660024
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747127
type: SpeciesReference

754681
reversible: false
product: 631648
reactant: 631612
notes: Abbreviation: R_3HPCOAHYD Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.2.4 SUBSYSTEM: beta-Alanine metabolism Equation: [c] : 3hpcoa + h2o --> 3hpp + coa + h Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_26275#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HIBCH# LOCUS:_26275#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:HIBCH# proteins: NAME:_3-hydroxyisobutyryl-Coenzyme A hydrolase#ABBREVIATION:Hibch.1# NAME:_3-hydroxyisobutyryl-Coenzyme A hydrolase#ABBREVIATION:Hibch.2# citations: AUTHORS:Hawes JW, Jaskiewicz J, Shimomura Y, Huang B, Bunting J, Harper ET, Harris RA. #TITLE:Primary structure and tissue-specific expression of human beta-hydroxyisobutyryl-coenzyme A hydrolase. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8824301# GENE ASSOCIATION: (26275.1) or (26275.2)
product: 631636
type: Reaction
product: 631624
fast: false
reactant: 631600
name: _3-hydroxyisobutyryl-Coenzyme A hydrolase

756880
reactant: 683443
notes: Abbreviation: R_CAMPt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: atp[c] + camp[c] + h2o[c] --> adp[c] + camp[e] + h[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_10257#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABCC4# LOCUS:_10057#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABCC5# LOCUS:_10057#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ABCC5# proteins: NAME:ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4 #ABBREVIATION:Abcc4.1-e# NAME:ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 #ABBREVIATION:Abcc5.1-e# NAME:ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 #ABBREVIATION:Abcc5.2-e# citations: AUTHORS:Chen ZS, Lee K, Kruh GD.#TITLE:Transport of cyclic nucleotides and estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide by multidrug resistance protein 4. Resistance to 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11447229# AUTHORS:Reid G, Wielinga P, Zelcer N, van der Heijden I, Kuil A, de Haas M, Wijnholds J, Borst P. #TITLE:The human multidrug resistance protein MRP4 functions as a prostaglandin efflux transporter and is inhibited by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12835412# AUTHORS:Dazert P, Meissner K, Vogelgesang S, Heydrich B, Eckel L, Bohm M, Warzok R, Kerb R, Brinkmann U, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M, Cascorbi I, Jedlitschky G, Kroemer HK. #TITLE:Expression and localization of the multidrug resistance protein 5 (MRP5/ABCC5), a cellular export pump for cyclic nucleotides, in human heart.#JOURNAL:Am J Pathol. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14507663# AUTHORS:Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Grube M, Heydrich B, Linnemann K, Fusch C, Kroemer HK, Jedlitschky G. #TITLE:Expression, localization, and function of MRP5 (ABCC5), a transporter for cyclic nucleotides, in human placenta and cultured human trophoblasts: effects of gestational age and cellular differentiation. #JOURNAL:Am J Pathol.#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15631998# AUTHORS:Wielinga PR, van der Heijden I, Reid G, Beijnen JH, Wijnholds J, Borst P. #TITLE:Characterization of the MRP4- and …
reactant: 683467
name: cAMP transport (ATP-dependent)
fast: false
reactant: 683455
product: 683504
product: 683480
product: 683516
product: 683492
type: Reaction
reversible: false

749367
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Carbon monoxide_CO
type: Species

645733
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

522331
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745392
type: SpeciesReference

657126
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745690
type: SpeciesReference

756994
product: 686491
reactant: 686479
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLXtp Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: glx[c] <==> glx[x] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Baker PR, Cramer SD, Kennedy M, Assimos DG, Holmes RP.#TITLE:Glycolate and glyoxylate metabolism in HepG2 cells.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15240345# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glyoxylate transport, peroxisomal
type: Reaction

691616
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

547552
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746254
type: SpeciesReference

590659
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

579349
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

577165
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

601061
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745648
type: SpeciesReference

751913
product: 565571
product: 565559
reactant: 565546
notes: Abbreviation: R_SERHL Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [c] : ser-L --> 2amac + h2o Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_10993#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SDS# proteins: NAME:serine dehydratase#ABBREVIATION:Sds.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ogawa H, Gomi T, Konishi K, Date T, Nakashima H, Nose K, Matsuda Y, Peraino C, Pitot HC, Fujioka M. #TITLE:Human liver serine dehydratase. cDNA cloning and sequence homology with hydroxyamino acid dehydratases from other sources. #YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2674117# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10993.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-Serine hydro-lyase
type: Reaction

755181
product: 643828
name: L-serine/L-asparagine Na-dependent exchange (Asn-L in)
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASNSERNaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: asn-L[e] + na1[e] + ser-L[c] --> asn-L[c] + na1[c] + ser-L[e] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6510.1)
product: 643816
reactant: 643768
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 643804
reversible: false
reactant: 643792
reactant: 643780

565571
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

623299
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

744324
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-Hydroperoxy-6-trans-8,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoate_C20H31O4
type: Species

746697
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: hexacosanoate (n-C26:0)_C26H51O2
type: Species

689349
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747051
type: SpeciesReference

745018
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: alpha-Pinene-oxide_C10H16O
type: Species

749369
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: coumarin_C9H6O2
type: Species

646688
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822
type: SpeciesReference

747315
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: linoleic acid (all cis C18:2) n-6_C18H31O2
type: Species

755077
product: 641324
product: 641312
reactant: 641300
reactant: 641288
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTD6l Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleic acid degradation Equation: [l] : damp + h2o --> dad-2 + pi Confidence Level: 4 Wide specificity for 5'-nucleotides Also see EC 3.1.3.31 IT genes: LOCUS:_53#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACP2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# proteins: NAME:acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Acp2.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:R.L. Pisoni#TITLE:Lysosomal Nucleic Acid and Phosphate Metabolism and Related Metabolic Reactions, Chapter 9#YEAR:1996# GENE ASSOCIATION: (53.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5'-nucleotidase (dAMP), lysosome
type: Reaction

756106
product: 665380
reactant: 665368
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLP_Lter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: (0.1) dolp_L[r] --> (0.1) dolp_L[c] Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Helenius J, Aebi M.#TITLE:Transmembrane movement of dolichol linked carbohydrates during N-glycoprotein biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum#JOURNAL:Semin Cell Dev Biol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12137737# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dolichol phosphate flippase (liver)
type: Reaction

673990
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747707
type: SpeciesReference

523866
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745410
type: SpeciesReference

670135
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748511
type: SpeciesReference

654362
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748965
type: SpeciesReference

627600
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

605818
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

672904
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

636521
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

755073
product: 641252
reactant: 641240
notes: Abbreviation: R_10FTHF7GLUtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: _10fthf7glu[c] --> 10fthf7glu[l] Confidence Level: 2 carrier-mediated transport - but which and how is unknown IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _7-glutamyl-10FTHF transport, lysosomal
type: Reaction

744210
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-Sulfino-L-alanine_C3H5NO4S
type: Species

755785
product: 657754
reactant: 657742
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_cmp_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : cmp <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: CMP exchange
type: Reaction

603834
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748745
type: SpeciesReference

749365
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: CO2_CO2
type: Species

555964
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746084
type: SpeciesReference

605963
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746717
type: SpeciesReference

681031
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

754683
product: 631696
product: 631684
reactant: 631672
reactant: 631660
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt45m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: adp[m] + dttp[c] --> adp[c] + dttp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dTTP transport via ADP antiport
type: Reaction

598945
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747539
type: SpeciesReference

756992
reactant: 686419
reactant: 686443
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASCBOX Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism Equation: [c] : ascb-L + (2) h + (2) o2s --> dhdascb + (2) h2o2 Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 686431
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 686455
product: 686467
name: ascorbic acid oxidase
type: Reaction

600259
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744978
type: SpeciesReference

645949
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

751911
product: 565534
product: 565522
reactant: 565510
reactant: 565498
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARACHCPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : arachcrn + coa --> arachcoa + crn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1376#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# proteins: NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Cpt2.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1376.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine transferase
type: Reaction

692328
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744210
type: SpeciesReference

568305
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744748
type: SpeciesReference

666597
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748029
type: SpeciesReference

589321
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

744322
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5,6-dihydrouracil_C4H6N2O2
type: Species

544535
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

539209
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

531696
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746789
type: SpeciesReference

745016
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Pinene-oxide_C10H16O
type: Species

691772
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

604317
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

746699
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hexacosanoate (n-C26:0)_C26H51O2
type: Species

756990
product: 686407
product: 686395
reactant: 686382
reactant: 686369
notes: Abbreviation: R_TTDCPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + tdcoa --> coa + ttdcrn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.3) or (1374.1) or (1375.2) or (126129.1) or (1375.4)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
type: Reaction

573959
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749806
type: SpeciesReference

555818
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

747317
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: linoleic coenzyme A_C39H62N7O17P3S
type: Species

527198
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745808
type: SpeciesReference

604691
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743950
type: SpeciesReference

687686
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747109
type: SpeciesReference

662803
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

643057
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

756104
product: 665356
reactant: 665344
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_oagt3_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : oagt3_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _9-O-Acetylated GT3 (homo sapiens) exchange
type: Reaction

681864
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

582032
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748093
type: SpeciesReference

559815
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746577
type: SpeciesReference

534993
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745694
type: SpeciesReference

646796
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744902
type: SpeciesReference

559960
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749319
type: SpeciesReference

620964
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744538
type: SpeciesReference

563233
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

538699
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748985
type: SpeciesReference

753575
product: 604679
product: 604667
reactant: 604655
reactant: 604643
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt6m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: datp[c] + dgdp[m] --> datp[m] + dgdp[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dATP transport via dGDP antiport
type: Reaction

745126
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Tocopherol_C29H50O2
type: Species

744938
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

755071
product: 641216
reversible: false
reactant: 641156
product: 641204
reactant: 641168
product: 641228
notes: Abbreviation: R_1a_COMMA_24_COMMA_25VITD3Hm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin D Equation: [m] : 2425dhvitd3 + h + nadph + o2 --> 1a2425thvitd3 + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 2 based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.196 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 641180
name: _1-alpha-Vitamin D-24,25-hydroxylase (D3)
fast: false
reactant: 641192
type: Reaction

744216
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Sulfopyruvate_C3H2O6S
type: Species

627757
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

673881
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748615
type: SpeciesReference

670026
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745038
type: SpeciesReference

645889
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745044
type: SpeciesReference

607518
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745740
type: SpeciesReference

547662
stoichiometry: 7.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

756884
product: 683589
reactant: 683577
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_so4_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : so4 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Sulfate exchange
type: Reaction

549256
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 748893
type: SpeciesReference

749477
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Fructose_C6H12O6
type: Species

607662
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747191
type: SpeciesReference

744320
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5,6-Dihydrothymine_C5H8N2O2
type: Species

755631
product: 654156
reactant: 654144
notes: Abbreviation: R_BILDGLCURtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: bildglcur[c] <==> bildglcur[r] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however glucuronidated metabolites need to get out of the cell NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glucuronidated compound transport
type: Reaction

689458
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

551796
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746316
type: SpeciesReference

592858
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747601
type: SpeciesReference

538119
stoichiometry: 1.125
species: 744530
type: SpeciesReference

752983
product: 591045
product: 591033
reactant: 591021
reactant: 591009
notes: Abbreviation: R_RETFA Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.3.1.76 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : Rtotal2coa + retinol --> coa + retfa Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: retinol acyltransferase
type: Reaction

755185
product: 643925
product: 643913
reactant: 643901
reactant: 643889
notes: Abbreviation: R_FATP5t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: arachd[c] + na1[c] <==> arachd[e] + na1[e] Confidence Level: 4 electroneutral transport NJ genes: LOCUS:_10998#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC27A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc27a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Steinberg SJ, Wang SJ, McGuinness MC, Watkins PA.#TITLE:Human liver-specific very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase: cDNA cloning and characterization of a second enzymatically active protein.#JOURNAL:Mol Genet Metab.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10479480# AUTHORS:Stahl A.#TITLE:A current review of fatty acid transport proteins (SLC27).#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12856180# AUTHORS:Pohl J, Ring A, Hermann T, Stremmel W.#TITLE:Role of FATP in parenchymal cell fatty acid uptake.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15522816# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10998.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid electroneutral transport
type: Reaction

556252
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

680620
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

696610
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746345
type: SpeciesReference

692219
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749385
type: SpeciesReference

629011
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747579
type: SpeciesReference

629796
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747949
type: SpeciesReference

689904
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747837
type: SpeciesReference

523710
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

603160
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747637
type: SpeciesReference

753577
reactant: 604691
reactant: 604728
reactant: 604703
reactant: 604715
product: 604764
product: 604776
name: Cytochrome P450 17A1
reversible: false
type: Reaction
product: 604740
notes: Abbreviation: R_P45017A4r Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 1.14.99.9 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : 17ahprgstrn + h + nadph + (0.5) o2 --> acald + andrstndn + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 ER noted in locuslink ref - RETURN AND CHECK AFTER DEEPER LIT SEARCH NJ genes: LOCUS:_1586#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP17A1#ECNUMBERS:1.14.99.9# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1#ABBREVIATION:Cyp17a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Payne AH, Hales DB#TITLE:Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones#JOURNAL:Endocrine Reviews#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Korzekwa KR, Trager WF, Mancewicz J, Osawa Y#TITLE:Studies on the mechanism of aromatase and other cytochrome P450 mediated deformylation reactions#JOURNAL:J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol#YEAR:1993# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1586.1)
product: 604752
fast: false

544643
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

561121
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746829
type: SpeciesReference

682985
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747599
type: SpeciesReference

745124
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3
type: Species

744214
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-Sulfinopyruvate_C3H2O5S
type: Species

551640
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

531588
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745800
type: SpeciesReference

747771
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Norepinephrine_C8H12NO3
type: Species

744936
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: D-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

747773
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Sulfate derivative of norepinephrine_C8H11NO6S
type: Species

687577
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

688952
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748879
type: SpeciesReference

522780
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746096
type: SpeciesReference

658506
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

529794
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744680
type: SpeciesReference

594952
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747057
type: SpeciesReference

651839
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747991
type: SpeciesReference

647611
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746923
type: SpeciesReference

582141
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745156
type: SpeciesReference

756882
product: 683565
product: 683553
reactant: 683541
reactant: 683528
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGH_DASH_7THFl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [l] : 7thf + h2o --> 6thf + glu-L Confidence Level: 4 REMOVES EITHER ONE OR TWO GLUTAMYL RESIDUES WITH A REACTION (WILL ONLY REPRESENT 1) IT genes: LOCUS:_8836#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GGH#ECNUMBERS:3.4.19.9# proteins: NAME:gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase) #ABBREVIATION:Ggh.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# AUTHORS:Rhee MS, Lindau-Shepard B, Chave KJ, Galivan J, Ryan TJ.#TITLE:Characterization of human cellular gamma-glutamyl hydrolase.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9614206# AUTHORS:Chandler CJ, Wang TT, Halsted CH.#TITLE:Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from human jejunal brush borders. Purification and characterization. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1986#PUBMED:2867095# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8836.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (7THF), lysosomal
type: Reaction

634354
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

756108
product: 665404
reactant: 665392
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_thymd_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : thymd <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Thymidine exchange
type: Reaction

679206
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744628
type: SpeciesReference

657018
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

622034
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748535
type: SpeciesReference

749475
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Formate_CH1O2
type: Species

680089
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611
type: SpeciesReference

560808
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746450
type: SpeciesReference

661014
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

752985
product: 591094
product: 591082
reactant: 591070
reactant: 591058
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALASE1ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + l2n2m2mn --> (2) gal + n2m2mn Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Ful…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-galactosidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

584939
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749433
type: SpeciesReference

530835
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746038
type: SpeciesReference

678252
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

755183
product: 643877
product: 643865
reactant: 643852
reactant: 643840
notes: Abbreviation: R_HKYNH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.7.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + hLkynr --> 3hanthrn + ala-L Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8942#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:KYNU#ECNUMBERS:3.7.1.3# proteins: NAME:kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase)#ABBREVIATION:Kynu.1# citations: AUTHORS:Toma S, Nakamura M, Tone S, Okuno E, Kido R, Breton J, Avanzi N, Cozzi L, Speciale C, Mostardini M, Gatti S, Benatti L#TITLE:Cloning and recombinant expression of rat and human kynureninase#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9180257# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8942.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
type: Reaction

627540
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

612782
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

603942
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747705
type: SpeciesReference

661409
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745808
type: SpeciesReference

641805
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

544099
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

601498
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

644154
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746174
type: SpeciesReference

535246
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745628
type: SpeciesReference

694594
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749003
type: SpeciesReference

652178
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

755189
product: 644009
reactant: 643997
notes: Abbreviation: R_PAPtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: pap[g] --> pap[c] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate Golgi transport
type: Reaction

644227
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

532361
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748377
type: SpeciesReference

683916
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746418
type: SpeciesReference

689615
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

686056
stoichiometry: 7.92
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

659916
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748175
type: SpeciesReference

662911
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

753579
product: 604836
reactant: 604788
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_HOXG Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.14.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Heme Degradation Equation: [c] : (5) h + (3) nadph + (3) o2 + pheme --> biliverd + co + fe2 + (3) h2o + (3) nadp Confidence Level: 0 TDV (4/28/2004) There are conflicting data on how many moles of NADPH consumed per mole of Biliverdine (Tenhunen 1969, Ryter, 2000) genes: LOCUS:_3162#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HMOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.14.99.3# LOCUS:_3163#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HMOX2#ECNUMBERS:1.14.99.3# proteins: NAME:heme oxygenase (decycling) 1#ABBREVIATION:Hmox1.1# NAME:Heme oxygenase (decycling) 2 #ABBREVIATION:Hmox2.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (3162.1) or (3163.1)
reactant: 604824
product: 604885
reactant: 604800
reactant: 604812
fast: false
product: 604860
product: 604848
product: 604873
type: Reaction
name: Heme oxygenase 1

642871
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747679
type: SpeciesReference

744934
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: D-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

660327
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747875
type: SpeciesReference

756460
product: 673664
reactant: 673652
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_xoltri24_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : xoltri24 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _7-alpha,24(S)-Dihydroxycholesterol exchange
type: Reaction

589479
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

615425
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744606
type: SpeciesReference

619084
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

586219
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

595013
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745676
type: SpeciesReference

543266
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

575762
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745080
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

636822
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744890
type: SpeciesReference

590502
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745746
type: SpeciesReference

568233
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749157
type: SpeciesReference

557088
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748601
type: SpeciesReference

756888
product: 683697
product: 683685
reactant: 683673
reactant: 683661
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARGNm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.3.1 SUBSYSTEM: Urea cycle/amino group metabolism Equation: [m] : arg-L + h2o --> orn + urea Confidence Level: 4 SAB m genes: LOCUS:_384#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ARG2# proteins: NAME:arginase, type II#ABBREVIATION:Arg2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Gotoh T, Araki M, Mori M#TITLE:Chromosomal localization of the human arginase II gene and tissue distribution of its mRNA#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9144563# GENE ASSOCIATION: (384.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: arginase (m)
type: Reaction

668120
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748677
type: SpeciesReference

624203
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748465
type: SpeciesReference

663911
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744414
type: SpeciesReference

596766
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

690242
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

752757
product: 585771
product: 585759
reactant: 585747
reactant: 585735
notes: Abbreviation: R_BHMT Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.1.1.5 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [c] : glyb + hcys-L --> dmgly + met-L Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_635#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:BHMT#ECNUMBERS:2.1.1.5# LOCUS:_23743#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:BHMT2# proteins: NAME:betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase #ABBREVIATION:Bhmt.1# NAME:betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:Bhmt2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Sunden SL, Renduchintala MS, Park EI, Miklasz SD, Garrow TA.#TITLE:Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase expression in porcine and human tissues and chromosomal localization of the human gene.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9281325# GENE ASSOCIATION: (23743.1) or (635.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
type: Reaction

691158
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746803
type: SpeciesReference

539076
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746284
type: SpeciesReference

749691
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Sodium_Na
type: Species

556566
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

549895
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745716
type: SpeciesReference

749479
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boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: III3Fuc-nLc6Cer_C64H112N3O36FULLRCO
type: Species

528120
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744946
type: SpeciesReference

633255
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

586855
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species: 748097
type: SpeciesReference

755187
reactant: 643937
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_HS3ly Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 3.10.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg12 --> h + hs_deg13 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6448#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SGSH# proteins: NAME:N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (sulfamidase), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Sgsh.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Scott HS, Blanch L, Guo XH, Freeman C, Orsborn A, Baker E, Sutherland GR, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Cloning of the sulphamidase gene and identification of mutations in Sanfilippo A syndrome#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7493035# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ, Melville EL, Anson DS#TITLE:Recombinant human sulphamidase: expression, amplification, purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9405287# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6448.1)
reversible: false
product: 643973
name: heparan-N-sulfatase, lysosomal
reactant: 643949
product: 643961
type: Reaction
product: 643985

612588
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595
type: SpeciesReference

744932
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

598739
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745668
type: SpeciesReference

745128
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: alpha-Tocopherol_C29H50O2
type: Species

635447
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745678
type: SpeciesReference

591757
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747499
type: SpeciesReference

744218
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _3-Sulfopyruvate_C3H2O6S
type: Species

682274
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

655745
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746178
type: SpeciesReference

664441
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

571068
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744444
type: SpeciesReference

756886
type: Reaction
reactant: 683601
name: methyltransferase COQ3
reversible: false
product: 683625
product: 683637
product: 683649
reactant: 683613
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_COQ3m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ubiquinone Biosynthesis Equation: [m] : 2dpmhobq + amet --> ahcys + h + q10 Confidence Level: 4 _2.1.1.114 IT genes: LOCUS:_51805#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COQ3# proteins: NAME:coenzyme Q3 homolog, methyltransferase (yeast) #ABBREVIATION:Coq3.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Kang DC, Takeshige K, Minakami S.#TITLE:An intermediate of ubiquinone biosynthesis exists in the microsomal fraction of HepG2 cells. #JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo).#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1965190# AUTHORS:Nambudiri AM, Ranganathan S, Rudney H#TITLE:The role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in the regulation of ubiquinone synthesis in human fibroblasts. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1980#PUBMED:7380842# AUTHORS:Szkopinska A.#TITLE:Ubiquinone. Biosynthesis of quinone ring and its isoprenoid side chain. Intracellular localization.#JOURNAL:Acta Biochim Pol. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11051212# AUTHORS:Jonassen T, Clarke CF.#TITLE:Isolation and functional expression of human COQ3, a gene encoding a methyltransferase required for ubiquinone biosynthesis. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10777520# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51805.1)

645661
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746759
type: SpeciesReference

545322
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

628552
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746977
type: SpeciesReference

582888
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746168
type: SpeciesReference

544220
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747949
type: SpeciesReference

693716
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799
type: SpeciesReference

541082
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744768
type: SpeciesReference

752981
product: 590997
product: 590985
reactant: 590973
reactant: 590961
notes: Abbreviation: R_NDPK2m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.6 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [m] : atp + udp <==> adp + utp Confidence Level: 2 Many nucleoside diphosphates (eight described) can act as acceptors. While many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donors, only ATP is chosen as a donor to minimize the number of total reactions. genes: LOCUS:_4833#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME4# proteins: NAME:Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 4#ABBREVIATION:NME4.1# citations: AUTHORS:Milon L, Rousseau-Merck MF, Munier A, Erent M, Lascu I, Capeau J, Lacombe ML.#TITLE:nm23-H4, a new member of the family of human nm23/nucleoside diphosphate kinase genes localised on chromosome 16p13.#JOURNAL:Hum Genet. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9099850# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4833.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (ATP:UDP), mitochondrial
type: Reaction

604026
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

574398
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

608242
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

752759
product: 585795
reactant: 585783
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSPG_Dt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: cspg_d[g] --> cspg_d[e] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: chondroitin sulfate D transport, golgi to extracellular
type: Reaction

530714
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748911
type: SpeciesReference

689024
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746617
type: SpeciesReference

752765
product: 585963
reactant: 585951
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLYtp Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: gly[c] <==> gly[x] Confidence Level: 2 TDV genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Baker PR, Cramer SD, Kennedy M, Assimos DG, Holmes RP.#TITLE:Glycolate and glyoxylate metabolism in HepG2 cells.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15240345# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glycine passive transport to peroxisome
type: Reaction

752979
product: 590949
reactant: 590937
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_4nphsf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 4nphsf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _4-Nitrophenyl sulfate exchange
type: Reaction

749695
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide_C21H26N7O14P2
type: Species

755639
product: 654374
reactant: 654362
notes: Abbreviation: R_VALt5m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: val-L[c] <==> val-L[m] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Porter RK.#TITLE:Mammalian mitochondrial inner membrane cationic and neutral amino acid carriers.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11004451# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Valine reversible mitochondrial transport
type: Reaction

745446
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 6_C16H27N2O10X
type: Species

643273
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746309
type: SpeciesReference

629230
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

594417
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746270
type: SpeciesReference

667975
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746356
type: SpeciesReference

630926
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748391
type: SpeciesReference

677578
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

756452
product: 673495
reactant: 673483
reactant: 673459
name: testicular 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
product: 673507
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSD17B7r Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.1.1.62 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : estrone + h + nadph --> estradiol + nadp Confidence Level: 4 microsomal NADP as cofactor HSD type 7 recheck/confirm comparmentalization - type 1: cytosol, types 2,3: microsomes NJ genes: LOCUS:_51478#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B7#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.62# proteins: NAME:hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 7#ABBREVIATION:Hsd17b7.1# citations: AUTHORS:Leenders F, Dolez V, Begue A, Moller G, Gloeckner JC, deLaunoit Y, Adamski J#TITLE:Structure of the gene for the human 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type IV#JOURNAL:Mammalian Genome#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Adamski J, Leenders F Carstensen JF, Kaumann M, Markus MM, Husen B, Tesdorpf JG, Seedor U, deLaunoit Y, Jakob F#TITLE:Steroids, fatty acyl-CoA, and sterols are substrates of 80-kDa multifunctional protein#JOURNAL:Steroids#YEAR:1997# AUTHORS:Payne AH, Hales DB#TITLE:Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones#JOURNAL:Endocrine Reviews#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51478.1)
reversible: false
fast: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 673471

747767
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Naphthalene_C10H8
type: Species

628227
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745292
type: SpeciesReference

745130
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Tocotrienol_C29H44O2
type: Species

623877
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

549037
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749663
type: SpeciesReference

576633
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

602453
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

677350
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747873
type: SpeciesReference

750619
product: 534873
product: 534861
reactant: 534849
reactant: 534837
notes: Abbreviation: R_TYRDOPO3 Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.14.18.1 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : (2) 34dhphe + o2 --> (2) dopaqn + (2) h2o Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_7299#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TYR#ECNUMBERS:1.14.18.1# proteins: NAME:tyrosinase#ABBREVIATION:Tyr.1# citations: AUTHORS:Aaron Bunsen Lerner, Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, Evan Calkins, and William H. Summerson#TITLE:MAMMALIAN TYROSINASE: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES#JOURNAL:J. Biol. Chem#YEAR:1949# AUTHORS:Pomerantz SH#TITLE:The tyrosine hydroxylase activity of mammalian tyrosinase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1968#PUBMED:5294951# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7299.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Tyrosine:dopa oxidase (dopaquinone producing 2)
type: Reaction

580403
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747707
type: SpeciesReference

630363
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744824
type: SpeciesReference

745558
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA), precursor 3_C45H67N2O42S2X
type: Species

623142
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747279
type: SpeciesReference

655072
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

529420
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747935
type: SpeciesReference

583391
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

747613
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: beta-1,4-mannose-N-acetylglucosamine_C14H25NO11
type: Species

668855
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

607446
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747699
type: SpeciesReference

685552
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
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568456
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749045
type: SpeciesReference

543978
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745572
type: SpeciesReference

577879
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745708
type: SpeciesReference

690999
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748789
type: SpeciesReference

691374
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

603510
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748731
type: SpeciesReference

749693
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nicotinate_C6H4NO2
type: Species

624517
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

755637
reactant: 654241
reversible: false
product: 654338
product: 654326
reactant: 654277
reactant: 654265
product: 654302
reactant: 654290
product: 654350
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC2452253x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome Equation: [x] : coa + h2o + nad + o2 + tetpent3coa --> accoa + clpndcoa + h + h2o2 + nadh Confidence Level: 4 - in peroxisome, no fad, 1ste set of beta-ox is by acyl-coa oxidase (passes electrons directly to o2 -> h2o2) confusing name, sorry - accounting for omega3 vs omega6 FA peroxisomal (very long chain FA) c24:5,n-3 -> c22:5, n-3 4 step FAO lumped also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# LOCUS:_1962#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EHHADH#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17.1.1.1.# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal beta-oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.2-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.2-x# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (3295.1 and 30.1 and 51.2) or (30.1 and 51.2 and 1962.1) or (51.1 and 30.1 and 1962.1) or (51.1 and 3295.1 and 30.1)
product: 654314
reactant: 654253
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
type: Reaction

752767
product: 585987
reactant: 585975
notes: Abbreviation: R_RETI2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.2.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : retinol <==> retinol-9-cis Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: retinol isomerase (9-cis)
type: Reaction

590551
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745226
type: SpeciesReference

651984
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721
type: SpeciesReference

745444
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 5_C16H27N2O10X
type: Species

561665
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745284
type: SpeciesReference

522562
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

747769
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Norepinephrine_C8H12NO3
type: Species

529576
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

748859
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2
type: Species

622190
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747289
type: SpeciesReference

657828
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748853
type: SpeciesReference

612636
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

553824
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748969
type: SpeciesReference

745556
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA), precursor 2_C37H54NO37S2X
type: Species

529637
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748569
type: SpeciesReference

564460
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744460
type: SpeciesReference

624661
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747299
type: SpeciesReference

750617
product: 534825
reactant: 534813
notes: Abbreviation: R_RETFAt2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _11-cis-retfa[c] --> 11-cis-retfa[e] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: fatty acid retinol efflux (11-cis)
type: Reaction

627191
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745658
type: SpeciesReference

756450
product: 673447
reactant: 673435
notes: Abbreviation: R_PHEMEtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: pheme[m] <==> pheme[c] Confidence Level: 2 TDV changed name to"tm" to indicate mitochondrial transport NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Heme transport to cytosol
type: Reaction

747615
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-D-Mannosyldiacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1300H2128N20O220P20
type: Species

687794
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745686
type: SpeciesReference

755179
product: 643756
reactant: 643744
notes: Abbreviation: R_DIDPtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: didp[c] <==> didp[n] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dIDP nuclear transport
type: Reaction

634208
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747299
type: SpeciesReference

600102
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746238
type: SpeciesReference

678107
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

600817
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

519732
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747467
type: SpeciesReference

745442
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 4_C24H40N3O15X
type: Species

753427
product: 601352
product: 601340
reactant: 601327
reactant: 601315
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETPENT3CPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + tetpent3crn --> crn + tetpent3coa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1376#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# proteins: NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Cpt2.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1376.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine transferase
type: Reaction

757287
name: inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase
type: Reaction
product: 693510
notes: Abbreviation: R_MI145PK Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 2.7.1.127 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + mi145p --> adp + h + mi1345p Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3706#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ITPKA#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.*# LOCUS:_3707#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ITPKB#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.127# LOCUS:_80271#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ITPKC# proteins: NAME:inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase A#ABBREVIATION:Itpka.1# NAME:inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B#ABBREVIATION:Itpkb.1# NAME:inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase C#ABBREVIATION:Itpkc.1# citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF, Moor RM, Pollock WK, Smith PM, Wreggett KA#TITLE:Inositol phosphates: proliferation, metabolism and function#JOURNAL:Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:2906139# AUTHORS:Takazawa K, Perret J, Dumont JE, Erneux C#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of a new putative inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase isoenzyme#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1654894# AUTHORS:Dewaste V, Pouillon V, Moreau C, Shears S, Takazawa K, Erneux C#TITLE:Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding human inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase C#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11085927# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3706.1) or (80271.1) or (3707.1)
product: 693522
fast: false
reactant: 693474
product: 693498
reversible: false
reactant: 693486

752761
reactant: 585819
product: 585915
product: 585903
reactant: 585855
reactant: 585831
product: 585867
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC204184m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation Equation: [m] : coa + eicostetcoa + fad + h2o + nad --> accoa + fadh2 + h + nadh + strdnccoa Confidence Level: 4 _1 rounds of beta ox c20:4 -> c18:4 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (35.1) or (34.1)
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 585807
name: Beta oxidation fatty acid
product: 585891
reactant: 585843
reversible: false
product: 585879

595230
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746565
type: SpeciesReference

755635
product: 654228
reactant: 654216
notes: Abbreviation: R_34DHOXPEGt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _34dhoxpeg[c] <==> 34dhoxpeg[e] Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Kurz T, Richardt G, Hagl S, Seyfarth M, Schomig A#TITLE:Two different mechanisms of noradrenaline release during normoxia and simulated ischemia in human cardiac tissue#JOURNAL:J Mol Cell Cardiol#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7473774# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol transport (diffusion)
type: Reaction

564304
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

644372
stoichiometry: 1.125
species: 744526
type: SpeciesReference

752975
product: 590901
product: 590889
reactant: 590877
reactant: 590865
notes: Abbreviation: R_5FTHFt2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _5fthf[e] + oh1[c] <==> 5fthf[c] + oh1[e] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_6573#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC19A1# LOCUS:_6573#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC19A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc19a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc19a1.2# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Ganapathy V, Smith SB, Prasad PD.#TITLE:SLC19: the folate/thiamine transporter family.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770311# AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6573.1) or (6573.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5-formyltetrahydrofolate transport via anion exchange
type: Reaction

654806
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747491
type: SpeciesReference

574178
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746082
type: SpeciesReference

749473
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Folate_C19H18N7O6
type: Species

533870
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746342
type: SpeciesReference

535465
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748359
type: SpeciesReference

694666
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744652
type: SpeciesReference

576948
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

747763
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Normetanephrine_C9H14NO3
type: Species

756456
fast: false
product: 673591
reversible: false
name: heparan-N-sulfatase, lysosomal
notes: Abbreviation: R_HS4ly Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 3.10.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg18 --> h + hs_deg19 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6448#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SGSH# proteins: NAME:N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (sulfamidase), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Sgsh.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Scott HS, Blanch L, Guo XH, Freeman C, Orsborn A, Baker E, Sutherland GR, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Cloning of the sulphamidase gene and identification of mutations in Sanfilippo A syndrome#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7493035# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ, Melville EL, Anson DS#TITLE:Recombinant human sulphamidase: expression, amplification, purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9405287# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6448.1)
reactant: 673567
type: Reaction
product: 673604
product: 673616
reactant: 673579

561885
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747715
type: SpeciesReference

575544
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748027
type: SpeciesReference

754257
reversible: true
reactant: 621290
notes: Abbreviation: R_GARFT Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 2.1.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: IMP Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : 10fthf + gar <==> fgam + h + thf Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_2618#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GART#ECNUMBERS:2.1.2.2,,6.3.1.# LOCUS:_2618#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GART#ECNUMBERS:2.1.2.2,,6.3.1.# proteins: NAME:phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase #ABBREVIATION:GarT.1# NAME:phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase #ABBREVIATION:GarT.2# citations: AUTHORS:Brodsky G, Barnes T, Bleskan J, Becker L, Cox M, Patterson D.#TITLE:The human GARS-AIRS-GART gene encodes two proteins which are differentially expressed during human brain development and temporally overexpressed in cerebellum of individuals with Down syndrome. #JOURNAL:Hum Mol Genet. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9328467# AUTHORS:Zhang Y, Desharnais J, Greasley SE, Beardsley GP, Boger DL, Wilson IA.#TITLE:Crystal structures of human GAR Tfase at low and high pH and with substrate beta-GAR.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12450384# AUTHORS:Schild D, Brake AJ, Kiefer MC, Young D, Barr PJ.#TITLE:Cloning of three human multifunctional de novo purine biosynthetic genes by functional complementation of yeast mutations. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. #YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2183217# AUTHORS:Poch MT, Qin W, Caperelli CA. #TITLE:The human trifunctional enzyme of de novo purine biosynthesis: heterologous expression, purification, and preliminary characterization.#JOURNAL:Protein Expr Purif.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9473452# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2618.1) or (2618.2)
product: 621314
product: 621302
reactant: 621278
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 621327
name: phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

612368
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746861
type: SpeciesReference

637774
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

747761
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nitric oxide_NO
type: Species

595170
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744824
type: SpeciesReference

586639
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

587810
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

681574
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438
type: SpeciesReference

529998
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745354
type: SpeciesReference

614024
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

753571
product: 604582
reactant: 604570
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_antipyrene_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : antipyrene <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: antipyrene exchange
type: Reaction

745134
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Crotonoyl-CoA_C25H36N7O17P3S
type: Species

660472
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744570
type: SpeciesReference

749699
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nicotinamide_C6H6N2O
type: Species

677278
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

667478
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

747617
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-D-Mannosyldiacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human uterine homolog_C1245H2040N20O220P20
type: Species

613386
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745862
type: SpeciesReference

647176
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745168
type: SpeciesReference

644009
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747975
type: SpeciesReference

745440
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 3_C16H27N2O10X
type: Species

757289
product: 693571
product: 693558
reactant: 693546
reactant: 693534
notes: Abbreviation: R_LTDCL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.28 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : h + trp-L --> co2 + trypta Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_1644#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DDC#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.28# proteins: NAME:aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Ddc.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kitahama K, Ikemoto K, Jouvet A, Nagatsu I, Sakamoto N, Pearson J#TITLE:Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunohistochemistry in the adult human hypothalamus#JOURNAL:J Chem Neuroanat#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9924972# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1644.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-Tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
type: Reaction

750615
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_PIPLC Synonyms: _9 EC Number: 3.1.4.3 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + pail_hs --> dag_hs + h + mi1p-D Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5335#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCG1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.4.11# LOCUS:_5331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCB3# LOCUS:_23236#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCB1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.4.11# LOCUS:_5330#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCB2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.4.11# LOCUS:_5333#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCD1# LOCUS:_5332#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCB4# LOCUS:_5336#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCG2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.4.3# LOCUS:_89869#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCZ1# LOCUS:_257068#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCXD2# LOCUS:_5334#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCL1# LOCUS:_5332#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PLCB4# LOCUS:_84812#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCD4# LOCUS:_23007#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCL3# LOCUS:_51196#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCE1# LOCUS:_23236#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PLCB1# LOCUS:_113026#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCD3# LOCUS:_5335#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PLCG1# LOCUS:_9651#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCL4# proteins: NAME:phospholipase C, delta 4#ABBREVIATION:Plcd4.1# NAME:phospholipase C, delta 1#ABBREVIATION:Plcd1.1# NAME:phospholipase C-like 3#ABBREVIATION:Plcl3.1# NAME:phospholipase C, epsilon 1#ABBREVIATION:Plce1.1# NAME:phospholipase C, gamma 2 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)#ABBREVIATION:Plcg2.1# NAME:phospholipase C, beta 4#ABBREVIATION:Plcb4.1# NAME:phospholipase C, beta 4#ABBREVIATION:Plcb4.2# NAME:phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific)#ABBREVIATION:Plcb1.1# NAME:phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific)#ABBREVIATION:Plcb1.2# NAME:phospholipase C, zeta 1#ABBREVIATION:Plcz1.1# NAME:phospholipase C, delta 3#ABBREVIATION:Plcd3.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, X domain containing 2 #ABBREVIATION:Plcxd2.1# NAME:phospholipase C, beta 3 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)#ABBREVIATION:Plcb3.1# NAME:phospholipase C, gamma 1#ABBREVIATION:Plcg1.1# NAME:phospholipase C, gamm…
product: 534776
reversible: false
product: 534801
name: phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C
product: 534789
reactant: 534752
fast: false
reactant: 534764

565522
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745058
type: SpeciesReference

533111
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

755633
product: 654204
product: 654192
reactant: 654180
reactant: 654168
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADNt4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: adn[e] + na1[e] --> adn[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_9154#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC28A1# LOCUS:_9153#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC28A2# LOCUS:_64078#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC28A3# LOCUS:_9154#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC28A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 1, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc28a1.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 2, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc28a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 3, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc28a3.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc28a1.2-e# citations: AUTHORS:Gray JH, Owen RP, Giacomini KM.#TITLE:The concentrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC28. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12856181# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9154.2) or (9154.1) or (64078.1) or (9153.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: adenosine transport (Na/Adn cotransport)
type: Reaction

551083
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748559
type: SpeciesReference

544983
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747435
type: SpeciesReference

752763
product: 585939
reactant: 585927
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETPENT3t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: tetpent3[e] <==> tetpent3[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

753429
product: 601400
product: 601388
reactant: 601376
reactant: 601364
notes: Abbreviation: R_SIAASE3ly Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 3.2.1.18 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksii_core2 --> acnam + ksii_core2_deg1 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Biel…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: sialidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

661553
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748945
type: SpeciesReference

749697
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate_C21H25N7O17P3
type: Species

749471
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Fe3+_Fe
type: Species

586121
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

596019
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

752977
product: 590925
reactant: 590913
notes: Abbreviation: R_PItg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: pi[g] --> pi[c] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: phosphate transport, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

571286
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748697
type: SpeciesReference

664223
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

614750
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748867
type: SpeciesReference

647020
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609
type: SpeciesReference

745132
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: alpha-Tocotrienol_C29H44O2
type: Species

655313
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745508
type: SpeciesReference

586783
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746331
type: SpeciesReference

756454
product: 673555
product: 673543
reactant: 673531
reactant: 673519
notes: Abbreviation: R_PSP_L Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.3 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + pser-L --> pi + ser-L Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_5723#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PSPH#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.3# LOCUS:_8781#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PSPHL# proteins: NAME:phosphoserine phosphatase #ABBREVIATION:Psph.1# NAME:phosphoserine phosphatase-like #ABBREVIATION:Psphl.1# citations: AUTHORS:Planitzer SA, Machl AW, Rueckels M, Kubbies M.#TITLE:Identification of a novel c-DNA overexpressed in Fanconi's anemia fibroblasts partially homologous to a putative L-3-phosphoserine-phosphatase.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9573387# AUTHORS:Collet JF, Gerin I, Rider MH, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E. #TITLE:Human L-3-phosphoserine phosphatase: sequence, expression and evidence for a phosphoenzyme intermediate.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9188776# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5723.1) or (8781.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: phosphoserine phosphatase (L-serine)
type: Reaction

604243
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745454
type: SpeciesReference

580632
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916
type: SpeciesReference

747765
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Naphthalene_C10H8
type: Species

655890
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

687155
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

754259
product: 621351
reactant: 621339
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_9_DASH_cis_DASH_retfa_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 9-cis-retfa <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid 9-cis-retinol exchange
type: Reaction

744928
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: beta-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

642651
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747635
type: SpeciesReference

539656
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744412
type: SpeciesReference

753573
product: 604631
product: 604618
reactant: 604606
reactant: 604594
notes: Abbreviation: R_FOLR2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.5.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [c] : fol + nadph --> dhf + nadp Confidence Level: 2 Reaction can be catalyzed by dihydrofolate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.3) - to H2F genes: LOCUS:_1719#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DHFR#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.3# proteins: NAME:dihydrofolate reductase #ABBREVIATION:Dhfr.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Funanage VL, Myoda TT, Moses PA, Cowell HR.#TITLE:Assignment of the human dihydrofolate reductase gene to the q11----q22 region of chromosome 5.#JOURNAL:Mol Cell Biol. #YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6504041# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1719.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: folate reductase
type: Reaction

597388
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

576320
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

586435
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

596549
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749175
type: SpeciesReference

609768
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746339
type: SpeciesReference

747619
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Malonate semialdehyde_C3H3O3
type: Species

658795
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748927
type: SpeciesReference

678976
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749738
type: SpeciesReference

750613
product: 534739
reactant: 534727
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2Otm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: h2o[c] <==> h2o[m] Confidence Level: 4 IF genes: LOCUS:_343#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AQP8# proteins: NAME:Aquaporin 8 (mitochondrial) #ABBREVIATION:Aqp8.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Calamita G, Ferri D, Gena P, Liquori GE, Cavalier A, Thomas D, Svelto M.#TITLE:The inner mitochondrial membrane has aquaporin-8 water channels and is highly permeable to water. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15749715# GENE ASSOCIATION: (343.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: H2O transport, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

614604
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

658868
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746297
type: SpeciesReference

756568
product: 676254
reactant: 676241
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_malttr_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : malttr <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Maltotriose exchange
type: Reaction

613651
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748009
type: SpeciesReference

570585
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746215
type: SpeciesReference

578398
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747187
type: SpeciesReference

685324
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

613096
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

656445
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747979
type: SpeciesReference

748853
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
type: Species

754251
product: 621205
reactant: 621193
notes: Abbreviation: R_MTRI Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.3.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [c] : 5mdr1p <==> 5mdru1p Confidence Level: 2 genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Myers RW, Abeles RH#TITLE:Conversion of 5-S-ethyl-5-thio-D-ribose to ethionine in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Basis for the selective toxicity of 5-S-ethyl-5-thio-D-ribose#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2543672# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase
type: Reaction

565414
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747975
type: SpeciesReference

745550
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA), degradation product 4_C31H49NO29S
type: Species

591481
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746437
type: SpeciesReference

656518
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744160
type: SpeciesReference

747323
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Linoleyl carnitine_C25H45NO4
type: Species

535805
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609
type: SpeciesReference

533761
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749131
type: SpeciesReference

677060
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744558
type: SpeciesReference

637003
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

529842
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745728
type: SpeciesReference

642759
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746378
type: SpeciesReference

745026
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Apocarboxylase (Lys residue)_C6H13N2OX
type: Species

690399
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747707
type: SpeciesReference

753423
product: 601229
product: 601217
reactant: 601205
reactant: 601193
notes: Abbreviation: R_UMPK5n Synonyms: _9 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : datp + ump <==> dadp + udp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: UMP kinase (dATP),nuclear
type: Reaction

649934
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748417
type: SpeciesReference

574069
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

540248
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

622491
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

757283
product: 693413
reactant: 693401
notes: Abbreviation: R_KSII_CORE2tly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: ksii_core2[e] --> ksii_core2[l] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: keratan sulfate II (core 2) transport, extracellular to lysosome
type: Reaction

652069
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747345
type: SpeciesReference

756566
reactant: 676169
reactant: 676181
product: 676217
product: 676229
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_34DHPLACOX Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.5 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : 34dhpac + h2o + nad --> 34dhpha + (2) h + nadh Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_221#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_222#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_220#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A3#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_218#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a3.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ambroziak W, Pietruszko R#TITLE:Human aldehyde dehydrogenase. Activity with aldehyde metabolites of monoamines, diamines, and polyamines#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:2071588# AUTHORS:Keung WM#TITLE:Biogenic aldehyde(s) derived from the action of monoamine oxidase may mediate the antidipsotropic effect of daidzin#JOURNAL:Chem Biol Interact#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11306106# GENE ASSOCIATION: (218.1) or (222.1) or (220.1) or (221.1)
name: _3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reversible: false
reactant: 676193
product: 676205
fast: false

750611
product: 534715
reactant: 534703
notes: Abbreviation: R_DLNLCGCRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: dlnlcgcrn[c] --> dlnlcgcrn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: transport into the mitochondria (carnitine)
type: Reaction

569084
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744000
type: SpeciesReference

534643
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746605
type: SpeciesReference

612480
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

655469
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748739
type: SpeciesReference

646348
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749073
type: SpeciesReference

695089
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744648
type: SpeciesReference

538288
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748321
type: SpeciesReference

667321
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746004
type: SpeciesReference

747321
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Linoleyl carnitine_C25H45NO4
type: Species

681465
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749493
type: SpeciesReference

746501
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GP1c alpha (homo sapiens)_C99H159N7O62FULLRCO
type: Species

560603
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981
type: SpeciesReference

749363
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P
type: Species

612158
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747837
type: SpeciesReference

651751
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744678
type: SpeciesReference

691266
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

555310
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

754253
product: 621229
reactant: 621217
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_7thf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 7thf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: heptaglutamyl folate (THF) exchange
type: Reaction

751917
fast: false
product: 565655
product: 565643
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLASNT_Uer Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.1.119 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : Asn-X-Ser/Thr + (0.1) g3m8mpdol_U --> (0.1) doldp_U + g3m8masn + h Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6185#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RPN2# LOCUS:_6184#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RPN1# LOCUS:_1650#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DDOST# LOCUS:_1603#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DAD1# proteins: NAME:oligosaccharyltransferase complex, endoplasmic reticulum (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Ost-er# citations: AUTHORS:Nakashima T, Sekiguchi T, Kuraoka A, Fukushima K, Shibata Y, Komiyama S, Nishimoto T.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a human cDNA encoding a novel protein, DAD1, whose defect causes apoptotic cell death in hamster BHK21 cells.#JOURNAL:Mol Cell Biol#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8413235# AUTHORS:Yamagata T, Tsuru T, Momoi MY, Suwa K, Nozaki Y, Mukasa T, Ohashi H, Fukushima Y, Momoi T#TITLE:Genome organization of human 48-kDa oligosaccharyltransferase (DDOST)#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9367678# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6185.1 and 1650.1 and 6184.1 and 1603.1)
reactant: 565607
reactant: 565619
type: Reaction
name: Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide:protein-L-asparagine oligopolysaccharidotransferase (uterus)
product: 565631

752871
product: 588413
reactant: 588401
notes: Abbreviation: R_DIGALSGALSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: digalsgalside_hs[c] <==> digalsgalside_hs[g] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - intracellular transport occurs, most details are unknown - see for example Varki glycobiology text or numerous reviews (PMID: 8206147) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Sandhoff K, Klein A.#TITLE:Intracellular trafficking of glycosphingolipids: role of sphingolipid activator proteins in the topology of endocytosis and lysosomal digestion.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8206147# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: digalsgalside_hs intracellular transport
type: Reaction

681708
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

646238
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749389
type: SpeciesReference

748851
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Tyrosine_C9H11NO3
type: Species

670485
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745268
type: SpeciesReference

693607
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745706
type: SpeciesReference

585060
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855
type: SpeciesReference

756458
product: 673640
reactant: 673628
notes: Abbreviation: R_TMLYSter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: tmlys[r] --> tmlys[c] Confidence Level: 1 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: trimethyl-L-lysine transport (ER to cytosol)
type: Reaction

544377
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746871
type: SpeciesReference

569192
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

677120
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746559
type: SpeciesReference

570401
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747975
type: SpeciesReference

747325
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Linolenic acid, C18:3, n-3_C18H29O2
type: Species

749589
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Bicarbonate_CHO3
type: Species

556108
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745410
type: SpeciesReference

597278
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746148
type: SpeciesReference

650670
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748399
type: SpeciesReference

745024
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Apocarboxylase (Lys residue)_C6H13N2OX
type: Species

591601
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746453
type: SpeciesReference

595462
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748331
type: SpeciesReference

651601
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748331
type: SpeciesReference

651540
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746255
type: SpeciesReference

753425
product: 601290
product: 601302
reactant: 601254
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 601241
reactant: 601266
name: NADH:cob(III)alamine oxidoreductase
product: 601278
notes: Abbreviation: R_CBL2OR Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin B12 Metabolism Equation: [c] : (2) aqcobal + h + nadh --> (2) cbl2 + (2) h2o + nad Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Carmel R, Green R, Rosenblatt DS, Watkins D.#TITLE:Update on cobalamin, folate, and homocysteine.#JOURNAL:Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program).#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14633777# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reversible: false

580523
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746901
type: SpeciesReference

757285
product: 693462
product: 693449
reactant: 693437
reactant: 693425
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALASE14ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg38 --> gal + ksi_deg39 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Bielicki J,…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-galactosidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

756564
product: 676157
reactant: 676145
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALGLUSIDEtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: galgluside_hs[c] <==> galgluside_hs[l] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - however must get to other intracellular compartments (e.g. lysosome for degradation) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: galgluside_hs intracellular transport
type: Reaction

518999
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748801
type: SpeciesReference

642021
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745738
type: SpeciesReference

664115
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

570694
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

609877
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

696016
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748453
type: SpeciesReference

745022
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Holocarboxylase (biotin covalent bound to Lys residue of apoC)_C16H27N4O3SX
type: Species

749587
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hyaluronan biosynthesis, precursor 1_C14H20NO11
type: Species

586011
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744112
type: SpeciesReference

749361
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: clupanodonic acid_C22H33O2
type: Species

576211
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

755789
type: Reaction
name: hyaluronan synthase
reversible: false
product: 657876
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_HAS1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.1.212 SUBSYSTEM: Hyaluronan Metabolism Equation: uacgam[c] + udpglcur[c] --> (2) h[c] + ha_pre1[e] + (2) udp[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3036#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HAS1# LOCUS:_3037#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HAS2# LOCUS:_3038#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HAS3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_3038#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:HAS3# proteins: NAME:hyaluronan synthase 1#ABBREVIATION:Has1.1# NAME:hyaluronan synthase 2#ABBREVIATION:Has2.1# NAME:hyaluronan synthase 3#ABBREVIATION:Has3.1# NAME:hyaluronan synthase 3#ABBREVIATION:Has3.2# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Itano N, Kimata K.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of human hyaluronan synthase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8651928# AUTHORS:Shyjan AM, Heldin P, Butcher EC, Yoshino T, Briskin MJ#TITLE:Functional cloning of the cDNA for a human hyaluronan synthase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8798544# AUTHORS:Watanabe K, Yamaguchi Y#TITLE:Molecular identification of a putative human hyaluronan synthase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8798477# AUTHORS:Spicer AP, Olson JS, McDonald JA#TITLE:Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the third putative mammalian hyaluronan synthase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9083017# AUTHORS:Itano N, Kimata K#TITLE:Mammalian hyaluronan synthases#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512858# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3038.2) or (3036.1) or (3038.1) or (3037.1)
product: 657864
reactant: 657840
reactant: 657828
product: 657852

746503
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GP1c alpha (homo sapiens)_C99H159N7O62FULLRCO
type: Species

596127
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744494
type: SpeciesReference

752873
product: 588438
reactant: 588425
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ncam_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ncam <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Nicotinamide exchange
type: Reaction

676193
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

751915
product: 565595
reactant: 565583
notes: Abbreviation: R_ILEt5m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: ile-L[c] <==> ile-L[m] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Porter RK.#TITLE:Mammalian mitochondrial inner membrane cationic and neutral amino acid carriers.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11004451# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Isoleucine mitochondrial transport
type: Reaction

642542
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747511
type: SpeciesReference

754255
product: 621266
product: 621253
reactant: 621241
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADNCYC Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 4.6.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : atp --> camp + ppi Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_112#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADCY6#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# LOCUS:_113#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADCY7#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# LOCUS:_111#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADCY5#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# LOCUS:_55811#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SAC#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# LOCUS:_114#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADCY8#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# LOCUS:_115#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADCY9#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# LOCUS:_108#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADCY2#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# LOCUS:_109#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADCY3#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# LOCUS:_107#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADCY1#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# LOCUS:_196883#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADCY4#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# LOCUS:_112#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ADCY6#ECNUMBERS:4.6.1.1# proteins: NAME:adenylate cyclase 1 (brain) #ABBREVIATION:Adcy1.1# NAME:adenylate cyclase 2 (brain) #ABBREVIATION:Adcy2.1# NAME:adenylate cyclase 3 #ABBREVIATION:Adcy3.1 # NAME:adenylate cyclase 4 #ABBREVIATION:Adcy4.1# NAME:adenylate cyclase 5 #ABBREVIATION:Adcy5.1# NAME:adenylate cyclase 6 #ABBREVIATION:Adcy6.1# NAME:adenylate cyclase 6#ABBREVIATION:Adcy6.2# NAME:adenylate cyclase 7 #ABBREVIATION:Adcy7.1# NAME:adenylate cyclase 8 (brain) #ABBREVIATION:Adcy8.1# NAME:adenylate cyclase 9 #ABBREVIATION:Adcy9.1# NAME:testicular soluble adenylyl cyclase #ABBREVIATION:Sac.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ding Q, Gros R, Chorazyczewski J, Ferguson SS, Feldman RD. #TITLE:Isoform-specific regulation of adenylyl cyclase function by disruption of membrane trafficking.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol.#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15547246# AUTHORS:Ludwig MG, Seuwen K. #TITLE:Characterization of the human adenylyl cyclase gene family: cDNA, gene structure, and tissue distribution of the nine isoforms. #JOURNAL:J Recept Signal Transduct Res#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12503609# AUTHORS:Gaudin C, Homcy CJ, Ishikawa Y.#TITLE:Mammalian adenylyl cyclase family members are randomly located on different chromosomes.…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: adenylate cyclase
type: Reaction

628118
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747115
type: SpeciesReference

579495
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

623986
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746605
type: SpeciesReference

690545
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species: 747231
type: SpeciesReference

634631
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

659301
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species: 745926
type: SpeciesReference

748857
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2
type: Species

656667
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749099
type: SpeciesReference

655180
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748521
type: SpeciesReference

685444
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744608
type: SpeciesReference

756560
product: 676049
reactant: 676037
reactant: 676013
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_SERALANaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ala-L[c] + na1[e] + ser-L[e] --> ala-L[e] + na1[c] + ser-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6509#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A4# LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a4.1# NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6509.1) or (6510.1)
type: Reaction
product: 676073
fast: false
name: L-alanine/L-serine Na-dependent exchange (Ser-L in)
reactant: 676025
product: 676061

576741
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species: 748697
type: SpeciesReference

673025
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799
type: SpeciesReference

547770
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species: 748133
type: SpeciesReference

549147
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species: 745684
type: SpeciesReference

615969
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species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

586543
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species: 747911
type: SpeciesReference

590093
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744540
type: SpeciesReference

745020
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Holocarboxylase (biotin covalent bound to Lys residue of apoC)_C16H27N4O3SX
type: Species

522113
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749113
type: SpeciesReference

654228
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744080
type: SpeciesReference

553135
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

756562
reversible: false
product: 676133
reactant: 676085
name: aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4 (chlordecone reductase; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type I; dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 4)
fast: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 676097
reactant: 676109
product: 676121
notes: Abbreviation: R_AKR1C42 Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 1.1.1.50 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : h + nadh + xoldioloneh --> nad + xoltriol Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1109#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AKR1C4#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.225# proteins: NAME:aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4#ABBREVIATION:Akr1c4.1# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1109.1)

745554
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA), free chain_C45H67N2O46S3
type: Species

612255
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748667
type: SpeciesReference

746505
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GP1c alpha (homo sapiens)_C99H159N7O62FULLRCO
type: Species

754689
product: 631816
product: 631804
reactant: 631792
reactant: 631780
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARGtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: arg-L[c] + h[m] <==> arg-L[m] + h[c] Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_83884#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A2# LOCUS:_10166#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A15# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; ornithine transporter) member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a2.1-m# NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; ornithine transporter) member 15#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a15.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (83884.1) or (10166.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: arginine mitochondrial transport via ornithine carrier
type: Reaction

752875
product: 588487
product: 588475
reactant: 588462
reactant: 588450
notes: Abbreviation: R_5HXKYNDCL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.28 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : 5hxkyn + h --> 5hxkynam + co2 Confidence Level: 1 SAB genes: LOCUS:_1644#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DDC#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.28# proteins: NAME:aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Ddc.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1644.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5-Hydroxykynurenamine decarboxy-lyase
type: Reaction

616404
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746399
type: SpeciesReference

749585
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hyaluronan_C28H40N2O22
type: Species

604473
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

539365
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

553243
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747283
type: SpeciesReference

583283
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748955
type: SpeciesReference

748855
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
type: Species

660182
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747083
type: SpeciesReference

745448
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Core 6_C16H27N2O10X
type: Species

757281
reactant: 693341
product: 693389
type: Reaction
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_DESAT22_2p Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.14.19.1 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid elongation Equation: [x] : clpndcoa + h + nadh + o2 --> c226coa + (2) h2o + nad Confidence Level: 4 for homo sapiens, noted to actually be NADH-cyt b5, using NADH at present Sprecher "An update on the pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism" among others describe peroxisomal localization (inner side) n-3 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Sprecher H#TITLE:An update on the pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism#JOURNAL:Curr Opn in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Horrobin DF#TITLE:Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:1990# AUTHORS:Leonard AE, Bobik EG, Dorado J, Kroeger PE, Chuang LT, Thurmond JM, Parker-Barnes JM, Das T, Huang YS, Mukerji P#TITLE:Cloning of a human cDNA encoding a novel enzyme involved in the elongation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:Ferdinandusse S, Denis S, Mooijer PAW, Zhang Z, Reddy JK, Spector AA, Wanders RJA#TITLE:Identification of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid#JOURNAL:Journal of Lipid Research#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Pereira SL, Leonard AE, Mukerji P#TITLE:Recent advances in the study of fatty acid desaturases from animals and lower eukaryotes#JOURNAL:Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 693365
product: 693377
reversible: false
reactant: 693329
reactant: 693353
reactant: 693317
name: fatty acyl-CoA desaturase (n-C22:5CoA -> n-C22:6CoA)

560917
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

690692
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

575436
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747979
type: SpeciesReference

753421
reactant: 601133
product: 601181
reversible: false
reactant: 601145
type: Reaction
product: 601157
name: pyridoxamine kinase
notes: Abbreviation: R_PYDAMK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.35 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin B6 Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + pydam --> adp + h + pyam5p Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PDXK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.35# proteins: NAME:pyridoxal (pyridoxine, vitamin B6) kinase #ABBREVIATION:PdxK.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ink SL, Henderson LM.#TITLE:Vitamin B6 metabolism.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6380540# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8566.1)
product: 601169
fast: false

603401
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744204
type: SpeciesReference

587920
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746470
type: SpeciesReference

595389
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746018
type: SpeciesReference

603099
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745828
type: SpeciesReference

645517
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

546839
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745076
type: SpeciesReference

747611
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-1,4-mannose-N-acetylglucosamine_C14H25NO11
type: Species

649379
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744600
type: SpeciesReference

554896
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746987
type: SpeciesReference

746507
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
type: Species

673713
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748233
type: SpeciesReference

639130
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747959
type: SpeciesReference

566907
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743964
type: SpeciesReference

751919
product: 565703
product: 565691
reactant: 565679
reactant: 565667
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEX13ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.52 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg16 --> acgam + ksi_deg17 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexB-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3074.1) or (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

602564
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746535
type: SpeciesReference

696727
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099
type: SpeciesReference

533261
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746331
type: SpeciesReference

745552
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA), degradation product 5_C23H36O24S
type: Species

616800
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

604534
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748477
type: SpeciesReference

526688
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746451
type: SpeciesReference

752877
product: 588535
product: 588523
reactant: 588511
reactant: 588499
notes: Abbreviation: R_MM6B1bg Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 3.2.1.113 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : h2o + m6masnB2 --> m5masnB1 + man Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4121#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A1# LOCUS:_10905#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A2# LOCUS:_57134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1C1# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 1, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a1.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 2, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a2.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1, Golgi apparatus (all tested except lung, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:Man1c1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel human Golgi alpha 1, 2-mannosidase (IC) involved in N-glycan biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10915796# AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Campbell Dyke N, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and tissue-specific expression of a novel human alpha1,2-mannosidase gene involved in N-glycan maturation.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9592125# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4121.1) or (10905.1) or (57134.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

577987
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744880
type: SpeciesReference

613230
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745578
type: SpeciesReference

749583
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: H+_H
type: Species

568317
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species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

651959
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744106
type: SpeciesReference

666561
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747819
type: SpeciesReference

756722
product: 679979
name: lipase
fast: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 679931
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_LPS3 Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 3.1.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Triacylglycerol Synthesis Equation: [c] : h2o + mag_hs --> Rtotal2 + glyc + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_11343#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MGLL# LOCUS:_11343#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:MGLL# proteins: NAME:monoglyceride lipase#ABBREVIATION:Mgll.1# NAME:monoglyceride lipase#ABBREVIATION:Mgll.2# citations: AUTHORS:Wall EM, Cao J, Chen N, Buller RM, Upton C.#TITLE:A novel poxvirus gene and its human homolog are similar to an E. coli lysophospholipase.#JOURNAL:Virus Res#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9495531# GENE ASSOCIATION: (11343.1) or (11343.2)
product: 679955
product: 679967
reactant: 679943

530979
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

687758
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

603281
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749067
type: SpeciesReference

745296
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Choline_C5H14NO
type: Species

622178
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

749353
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Cholesterol_C27H46O
type: Species

605951
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

744960
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: S-aminomethyldihydrolipoamide_C9H21N2OS2
type: Species

619830
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746012
type: SpeciesReference

596163
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746211
type: SpeciesReference

748871
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
type: Species

755061
product: 640928
reactant: 640916
notes: Abbreviation: R_COUMARINte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: coumarin[e] <==> coumarin[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, related cyp P450 metabolism reactions NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport
type: Reaction

603822
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748739
type: SpeciesReference

612660
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799
type: SpeciesReference

687698
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

679821
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746420
type: SpeciesReference

614195
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746211
type: SpeciesReference

590515
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745808
type: SpeciesReference

745592
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), degradation product 6_C31H48NO32S2
type: Species

681852
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747579
type: SpeciesReference

582020
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744810
type: SpeciesReference

657901
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

747305
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: linoelaidyl coenzyme A_C39H62N7O17P3S
type: Species

745298
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Choline_C5H14NO
type: Species

746663
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O2
type: Species

604329
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749031
type: SpeciesReference

678131
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

672216
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747045
type: SpeciesReference

744334
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone glucuronide_C25H38O8
type: Species

589333
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745524
type: SpeciesReference

676602
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species: 746631
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555951
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species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

544523
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species: 747805
type: SpeciesReference

756724
product: 680027
product: 680015
reactant: 680003
reactant: 679991
notes: Abbreviation: R_ABUTt2r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _4abut[e] + h[e] <==> 4abut[c] + h[c] Confidence Level: 2 SAB r genes: LOCUS:_206358#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC36A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc36a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Sagne C, Agulhon C, Ravassard P, Darmon M, Hamon M, El Mestikawy S, Gasnier B, Giros B#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a lysosomal transporter for small neutral amino acids#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11390972# AUTHORS:Boll M, Foltz M, Rubio-Aliaga I, Kottra G, Daniel H#TITLE:Functional characterization of two novel mammalian electrogenic proton-dependent amino acid cotransporters#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11959859# GENE ASSOCIATION: (206358.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _4-aminobutyrate reversible transport in via proton symport
type: Reaction

681744
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species: 746649
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577177
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645745
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597807
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species: 746607
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666789
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587179
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592714
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species: 746631
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755751
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reactant: 656934
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fast: false
reversible: true
name: ribose-5-phosphate isomerase
type: Reaction

755063
reactant: 640952
reactant: 640940
reactant: 640964
type: Reaction
fast: false
name: _3-Methoxytyramine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
product: 640976
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reversible: false
product: 640988

745594
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boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), degradation product 7_C23H35O27S2
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586999
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species: 749269
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748873
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627612
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species: 747965
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species: 748271
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747303
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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: linoelaidyl coenzyme A_C39H62N7O17P3S
type: Species

667939
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species: 748857
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749357
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646652
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752729
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product: 584975
reactant: 584963
reactant: 584951
notes: Abbreviation: R_MCDp Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [x] : h + malcoa --> accoa + co2 Confidence Level: 0 TDV (9/14/2004) NJ added peroxismal and cytoplasmic reactions genes: LOCUS:_23417#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MLYCD#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.9# proteins: NAME:malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, peroxisomal#ABBREVIATION:Mlycd.1-p# citations: AUTHORS:Kerner J, Hoppel CL.#TITLE:Radiochemical malonyl-CoA decarboxylase assay: activity and subcellular distribution in heart and skeletal muscle.#JOURNAL:Anal Biochem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12123667# AUTHORS:Wightman PJ, Santer R, Ribes A, Dougherty F, McGill N, Thorburn DR, FitzPatrick DR#TITLE:MLYCD mutation analysis: evidence for protein mistargeting as a cause of MLYCD deficiency#JOURNAL:Hum Mutat#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12955715# GENE ASSOCIATION: (23417.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase peroxisomal
type: Reaction

658988
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species: 745362
type: SpeciesReference

556833
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species: 744780
type: SpeciesReference

660605
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species: 746630
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672917
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species: 745268
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744336
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has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone glucuronide_C25H38O8
type: Species

623106
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species: 744658
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651418
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species: 748247
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545444
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species: 745684
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634668
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species: 748861
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species: 748619
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522950
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species: 747707
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756726
product: 680052
reactant: 680040
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_imp_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : imp <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: IMP exchange
type: Reaction

611530
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744260
type: SpeciesReference

755065
product: 641048
product: 641036
reactant: 641024
reactant: 641012
notes: Abbreviation: R_THMt2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: h[c] + thm[c] --> h[m] + thm[m] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Song Q, Singleton CK. #TITLE:Mitochondria from cultured cells derived from normal and thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia individuals efficiently import thiamine diphosphate.#JOURNAL:BMC Biochem.#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:12014993# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Thiamine transport in via proton symport, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

569047
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745530
type: SpeciesReference

650465
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386
type: SpeciesReference

692110
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species: 748263
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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

744964
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boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: _2-Aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde_C6H7NO3
type: Species

691038
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396
type: SpeciesReference

571189
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species: 748145
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species: 745658
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species: 745338
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749359
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boundary condition: true
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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: Chloride_Cl
type: Species

633399
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species: 746401
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563906
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species: 746607
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755067
product: 641096
product: 641084
reactant: 641072
reactant: 641060
notes: Abbreviation: R_GTHPe Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.11.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Glutathione Metabolism Equation: [e] : (2) gthrd + h2o2 <==> gthox + (2) h2o Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_2878#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GPX3#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.9# LOCUS:_257202#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GPX6#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.9# proteins: NAME:glutathione peroxidase 3 (plasma)#ABBREVIATION:Gpx3.1-e# NAME:glutathione peroxidase 6 (olfactory)#ABBREVIATION:Gpx6.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E #TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 1#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Takahashi K, Avissar N, Whitin J, Cohen H.#TITLE:Purification and characterization of human plasma glutathione peroxidase: a selenoglycoprotein distinct from the known cellular enzyme#JOURNAL:Arch Biochem Biophys#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3619451# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2878.1) or (257202.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glutathione peroxidase (e)
type: Reaction

564617
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748869
type: SpeciesReference

747309
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Linoelaidyl carnitine_C25H45NO4
type: Species

694474
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746084
type: SpeciesReference

649319
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748139
type: SpeciesReference

667890
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746058
type: SpeciesReference

525971
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746240
type: SpeciesReference

582743
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482
type: SpeciesReference

595692
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

608387
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745546
type: SpeciesReference

746667
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hexadecenoate (n-C16:1)_C16H29O2
type: Species

744338
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone glucuronide_C25H38O8
type: Species

654904
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745410
type: SpeciesReference

654843
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743932
type: SpeciesReference

632616
stoichiometry: 1.375
species: 744526
type: SpeciesReference

647755
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

644348
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

534413
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

532482
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745514
type: SpeciesReference

756728
product: 680076
reactant: 680064
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ribflv_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ribflv <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Riboflavin exchange
type: Reaction

552025
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747847
type: SpeciesReference

624325
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748847
type: SpeciesReference

526529
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746328
type: SpeciesReference

744966
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine_C15H23N6O5S
type: Species

540477
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746062
type: SpeciesReference

595158
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747945
type: SpeciesReference

752879
product: 588559
reactant: 588547
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCACGALFUCGALACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: fucacgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> fucacgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

603678
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

543145
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

587737
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747219
type: SpeciesReference

575641
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

617078
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

575580
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744324
type: SpeciesReference

636943
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652
type: SpeciesReference

747307
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Linoelaidyl carnitine_C25H45NO4
type: Species

533039
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748903
type: SpeciesReference

592160
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746349
type: SpeciesReference

649102
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

652298
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

755069
product: 641144
product: 641132
reactant: 641120
reactant: 641108
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGH_DASH_5THFl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [l] : 5thf + (4) h2o --> (4) glu-L + thf Confidence Level: 4 REMOVES EITHER ONE OR TWO GLUTAMYL RESIDUES WITH A REACTION (WILL ONLY REPRESENT 1) - last step from 5-glutamyl to monoglutamyl is in one step IT genes: LOCUS:_8836#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GGH#ECNUMBERS:3.4.19.9# proteins: NAME:gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase) #ABBREVIATION:Ggh.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# AUTHORS:Rhee MS, Lindau-Shepard B, Chave KJ, Galivan J, Ryan TJ.#TITLE:Characterization of human cellular gamma-glutamyl hydrolase.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9614206# AUTHORS:Chandler CJ, Wang TT, Halsted CH.#TITLE:Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from human jejunal brush borders. Purification and characterization. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1986#PUBMED:2867095# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8836.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (5THF), lysosomal
type: Reaction

745590
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), degradation product 5_C31H47NO35S3
type: Species

673700
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748235
type: SpeciesReference

591348
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

691182
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746805
type: SpeciesReference

561001
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746387
type: SpeciesReference

756580
product: 676518
reactant: 676470
type: Reaction
reactant: 676482
product: 676506
product: 676530
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL2042 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + eicostet <==> amp + eicostetcoa + ppi Confidence Level: 4 rev version so additional rxn doesn't need to be added to "unload" AA alternate to arachidonic acid (n-3 rather than n-6) NJ genes: LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2180.1)
reactant: 676494
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
reversible: true

596645
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747031
type: SpeciesReference

690121
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744810
type: SpeciesReference

746665
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O2
type: Species

578083
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

615545
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749045
type: SpeciesReference

556687
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747653
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

744968
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine_C15H23N6O5S
type: Species

646385
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744968
type: SpeciesReference

650574
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429
type: SpeciesReference

750609
product: 534691
reactant: 534679
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_retinol_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : retinol <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Retinol exchange
type: Reaction

619264
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747121
type: SpeciesReference

634777
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

598703
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745320
type: SpeciesReference

673291
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

646508
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748395
type: SpeciesReference

676097
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

673870
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434
type: SpeciesReference

528156
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747123
type: SpeciesReference

612171
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748323
type: SpeciesReference

549244
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745170
type: SpeciesReference

752723
fast: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 584831
reversible: false
reactant: 584819
product: 584867
product: 584843
product: 584855
name: L-hydroxyproline dehydrogenase (NAD), mitochondrial
notes: Abbreviation: R_HPROxm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.5.1.12 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [m] : 4hpro-LT + nad --> 1p3h5c + (2) h + nadh Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8659#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH4A1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.12# LOCUS:_8659#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALDH4A1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.12# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh4a1.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh4a1.2-m# citations: AUTHORS:Takayama T, Fujita K, Suzuki K, Sakaguchi M, Fujie M, Nagai E, Watanabe S, Ichiyama A, Ogawa Y#TITLE:Control of oxalate formation from L-hydroxyproline in liver mitochondria#JOURNAL:J Am Soc Nephrol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12660328# AUTHORS:Knight J, Holmes RP#TITLE:Mitochondrial hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for primary hyperoxaluria#JOURNAL:Am J Nephrol#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15849464# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8659.1) or (8659.2)

582852
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619
type: SpeciesReference

608230
stoichiometry: 1.5
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

689036
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747955
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552567
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

520192
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747341
type: SpeciesReference

543990
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

746096
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _8,9 epxoy aflatoxin B1_C17H12O7
type: Species

604014
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745474
type: SpeciesReference

592820
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

693704
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

577285
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747421
type: SpeciesReference

664453
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748935
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534305
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
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530726
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species: 745720
type: SpeciesReference

600877
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

651528
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746257
type: SpeciesReference

756874
product: 683299
product: 683287
reactant: 683275
reactant: 683263
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK3n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : ctp + dcmp <==> cdp + dcdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (dCMP,CTP),nuclear
type: Reaction

628540
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746263
type: SpeciesReference

545334
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746571
type: SpeciesReference

586207
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747113
type: SpeciesReference

595049
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743978
type: SpeciesReference

567609
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434
type: SpeciesReference

636834
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746241
type: SpeciesReference

628251
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748727
type: SpeciesReference

680076
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749810
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668156
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species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

564725
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species: 746376
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540586
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species: 746339
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686044
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species: 746235
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529251
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species: 747527
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532373
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species: 745412
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694582
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species: 746436
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683904
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species: 748483
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644239
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747007
type: SpeciesReference

678724
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species: 746611
type: SpeciesReference

689603
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species: 747933
type: SpeciesReference

662947
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396
type: SpeciesReference

677048
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species: 745482
type: SpeciesReference

745290
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boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol_C27H44O
type: Species

609179
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745152
type: SpeciesReference

544063
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744338
type: SpeciesReference

690230
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

540260
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

746669
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Hexadecenoate (n-C16:1)_C16H29O2
type: Species

556530
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

672638
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745386
type: SpeciesReference

596754
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747651
type: SpeciesReference

752721
product: 584807
reactant: 584795
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSPG_Btly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: cspg_b[e] --> cspg_b[l] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: chondroitin sulfate B transport, extracellular to lysosome
type: Reaction

611422
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746070
type: SpeciesReference

591457
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

581813
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

746094
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Erythrose 4-phosphate_C4H7O7P
type: Species

612468
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

533725
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

646905
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744684
type: SpeciesReference

652141
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

679628
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746278
type: SpeciesReference

756876
name: C180 fatty acid activation
fast: false
product: 683347
reactant: 683311
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL180i Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + ocdca --> amp + ppi + stcoa Confidence Level: 4 TV catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetases genes: LOCUS:_51703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL5# LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# LOCUS:_22305#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL6#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# LOCUS:_22305#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACSL6#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5#ABBREVIATION:Acsl5.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.2# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6#ABBREVIATION:Acsl6.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6 #ABBREVIATION:Acsl6.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (22305.2) or (2181.2) or (51703.1) or (2181.1) or (2180.1) or (22305.1)
reversible: false
product: 683371
reactant: 683335
product: 683359
type: Reaction
reactant: 683323

681007
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744206
type: SpeciesReference

636400
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746340
type: SpeciesReference

551652
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746993
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561157
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746831
type: SpeciesReference

605842
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

604437
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

745136
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Crotonoyl-CoA_C25H36N7O17P3S
type: Species

544946
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

689916
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120
type: SpeciesReference

745292
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Choline_C5H14NO
type: Species

629784
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

603172
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744562
type: SpeciesReference

566931
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

687540
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749117
type: SpeciesReference

645973
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748637
type: SpeciesReference

523746
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745576
type: SpeciesReference

574483
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749063
type: SpeciesReference

678240
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748011
type: SpeciesReference

639494
stoichiometry: 0.5
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

755641
product: 654398
reactant: 654386
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ak2lgchol_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ak2lgchol_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _1-alkyl 2-lysoglycerol 3-phosphocholine exchange
type: Reaction

612770
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746068
type: SpeciesReference

589442
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

744330
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone_C19H30O2
type: Species

575799
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746853
type: SpeciesReference

555842
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747487
type: SpeciesReference

584903
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

603978
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

531551
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748223
type: SpeciesReference

752727
product: 584939
reactant: 584927
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dmhptcrn_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dmhptcrn <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl carnitine exchange
type: Reaction

746092
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate_C5H8NO5
type: Species

532796
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

582177
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746649
type: SpeciesReference

756870
product: 683227
reactant: 683215
notes: Abbreviation: R_25HVITD3t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _25hvitd3[c] --> 25hvitd3[e] Confidence Level: 2 is found in blood --> subsequently has to be transported but how? based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.193 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _25-hydroxyvitamin D3 transport from cytoplasm
type: Reaction

548290
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746404
type: SpeciesReference

689795
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

657006
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

522792
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748977
type: SpeciesReference

671530
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746212
type: SpeciesReference

688229
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748999
type: SpeciesReference

563245
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746036
type: SpeciesReference

538663
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746649
type: SpeciesReference

745138
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-Aminopropion aldehyde_C3H8NO
type: Species

745294
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Choline_C5H14NO
type: Species

559972
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744492
type: SpeciesReference

620976
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744904
type: SpeciesReference

748983
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: w-hydroxyl arachidonic acid_C20H31O3
type: Species

534981
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120
type: SpeciesReference

667781
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

755643
product: 654422
reactant: 654410
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASNtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: asn-L[c] --> asn-L[m] Confidence Level: 2 TDV genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-asparagine transport, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

685408
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747105
type: SpeciesReference

744332
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone_C19H30O2
type: Species

748981
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Vitamin D3_C27H44O
type: Species

538107
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748531
type: SpeciesReference

599464
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746394
type: SpeciesReference

746090
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate_C5H8NO5
type: Species

752725
product: 584915
product: 584903
reactant: 584891
reactant: 584879
notes: Abbreviation: R_FATP9t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: na1[c] + nrvnc[c] <==> na1[e] + nrvnc[e] Confidence Level: 4 electroneutral transport NJ genes: LOCUS:_11001#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC27A2# LOCUS:_10998#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC27A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc27a5.1# NAME:solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc27a2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Steinberg SJ, Wang SJ, McGuinness MC, Watkins PA.#TITLE:Human liver-specific very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase: cDNA cloning and characterization of a second enzymatically active protein.#JOURNAL:Mol Genet Metab.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10479480# AUTHORS:Stahl A.#TITLE:A current review of fatty acid transport proteins (SLC27).#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12856180# AUTHORS:Pohl J, Ring A, Hermann T, Stremmel W.#TITLE:Role of FATP in parenchymal cell fatty acid uptake.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15522816# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10998.1) or (11001.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid electroneutral transport
type: Reaction

607650
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748825
type: SpeciesReference

551760
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749379
type: SpeciesReference

681151
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619
type: SpeciesReference

547698
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746745
type: SpeciesReference

645853
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746895
type: SpeciesReference

534825
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743898
type: SpeciesReference

756872
product: 683251
reactant: 683239
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ala_DASH_L_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ala-L <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-Alanine exchange
type: Reaction

598823
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748265
type: SpeciesReference

686164
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

670014
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744554
type: SpeciesReference

627721
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

687167
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748759
type: SpeciesReference

604231
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747715
type: SpeciesReference

665187
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748837
type: SpeciesReference

755601
product: 653515
product: 653527
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLPGT2_Ler Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolglcp_L + (0.1) g1m8mpdol_L --> (0.1) dolp_L + (0.1) g2m8mpdol_L + h Confidence Level: 0 EC 2.4.1.- NCD genes: LOCUS:_79053#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALG8# LOCUS:_79053#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALG8# LOCUS:_79053#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ALG8# proteins: NAME:alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Alg8.1-er# NAME:alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Alg8.2-er# NAME:alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Alg8.3-er# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (79053.1) or (79053.3) or (79053.2)
reactant: 653479
product: 653503
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dolichyl-phosphate-glucose-glycolipid alpha-glucosyltransferase (liver)
type: Reaction
reactant: 653491

647056
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

571298
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744406
type: SpeciesReference

664235
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748071
type: SpeciesReference

655325
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749377
type: SpeciesReference

586771
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745414
type: SpeciesReference

586133
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

661541
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721
type: SpeciesReference

650791
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

596007
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746605
type: SpeciesReference

752941
product: 590057
product: 590045
reactant: 590032
reactant: 590020
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLUDC Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.15 SUBSYSTEM: Glutamate metabolism Equation: [c] : glu-L + h --> 4abut + co2 Confidence Level: 4 JLR- added h to balance genes: LOCUS:_2572#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GAD2#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# LOCUS:_2571#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GAD1#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# LOCUS:_2571#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GAD1#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# proteins: NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad1.1# NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad1.2# NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bu DF, Tobin AJ. #TITLE:The exon-intron organization of the genes (GAD1 and GAD2) encoding two human glutamate decarboxylases (GAD67 and GAD65) suggests that they derive from a common ancestral GAD.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8088791# AUTHORS:Karlsen AE, Hagopian WA, Grubin CE, Dube S, Disteche CM, Adler DA, Barmeier H, Mathewes S, Grant FJ, Foster D, et al.#TITLE:Cloning and primary structure of a human islet isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase from chromosome 10.#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1924293# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2571.1) or (2572.1) or (2571.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Glutamate Decarboxylase
type: Reaction

640419
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746268
type: SpeciesReference

609732
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

551071
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099
type: SpeciesReference

693631
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745484
type: SpeciesReference

755645
reactant: 654434
product: 654470
product: 654458
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 654446
notes: Abbreviation: R_DHPR2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Tetrahydrobiopterin Equation: [c] : 5mthf + dhbpt --> h + mlthf + thbpt Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reversible: false
name: _6,7-dihydropteridine reduction
product: 654482

753417
product: 601061
reactant: 601048
notes: Abbreviation: R_CTPtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: ctp[c] <==> ctp[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: CTP diffusion in nucleus
type: Reaction

560844
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748937
type: SpeciesReference

748971
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Vitamin D2_C28H44O
type: Species

580668
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748007
type: SpeciesReference

754375
product: 624529
reactant: 624517
reactant: 624505
notes: Abbreviation: R_MGCHrm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.18 SUBSYSTEM: Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Metabolism Equation: [m] : 3mgcoa + h2o <==> hmgcoa Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_549#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AUH# proteins: NAME:AU RNA binding protein/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (mito)#ABBREVIATION:Auh.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:IJlst L, Loupatty FJ, Ruiter JP, Duran M, Lehnert W, Wanders RJ. #TITLE:_3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type I is caused by mutations in AUH.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12434311# AUTHORS:Narisawa K, Gibson KM, Sweetman L, Nyhan WL, Duran M, Wadman SK. #TITLE:Deficiency of 3-methylglutaconyl-coenzyme A hydratase in two siblings with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:3082934# GENE ASSOCIATION: (549.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase (reversible), mitochondrial
type: Reaction

660485
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745500
type: SpeciesReference

750601
product: 534462
reactant: 534449
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_mepi_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : mepi <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Metanephrine exchange
type: Reaction

613687
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746333
type: SpeciesReference

614616
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747939
type: SpeciesReference

748973
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Vitamin D2_C28H44O
type: Species

685336
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

696040
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746715
type: SpeciesReference

627504
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749770
type: SpeciesReference

570573
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749113
type: SpeciesReference

747203
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: de-Fuc, reducing GlcNAc removed, de-Sia form of PA6 (w/o peptide linkage)_C54H91N3O41
type: Species

564052
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748335
type: SpeciesReference

678940
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744828
type: SpeciesReference

522478
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

556228
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

549171
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745686
type: SpeciesReference

595584
stoichiometry: 8.0
species: 746609
type: SpeciesReference

745144
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Betaine aldehyde_C5H12NO
type: Species

586423
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

746511
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein_C55H106N4O38P4FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2X
type: Species

642687
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745124
type: SpeciesReference

576332
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

596537
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744310
type: SpeciesReference

539668
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744406
type: SpeciesReference

752881
product: 588584
reactant: 588572
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_co_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : co <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Carbon monoxide exchange
type: Reaction

680608
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746150
type: SpeciesReference

623719
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

753303
product: 598532
product: 598520
reactant: 598508
reactant: 598496
notes: Abbreviation: R_COQ6m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ubiquinone Biosynthesis Equation: [m] : 2dp6mep + o2 --> 2dp6mobq + h2o Confidence Level: 4 _1.13.12.- IT genes: LOCUS:_51004#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COQ6# LOCUS:_51004#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:COQ6# proteins: NAME:coenzyme Q6 homolog (yeast) #ABBREVIATION:Coq6.1-m# NAME:coenzyme Q6 homolog (yeast) #ABBREVIATION:Coq6.2-m# citations: AUTHORS:Kang DC, Takeshige K, Minakami S.#TITLE:An intermediate of ubiquinone biosynthesis exists in the microsomal fraction of HepG2 cells. #JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo).#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1965190# AUTHORS:Nambudiri AM, Ranganathan S, Rudney H#TITLE:The role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in the regulation of ubiquinone synthesis in human fibroblasts. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1980#PUBMED:7380842# AUTHORS:Szkopinska A.#TITLE:Ubiquinone. Biosynthesis of quinone ring and its isoprenoid side chain. Intracellular localization.#JOURNAL:Acta Biochim Pol. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11051212# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51004.1) or (51004.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Ubiquinone biosynthesis monooxgenase COQ6
type: Reaction

565559
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744016
type: SpeciesReference

561897
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745894
type: SpeciesReference

755603
product: 653551
reactant: 653539
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_whhdca_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : whhdca <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: omega hydroxy hexadecanoate (n-C16:0) exchange
type: Reaction

519806
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

756420
product: 672783
product: 672770
reactant: 672758
notes: Abbreviation: R_DCMPDA Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.4.12 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Catabolism Equation: [c] : dcmp + h + h2o <==> dump + nh4 Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_1635#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DCTD# proteins: NAME:dCMP deaminase #ABBREVIATION:Dctd.1# citations: AUTHORS:Weiner KX, Ciesla J, Jaffe AB, Ketring R, Maley F, Maley GF.#TITLE:Chromosomal location and structural organization of the human deoxycytidylate deaminase gene.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7642519# AUTHORS:Weiner KX, Weiner RS, Maley F, Maley GF.#TITLE:Primary structure of human deoxycytidylate deaminase and overexpression of its functional protein in Escherichia coli.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:7685356# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1635.1)
name: dCMP deaminase
reversible: true
reactant: 672746
reactant: 672734
fast: false
type: Reaction

656300
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749567
type: SpeciesReference

672783
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721
type: SpeciesReference

533882
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

576936
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745524
type: SpeciesReference

755647
reactant: 654506
product: 654518
reversible: false
name: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (CDP)
product: 654530
notes: Abbreviation: R_RNDR3 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.17.4.1 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : cdp + trdrd --> dcdp + h2o + trdox Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_6241#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RRM2#ECNUMBERS:1.17.4.1# LOCUS:_6240#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RRM1#ECNUMBERS:1.7.14.1# proteins: NAME:ribonucleotide reductase #ABBREVIATION:Rrm12.1# citations: AUTHORS:Shao J, Zhou B, Zhu L, Qiu W, Yuan YC, Xi B, Yen Y.#TITLE: In vitro characterization of enzymatic properties and inhibition of the p53R2 subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase. #JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14729598# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6240.1 and 6241.1)
fast: false
reactant: 654494
product: 654542
type: Reaction

535391
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747451
type: SpeciesReference

540369
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

753415
name: ADPribose diphosphatase (mitochondrial)
fast: false
product: 601012
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 600987
reactant: 601000
product: 601036
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADPRDPm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.1.13 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [m] : adprib + h2o --> amp + (2) h + r5p Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_53343#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NUDT9# LOCUS:_53343#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NUDT9# LOCUS:_53343#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:NUDT9# proteins: NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 9 #ABBREVIATION:NudT9.2# NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 9 #ABBREVIATION:NudT9.1# NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 9 #ABBREVIATION:NudT9.3# citations: AUTHORS:Perraud AL, Shen B, Dunn CA, Rippe K, Smith MK, Bessman MJ, Stoddard BL, Scharenberg AM.#TITLE:NUDT9, a member of the Nudix hydrolase family, is an evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase.#JOURNAL: J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12427752# AUTHORS:Shen BW, Perraud AL, Scharenberg A, Stoddard BL.#TITLE:The crystal structure and mutational analysis of human NUDT9.#JOURNAL: J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12948489# AUTHORS:Kuhn FJ, Luckhoff A.#TITLE: Sites of the NUDT9-H domain critical for ADP-ribose activation of the cation channel TRPM2. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15347676# GENE ASSOCIATION: (53343.1) or (53343.3) or (53343.2)
product: 601024

754373
product: 624493
product: 624481
reactant: 624469
reactant: 624457
notes: Abbreviation: R_TAURt4_LPAREN_2_RPAREN_r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) na1[e] + taur[e] <==> (2) na1[c] + taur[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_6533#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A6# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, taurine), member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a6.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW#TITLE:Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12719981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6533.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: taurine transport (sodium symport) (2:1)
type: Reaction

745430
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S
type: Species

633291
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748349
type: SpeciesReference

533147
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746571
type: SpeciesReference

534522
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745902
type: SpeciesReference

748975
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Vitamin D2_C28H44O
type: Species

750603
product: 534486
reactant: 534474
notes: Abbreviation: R_O2tp Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: o2[c] <==> o2[x] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: O2 transport, peroxisomal
type: Reaction

747629
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: ((N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)2-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl)-L-asparagine (protein)_C50H83N4O35X
type: Species

667466
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

747201
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: de-Fuc, reducing GlcNAc removed, de-Sia form of PA6 (w/o peptide linkage)_C54H91N3O41
type: Species

677266
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

647164
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

595267
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

529986
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746935
type: SpeciesReference

612013
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

753301
notes: Abbreviation: R_MI134PK Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.7.1.134 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + mi134p --> adp + h + mi1346p Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF, Moor RM, Pollock WK, Smith PM, Wreggett KA#TITLE:Inositol phosphates: proliferation, metabolism and function#JOURNAL:Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:2906139# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 598448
product: 598460
product: 598472
fast: false
type: Reaction
name: inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 6-kinase
reversible: false
product: 598484
reactant: 598436

745146
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Betaine aldehyde_C5H12NO
type: Species

555455
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748615
type: SpeciesReference

529107
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744658
type: SpeciesReference

754269
product: 621556
type: Reaction
product: 621580
reactant: 621544
name: UDP-D-glucuronate:galactosylgalactosylxylose glucuronosyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
fast: false
product: 621568
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCATg Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.4.1.135 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : l2xser + udpglcur --> cs,hs_linkage + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_26229#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GAT3# LOCUS:_27087#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GAT1# LOCUS:_135152#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GAT2# LOCUS:_27087#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GAT1# proteins: NAME:beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2 (glucuronosyltransferase S), Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gat2.1-g# NAME: beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 3 (glucuronosyltransferase I), Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gat3.1-g# NAME:beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P), Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gat.1-g# NAME:beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P), Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gat1.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Silbert JE, Sugumaran G#TITLE:Biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512856# AUTHORS:Marcos I, Galan JJ, Borrego S, Antinolo G#TITLE:Cloning, characterization, and chromosome mapping of the human GlcAT-S gene#JOURNAL:J Hum Genet#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12522689# AUTHORS:Kitagawa H, Tone Y, Tamura J, Neumann KW, Ogawa T, Oka S, Kawasaki T, Sugahara K#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of glucuronyltransferase I involved in the biosynthesis of the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region of proteoglycans#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9506957# AUTHORS:Mitsumoto Y, Oka S, Sakuma H, Inazawa J, Kawasaki T#TITLE:Cloning and chromosomal mapping of human glucuronyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10783264# GENE ASSOCIATION: (27087.2) or (135152.1) or (27087.1) or (26229.1)
reactant: 621531
reversible: false

745140
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: beta-Aminopropion aldehyde_C3H8NO
type: Species

546719
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747509
type: SpeciesReference

592388
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745942
type: SpeciesReference

677362
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486
type: SpeciesReference

645637
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

747733
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nicotinate D-ribonucleoside_C11H13NO6
type: Species

690668
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746419
type: SpeciesReference

651201
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746683
type: SpeciesReference

522574
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747791
type: SpeciesReference

529540
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745876
type: SpeciesReference

756878
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTPP10 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.1.19 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : ditp + h2o --> dimp + h + ppi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_3704#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ITPA#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.19# LOCUS:_3704#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ITPA#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.19# proteins: NAME:inosine triphosphatase (nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase) #ABBREVIATION:ItpA.1# NAME:inosine triphosphatase (nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase) #ABBREVIATION:ItpA.2# citations: AUTHORS:Lin S, McLennan AG, Ying K, Wang Z, Gu S, Jin H, Wu C, Liu W, Yuan Y, Tang R, Xie Y, Mao Y. #TITLE:Cloning, expression, and characterization of a human inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase encoded by the itpa gene. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11278832# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3704.1) or (3704.2)
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 683407
reversible: false
name: Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphorylase (ditp)
product: 683431
reactant: 683395
reactant: 683383
product: 683419

571080
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

599680
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746421
type: SpeciesReference

745432
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S
type: Species

607434
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

616922
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749453
type: SpeciesReference

603522
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744352
type: SpeciesReference

755649
type: Reaction
reactant: 654578
product: 654590
reactant: 654566
product: 654602
reversible: true
fast: false
reactant: 654554
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSD11B2r Synonyms: _4 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : cortsn + h + nadh <==> crtsl + nad Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3291#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD11B2# proteins: NAME:hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2#ABBREVIATION:Hsd11b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yau JL, Seckl JR.#TITLE:_11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I in the brain; thickening the glucocorticoid soup.#JOURNAL:Mol Psychiatry#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11673786# AUTHORS:Albiston AL, Obeyesekere VR, Smith RE, Krozowski ZS.#TITLE:Cloning and tissue distribution of the human 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme.#JOURNAL:Mol Cell Endocrinol#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7859916# AUTHORS:Tomlinson JW, Walker EA, Bujalska IJ, Draper N, Lavery GG, Cooper MS, Hewison M, Stewart PM.#TITLE:_11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response.#JOURNAL:Endocr Rev#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15466942# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3291.1)
name: _11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2

600295
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

752731
product: 585036
product: 585024
reactant: 585011
reactant: 584999
notes: Abbreviation: R_TSULt4_3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (3) na1[e] + tsul[e] <==> (3) na1[c] + tsul[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6561#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC13A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporters), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc13a1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Lee A, Beck L, Markovich D#TITLE:The human renal sodium sulfate cotransporter (SLC13A1; hNaSi-1) cDNA and gene: organization, chromosomal localization, and functional characterization#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11161786# AUTHORS:Pajor AM#TITLE:Molecular properties of sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporters#JOURNAL:J Membr Biol#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10811962# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6561.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: thiosulfate transport via sodium symport
type: Reaction

577867
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745704
type: SpeciesReference

752945
product: 590153
product: 590141
reactant: 590129
notes: Abbreviation: R_GMAND Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.47 SUBSYSTEM: Fructose and Mannose Metabolism Equation: [c] : gdpmann --> gdpddman + h2o Confidence Level: 0 JLR genes: LOCUS:_2762#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GMDS#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.47# proteins: NAME:GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase#ABBREVIATION:Gmds.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (2762.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: GDP-D-mannose dehydratase
type: Reaction

613350
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749836
type: SpeciesReference

538882
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

747627
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Myristoyl-ACP (n-C14:0ACP)_C25H47N2O8PRS
type: Species

561678
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749347
type: SpeciesReference

754371
product: 624445
reactant: 624433
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_oagd3_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : oagd3_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _9-O-Acetylated GD3 (homo sapiens) exchange
type: Reaction

748977
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Vitamin D3_C27H44O
type: Species

624673
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

529649
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744348
type: SpeciesReference

750605
reversible: false
product: 534534
fast: false
reactant: 534498
product: 534546
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GNT38g Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : galside_hs + udpgal --> digalside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10331.1)
product: 534522
name: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus
reactant: 534510
type: Reaction

643093
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747367
type: SpeciesReference

688808
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746038
type: SpeciesReference

604655
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745808
type: SpeciesReference

553836
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744178
type: SpeciesReference

670171
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

745142
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: cis-beta-D-Glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate_C15H18O8
type: Species

591796
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746949
type: SpeciesReference

623865
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

747731
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Ammonium_H4N
type: Species

686382
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748617
type: SpeciesReference

634064
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

594405
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408
type: SpeciesReference

568209
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744798
type: SpeciesReference

639278
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745644
type: SpeciesReference

594914
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747055
type: SpeciesReference

745434
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S
type: Species

753419
reversible: false
reactant: 601085
product: 601121
type: Reaction
product: 601097
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCNACT5g Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : hs_pre8 + uacgam --> h + hs_pre9 + udp Confidence Level: 4 EC 2.4.1.224 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2131#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXT1# LOCUS:_2132#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_2137#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXTL3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_2134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXTL1# LOCUS:_2132#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:EXT2# proteins: NAME:exotoses (multiple), Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Ext12.1-g# NAME:exotoses (multiple), Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Ext12.2-g# NAME:exostoses (multiple)-like 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Extl1.1-g# NAME:exostoses (multiple)-like 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Extl3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Saito T, Seki N, Yamauchi M, Tsuji S, Hayashi A, Kozuma S, Hori T#TITLE:Structure, chromosomal location, and expression profile of EXTR1 and EXTR2, new members of the multiple exostoses gene family#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9473480# AUTHORS:Sugahara K, Kitagawa H#TITLE:Heparin and heparan sulfate biosynthesis#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512855# AUTHORS:Kim BT, Kitagawa H, Tamura J, Saito T, Kusche-Gullberg M, Lindahl U, Sugahara K#TITLE:Human tumor suppressor EXT gene family members EXTL1 and EXTL3 encode alpha 1,4- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases that likely are involved in heparan sulfate/ heparin biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11390981# AUTHORS:Van Hul W, Wuyts W, Hendrickx J, Speleman F, Wauters J, De Boulle K, Van Roy N, Bossuyt P, Willems PJ#TITLE:Identification of a third EXT-like gene (EXTL3) belonging to the EXT gene family#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9479495# AUTHORS:McCormick C, Duncan G, Goutsos KT, Tufaro F#TITLE:The putative tumor suppressors EXT1 and EXT2 form a stable complex that accumulates in the Golgi apparatus and catalyzes the synthesis of heparan sulfate#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10639137# AUTHORS:Kob…
reactant: 601073
name: alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II
product: 601109

746098
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boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _8,9 epxoy aflatoxin B1_C17H12O7
type: Species

752943
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 590105
reactant: 590069
product: 590117
notes: Abbreviation: R_RETH1e Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [e] : 9-cis-retfa + h2o --> Rtotal2 + h + retinol-9-cis Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 590081
product: 590093
reversible: false
name: retinyl ester hydrolase (9-cis), extracellular

685564
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744432
type: SpeciesReference

622070
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748339
type: SpeciesReference

668843
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species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

522258
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species: 747189
type: SpeciesReference

532058
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745484
type: SpeciesReference

557619
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species: 748815
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 744824
type: SpeciesReference

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constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Vitamin D3_C27H44O
type: Species

548071
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species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

747625
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Methylglyoxal_C3H4O2
type: Species

602441
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species: 744938
type: SpeciesReference

580439
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743946
type: SpeciesReference

750607
fast: false
reactant: 534583
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC183806x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome Equation: [x] : (5) coa + (5) h2o + lnlncgcoa + (5) nad + (2) o2 --> (5) accoa + (5) h + (2) h2o2 + (5) nadh + occoa Confidence Level: 4 _5 rounds of beta ox, 3 degrees loss of saturation -> only 2 fad oxidized to fadh2 - in peroxisome, no fad, 1ste set of beta-ox is by acyl-coa oxidase (passes electrons directly to o2 -> h2o2) peroxisomal (very long chain FA) c18:3,n-6 -> c8:0, 4 step FAO lumped for 2 rounds also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# LOCUS:_1962#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EHHADH#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17.1.1.1.# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal beta-oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.2-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.2-x# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (3295.1 and 30.1 and 51.2) or (30.1 and 51.2 and 1962.1) or (51.1 and 3295.1 and 30.1) or (51.1 and 30.1 and 1962.1)
product: 534667
product: 534631
product: 534655
reactant: 534571
reactant: 534607
reactant: 534558
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
product: 534643
type: Reaction
reactant: 534595
product: 534619

652708
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species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

660060
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748731
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species: 746190
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 749207
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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746659
type: SpeciesReference

549025
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species: 747339
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species: 744818
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species: 749629
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species: 748137
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species: 746016
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 747895
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species: 747617
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

745436
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boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: cocaine_C17H21NO4
type: Species

757293
product: 693667
product: 693655
reactant: 693643
reactant: 693631
notes: Abbreviation: R_CRNtuNa Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: crn[e] + na1[e] --> crn[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_6584#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Koepsell H, Endou H#TITLE:The SLC22 drug transporter family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12883891# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6584.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-carnitine inward transport by Na+ symport
type: Reaction

660170
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

560905
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 744626
type: SpeciesReference

557789
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748537
type: SpeciesReference

677470
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747755
type: SpeciesReference

575424
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748697
type: SpeciesReference

756570
product: 676278
reactant: 676266
notes: Abbreviation: R_APNNOXte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: apnnox[e] <==> apnnox[c] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism, xenobiotic transport (original and metabolized) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport
type: Reaction

522683
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748601
type: SpeciesReference

539353
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

754261
product: 621375
reactant: 621363
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ach_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ach <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Acetylcholine exchange
type: Reaction

523638
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438
type: SpeciesReference

755609
reactant: 653636
notes: Abbreviation: R_NAGA2ly Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.2.1.49 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : Tn_antigen + h + udp --> Ser/Thr + udpacgal Confidence Level: 4 Alpha-galactosidase B NJ genes: LOCUS:_4668#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NAGA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.49# proteins: NAME:N-acetylgalactosaminidase, alpha-, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Naga.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Wang AM, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ.#TITLE:Human alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase-molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a full-length cDNA. Homology with human alpha-galactosidase A suggests evolution from a common ancestral gene. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2174888# AUTHORS:Tsuji S, Yamauchi T, Hiraiwa M, Isobe T, Okuyama T, Sakimura K, Takahashi Y, Nishizawa M, Uda Y, Miyatake T.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA for human alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (alpha-galactosidase B)#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2551294# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4668.1)
reversible: false
fast: false
reactant: 653611
product: 653648
product: 653660
type: Reaction
reactant: 653623
name: N-acetylgalactosaminidase, alpha-

748867
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2
type: Species

755059
product: 640904
reactant: 640892
notes: Abbreviation: R_DITPtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: ditp[c] <==> ditp[n] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dITP nuclear transport
type: Reaction

756426
notes: Abbreviation: R_TDPDRR Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 1.1.1.133 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism Equation: [c] : dtdp4d6dm + h + nadph --> dtdprmn + nadp Confidence Level: 1 JLR genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Tonetti M, Sturla L, Bisso A, Zanardi D, Benatti U, De Flora A#TITLE:The metabolism of 6-deoxyhexoses in bacterial and animal cells#JOURNAL:Biochimie#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9893952# GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase
reactant: 672880
product: 672892
reversible: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 672856
reactant: 672868
product: 672904
fast: false

752949
fast: false
product: 590285
product: 590273
reactant: 590249
product: 590261
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 590225
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase (tetradecanoate)
reactant: 590237
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL140i Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + ttdca --> amp + ppi + tdcoa Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (2181.1)

552171
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

641949
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745690
type: SpeciesReference

667358
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745174
type: SpeciesReference

607326
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748455
type: SpeciesReference

747737
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Nicotinate D-ribonucleotide_C11H12NO9P
type: Species

688916
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

553279
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

658530
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

587957
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748079
type: SpeciesReference

752889
fast: false
reactant: 588729
reversible: false
reactant: 588741
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLNALANaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ala-L[c] + gln-L[e] + na1[e] --> ala-L[e] + gln-L[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6510.1)
product: 588766
type: Reaction
reactant: 588754
product: 588778
name: L-alanine/L-glutamine Na-dependent exchange (Gln-L in)
product: 588790

755757
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI45PLC Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 3.1.4.11 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + pail45p_hs --> dag_hs + h + mi145p Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5335#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCG1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.4.11# LOCUS:_5331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCB3# LOCUS:_23236#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCB1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.4.11# LOCUS:_5330#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCB2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.4.11# LOCUS:_5333#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCD1# LOCUS:_5332#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCB4# LOCUS:_5336#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCG2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.4.3# LOCUS:_89869#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCZ1# LOCUS:_257068#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCXD2# LOCUS:_5334#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCL1# LOCUS:_5332#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PLCB4# LOCUS:_84812#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCD4# LOCUS:_23007#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCL3# LOCUS:_51196#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCE1# LOCUS:_23236#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PLCB1# LOCUS:_113026#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCD3# LOCUS:_5335#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PLCG1# LOCUS:_9651#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLCL4# proteins: NAME:phospholipase C, delta 4#ABBREVIATION:Plcd4.1# NAME:phospholipase C, delta 1#ABBREVIATION:Plcd1.1# NAME:phospholipase C-like 3#ABBREVIATION:Plcl3.1# NAME:phospholipase C, epsilon 1#ABBREVIATION:Plce1.1# NAME:phospholipase C, gamma 2 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)#ABBREVIATION:Plcg2.1# NAME:phospholipase C, beta 4#ABBREVIATION:Plcb4.1# NAME:phospholipase C, beta 4#ABBREVIATION:Plcb4.2# NAME:phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific)#ABBREVIATION:Plcb1.1# NAME:phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific)#ABBREVIATION:Plcb1.2# NAME:phospholipase C, zeta 1#ABBREVIATION:Plcz1.1# NAME:phospholipase C, delta 3#ABBREVIATION:Plcd3.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, X domain containing 2 #ABBREVIATION:Plcxd2.1# NAME:phospholipase C, beta 3 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)#ABBREVIATION:Plcb3.1# NAME:phospholipase C, gamma 1#ABBREVIATION:Plcg1.1# NAME:phospholipase C…
product: 657150
name: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phospholipase C
product: 657138
reversible: false
reactant: 657114
product: 657126
fast: false
reactant: 657102
type: Reaction

604546
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747467
type: SpeciesReference

553945
stoichiometry: 9.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

613242
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981
type: SpeciesReference

749571
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Oxidized glutathione_C20H30N6O12S2
type: Species

529758
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748357
type: SpeciesReference

746519
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GQ1b (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO
type: Species

624782
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748499
type: SpeciesReference

745588
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), degradation product 4_C31H46NO38S4
type: Species

639166
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746380
type: SpeciesReference

696739
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745664
type: SpeciesReference

754263
name: fucosyltransferase 3 (galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase, Lewis blood group included) 1
product: 621423
product: 621411
fast: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 621399
product: 621435
reversible: false
reactant: 621387
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT31g Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 2.4.1.65 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : galacglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fuc14galacglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2525#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.65# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 3 (galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase, Lewis blood group)#ABBREVIATION:Fut3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Cakir B, Pankow JS, Salomaa V, Couper D, Morris TL, Brantley KR, Hiller KM, Heiss G, Weston BW.#TITLE:Distribution of Lewis (FUT3)genotype and allele: frequencies in a biethnic United States population.#JOURNAL:Ann Hematol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12424536# AUTHORS:Sousa VL, Brito C, Costa T, Lanoix J, Nilsson T, Costa J.#TITLE:Importance of Cys, Gln, and Tyr from the transmembrane domain of human alpha 3/4 fucosyltransferase III for its localization and sorting in the Golgi of baby hamster kidney cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12493760# AUTHORS:Kukowska-Latallo JF, Larsen RD, Nair RP, Lowe JB.#TITLE:A cloned human cDNA determines expression of a mouse stage-specific embryonic antigen and the Lewis blood group alpha(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferase.#JOURNAL:Genes Dev#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1977660# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2525.1)

546827
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744658
type: SpeciesReference

747623
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Methylglyoxal_C3H4O2
type: Species

689482
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748879
type: SpeciesReference

633798
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746233
type: SpeciesReference

671686
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748095
type: SpeciesReference

561787
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

634329
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

645529
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

619613
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748081
type: SpeciesReference

603063
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744024
type: SpeciesReference

745438
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Core 2_C22H37N2O15X
type: Species

752947
reversible: false
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTDK1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : atp + cytd --> adp + cmp + h Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_7371#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UCK2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.*# LOCUS:_83549#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UCK1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.48# proteins: NAME:uridine-cytidine kinase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Uck2.1# NAME:uridine-cytidine kinase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Uck1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kashuba E, Kashuba V, Sandalova T, Klein G, Szekely L#TITLE:Epstein-Barr virus encoded nuclear protein EBNA-3 binds a novel human uridine kinase/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase. #JOURNAL:BMC Cell Biol.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12199906# AUTHORS:Ozaki K, Kuroki T, Hayashi S, Nakamura Y.#TITLE:Isolation of three testis-specific genes (TSA303, TSA806, TSA903) by a differential mRNA display method. #JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8812458# AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Norda A, Linden K, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine nucleoside analogs by two human uridine-cytidine kinases.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11306702# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7371.1) or (83549.1)
reactant: 590165
reactant: 590177
product: 590189
fast: false
product: 590201
name: cytidine kinase (ATP)
product: 590213

639914
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747699
type: SpeciesReference

576777
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744292
type: SpeciesReference

586579
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

564497
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746437
type: SpeciesReference

756572
product: 676302
reactant: 676290
notes: Abbreviation: R_TYRASE Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.14.18 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : 56dihindlcrbxlt --> melanin Confidence Level: 2 SAB This reaction is probably supposed to be a polymerization, but the details are not known. genes: LOCUS:_7306#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TYRP1# proteins: NAME:tyrosinase-related protein 1#ABBREVIATION:Tyrp1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Box NF, Wyeth JR, Mayne CJ, O'Gorman LE, Martin NG, Sturm RA#TITLE:Complete sequence and polymorphism study of the human TYRP1 gene encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1#JOURNAL:Mamm Genome#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9434945# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7306.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Tyrosinase
type: Reaction

673182
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745492
type: SpeciesReference

757291
product: 693619
product: 693607
reactant: 693595
reactant: 693583
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt5m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: datp[c] + dtdp[m] --> datp[m] + dtdp[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dATP transport via dTDP antiport
type: Reaction

690557
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747237
type: SpeciesReference

748869
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2
type: Species

693908
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745424
type: SpeciesReference

542190
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745292
type: SpeciesReference

668735
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

747735
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nicotinate D-ribonucleotide_C11H12NO9P
type: Species

659337
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

655192
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744396
type: SpeciesReference

628106
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

660750
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396
type: SpeciesReference

756428
product: 672929
reactant: 672917
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2Otly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: h2o[c] <==> h2o[l] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: H2O transport, lysosomal
type: Reaction

587397
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

752887
product: 588717
reversible: false
fast: false
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT35g Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 2.4.1.65 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : galfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fucgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2525#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.65# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 3 (galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase, Lewis blood group)#ABBREVIATION:Fut3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Cakir B, Pankow JS, Salomaa V, Couper D, Morris TL, Brantley KR, Hiller KM, Heiss G, Weston BW.#TITLE:Distribution of Lewis (FUT3)genotype and allele: frequencies in a biethnic United States population.#JOURNAL:Ann Hematol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12424536# AUTHORS:Sousa VL, Brito C, Costa T, Lanoix J, Nilsson T, Costa J.#TITLE:Importance of Cys, Gln, and Tyr from the transmembrane domain of human alpha 3/4 fucosyltransferase III for its localization and sorting in the Golgi of baby hamster kidney cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12493760# AUTHORS:Kukowska-Latallo JF, Larsen RD, Nair RP, Lowe JB.#TITLE:A cloned human cDNA determines expression of a mouse stage-specific embryonic antigen and the Lewis blood group alpha(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferase.#JOURNAL:Genes Dev#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1977660# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2525.1)
reactant: 588680
product: 588693
reactant: 588668
product: 588705
name: fucosyltransferase 3 (galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase, Lewis blood group included) 1

755759
product: 657175
reactant: 657163
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dopasf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dopasf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Dopamine 3-O-sulfate exchange
type: Reaction

524802
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

749573
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Reduced glutathione_C10H16N3O6S
type: Species

612243
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486
type: SpeciesReference

659494
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745998
type: SpeciesReference

746517
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GQ1b (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO
type: Species

753309
product: 598629
reactant: 598617
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACGBGBSIDEtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: acgbgbside_hs[c] <==> acgbgbside_hs[l] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - however must get to other intracellular compartments (e.g. lysosome for degradation) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Perry RJ, Ridgway ND.#TITLE:Molecular mechanisms and regulation of ceramide transport.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15907394# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acgbgbside_hs intracellular transport
type: Reaction

522149
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

621666
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747707
type: SpeciesReference

747621
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Malonate semialdehyde_C3H3O3
type: Species

553123
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746468
type: SpeciesReference

756574
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTPP9 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.1.19 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : h2o + itp --> h + imp + ppi Confidence Level: 4 JLR; IT genes: LOCUS:_3704#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ITPA#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.19# LOCUS:_3704#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ITPA#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.19# proteins: NAME:inosine triphosphatase (nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase) #ABBREVIATION:ItpA.1# NAME:inosine triphosphatase (nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase) #ABBREVIATION:ItpA.2# citations: AUTHORS:Lin S, McLennan AG, Ying K, Wang Z, Gu S, Jin H, Wu C, Liu W, Yuan Y, Tang R, Xie Y, Mao Y. #TITLE:Cloning, expression, and characterization of a human inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase encoded by the itpa gene. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11278832# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3704.1) or (3704.2)
product: 676338
reactant: 676326
reactant: 676314
product: 676350
name: Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphorylase (itp)
type: Reaction
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 676362

583270
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

677698
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745392
type: SpeciesReference

539245
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746243
type: SpeciesReference

590081
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609
type: SpeciesReference

620421
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745544
type: SpeciesReference

651638
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

580099
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

754379
product: 624625
product: 624613
reactant: 624601
reactant: 624589
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEX19ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.52 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg34 --> acgam + ksi_deg35 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexB-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3074.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1) or (3073.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

637630
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746605
type: SpeciesReference

569266
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747771
type: SpeciesReference

757297
reactant: 693776
product: 693800
fast: false
reactant: 693764
product: 693788
name: Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST6GALNAC28 Synonyms: _5 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : cmpacna + gq1c_hs --> cmp + gp1c_hs + h Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10610#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT7B#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.7# proteins: NAME:ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:St6galnac2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10610.1)
reversible: false
product: 693812

753413
product: 600975
reactant: 600963
notes: Abbreviation: R_DM_sTn_antigen_LPAREN_g_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [g] : sTn_antigen --> Confidence Level: NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: DM_sTn_antigen(g)
type: Reaction

650682
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

658650
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

597242
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

576825
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745850
type: SpeciesReference

677782
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

543290
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745154
type: SpeciesReference

596429
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747353
type: SpeciesReference

747313
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: linoleic acid (all cis C18:2) n-6_C18H31O2
type: Species

570413
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747513
type: SpeciesReference

522368
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744494
type: SpeciesReference

749577
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Guanine_C5H5N5O
type: Species

559299
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

748863
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2
type: Species

580511
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

756422
product: 672807
reactant: 672795
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_5mthf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 5mthf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5-Methyltetrahydrofolate exchange
type: Reaction

646226
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745638
type: SpeciesReference

755605
product: 653575
reactant: 653563
notes: Abbreviation: R_CERT2rt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: gluside_hs[c] <==> gluside_hs[r] Confidence Level: 2 non-vesicular intracellular transport of glucocerebroside genes: LOCUS:_10087#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COL4A3BP# proteins: NAME:collagen, type IV, alpha 3 (Goodpasture antigen) binding protein#ABBREVIATION:Col4a3bp.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kumagai K, Yasuda S, Okemoto K, Nishijima M, Kobayashi S, Hanada K.#TITLE:CERT mediates intermembrane transfer of various molecular species of ceramides.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15596449# AUTHORS:Hanada K, Kumagai K, Yasuda S, Miura Y, Kawano M, Fukasawa M, Nishijima M.#TITLE:Molecular machinery for non-vesicular trafficking of ceramide.#JOURNAL:Nature#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14685229# AUTHORS:Perry RJ, Ridgway ND.#TITLE:Molecular mechanisms and regulation of ceramide transport.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15907394# AUTHORS:van Meer G, Wolthoorn J, Degroote S.#TITLE:The fate and function of glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide.#JOURNAL:Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12803919# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10087.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: ceramide transport protein
type: Reaction

753307
product: 598604
product: 598592
reactant: 598580
reactant: 598568
notes: Abbreviation: R_LNLCCPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + lnlccoa --> coa + lnlccrn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.3) or (1375.4) or (126129.1) or (1374.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
type: Reaction

528048
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

755753
type: Reaction
reactant: 656982
product: 657006
notes: Abbreviation: R_FTHFL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.4.3 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + for + thf <==> 10fthf + adp + pi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_4522#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTHFD1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.5,3.5.4.9,6.3.4.3# LOCUS:_286297#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LOC286297# proteins: NAME:methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase#ABBREVIATION:Mthfd1.1# NAME:hypothetical protein LOC286297#ABBREVIATION:Loc286297.1# citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4522.1) or (286297.1)
fast: false
name: formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase
reactant: 656970
product: 656994
reactant: 656958
reversible: true
product: 657018

754267
reactant: 621471
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADNK1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.20 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [m] : adn + atp --> adp + amp + h Confidence Level: 1 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 621483
type: Reaction
reversible: false
name: adenosine kinase, mitochondrial
product: 621519
product: 621495
fast: false
product: 621507

745584
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), degradation product 2_C45H66N2O49S4
type: Species

595475
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916
type: SpeciesReference

642530
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

657163
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746018
type: SpeciesReference

539777
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744156
type: SpeciesReference

749575
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GTP_C10H12N5O14P3
type: Species

746515
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GQ1b (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO
type: Species

752885
product: 588656
reactant: 588644
notes: Abbreviation: R_SLDt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: sl-L[c] --> sl-L[e] Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Rein U, Gueta R, Denger K, Ruff J, Hollemeyer K, Cook AM.#TITLE:Dissimilation of cysteate via 3-sulfolactate sulfo-lyase and a sulfate exporter in Paracoccus pantotrophus NKNCYSA.#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15758220# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-sulfolactate transport (cytosol to extracellular)
type: Reaction

535283
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744556
type: SpeciesReference

608097
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

746671
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hexadecenoyl carnitine_C23H43NO4
type: Species

757299
product: 693836
reactant: 693824
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_na1_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : na1 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Sodium exchange
type: Reaction

614725
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748951
type: SpeciesReference

756576
product: 676386
reactant: 676374
notes: Abbreviation: R_CLPNDCOAtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: clpndcoa[c] <==> clpndcoa[x] Confidence Level: 2 interaction between peroxisomes and ER (some enzymes on the outer membrane) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Sprecher H#TITLE:An update on the pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism#JOURNAL:Curr Opn in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid intracellular transport
type: Reaction

621519
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

613796
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

518987
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747979
type: SpeciesReference

687275
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748583
type: SpeciesReference

757295
product: 693728
reactant: 693692
name: Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase
notes: Abbreviation: R_P45011B11m Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 1.14.15.4 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [m] : 11docrtstrn + h + nadph + o2 --> crtstrn + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 Payne and Hales (2004) Mol Bio of Steroidogenic Enzymes 25(6):947-970 H2O added for balancing NJ genes: LOCUS:_1584#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP11B1#ECNUMBERS:1.14.15.4# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1#ABBREVIATION:Cyp11b1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Payne AH, Hales DB#TITLE:Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones#JOURNAL:Endocrine Reviews#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1584.1)
reactant: 693716
product: 693752
fast: false
product: 693740
reactant: 693680
reversible: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 693704

623829
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

624106
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746409
type: SpeciesReference

754377
product: 624577
product: 624565
reactant: 624553
reactant: 624541
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt13m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: atp[m] + dadp[c] --> atp[c] + dadp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dADP transport via ATP antiport
type: Reaction

637039
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

529878
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748273
type: SpeciesReference

753411
name: Deoxycytidine kinase, nuclear (ATP)
product: 600939
reactant: 600902
product: 600951
type: Reaction
product: 600926
fast: false
reactant: 600914
notes: Abbreviation: R_DCK1n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.74 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : atp + dcyt <==> adp + dcmp + h Confidence Level: 4 IT (2.7.1.74) genes: LOCUS:_1633#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DCK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.74# proteins: NAME:deoxycytidine kinase #ABBREVIATION:Dck.1# citations: AUTHORS:Turk B, Awad R, Usova EV, Bjork I, Eriksson S. #TITLE:A pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of substrate binding to human recombinant deoxycytidine kinase: a model for nucleoside kinase action. #JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10387103# AUTHORS:Johansson M, Brismar S, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Human deoxycytidine kinase is located in the cell nucleus.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9342341# AUTHORS:Krawiec K, Kierdaszuk B, Shugar D.#TITLE:Inorganic tripolyphosphate (PPP(i)) as a phosphate donor for human deoxyribonucleoside kinases. #JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12535661# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1633.1)
reversible: true

642747
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748145
type: SpeciesReference

681309
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746370
type: SpeciesReference

749579
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Hydrogen peroxide_H2O2
type: Species

747739
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Nicotinate D-ribonucleotide_C11H12NO9P
type: Species

519915
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

747311
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: linoleic acid ACP (all cis)_C29H51N2O8PRS
type: Species

583693
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746329
type: SpeciesReference

756424
product: 672844
reactant: 672832
reactant: 672819
notes: Abbreviation: R_MALT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.2.1.20 SUBSYSTEM: Starch and Sucrose Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + malt --> (2) glc-D Confidence Level: 4 IF genes: LOCUS:_2595#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GANC#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.20# proteins: NAME:alpha glucosidase; neutral C#ABBREVIATION:Ganc.1# citations: AUTHORS:Hirschhorn R, Huie ML, Kasper JS#TITLE:Computer assisted cloning of human neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC): a new paralog in the glycosyl hydrolase gene family 31#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12370436# AUTHORS:Martiniuk F, Hirschhorn R#TITLE:Characterization of neutral isozymes of human alpha-glucosidase: differences in substrate specificity, molecular weight and electrophoretic mobility#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7018580# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2595.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-glucosidase
type: Reaction

680790
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744014
type: SpeciesReference

565402
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

755607
product: 653599
reactant: 653587
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLGLCP_Uter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: (0.1) dolglcp_U[c] --> (0.1) dolglcp_U[r] Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Helenius J, Aebi M.#TITLE:Transmembrane movement of dolichol linked carbohydrates during N-glycoprotein biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum#JOURNAL:Semin Cell Dev Biol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12137737# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate flippase (uterus)
type: Reaction

748865
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: UDP_C9H11N2O12P2
type: Species

694690
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species: 747343
type: SpeciesReference

590671
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species: 746438
type: SpeciesReference

754265
product: 621459
reactant: 621447
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_atp_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : atp <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: ATP exchange
type: Reaction

745586
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), degradation product 3_C37H53NO44S4
type: Species

753305
product: 598556
reactant: 598544
notes: Abbreviation: R_NADtru Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: nad[r] --> nad[c] Confidence Level: 1 diffusion - but unidirectional output from ER (to avoid loops w/ NAD/NADP) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: NAD transporter, endoplasmic reticulum
type: Reaction

752883
product: 588632
product: 588620
reactant: 588608
reactant: 588596
notes: Abbreviation: R_2AMACHYD Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [c] : 2amac + h2o --> nh4 + pyr Confidence Level: 4 SAB see PMID 500639: this reaction is spontaneous genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Gavaret JM, Cahnmann HJ, Nunez J#TITLE:The fate of the "lost side chain" during thyroid hormonogenesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:500639# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _2-Aminoacrylate hydrolysis
type: Reaction

755755
reversible: false
reactant: 657030
product: 657066
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_SCP3x Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [x] : coa + dhcholestancoa + o2 --> dcholcoa + h2o + ppcoa Confidence Level: 4 SCP has two transcripts, second isoform specific to peroxisomes, first is specific for cyt and mit need to double check stoichiometry - reaction cofactors (additional coa + release of prop coa) from BM (Roche) Biochemical Pathways version 3 analog added as per KEGG NJ genes: LOCUS:_6342#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SCP2# proteins: NAME:sterol carrier protein 2#ABBREVIATION:Scp2x.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yamamoto R, Kallen CB, Babalola GO, Rennert H, Billheimer JT, Strauss JF 3rd.#TITLE:Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding human sterol carrier protein 2.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1703300# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6342.1)
product: 657090
product: 657078
name: peroxisomal thiolase 2
reactant: 657054
reactant: 657042
type: Reaction

560615
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

681453
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species: 746279
type: SpeciesReference

746513
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has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) signal sequence (C-terminal peptide)_Y
type: Species

574056
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species: 746623
type: SpeciesReference

749351
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: Cholate_C24H39O5
type: Species

661433
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species: 748887
type: SpeciesReference

691254
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species: 745054
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 743888
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

586663
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species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

756720
product: 679919
product: 679907
reactant: 679894
reactant: 679882
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEX10ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.52 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + ksi_deg7 --> (2) acgam + ksi_deg8 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexB-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3074.1) or (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

534631
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

756578
reactant: 676422
product: 676458
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_RADH2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + nadp + retinal <==> (2) h + nadph + retn Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 676446
reactant: 676398
type: Reaction
name: retinal dehydrogenase (NADPH)
reactant: 676410
product: 676434
reversible: true

604123
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745690
type: SpeciesReference

533248
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

756712
type: Reaction
name: carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) (mitochondria
fast: false
product: 679725
product: 679713
reactant: 679665
reversible: false
product: 679737
product: 679701
reactant: 679689
reactant: 679677
notes: Abbreviation: R_CBPSam Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.4.16 SUBSYSTEM: Glutamate metabolism Equation: [m] : (2) atp + hco3 + nh4 --> (2) adp + cbp + (2) h + pi Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_1373#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPS1#ECNUMBERS:6.3.4.16# LOCUS:_1373#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPS1# proteins: NAME:carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Cps1.1-m# NAME:carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Cps1.2-m# citations: AUTHORS:Summar ML, Hall LD, Eeds AM, Hutcheson HB, Kuo AN, Willis AS, Rubio V, Arvin MK, Schofield JP, Dawson EP.#TITLE:Characterization of genomic structure and polymorphisms in the human carbamyl phosphate synthetase I gene.#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12853138# AUTHORS:Uriarte M, Marina A, Ramon-Maiques S, Fita I, Rubio V.#TITLE:The carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase of Pyrococcus furiosus is enzymologically and structurally a carbamate kinase.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10347186# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1373.1) or (1373.2)

681732
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748219
type: SpeciesReference

643189
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749375
type: SpeciesReference

601085
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855
type: SpeciesReference

577189
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747623
type: SpeciesReference

523096
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746450
type: SpeciesReference

645757
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748975
type: SpeciesReference

611085
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746871
type: SpeciesReference

755763
product: 657247
reactant: 657235
notes: Abbreviation: R_DHAAt1r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: dhdascb[e] <==> dhdascb[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6515#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC2A3# LOCUS:_6513#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC2A1# LOCUS:_6517#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC2A4# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1, plasma membrane#ABBREVIATION:Slc2a1.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 3, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc2a3.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc2a4.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Uldry M, Thorens B#TITLE:The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12750891# AUTHORS:Haber RS, Weinstein SP, O'Boyle E, Morgello S#TITLE:Tissue distribution of the human GLUT3 glucose transporte#JOURNAL:Endocrinology#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8504756# AUTHORS:Heijnen HF, Oorschot V, Sixma JJ, Slot JW, James DE#TITLE:Thrombin stimulates glucose transport in human platelets via the translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT-3 from alpha-granules to the cell surface#JOURNAL:J Cell Biol#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9230074# AUTHORS:Kayano T, Fukumoto H, Eddy RL, Fan YS, Byers MG, Shows TB, Bell GI#TITLE:Evidence for a family of human glucose transporter-like proteins. Sequence and gene localization of a protein expressed in fetal skeletal muscle and other tissues#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3170580# AUTHORS:Stuart CA, Wen G, Jiang J#TITLE:GLUT3 protein and mRNA in autopsy muscle specimens#JOURNAL:Metabolism#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10421229# AUTHORS:Fukumoto H, Kayano T, Buse JB, Edwards Y, Pilch PF, Bell GI, Seino S#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of the major insulin-responsive glucose transporter expressed in human skeletal muscle and other insulin-responsive tissues#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2656669#…
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dehydroascorbate transport (uniport)
type: Reaction

672312
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746404
type: SpeciesReference

639374
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744126
type: SpeciesReference

755051
product: 640686
type: Reaction
product: 640699
reactant: 640625
notes: Abbreviation: R_FPGS5 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.2.17 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [c] : 5dhf + atp + glu-L --> 6dhf + adp + h + pi Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_2356#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FPGS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.2.17# proteins: NAME:folylpolyglutamate synthase #ABBREVIATION:Fpgs.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:McGuire JJ, Russell CA, Balinska M.#TITLE:Human cytosolic and mitochondrial folylpolyglutamate synthetase are electrophoretically distinct. Expression in antifolate-sensitive and -resistant human cell lines.#JOURNAL: J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10777604# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2356.1)
fast: false
product: 640661
name: folylpolyglutamate synthetase (DHF)
reversible: false
product: 640673
reactant: 640637
reactant: 640649

669808
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749337
type: SpeciesReference

744950
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Aldosterone_C21H28O5
type: Species

660048
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species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

749343
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (E)-carveol_C10H16O
type: Species

607530
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species: 746621
type: SpeciesReference

598920
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748269
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

523842
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species: 747471
type: SpeciesReference

649391
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species: 744712
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745582
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), degradation product 1_C45H65N2O52S5
type: Species

586987
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

627624
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396
type: SpeciesReference

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constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: UDPgalactose_C15H22N2O17P2
type: Species

670159
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745472
type: SpeciesReference

654386
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744906
type: SpeciesReference

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type: SpeciesReference

563367
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type: SpeciesReference

672929
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species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

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constant: false
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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Oxalate_C2O4
type: Species

689325
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

565595
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species: 746897
type: SpeciesReference

744348
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _5-Amino-4-oxopentanoate_C5H9NO3
type: Species

655048
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748857
type: SpeciesReference

624818
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748493
type: SpeciesReference

573303
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species: 745114
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species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

556821
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748131
type: SpeciesReference

549389
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748893
type: SpeciesReference

746673
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Hexadecenoyl carnitine_C23H43NO4
type: Species

660617
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744670
type: SpeciesReference

756710
product: 679653
reactant: 679641
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_gd1c_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : gd1c_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: GD1c (homo sapiens) exchange
type: Reaction

634220
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744874
type: SpeciesReference

603293
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749069
type: SpeciesReference

638195
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748455
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species: 746062
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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745410
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596151
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species: 749089
type: SpeciesReference

755761
product: 657223
product: 657211
reactant: 657199
reactant: 657187
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGH_DASH_7DHFe Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [e] : 7dhf + h2o --> 6dhf + glu-L Confidence Level: 4 REMOVES EITHER ONE OR TWO GLUTAMYL RESIDUES WITH A REACTION (WILL ONLY REPRESENT 1) IT genes: LOCUS:_8836#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GGH#ECNUMBERS:3.4.19.9# proteins: NAME:gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase) #ABBREVIATION:Ggh.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# AUTHORS:Rhee MS, Lindau-Shepard B, Chave KJ, Galivan J, Ryan TJ.#TITLE:Characterization of human cellular gamma-glutamyl hydrolase.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9614206# AUTHORS:Chandler CJ, Wang TT, Halsted CH.#TITLE:Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from human jejunal brush borders. Purification and characterization. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1986#PUBMED:2867095# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8836.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (7DHF), extracellular
type: Reaction

676615
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

748883
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: UDPglucose_C15H22N2O17P2
type: Species

603810
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species: 748321
type: SpeciesReference

622166
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544510
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530967
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749341
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has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: beta-Carotene_C40H56
type: Species

657913
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species: 747707
type: SpeciesReference

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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), precursor 5_C45H65N2O48S4X
type: Species

529661
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species: 745410
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681840
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672204
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592727
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744346
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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: _5-Amino-4-oxopentanoate_C5H9NO3
type: Species

746675
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hexadecenoyl-CoA (n-C16:1CoA)_C37H60N7O17P3S
type: Species

691796
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species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 747027
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 747683
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species: 748093
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756716
product: 679809
product: 679797
reactant: 679785
reactant: 679773
notes: Abbreviation: R_G6PPer Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.9 SUBSYSTEM: Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Equation: [r] : g6p + h2o --> glc-D + pi Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2538#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:G6PC#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.9# LOCUS:_92579#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:G6PC3# LOCUS:_57818#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:G6PC2# proteins: NAME:glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic (glycogen storage disease type I, von Gierke disease), endoplasmic reticulum (liver, kidney, intestine)#ABBREVIATION:G6pc.1-r# NAME:glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic, 2, endoplasmic reticulum (pancreatic B islets)#ABBREVIATION:G6pc2.1-r# NAME:glucose 6 phosphatase, catalytic, 3, endoplasmic reticulum (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:G6pc3.1-r# citations: AUTHORS:Pan CJ, Lei KJ, Annabi B, Hemrika W, Chou JY#TITLE:Transmembrane topology of glucose-6-phosphatase.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9497333# AUTHORS:Nordlie, R.C. and Sukalski, K.A.#TITLE:The Enzymes of Biological Membranes#YEAR:1985# AUTHORS:Lei KJ, Shelly LL, Pan CJ, Sidbury JB, Chou JY#TITLE:Mutations in the glucose-6-phosphatase gene that cause glycogen storage disease type 1a#JOURNAL:Science#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8211187# AUTHORS:Shelly LL, Lei KJ, Pan CJ, Sakata SF, Ruppert S, Schutz G, Chou JY.#TITLE:Isolation of the gene for murine glucose-6-phosphatase, the enzyme deficient in glycogen storage disease type 1A#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8407995# AUTHORS:Shieh JJ, Pan CJ, Mansfield BC, Chou JY#TITLE:The islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase-related protein, implicated in diabetes, is a glycoprotein embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15044018# AUTHORS:Arden SD, Zahn T, Steegers S, Webb S, Bergman B, O'Brien RM, Hutton JC.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a pancreatic islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein.#JOURNAL:Diabetes#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10078553# AUTHORS:Martin CC, Bischof LJ, Bergman B, Hornbuckle LA, Hilliker C, Frigeri C, Wahl D, Svitek CA, Wong R, Goldman JK, Oes…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: glucose-6-phosphate phosphatase, edoplasmic reticular
type: Reaction

534401
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745188
type: SpeciesReference

598604
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747321
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
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species: 746609
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species: 743936
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 747703
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species: 746635
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species: 746002
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species: 746403
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species: 744256
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species: 745120
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species: 746438
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 746619
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species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 744092
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

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constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: UDPglucose_C15H22N2O17P2
type: Species

540489
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

744954
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: hydroxy alkyl chain_C2H5OFULLR
type: Species

525984
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746238
type: SpeciesReference

589346
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

755057
product: 640856
reactant: 640783
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 640844
name: Pantothenate sodium symporter II
reversible: false
product: 640868
reactant: 640796
reactant: 640820
reactant: 640808
notes: Abbreviation: R_PNTOt5 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: atp[c] + h2o[c] + (2) na1[e] + pnto-R[e] --> adp[c] + h[c] + (2) na1[c] + pi[c] + pnto-R[c] Confidence Level: 4 _01-25-05 based on Wang et al., JBC, 1999,1 274(21), 14875-14888. IT 03-07-05:replaced IT: now based on Balamurugan et al, 2005, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 288, F823-831,2005 genes: LOCUS:_8884#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SMVT#ECNUMBERS:TC,2.A.21.1.1# proteins: NAME:sodium-dependent vitamin transporter (biotin, pantothenate,lipoate) #ABBREVIATION:SmvT.1# citations: AUTHORS:Prasad PD, Wang H, Kekuda R, Fujita T, Fei YJ, Devoe LD, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V.#TITLE:Cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a mammalian sodium-dependent vitamin transporter mediating the uptake of pantothenate, biotin, and lipoate.#JOURNAL: J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9516450# AUTHORS:Balamurugan K, Ortiz A, Said HM.#TITLE:Biotin uptake by human intestinal and liver epithelial cells: role of the SMVT system.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12646417# AUTHORS:Prasad PD, Wang H, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Devoe LD, Ganapathy V.#TITLE:Molecular and functional characterization of the intestinal Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter. #JOURNAL:Arch Biochem Biophys.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10334869# AUTHORS:Wang H, Huang W, Fei YJ, Xia H, Yang-Feng TL, Leibach FH, Devoe LD, Ganapathy V, Prasad PD.#TITLE:Human placental Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter. Cloning, functional expression, gene structure, and chromosomal localization.#JOURNAL: J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10329687# AUTHORS:Balamurugan K, Vaziri ND, Said HM.#TITLE:Biotin uptake by human proximal tubular epithelial cells: Cellular and molecular aspects. #JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. #YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15561972# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8884.1)
product: 640880
product: 640832

749349
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boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Choline_C5H14NO
type: Species

609059
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species: 746627
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species: 746408
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691025
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species: 744786
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 749043
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species: 747827
type: SpeciesReference

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constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Hexadecenoyl-CoA (n-C16:1CoA)_C37H60N7O17P3S
type: Species

540381
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species: 747925
type: SpeciesReference

574263
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
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578095
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species: 744452
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species: 748355
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stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

756592
product: 676819
product: 676807
reactant: 676795
reactant: 676783
notes: Abbreviation: R_H7_APOS_TAer Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [r] : em2emgacpail_hs + pre_prot --> em2emgacpail_prot_hs + gpi_sig Confidence Level: 4 EC 2.6.-.- NCD genes: LOCUS:_10026#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGK# LOCUS:_8733#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GPAA1# LOCUS:_94005#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGS# LOCUS:_128869#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CDC91L1# LOCUS:_51604#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGT# proteins: NAME:GPAA1P anchor attachment protein 1 homolog (yeast), endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Gpaa1.1-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class K, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigk.1-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class S, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigs.1-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class T, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigt.1-r# NAME:CDC91 cell division cycle 91-like 1 (S. cerevisiae), endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Cdc91l1.1-r# citations: AUTHORS:Shishioh N, Hong Y, Ohishi K, Ashida H, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T#TITLE:GPI7 is the second partner of PIG-F and involved in modification of glycosylphosphatidylinositol#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15632136# AUTHORS:Hiroi Y, Komuro I, Chen R, Hosoda T, Mizuno T, Kudoh S, Georgescu SP, Medof ME, Yazaki Y#TITLE:Molecular cloning of human homolog of yeast GAA1 which is required for attachment of glycosylphosphatidylinositols to proteins#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9468317# AUTHORS:Yu J, Nagarajan S, Knez JJ, Udenfriend S, Chen R, Medof ME#TITLE:The affected gene underlying the class K glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) surface protein defect codes for the GPI transamidase#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9356492# AUTHORS:Meyer U, Benghezal M, Imhof I, Conzelmann A#TITLE:Active site determination of Gpi8p, a caspase-related enzyme required for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor addition to proteins#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10727241# AUTHORS:Ohishi K, Inoue N, Kinoshita T#TITLE:PIG-S and PI…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: H7' transamidase, endoplasmic reticulum
type: Reaction

587107
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746675
type: SpeciesReference

691170
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

634656
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743940
type: SpeciesReference

696185
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743926
type: SpeciesReference

756714
product: 679761
reactant: 679749
notes: Abbreviation: R_METtec Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: met-L[e] <==> met-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_124935#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A2# LOCUS:_8501#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bodoy S, Martin L, Zorzano A, Palacin M, Estevez R, Bertran J#TITLE:Identification of LAT4, a novel amino acid transporter with system L activity#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15659399# AUTHORS:Babu E, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Kim do K, Iribe Y, Tangtrongsup S, Jutabha P, Li Y, Ahmed N, Sakamoto S, Anzai N, Nagamori S, Endou H#TITLE:Identification of a novel system L amino acid transporter structurally distinct from heterodimeric amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12930836# AUTHORS:Hediger MA, Romero MF, Peng JB, Rolfs A, Takanaga H, Bruford EA#TITLE:The ABCs of solute carriers: physiological, pathological and therapeutic implications of human membrane transport proteinsIntroduction#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14624363# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8501.1) or (124935.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-methionine transport via diffusion (extracellular to cytosol)
type: Reaction

528253
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486
type: SpeciesReference

522962
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745000
type: SpeciesReference

567756
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745096
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746084
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745716
type: SpeciesReference

749345
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Calcitroic acid (D3)_C22H33O4
type: Species

744952
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Aldosterone_C21H28O5
type: Species

651406
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744798
type: SpeciesReference

755053
product: 640723
reactant: 640711
notes: Abbreviation: R_UDPACGALtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: udpacgal[c] <==> udpacgal[l] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - there are UDPACGAL-translocators for ER and Golgi, however no info on lysosomal - poor support for this NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: udpacgal intracellular transport
type: Reaction

569059
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

604219
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

692122
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

650477
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745394
type: SpeciesReference

563918
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744938
type: SpeciesReference

656641
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744972
type: SpeciesReference

633387
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746409
type: SpeciesReference

755055
product: 640771
product: 640759
reactant: 640747
reactant: 640735
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt23m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dgdp[m] + dtdp[c] --> dgdp[c] + dtdp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dTDP transport via dGTP antiport
type: Reaction

694462
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745806
type: SpeciesReference

564629
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

754281
product: 621912
reactant: 621900
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_thf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : thf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate exchange
type: Reaction

655878
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746476
type: SpeciesReference

628685
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619
type: SpeciesReference

749347
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Cys-Gly_C5H10N2O3S
type: Species

582755
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747341
type: SpeciesReference

658880
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746403
type: SpeciesReference

746679
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
type: Species

608375
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744684
type: SpeciesReference

629108
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745398
type: SpeciesReference

649307
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

756590
product: 676771
product: 676759
reactant: 676747
reactant: 676735
notes: Abbreviation: R_3HCO3_NAt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (3) hco3[e] + na1[e] <==> (3) hco3[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_8671#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A4# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 4, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a4.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.2-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.3-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.4-e# citations: AUTHORS:Romero MF, Fulton CM, Boron WF.#TITLE:The SLC4 family of HCO 3 - transporters.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14722772# GENE ASSOCIATION: (57835.3) or (8671.1) or (57835.2) or (57835.1) or (57835.4)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: bicarbonate transport (Na/HCO3 1:3 cotransport)
type: Reaction

680064
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748383
type: SpeciesReference

668144
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887
type: SpeciesReference

744958
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: lysophosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H6O5PFULLRCO2
type: Species

526408
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749005
type: SpeciesReference

540598
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

750198
product: 524646
reactant: 524634
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCFUCGALACGLCGALGLUSIDEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: fucfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[e] <==> fucfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

609890
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

564737
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

660303
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746450
type: SpeciesReference

595037
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748211
type: SpeciesReference

615401
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

619060
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

596741
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species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

677036
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type: SpeciesReference

539681
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species: 747395
type: SpeciesReference

641829
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type: SpeciesReference

544075
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species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

609167
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749201
type: SpeciesReference

534619
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 744658
type: SpeciesReference

532385
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

686032
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748589
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743890
type: SpeciesReference

744340
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone sulfate_C19H29O5S
type: Species

604002
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745326
type: SpeciesReference

662935
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744766
type: SpeciesReference

678736
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species: 747413
type: SpeciesReference

591469
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744354
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646372
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744028
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 746633
type: SpeciesReference

581801
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species: 747011
type: SpeciesReference

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type: SpeciesReference

755651
product: 654650
product: 654638
reactant: 654626
reactant: 654614
notes: Abbreviation: R_HGNTOR Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.13.11.5 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : hgentis + o2 --> 4mlacac + h Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3081#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HGD#ECNUMBERS:1.13.11.5# proteins: NAME:homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase#ABBREVIATION:Hgd.1# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3081.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Homogentisate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
type: Reaction

747901
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Orotidine 5'-phosphate_C10H10N2O11P
type: Species

540272
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744856
type: SpeciesReference

644130
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

556542
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

752733
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 585096
name: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
reactant: 585060
type: Reaction
product: 585072
notes: Abbreviation: R_AG13T7g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre9 + uacgam --> h + ksi_pre10 + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_11041#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT6# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_284208#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNTL1# LOCUS:_93010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT7# LOCUS:_79369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT4# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1#ABBREVIATION:B3gntl1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt4.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K#TITLE:Identification and characterization of three novel beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase …
product: 585084
reactant: 585048

672626
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747199
type: SpeciesReference

679616
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746280
type: SpeciesReference

756864
product: 683045
reactant: 683033
notes: Abbreviation: R_AVITE2t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: avite2[e] --> avite2[c] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-tocotrienol (Vit. E) transport
type: Reaction

600804
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746653
type: SpeciesReference

682805
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

533737
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744072
type: SpeciesReference

612394
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

652153
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species: 746621
type: SpeciesReference

656530
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

629218
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746211
type: SpeciesReference

744956
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: lysophosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H6O5PFULLRCO2
type: Species

619276
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746340
type: SpeciesReference

650586
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744938
type: SpeciesReference

750196
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_PAFH Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.1.1.47 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + paf_hs --> ac + ak2lgchol_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_5049#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PAFAH1B2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.1.47# LOCUS:_5048#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PAFAH1B1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.1.47# LOCUS:_5051#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PAFAH2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.1.47# LOCUS:_5050#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PAFAH1B3# proteins: NAME:platelet-activating factor aceylthydrolase, isoform 1b#ABBREVIATION:PAFAH1B.1# NAME:platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform 1b, beta-gamma#ABBREVIATION:Pafah1b12.1# NAME:platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 2#ABBREVIATION:Pafah2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Adachi H, Tsujimoto M, Hattori M, Arai H, Inoue K.#TITLE:cDNA cloning of human cytosolic platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gamma-subunit and its mRNA expression in human tissues.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7669037# AUTHORS:Hattori M, Adachi H, Tsujimoto M, Arai H, Inoue K.#TITLE:Abstract Miller-Dieker lissencephaly gene encodes a subunit of brain platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase [corrected]#JOURNAL:Nature#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8028668# AUTHORS:Hattori K, Adachi H, Matsuzawa A, Yamamoto K, Tsujimoto M, Aoki J, Hattori M, Arai H, Inoue K.#TITLE:cDNA cloning and expression of intracellular platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase II. Its homology with plasma PAF acetylhydrolase.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8955149# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5051.1) or (5049.1 and 5050.1) or (5049.1 and 5050.1 and 5048.1)
reactant: 524586
product: 524622
product: 524598
type: Reaction
product: 524610
reactant: 524574
name: Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase
reversible: false

592833
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744074
type: SpeciesReference

682250
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

549232
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

612183
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749089
type: SpeciesReference

642009
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486
type: SpeciesReference

519708
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

633279
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747983
type: SpeciesReference

756718
type: Reaction
reactant: 679833
product: 679846
notes: Abbreviation: R_UGALGTg Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.1.22 SUBSYSTEM: Galactose metabolism Equation: [g] : glc-D + udpgal --> h + lcts + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2683#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.22# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.22,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_3906#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LALBA# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.90# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1, Golgi apparatus (all except brain)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.2-g# NAME:alpha-lactalbumin, Golgi apparatus (lactating mammary gland)#ABBREVIATION:Lalba.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Amado M, Almeida R, Carneiro F, Levery ST, Holmes EH, Nomoto M, Hollingsworth MA, Hassan H, Schwientek T, Nielsen PA, Bennett EP, Clausen H#TITLE:A family of human beta3-galactosyltransferases#JOURNAL:The Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3906.1) and (2683.1) or (8704.2) or (8704.1)
reactant: 679821
product: 679870
name: UDPgalactose:D-glucose 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
reversible: false
product: 679858
fast: false

598715
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744708
type: SpeciesReference

528144
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

586879
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748457
type: SpeciesReference

754391
product: 624952
product: 624940
reactant: 624927
notes: Abbreviation: R_CATm Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 1.11.1.6 SUBSYSTEM: ROS Detoxification Equation: [m] : (2) h2o2 --> (2) h2o + o2 Confidence Level: 4 TV genes: LOCUS:_847#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CAT#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.6# proteins: NAME:catalase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Cat.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Radi R, Turrens JF, Chang LY, Bush KM, Crapo JD, Freeman BA.#TITLE:Detection of catalase in rat heart mitochondria.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1657986# AUTHORS:Quan F, Korneluk RG, Tropak MB, Gravel RA.#TITLE:Isolation and characterization of the human catalase gene.#JOURNAL:Nucleic Acids Res#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:3755525# GENE ASSOCIATION: (847.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: catalase
type: Reaction

652081
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747687
type: SpeciesReference

747903
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Orotate_C5H3N2O4
type: Species

552579
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746825
type: SpeciesReference

582864
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697
type: SpeciesReference

689048
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745694
type: SpeciesReference

651516
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746687
type: SpeciesReference

752735
reversible: true
reactant: 585120
reactant: 585108
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE3ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.14 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg11 <==> h + hs_deg12 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2799#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.14# proteins: NAME:glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (Sanfilippo disease IIID), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Robertson DA, Freeman C, Nelson PV, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human glucosamine-6-sulfatase cDNA reveals homology with steroid sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3196333# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Clements PR, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689314# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Catalytic properties#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689315# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2799.1)
product: 585156
name: N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, lysosomal
type: Reaction
product: 585132
fast: false
product: 585144

530738
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748867
type: SpeciesReference

655769
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748491
type: SpeciesReference

756862
product: 683021
reactant: 683009
notes: Abbreviation: R_DM_avite2_LPAREN_c_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [c] : avite2 --> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-Tocotrienol demand
type: Reaction

664465
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

545346
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

529264
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745674
type: SpeciesReference

577297
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747415
type: SpeciesReference

538675
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747905
type: SpeciesReference

753599
reactant: 605322
product: 605372
reversible: false
product: 605348
name: C160 fatty acid activation
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL160i Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + hdca --> amp + pmtcoa + ppi Confidence Level: 4 TV catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetases genes: LOCUS:_51703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL5# LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# LOCUS:_22305#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL6#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# LOCUS:_22305#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACSL6#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5#ABBREVIATION:Acsl5.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.2# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6#ABBREVIATION:Acsl6.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6 #ABBREVIATION:Acsl6.2# citations: AUTHORS:Stanczak H, Stanczak JJ, Singh I.#TITLE:Chromosomal localization of the human gene for palmitoyl-CoA ligase (FACL1).#JOURNAL:Cytogenet Cell Genet.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1531127# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2181.2) or (22305.2) or (51703.1) or (22305.1) or (2180.1) or (2181.1)
type: Reaction
reactant: 605310
fast: false
product: 605360
reactant: 605335

620409
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

750194
product: 524562
reactant: 524550
notes: Abbreviation: R_RAtn3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: _13-cis-retn[c] <==> 13-cis-retn[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _13-cis-retinoic acid transport, nuclear
type: Reaction

563257
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

748995
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: w hydroxy testosterone_C19H28O3
type: Species

654494
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745268
type: SpeciesReference

667793
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746288
type: SpeciesReference

620988
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

559984
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744318
type: SpeciesReference

583258
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697
type: SpeciesReference

623009
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

752737
product: 585205
product: 585193
reactant: 585181
reactant: 585169
notes: Abbreviation: R_PYRt2r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: h[e] + pyr[e] <==> h[c] + pyr[c] Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_9194#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A7# LOCUS:_9123#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A3# LOCUS:_6566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc16a7.1# NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc16a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc16a3.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Lin RY, Vera JC, Chaganti RS, Golde DW#TITLE:Human monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a high affinity pyruvate transporter#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9786900# AUTHORS:Halestrap AP, Price NT#TITLE:The proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family: structure, function and regulation#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10510291# AUTHORS:Garcia CK, Li X, Luna J, Francke U#TITLE:cDNA cloning of the human monocarboxylate transporter 1 and chromosomal localization of the SLC16A1 locus to 1p13.2-p12#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7835905# AUTHORS:Poole RC, Halestrap AP#TITLE:Transport of lactate and other monocarboxylates across mammalian plasma membranes#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8476015# AUTHORS:Ritzhaupt A, Ellis A, Hosie KB, Shirazi-Beechey SP#TITLE:The characterization of butyrate transport across pig and human colonic luminal membrane#JOURNAL:J Physiol#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9508842# AUTHORS:Ritzhaupt A, Wood IS, Ellis A, Hosie KB, Shirazi-Beechey SP#TITLE:Identification of a monocarboxylate transporter isoform type 1 (MCT1) on the luminal membrane of human and pig colon#JOURNAL:Biochem Soc Trans#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9649795# AUTHORS:Ritzhaupt A, Wood IS, Ellis A, Hosie KB, Shirazi-Beechey SP#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) in pig and human colon: its potential to transport L-lactate as w…
fast: false
reversible: true
name: pyruvate reversible transport via proton symport
type: Reaction

681163
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747677
type: SpeciesReference

551772
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746321
type: SpeciesReference

744344
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate_C9H11N3O9P
type: Species

755655
name: selenocysteine lyase
product: 654722
reactant: 654686
product: 654746
reactant: 654698
type: Reaction
product: 654734
product: 654710
fast: false
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_SELCYSLY Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 4.4.1.16 SUBSYSTEM: Selenoamino acid metabolism Equation: [c] : dtt + selcys --> ala-L + dttOX + h + seln Confidence Level: 1 SAB genes: LOCUS:_51540#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SCLY# proteins: NAME:selenocysteine lyase#ABBREVIATION:Scly.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mihara H, Kurihara T, Watanabe T, Yoshimura T, Esaki N. #TITLE:cDNA cloning, purification, and characterization of mouse liver selenocysteine lyase. Candidate for selenium delivery protein in selenoprotein synthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10692412# AUTHORS:Katsuhiko Nakamuro, Tomofumi Okuno, and Tatsuya Hasegawa#TITLE:Metabolism of Selenoamino Acids and Contribution of Selenium Methylation to Their Toxicity#JOURNAL:Journal of Health Science#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:?# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51540.1)

748993
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: w hydroxy testosterone_C19H28O3
type: Species

624927
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746601
type: SpeciesReference

747905
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Oxalate_C2O4
type: Species

599476
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746397
type: SpeciesReference

686176
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 748857
type: SpeciesReference

750192
notes: Abbreviation: R_ME2m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.40 SUBSYSTEM: Pyruvate Metabolism Equation: [m] : mal-L + nadp --> co2 + nadph + pyr Confidence Level: 0 IF genes: LOCUS:_4200#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ME2#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.40# LOCUS:_10873#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ME3#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.40# proteins: NAME:malic enzyme 2, NAD(+)-dependent, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Me2.1-m# NAME:malic enzyme 3, NADP(+)-dependent, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Me3.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Loeber G, Infante AA, Maurer-Fogy I, Krystek E, Dworkin MB.#TITLE:Human NAD(+)-dependent mitochondrial malic enzyme. cDNA cloning, primary structure, and expression in Escherichia coli.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1993674# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4200.1) or (10873.1)
name: malic enzyme (NADP), mitochondrial
fast: false
reactant: 524489
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 524525
product: 524538
reactant: 524501
product: 524513

670002
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744526
type: SpeciesReference

627733
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

598811
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

534813
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743896
type: SpeciesReference

645865
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749621
type: SpeciesReference

756860
notes: Abbreviation: R_GCCbim Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.1.2.10 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [m] : alpro + thf --> dhlpro + mlthf + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2731#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLDC#ECNUMBERS:1.4.4.2# LOCUS:_275#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AMT#ECNUMBERS:2.1.2.10# LOCUS:_1738#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DLD#ECNUMBERS:1.8.1.4# LOCUS:_2653#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GCSH# proteins: NAME:glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating; glycine decarboxylase, glycine cleavage system protein P), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Gldc.1-m# NAME:aminomethyltransferase (glycine cleavage system protein T), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Amt.1-m# NAME:glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier) #ABBREVIATION:Gcsh.1-m# NAME:dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Dld.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Lee HH, Kim do J, Ahn HJ, Ha JY, Suh SW.#TITLE:Crystal structure of T-protein of the glycine cleavage system. Cofactor binding, insights into H-protein recognition, and molecular basis for understanding nonketotic hyperglycinemia.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15355973# GENE ASSOCIATION: (275.1) and (1738.1) and (2731.1) and (2653.1)
type: Reaction
product: 682985
reversible: false
reactant: 682961
reactant: 682949
name: glycine-cleavage complex (lipoylprotein) irreversible, mitochondrial
fast: false
product: 682997
product: 682973

547686
stoichiometry: 7.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

605830
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746647
type: SpeciesReference

642897
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

682961
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748703
type: SpeciesReference

531564
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745470
type: SpeciesReference

745148
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoate_C4H7O3
type: Species

604449
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745168
type: SpeciesReference

561145
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

677590
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746845
type: SpeciesReference

551664
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746340
type: SpeciesReference

568997
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746008
type: SpeciesReference

687552
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744612
type: SpeciesReference

523734
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

681019
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

645961
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482
type: SpeciesReference

689928
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746891
type: SpeciesReference

629772
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746883
type: SpeciesReference

603184
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744568
type: SpeciesReference

749499
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Leb glycolipid_C56H99N2O30FULLRCO
type: Species

661038
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

584915
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747779
type: SpeciesReference

537502
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745160
type: SpeciesReference

660158
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

622058
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

544959
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

574495
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745040
type: SpeciesReference

639482
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

752961
product: 590587
product: 590575
reactant: 590563
reactant: 590551
notes: Abbreviation: R_CAt7r Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ca2[c] + (3) na1[e] <==> ca2[e] + (3) na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_6546#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC8A1# LOCUS:_6543#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC8A2# LOCUS:_6547#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC8A3# LOCUS:_6547#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:SLC8A3# LOCUS:_6547#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SLC8A3# LOCUS:_6547#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC8A3# LOCUS:_6547#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC8A3# LOCUS:_6547#TRANSCRIPT:6#ABBREVIATION:SLC8A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 1, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc8a1.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 8 (sodium-calcium exchanger), member 2, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc8a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 8 (sodium-calcium exchanger), member 3, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc8a3.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 8 (sodium-calcium exchanger), member 3, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc8a3.2-e# NAME:solute carrier family 8 (sodium-calcium exchanger), member 3, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc8a3.3-e# NAME:solute carrier family 8 (sodium-calcium exchanger), member 3, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc8a3.4-e# NAME:solute carrier family 8 (sodium-calcium exchanger), member 3, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc8a3.5-e# NAME:solute carrier family 8 (sodium-calcium exchanger), member 3, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc8a3.6-e# citations: AUTHORS:Gabellini,N., Bortoluzzi,S., Danieli,G.A., Carafoli,E., #TITLE:The human SLC8A3 gene and the tissue-specific Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3 isoforms. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12406570# AUTHORS:Schnetkamp PP.#TITLE:Na-Ca or Na-Ca-K exchange in rod photoreceptors.#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2484986# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6547.6) or (6547.4) or (6547.2) or (6546.1) or (6547.1) or (6547.5) or (6543.1) or (6547.3)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: calcium / sodium antiporter (1:3), reversible
type: Reaction

589454
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743922
type: SpeciesReference

748991
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: omega hydroxy hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O3
type: Species

744342
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone sulfate_C19H29O5S
type: Species

755653
product: 654674
reactant: 654662
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_1mncam_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 1mncam <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _1-Methylnicotinamide exchange
type: Reaction

603966
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748679
type: SpeciesReference

544668
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744476
type: SpeciesReference

555830
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

575787
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

747907
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Oxalate_C2O4
type: Species

529770
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748355
type: SpeciesReference

671542
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

750190
product: 524477
product: 524464
reactant: 524451
reactant: 524438
notes: Abbreviation: R_DMHPTCRNCPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + dmhptcrn <==> crn + dmhptcoa Confidence Level: 2 made reversible since Keq ~ 0.6. dmhptcoa is a special case because its biochemical fate has not be elucidated. NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# AUTHORS:Verhoeven NM, Wanders RJ, Poll-The BT, Saudubray JM, Jakobs C.#TITLE:The metabolism of phytanic acid and pristanic acid in man: a review.#JOURNAL:J Inherit Metab Dis#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9819701# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoly CoA carnitine transferase
type: Reaction

688217
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

530859
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746036
type: SpeciesReference

582165
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745154
type: SpeciesReference

752739
product: 585253
product: 585241
reactant: 585229
reactant: 585217
notes: Abbreviation: R_NDPK6n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.6 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : atp + dudp <==> adp + dutp Confidence Level: 4 Many nucleoside diphosphates (eight described) can act as acceptors. While many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donors, only ATP is chosen as a donor to minimize the number of total reactions. genes: LOCUS:_4831#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME2# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NME1# LOCUS:_4830#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NME1# proteins: NAME:Nucleosinde diphosphate kinase AB, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:NME12_n.1# NAME:Nucleosinde diphosphate kinase AB, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:NME12_n.2# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4831.1 and 4830.1) or (4830.2 and 4831.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (ATP:dUDP), nuclear
type: Reaction

689783
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746509
type: SpeciesReference

678880
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745830
type: SpeciesReference

635580
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749782
type: SpeciesReference

535489
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748597
type: SpeciesReference

656312
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744422
type: SpeciesReference

755615
product: 653780
reactant: 653768
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACGAMtly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: acgam[l] --> acgam[c] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Rome LH, Hill DF#TITLE:Lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans. Efflux and recycling of sulphate and N-acetylhexosamines#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:3753439# AUTHORS:Jonas AJ, Speller RJ, Conrad PB, Dubinsky WP#TITLE:Transport of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine by rat liver lysosomes#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2784441# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: N-acetyl-glucosamine lysosomal efflux
type: Reaction

756432
fast: false
reversible: false
type: Reaction
product: 673037
product: 673061
reactant: 673025
reactant: 672989
notes: Abbreviation: R_25VITD2Hm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin D Equation: [m] : 25hvitd2 + h + nadph + o2 --> 1a25dhvitd2 + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.196 IT genes: LOCUS:_1594#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP27B1#ECNUMBERS:1.14.-.-# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 #ABBREVIATION:Cyp27b1.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Yokomura K, Suda T, Sasaki S, Inui N, Chida K, Nakamura H. #TITLE:Increased expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase gene in alveolar macrophages of patients with lung cancer.#JOURNAL:J Clin Endocrinol Metab. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14671156# AUTHORS:St-Arnaud R, Messerlian S, Moir JM, Omdahl JL, Glorieux FH.#TITLE:The 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene maps to the pseudovitamin D-deficiency rickets (PDDR) disease locus.#JOURNAL: J Bone Miner Res. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9333115# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1594.1)
reactant: 673013
product: 673049
name: _1-alpha-Vitamin D-25-hydroxylase (D2)
reactant: 673001

645409
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

519818
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747707
type: SpeciesReference

754385
product: 624806
fast: false
reactant: 624782
reactant: 624770
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_SLCBK1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + sphgn --> adp + h + sph1p Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_56848#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SPHK2# proteins: NAME:sphingosine kinase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Sphk2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Liu H, Sugiura M, Nava VE, Edsall LC, Kono K, Poulton S, Milstien S, Kohama T, Spiegel S.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel mammalian sphingosine kinase type 2 isoform.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10751414# GENE ASSOCIATION: (56848.1)
product: 624794
name: sphingolipid long chain base kinase (sphinganine)
reversible: false
product: 624818

753403
product: 600659
product: 600647
reactant: 600635
reactant: 600622
notes: Abbreviation: R_AMETt2m Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: ahcys[m] + amet[c] <==> ahcys[c] + amet[m] Confidence Level: 4 Added by RS/TV (6/17/05) genes: LOCUS:_115286#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A26# LOCUS:_115286#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A26# LOCUS:_115286#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A26# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, member 26 (mitochondrial)#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a26.1-m# NAME:Solute carrier family 25, member 26 (mitochondrial) #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a26.2-m# NAME:Solute carrier family 25, member 26 (mitochondrial)#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a26.3-m# citations: AUTHORS:Agrimi G, Di Noia MA, Marobbio CM, Fiermonte G, Lasorsa FM, Palmieri F#TITLE:Identification of the human mitochondrial S-adenosylmethionine transporter: bacterial expression, reconstitution, functional characterization and tissue distribution#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14674884# GENE ASSOCIATION: (115286.3) or (115286.2) or (115286.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine reversible transport, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

755659
product: 654819
product: 654806
reactant: 654794
reactant: 654782
notes: Abbreviation: R_MANt4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: man[e] + na1[e] <==> man[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_200010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC5A9# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 9, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc5a9.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Wright EM, Turk E#TITLE:The sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12748858# AUTHORS:Tazawa S, Yamato T, Fujikura H, Hiratochi M, Itoh F, Tomae M, Takemura Y, Maruyama H, Sugiyama T, Wakamatsu A, Isogai T, Isaji M#TITLE:SLC5A9/SGLT4, a new Na+-dependent glucose transporter, is an essential transporter for mannose, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, and fructose#JOURNAL:Life Sci#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15607332# GENE ASSOCIATION: (200010.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-mannose transport via sodium cotransport
type: Reaction

749497
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (Gal)3 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)2 (LFuc)3 (Cer)1_C76H132N3O44FULLRCO
type: Species

576924
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

614049
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746340
type: SpeciesReference

752951
product: 590309
reactant: 590297
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_cit_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : cit <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Citrate exchange
type: Reaction

647152
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746737
type: SpeciesReference

677254
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 744924
type: SpeciesReference

667454
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748217
type: SpeciesReference

533895
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

534510
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887
type: SpeciesReference

533135
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745724
type: SpeciesReference

622479
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887
type: SpeciesReference

748987
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: omega hydroxy dodecanoate (n-C12:0)_C12H23O3
type: Species

523518
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746384
type: SpeciesReference

565546
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748455
type: SpeciesReference

575568
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

555443
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

529119
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745740
type: SpeciesReference

752891
product: 588838
product: 588826
reactant: 588814
reactant: 588802
notes: Abbreviation: R_PDX5PO Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin B6 Metabolism Equation: [c] : o2 + pdx5p <==> h2o2 + pydx5p Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_55163#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PNPO#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.5# proteins: NAME:Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase #ABBREVIATION:PnpO.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ink SL, Henderson LM.#TITLE:Vitamin B6 metabolism.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6380540# AUTHORS:Kang JH, Hong ML, Kim DW, Park J, Kang TC, Won MH, Baek NI, Moon BJ, Choi SY, Kwon OS.#TITLE:Genomic organization, tissue distribution and deletion mutation of human pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase.#JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15182361# AUTHORS:Mehansho H, Henderson LM.#TITLE:Transport and accumulation of pyridoxine and pyridoxal by erythrocytes.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1980#PUBMED:J Biol Chem.# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55163.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase
type: Reaction

585193
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

529974
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

612025
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746283
type: SpeciesReference

595255
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746559
type: SpeciesReference

552893
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855
type: SpeciesReference

585048
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747117
type: SpeciesReference

753595
product: 605273
reactant: 605261
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETTET6t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: tettet6[e] <==> tettet6[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

681598
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

745158
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Bilirubin beta-diglucuronide_C45H50N4O18
type: Species

746521
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GQ1balpha (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO
type: Species

647044
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744840
type: SpeciesReference

522465
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744014
type: SpeciesReference

749569
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GT1a (homo sapiens)_C77H127N5O46FULLRCO
type: Species

687179
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744758
type: SpeciesReference

655337
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747983
type: SpeciesReference

756430
product: 672977
product: 672965
reactant: 672953
reactant: 672941
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGT5r Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.3.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: Eicosanoid Metabolism Equation: [r] : h2o + leuktrC4 <==> glu-L + leuktrD4 Confidence Level: 4 Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl peptide bond of glutathione conjugates, but maybe not glutathione itself. Converts leukotriene C4 (LTC4) to leukotriene D4 (LTD4). NJ genes: LOCUS:_2687#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GGTLA1# proteins: NAME:gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1#ABBREVIATION:Ggtla1.1# citations: TITLE:Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2687.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5
type: Reaction

560832
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747597
type: SpeciesReference

665199
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748835
type: SpeciesReference

637750
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744924
type: SpeciesReference

664247
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746701
type: SpeciesReference

664308
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901
type: SpeciesReference

747741
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: nifedipine_C17H18N2O6
type: Species

755613
product: 653756
product: 653744
reactant: 653732
reactant: 653720
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTD9e Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [e] : gmp + h2o --> gsn + pi Confidence Level: 2 Wide specificity for 5'-nucleotides Also see EC 3.1.3.31 genes: LOCUS:_4907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NT5E#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.5# proteins: NAME:_5'-nucleotidase, ecto (CD73) #ABBREVIATION:Nt5E.1-e# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4907.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5'-nucleotidase (GMP), extracellular
type: Reaction

580656
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

577710
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745908
type: SpeciesReference

753405
reactant: 600671
reversible: true
product: 600707
product: 600731
product: 600719
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
type: Reaction
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL1831 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + lnlncg <==> amp + lnlncgcoa + ppi Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2180.1)
reactant: 600695
reactant: 600683

660497
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745502
type: SpeciesReference

754387
product: 624867
product: 624855
reactant: 624843
reactant: 624831
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPODMn Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.15.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: ROS Detoxification Equation: [n] : (2) h + (2) o2s --> h2o2 + o2 Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_6647#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SOD1#ECNUMBERS:1.15.1.1# proteins: NAME:superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult))#ABBREVIATION:Sod1.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Crapo JD, Oury T, Rabouille C, Slot JW, Chang LY#TITLE:Copper,zinc superoxide dismutase is primarily a cytosolic protein in human cells#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1332049# AUTHORS:Hallewell RA, Masiarz FR, Najarian RC, Puma JP, Quiroga MR, Randolph A, Sanchez-Pescador R, Scandella CJ, Smith B, Steimer KS, et al#TITLE:Human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase cDNA: isolation of clones synthesising high levels of active or inactive enzyme from an expression library#JOURNAL:Nucleic Acids Res#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3889846# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6647.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: superoxide dismutase, nuclear
type: Reaction

752953
reactant: 590346
notes: Abbreviation: R_TRDR2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.8.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Miscellaneous Equation: [c] : h + nadph + q10 --> nadp + q10h2 Confidence Level: 4 Xia et al, 2003, JBC, 2141-2146 genes: LOCUS:_7296#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD1# LOCUS:_7296#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD1# LOCUS:_7296#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD1# LOCUS:_7296#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD1# proteins: NAME:thioredoxin reductase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Txnrd1.1# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 1#ABBREVIATION:Txnrd1.2# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 1#ABBREVIATION:Txnrd1.3# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 1#ABBREVIATION:Txnrd1.4# citations: AUTHORS:Tamura T, Stadtman TC.#TITLE:A new selenoprotein from human lung adenocarcinoma cells: purification, properties, and thioredoxin reductase activity. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. #YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8577704# AUTHORS:Koishi R, Kawashima I, Yoshimura C, Sugawara M, Serizawa N.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of a novel oxidoreductase KDRF from a human bone marrow-derived stromal cell line KM-102. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:8999974# AUTHORS:Xia L, Nordman T, Olsson JM, Damdimopoulos A, Bjorkhem-Bergman L, Nalvarte I, Eriksson LC, Arner ES, Spyrou G, Bjornstedt M.#TITLE:The mammalian cytosolic selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase reduces ubiquinone. A novel mechanism for defense against oxidative stress.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12435734# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7296.1) or (7296.4) or (7296.2) or (7296.3)
name: Thioredoxin (ubiquinone 10) reductase (NADPH)
product: 590370
reactant: 590333
reversible: false
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 590321
product: 590358

658771
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

586145
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748125
type: SpeciesReference

749495
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (Gal)4 (Glc)1 (GlcNAc)3 (LFuc)3 (Cer)1_C90H155N4O54FULLRCO
type: Species

640407
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746269
type: SpeciesReference

609744
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747239
type: SpeciesReference

755657
product: 654770
reactant: 654758
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_rib_DASH_D_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : rib-D <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Ribose exchange
type: Reaction

678952
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

748985
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: omega hydroxy dodecanoate (n-C12:0)_C12H23O3
type: Species

614628
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747291
type: SpeciesReference

672770
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746068
type: SpeciesReference

570561
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746219
type: SpeciesReference

613675
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748873
type: SpeciesReference

627516
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

685348
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

752893
fast: false
reactant: 588850
name: N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase, lysosomal
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE6ly Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 3.1.6.4 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cs_d + h2o <==> cs_d_deg1 + h + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Bielicki J…
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notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_glyb_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : glyb <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
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name: Glycine betaine exchange
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746523
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reactant: 683141
reactant: 683154
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notes: Abbreviation: R_P4502C94 Synonyms: _5 SUBSYSTEM: Limonene and pinene degradation Equation: [c] : appnn + h + nadph + o2 --> apnnox + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 assumed to take place on outer membrane NJ genes: LOCUS:_1557#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2C19#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# LOCUS:_1559#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2C9#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2c19.1# NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2c9.1# citations: AUTHORS:Rendic S.#TITLE:Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data.#JOURNAL:Drug Metab Rev#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11996015# AUTHORS:Miyazawa M, Shindo M, Shimada T.#TITLE:Metabolism of (+)- and (-)-limonenes to respective carveols and perillyl alcohols by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes.#JOURNAL:Drug Metab Dispos#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11950794# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1559.1) or (1557.1)
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755611
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reactant: 653672
notes: Abbreviation: R_DALAt2rL Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: ala-D[l] + h[l] <==> ala-D[c] + h[c] Confidence Level: 4 JLR SAB lyso genes: LOCUS:_206358#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC36A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc36a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Sagne C, Agulhon C, Ravassard P, Darmon M, Hamon M, El Mestikawy S, Gasnier B, Giros B#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a lysosomal transporter for small neutral amino acids#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11390972# AUTHORS:Boll M, Foltz M, Rubio-Aliaga I, Kottra G, Daniel H#TITLE:Functional characterization of two novel mammalian electrogenic proton-dependent amino acid cotransporters#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11959859# GENE ASSOCIATION: (206358.1)
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name: D-alanine transport via proton symport (lysosome)
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type: Reaction
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reactant: 590382
name: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus
reactant: 590394
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GNT35g Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : acglcgalgbside_hs + udpgal --> galacglcgalgbside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10331.1)
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752741
name: Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2
reversible: false
reactant: 585265
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product: 585289
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST6GALNAC23 Synonyms: _5 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : cmpacna + ga2_hs --> cmp + gm2a_hs + h Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10610#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT7B#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.7# proteins: NAME:ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:St6galnac2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10610.1)
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753407
reactant: 600755
fast: false
name: cytochrome P450 2A6
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name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
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reactant: 624661
product: 624685
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL1822 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + lneldc <==> amp + lneldccoa + ppi Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2180.1)
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notes: Abbreviation: R_SULFOX Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.8.3.1 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: (2) ficytC[m] + h2o[c] + so3[c] --> (2) focytC[m] + (2) h[c] + so4[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM/TDV genes: LOCUS:_6821#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUOX# proteins: NAME:Sulfite oxidase #ABBREVIATION:Suox.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (6821.1)
reactant: 683081
fast: false
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 683057
product: 683105
product: 683117
name: sulfite oxidase

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notes: Abbreviation: R_NTD5l Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleic acid degradation Equation: [l] : dtmp + h2o --> pi + thymd Confidence Level: 4 Wide specificity for 5'-nucleotides Also see EC 3.1.3.31 IT genes: LOCUS:_53#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACP2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# proteins: NAME:acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Acp2.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:R.L. Pisoni#TITLE:Lysosomal Nucleic Acid and Phosphate Metabolism and Related Metabolic Reactions, Chapter 9#YEAR:1996# GENE ASSOCIATION: (53.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5'-nucleotidase (dTMP), lysosomal
type: Reaction

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name: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
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reversible: false
type: Reaction
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notes: Abbreviation: R_AG13T4g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre1 + uacgam --> h + ksi_pre2 + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_11041#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT6# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_284208#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNTL1# LOCUS:_93010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT7# LOCUS:_79369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT4# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1#ABBREVIATION:B3gntl1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt4.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K#TITLE:Identification and characterization of three novel beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase f…
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753409
notes: Abbreviation: R_ATPS4m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.3.14 SUBSYSTEM: Oxidative Phosphorylation Equation: adp[m] + (4) h[c] + pi[m] --> atp[m] + (3) h[m] + h2o[m] Confidence Level: 4 IF TV genes: LOCUS:_518#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5G3#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_517#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5G2#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_10632#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5L#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_509#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5C1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_10476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5H#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_506#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5B#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_522#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5J#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_9551#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5J2# LOCUS:_521#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5I#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_498#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5A1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_516#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5G1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_515#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5F1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_514#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5E#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_513#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP5D#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_4905#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NSF# LOCUS:_9551#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP5J2# LOCUS:_518#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ATP5G3#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_9551#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ATP5J2# LOCUS:_515#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP5F1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_498#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ATP5A1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_518#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP5G3#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_517#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP5G2#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_515#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ATP5F1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_498#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP5A1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_10476#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP5H#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_516#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP5G1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_513#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP5D#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_514#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP5E#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.34# LOCUS:_522#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ATP5J#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.14# LOCUS:_522#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVI…
fast: false
product: 600890
name: ATP synthase (four protons for one ATP)
product: 600865
reactant: 600853
type: Reaction
reactant: 600829
product: 600877
reversible: false
reactant: 600841

745420
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Carbon monoxide_CO
type: Species

749491
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Ley glycolipid_C56H99N2O30FULLRCO
type: Species

599692
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746289
type: SpeciesReference

754383
type: Reaction
fast: false
name: NADP nucleosidase,extracellular
product: 624746
reactant: 624709
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_NADPNe Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.2.2.6 SUBSYSTEM: NAD Metabolism Equation: [e] : h2o + nadp --> adprbp + h + ncam Confidence Level: 4 See EC 3.2.2.5 for NAD nucleosidase genes: LOCUS:_952#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CD38# proteins: NAME:cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase#ABBREVIATION:Cadph.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kim UH, Han MK, Park BH, Kim HR, An NH.#TITLE:Function of NAD glycohydrolase in ADP-ribose uptake from NAD by human erythrocytes.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta.#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8394137# AUTHORS:Kontani K, Nishina H, Ohoka Y, Takahashi K, Katada T.#TITLE:NAD glycohydrolase specifically induced by retinoic acid in human leukemic HL-60 cells. Identification of the NAD glycohydrolase as leukocyte cell surface antigen CD38.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1993# GENE ASSOCIATION: (952.1)
product: 624758
reactant: 624722
product: 624734

748989
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: omega hydroxy hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O3
type: Species

687770
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747043
type: SpeciesReference

553848
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438
type: SpeciesReference

747639
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4)-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R_C58H96N5O40X
type: Species

753593
name: N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, lysosomal
product: 605224
fast: false
reactant: 605199
reversible: true
type: Reaction
reactant: 605212
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE24ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.14 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksii_core2_deg6 <==> h + ksii_core2_deg7 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2799#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.14# proteins: NAME:glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (Sanfilippo disease IIID), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Robertson DA, Freeman C, Nelson PV, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human glucosamine-6-sulfatase cDNA reveals homology with steroid sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3196333# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Clements PR, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689314# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Catalytic properties#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689315# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2799.1)
product: 605236
product: 605249

636509
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746715
type: SpeciesReference

649800
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746489
type: SpeciesReference

579471
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748889
type: SpeciesReference

604667
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745706
type: SpeciesReference

643081
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

624685
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747303
type: SpeciesReference

564485
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744420
type: SpeciesReference

745426
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S
type: Species

673194
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

673001
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

639902
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746621
type: SpeciesReference

586567
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

576765
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697
type: SpeciesReference

668723
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

685420
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

660762
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746478
type: SpeciesReference

752959
product: 590539
product: 590527
reactant: 590515
reactant: 590502
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt53m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dctp[c] + dgdp[m] --> dctp[m] + dgdp[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dCTP transport via dGDP antiport
type: Reaction

621653
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

745150
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoate_C4H7O3
type: Species

659325
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

528036
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747975
type: SpeciesReference

755049
product: 640613
reactant: 640601
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCGALFUCGALACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: fucgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> fucgalfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

754271
product: 621628
product: 621616
reactant: 621604
reactant: 621592
notes: Abbreviation: R_2HCO3_NAt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) hco3[e] + na1[e] <==> (2) hco3[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_8671#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A4# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# LOCUS:_57835#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SLC4A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 4, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a4.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.2-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.3-e# NAME:solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 5, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc4a5.4-e# citations: AUTHORS:Romero MF, Fulton CM, Boron WF.#TITLE:The SLC4 family of HCO 3 - transporters.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14722772# GENE ASSOCIATION: (57835.3) or (8671.1) or (57835.2) or (57835.1) or (57835.4)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: bicarbonate transport (Na/HCO3 1:2 cotransport)
type: Reaction

747747
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(alpha-D-mannosyl)4-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl)-L-asparagine (protein)_C54H90N3O40X
type: Species

612231
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748673
type: SpeciesReference

746529
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Geranyl diphosphate_C10H17O7P2
type: Species

659482
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746409
type: SpeciesReference

569279
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749709
type: SpeciesReference

745578
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), precursor 4_C45H66N2O45S3X
type: Species

752899
product: 589008
reactant: 588983
notes: Abbreviation: R_H6MTer_U Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolmanp_U + m2emgacpail_hs --> (0.1) dolp_U + h + m3emgacpail_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_80235#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SMP3# proteins: NAME:SMP3 mannosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Smp3.1-r# citations: AUTHORS:Taron BW, Colussi PA, Wiedman JM, Orlean P, Taron CH#TITLE:Human Smp3p adds a fourth mannose to yeast and human glycosylphosphatidylinositol precursors in vivo#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15208306# GENE ASSOCIATION: (80235.1)
reactant: 588996
name: H6 mannosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 589020
type: Reaction
product: 589032

749561
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) signal sequence (C-terminal peptide)_Y
type: Species

524814
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

591892
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746931
type: SpeciesReference

522137
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746947
type: SpeciesReference

534969
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

654204
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

747633
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: n2m2nmasn (w/o peptide linkage)_C58H97N5O41
type: Species

521581
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749401
type: SpeciesReference

756586
product: 676687
reactant: 676675
notes: Abbreviation: R_COAtp Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: coa[c] <==> coa[x] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: coenzyme A transport, peroxisomal
type: Reaction

539233
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

553111
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

651851
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746412
type: SpeciesReference

745424
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S
type: Species

756582
product: 676578
product: 676566
reactant: 676554
reactant: 676542
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt51m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dcdp[m] + dctp[c] --> dcdp[c] + dctp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dCTP transport via dCDP antiport
type: Reaction

677482
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

575412
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747877
type: SpeciesReference

586351
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744952
type: SpeciesReference

543845
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745530
type: SpeciesReference

587944
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

607313
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748443
type: SpeciesReference

557777
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748869
type: SpeciesReference

688928
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747973
type: SpeciesReference

595365
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749407
type: SpeciesReference

552183
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748761
type: SpeciesReference

641937
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747953
type: SpeciesReference

756438
product: 673158
reactant: 673146
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_gt1a_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : gt1a_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: GT1a (homo sapiens) exchange
type: Reaction

613254
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745580
type: SpeciesReference

747749
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: NMN_C11H14N2O8P
type: Species

667346
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747509
type: SpeciesReference

539341
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748349
type: SpeciesReference

553267
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747277
type: SpeciesReference

755047
fast: false
product: 640589
reactant: 640540
reactant: 640516
reactant: 640528
name: adenylosuccinate synthase
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADSS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.4.4 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : asp-L + gtp + imp --> dcamp + gdp + (2) h + pi Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_159#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADSS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.4.4# LOCUS:_122622#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADSSL1# LOCUS:_122622#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ADSSL1# proteins: NAME:adenylosuccinate synthase #ABBREVIATION:Adss.1# NAME:adenylosuccinate synthase like 1#ABBREVIATION:Adssl1.2# NAME:adenylosuccinate synthase like 1#ABBREVIATION:Adssl1.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (159.1) or (122622.1) or (122622.2)
product: 640577
product: 640552
product: 640564
type: Reaction

754273
product: 621718
notes: Abbreviation: R_C4STMO1r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Cholesterol Metabolism Equation: [r] : 44mzym + (3) h + (3) nadph + (3) o2 --> 4mzym_int1 + (4) h2o + (3) nadp Confidence Level: 4 EC 1.-.-.- NCD ER version NJ genes: LOCUS:_6307#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SC4MOL# proteins: NAME:sterol-C4-methyl oxidase#ABBREVIATION:Sc4mol.1# citations: AUTHORS:Marijanovic Z, Laubner D, Moller G, Gege C, Husenn B, Adamski J, Breitling R#TITLE:Closing the gap: Identification of human 3-ketosteroid reductase, the last unknown enzyme of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Molecular Endocrinology#YEAR:2005# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6307.1)
fast: false
reactant: 621641
type: Reaction
name: C-4 sterol methyl oxidase (4,4-dimethylzymosterol)
reactant: 621666
product: 621692
reactant: 621679
product: 621705
reactant: 621653
reversible: false

523626
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

650923
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748371
type: SpeciesReference

748879
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: UDPglucose_C15H22N2O17P2
type: Species

522695
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749858
type: SpeciesReference

624794
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

564593
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748893
type: SpeciesReference

639154
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746377
type: SpeciesReference

552471
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721
type: SpeciesReference

745576
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), precursor 3_C37H53NO40S3X
type: Species

754275
product: 621768
product: 621756
reactant: 621744
reactant: 621731
notes: Abbreviation: R_FTCD Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.3.1.4 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [c] : 5forthf + (2) h --> methf + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_10841#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FTCD#ECNUMBERS:2.1.2.5,4.3.1.4# LOCUS:_10841#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:FTCD# proteins: NAME:formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase#ABBREVIATION:Ftcd.1# NAME:formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase#ABBREVIATION:Ftcd.2# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10841.1) or (10841.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase
type: Reaction

604558
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748475
type: SpeciesReference

553957
stoichiometry: 9.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

600391
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

755769
product: 657344
reactant: 657332
notes: Abbreviation: R_XOLDIOLONEtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: xoldiolone[m] <==> xoldiolone[r] Confidence Level: 2 cholesterol precursor, transport by "diffusion" -> actually beleived to be flip-flop mechanism (PMID: 12840657). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Fast flip-flop of cholesterol and fatty acids in membranes: implications for membrane transport proteins.#JOURNAL:Curr Opin Lipidol. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12840657# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: lipid, flip-flop intracellular transport
type: Reaction

603075
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746418
type: SpeciesReference

619601
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

561799
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

756584
product: 676639
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 676663
reactant: 676602
type: Reaction
reactant: 676627
reactant: 676590
name: R group artificial flux
reactant: 676615
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR56 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: (2) fadh2[m] + (2) h[m] + (2) nadph[m] + tettet6coa[c] --> (1.5) R5coa_hs[c] + (2) fad[m] + (2) nadp[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 676651

747635
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: n2m2nmasn (w/o peptide linkage)_C58H97N5O41
type: Species

546815
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747805
type: SpeciesReference

689470
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

633786
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747629
type: SpeciesReference

671698
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748905
type: SpeciesReference

637027
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744280
type: SpeciesReference

529866
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744974
type: SpeciesReference

649910
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747887
type: SpeciesReference

535270
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

642735
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745850
type: SpeciesReference

745002
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: androsterone glucuronide_C25H38O8
type: Species

623817
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

624118
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747617
type: SpeciesReference

754389
product: 624915
product: 624903
reactant: 624891
reactant: 624879
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYSTGLUex Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: Lcystin[e] + glu-L[c] --> Lcystin[c] + glu-L[e] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see PMID 14770310 genes: LOCUS:_6520#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC3A2# LOCUS:_23657#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A11# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 3 member 2/family 7 member 11#ABBREVIATION:Slc3a2/7a11# citations: AUTHORS:Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770310# GENE ASSOCIATION: (23657.1 and 6520.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-cystine/L-glutamate exchanger
type: Reaction

748877
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
type: Species

756436
product: 673134
reactant: 673121
notes: Abbreviation: R_PPPG9tm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Heme Biosynthesis Equation: pppg9[c] <==> pppg9[m] Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: protoporphyrinogen IX mitochondrial transport
type: Reaction

519927
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745768
type: SpeciesReference

755619
product: 653829
reactant: 653816
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCtly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: fuc-L[l] --> fuc-L[c] Confidence Level: 2 genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Pisoni RL, Thoene JG#TITLE:The transport systems of mammalian lysosomes#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1751541# AUTHORS:Lloyd JB#TITLE:Metabolite efflux and influx across the lysosome membrane#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993166# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-fucose efflux from lysosome
type: Reaction

656421
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748089
type: SpeciesReference

519600
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

749567
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Guanosine_C10H13N5O5
type: Species

694799
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747759
type: SpeciesReference

635471
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609
type: SpeciesReference

535598
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

746525
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GQ1balpha (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO
type: Species

755767
product: 657320
product: 657308
reactant: 657295
reactant: 657283
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt32m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: atp[m] + dgdp[c] --> atp[c] + dgdp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dGDP transport via ATP antiport
type: Reaction

560627
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747101
type: SpeciesReference

681441
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748011
type: SpeciesReference

691242
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

661421
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748693
type: SpeciesReference

574044
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

749565
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GQ1balpha (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO
type: Species

754277
reactant: 621792
fast: false
product: 621828
reactant: 621780
reversible: false
type: Reaction
product: 621816
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6T24g Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.8.2.17 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cs_e_pre4 + paps --> cs_e_pre5b + h + pap Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_56548#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST7# LOCUS:_9469#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST3# proteins: NAME:carbohydrate (chondroitin 6) sulfotransferase 3, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst3.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chst7.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Habuchi O, Hirahara Y, Uchimura K, Fukuta M#TITLE:Enzymatic sulfation of galactose residue of keratan sulfate by chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8991509# AUTHORS:Fukuta M, Kobayashi Y, Uchimura K, Kimata K, Habuchi O#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of human chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9714738# AUTHORS:Uchimura K, Fasakhany F, Kadomatsu K, Matsukawa T, Yamakawa T, Kurosawa N, Muramatsu T#TITLE:Diversity of N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferases: molecular cloning of a novel enzyme with different distribution and specificities#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10913333# AUTHORS:Silbert JE, Sugumaran G#TITLE:Biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512856# AUTHORS:Tsutsumi K, Shimakawa H, Kitagawa H, Sugahara K#TITLE:Functional expression and genomic structure of human chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9883891# AUTHORS:Kitagawa H, Fujita M, Ito N, Sugahara K#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of a novel chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10781596# AUTHORS:Bhakta S, Bartes A, Bowman KG, Kao WM, Polsky I, Lee JK, Cook BN, Bruehl RE, Rosen SD, Bertozzi CR, Hemmerich S#TITLE:Sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine by chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase 2 (GST-5)#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10956661# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9469.1) or (56548.1)
name: chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase, Golgi apparatus
product: 621804

745574
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S) precursor 2_C31H46NO34S3X
type: Species

752895
product: 588947
product: 588935
reactant: 588923
reactant: 588911
notes: Abbreviation: R_OCOAT1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.8.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Metabolism Equation: [m] : acac + succoa <==> aacoa + succ Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_5019#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:OXCT1# LOCUS:_64064#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:OXCT2# proteins: NAME:_3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Oxct1.1-m# NAME:_3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Oxct2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Tanaka H, Kohroki J, Iguchi N, Onishi M, Nishimune Y. #TITLE:Cloning and characterization of a human orthologue of testis-specific succinyl CoA: 3-oxo acid CoA transferase (Scot-t) cDNA.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11756565# AUTHORS:Fukao T, Mitchell GA, Song XQ, Nakamura H, Kassovska-Bratinova S, Orii KE, Wraith JE, Besley G, Wanders RJ, Niezen-Koning KE, Berry GT, Palmieri M, Kondo N.#TITLE:Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT): cloning of the human SCOT gene, tertiary structural modeling of the human SCOT monomer, and characterization of three pathogenic mutations. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10964512# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5019.1) or (64064.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _3-oxoacid CoA-transferase
type: Reaction

590683
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

604111
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

655445
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748741
type: SpeciesReference

745000
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Androsterone_C19H30O2
type: Species

586651
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744628
type: SpeciesReference

746681
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
type: Species

650694
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748407
type: SpeciesReference

597254
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743982
type: SpeciesReference

753401
product: 600610
product: 600598
reactant: 600586
reactant: 600573
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARGt4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: arg-L[e] + na1[e] --> arg-L[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_11254#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A14# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a14.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW#TITLE:Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12719981# AUTHORS:Van Winkle LJ#TITLE:Amino acid transport regulation and early embryo development#JOURNAL:Biol Reprod#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11133652# GENE ASSOCIATION: (11254.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-arginine transport in via sodium symport
type: Reaction

570425
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747511
type: SpeciesReference

651625
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746895
type: SpeciesReference

657150
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747571
type: SpeciesReference

576813
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747707
type: SpeciesReference

677794
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746823
type: SpeciesReference

745428
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Coenzyme A_C21H32N7O16P3S
type: Species

637642
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747805
type: SpeciesReference

755617
product: 653804
reactant: 653792
notes: Abbreviation: R_AMPtp Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: amp[c] <==> amp[x] Confidence Level: 0 "diffusion" NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: AMP transporter, peroxisome
type: Reaction

646214
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746144
type: SpeciesReference

614738
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745720
type: SpeciesReference

748875
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
type: Species

745572
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate D (GlcNAc6S-GlcA2S), free chain_C45H65N2O52S5
type: Species

756434
product: 673109
product: 673097
reactant: 673085
reactant: 673073
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACOAD1fm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.2 SUBSYSTEM: Butanoate Metabolism Equation: [m] : btcoa + fad --> b2coa + fadh2 Confidence Level: 4 Assume NAD/NADH as acceptors Lumped long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.13) This reaction is therefore equilivalent to trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD) (EC 1.3.1.44) genes: LOCUS:_84129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FLJ12592#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_34#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADM#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.3# LOCUS:_35#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADS#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.2# LOCUS:_36#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACADSB#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.-# LOCUS:_27034#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAD8# LOCUS:_80724#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAD10# LOCUS:_28976#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAD9# proteins: NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain #ABBREVIATION:Acads.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acadm.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short/branched chain#ABBREVIATION:Acadsb.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 8#ABBREVIATION:Acad8.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 9, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acad9.1-m# NAME:acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 10, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Acad10.1-m# NAME:putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Flj12592.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Naito E, Ozasa H, Ikeda Y, Tanaka K.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of complementary DNAs encoding human short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase and the study of the molecular basis of human short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency.#JOURNAL:J Clin Invest#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2565344# GENE ASSOCIATION: (84129.1) or (28976.1) or (27034.1) or (36.1) or (35.1) or (34.1) or (80724.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (butanoyl-CoA), mitochondrial
type: Reaction

627408
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

677144
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747541
type: SpeciesReference

747301
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: linoelaidic acid (all trans C18:2)_C18H31O2
type: Species

544208
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747929
type: SpeciesReference

603690
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

522356
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745272
type: SpeciesReference

692340
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916
type: SpeciesReference

749563
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GQ1b (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO
type: Species

628528
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747041
type: SpeciesReference

596416
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

539789
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

752897
product: 588971
reactant: 588959
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASCBt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ascb-L[e] <==> ascb-L[c] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Bianchi J, Rose RC#TITLE:Dehydroascorbic acid and cell membranes: possible disruptive effects#JOURNAL:Toxicology#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:3715892# AUTHORS:Wilson JX#TITLE:Regulation of Vitamin C Transport#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15705056# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-ascorbate transport via facilitated diffusion
type: Reaction

746527
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GQ1c (homo sapiens)_C88H143N6O54FULLRCO
type: Species

755765
product: 657271
reactant: 657259
notes: Abbreviation: R_HAtly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: ha[e] --> ha[l] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: hyaluronan transport, extracellular to lysosome
type: Reaction

754279
product: 621888
reversible: false
type: Reaction
product: 621864
reactant: 621852
name: noradrenaline N-methyltransferase
fast: false
reactant: 621840
product: 621876
notes: Abbreviation: R_NORANMT Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.1.1.28 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : amet + nrpphr --> adrnl + ahcys + h Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_5409#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PNMT#ECNUMBERS:2.1.1.28# proteins: NAME:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Pnmt.1# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5409.1)

595487
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747243
type: SpeciesReference

621507
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744984
type: SpeciesReference

756588
product: 676723
reactant: 676711
reactant: 676699
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2CO3Dm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Miscellaneous Equation: [m] : co2 + h2o <==> h2co3 Confidence Level: 4 tv genes: LOCUS:_11238#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CA5B# LOCUS:_763#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CA5A#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.1# proteins: NAME:Carbonic anhydrase VA(liver), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Ca5a.1-m# NAME:Carbonic anhydrase VB, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Ca5b.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Shah GN, Hewett-Emmett D, Grubb JH, Migas MC, Fleming RE, Waheed A, Sly WS.#TITLE:Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase CA VB: differences in tissue distribution and pattern of evolution from those of CA VA suggest distinct physiological roles.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10677517# GENE ASSOCIATION: (763.1) or (11238.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: carboxylic acid dissociation
type: Reaction

747631
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: de-Fuc, reducing GlcNAc removed, de-Sia, de-Gal form of PA6 (w/o peptide linkage)_C42H71N3O31
type: Species

687287
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744552
type: SpeciesReference

518975
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748097
type: SpeciesReference

613784
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746403
type: SpeciesReference

746683
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
type: Species

658662
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748683
type: SpeciesReference

619745
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

555939
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746082
type: SpeciesReference

604570
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745012
type: SpeciesReference

553207
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745656
type: SpeciesReference

667225
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

604291
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697
type: SpeciesReference

745382
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P
type: Species

671554
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

539486
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744182
type: SpeciesReference

656693
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

638291
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746276
type: SpeciesReference

756636
product: 677903
reactant: 677891
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADNtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: adn[c] <==> adn[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_2030#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a1.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Lai Y, Tse CM, Unadkat JD.#TITLE:Mitochondrial expression of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) results in enhanced mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14607828# AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Ward JL, Sherali A, Mo ZP, Tse CM.#TITLE:Kinetic and pharmacological properties of cloned human equilibrative nucleoside transporters, ENT1 and ENT2, stably expressed in nucleoside transporter-deficient PK15 cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10722669# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2030.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: adenosine facilated transport in mitochondria
type: Reaction

652612
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748565
type: SpeciesReference

659253
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748697
type: SpeciesReference

755665
fast: false
reactant: 654940
reactant: 654928
product: 654952
product: 654976
product: 654964
notes: Abbreviation: R_34DHXMANDACOX_LPAREN_NADP_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.5 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : 34dhmald + h2o + nadp <==> 34dhoxmand + (2) h + nadph Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_221#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_222#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Sladek NE#TITLE:Human aldehyde dehydrogenases: potential pathological, pharmacological, and toxicological impact#JOURNAL:J Biochem Mol Toxicol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12616643# AUTHORS:Kawamura M, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ, Kador PF, Lee YS, Tsai JY, Fujisawa S, Lizak MJ, Sinz A, Sato S#TITLE:Aldose reductase, a key enzyme in the oxidative deamination of norepinephrine in rats#JOURNAL:Biochem Pharmacol#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10424772# GENE ASSOCIATION: (221.1) or (222.1)
name: _3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase
type: Reaction
reactant: 654916
reversible: true

747919
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: phosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H5O4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

597327
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

596079
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

581609
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749563
type: SpeciesReference

680166
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746092
type: SpeciesReference

660146
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745520
type: SpeciesReference

752703
product: 584323
reactant: 584311
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_gln_DASH_L_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : gln-L <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-Glutamine exchange
type: Reaction

752817
name: uronyl 2-sulfotransferase, Golgi
reactant: 587143
product: 587191
notes: Abbreviation: R_S2T4g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : hs_pre11 + (2) paps --> (2) h + hs_pre12 + (2) pap Confidence Level: 4 EC 2.8.2- NCD genes: LOCUS:_9653#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS2ST1# proteins: NAME:heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs2st1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Kobayashi M, Sugumaran G, Liu J, Shworak NW, Silbert JE, Rosenberg RD#TITLE:Molecular cloning and characterization of a human uronyl 2-sulfotransferase that sulfates iduronyl and glucuronyl residues in dermatan/chondroitin sulfate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10187838# AUTHORS:Sugahara K, Kitagawa H#TITLE:Heparin and heparan sulfate biosynthesis#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512855# AUTHORS:Rong J, Habuchi H, Kimata K, Lindahl U, Kusche-Gullberg M#TITLE:Expression of heparan sulphate L-iduronyl 2-O-sulphotransferase in human kidney 293 cells results in increased D-glucuronyl 2-O-sulphation#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10677367# AUTHORS:Seki N, Ohira M, Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Nakajima D, Nomura N, Ohara O#TITLE:Characterization of cDNA clones in size-fractionated cDNA libraries from human brain.#JOURNAL:DNA Res#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9455484# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9653.1)
reversible: false
reactant: 587155
product: 587179
product: 587167
type: Reaction
fast: false

605939
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748885
type: SpeciesReference

676518
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746122
type: SpeciesReference

586495
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

603882
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745686
type: SpeciesReference

554836
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746939
type: SpeciesReference

744900
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkyl 2-acylglycerol 3-phosphate_C5H9O6PFULLRFULLR2CO
type: Species

690790
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744902
type: SpeciesReference

594466
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745206
type: SpeciesReference

528715
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744350
type: SpeciesReference

691892
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748333
type: SpeciesReference

642615
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746355
type: SpeciesReference

753541
product: 603882
product: 603870
reactant: 603858
reactant: 603846
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt12m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: adp[m] + dadp[c] --> adp[c] + dadp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dADP transport via ADP antiport
type: Reaction

604413
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746280
type: SpeciesReference

543701
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748321
type: SpeciesReference

745384
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P
type: Species

600222
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

616440
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747023
type: SpeciesReference

534849
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

756638
product: 677927
reactant: 677915
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: glc-D[c] <==> glc-D[g] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6513#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC2A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Slc2a1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Haney PM#TITLE:Glucose transport in lactation#JOURNAL:Adv Exp Med Biol#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15384581# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6513.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glucose transport, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

623395
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

686140
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 748879
type: SpeciesReference

757228
reactant: 692134
product: 692170
reversible: false
name: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (ADP)
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 692146
reactant: 692122
notes: Abbreviation: R_RNDR1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.17.4.1 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : adp + trdrd --> dadp + h2o + trdox Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_6241#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RRM2#ECNUMBERS:1.17.4.1# LOCUS:_6240#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RRM1#ECNUMBERS:1.7.14.1# proteins: NAME:ribonucleotide reductase #ABBREVIATION:Rrm12.1# citations: AUTHORS:Shao J, Zhou B, Zhu L, Qiu W, Yuan YC, Xi B, Yen Y.#TITLE: In vitro characterization of enzymatic properties and inhibition of the p53R2 subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase. #JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14729598# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6240.1 and 6241.1)
product: 692158

689422
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747565
type: SpeciesReference

599440
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744004
type: SpeciesReference

564364
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746450
type: SpeciesReference

747917
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: phosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H5O4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

755667
product: 655000
reactant: 654988
notes: Abbreviation: R_WHTSTSTERONEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: whtststerone[c] <==> whtststerone[e] Confidence Level: 1 details of metabolism, etc are unknown - allwoed to be exported presently - unknown mechanism NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: omega hydroxy testosterone transport
type: Reaction

676073
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748455
type: SpeciesReference

746649
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Bicarbonate_CHO3
type: Species

628636
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

754097
product: 617636
reactant: 617624
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: acac[c] <==> acac[x] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acetoacetate intracellular transport unknown mechanism
type: Reaction

579591
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

615606
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748651
type: SpeciesReference

752701
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase, mitochondrial
product: 584299
reactant: 584275
notes: Abbreviation: R_CBLATm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.5.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin B12 Metabolism Equation: [m] : atp + cbl1 + h <==> adocbl + pppi Confidence Level: 4 JLR (EC 2.5.1.17) IT genes: LOCUS:_166785#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MMAA# proteins: NAME:methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) type A #ABBREVIATION:Mmaa1.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Seetharam B, Alpers DH.#TITLE:Absorption and transport of cobalamin (vitamin B12).#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6313022# AUTHORS:Carmel R, Green R, Rosenblatt DS, Watkins D.#TITLE:Update on cobalamin, folate, and homocysteine.#JOURNAL:Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program).#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14633777# AUTHORS:Dobson CM, Wai T, Leclerc D, Wilson A, Wu X, Dore C, Hudson T, Rosenblatt DS, Gravel RA.#TITLE:Identification of the gene responsible for the cblA complementation group of vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia based on analysis of prokaryotic gene arrangements. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12438653# GENE ASSOCIATION: (166785.1)
product: 584287
reactant: 584251
type: Reaction
reactant: 584263

587263
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747433
type: SpeciesReference

749441
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: disialyl-T antigen_C36H56N3O26X
type: Species

668601
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747749
type: SpeciesReference

754099
product: 617684
product: 617672
reactant: 617660
reactant: 617648
notes: Abbreviation: R_ENMAN4g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : g1m7masnC + h2o --> glc1man + m6masnC Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Spiro RG#TITLE:Glucose residues as key determinants in the biosynthesis and quality control of glycoproteins with N-linked oligosaccharides.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11007802# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Endomannosidase (m6masnC-producing), Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

691519
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748819
type: SpeciesReference

745270
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: CDP_C9H12N3O11P2
type: Species

523193
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745690
type: SpeciesReference

590069
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744474
type: SpeciesReference

744902
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkyl 2-acylglycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine_C7H16O5NPFULLRFULLR2CO
type: Species

659361
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746218
type: SpeciesReference

673121
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748157
type: SpeciesReference

577261
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744638
type: SpeciesReference

752815
product: 587131
product: 587119
reactant: 587107
reactant: 587095
notes: Abbreviation: R_C161CPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + hdcoa --> coa + hdcecrn Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.3) or (1375.4) or (126129.1) or (1374.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
type: Reaction

556747
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747215
type: SpeciesReference

537515
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746649
type: SpeciesReference

677302
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 744926
type: SpeciesReference

614859
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743940
type: SpeciesReference

757226
product: 692098
name: deoxycytidine deaminase
reactant: 692074
reactant: 692086
reversible: false
product: 692110
notes: Abbreviation: R_DCYTD Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Catabolism Equation: [c] : dcyt + h + h2o --> duri + nh4 Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_978#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CDA#ECNUMBERS:3.5.4.5# LOCUS:_57379#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AICDA# proteins: NAME:cytidine deaminase #ABBREVIATION:Cda.1# NAME:activation-induced cytidine deaminase #ABBREVIATION:Aicda.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kuhn K, Bertling WM, Emmrich F.#TITLE:Cloning of a functional cDNA for human cytidine deaminase (CDD) and its use as a marker of monocyte/macrophage differentiation.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8422236# AUTHORS:Saccone S, Besati C, Andreozzi L, Della Valle G, Garattini E, Terao M.#TITLE:Assignment of the human cytidine deaminase (CDA) gene to chromosome 1 band p35-p36.2.#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8001985# AUTHORS:Laliberte J, Momparler RL.#TITLE:Human cytidine deaminase: purification of enzyme, cloning, and expression of its complementary DNA.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7923172# AUTHORS:Ge Y, Jensen TL, Stout ML, Flatley RM, Grohar PJ, Ravindranath Y, Matherly LH, Taub JW. #TITLE:The role of cytidine deaminase and GATA1 mutations in the increased cytosine arabinoside sensitivity of Down syndrome myeloblasts and leukemia cell lines.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14744791# AUTHORS:Brar SS, Watson M, Diaz M.#TITLE:Activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) is actively exported out of the nucleus but retained by the induction of DNA breaks.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15087440# GENE ASSOCIATION: (978.1) or (57379.1)
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 692062

569132
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652
type: SpeciesReference

600853
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099
type: SpeciesReference

749339
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: cAMP_C10H11N5O6P
type: Species

756850
product: 682733
reactant: 682721
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_o2_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : o2 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: O2 exchange
type: Reaction

664477
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

694414
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748627
type: SpeciesReference

628408
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746677
type: SpeciesReference

655493
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747219
type: SpeciesReference

749443
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dTTP_C10H13N2O14P3
type: Species

651504
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746685
type: SpeciesReference

754095
product: 617612
product: 617600
reactant: 617588
reactant: 617576
notes: Abbreviation: R_UGT1A6r Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : estradiol + udpglcur --> estradiolglc + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_54575#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT1A10# LOCUS:_54576#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UGT1A8# proteins: NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A10#ABBREVIATION:Ugt1a10.1# NAME:UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A8#ABBREVIATION:Ugt1a8.1# citations: AUTHORS:Basu NK, Kubota S, Meselhy MR, Ciotti M, Chowdhury B, Hartori M, Owens IS.#TITLE:Free Full Text Gastrointestinally distributed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10, which metabolizes estrogens and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, depends upon phosphorylation.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15117964# AUTHORS:Mackenzie PI, Owens IS, Burchell B, Bock KW, Bairoch A, Belanger A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Green M, Hum DW, Iyanagi T, Lancet D, Louisot P, Magdalou J, Chowdhury JR, Ritter JK, Schachter H, Tephly TR, Tipton KF, Nebert DW.#TITLE:The UDP glycosyltransferase gene superfamily: recommended nomenclature update based on evolutionary divergence.#JOURNAL:Pharmacogenetics#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9295054# GENE ASSOCIATION: (54575.1) or (54576.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 precursor, microsomal
type: Reaction

746647
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Bicarbonate_CHO3
type: Species

747915
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: phosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H5O4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

755151
product: 643105
reactant: 643093
notes: Abbreviation: R_LYStiDF Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: lys-L[e] --> lys-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_84889#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A3# LOCUS:_6542#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A2# LOCUS:_6541#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A1# LOCUS:_55089#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC38A4# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 38, member 4#ABBREVIATION:Slc38a4.1# NAME:solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc7a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc7a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc7a3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Gu S, Adan-Rice D, Leach RJ, Jiang JX#TITLE:A novel human amino acid transporter, hNAT3: cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, genomic structure, expression, and functional characterization#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11414754# AUTHORS:Hatanaka T, Huang W, Ling R, Prasad PD, Sugawara M, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V#TITLE:Evidence for the transport of neutral as well as cationic amino acids by ATA3, a novel and liver-specific subtype of amino acid transport system A#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11342143# AUTHORS:Albritton LM, Bowcock AM, Eddy RL, Morton CC, Tseng L, Farrer LA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Shows TB, Cunningham JM#TITLE:The human cationic amino acid transporter (ATRC1): physical and genetic mapping to 13q12-q14#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1348489# AUTHORS:Cariappa R, Heath-Monnig E, Furesz TC, Kamath SG, Smith CH#TITLE:Stable polarized expression of hCAT-1 in an epithelial cell line#JOURNAL:J Membr Biol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11891586# AUTHORS:Hoshide R, Ikeda Y, Karashima S, Matsuura T, Komaki S, Kishino T, Niikawa N, Endo F, Matsuda I#TITLE:Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of human cationic amino acid transporter 2 (HCAT2)#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8954799# AUTHORS:Furesz TC, Moe…
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-lysine transport via diffusion (extracellular to cytosol)
type: Reaction

755661
product: 654843
reactant: 654831
notes: Abbreviation: R_RETNGLCt2r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: _13-cis-retnglc[r] --> 13-cis-retnglc[c] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Barua AB, Sidell N.#TITLE:Retinoyl beta-glucuronide: a biologically active interesting retinoid.#JOURNAL:J Nutr.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14704335# AUTHORS:Tang GW, Russell RM.#TITLE:_13-cis-retinoic acid is an endogenous compound in human serum.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res.#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2324641# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: retinoyl glucuronide efflux (13-cis) from ER
type: Reaction

686599
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748999
type: SpeciesReference

565087
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

640335
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748303
type: SpeciesReference

637051
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745464
type: SpeciesReference

535903
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746327
type: SpeciesReference

756516
product: 674993
reactant: 674980
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_h2o_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : h2o <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: H2O exchange
type: Reaction

612195
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746328
type: SpeciesReference

660882
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

745386
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P
type: Species

522380
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

532180
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745606
type: SpeciesReference

591721
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746316
type: SpeciesReference

650550
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

624843
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747813
type: SpeciesReference

746753
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Hydroxypyruvate_C3H3O4
type: Species

625927
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

650405
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

696281
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

693872
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

755886
product: 660472
reactant: 660460
notes: Abbreviation: R_RTOT6 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: [c] : R6coa_hs --> Rtotalcoa Confidence Level: 0 User defined, tissue specific fluxes that can be customized w/ various ratios of R1 through R6 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R total flux
type: Reaction

753545
type: Reaction
reactant: 603930
product: 603966
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 603954
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPRn Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.153 SUBSYSTEM: Tetrahydrobiopterin Equation: [n] : 6pthp + (2) h + (2) nadph --> (2) nadp + thbpt Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_6697#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SPR#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.153# proteins: NAME:sepiapterin reductase (7,8-dihydrobiopterin:NADP+ oxidoreductase) #ABBREVIATION:Spr1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Thony B, Auerbach G, Blau N.#TITLE:Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, regeneration and functions.#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10727395# AUTHORS:Elzaouk L, Laufs S, Heerklotz D, Leimbacher W, Blau N, Resibois A, Thony B.#TITLE:Nuclear localization of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic enzymes.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14729142# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6697.1)
reactant: 603918
reactant: 603942
name: sepiapterin reductase, nuclear

757224
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_HEX10 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Aminosugar Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + gam --> adp + gam6p + h Confidence Level: 1 D-Glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, sorbitol and D-glucosamine can act as acceptors; ITP and dATP can act as donors. The liver isoenzyme has sometimes been called glucokinase. genes: LOCUS:_3098#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HK1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.1# LOCUS:_3101#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HK3#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.1# LOCUS:_3099#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HK2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.1# LOCUS:_2645#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GCK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.1# LOCUS:_80201#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FLJ22761# LOCUS:_3098#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:HK1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.1# LOCUS:_3098#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:HK1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.1# LOCUS:_3098#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:HK1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.1# LOCUS:_3098#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:HK1#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.1# LOCUS:_2645#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GCK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.1# LOCUS:_2645#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:GCK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.1# proteins: NAME:glucokinase (hexokinase 4) (pancreatic beta islet)#ABBREVIATION:Gck.1# NAME:glucokinase (hexokinase 4) (major liver isoform)#ABBREVIATION:Gck.2# NAME:glucokinase (hexokinase 4) (minor liver isoform)#ABBREVIATION:Gck.3# NAME:hexokinase 1 (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Hk1.1# NAME:hexokinase 1 (erythrocyte)#ABBREVIATION:Hk1.2# NAME:hexokinase 1 (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Hk1.3# NAME:hexokinase 1 (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Hk1.4# NAME:hexokinase 1 (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Hk1.5# NAME:hexokinase 2 (sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Hk2.1# NAME:hexokinase 3 (liver, lung, placenta)#ABBREVIATION:Hk3.1# NAME:hypothetical protein FLJ22761#ABBREVIATION:Flj22761.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (2645.1) or (3099.1) or (3098.3) or (2645.2) or (80201.1) or (3098.2) or (2645.3) or (3098.1) or (3098.4) or (3101.1) or (3098.5)
reactant: 692013
product: 692038
product: 692050
product: 692026
reversible: false
type: Reaction
name: hexokinase (D-glucosamine:ATP)
reactant: 692001

566005
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748231
type: SpeciesReference

532398
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

656542
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745018
type: SpeciesReference

667502
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

591433
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744704
type: SpeciesReference

672614
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 745396
type: SpeciesReference

756852
product: 682757
reactant: 682745
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADPRIBt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: adprib[e] --> adprib[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_952#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CD38# proteins: NAME:cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase#ABBREVIATION:Cadph.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kim UH, Han MK, Park BH, Kim HR, An NH.#TITLE:Function of NAD glycohydrolase in ADP-ribose uptake from NAD by human erythrocytes.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta.#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8394137# GENE ASSOCIATION: (952.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: ADPribose transport
type: Reaction

679604
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

519987
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

655565
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748253
type: SpeciesReference

682817
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747449
type: SpeciesReference

567856
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743942
type: SpeciesReference

746645
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: hyaluronan biosynthesis, precursor 1_C14H20NO11
type: Species

677181
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744940
type: SpeciesReference

681321
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

754093
product: 617564
product: 617552
reactant: 617540
reactant: 617528
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCAASE9ly Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.2.1.31 SUBSYSTEM: Hyaluronan Metabolism Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + ha_pre1 --> acgam + glcur Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2990#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUSB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.31# proteins: NAME:glucuronidase, beta, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gusb.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Guise KS, Korneluk RG, Waye J, Lamhonwah AM, Quan F, Palmer R, Ganschow RE, Sly WS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Isolation and expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA clone encoding human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3924735# AUTHORS:Ho YC, Ho LH, Ho KJ#TITLE:Human hepatic beta-glucuronidase: an enzyme kinetic study#JOURNAL:Enzyme#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3987656# AUTHORS:Oshima A, Kyle JW, Miller RD, Hoffmann JW, Powell PP, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Tropak M, Guise KS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3468507# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2990.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-glucuronidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

691122
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744882
type: SpeciesReference

603762
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

548470
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746449
type: SpeciesReference

555696
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

624239
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746026
type: SpeciesReference

556627
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747303
type: SpeciesReference

747913
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: phosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H5O4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

755153
name: Iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase 4
notes: Abbreviation: R_IDHPOXOX4 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.11.1.8 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : (2) 35diotyr + h2o2 --> 2amac + (2) h2o + thyox-L Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_7173#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TPO#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# LOCUS:_7173#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:TPO#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# LOCUS:_7173#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:TPO#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# LOCUS:_7173#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:TPO#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# LOCUS:_7173#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:TPO#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.7# proteins: NAME:thyroid peroxidase#ABBREVIATION:Tpo.1# NAME:thyroid peroxidase#ABBREVIATION:Tpo.2# NAME:thyroid peroxidase#ABBREVIATION:Tpo.3# NAME:thyroid peroxidase#ABBREVIATION:Tpo.4# NAME:thyroid peroxidase#ABBREVIATION:Tpo.5# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E #TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 1#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Nakamura M, Yamazaki I, Kotani T, Ohtaki S#TITLE:Thyroid peroxidase selects the mechanism of either 1- or 2-electron oxidation of phenols, depending on their substituents#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2997169# AUTHORS:Kimura S, Kotani T, McBride OW, Umeki K, Hirai K, Nakayama T, Ohtaki S#TITLE:Human thyroid peroxidase: complete cDNA and protein sequence, chromosome mapping, and identification of two alternately spliced mRNAs#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3475693# AUTHORS:Magnusson RP, Chazenbalk GD, Gestautas J, Seto P, Filetti S, DeGroot LJ, Rapoport B. #TITLE:Molecular cloning of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for human thyroid peroxidase.#JOURNAL:Mol Endocrinol#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3153466# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7173.4) or (7173.1) or (7173.3) or (7173.2) or (7173.5)
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 643141
reactant: 643117
fast: false
reactant: 643129
product: 643165
product: 643153

755663
reactant: 654867
reactant: 654855
reactant: 654880
name: glycine-cleavage complex (lipoamide), mitochondrial
reversible: true
product: 654904
notes: Abbreviation: R_GCC2am Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.4.2 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [m] : gly + h + lpam <==> alpam + co2 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2731#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLDC#ECNUMBERS:1.4.4.2# LOCUS:_275#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AMT#ECNUMBERS:2.1.2.10# LOCUS:_1738#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DLD#ECNUMBERS:1.8.1.4# LOCUS:_2653#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GCSH# proteins: NAME:glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating; glycine decarboxylase, glycine cleavage system protein P), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Gldc.1-m# NAME:aminomethyltransferase (glycine cleavage system protein T), mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Amt.1-m# NAME:glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier) #ABBREVIATION:Gcsh.1-m# NAME:dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Dld.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Lee HH, Kim do J, Ahn HJ, Ha JY, Suh SW.#TITLE:Crystal structure of T-protein of the glycine cleavage system. Cofactor binding, insights into H-protein recognition, and molecular basis for understanding nonketotic hyperglycinemia.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15355973# GENE ASSOCIATION: (275.1) and (1738.1) and (2731.1) and (2653.1)
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 654892

686020
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

528999
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745814
type: SpeciesReference

749445
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Deoxyuridine_C9H12N2O5
type: Species

617684
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747427
type: SpeciesReference

678700
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746263
type: SpeciesReference

756518
product: 675017
reactant: 675005
notes: Abbreviation: R_NMNtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: nmn[c] <==> nmn[n] Confidence Level: 2 it genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: NMN transport, nuclear trhough pore
type: Reaction

535210
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746633
type: SpeciesReference

609155
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744458
type: SpeciesReference

752819
product: 587215
reactant: 587203
notes: Abbreviation: R_DMHPTCRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: dmhptcrn[c] <==> dmhptcrn[m] Confidence Level: 1 dmhptcoa is 'special' because its biochemical fat isn't known NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl crn transport
type: Reaction

539693
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748019
type: SpeciesReference

677024
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746249
type: SpeciesReference

755888
product: 660497
reactant: 660485
notes: Abbreviation: R_CRTSTRNtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: crtstrn[c] <==> crtstrn[m] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: corticosterone intracellular transport
type: Reaction

753543
product: 603906
reactant: 603894
notes: Abbreviation: R_NRPPHRtu Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: nrpphr[e] <==> nrpphr[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB electrogenic, Na indepdendent & rev NJ genes: LOCUS:_6582#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A2# LOCUS:_6582#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A2# LOCUS:_6581#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a2.2# NAME:solute carrier family 22 (extraneuronal monoamine transporter), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Koepsell H, Endou H#TITLE:The SLC22 drug transporter family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12883891# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6582.1) or (6581.1) or (6582.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Norepinephrine uniport
type: Reaction

746751
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hydroxypyruvate_C3H3O4
type: Species

745388
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P
type: Species

531308
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

680052
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749623
type: SpeciesReference

745870
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate_C19H27O5S
type: Species

744488
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-2-Aminoadipate_C6H10NO4
type: Species

634148
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434
type: SpeciesReference

560977
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744542
type: SpeciesReference

693764
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396
type: SpeciesReference

745278
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: CDP diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C12H17N3O11P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

573224
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746617
type: SpeciesReference

746643
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hyaluronan biosynthesis, precursor 1_C14H20NO11
type: Species

754091
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADPGLC Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : adpglc + h2o --> amp + g1p + (2) h Confidence Level: 4 Based on Yang et al, JBC, 2000, 275, 8844-8853 genes: LOCUS:_11164#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NUDT5# proteins: NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 5 #ABBREVIATION:NudT5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yang H, Slupska MM, Wei YF, Tai JH, Luther WM, Xia YR, Shih DM, Chiang JH, Baikalov C, Fitz-Gibbon S, Phan IT, Conrad A, Miller JH.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of a new member of the Nudix hydrolases from human and mouse.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10722730# AUTHORS:Ishibashi T, Hayakawa H, Sekiguchi M.#TITLE:A novel mechanism for preventing mutations caused by oxidation of guanine nucleotides.#JOURNAL:EMBO Rep.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12717453# AUTHORS:Gasmi L, Cartwright JL, McLennan AG. #TITLE:Cloning, expression and characterization of YSA1H, a human adenosine 5'-diphosphosugar pyrophosphatase possessing a MutT motif.#JOURNAL:Biochem J.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10567213# GENE ASSOCIATION: (11164.1)
type: Reaction
product: 617504
reversible: false
reactant: 617468
reactant: 617480
fast: false
product: 617516
product: 617492
name: ADPglucose diphosphatase

658892
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

753477
product: 602551
product: 602538
reactant: 602525
reactant: 602513
notes: Abbreviation: R_CLOHtex2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) cl[e] + oh1[c] --> (2) cl[c] + oh1[e] Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_65010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A6# LOCUS:_65010#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A6# LOCUS:_65010#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A6# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a6.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a6.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a6.3# citations: AUTHORS:Mount DB, Romero MF#TITLE:The SLC26 gene family of multifunctional anion exchangers#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12759755# GENE ASSOCIATION: (65010.1) or (65010.3) or (65010.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: chloride transport via hydroxide countertransport (2:1)
type: Reaction

537401
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746773
type: SpeciesReference

609792
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744264
type: SpeciesReference

640443
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746040
type: SpeciesReference

549993
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747823
type: SpeciesReference

571165
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746933
type: SpeciesReference

748203
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: D-Proline_C5H9NO2
type: Species

661529
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

582767
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

749335
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Benzoate_C7H5O2
type: Species

756406
product: 672433
reactant: 672421
notes: Abbreviation: R_HDCEAtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: hdcea[e] <==> hdcea[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

756136
product: 666063
reactant: 666050
notes: Abbreviation: R_KSIt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ksi[g] --> ksi[e] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: keratan sulfate I transport, golgi to extracellular
type: Reaction

660990
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746412
type: SpeciesReference

754293
product: 622359
product: 622347
reactant: 622335
reactant: 622322
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYSTSERex Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: Lcystin[e] + ser-L[c] --> Lcystin[c] + ser-L[e] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see PMID 14770310 genes: LOCUS:_6519#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC3A1# LOCUS:_11136#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A9# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family (amino acid transporter), extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc3a1/7a9-e# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (6519.1 and 11136.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-cystine/glycine exchanger (cystine in)
type: Reaction

533013
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

748891
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: UDP-D-glucuronate_C15H19N2O18P2
type: Species

569023
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745536
type: SpeciesReference

753549
product: 604075
product: 604063
reactant: 604050
reactant: 604038
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: atp[m] + datp[c] --> atp[c] + datp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dATP transport via ATP antiport
type: Reaction

563810
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

747805
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: O2_O2
type: Species

755041
product: 640419
reactant: 640407
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCACNGAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: fucacngal14acglcgalgluside_hs[e] <==> fucacngal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

615714
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

745872
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _7,8-Dihydrofolate_C19H19N7O6
type: Species

635544
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

749333
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-tocopherol_C28H48O2
type: Species

746757
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4 hydroxy retinoic acid_C20H27O3
type: Species

688350
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748917
type: SpeciesReference

598763
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

756960
product: 685576
product: 685564
reactant: 685552
reactant: 685540
notes: Abbreviation: R_PGL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.1.31 SUBSYSTEM: Pentose Phosphate Pathway Equation: [c] : 6pgl + h2o --> 6pgc + h Confidence Level: 0 SMP Net reaction same as described in Lehringer 334 genes: LOCUS:_25796#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PGLS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.1.31# proteins: NAME:_6-phosphogluconolactonase#ABBREVIATION:Pgls.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (25796.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _6-phosphogluconolactonase
type: Reaction

584299
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748163
type: SpeciesReference

670880
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744810
type: SpeciesReference

672722
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

749447
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _8,9 epxoy aflatoxin B1_C17H12O7
type: Species

612086
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747305
type: SpeciesReference

677458
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747905
type: SpeciesReference

750673
product: 536025
reactant: 536013
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_hom_DASH_L_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : hom-L <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-Homoserine exchange
type: Reaction

696885
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747333
type: SpeciesReference

696173
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745504
type: SpeciesReference

664369
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743928
type: SpeciesReference

600963
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748413
type: SpeciesReference

595133
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

663814
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

556518
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747583
type: SpeciesReference

753475
product: 602501
product: 602489
reactant: 602477
reactant: 602465
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCAASE1ly Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.2.1.31 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg9 --> glcur + hs_deg10 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2990#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GUSB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.31# proteins: NAME:glucuronidase, beta, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gusb.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Guise KS, Korneluk RG, Waye J, Lamhonwah AM, Quan F, Palmer R, Ganschow RE, Sly WS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Isolation and expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA clone encoding human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3924735# AUTHORS:Ho YC, Ho LH, Ho KJ#TITLE:Human hepatic beta-glucuronidase: an enzyme kinetic study#JOURNAL:Enzyme#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:3987656# AUTHORS:Oshima A, Kyle JW, Miller RD, Hoffmann JW, Powell PP, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Tropak M, Guise KS, Gravel RA#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-glucuronidase#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3468507# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2990.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-glucuronidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

596669
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747033
type: SpeciesReference

681212
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746340
type: SpeciesReference

690145
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745742
type: SpeciesReference

746641
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hyaluronan_C28H40N2O22
type: Species

557184
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746681
type: SpeciesReference

538750
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

749337
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Calcium_Ca
type: Species

521424
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

756408
product: 672481
product: 672469
reactant: 672457
reactant: 672445
notes: Abbreviation: R_AGMTm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.3.11 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [m] : agm + h2o --> ptrc + urea Confidence Level: 4 SAB m genes: LOCUS:_79814#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AGMAT# proteins: NAME:agmatine ureohydrolase (agmatinase)#ABBREVIATION:Agmat.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Mistry SK, Burwell TJ, Chambers RM, Rudolph-Owen L, Spaltmann F, Cook WJ, Morris SM Jr.#TITLE:Cloning of human agmatinase. An alternate path for polyamine synthesis induced in liver by hepatitis B virus.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11804860# AUTHORS:Iyer RK, Kim HK, Tsoa RW, Grody WW, Cederbaum SD.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of human agmatinase.#JOURNAL:Mol Genet Metab#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11914032# AUTHORS:Morris SM Jr.#TITLE:Vertebrate agmatinases: what role do they play in agmatine catabolism?#JOURNAL:Ann N Y Acad Sci#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:15028567# AUTHORS:Morris SM Jr#TITLE:Enzymes of arginine metabolism#JOURNAL:J Nutr#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15465778# GENE ASSOCIATION: (79814.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: agmatinase (m)
type: Reaction

647296
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

752709
product: 584456
product: 584444
reactant: 584432
reactant: 584420
notes: Abbreviation: R_3SALACBOXL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.15 SUBSYSTEM: Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism Equation: [c] : 3sala + h --> co2 + hyptaur Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_2572#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GAD2#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# LOCUS:_2571#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GAD1#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# LOCUS:_51380#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CSAD# LOCUS:_2571#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GAD1#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# proteins: NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad1.1# NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad1.2# NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad2.1# NAME:cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Csad.1# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51380.1) or (2571.1) or (2572.1) or (2571.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3-Sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase
type: Reaction

755045
product: 640491
reactant: 640467
reversible: false
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_PMI12346PH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.1.52 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + ppmi12346p --> h + minohp + pi Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_9807#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:IHPK1# LOCUS:_117283#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:IHPK3# LOCUS:_9807#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:IHPK1# proteins: NAME:inositol hexaphosphate kinase 1#ABBREVIATION:Ihpk1.1# NAME:inositol hexaphosphate kinase 1#ABBREVIATION:Ihpk1.2# NAME:inositol hexaphosphate kinase 3#ABBREVIATION:Ihpk3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Saiardi A, Nagata E, Luo HR, Snowman AM, Snyder SH#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a novel inositol hexakisphosphate kinase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11502751# GENE ASSOCIATION: (117283.1) or (9807.2) or (9807.1)
type: Reaction
reactant: 640455
name: _5-diphosphoinositol-1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate diphosphohydrolase
product: 640503
product: 640479

756138
product: 666089
reactant: 666076
notes: Abbreviation: R_TCYNTtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: tcynt[m] --> tcynt[c] Confidence Level: 2 thiocyanate is found excreted in urine (PMID: 6351723) MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Cooper AJ#TITLE:Biochemistry of sulfur-containing amino acids.#YEAR:1983#PUBMED:6351723# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Thiocyanate transport via diffusion (mitochondrial)
type: Reaction

754291
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_CDSm Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.7.7.41 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [m] : ctp + h + pa_hs --> cdpdag_hs + ppi Confidence Level: 4 inner mitochondrial membrane NJ genes: LOCUS:_8760#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CDS2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.41# proteins: NAME:CDP-diacylglycerol synthase#ABBREVIATION:Cds2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Kent C#TITLE:Eukaryotic phospholipid biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Halford S, Dulai KS, Daw SC, Fitzgibbon J, Hunt DM#TITLE:Isolation and chromosomal localization of two human cdp-diacylglycerol synthase genes#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Weeks R, Dowhan W, Shen H, Balantac N, Meengs B, Nudelman E, Leung DW#TITLE:Isolation and expression of an isoform of human CDP-diacylglycerol synthease cDNA#JOURNAL:DNA Cell Biol#YEAR:1997# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8760.1)
product: 622310
reactant: 622262
name: phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase
product: 622298
reversible: false
reactant: 622286
fast: false
reactant: 622274

598617
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744714
type: SpeciesReference

678227
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

528889
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

542552
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652
type: SpeciesReference

531417
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747055
type: SpeciesReference

624349
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

555588
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

564785
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

697019
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745658
type: SpeciesReference

753547
reactant: 603990
type: Reaction
fast: false
name: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II)
product: 604026
notes: Abbreviation: R_SMPD3l Synonyms: _4 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [l] : h2o + sphmyln_hs --> cholp + crm_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_55512#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SMPD3# LOCUS:_55512#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SMPD3# proteins: NAME:sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) #ABBREVIATION:Smpd3.1# NAME:sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) #ABBREVIATION:Smpd3.2# citations: AUTHORS:Hofmann K, Tomiuk S, Wolff G, Stoffel W.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of the mammalian brain-specific, Mg2+-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10823942# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55512.1) or (55512.2)
reactant: 603978
product: 604014
reversible: false
product: 604002

747803
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: O2_O2
type: Species

755043
product: 640443
reactant: 640431
notes: Abbreviation: R_DTDPtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: dtdp[c] <==> dtdp[n] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dTDP nuclear transport
type: Reaction

660206
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

595291
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746949
type: SpeciesReference

748893
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: UDP-D-glucuronate_C15H19N2O18P2
type: Species

745874
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _7,8-Dihydrofolate_C19H19N7O6
type: Species

592807
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

613482
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745226
type: SpeciesReference

746755
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Hydroxypyruvate_C3H3O4
type: Species

748201
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: D-Proline_C5H9NO2
type: Species

519830
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746030
type: SpeciesReference

603654
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

746642
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: hyaluronan_C28H40N2O22
type: Species

652768
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

660351
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747877
type: SpeciesReference

691012
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748791
type: SpeciesReference

756962
reactant: 685600
type: Reaction
product: 685636
reactant: 685612
reversible: false
name: Pseudoecgonine CoA transferase (ER)
product: 685660
notes: Abbreviation: R_PECGONCOATr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Alkaloid biosynthesis II Equation: [r] : atp + coa + h + pecgon --> amp + pecgoncoa + ppi Confidence Level: 1 SAB EC 6.2.1.- name uncertain genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 685588
fast: false
reactant: 685624
product: 685648

689663
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

535367
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746008
type: SpeciesReference

682709
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748505
type: SpeciesReference

749449
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: ebastine_C32H39NO2
type: Species

671446
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746062
type: SpeciesReference

689518
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748889
type: SpeciesReference

637870
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

651105
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099
type: SpeciesReference

750675
product: 536073
product: 536061
reactant: 536049
reactant: 536037
notes: Abbreviation: R_METLEUex Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: leu-L[c] + met-L[e] --> leu-L[e] + met-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see PMID 14770310 genes: LOCUS:_6520#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC3A2# LOCUS:_8140#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 7 member 5/family 3 member 2 heterodimer#ABBREVIATION:Slc3a2/7a5# citations: AUTHORS:Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770310# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6520.1 and 8140.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Methionine/Leucine exchange (Met in)
type: Reaction

552049
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747865
type: SpeciesReference

627095
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

753473
product: 602453
product: 602441
reactant: 602428
reactant: 602416
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALAt2rL Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: ala-L[l] + h[l] <==> ala-L[c] + h[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD SAB lyso genes: LOCUS:_206358#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC36A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc36a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Sagne C, Agulhon C, Ravassard P, Darmon M, Hamon M, El Mestikawy S, Gasnier B, Giros B#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a lysosomal transporter for small neutral amino acids#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11390972# AUTHORS:Boll M, Foltz M, Rubio-Aliaga I, Kottra G, Daniel H#TITLE:Functional characterization of two novel mammalian electrogenic proton-dependent amino acid cotransporters#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11959859# GENE ASSOCIATION: (206358.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-alanine reversible transport via proton symport (lysosome)
type: Reaction

600162
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747739
type: SpeciesReference

526433
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749055
type: SpeciesReference

540901
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746619
type: SpeciesReference

585518
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

561617
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745352
type: SpeciesReference

661062
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747539
type: SpeciesReference

624541
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

534691
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749800
type: SpeciesReference

753699
product: 607734
reactant: 607722
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACGALFUCGALACGALFUCGALACGLCGAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: acgalfucgalacgalfucgalacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> acgalfucgalacgalfucgalacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

596188
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396
type: SpeciesReference

744484
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-2-Aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde_C6H11NO3
type: Species

750078
name: triokinase
reversible: false
product: 521823
reactant: 521810
notes: Abbreviation: R_TRIOK Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.7.1.28 SUBSYSTEM: Fructose and Mannose Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + glyald --> adp + g3p + h Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier D.R.#TITLE:Biochemistry, 3rd edition#YEAR:2005# GENE ASSOCIATION:
type: Reaction
product: 521835
fast: false
product: 521847
reactant: 521798

643021
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

748895
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: UDP-D-xylose_C14H20N2O16P2
type: Species

529673
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

752707
product: 584407
reactant: 584395
notes: Abbreviation: R_TCHOLAtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: tchola[x] <==> tchola[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however bile acids need to be secreted out of the cell NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: bile acid intracellular transport
type: Reaction

657925
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747803
type: SpeciesReference

591661
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746299
type: SpeciesReference

748207
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Proline_C5H9NO2
type: Species

689880
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746601
type: SpeciesReference

642506
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

644819
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744062
type: SpeciesReference

752813
product: 587083
product: 587071
reactant: 587059
reactant: 587047
notes: Abbreviation: R_UNK3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [c] : 2kmb + glu-L --> akg + met-L Confidence Level: 2 genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Myers RW, Abeles RH#TITLE:Conversion of 5-S-ethyl-5-thio-D-ribose to ethionine in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Basis for the selective toxicity of 5-S-ethyl-5-thio-D-ribose#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2543672# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate transamination
type: Reaction

564424
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

530955
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749103
type: SpeciesReference

661306
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747601
type: SpeciesReference

676627
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748665
type: SpeciesReference

529516
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744354
type: SpeciesReference

745876
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: _7,8-Dihydrofolate_C19H19N7O6
type: Species

624613
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

655120
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

612684
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

747809
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Superoxide anion_O2
type: Species

744482
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: protein-linked asparagine residue (N-glycosylation site)_XH
type: Species

756746
product: 680451
reactant: 680439
notes: Abbreviation: R_ECGISOr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Alkaloid biosynthesis II Equation: [r] : ecgon <==> pecgon Confidence Level: 1 SAB reaction name uncertain genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Ecgonine isomerase (ER)
type: Reaction

603990
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748513
type: SpeciesReference

651935
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

659578
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697
type: SpeciesReference

619855
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744642
type: SpeciesReference

634232
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

645913
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

745272
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: CDP_C9H12N3O11P2
type: Species

574870
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611
type: SpeciesReference

682937
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747613
type: SpeciesReference

638183
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

556857
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747889
type: SpeciesReference

673279
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

752705
reactant: 584347
fast: false
reactant: 584335
name: N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, lysosomal
type: Reaction
reversible: true
product: 584371
product: 584359
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE13ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.14 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg12 <==> h + ksi_deg13 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2799#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.14# proteins: NAME:glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (Sanfilippo disease IIID), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Robertson DA, Freeman C, Nelson PV, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human glucosamine-6-sulfatase cDNA reveals homology with steroid sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3196333# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Clements PR, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689314# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Catalytic properties#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689315# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2799.1)
product: 584383

745276
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CDP diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C12H17N3O11P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

753697
reversible: false
product: 607698
type: Reaction
product: 607710
reactant: 607662
product: 607686
notes: Abbreviation: R_AG13T18g Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 2.4.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksii_core4_pre7 + uacgam --> h + ksii_core4_pre8 + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_11041#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT6# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_284208#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNTL1# LOCUS:_93010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT7# LOCUS:_79369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT4# LOCUS:_374907#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT7# LOCUS:_10678#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT1# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt1.2-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 7, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt6.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like 1#ABBREVIATION:B3gntl1.1-g# NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt4.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 7#ABBREVIATION:B3galt7.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K#TITLE:Identification and characterization of three novel beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the beta 1,3-galactos…
reactant: 607674
name: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
fast: false

753471
product: 602379
notes: Abbreviation: R_RNDR4 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.17.4.1 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : trdrd + udp --> dudp + h2o + trdox Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_6241#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RRM2#ECNUMBERS:1.17.4.1# LOCUS:_6240#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RRM1#ECNUMBERS:1.7.14.1# proteins: NAME:ribonucleotide reductase #ABBREVIATION:Rrm12.1# citations: AUTHORS:Shao J, Zhou B, Zhu L, Qiu W, Yuan YC, Xi B, Yen Y.#TITLE: In vitro characterization of enzymatic properties and inhibition of the p53R2 subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase. #JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14729598# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6240.1 and 6241.1)
name: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (UDP)
reversible: false
product: 602404
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 602392
reactant: 602367
reactant: 602355

690036
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

744486
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-2-Aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde_C6H11NO3
type: Species

689313
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

655012
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745644
type: SpeciesReference

748897
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: UDP-D-xylose_C14H20N2O16P2
type: Species

627636
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745438
type: SpeciesReference

567743
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749635
type: SpeciesReference

747719
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Formylanthranilate_C8H6NO3
type: Species

748205
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Proline_C5H9NO2
type: Species

745380
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
type: Species

600379
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746565
type: SpeciesReference

587155
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747981
type: SpeciesReference

745878
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _7,8-Dihydrofolate_C19H19N7O6
type: Species

749331
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Butyrate (n-C4:0)_C4H7O2
type: Species

607566
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748891
type: SpeciesReference

752811
product: 587035
reactant: 587023
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETPENT6t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: tetpent6[e] <==> tetpent6[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

620916
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749115
type: SpeciesReference

747807
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Superoxide anion_O2
type: Species

672300
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748563
type: SpeciesReference

597217
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746008
type: SpeciesReference

746759
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: _4 hydroxy retinoic acid_C20H27O3
type: Species

681768
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744482
type: SpeciesReference

639105
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

652720
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

643177
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745484
type: SpeciesReference

756748
product: 680499
product: 680487
reactant: 680475
reactant: 680463
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEX15ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.52 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg22 --> acgam + ksi_deg23 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexB-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3073.1 and 3074.1) or (3074.1) or (3073.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

523084
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744932
type: SpeciesReference

645769
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744008
type: SpeciesReference

668819
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

750671
product: 536001
reactant: 535989
notes: Abbreviation: R_SRTNtu Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: srtn[e] <==> srtn[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB electrogenic, Na indepdendent & rev NJ genes: LOCUS:_6580#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A1# LOCUS:_6582#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A2# LOCUS:_6582#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a2.2# citations: AUTHORS:Koepsell H, Endou H#TITLE:The SLC22 drug transporter family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12883891# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6580.1) or (6582.2) or (6582.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Serotonin uniport
type: Reaction

667914
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901
type: SpeciesReference

745274
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CDPcholine_C14H25N4O11P2
type: Species

534739
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

545202
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747559
type: SpeciesReference

756742
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOGULNO1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism Equation: [c] : 23doguln + h2o2 --> (2) h + oxa + thrnt Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Banhegyi G, Braun L, Csala M, Puskas F, Mandl J#TITLE:Ascorbate metabolism and its regulation in animals#JOURNAL:Free Radic Biol Med#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9296457# AUTHORS:Simpson GL, Ortwerth BJ#TITLE:The non-oxidative degradation of ascorbic acid at physiological conditions#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10727845# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 680355
product: 680343
product: 680367
type: Reaction
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate:hydrogen peroxide oxireductase
reactant: 680331
reactant: 680319

750669
product: 535977
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_G14T13g Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.4.1.38 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre23 + udpgal --> h + ksi_pre24 + udp Confidence Level: 4 Keratan sulfate I biosynthesis NCD genes: LOCUS:_9334#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT5#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_2683#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.22# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.22,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.90# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1, Golgi apparatus (all except brain)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 5, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt5.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Mengle-Gaw L, McCoy-Haman MF, Tiemeier DC#TITLE:Genomic structure and expression of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1903938# AUTHORS:Masri KA, Appert HE, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Identification of the full-length coding sequence for human galactosyltransferase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminide: beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase)#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3144273# AUTHORS:Appert HE, Rutherford TJ, Tarr GE, Wiest JS, Thomford NR, McCorquodale DJ#TITLE:Isolation of a cDNA coding for human galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:…
product: 535952
reactant: 535928
reactant: 535940
product: 535964
fast: false
name: beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, Golgi
reversible: false

744490
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-2-Aminoadipate_C6H10NO4
type: Species

642057
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

549847
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

756968
product: 685816
name: Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 685804
reversible: false
product: 685792
reactant: 685768
reactant: 685780
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT93g Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.4.1.152 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : fuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fucfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10690#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT9#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.152# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 9 (alpha(,13) fucosyltransferase)#ABBREVIATION:Fut9.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kaneko M, Kudo T, Iwasaki H, Ikehara Y, Nishihara S, Nakagawa S, Sasaki K, Shiina T, Inoko H, Saitou N, Narimatsu H.#TITLE:Alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (Fuc-TIX) is very highly conserved between human and mouse; molecular cloning, characterization and tissue distribution of human Fuc-TIX.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10386598# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10690.1)

684941
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482
type: SpeciesReference

746539
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Guanosine_C10H13N5O5
type: Species

616018
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746192
type: SpeciesReference

692352
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

623804
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429
type: SpeciesReference

628516
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609
type: SpeciesReference

574567
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746715
type: SpeciesReference

635326
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

608073
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745034
type: SpeciesReference

746426
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Glucuronate_C6H9O7
type: Species

688132
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

747717
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Nicotinamide_C6H6N2O
type: Species

757387
product: 695896
reactant: 695884
notes: Abbreviation: R_CO2tg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: co2[c] <==> co2[g] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: CO2 Golgi transport
type: Reaction

544341
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745668
type: SpeciesReference

750515
product: 532385
reactant: 532373
notes: Abbreviation: R_CO2tn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: co2[n] <==> co2[c] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: CO2 nuclear transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

748887
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: UDPgalactose_C15H22N2O17P2
type: Species

646202
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745696
type: SpeciesReference

755039
product: 640395
reactant: 640383
notes: Abbreviation: R_CCA_D3tm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: cca_d3[m] --> cca_d3[c] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Calcitroic acid transport from mitochondria
type: Reaction

586759
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

655793
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745366
type: SpeciesReference

580680
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748799
type: SpeciesReference

613048
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744430
type: SpeciesReference

630487
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744824
type: SpeciesReference

637654
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

586048
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747687
type: SpeciesReference

531636
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745886
type: SpeciesReference

750074
product: 521678
product: 521666
reactant: 521653
reactant: 521641
notes: Abbreviation: R_AGDC Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.1.25 SUBSYSTEM: Aminosugar Metabolism Equation: [c] : acgam6p + h2o --> ac + gam6p Confidence Level: 2 acetylglucosamine phosphate deacetylase; acetylaminodeoxyglucosephosphate acetylhydrolase; 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate amidohydrolase genes: LOCUS:_51005#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CGI-14# proteins: NAME:CGI-14 protein#ABBREVIATION:Cgi-14.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (51005.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase
type: Reaction

677879
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

665271
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

604147
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747631
type: SpeciesReference

568480
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748513
type: SpeciesReference

582985
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745570
type: SpeciesReference

753695
product: 607650
reactant: 607638
notes: Abbreviation: R_TTDCAt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ttdca[e] --> ttdca[c] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Tetradecanoate (n-C14:0) transport in via uniport
type: Reaction

746425
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate_C6H8O10P
type: Species

756744
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_G14T12g Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.4.1.38 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre20 + udpgal --> h + ksi_pre21 + udp Confidence Level: 4 Keratan sulfate I biosynthesis NCD genes: LOCUS:_9334#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT5#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_2683#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.22# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.22,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.90# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1, Golgi apparatus (all except brain)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 5, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt5.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Mengle-Gaw L, McCoy-Haman MF, Tiemeier DC#TITLE:Genomic structure and expression of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1903938# AUTHORS:Masri KA, Appert HE, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Identification of the full-length coding sequence for human galactosyltransferase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminide: beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase)#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3144273# AUTHORS:Appert HE, Rutherford TJ, Tarr GE, Wiest JS, Thomford NR, McCorquodale DJ#TITLE:Isolation of a cDNA coding for human galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:…
fast: false
reactant: 680379
reversible: false
product: 680403
name: beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, Golgi
product: 680415
reactant: 680391
product: 680427

667878
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745684
type: SpeciesReference

592256
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

547528
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746344
type: SpeciesReference

744492
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Dopachrome_C9H6NO4
type: Species

649343
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743908
type: SpeciesReference

632531
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745956
type: SpeciesReference

644106
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

552267
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748935
type: SpeciesReference

757385
product: 695860
fast: false
reactant: 695824
name: Perillyl aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (m)
notes: Abbreviation: R_PYLALDOXm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Limonene and pinene degradation Equation: [m] : h2o + nad + pylald --> (2) h + nadh + peracd Confidence Level: 1 SAB genes: LOCUS:_8659#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH4A1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.12# LOCUS:_217#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_219#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_8659#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALDH4A1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.12# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial)#ABBREVIATION:Aldh2.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1b1.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh4a1.1-m# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh4a1.2-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (8659.2) or (217.1) or (8659.1) or (219.1)
product: 695872
reversible: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 695836
product: 695848
reactant: 695812

668289
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746299
type: SpeciesReference

756140
product: 666125
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 666137
product: 666149
reversible: false
name: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST3GAL23g Synonyms: _7 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : cmpacna + gd1b_hs --> cmp + gt1b_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6483#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT4B#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.4# proteins: NAME:sialyltransferase 4B, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Siat4b.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Giordanengo V, Bannwarth S, Laffont C, Van Miegem V, Harduin-Lepers A, Delannoy P, Lefebvre JC. #TITLE:Cloning and expression of cDNA for a human Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase from the CEM T-cell line. #JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9266697# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6483.1)
reactant: 666101
reactant: 666113

753329
product: 598981
product: 598969
reactant: 598957
reactant: 598945
notes: Abbreviation: R_METt4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: met-L[e] + na1[e] --> met-L[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_11254#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A14# LOCUS:_54407#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC38A2# LOCUS:_81539#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC38A1# LOCUS:_6584#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 38, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc38a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 38, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc38a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a14.1# NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Sugawara M, Nakanishi T, Fei YJ, Huang W, Ganapathy ME, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V#TITLE:Cloning of an amino acid transporter with functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern identical to that of system A#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10747860# AUTHORS:Hatanaka T, Huang W, Wang H, Sugawara M, Prasad PD, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V#TITLE:Primary structure, functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern of human ATA2, a subtype of amino acid transport system A#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10930503# AUTHORS:Wang H, Huang W, Sugawara M, Devoe LD, Leibach FH, Prasad PD, Ganapathy V#TITLE:Cloning and functional expression of ATA1, a subtype of amino acid transporter A, from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10891391# AUTHORS:Gu S, Roderick HL, Camacho P, Jiang JX#TITLE:Characterization of an N-system amino acid transporter expressed in retina and its involvement in glutamine transport#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11325958# GENE ASSOCIATION: (81539.1) or (11254.1) or (54407.1) or (6584.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-methionine transport in via sodium symport
type: Reaction

590695
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

754289
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4502C93 Synonyms: _5 SUBSYSTEM: Limonene and pinene degradation Equation: [c] : h + limnen + nadph + o2 --> h2o + nadp + perillyl Confidence Level: 4 assumed to take place on outer membrane NJ genes: LOCUS:_1557#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2C19#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# LOCUS:_1559#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2C9#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2c19.1# NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2c9.1# citations: AUTHORS:Rendic S.#TITLE:Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data.#JOURNAL:Drug Metab Rev#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11996015# AUTHORS:Miyazawa M, Shindo M, Shimada T.#TITLE:Metabolism of (+)- and (-)-limonenes to respective carveols and perillyl alcohols by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes.#JOURNAL:Drug Metab Dispos#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11950794# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1559.1) or (1557.1)
reversible: false
product: 622250
fast: false
reactant: 622190
product: 622226
product: 622238
name: cytochrome P450 2C9
reactant: 622214
reactant: 622202
reactant: 622178
type: Reaction

581947
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745338
type: SpeciesReference

746424
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: D-Glucarate_C6H8O8
type: Species

746537
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Guanosine_C10H13N5O5
type: Species

564208
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748763
type: SpeciesReference

672506
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746807
type: SpeciesReference

636701
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748171
type: SpeciesReference

560639
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

574032
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

747715
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nicotinamide_C6H6N2O
type: Species

568330
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745382
type: SpeciesReference

754199
product: 619867
reactant: 619855
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACALDtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: acald[m] <==> acald[c] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Lieber CS#TITLE:Ethanol metabolism, cirrhosis and alcoholism#JOURNAL:Clin Chim Acta#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9028626# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acetaldehyde mitochondrial diffusion
type: Reaction

533797
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747707
type: SpeciesReference

641709
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748761
type: SpeciesReference

748889
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: UDP-D-glucuronate_C15H19N2O18P2
type: Species

756400
product: 672264
product: 672252
reactant: 672240
reactant: 672228
notes: Abbreviation: R_BPNT2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.7 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : h2o + paps --> aps + pi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_10380#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:BPNT1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.7# proteins: NAME:_3'(2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Bpnt1# citations: AUTHORS:Spiegelberg BD, Xiong JP, Smith JJ, Gu RF, York JD.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of a mammalian lithium-sensitive bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase inhibited by inositol 1,4-bisphosphate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10224133# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10380.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3',5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase (paps)
type: Reaction

668180
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

750517
fast: false
reactant: 532410
product: 532434
reactant: 532398
name: pyridoxal kinase
reversible: false
type: Reaction
product: 532422
product: 532446
notes: Abbreviation: R_PYDXK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.35 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin B6 Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + pydx --> adp + h + pydx5p Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PDXK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.35# proteins: NAME:pyridoxal (pyridoxine, vitamin B6) kinase #ABBREVIATION:PdxK.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Ink SL, Henderson LM.#TITLE:Vitamin B6 metabolism.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6380540# AUTHORS:Hanna MC, Turner AJ, Kirkness EF.#TITLE:Human pyridoxal kinase. cDNA cloning, expression, and modulation by ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9099727# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8566.1)

690290
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748495
type: SpeciesReference

564857
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748067
type: SpeciesReference

660423
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746675
type: SpeciesReference

750076
reactant: 521702
product: 521750
product: 521786
reactant: 521714
type: Reaction
product: 521762
name: Biotin transport via sodium symport
reactant: 521690
fast: false
product: 521738
reactant: 521726
product: 521774
notes: Abbreviation: R_BTNt3i Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: atp[c] + btn[e] + h2o[c] + (2) na1[e] --> adp[c] + btn[c] + h[c] + (2) na1[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 _01-25-05 based on Wang et al., 1999, JBC, 274(21), 14875-14888. IT 03-07-05:replaced IT: now based on Balamurugan et al, 2005, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 288, F823-831,2005 genes: LOCUS:_8884#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SMVT#ECNUMBERS:TC,2.A.21.1.1# proteins: NAME:sodium-dependent vitamin transporter (biotin, pantothenate,lipoate) #ABBREVIATION:SmvT.1# citations: AUTHORS:Prasad PD, Wang H, Kekuda R, Fujita T, Fei YJ, Devoe LD, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V.#TITLE:Cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a mammalian sodium-dependent vitamin transporter mediating the uptake of pantothenate, biotin, and lipoate.#JOURNAL: J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9516450# AUTHORS:Balamurugan K, Ortiz A, Said HM.#TITLE:Biotin uptake by human intestinal and liver epithelial cells: role of the SMVT system.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12646417# AUTHORS:Prasad PD, Wang H, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Devoe LD, Ganapathy V.#TITLE:Molecular and functional characterization of the intestinal Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter. #JOURNAL:Arch Biochem Biophys.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10334869# AUTHORS:Wang H, Huang W, Fei YJ, Xia H, Yang-Feng TL, Leibach FH, Devoe LD, Ganapathy V, Prasad PD.#TITLE:Human placental Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter. Cloning, functional expression, gene structure, and chromosomal localization.#JOURNAL: J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10329687# AUTHORS:Balamurugan K, Vaziri ND, Said HM.#TITLE:Biotin uptake by human proximal tubular epithelial cells: Cellular and molecular aspects. #JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. #YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15561972# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8884.1)
reversible: false

690363
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745072
type: SpeciesReference

644251
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746340
type: SpeciesReference

753693
product: 607626
reactant: 607614
notes: Abbreviation: R_OAGT3tg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: oagt3_hs[c] <==> oagt3_hs[g] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - intracellular transport occurs, most details are unknown - see for example Varki glycobiology text or numerous reviews (PMID: 8206147) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Sandhoff K, Klein A.#TITLE:Intracellular trafficking of glycosphingolipids: role of sphingolipid activator proteins in the topology of endocytosis and lysosomal digestion.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8206147# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: oagt3_hs intracellular transport
type: Reaction

746423
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-Glucarate_C6H8O8
type: Species

671662
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

633774
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408
type: SpeciesReference

750070
product: 521581
reactant: 521569
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dag_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dag_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: diacylglycerol (homo sapiens) exchange
type: Reaction

561763
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

750665
reactant: 535817
type: Reaction
reversible: false
fast: false
reactant: 535805
notes: Abbreviation: R_PAFHe Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 3.1.1.47 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [e] : h2o + paf_hs --> ac + ak2lgchol_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_7941#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PLA2G7#ECNUMBERS:3.1.1.47# proteins: NAME:phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase)#ABBREVIATION:Pla2g7.1# citations: AUTHORS:Stafforini DM, Satoh K, Atkinson DL, Tjoelker LW, Eberhardt C, Yoshida H, Imaizumi T, Takamatsu S, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM, Gray PW, Prescott SM.#TITLE:Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency. A missense mutation near the active site of an anti-inflammatory phospholipase.#JOURNAL:J Clin Invest#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:8675689# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7941.1)
product: 535841
product: 535829
name: Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase
product: 535854

546803
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747679
type: SpeciesReference

756964
notes: Abbreviation: R_34DHPLACOX_LPAREN_NADP_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.5 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : 34dhpac + h2o + nadp <==> 34dhpha + (2) h + nadph Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_221#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_222#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_218#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ambroziak W, Pietruszko R#TITLE:Human aldehyde dehydrogenase. Activity with aldehyde metabolites of monoamines, diamines, and polyamines#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:2071588# AUTHORS:Keung WM#TITLE:Biogenic aldehyde(s) derived from the action of monoamine oxidase may mediate the antidipsotropic effect of daidzin#JOURNAL:Chem Biol Interact#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11306106# GENE ASSOCIATION: (222.1) or (221.1) or (218.1)
reactant: 685696
reversible: true
product: 685732
type: Reaction
name: _3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase
product: 685708
product: 685720
fast: false
reactant: 685684
reactant: 685672

600005
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746334
type: SpeciesReference

646411
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744882
type: SpeciesReference

687516
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

745054
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Arachidic acid_C20H39O2
type: Species

561181
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746617
type: SpeciesReference

747801
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: O2_O2
type: Species

746422
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: D-Glucose_C6H12O6
type: Species

545961
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745098
type: SpeciesReference

564581
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743930
type: SpeciesReference

756142
product: 666198
product: 666186
reactant: 666174
reactant: 666161
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK14 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : dcmp + utp <==> dcdp + udp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (dCMP,UTP)
type: Reaction

552483
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744142
type: SpeciesReference

754287
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT34g Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 2.4.1.65 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : fucgalacglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fucfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2525#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.65# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 3 (galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase, Lewis blood group)#ABBREVIATION:Fut3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Cakir B, Pankow JS, Salomaa V, Couper D, Morris TL, Brantley KR, Hiller KM, Heiss G, Weston BW.#TITLE:Distribution of Lewis (FUT3)genotype and allele: frequencies in a biethnic United States population.#JOURNAL:Ann Hematol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12424536# AUTHORS:Sousa VL, Brito C, Costa T, Lanoix J, Nilsson T, Costa J.#TITLE:Importance of Cys, Gln, and Tyr from the transmembrane domain of human alpha 3/4 fucosyltransferase III for its localization and sorting in the Golgi of baby hamster kidney cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12493760# AUTHORS:Kukowska-Latallo JF, Larsen RD, Nair RP, Lowe JB.#TITLE:A cloned human cDNA determines expression of a mouse stage-specific embryonic antigen and the Lewis blood group alpha(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferase.#JOURNAL:Genes Dev#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1977660# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2525.1)
name: fucosyltransferase 3 (galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase, Lewis blood group included) 1
product: 622154
reactant: 622130
reactant: 622118
reversible: false
type: Reaction
product: 622142
product: 622166

755035
product: 640323
reactant: 640311
product: 640347
reactant: 640299
fast: false
name: _3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
notes: Abbreviation: R_MCPST Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.8.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: [c] : cyan + mercppyr --> h + pyr + tcynt Confidence Level: 4 MM AMF genes: LOCUS:_4357#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MPST# proteins: NAME:mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase #ABBREVIATION:Mpst.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4357.1)
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 640335

747713
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphodolichol, human uterine homolog_C1105H1810N10O120P20
type: Species

689735
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747837
type: SpeciesReference

756402
fast: false
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_SUCOAS1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.4 SUBSYSTEM: Citric Acid Cycle Equation: [m] : coa + gtp + succ <==> gdp + pi + succoa Confidence Level: 0 IF genes: LOCUS:_8802#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUCLG1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.4# LOCUS:_8801#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUCLG2#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.4# proteins: NAME:Succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming), mitochondiral#ABBREVIATION:Suclg-m# citations: AUTHORS:Johnson JD, Mehus JG, Tews K, Milavetz BI, Lambeth DO#TITLE:Genetic evidence for the expression of ATP- and GTP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetases in multicellular eucaryotes#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9765291# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8802.1 and 8801.1)
product: 672312
reactant: 672288
name: Succinate--CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
reactant: 672276
product: 672324
reactant: 672300
product: 672336
reversible: true

523614
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743870
type: SpeciesReference

650935
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749804
type: SpeciesReference

756144
fast: false
reactant: 666235
reactant: 666222
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.7.10 SUBSYSTEM: Galactose metabolism Equation: [c] : gal1p + h + utp <==> ppi + udpgal Confidence Level: 0 genes: LOCUS:_2592#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALT#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.12# LOCUS:_2592#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:GALT#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.12# LOCUS:_2592#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GALT#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.12# proteins: NAME:galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Galt.1# NAME:galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Galt.2# NAME:galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Galt.3# citations: AUTHORS:Leslie ND, Immerman EB, Flach JE, Florez M, Fridovich-Keil JL, Elsas LJ#TITLE:The human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase gene#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1427861# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2592.1) or (2592.3) or (2592.2)
type: Reaction
reactant: 666210
product: 666259
name: galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
product: 666247
reversible: true

666657
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745718
type: SpeciesReference

641925
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

582117
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

745160
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Bilirubin monoglucuronide_C39H44N4O12
type: Species

613266
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

522514
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743996
type: SpeciesReference

746421
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: D-Glucose_C6H12O6
type: Species

544692
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746667
type: SpeciesReference

745056
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: arachidyl coenzyme A_C41H70N7O17P3S
type: Species

753691
reversible: false
name: heparan glucuronyltransferase II
type: Reaction
reactant: 607566
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCAT6g Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : hs_pre1 + udpglcur --> h + hs_pre2 + udp Confidence Level: 4 EC 2.4.1.225 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2131#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXT1# LOCUS:_2132#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_2132#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:EXT2# proteins: NAME:exotoses (multiple), Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Ext12.1-g# NAME:exotoses (multiple), Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Ext12.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:McCormick C, Duncan G, Goutsos KT, Tufaro F#TITLE:The putative tumor suppressors EXT1 and EXT2 form a stable complex that accumulates in the Golgi apparatus and catalyzes the synthesis of heparan sulfate#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10639137# AUTHORS:Kobayashi S, Morimoto K, Shimizu T, Takahashi M, Kurosawa H, Shirasawa T#TITLE:Association of EXT1 and EXT2, hereditary multiple exostoses gene products, in Golgi apparatus#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10679296# AUTHORS:Ahn J, Ludecke HJ, Lindow S, Horton WA, Lee B, Wagner MJ, Horsthemke B, Wells DE#TITLE:Cloning of the putative tumour suppressor gene for hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT1)#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7550340# AUTHORS:McCormick C, Leduc Y, Martindale D, Mattison K, Esford LE, Dyer AP, Tufaro F#TITLE:The putative tumour suppressor EXT1 alters the expression of cell-surface heparan sulfate#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9620772# AUTHORS:Lind T, Tufaro F, McCormick C, Lindahl U, Lidholt K#TITLE:The putative tumor suppressors EXT1 and EXT2 are glycosyltransferases required for the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9756849# AUTHORS:Stickens D, Clines G, Burbee D, Ramos P, Thomas S, Hogue D, Hecht JT, Lovett M, Evans GA#TITLE:The EXT2 multiple exostoses gene defines a family of putative tumour suppressor genes#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8782816# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2131.1 and 2132.1) or (2131.1 and 2132.2)
fast: false
reactant: 607554
product: 607602
product: 607590
product: 607578

526651
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745362
type: SpeciesReference

634450
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746436
type: SpeciesReference

603437
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 748343
type: SpeciesReference

750519
fast: false
reactant: 532470
product: 532494
reactant: 532458
product: 532506
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCAT2g Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cs_a,b,e_pre1 + udpglcur --> cs_a,b_pre2 + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 EC 2.4.1.226 NCD genes: LOCUS:_22856#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHSY1# LOCUS:_54480#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CSGlcA-T# LOCUS:_79586#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHPF# LOCUS:_337876#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CSS3# proteins: NAME:chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Csglca-t.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (chondroitin) synthase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chsy1.1-g# NAME:chondroitin polymerizing factor, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chpf.1-g# NAME:chondroitin sulfate synthase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Css3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Silbert JE, Sugumaran G#TITLE:Biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512856# AUTHORS:Gotoh M, Yada T, Sato T, Akashima T, Iwasaki H, Mochizuki H, Inaba N, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Watanabe H, Kimata K, Narimatsu H#TITLE:Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase that transfers glucuronic acid to N-acetylgalactosamine#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12145278# AUTHORS:Kitagawa H, Uyama T, Sugahara K#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of a human chondroitin synthase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11514575# AUTHORS:Kitagawa H, Izumikawa T, Uyama T, Sugahara K#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a chondroitin polymerizing factor that cooperates with chondroitin synthase for chondroitin polymerization#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12716890# AUTHORS:Yada T, Sato T, Kaseyama H, Gotoh M, Iwasaki H, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Watanabe H, Narimatsu H, Kimata K#TITLE:Chondroitin sulfate synthase-3. Molecular cloning and characterization#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12907687# AUTHORS:Yada T, Gotoh M, Sato T, Shionyu M, Go M, Kaseyama H, Iwasaki H, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Watanabe H, Narimatsu H, Kimata K#TITLE…
name: chondroitin glucuronyltransferase II, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction
product: 532482

575400
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748699
type: SpeciesReference

551520
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747549
type: SpeciesReference

756966
product: 685756
reactant: 685744
notes: Abbreviation: R_TMNDNCt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: tmndnc[e] <==> tmndnc[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

623021
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745612
type: SpeciesReference

559912
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743950
type: SpeciesReference

625591
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745700
type: SpeciesReference

750667
reversible: false
type: Reaction
name: dolichyl-phosphate-glucose-glycolipid alpha-glucosyltransferase (uterus)
reactant: 535866
product: 535891
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLPGT3_Uer Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolglcp_U + (0.1) g2m8mpdol_U --> (0.1) dolp_U + (0.1) g3m8mpdol_U + h Confidence Level: 0 EC 2.4.1.- NCD genes: LOCUS:_84920#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALG10# proteins: NAME:alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Alg10.1-er# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (84920.1)
product: 535916
reactant: 535879
product: 535903
fast: false

544124
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746589
type: SpeciesReference

591880
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745960
type: SpeciesReference

679955
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744538
type: SpeciesReference

756740
product: 680307
reactant: 680295
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACGALFUCGALACGALFUCGALACGLCGAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: acgalfucgalacgalfucgalacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[e] <==> acgalfucgalacgalfucgalacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

576609
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746949
type: SpeciesReference

567524
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746064
type: SpeciesReference

534957
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

552699
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746248
type: SpeciesReference

693329
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

746420
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: D-Glucose_C6H12O6
type: Species

524826
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744014
type: SpeciesReference

559275
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

630339
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120
type: SpeciesReference

754285
product: 622106
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 622094
notes: Abbreviation: R_RADH4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + nadp + retinal-cis-13 <==> 13-cis-retn + (2) h + nadph Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Blaner WS.#TITLE:Cellular metabolism and actions of 13-cis-retinoic acid. #JOURNAL:J Am Acad Dermatol. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11606944# GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: retinal dehydrogenase (NADPH)
product: 622082
reactant: 622046
reactant: 622058
reactant: 622070
reversible: true

659470
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746006
type: SpeciesReference

528024
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

756146
product: 666284
reactant: 666271
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_10fthf6glu_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 10fthf6glu <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _10-formyltetrahydrofolate-[Glu](6) exchange
type: Reaction

756404
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 672373
product: 672397
notes: Abbreviation: R_VLCSp Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 6.2.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [x] : atp + coa + thcholstoic --> amp + cholcoar + ppi Confidence Level: 4 from uniprot and lit - see human recon lit refs divalent cation requirement - unclear which one, reaction inhibited in the presence of EDTA (may just be MgATP or MgATP) - see Kelley and Vessey Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1994) 1209: 51-55 temporarily will have H+ balance reaction NJ genes: LOCUS:_11001#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC27A2# proteins: NAME:bile acid CoA ligase#ABBREVIATION:Slc27a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Steinberg SJ, Wang SJ, Kim DG, Mihalik J, Watkins PA#TITLE:Human very-long-chain-acyl-CoA synthetase#JOURNAL:Biochemical and biophysical research communications#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Steinberg SJ, Mihalik SJ, Kim DG, Cuebas DA, Watkins PA#TITLE:The human liver-specific homolog of very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase is cholate: CoA ligase#JOURNAL:Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:Mihalik SJ, Steinberg SJ, Pei Z, Park J, Kim DG, Heinzer AK, Dacremont G, Wanders JAR, Cuebas DA, Smith KD, Watkins PA#TITLE:Participation of two members of the veryl long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase family in bile acid synthesis and recycling#JOURNAL:Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:2002# AUTHORS:Kelley M, Vessey DA#TITLE:Dual role of diavlent cations in the bile acid: CoA ligase catalyzed reaction#JOURNAL:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta#YEAR:1994# GENE ASSOCIATION: (11001.1)
reactant: 672348
reversible: false
product: 672385
name: Very-long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase
product: 672409
reactant: 672361

755037
product: 640371
reactant: 640359
notes: Abbreviation: R_ABTti Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: abt[c] --> abt[e] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Huck JH, Roos B, Jakobs C, van der Knaap MS, Verhoeven NM#TITLE:Evaluation of pentitol metabolism in mammalian tissues provides new insight into disorders of human sugar metabolism#JOURNAL:Mol Genet Metab#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15234337# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-arabinitol transport via passive diffusion
type: Reaction

747711
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1160H1898N10O120P20
type: Species

551748
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745612
type: SpeciesReference

757389
product: 695932
product: 695920
reactant: 695908
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACNMLr Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.3.3 SUBSYSTEM: Aminosugar Metabolism Equation: [c] : acnam <==> acmana + pyr Confidence Level: 2 JLR genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: N-Acetylneuraminate lyase (reversible)
type: Reaction

754283
product: 621984
reactant: 621960
reactant: 621948
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC200180x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome Equation: [x] : arachcoa + coa + h2o + nad + o2 --> accoa + h + h2o2 + nadh + stcoa Confidence Level: 4 peroxisomal (very long chain FA) - in peroxisome, no fad, 1ste set of beta-ox is by acyl-coa oxidase (passes electrons directly to o2 -> h2o2) c20:0 -> c18:0 4 step FAO lumped also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# LOCUS:_1962#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EHHADH#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17.1.1.1.# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal beta-oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.2-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.2-x# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (3295.1 and 30.1 and 51.2) or (51.1 and 30.1 and 1962.1) or (51.1 and 3295.1 and 30.1) or (30.1 and 51.2 and 1962.1)
product: 621997
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
product: 622010
reactant: 621972
reactant: 621924
product: 622022
product: 622034
reactant: 621936
type: Reaction
reversible: false

745162
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Bilirubin monoglucuronide_C39H44N4O12
type: Species

660774
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386
type: SpeciesReference

658746
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

670086
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746138
type: SpeciesReference

549110
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748905
type: SpeciesReference

745058
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: arachidyl coenzyme A_C41H70N7O17P3S
type: Species

561073
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748731
type: SpeciesReference

678808
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

619132
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744894
type: SpeciesReference

753479
product: 602577
reactant: 602564
notes: Abbreviation: R_GSNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: gsn[e] <==> gsn[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_2030#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A1# LOCUS:_3177#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Ward JL, Sherali A, Mo ZP, Tse CM.#TITLE:Kinetic and pharmacological properties of cloned human equilibrative nucleoside transporters, ENT1 and ENT2, stably expressed in nucleoside transporter-deficient PK15 cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10722669# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3177.1) or (2030.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: guanosine facilated transport in cytosol
type: Reaction

615933
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746211
type: SpeciesReference

750072
product: 521629
product: 521617
reactant: 521605
reactant: 521593
notes: Abbreviation: R_AMACR2r Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.1.99.4 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : dhcholestancoa + (0.5) o2 --> dhcholoylcoa + h2o Confidence Level: 2 should be analogous to AMACRr as per KEGG - in this case: reductase not a racemase NJ genes: LOCUS:_23600#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AMACR# LOCUS:_23600#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AMACR# proteins: NAME:alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase#ABBREVIATION:Amacr.1# NAME:alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase#ABBREVIATION:Amacr.2# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION: (23600.1) or (23600.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (reductase)
type: Reaction

639938
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746603
type: SpeciesReference

548059
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746733
type: SpeciesReference

755882
product: 660399
reactant: 660387
reactant: 660375
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALOX12R Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 1.13.11.31 SUBSYSTEM: Eicosanoid Metabolism Equation: [c] : arachd + o2 --> 12RHPET Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_242#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALOX12B# proteins: NAME:arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12R#ABBREVIATION:Alox12b.1# citations: TITLE:Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Boeglin WE, Kim RB, Brash AR.#TITLE:A 12R-lipoxygenase in human skin: mechanistic evidence, molecular cloning, and expression.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9618483# GENE ASSOCIATION: (242.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase R
type: Reaction

627793
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

689205
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745644
type: SpeciesReference

596296
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745296
type: SpeciesReference

746531
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Geranyl diphosphate_C10H17O7P2
type: Species

753323
product: 598847
reactant: 598835
notes: Abbreviation: R_DM_dsT_antigen_LPAREN_g_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [g] : dsT_antigen --> Confidence Level: NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: DM_dsT_antigen(g)
type: Reaction

649812
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746633
type: SpeciesReference

599548
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

745378
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: clupanodonyl carnitine_C29H47NO4
type: Species

666549
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746575
type: SpeciesReference

745050
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Arabinose_C5H10O5
type: Species

687625
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746719
type: SpeciesReference

527076
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

646520
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744302
type: SpeciesReference

633883
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

755143
product: 642948
reactant: 642936
notes: Abbreviation: R_FADH2tx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: fadh2[c] <==> fadh2[x] Confidence Level: 1 most likely NOT physiological - detailed information about the peroxisomal transporters has not yet been achieved - this transport is most likely dependent on a concomitant energy consuming reaction (human ABC peroxisomal transporters: PEX family - check in future for new research articles describing biochemistry and stoichiometry) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: FADH2 transporter, peroxisomal
type: Reaction

756512
product: 674920
product: 674908
reactant: 674896
reactant: 674884
notes: Abbreviation: R_SO4OXAtex2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: oxa[c] + (2) so4[e] --> oxa[e] + (2) so4[c] Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_65010#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A6# LOCUS:_65010#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A6# LOCUS:_65010#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A6# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a6.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a6.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a6.3# citations: AUTHORS:Mount DB, Romero MF#TITLE:The SLC26 gene family of multifunctional anion exchangers#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12759755# GENE ASSOCIATION: (65010.1) or (65010.3) or (65010.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: sulfate transport via oxalate countertransport (2:1)
type: Reaction

650827
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

590587
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

639252
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745268
type: SpeciesReference

682105
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

539269
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748697
type: SpeciesReference

597109
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

544583
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748345
type: SpeciesReference

607410
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386
type: SpeciesReference

524718
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744522
type: SpeciesReference

747911
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidic acid (homo sapiens)_C3H5O4PFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

554994
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746291
type: SpeciesReference

603546
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745874
type: SpeciesReference

582008
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609
type: SpeciesReference

598304
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745396
type: SpeciesReference

756854
reactant: 682769
name: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-glycolipid alpha-mannosyltransferase (liver)
type: Reaction
product: 682793
fast: false
product: 682805
product: 682817
reactant: 682781
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLPMT4_Ler Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.4.1.130 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolmanp_L + (0.1) m7mpdol_L --> (0.1) dolp_L + h + (0.1) m8mpdol_L Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reversible: false

621792
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981
type: SpeciesReference

745164
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Bilirubin monoglucuronide_C39H44N4O12
type: Species

691736
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

757234
product: 692267
product: 692255
reactant: 692243
reactant: 692231
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPODMm Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.15.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: ROS Detoxification Equation: [m] : (2) h + (2) o2s --> h2o2 + o2 Confidence Level: 2 TV (8-15-2003) genes: LOCUS:_6648#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SOD2#ECNUMBERS:1.15.1.1# proteins: NAME:superoxide dismutase (Mn)#ABBREVIATION:Sod2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Folz RJ, Guan J, Seldin MF, Oury TD, Enghild JJ, Crapo JD.#TITLE:Mouse extracellular superoxide dismutase: primary structure, tissue-specific gene expression, chromosomal localization, and lung in situ hybridization.#JOURNAL:Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9376114# AUTHORS:Elam JS, Malek K, Rodriguez JA, Doucette PA, Taylor AB, Hayward LJ, Cabelli DE, Valentine JS, Hart PJ.#TITLE:An alternative mechanism of bicarbonate-mediated peroxidation by copper-zinc superoxide dismutase: rates enhanced via proposed enzyme-associated peroxycarbonate intermediate.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12649272# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6648.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: superoxide dismutase
type: Reaction

552159
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746601
type: SpeciesReference

645613
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438
type: SpeciesReference

651225
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746082
type: SpeciesReference

681985
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

757232
product: 692219
reactant: 692206
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_cspg_c_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : cspg_c <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: chondroitin sulfate C (GalNAc6S-GlcA) proteoglycan exchange
type: Reaction

690570
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746541
type: SpeciesReference

651650
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746893
type: SpeciesReference

619024
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747395
type: SpeciesReference

755884
product: 660448
product: 660436
reactant: 660423
reactant: 660411
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR41 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: fadh2[m] + hdcoa[c] --> R4coa_hs[c] + fad[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R group artificial flux
type: Reaction

563487
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748111
type: SpeciesReference

595413
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

548169
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746421
type: SpeciesReference

691676
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744880
type: SpeciesReference

556965
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748117
type: SpeciesReference

745166
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Bilirubin_C33H34N4O6
type: Species

615825
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

753321
name: fatty-acid--CoA ligase
reactant: 598787
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 598823
product: 598811
notes: Abbreviation: R_FACOAL150 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid activation Equation: [c] : atp + coa + ptdca <==> amp + ppi + ptdcacoa Confidence Level: 4 AR genes: LOCUS:_2182#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL4# LOCUS:_2180#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# LOCUS:_2181#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACSL3# LOCUS:_22305#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACSL6#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# LOCUS:_22305#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACSL6#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.3# proteins: NAME:acyl-CoA synthestase long-chain family member 1#ABBREVIATION:Acsl1.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4#ABBREVIATION:Acsl4.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3#ABBREVIATION:Acsl3.2# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6#ABBREVIATION:Acsl6.1# NAME:acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6 #ABBREVIATION:Acsl6.2# citations: AUTHORS:Mashek DG, Bornfeldt KE, Coleman RA, Berger J, Bernlohr DA, Black P, DiRusso CC, Farber SA, Guo W, Hashimoto N, Khodiyar V, Kuypers FA, Maltais LJ, Nebert DW, Renieri A, Schaffer JE, Stahl A, Watkins PA, Vasiliou V, Yamamoto TT.#TITLE:Revised nomenclature for the mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene family.#JOURNAL:J Lipid Res#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15292367# AUTHORS:Reich, Sel'kov#TITLE:Energy metabolism of the cell : a theoretical treatise#YEAR:1981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (22305.2) or (2182.1) or (2180.1) or (2181.2) or (2181.1) or (22305.1)
product: 598799
reactant: 598763
reactant: 598775
reversible: true

614787
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652
type: SpeciesReference

745052
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Arachidic acid_C20H39O2
type: Species

622094
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

577117
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745980
type: SpeciesReference

660666
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

642094
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746258
type: SpeciesReference

522234
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743990
type: SpeciesReference

756514
product: 674968
product: 674956
reactant: 674944
reactant: 674932
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUMSO4tm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: fum[c] + so4[m] <==> fum[m] + so4[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_1468#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A10# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25 (dicarboxylate transporter) member 10, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a10.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# AUTHORS:Crompton M, Palmieri F, Capano M, Quagliariello E.#TITLE:The transport of sulphate and sulphite in rat liver mitochondria. #YEAR:1974#PUBMED:4441366# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1468.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Fumarate:sulfate antiport, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

567633
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746621
type: SpeciesReference

602918
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

580572
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

577044
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747817
type: SpeciesReference

685588
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745122
type: SpeciesReference

755145
product: 642985
reactant: 642973
reactant: 642960
notes: Abbreviation: R_LTC4Sr Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: Eicosanoid Metabolism Equation: [r] : gthrd + leuktrA4 --> leuktrC4 Confidence Level: 4 previous EC 2.5.1.37 EC: 4.4.1.20 NJ genes: LOCUS:_4259#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MGST3# LOCUS:_4258#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MGST2# LOCUS:_4056#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LTC4S#ECNUMBERS:2.5.1.37# LOCUS:_4056#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:LTC4S#ECNUMBERS:2.5.1.37# proteins: NAME:leukotriene C4 synthase#ABBREVIATION:Ltc4s.1# NAME:microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2#ABBREVIATION:Mgst2.1-r# NAME:microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3#ABBREVIATION:Mgst3.1-r# NAME:leukotriene C4 synthase#ABBREVIATION:Ltc4s.2# citations: TITLE:Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Leff AR.#TITLE:Regulation of leukotrienes in the management of asthma: biology and clinical therapy.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Med#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11160764# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4056.1) or (4259.1) or (4056.2) or (4258.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Leukotriene C4 synthase
type: Reaction

541178
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748731
type: SpeciesReference

623178
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

623239
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

579373
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434
type: SpeciesReference

671770
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746947
type: SpeciesReference

549001
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744850
type: SpeciesReference

576717
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744892
type: SpeciesReference

756630
fast: false
product: 677782
reversible: false
name: heparin-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase
type: Reaction
product: 677794
reactant: 677758
product: 677806
notes: Abbreviation: R_S3T2g Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 2.8.2.23 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : hs_pre14 + paps --> h + hs_pre15 + pap Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_9956#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST2#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.23# LOCUS:_222537#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST5# LOCUS:_9951#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST4#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.23# proteins: NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st2.1-g# NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st4.1-g# NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 5, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st5.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Sugahara K, Kitagawa H#TITLE:Heparin and heparan sulfate biosynthesis#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512855# AUTHORS:Shworak NW, Liu J, Petros LM, Zhang L, Kobayashi M, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Rosenberg RD#TITLE:Multiple isoforms of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase. Isolation, characterization, and expression of human cdnas and identification of distinct genomic loci#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:9988767# AUTHORS:Xia G, Chen J, Tiwari V, Ju W, Li JP, Malmstrom A, Shukla D, Liu J#TITLE:Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 5 generates both an antithrombin-binding site and an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus, type 1#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12138164# AUTHORS:Mochizuki H, Yoshida K, Gotoh M, Sugioka S, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Tawada A, Maeyama K, Inaba N, Hiruma T, Kimata K, Narimatsu H#TITLE:Characterization of a heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-5, an enzyme synthesizing a tetrasulfated disaccharide#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12740361# AUTHORS:Liu J, Shworak NW, Sinay P, Schwartz JJ, Zhang L, Fritze LM, Rosenberg RD#TITLE:Expression of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms reveals novel substrate specificities#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:9988768# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9956.1) or (99…
reactant: 677770

670195
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744954
type: SpeciesReference

625483
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

756856
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALDD21 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + nad + pristanal --> (2) h + nadh + prist Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: LOCUS:_224#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A2# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Verhoeven NM, Jakobs C.#TITLE:Human metabolism of phytanic acid and pristanic acid.#JOURNAL:Prog Lipid Res#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11591435# AUTHORS:De Laurenzi V, Rogers GR, Hamrock DJ, Marekov LN, Steinert PM, Compton JG, Markova N, Rizzo WB.#TITLE:Sjogren-Larsson syndrome is caused by mutations in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene.#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8528251# GENE ASSOCIATION: (224.1)
reactant: 682853
reactant: 682829
fast: false
product: 682877
type: Reaction
product: 682865
name: aldehyde dehydrogenase (pristanal, NAD)
product: 682889
reactant: 682841
reversible: false

629266
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746693
type: SpeciesReference

634040
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748111
type: SpeciesReference

525958
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749599
type: SpeciesReference

611518
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

745168
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Bilirubin_C33H34N4O6
type: Species

746535
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Guanosine_C10H13N5O5
type: Species

608182
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

675941
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744658
type: SpeciesReference

569571
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744334
type: SpeciesReference

596513
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745830
type: SpeciesReference

663512
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

753327
product: 598932
reactant: 598920
notes: Abbreviation: R_PTDCACRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: ptdcacrn[c] --> ptdcacrn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: pentadecanoate transport into the mitochondria
type: Reaction

757383
reactant: 695764
product: 695788
name: steroid sulfotransferase
fast: false
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_PRGNLONESULT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.8.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [c] : paps + prgnlone --> h + pap + prgnlones Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6822#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT2A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.2# LOCUS:_6820#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SULT2B1# proteins: NAME:sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone#ABBREVIATION:Sult2a1.1# NAME:sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2B, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Sult2b1.2# citations: AUTHORS:Her C, Wood TC, Eichler EE, Mohrenweiser HW, Ramagli LS, Siciliano MJ, Weinshilboum RM.#TITLE:Human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase SULT2B1: two enzymes encoded by a single chromosome 19 gene.#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9799594# AUTHORS:Fuda H, Lee YC, Shimizu C, Javitt NB, Strott CA.#TITLE:Mutational analysis of human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase SULT2B1 isoforms reveals that exon 1B of the SULT2B1 gene produces cholesterol sulfotransferase, whereas exon 1A yields pregnenolone sulfotransferase.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12145317# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6822.1) or (6820.2)
product: 695776
type: Reaction
reactant: 695752
product: 695800

692243
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747811
type: SpeciesReference

757230
product: 692194
reactant: 692182
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_5fthf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 5fthf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5-Formyltetrahydrofolate exchange
type: Reaction

605372
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

556204
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747155
type: SpeciesReference

668072
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744440
type: SpeciesReference

755147
product: 643009
reactant: 642997
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_caro_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : caro <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: beta-Carotene exchange
type: Reaction

689940
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744824
type: SpeciesReference

696064
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

526590
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744966
type: SpeciesReference

559383
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748123
type: SpeciesReference

755669
product: 655048
product: 655036
reactant: 655024
reactant: 655012
notes: Abbreviation: R_UMPK2 Synonyms: _9 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : ctp + ump <==> cdp + udp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: UMP kinase (CTP)
type: Reaction

574459
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

746429
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Glutamine_C5H10N2O3
type: Species

572809
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748935
type: SpeciesReference

634680
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744404
type: SpeciesReference

531527
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748225
type: SpeciesReference

665163
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

655349
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747991
type: SpeciesReference

579942
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746633
type: SpeciesReference

585651
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748613
type: SpeciesReference

756858
product: 682937
product: 682925
reactant: 682913
reactant: 682901
notes: Abbreviation: R_A_MANASEly Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 3.2.1.24 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + m2mn --> (2) man + mn Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4125#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN2B1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.24# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 2B, member 1, lysosomal (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man2b1.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Liao YF, Lal A, Moremen KW.#TITLE:Cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of the human broad specificity lysosomal acid alpha-mannosidase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8910458# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4125.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-mannosidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

646311
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749730
type: SpeciesReference

544498
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746449
type: SpeciesReference

750511
product: 532336
product: 532324
reactant: 532312
reactant: 532300
notes: Abbreviation: R_ORNDC Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Urea cycle/amino group metabolism Equation: [c] : h + orn --> co2 + ptrc Confidence Level: 4 JLR- added proton to balance genes: LOCUS:_4953#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ODC1#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.17# proteins: NAME:ornithine decarboxylase 1#ABBREVIATION:Odc1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Zhu MY, Iyo A, Piletz JE, Regunathan S#TITLE:Expression of human arginine decarboxylase, the biosynthetic enzyme for agmatine#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Hsieh JT, Denning MF, Heidel SM, Verma AK.#TITLE:Expression of human chromosome 2 ornithine decarboxylase gene in ornithine decarboxylase-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells#JOURNAL:Cancer Res#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2317811# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4953.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Ornithine Decarboxylase
type: Reaction

756632
product: 677830
reactant: 677818
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_gthox_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : gthox <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Oxidized glutathione exchange
type: Reaction

534244
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

657646
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748747
type: SpeciesReference

688289
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

529962
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746755
type: SpeciesReference

541058
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744774
type: SpeciesReference

591505
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744570
type: SpeciesReference

634390
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749107
type: SpeciesReference

555479
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745632
type: SpeciesReference

746533
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Guanosine_C10H13N5O5
type: Species

753325
product: 598895
product: 598908
notes: Abbreviation: R_COKECBESr Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Alkaloid biosynthesis II Equation: [r] : coke + h2o --> bz + egme + h Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_8824#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CES2# proteins: NAME:carboxylesterase 2#ABBREVIATION:Ces2.1-r# citations: AUTHORS:Pindel EV, Kedishvili NY, Abraham TL, Brzezinski MR, Zhang J, Dean RA, Bosron WF#TITLE:Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9169443# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8824.1)
reactant: 598859
fast: false
name: Carboxylesterase (cocaine) (er)
reactant: 598871
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 598883

589201
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746549
type: SpeciesReference

755880
product: 660363
product: 660351
reactant: 660339
reactant: 660327
notes: Abbreviation: R_THMMPt4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: oh1[c] + thmmp[e] <==> oh1[e] + thmmp[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_6573#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC19A1# LOCUS:_6573#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC19A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc19a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc19a1.2# citations: AUTHORS:Dutta B, Huang W, Molero M, Kekuda R, Leibach FH, Devoe LD, Ganapathy V, Prasad PD. #TITLE:Cloning of the human thiamine transporter, a member of the folate transporter family.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10542220# AUTHORS:Ganapathy V, Smith SB, Prasad PD.#TITLE:SLC19: the folate/thiamine transporter family.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770311# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6573.1) or (6573.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Thiamine monophosphate transport in via anion antiport
type: Reaction

746428
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: D-Glucuronate_C6H9O7
type: Species

757381
product: 695740
reactant: 695728
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_tmndnc_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : tmndnc <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: timnodonic acid exchange
type: Reaction

632640
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

586603
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746591
type: SpeciesReference

755149
product: 643057
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEXA9ly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : (3) h2o + ksi_deg6 --> (2) acgam + h + ksi_deg8 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 Note that this reaction is specific to beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A and cannot be catalyzed by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B (or presumably beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S). This is also a lumped reaction, representing the cleavage of GalNAc4S or GalNAc6S and N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase or 6-sulfatase. NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1)
reversible: false
product: 643081
reactant: 643033
product: 643045
reactant: 643021
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal
type: Reaction
product: 643069
fast: false

649234
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482
type: SpeciesReference

591214
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

756510
product: 674872
product: 674860
reactant: 674848
reactant: 674836
notes: Abbreviation: R_HPYRDC Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.40 SUBSYSTEM: Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h + hpyr --> co2 + gcald Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Rofe AM, James HM, Bais R, Conyers RA#TITLE:Hepatic oxalate production: the role of hydroxypyruvate#JOURNAL:Biochem Med Metab Biol#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:3778681# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: hydroxypyruvate decarboxylase
type: Reaction

646748
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745982
type: SpeciesReference

654976
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

557025
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

534546
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

667442
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748237
type: SpeciesReference

746427
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: D-Glucuronate_C6H9O7
type: Species

576912
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

574142
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

586159
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748123
type: SpeciesReference

529818
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745758
type: SpeciesReference

556409
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747805
type: SpeciesReference

540345
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744648
type: SpeciesReference

547638
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745754
type: SpeciesReference

592148
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

667720
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

750513
product: 532361
reactant: 532348
notes: Abbreviation: R_RIBt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: rib-D[e] <==> rib-D[c] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Huck JH, Roos B, Jakobs C, van der Knaap MS, Verhoeven NM#TITLE:Evaluation of pentitol metabolism in mammalian tissues provides new insight into disorders of human sugar metabolism#JOURNAL:Mol Genet Metab#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15234337# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: ribose transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

603197
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

756634
product: 677879
product: 677866
reactant: 677854
reactant: 677842
notes: Abbreviation: R_GPAM_hs Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 2.3.1.15 SUBSYSTEM: Triacylglycerol Synthesis Equation: [c] : Rtotalcoa + glyc3p --> alpa_hs + coa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_57678#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:KIAA1560# proteins: NAME:glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Gpam.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Coleman RA, Lee DP#TITLE:Enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis and their regulation#JOURNAL:Prog in Lipid Research#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (57678.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
type: Reaction

747501
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Melanin_C9H6NO4
type: Species

686152
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746470
type: SpeciesReference

603870
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

672941
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619
type: SpeciesReference

756626
product: 677722
reactant: 677710
reactant: 677698
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK6n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : cmp + ctp <==> (2) cdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (CMP,CTP),nuclear
type: Reaction

659458
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

745396
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate_C20H29N4O16P
type: Species

600210
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748323
type: SpeciesReference

616452
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744770
type: SpeciesReference

534837
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744086
type: SpeciesReference

752713
product: 584565
product: 584553
reactant: 584541
reactant: 584529
notes: Abbreviation: R_BHBt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: bhb[e] + h[e] <==> bhb[c] + h[c] Confidence Level: 2 IT, TDV genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Alonso de la Torre SR, Serrano MA, Medina JM.#TITLE:Carrier-mediated beta-D-hydroxybutyrate transport in brush-border membrane vesicles from rat placenta.#JOURNAL:Pediatr Res#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1408469# AUTHORS:Guo K, Lukacik P, Papagrigoriou E, Meier M, Lee WH, Adamski J, Oppermann U.#TITLE:Characterization of Human DHRS6, an Orphan Short Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Enzyme: A NOVEL, CYTOSOLIC TYPE 2 R-beta-HYDROXYBUTYRATE DEHYDROGENASE.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2006#PUBMED:16380372# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoate transport via H+ symport
type: Reaction

605212
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747129
type: SpeciesReference

755679
product: 655325
reactant: 655313
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_crvnc_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : crvnc <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: nC22:6 exchange
type: Reaction

543605
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746883
type: SpeciesReference

628624
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

599452
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746392
type: SpeciesReference

537528
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748651
type: SpeciesReference

586591
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

747929
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H13O18P4FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

564352
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

673061
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

745498
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Cortisol_C21H30O5
type: Species

676085
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

673134
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748159
type: SpeciesReference

689410
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

523181
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744554
type: SpeciesReference

590057
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

745282
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Cys-Gly_C5H10N2O3S
type: Species

756308
notes: Abbreviation: R_SMPD3g Synonyms: _4 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : h2o + sphmyln_hs --> cholp + crm_hs + h Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: LOCUS:_55512#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SMPD3# LOCUS:_55512#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SMPD3# proteins: NAME:sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) #ABBREVIATION:Smpd3.1# NAME:sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) #ABBREVIATION:Smpd3.2# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55512.1) or (55512.2)
type: Reaction
product: 670147
reactant: 670123
product: 670159
reversible: false
name: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II)
reactant: 670135
fast: false
product: 670171

752827
product: 587421
reactant: 587385
fast: false
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal
type: Reaction
reactant: 587373
product: 587409
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEXA17ly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + ksi_deg30 --> acgam + h + ksi_deg32 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 Note that this reaction is specific to beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A and cannot be catalyzed by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B (or presumably beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S). This is also a lumped reaction, representing the cleavage of GalNAc4S or GalNAc6S and N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase or 6-sulfatase. NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1)
product: 587397
reversible: false
product: 587433

691507
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747465
type: SpeciesReference

660133
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744684
type: SpeciesReference

587276
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

556735
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

540805
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744706
type: SpeciesReference

539474
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748611
type: SpeciesReference

747503
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Melatonin_C13H16N2O2
type: Species

671566
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746232
type: SpeciesReference

652600
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745414
type: SpeciesReference

555927
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822
type: SpeciesReference

619733
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

756624
product: 677650
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 677674
product: 677662
reactant: 677638
reactant: 677626
product: 677686
name: phosphatidylserine flippase
reversible: false
reactant: 677614
notes: Abbreviation: R_PSFLIP Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: atp[c] + h2o[c] + ps_hs[e] --> adp[c] + h[c] + pi[c] + ps_hs[c] Confidence Level: 4 See PMID: 10856717 - flippase activity NJ genes: LOCUS:_10396#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP8A1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.1# LOCUS:_57194#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP10A#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.1# proteins: NAME:ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter (APLT), Class I, type 8A, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Atp8a1.1# NAME:ATPase, Class V, type 10A#ABBREVIATION:Atp10a.1# citations: AUTHORS:Daleke DL, Lyles JV.#TITLE:Identification and purification of aminophospholipid flippases.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10856717# AUTHORS:Herzing LB, Kim SJ, Cook EH Jr, Ledbetter DH.#TITLE:The human aminophospholipid-transporting ATPase gene ATP10C maps adjacent to UBE3A and exhibits similar imprinted expression.#JOURNAL:Am J Hum Genet#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11353404# AUTHORS:Mouro I, Halleck MS, Schlegel RA, Mattei MG, Williamson P, Zachowski A, Devaux P, Cartron JP, Colin Y.#TITLE:Cloning, expression, and chromosomal mapping of a human ATPase II gene, member of the third subfamily of P-type ATPases and orthologous to the presumed bovine and murine aminophospholipid translocase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10198212# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10396.1) or (57194.1)

604582
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749287
type: SpeciesReference

572821
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

538651
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747907
type: SpeciesReference

745394
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate_C20H29N4O16P
type: Species

667213
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744864
type: SpeciesReference

526578
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748535
type: SpeciesReference

752715
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4502C9 Synonyms: _5 SUBSYSTEM: CYP Metabolism Equation: [c] : h + nadph + o2 + tolbutamide --> 4mtolbutamide + h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 tolbutamide 4 methyl hydroxylation assumed to take place on outer membrane - xenobiotic metabolism NJ genes: LOCUS:_1559#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2C9#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2c9.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lewis DF.#TITLE:_57 varieties: the human cytochromes P450.#JOURNAL:Pharmacogenomics#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15579107# AUTHORS:Umbenhauer DR, Martin MV, Lloyd RS, Guengerich FP.#TITLE:Abstract Cloning and sequence determination of a complementary DNA related to human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3032244# AUTHORS:Meehan RR, Gosden JR, Rout D, Hastie ND, Friedberg T, Adesnik M, Buckland R, van Heyningen V, Fletcher J, Spurr NK, et al.#TITLE:Human cytochrome P-450 PB-1: a multigene family involved in mephenytoin and steroid oxidations that maps to chromosome 10.#JOURNAL:Am J Hum Genet#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:2827463# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1559.1)
product: 584650
reactant: 584578
reactant: 584614
product: 584638
reversible: false
product: 584626
reactant: 584602
reactant: 584590
name: cytochrome P450 2C9
fast: false
type: Reaction

668397
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746014
type: SpeciesReference

745496
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Cortisol_C21H30O5
type: Species

597339
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

659241
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

589430
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

574471
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749061
type: SpeciesReference

755677
product: 655301
type: Reaction
reactant: 655229
notes: Abbreviation: R_ESTRIOLGLCte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: atp[c] + estriolglc[c] + h2o[c] --> adp[c] + estriolglc[e] + h[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 2 for MDR transport mechanism NJ genes: LOCUS:_4363#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABCC1.1# proteins: NAME:ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 1#ABBREVIATION:ABCC1.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4363.1)
fast: false
product: 655265
reactant: 655241
reversible: false
product: 655289
product: 655277
name: glucuronidated compound transport
reactant: 655253

596067
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746971
type: SpeciesReference

523758
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855
type: SpeciesReference

745494
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Cortisol_C21H30O5
type: Species

752829
product: 587483
product: 587470
reactant: 587458
reactant: 587445
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR34 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: (2) fadh2[m] + lneldccoa[c] --> (1.125) R3coa_hs[c] + (2) fad[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R group artificial flux
type: Reaction

756306
product: 670111
reactant: 670098
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_taur_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : taur <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Taurine exchange
type: Reaction

745280
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CDPethanolamine_C11H19N4O11P2
type: Species

642603
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746474
type: SpeciesReference

746761
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 10_C55H80N3O70S8
type: Species

543713
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747733
type: SpeciesReference

564569
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

691880
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747353
type: SpeciesReference

604425
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746403
type: SpeciesReference

605927
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746319
type: SpeciesReference

554848
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

586483
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

528727
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

561169
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

594454
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745208
type: SpeciesReference

672602
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744354
type: SpeciesReference

667514
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744038
type: SpeciesReference

655577
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747467
type: SpeciesReference

566017
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746223
type: SpeciesReference

519999
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748985
type: SpeciesReference

567844
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

749329
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Biotin_C10H15N2O3S
type: Species

682829
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

656409
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748087
type: SpeciesReference

756840
product: 682529
product: 682517
reactant: 682505
reactant: 682493
notes: Abbreviation: R_CHATn Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [n] : accoa + chol <==> ach + coa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1103#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHAT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.6# LOCUS:_1103#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CHAT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.6# LOCUS:_1103#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CHAT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.6# LOCUS:_1103#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CHAT#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.6# proteins: NAME:choline acetyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Chat.1# NAME:choline acetyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Chat.2# NAME:choline acetyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Chat.3# NAME:choline acetyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Chat.4# citations: AUTHORS:Dobransky T, Davis WL, Xiao GH, Rylett RJ.#TITLE:Expression, purification and characterization of recombinant human choline acetyltransferase: phosphorylation of the enzyme regulates catalytic activity.#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10861222# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1103.4) or (1103.1) or (1103.3) or (1103.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Choline O-acetyltransferase
type: Reaction

757236
product: 692316
product: 692304
reactant: 692292
reactant: 692280
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCASE2ly Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 3.2.1.51 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi --> fuc-L + ksi_deg1 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2517#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUCA1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.51# proteins: NAME:alpha-fucosidase 1, lysosomal (tissue)#ABBREVIATION:Fuca1.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Johnson SW, Alhadeff JA.#TITLE:Mammalian alpha-L-fucosidases#JOURNAL:Comp Biochem Physiol B#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1769200# AUTHORS:Occhiodoro T, Beckmann KR, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human alpha-L-fucosidase: complete coding sequence from cDNA clones#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2803312# AUTHORS:Fukushima H, de Wet JR, O'Brien JS#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a cDNA for human alpha-L-fucosidase#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2983333# AUTHORS:Khunsook S, Alhadeff JA, Bean BS#TITLE:Purification and characterization of human seminal plasma alpha-L-fucosidase.#JOURNAL:Mol Hum Reprod#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11870229# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2517.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-fucosidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

656554
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749289
type: SpeciesReference

663959
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749343
type: SpeciesReference

591445
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744420
type: SpeciesReference

755675
type: Reaction
name: spermine synthase
product: 655192
product: 655205
fast: false
reversible: false
reactant: 655180
reactant: 655168
product: 655217
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPRMS Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.5.1.22 SUBSYSTEM: Urea cycle/amino group metabolism Equation: [c] : ametam + spmd --> 5mta + h + sprm Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6611#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SMS#ECNUMBERS:2.5.1.22# proteins: NAME:spermine synthase#ABBREVIATION:Sms.1# citations: AUTHORS:Korhonen VP, Halmekyto M, Kauppinen L, Myohanen S, Wahlfors J, Keinanen T, Hyvonen T, Alhonen L, Eloranta T, Janne J#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding human spermine synthase#JOURNAL:DNA Cell Biol#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7546290# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6611.1)

555684
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744046
type: SpeciesReference

755141
reactant: 642858
reactant: 642833
type: Reaction
reactant: 642871
reversible: false
product: 642884
product: 642910
fast: false
product: 642897
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
product: 642923
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC226205x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome Equation: [x] : c226coa + coa + h2o + nad --> accoa + h + nadh + tmndnccoa Confidence Level: 4 _1 round of beta-oxidation, loses degree of desat, so no fad - in peroxisome, no fad, 1ste set of beta-ox is by acyl-coa oxidase (passes electrons directly to o2 -> h2o2) peroxisomal (very long chain FA) c22:6,n-3 -> c20:5, n-3 4 step FAO lumped also includes EC 1.1.1.35, 1.1.1.211, 1.3.3.6, 4.2.1.17, 4.2.1.74 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# LOCUS:_1962#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EHHADH#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17.1.1.1.# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal beta-oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.2-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.2-x# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (3295.1 and 30.1 and 51.2) or (51.1 and 3295.1 and 30.1) or (30.1 and 51.2 and 1962.1) or (51.1 and 30.1 and 1962.1)
reactant: 642846

747925
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkyl 2-acteylglycerol 3-phosphocholine (homo sapiens)_C11H23O4NPFULLRCO2
type: Species

556639
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

548482
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746605
type: SpeciesReference

544051
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744334
type: SpeciesReference

746657
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Homocysteine_C4H9NO2S
type: Species

749433
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl carnitine_C16H35NO4
type: Species

603774
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748385
type: SpeciesReference

691110
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744124
type: SpeciesReference

617696
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745156
type: SpeciesReference

632519
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745958
type: SpeciesReference

609143
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

681429
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

677012
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746250
type: SpeciesReference

756304
product: 670086
product: 670074
reactant: 670062
reactant: 670050
notes: Abbreviation: R_H6ET3er Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [r] : m2emgacpail_hs + pe_hs --> dag_hs + em2emgacpail_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5281#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGF# LOCUS:_84720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIGO# LOCUS:_84720#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIGO# LOCUS:_5281#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIGF# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class F, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigf.1-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class F, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigf.2-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class O, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigo.1-r# NAME:phosphatidylinositol glycan, class O, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Pigo.2-r# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Hong Y, Maeda Y, Watanabe R, Inoue N, Ohishi K, Kinoshita T#TITLE:Requirement of PIG-F and PIG-O for transferring phosphoethanolamine to the third mannose in glycosylphosphatidylinositol#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10781593# AUTHORS:Inoue N, Kinoshita T, Orii T, Takeda J#TITLE:Cloning of a human gene, PIG-F, a component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis, by a novel expression cloning strategy#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8463218# GENE ASSOCIATION: (84720.2) and (5281.1) or (84720.1) and (5281.2) or (5281.1) and (84720.1) or (84720.2) and (5281.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: H6 phosphoethanolaminyl transferase, endoplasmic reticulum
type: Reaction

745492
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Creatinine_C4H7N3O
type: Species

678712
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749483
type: SpeciesReference

680040
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746909
type: SpeciesReference

668168
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747151
type: SpeciesReference

746763
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 11_C55H81N3O67S7
type: Species

753531
product: 603606
product: 603594
reactant: 603582
reactant: 603570
notes: Abbreviation: R_GTHPm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.11.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Glutathione Metabolism Equation: [m] : (2) gthrd + h2o2 <==> gthox + (2) h2o Confidence Level: 4 TV (8-15-2003) genes: LOCUS:_2879#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GPX4# LOCUS:_10935#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PRDX3# LOCUS:_10935#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PRDX3# proteins: NAME:Glutathione peroxidase 4 (phospholipid hydroperoxidase), mitochondrial&cytoplasmic#ABBREVIATION:Gpx4.1-m# NAME:Peroxiredoxin3#ABBREVIATION:Prdx3.1# NAME:Peroxiredoxin 3#ABBREVIATION:Prdx3.2# citations: AUTHORS:Borchert A, Savaskan NE, Kuhn H.#TITLE:Regulation of expression of the phospholipid hydroperoxide/sperm nucleus glutathione peroxidase gene. Tissue-specific expression pattern and identification of functional cis- and trans-regulatory elements.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12427732# AUTHORS:Metzler, David E #TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 1#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10935.1) or (2879.1) or (10935.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glutathione peroxidase, mitochondria
type: Reaction

535916
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

600865
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

749327
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Biocytin_C16H28N4O4S
type: Species

694402
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

757238
reactant: 692328
product: 692376
name: _3-sulfino-alanine transaminase (irreversible), mitochondrial
reversible: false
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_3SALATAim Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: [m] : 3sala + akg + h --> 3snpyr + glu-L Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: LOCUS:_2806#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GOT2#ECNUMBERS:2.6.1.1# proteins: NAME:aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Got2.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (2806.1)
type: Reaction
reactant: 692340
reactant: 692352
product: 692364

677314
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

573498
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

756628
product: 677746
reactant: 677734
notes: Abbreviation: R_RAI2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : retinal <==> retinal-cis-9 Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: retinal isomerase (9-cis)
type: Reaction

544268
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745362
type: SpeciesReference

577273
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611
type: SpeciesReference

571020
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746225
type: SpeciesReference

746659
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)_C16H31O2
type: Species

747927
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _1-alkyl 2-acteylglycerol 3-phosphocholine (homo sapiens)_C11H23O4NPFULLRCO2
type: Species

755673
product: 655156
product: 655144
reactant: 655132
reactant: 655120
notes: Abbreviation: R_MCD Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [c] : h + malcoa --> accoa + co2 Confidence Level: 4 TDV (9/14/2004) NJ added cytoplasmic reaction removed "c" -- former "MCD" has been changed to "MCDm" to denote mitochondrial localization - NCD genes: LOCUS:_23417#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MLYCD#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.9# proteins: NAME:malonyl-CoA decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Mlycd.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kerner J, Hoppel CL.#TITLE:Radiochemical malonyl-CoA decarboxylase assay: activity and subcellular distribution in heart and skeletal muscle.#JOURNAL:Anal Biochem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12123667# AUTHORS:Wightman PJ, Santer R, Ribes A, Dougherty F, McGill N, Thorburn DR, FitzPatrick DR#TITLE:MLYCD mutation analysis: evidence for protein mistargeting as a cause of MLYCD deficiency#JOURNAL:Hum Mutat#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12955715# GENE ASSOCIATION: (23417.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase cytoplasmic
type: Reaction

670449
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

563930
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

752711
product: 584492
type: Reaction
product: 584517
product: 584504
notes: Abbreviation: R_RBK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.15 SUBSYSTEM: Pentose Phosphate Pathway Equation: [c] : atp + rib-D --> adp + h + r5p Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_64080#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RBKS#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.15# proteins: NAME:ribokinase#ABBREVIATION:Rbks.1# citations: AUTHORS:Agranoff BW, Brady RO#TITLE:Purification and properties of calf liver ribokinase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1956#PUBMED:13295274# AUTHORS:Segal S, Foley J#TITLE:The metabolism of D-ribose in man.#JOURNAL:J Clin Invest#YEAR:1958#PUBMED:13539215# GENE ASSOCIATION: (64080.1)
reactant: 584480
fast: false
reactant: 584468
reversible: false
name: ribokinase

597121
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743876
type: SpeciesReference

564641
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746713
type: SpeciesReference

749431
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: demethylated antipyrine_C10H10N2O
type: Species

688496
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

640323
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

658602
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

660894
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

756528
name: fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase
reversible: true
product: 675233
type: Reaction
product: 675221
reactant: 675209
reactant: 675197
notes: Abbreviation: R_F1PGT Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 2.7.7.30 SUBSYSTEM: Fructose and Mannose Metabolism Equation: [c] : fuc1p-L + gtp + h <==> gdpfuc + ppi Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8790#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FPGT#ECNUMBERS:2.7.7.30# proteins: NAME:fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase#ABBREVIATION:Fpgt.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (8790.1)
reactant: 675185
fast: false

686587
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749001
type: SpeciesReference

565099
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746461
type: SpeciesReference

745490
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3
type: Species

756302
product: 670038
reactant: 670026
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_aprgstrn_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : aprgstrn <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _20alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone exchange
type: Reaction

650417
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746605
type: SpeciesReference

528168
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

569144
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748133
type: SpeciesReference

693860
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743984
type: SpeciesReference

755898
product: 660690
product: 660678
reactant: 660666
reactant: 660653
notes: Abbreviation: R_3MOBt2im Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: _3mob[c] + h[c] --> 3mob[m] + h[m] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Hutson SM, Hall TR.#TITLE:Identification of the mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase as a branched chain alpha-keto acid transport protein.#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8428987# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate mitochondrial transport via proton symport
type: Reaction

662189
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

745398
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate_C20H29N4O16P
type: Species

624831
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746633
type: SpeciesReference

753533
product: 603690
reversible: false
reactant: 603618
fast: false
product: 603666
type: Reaction
reactant: 603654
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR203 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: (2) fadh2[m] + h[m] + lnlncgcoa[c] + nadph[m] --> (1.125) R2coa_hs[c] + (2) fad[m] + nadp[m] Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 603678
name: R group artificial flux
reactant: 603630
reactant: 603642

650562
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744940
type: SpeciesReference

746765
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 12_C55H82N3O64S6
type: Species

625939
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746649
type: SpeciesReference

596657
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746340
type: SpeciesReference

690133
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749253
type: SpeciesReference

681200
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747133
type: SpeciesReference

746653
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: hydroxy coumarin_C9H6O3
type: Species

557196
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746218
type: SpeciesReference

753463
product: 602223
reactant: 602211
notes: Abbreviation: R_FRDPtc Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: frdp[x] <==> frdp[c] Confidence Level: 2 cholesterol precursor, transport by "diffusion" -> actually beleived to be flip-flop mechanism (PMID: 12840657). See also Krisans (PMID: 14713247, PMID: 12121718) for synthesis of cholesterol pathway (why FRDP needs to be transported between ER and peroxisome) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Fast flip-flop of cholesterol and fatty acids in membranes: implications for membrane transport proteins.#JOURNAL:Curr Opin Lipidol. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12840657# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: lipid, flip-flop intracellular transport
type: Reaction

753689
reversible: false
fast: false
reactant: 607482
reactant: 607506
product: 607518
product: 607542
notes: Abbreviation: R_DESAT22_1p Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.14.19.1 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid elongation Equation: [x] : adrncoa + h + nadh + o2 --> dcsptn1coa + (2) h2o + nad Confidence Level: 4 for homo sapiens, noted to actually be NADH-cyt b5, using NADH at present Sprecher "An update on the pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism" among others describe peroxisomal localization (inner side) n-6 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Sprecher H#TITLE:An update on the pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism#JOURNAL:Curr Opn in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Horrobin DF#TITLE:Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:1990# AUTHORS:Leonard AE, Bobik EG, Dorado J, Kroeger PE, Chuang LT, Thurmond JM, Parker-Barnes JM, Das T, Huang YS, Mukerji P#TITLE:Cloning of a human cDNA encoding a novel enzyme involved in the elongation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:Ferdinandusse S, Denis S, Mooijer PAW, Zhang Z, Reddy JK, Spector AA, Wanders RJA#TITLE:Identification of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid#JOURNAL:Journal of Lipid Research#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Pereira SL, Leonard AE, Mukerji P#TITLE:Recent advances in the study of fatty acid desaturases from animals and lower eukaryotes#JOURNAL:Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 607530
type: Reaction
name: fatty acyl-CoA desaturase (n-C22:4CoA -> n-C22:5CoA)
reactant: 607494
reactant: 607470

598629
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744718
type: SpeciesReference

755671
fast: false
product: 655096
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_TRDRm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.8.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [m] : h + nadph + trdox --> nadp + trdrd Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10587#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD2# LOCUS:_10587#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD2#ECNUMBERS:1.8.1.9# LOCUS:_10587#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD2#ECNUMBERS:1.8.1.9# LOCUS:_114112#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TXNRD3# proteins: NAME:thioredoxin reductase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Txnrd2.1-m# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Txnrd2.2-m# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 2#ABBREVIATION:Txnrd2.3-m# NAME:thioredoxin reductase 3 #ABBREVIATION:Txnrd3.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Kim MR, Chang HS, Kim BH, Kim S, Baek SH, Kim JH, Lee SR, Kim JR.#TITLE:Involvements of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2) in cell proliferation.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12705894# AUTHORS:Miranda-Vizuete A, Damdimopoulos AE, Pedrajas JR, Gustafsson JA, Spyrou G.#TITLE:Human mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase cDNA cloning, expression and genomic organization. #JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10215850# AUTHORS:Sun QA, Kirnarsky L, Sherman S, Gladyshev VN.#TITLE:Selenoprotein oxidoreductase with specificity for thioredoxin and glutathione systems.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11259642# GENE ASSOCIATION: (114112.1) or (10587.1) or (10587.3) or (10587.2)
reversible: false
product: 655108
reactant: 655060
reactant: 655072
name: thioredoxin reductase (NADPH)
reactant: 655084

663802
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745676
type: SpeciesReference

595121
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746781
type: SpeciesReference

551194
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

755033
product: 640287
reactant: 640275
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_cyan_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : cyan <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Hydrogen cyanide exchange
type: Reaction

678215
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

519842
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697
type: SpeciesReference

678820
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

747509
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: (mannosyl),(phosphoethanolaminyl)-mannosyl-glucosylaminyl-acylphosphatidylinositol (B)_C45H84N2O27P2FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

521436
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744760
type: SpeciesReference

749325
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Bilirubin_C33H34N4O6
type: Species

647284
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

603450
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746430
type: SpeciesReference

746767
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 13_C55H83N3O61S5
type: Species

591868
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748283
type: SpeciesReference

613494
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746947
type: SpeciesReference

603666
stoichiometry: 1.125
species: 744526
type: SpeciesReference

526420
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749059
type: SpeciesReference

597011
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748171
type: SpeciesReference

636931
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721
type: SpeciesReference

597928
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749545
type: SpeciesReference

573211
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744844
type: SpeciesReference

749323
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Bilirubin monoglucuronide_C39H44N4O12
type: Species

660363
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748711
type: SpeciesReference

652756
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745212
type: SpeciesReference

753535
reversible: false
reactant: 603702
reactant: 603714
name: phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, nuclear
product: 603750
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI5P4Kn Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.149 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [n] : atp + pail5p_hs --> adp + h + pail45p_hs Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF#TITLE:Nuclear lipid signalling#JOURNAL:Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12728269# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 603726
product: 603738
fast: false

531429
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

745862
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dehydroepiandrosterone_C19H28O2
type: Species

542564
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745112
type: SpeciesReference

564797
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746261
type: SpeciesReference

555576
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745062
type: SpeciesReference

755031
product: 640263
product: 640251
reactant: 640239
reactant: 640227
notes: Abbreviation: R_BPNT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.7 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : h2o + pap --> amp + pi Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_10380#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:BPNT1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.7# proteins: NAME:_3'(2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Bpnt1# citations: AUTHORS:Spiegelberg BD, Xiong JP, Smith JJ, Gu RF, York JD.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of a mammalian lithium-sensitive bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase inhibited by inositol 1,4-bisphosphate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10224133# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10380.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3',5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase
type: Reaction

747815
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Superoxide anion_O2
type: Species

660218
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747085
type: SpeciesReference

671458
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745684
type: SpeciesReference

637882
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747647
type: SpeciesReference

750663
product: 535793
product: 535781
reactant: 535769
reactant: 535757
notes: Abbreviation: R_A_MANASE Synonyms: _6 EC Number: 3.2.1.24 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Degradation Equation: [c] : (2) h2o + m2mn --> (2) man + mn Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4123#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN2C1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.24# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 2C, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Man2c1.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4123.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-mannosidase
type: Reaction

689506
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

756300
product: 670014
reactant: 670002
reactant: 669990
notes: Abbreviation: R_RTOT_3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: [c] : R1coa_hs + R2coa_hs --> (2) Rtotal3coa Confidence Level: 0 User defined, tissue specific fluxes that can be customized w/ various ratios of R1 through R5 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R total flux 3 position
type: Reaction

749437
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Dopamine 3-O-sulfate_C8H11NO5S
type: Species

535355
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747443
type: SpeciesReference

694558
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746609
type: SpeciesReference

681538
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743978
type: SpeciesReference

689651
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745518
type: SpeciesReference

756950
product: 685336
reversible: false
name: IMP dehydrogenase
reactant: 685324
product: 685360
type: Reaction
reactant: 685300
reactant: 685312
fast: false
product: 685348
notes: Abbreviation: R_IMPD Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.205 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : h2o + imp + nad --> h + nadh + xmp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_3615#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:IMPDH2#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.205# LOCUS:_3614#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:IMPDH1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.205# LOCUS:_3614#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:IMPDH1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.205# proteins: NAME:IMP (inosine monophosphate) dehydrogenase 1 #ABBREVIATION:ImpDH1.1# NAME:IMP (inosine monophosphate) dehydrogenase 1 #ABBREVIATION:ImpDH1.2# NAME:IMP (inosine monophosphate) dehydrogenase 2 #ABBREVIATION:ImpDH2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Natsumeda Y, Ohno S, Kawasaki H, Konno Y, Weber G, Suzuki K.#TITLE:Two distinct cDNAs for human IMP dehydrogenase.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1990# AUTHORS:Gu JJ, Kaiser-Rogers K, Rao K, Mitchell BS.#TITLE:Assignment of the human type I IMP dehydrogenase gene (IMPDH1) to chromosome 7q31.3-q32). #JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1994# AUTHORS:Xiang B, Taylor JC, Markham GD. #TITLE:Monovalent cation activation and kinetic mechanism of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. #JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1996# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3614.1) or (3615.1) or (3614.2)

632628
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

608399
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

537413
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

746655
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hydroxy coumarin_C9H6O3
type: Species

753465
product: 602247
reactant: 602235
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ade_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ade <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Adenine exchange
type: Reaction

693752
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

618096
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

662297
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744704
type: SpeciesReference

560965
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744532
type: SpeciesReference

634890
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

574019
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

756148
reversible: false
name: fucosyltransferase 3 (galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase, Lewis blood group included) 1
product: 666320
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 666332
reactant: 666296
product: 666344
reactant: 666308
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT32g Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 2.4.1.65 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : acngalacglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fucacngalacglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2525#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.65# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 3 (galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase, Lewis blood group)#ABBREVIATION:Fut3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Cakir B, Pankow JS, Salomaa V, Couper D, Morris TL, Brantley KR, Hiller KM, Heiss G, Weston BW.#TITLE:Distribution of Lewis (FUT3)genotype and allele: frequencies in a biethnic United States population.#JOURNAL:Ann Hematol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12424536# AUTHORS:Sousa VL, Brito C, Costa T, Lanoix J, Nilsson T, Costa J.#TITLE:Importance of Cys, Gln, and Tyr from the transmembrane domain of human alpha 3/4 fucosyltransferase III for its localization and sorting in the Golgi of baby hamster kidney cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12493760# AUTHORS:Kukowska-Latallo JF, Larsen RD, Nair RP, Lowe JB.#TITLE:A cloned human cDNA determines expression of a mouse stage-specific embryonic antigen and the Lewis blood group alpha(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferase.#JOURNAL:Genes Dev#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1977660# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2525.1)

640431
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746036
type: SpeciesReference

571177
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746250
type: SpeciesReference

746440
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _5-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine_C8H13N2O5
type: Species

756418
reversible: false
product: 672722
reactant: 672674
name: galactose/N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase, Golgi apparatus
product: 672710
product: 672698
reactant: 672686
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6T8g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre16 + paps --> h + ksi_pre17 + pap Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10164#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST4# LOCUS:_9435#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST2# LOCUS:_23563#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST5# LOCUS:_23563#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CHST5# LOCUS:_4166#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST6# proteins: NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine-6-O) sulfotransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:Chst2.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 4, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst4.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst5.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst5.2-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chst6.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Uchimura K, Fasakhany F, Kadomatsu K, Matsukawa T, Yamakawa T, Kurosawa N, Muramatsu T#TITLE:Diversity of N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferases: molecular cloning of a novel enzyme with different distribution and specificities#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10913333# AUTHORS:Akama TO, Nakayama J, Nishida K, Hiraoka N, Suzuki M, McAuliffe J, Hindsgaul O, Fukuda M, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Human corneal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase and mouse intestinal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase both produce keratan sulfate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11278593# AUTHORS:de Graffenried CL, Bertozzi CR#TITLE:Golgi localization of carbohydrate sulfotransferases is a determinant of L-selectin ligand biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12855678# AUTHORS:Uchimura K, Muramatsu H, Kaname T, Ogawa H, Yamakawa T, Fan QW, Mitsuoka C, Kannagi R, Habuchi O, Yokoyama I, Yamamura K, Ozaki T, Nakagawara A, Kadomatsu K, Muramatsu T#TITLE:Human N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase involved in…
type: Reaction
fast: false

549293
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746299
type: SpeciesReference

661517
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747475
type: SpeciesReference

582779
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747347
type: SpeciesReference

686695
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748059
type: SpeciesReference

749321
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Bilirubin beta-diglucuronide_C45H50N4O18
type: Species

635556
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747911
type: SpeciesReference

752821
product: 587263
product: 587251
reactant: 587239
reactant: 587227
notes: Abbreviation: R_ENMAN1g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : g1m8masn + h2o --> glc1man + m7masnA Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Spiro RG#TITLE:Glucose residues as key determinants in the biosynthesis and quality control of glycoproteins with N-linked oligosaccharides.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11007802# AUTHORS:Roth J, Ziak M, Zuber C.#TITLE:The role of glucosidase II and endomannosidase in glucose trimming of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides.#JOURNAL:Biochimie#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12770767# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Endomannosidase (glc1man-producing), Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

746442
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: glucocerebroside (homo sapiens)_C24H46NO7FULLRCO
type: Species

569035
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

545949
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748457
type: SpeciesReference

746769
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 14_C57H84N3O62S5
type: Species

747817
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Oxaloacetate_C4H2O5
type: Species

563822
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747733
type: SpeciesReference

624988
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486
type: SpeciesReference

615702
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746865
type: SpeciesReference

753537
reactant: 603774
product: 603786
name: purine-nucleoside phosphorylase
reactant: 603762
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_PNP Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.2.1 SUBSYSTEM: NAD Metabolism Equation: [c] : pi + rnam <==> h + ncam + r1p Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_4860#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NP#ECNUMBERS:3.4.2.1# proteins: NAME:nucleoside phosphorylase #ABBREVIATION:Np.1# citations: AUTHORS:Magni G, Amici A, Emanuelli M, Orsomando G, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S.#TITLE:Enzymology of NAD+ homeostasis in man.#JOURNAL:Cell Mol Life Sci#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14704851# AUTHORS:Wielgus-Kutrowska B, Kulikowska E, Wierzchowski J, Bzowska A, Shugar D.#TITLE:Nicotinamide riboside, an unusual, non-typical, substrate of purified purine-nucleoside phosphorylases.#JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9030766# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4860.1)
product: 603810
product: 603798
fast: false
reversible: true

745860
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Dehydroascorbate_C6H6O6
type: Species

696897
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746104
type: SpeciesReference

533000
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748859
type: SpeciesReference

594490
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749419
type: SpeciesReference

584287
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744816
type: SpeciesReference

756738
product: 680282
product: 680270
reactant: 680257
reactant: 680244
notes: Abbreviation: R_5MTHFt2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _5mthf[e] + oh1[c] <==> 5mthf[c] + oh1[e] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_6573#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC19A1# LOCUS:_6573#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC19A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc19a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc19a1.2# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Ganapathy V, Smith SB, Prasad PD.#TITLE:SLC19: the folate/thiamine transporter family.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770311# AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6573.1) or (6573.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5-methyltetrahydrofolate transport via anion exchange
type: Reaction

696161
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745500
type: SpeciesReference

598775
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

746441
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine_C8H13N2O5S
type: Species

600975
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749816
type: SpeciesReference

670892
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

586891
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749824
type: SpeciesReference

672710
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747061
type: SpeciesReference

545432
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746082
type: SpeciesReference

750661
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 535733
reversible: false
reactant: 535696
reactant: 535708
reactant: 535721
name: N-acetylgalactosaminidase, beta-
notes: Abbreviation: R_NAGAlby Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [l] : acgbgbside_hs + h + udp --> gbside_hs + udpacgal Confidence Level: 1 Beta-galactosidase B - no evidence to support this actually happens yet; added by analogy with alpha-galactosidase B (NAGAIy) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 535745

749435
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Dopamine_C8H12NO2
type: Species

612098
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

670291
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744382
type: SpeciesReference

689301
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744914
type: SpeciesReference

744498
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
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name: L-Cystine_C6H12N2O4S2
type: Species

690024
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species: 744688
type: SpeciesReference

750068
product: 521557
reactant: 521544
reactant: 521532
notes: Abbreviation: R_TYRDOPO Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.14.18.1 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : o2 + (2) tyr-L --> (2) 34dhphe Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_7299#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TYR#ECNUMBERS:1.14.18.1# proteins: NAME:tyrosinase#ABBREVIATION:Tyr.1# citations: AUTHORS:Aaron Bunsen Lerner, Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, Evan Calkins, and William H. Summerson#TITLE:MAMMALIAN TYROSINASE: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES#JOURNAL:J. Biol. Chem#YEAR:1949# AUTHORS:Pomerantz SH#TITLE:The tyrosine hydroxylase activity of mammalian tyrosinase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1968#PUBMED:5294951# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7299.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Tyrosine:dopa oxidase
type: Reaction

655024
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901
type: SpeciesReference

681103
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

686260
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408
type: SpeciesReference

556845
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species: 749249
type: SpeciesReference

563270
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746056
type: SpeciesReference

753685
reactant: 607386
product: 607422
name: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST3GAL21g Synonyms: _7 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : cmpacna + ga1_hs --> cmp + gm1b_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6483#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT4B#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.4# proteins: NAME:sialyltransferase 4B, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Siat4b.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Giordanengo V, Bannwarth S, Laffont C, Van Miegem V, Harduin-Lepers A, Delannoy P, Lefebvre JC. #TITLE:Cloning and expression of cDNA for a human Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase from the CEM T-cell line. #JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9266697# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6483.1)
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reversible: false
fast: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 607398
product: 607410

745288
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has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
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in compartment: 743847
name: N,N'-Diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human uterine homolog_C1185H1940N20O170P20
type: Species

667927
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745684
type: SpeciesReference

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752717
name: Itaconate--CoA ligase (GDP-forming), mitochondrial
product: 584722
reactant: 584674
product: 584698
product: 584710
fast: false
reversible: true
reactant: 584686
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_ITCOAL1m Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 6.2.1.4 SUBSYSTEM: C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism Equation: [m] : coa + gtp + itacon <==> gdp + itaccoa + pi Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_8802#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUCLG1#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.4# LOCUS:_8801#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUCLG2#ECNUMBERS:6.2.1.4# proteins: NAME:Succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming), mitochondiral#ABBREVIATION:Suclg-m# citations: AUTHORS:WANG SF, ADLER J, LARDY HA#TITLE:The pathway of itaconate metabolism by liver mitochondria#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1961#PUBMED:13783048# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8802.1 and 8801.1)
reactant: 584662

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name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P
type: Species

672832
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species: 747475
type: SpeciesReference

567731
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species: 746977
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747505
constant: false
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has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: ({[(mannosyl),(phosphoethanolaminyl)]-dimannosyl},{phosphoethanolaminyl})-mannosyl-glucosaminyl-acylphosphatidylinositol (M4B)_C59H110N3O40P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

747819
constant: false
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initial concentration: NaN
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in compartment: 743858
name: Oxaloacetate_C4H2O5
type: Species

639398
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species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

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initial concentration: NaN
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name: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate_C19H27O5S
type: Species

753539
product: 603834
reactant: 603822
notes: Abbreviation: R_THYMDtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: thymd[c] <==> thymd[m] Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_2030#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a1.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Lai Y, Tse CM, Unadkat JD.#TITLE:Mitochondrial expression of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) results in enhanced mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14607828# AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Ward JL, Sherali A, Mo ZP, Tse CM.#TITLE:Kinetic and pharmacological properties of cloned human equilibrative nucleoside transporters, ENT1 and ENT2, stably expressed in nucleoside transporter-deficient PK15 cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10722669# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2030.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: thymd transport
type: Reaction

681756
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748217
type: SpeciesReference

587167
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

752823
product: 587312
product: 587300
reactant: 587288
reactant: 587276
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCNACASE5ly Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 3.2.1.50 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg24 --> acgam + hs_deg25 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4669#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NAGLU#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.50# proteins: NAME:N-acetylglucosaminidase, alpha- (Sanfilippo disease IIIB), lysosome#ABBREVIATION:Naglu.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Weber B, Blanch L, Clements PR, Scott HS, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Cloning and expression of the gene involved in Sanfilippo B syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis III B)#JOURNAL:Hum Mol Genet#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8776591# AUTHORS:Sasaki T, Sukegawa K, Masue M, Fukuda S, Tomatsu S, Orii T#TITLE:Purification and partial characterization of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase from human liver#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1783617# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4669.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

620928
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747359
type: SpeciesReference

607554
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746825
type: SpeciesReference

680153
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species: 744578
type: SpeciesReference

745286
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boundary condition: false
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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N,N'-Diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, human liver homolog_C1240H2028N20O170P20
type: Species

534727
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

623251
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744740
type: SpeciesReference

756736
product: 680231
reactant: 680218
notes: Abbreviation: R_PEPLYStn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: peplys[e] <==> peplys[n] Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: peptide (lysine) nuclear transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

643165
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748747
type: SpeciesReference

591021
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748355
type: SpeciesReference

523072
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748739
type: SpeciesReference

668807
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species: 744852
type: SpeciesReference

585506
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species: 746482
type: SpeciesReference

624553
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745684
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661050
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species: 747681
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596176
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species: 746328
type: SpeciesReference

750066
product: 521520
product: 521508
reactant: 521496
reactant: 521484
notes: Abbreviation: R_GCHOLAt2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: gchola[e] + (2) na1[e] --> gchola[c] + (2) na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 electrogenic uptake NJ genes: LOCUS:_6555#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC10A2# LOCUS:_6554#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC10A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter family), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc10a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter family), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc10a2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Hagenbuch B, Dawson P.#TITLE:The sodium bile salt cotransport family SLC10.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12851823# AUTHORS:Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, chromosomal localization, and functional characterization of a human liver Na+/bile acid cotransporter.#JOURNAL:J Clin Invest.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8132774# AUTHORS:Oelkers P, Kirby LC, Heubi JE, Dawson PA.#TITLE:Primary bile acid malabsorption caused by mutations in the ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter gene (SLC10A2).#JOURNAL:J Clin Invest.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9109432# AUTHORS:Wong MH, Oelkers P, Dawson PA.#TITLE:Identification of a mutation in the ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter gene that abolishes transport activity.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7592981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6554.1) or (6555.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: glycocholate transport via sodium cotransport
type: Reaction

561629
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747465
type: SpeciesReference

744496
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Cysteate_C3H6NO5S
type: Species

627083
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species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

753461
product: 602199
product: 602187
reactant: 602175
reactant: 602163
notes: Abbreviation: R_MM5ag Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 3.2.1.113 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : h2o + m5masnC --> m4masn + man Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4121#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A1# LOCUS:_10905#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A2# LOCUS:_57134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1C1# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 1, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a1.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 2, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a2.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1, Golgi apparatus (all tested except lung, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:Man1c1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel human Golgi alpha 1, 2-mannosidase (IC) involved in N-glycan biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10915796# AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Campbell Dyke N, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and tissue-specific expression of a novel human alpha1,2-mannosidase gene involved in N-glycan maturation.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9592125# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4121.1) or (57134.1) or (10905.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

753687
product: 607458
reactant: 607446
notes: Abbreviation: R_NADPtxu Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: nadp[x] --> nadp[c] Confidence Level: 1 diffusion - unidirectional to avoid NADP/NAD loops w/ potential for free H NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Geisbrecht BV, Gould SJ#TITLE:The human PICD gene encodes a cytoplasmic and peroxisomal NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10521434# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: NADP transporter, peroxisome
type: Reaction

746651
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Bicarbonate_CHO3
type: Species

600150
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species: 747735
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540913
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species: 747697
type: SpeciesReference

573329
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species: 748011
type: SpeciesReference

745390
constant: false
boundary condition: false
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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: CMP_C9H12N3O8P
type: Species

752719
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6T10g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre22 + paps --> h + ksi_pre23 + pap Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_10164#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST4# LOCUS:_9435#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST2# LOCUS:_23563#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST5# LOCUS:_23563#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CHST5# LOCUS:_4166#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHST6# proteins: NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine-6-O) sulfotransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:Chst2.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 4, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst4.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst5.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 5, Golgi#ABBREVIATION:Chst5.2-g# NAME:carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chst6.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Uchimura K, Fasakhany F, Kadomatsu K, Matsukawa T, Yamakawa T, Kurosawa N, Muramatsu T#TITLE:Diversity of N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferases: molecular cloning of a novel enzyme with different distribution and specificities#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10913333# AUTHORS:Akama TO, Nakayama J, Nishida K, Hiraoka N, Suzuki M, McAuliffe J, Hindsgaul O, Fukuda M, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Human corneal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase and mouse intestinal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase both produce keratan sulfate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11278593# AUTHORS:de Graffenried CL, Bertozzi CR#TITLE:Golgi localization of carbohydrate sulfotransferases is a determinant of L-selectin ligand biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12855678# AUTHORS:Uchimura K, Muramatsu H, Kaname T, Ogawa H, Yamakawa T, Fan QW, Mitsuoka C, Kannagi R, Habuchi O, Yokoyama I, Yamamura K, Ozaki T, Nakagawara A, Kadomatsu K, Muramatsu T#TITLE:Human N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase involved i…
reactant: 584734
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 584783
reactant: 584746
type: Reaction
product: 584758
product: 584770
name: galactose/N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase, Golgi apparatus

573911
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749329
type: SpeciesReference

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initial amount: NaN
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name: ({[(mannosyl),(phosphoethanolaminyl)]-dimannosyl},{phosphoethanolaminyl})-mannosyl-glucosaminyl-acylphosphatidylinositol-Protein (M4B)_C59H110N3O40P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2X
type: Species

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species: 746619
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initial amount: NaN
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name: Dehydroepiandrosterone_C19H28O2
type: Species

676639
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species: 746613
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type: SpeciesReference

752825
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product: 587349
reactant: 587337
reactant: 587325
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACP1_LPAREN_FMN_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.2 SUBSYSTEM: Riboflavin Metabolism Equation: [c] : fmn + h2o --> pi + ribflv Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_52#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACP1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# LOCUS:_52#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACP1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# LOCUS:_52#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ACP1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# proteins: NAME:acid phosphatase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Acp1.1# NAME:acid phosphatase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Acp1.2# NAME:acid phosphatase 1, soluble #ABBREVIATION:Acp1.3# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (52.1) or (52.3) or (52.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: acid phosphatase (FMN)
type: Reaction

634244
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

645901
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

619843
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species: 746010
type: SpeciesReference

756734
product: 680205
product: 680192
reactant: 680179
reactant: 680166
notes: Abbreviation: R_EHGLAT2m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.6.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [m] : e4hglu + oaa --> 4h2oglt + asp-L Confidence Level: 2 NCD SAB oaa -> asp-L genes: LOCUS:_2806#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GOT2#ECNUMBERS:2.6.1.1# proteins: NAME:aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Got2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Takayama T, Fujita K, Suzuki K, Sakaguchi M, Fujie M, Nagai E, Watanabe S, Ichiyama A, Ogawa Y#TITLE:Control of oxalate formation from L-hydroxyproline in liver mitochondria#JOURNAL:J Am Soc Nephrol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12660328# AUTHORS:Knight J, Holmes RP#TITLE:Mitochondrial hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for primary hyperoxaluria#JOURNAL:Am J Nephrol#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15849464# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2806.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-erythro-4-Hydroxyglutamate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

749439
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Deoxyribose_C5H10O4
type: Species

605103
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species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

745284
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Cys-Gly_C5H10N2O3S
type: Species

682949
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species: 744962
type: SpeciesReference

574882
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746417
type: SpeciesReference

638171
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species: 745020
type: SpeciesReference

744494
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boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
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name: L-Cysteate_C3H6NO5S
type: Species

659566
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species: 747253
type: SpeciesReference

651947
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species: 746607
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species: 746218
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species: 749021
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 744598
type: SpeciesReference

649331
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species: 743906
type: SpeciesReference

756958
product: 685528
product: 685516
reactant: 685504
reactant: 685492
notes: Abbreviation: R_STRDNCCPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + strdnccoa --> coa + strdnccrn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.3) or (1375.4) or (126129.1) or (1374.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
type: Reaction

644118
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745834
type: SpeciesReference

652021
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746621
type: SpeciesReference

552279
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746609
type: SpeciesReference

750659
reversible: true
name: fatty-acyl-ACP hydrolase
notes: Abbreviation: R_FA180ACPH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.2.14 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + ocdcaACP <==> ACP + h + ocdca Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_55301#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:THEDC1# proteins: NAME:s-acyl fatty acid synthase thioesterase#ABBREVIATION:Thedc1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chirala SS, Huang WY, Jayakumar A, Sakai K, Wakil SJ.#TITLE:Animal fatty acid synthase: functional mapping and cloning and expression of the domain I constituent activities.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9159116# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55301.1)
product: 535660
reactant: 535648
product: 535672
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 535684
reactant: 535635

677169
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

756732
product: 680153
reactant: 680140
notes: Abbreviation: R_RTOTALCRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: Rtotalcrn[c] --> Rtotalcrn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R group transport into the mitochondria
type: Reaction

568343
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

560530
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749485
type: SpeciesReference

644263
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747009
type: SpeciesReference

746436
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Glutamate_C5H8NO4
type: Species

647068
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747717
type: SpeciesReference

555358
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745110
type: SpeciesReference

660581
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744668
type: SpeciesReference

636713
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

598208
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746170
type: SpeciesReference

668277
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748143
type: SpeciesReference

745598
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), precursor 2_C31H45NO37S4X
type: Species

757397
product: 696052
reactant: 696040
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_his_DASH_L_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : his-L <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-Histidine exchange
type: Reaction

687191
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744756
type: SpeciesReference

753317
product: 598727
reactant: 598715
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACGAM2E Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.1.3.8 SUBSYSTEM: Aminosugar Metabolism Equation: [c] : acgam <==> acmana Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5973#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RENBP# proteins: NAME:renin binding protein#ABBREVIATION:Renbp.1# citations: AUTHORS:Luchansky SJ, Yarema KJ, Takahashi S, Bertozzi CR#TITLE:GlcNAc 2-epimerase can serve a catabolic role in sialic acid metabolism#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12499362# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5973.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase
type: Reaction

756152
product: 666392
reactant: 666380
notes: Abbreviation: R_PA_HSter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: pa_hs[c] <==> pa_hs[r] Confidence Level: 2 for assumed reversible, non-energy dep scramblase mechanism (PMID: 10856717). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Daleke DL, Lyles JV.#TITLE:Identification and purification of aminophospholipid flippases.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10856717# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: phosphatidate scramblase
type: Reaction

660436
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744532
type: SpeciesReference

581935
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749169
type: SpeciesReference

746549
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GT1b (homo sapiens)_C77H127N5O46FULLRCO
type: Species

756412
product: 672578
product: 672566
reactant: 672554
reactant: 672542
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCNACASE4ly Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 3.2.1.50 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg20 --> acgam + hs_deg21 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4669#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NAGLU#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.50# proteins: NAME:N-acetylglucosaminidase, alpha- (Sanfilippo disease IIIB), lysosome#ABBREVIATION:Naglu.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Weber B, Blanch L, Clements PR, Scott HS, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Cloning and expression of the gene involved in Sanfilippo B syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis III B)#JOURNAL:Hum Mol Genet#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8776591# AUTHORS:Sasaki T, Sukegawa K, Masue M, Fukuda S, Tomatsu S, Orii T#TITLE:Purification and partial characterization of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase from human liver#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1783617# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4669.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

755029
product: 640215
reactant: 640203
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETPENT3COAtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: tetpent3coa[c] <==> tetpent3coa[x] Confidence Level: 0 interaction between peroxisomes and ER (some enzymes on the outer membrane) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid intracellular transport
type: Reaction

750505
product: 532156
name: Selenophosphate synthase
product: 532168
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_SELNPS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.9.3 SUBSYSTEM: Selenoamino acid metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + h2o + seln --> amp + pi + selnp Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_22928#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SEPHS2# LOCUS:_22929#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SEPHS1# proteins: NAME:selenophosphate synthetase 1#ABBREVIATION:Sephs1.1# NAME:selenophosphate synthetase 2#ABBREVIATION:Sephs2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Stadtman TC#TITLE:Selenocysteine#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8811175# AUTHORS:Esaki N, Nakamura T, Tanaka H, Soda K#TITLE:Selenocysteine lyase, a novel enzyme that specifically acts on selenocysteine. Mammalian distribution and purification and properties of pig liver enzyme#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6461656# GENE ASSOCIATION: (22929.1) or (22928.1)
type: Reaction
reactant: 532120
reactant: 532132
reversible: false
product: 532144
reactant: 532108

747727
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Ammonium_H4N
type: Species

745170
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Bilirubin_C33H34N4O6
type: Species

746435
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Glutamate_C5H8NO4
type: Species

690351
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

753681
product: 607350
product: 607338
reactant: 607326
reactant: 607313
notes: Abbreviation: R_SELCYSTS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.2.1.22 SUBSYSTEM: Selenoamino acid metabolism Equation: [c] : selhcys + ser-L --> h2o + selcyst Confidence Level: 4 NCD SAB genes: LOCUS:_875#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CBS#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.22# proteins: NAME:cystathionine-beta-synthase #ABBREVIATION:Cbs.1# citations: AUTHORS:Esaki N, Nakamura T, Tanaka H, Soda K#TITLE:Selenocysteine lyase, a novel enzyme that specifically acts on selenocysteine. Mammalian distribution and purification and properties of pig liver enzyme#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6461656# GENE ASSOCIATION: (875.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: selanocystathionine beta-synthase
type: Reaction

750064
product: 521472
reactant: 521460
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYANtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: cyan[c] <==> cyan[m] Confidence Level: 0 assumed to be readily diffusible MM genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Cyanide transport via diffusion (mitochondrial)
type: Reaction

635339
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744064
type: SpeciesReference

564869
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746853
type: SpeciesReference

540200
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746565
type: SpeciesReference

529203
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

750657
product: 535623
reactant: 535611
notes: Abbreviation: R_DM_dttp_LPAREN_m_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [m] : dttp --> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dTTP demand
type: Reaction

755139
product: 642821
product: 642809
reactant: 642796
reactant: 642784
notes: Abbreviation: R_DHPM2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Catabolism Equation: [c] : 56dthm + h2o --> 3uib + h Confidence Level: 2 Also acts on dihydrothymine and hydantoin genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dihydropyrimidinase (dihydrothymine)
type: Reaction

756956
product: 685480
reactant: 685468
notes: Abbreviation: R_SCP22x Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: dmnoncoa[c] <==> dmnoncoa[x] Confidence Level: 4 intracellular transport, mechanism details not presently known NJ genes: LOCUS:_6342#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SCP2# proteins: NAME:sterol carrier protein 2#ABBREVIATION:Scp2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yamamoto R, Kallen CB, Babalola GO, Rennert H, Billheimer JT, Strauss JF 3rd.#TITLE:Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding human sterol carrier protein 2.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1703300# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6342.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Sterol carrier protein 2
type: Reaction

528011
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745866
type: SpeciesReference

549859
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748205
type: SpeciesReference

756730
product: 680127
product: 680114
reactant: 680101
reactant: 680089
notes: Abbreviation: R_MM6bg Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 3.2.1.113 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : h2o + m6masnC --> m5masnC + man Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4121#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A1# LOCUS:_10905#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A2# LOCUS:_57134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1C1# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 1, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a1.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 2, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a2.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1, Golgi apparatus (all tested except lung, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:Man1c1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel human Golgi alpha 1, 2-mannosidase (IC) involved in N-glycan biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10915796# AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Campbell Dyke N, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and tissue-specific expression of a novel human alpha1,2-mannosidase gene involved in N-glycan maturation.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9592125# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4121.1) or (57134.1) or (10905.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

614640
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749653
type: SpeciesReference

534100
stoichiometry: 6.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

545214
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748787
type: SpeciesReference

745868
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate_C19H27O5S
type: Species

628504
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745742
type: SpeciesReference

608795
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743926
type: SpeciesReference

574579
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

608085
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749291
type: SpeciesReference

746438
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Glutamate_C5H8NO4
type: Species

753319
product: 598751
reactant: 598739
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_cytd_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : cytd <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Cytidine exchange
type: Reaction

630474
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745810
type: SpeciesReference

616006
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

692364
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744214
type: SpeciesReference

756150
product: 666368
reactant: 666356
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_retinol_DASH_cis_DASH_11_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : retinol-cis-11 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cis-11-retinol exchange
type: Reaction

745596
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: chondroitin sulfate E (GalNAc4,6diS-GlcA), free chain_C45H64N2O55S6
type: Species

757399
product: 696100
product: 696088
reactant: 696076
reactant: 696064
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYSTA Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.6.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: [c] : akg + cys-L <==> glu-L + mercppyr Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: LOCUS:_2805#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GOT1#ECNUMBERS:2.6.1.1# proteins: NAME:aspartate aminotransferase #ABBREVIATION:Got1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Stipanuk MH#TITLE:Sulfur amino acid metabolism: pathways for production and removal of homocysteine and cysteine#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15189131# AUTHORS:Akagi R.#TITLE:Purification and characterization of cysteine aminotransferase from rat liver cytosol. #YEAR:1982#PUBMED:7113743# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2805.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cysteine transaminase
type: Reaction

750503
product: 532096
reactant: 532083
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLUt7l Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: glu-L[l] --> glu-L[c] Confidence Level: 1 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Glutamate transport, lysosomal
type: Reaction

624361
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744178
type: SpeciesReference

756410
product: 672530
product: 672518
reactant: 672506
reactant: 672493
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCNACASE2ly Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 3.2.1.50 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + hs_deg8 --> acgam + hs_deg9 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4669#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NAGLU#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.50# proteins: NAME:N-acetylglucosaminidase, alpha- (Sanfilippo disease IIIB), lysosome#ABBREVIATION:Naglu.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Weber B, Blanch L, Clements PR, Scott HS, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Cloning and expression of the gene involved in Sanfilippo B syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis III B)#JOURNAL:Hum Mol Genet#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8776591# AUTHORS:Sasaki T, Sukegawa K, Masue M, Fukuda S, Tomatsu S, Orii T#TITLE:Purification and partial characterization of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase from human liver#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1783617# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4669.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

670598
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

655781
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

748899
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: UDP-D-xylose_C14H20N2O16P2
type: Species

755027
product: 640191
product: 640179
reactant: 640167
reactant: 640155
notes: Abbreviation: R_GASNASEly Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 3.5.1.26 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + s2l2n2m2masn --> Asn-X-Ser/Thr + s2l2n2m2m Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_175#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AGA#ECNUMBERS:3.5.1.26# proteins: NAME:aspartylglucosaminidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Aga.1-l# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (175.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: glycosylasparaginase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

586747
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746422
type: SpeciesReference

688120
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

747729
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Ammonium_H4N
type: Species

557038
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748599
type: SpeciesReference

582997
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747365
type: SpeciesReference

753683
product: 607374
reactant: 607362
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACNGALACGLCGAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: acngalacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[e] <==> acngalacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

568492
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744446
type: SpeciesReference

677770
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981
type: SpeciesReference

746437
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: L-Glutamate_C5H8NO4
type: Species

597230
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746323
type: SpeciesReference

591649
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408
type: SpeciesReference

637666
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

750062
product: 521448
reactant: 521436
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACNACNGAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: acnacngal14acglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> acnacngal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

665283
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748211
type: SpeciesReference

604135
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

531648
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

534945
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749333
type: SpeciesReference

559851
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748867
type: SpeciesReference

756954
product: 685456
product: 685444
reactant: 685432
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACT1rm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.9 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [m] : (2) accoa <==> aacoa + coa Confidence Level: 0 TDV genes: LOCUS:_3030#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HADHA#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17,1.1.1.35# LOCUS:_3032#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HADHB# LOCUS:_38#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAT1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.9# proteins: NAME:hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit #ABBREVIATION:Hadha.1-m# NAME:hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), beta subunit #ABBREVIATION:Hadhb.1-m# NAME:acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase)#ABBREVIATION:Acat1.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (3030.1) and (3032.1) or (38.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

750655
product: 535573
product: 535598
fast: false
reactant: 535561
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLNASNNaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: asn-L[c] + gln-L[e] + na1[e] --> asn-L[e] + gln-L[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6510.1)
name: L-glutamine/L-asparagine Na-dependent exchange (Gln-L in)
reactant: 535537
reactant: 535549
type: Reaction
product: 535586
reversible: false

567512
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745746
type: SpeciesReference

634160
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746385
type: SpeciesReference

559924
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

667660
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

679943
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747457
type: SpeciesReference

544112
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748295
type: SpeciesReference

750060
reversible: false
product: 521412
reactant: 521399
type: Reaction
product: 521424
name: _5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (NADPH)
reactant: 521386
notes: Abbreviation: R_MTHFR3 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.5.1.20 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [c] : (2) h + mlthf + nadph --> 5mthf + nadp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4524#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTHFR#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.20# proteins: NAME:_5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) #ABBREVIATION:Mthfr1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4524.1)
reactant: 521374
fast: false

754297
product: 622455
product: 622443
reactant: 622431
reactant: 622419
notes: Abbreviation: R_3SALAASPm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: _3sala[m] + asp-L[c] <==> 3sala[c] + asp-L[m] Confidence Level: 2 PMID:486467 MM genes: LOCUS:_8604#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A12# LOCUS:_10165#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A13# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25 member 12, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a12.1-m# NAME: solute carrier family 25 member 13, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a13.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10165.1) or (8604.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cysteinesulfinate-aspartate mitochondrial shuttle
type: Reaction

617090
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

524838
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744010
type: SpeciesReference

746432
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Glutamate 5-phosphate_C5H8NO7P
type: Species

624409
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746869
type: SpeciesReference

693317
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745374
type: SpeciesReference

630327
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746108
type: SpeciesReference

747811
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Superoxide anion_O2
type: Species

559287
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744628
type: SpeciesReference

745174
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Biocytin_C16H28N4O4S
type: Species

746430
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Glutamine_C5H10N2O3
type: Species

756416
product: 672650
product: 672638
type: Reaction
reactant: 672626
reversible: false
product: 672662
reactant: 672614
notes: Abbreviation: R_S26Tg Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.99.1 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : (2) cmpacna + l2fn2m2masn --> (2) cmp + (2) h + s2l2fn2m2masn Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6480#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.1# LOCUS:_6480#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SIAT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.1# LOCUS:_6480#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SIAT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.1# proteins: NAME:sialyltransferase 1 (beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase), Golgi apparatus (sk muscle, liver, placenta)#ABBREVIATION:Siat1.1-g# NAME:sialyltransferase 1 (beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase), Golgi apparatus (sk muscle, liver, placenta)#ABBREVIATION:Siat1.2-g# NAME:sialyltransferase 1 (beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase), Golgi apparatus (sk muscle, liver, placenta)#ABBREVIATION:Siat1.3-g# citations: AUTHORS:Kitagawa H, Paulson JC#TITLE:Differential expression of five sialyltransferase genes in human tissues#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8027041# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6480.1) or (6480.3) or (6480.2)
name: beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase
fast: false

660786
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746387
type: SpeciesReference

670074
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745696
type: SpeciesReference

756158
reversible: false
product: 666513
type: Reaction
product: 666525
name: Beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST8SIA54g Synonyms: _13 EC Number: 2.4.99.8 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : cmpacna + gm1b_hs --> cmp + gd1c_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_29906#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT8E# proteins: NAME:ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 5 #ABBREVIATION:St8sia5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Harduin-Lepers A, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Smyn-Petit B, Julien S, Delannoy P#TITLE:The human sialyltransferase family#JOURNAL:Biochimie#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Kim YJ, Kim KS, Do S, Kim CH, Kim SK, Lee YC.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of human alpha2,8-sialyltransferase (hST8Sia V).#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9199191# GENE ASSOCIATION: (29906.1)
reactant: 666489
fast: false
product: 666537
reactant: 666501

658758
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747065
type: SpeciesReference

755025
product: 640143
reactant: 640131
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTFR13 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: [c] : tdcoa --> (0.875) R1coa_hs Confidence Level: 0 Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16:0 The concomitant oxidation of fadh2 is to account for the normalization to a saturated fatty acid (later in the mitochondria, the full beta oxidation cycle will occur, and the additional round of fad reduction will be balanced to account for the respective degree of desaturation). For example a 9,15 fatty acid would have 2fadh2(m) -> 2fad(m). The concomittant exchange for nadph is to account for cases in which the fatty acid has alternating odd and even double bonds (all human fatty acids?). For example a 9,12 fatty acid would have: fadh2(m) + nadph(m) + h(m) -> fad(m) + nadp(m). The nadph is from 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (human gene: DECR1, gene ID 1666). PMID 7818482 (Koivuranta et al 1994) identified this as a mitochondrial gene, Voet and Voet claim this is peroxisomal (not directly supported with primary literature, so it is presumed to be mitochondrial). For all of the R-group reactions which lead to subsequent fatty acid oxidation, 3,2 enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (human gene: DCI, gene ID 1632) is "inherently" incorporated into the reactions. R1 - C16 groups - add C14 here too ... R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: R group artificial flux
type: Reaction

747723
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Ammonium_H4N
type: Species

754295
product: 622407
product: 622395
reactant: 622383
reactant: 622371
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt15m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dgdp[m] + dudp[c] --> dgdp[c] + dudp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dUDP transport via dGDP antiport
type: Reaction

659349
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652
type: SpeciesReference

750509
product: 532276
product: 532264
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSAT3ly Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 2.3.1.78 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: accoa[c] + hs_deg13[l] --> coa[c] + h[l] + hs_deg14[l] Confidence Level: 4 The proton is located in the lysosome since it comes from oxidation of the NH3+ group in glucosamine. This reaction assumes that the other proton liberated from glucosamine reduces coa in the cytosol. NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ausseil J, Loredo-Osti JC, Verner A, Darmond-Zwaig C, Maire I, Poorthuis B, van Diggelen OP, Hudson TJ, Fujiwara TM, Morgan K, Pshezhetsky AV#TITLE:Localisation of a gene for mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 8#JOURNAL:J Med Genet#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15591281# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reversible: false
reactant: 532252
reactant: 532240
product: 532288
name: heparan-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase, lysosomal
fast: false

615921
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747167
type: SpeciesReference

619144
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

639926
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746595
type: SpeciesReference

623033
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745610
type: SpeciesReference

561061
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

753467
product: 602295
product: 602283
reactant: 602271
reactant: 602259
notes: Abbreviation: R_UDPGLDCg Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 4.1.1.35 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism Equation: [g] : h + udpglcur --> co2 + udpxyl Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_80146#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UXS1#ECNUMBERS:EC,4.1.1.35# proteins: NAME:UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase , Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Uxs1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Silbert JE, DeLuca S#TITLE:The synthesis of uridine diphosphate xylose by particulate preparations from mouse mast-cell tumors#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1967#PUBMED:4293108# AUTHORS:Kearns AE, Vertel BM, Schwartz NB#TITLE:Topography of glycosylation and UDP-xylose production#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8496172# AUTHORS:Moriarity JL, Hurt KJ, Resnick AC, Storm PB, Laroy W, Schnaar RL, Snyder SH#TITLE:UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase, a key enzyme in proteoglycan synthesis: cloning, characterization, and localization#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11877387# GENE ASSOCIATION: (80146.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: UDP-D-glucuronate decarboxylase, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

746431
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Glutamine_C5H10N2O3
type: Species

756952
product: 685396
reversible: false
name: beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, Golgi
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_G14T6g Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.4.1.38 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre2 + udpgal --> h + ksi_pre3 + udp Confidence Level: 4 Keratan sulfate I biosynthesis NCD genes: LOCUS:_9334#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT5#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_2683#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.22# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.22,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.90# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1, Golgi apparatus (all except brain)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 5, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt5.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Mengle-Gaw L, McCoy-Haman MF, Tiemeier DC#TITLE:Genomic structure and expression of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1903938# AUTHORS:Masri KA, Appert HE, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Identification of the full-length coding sequence for human galactosyltransferase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminide: beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase)#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3144273# AUTHORS:Appert HE, Rutherford TJ, Tarr GE, Wiest JS, Thomford NR, McCorquodale DJ#TITLE:Isolation of a cDNA coding for human galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:198…
product: 685408
product: 685420
type: Reaction
reactant: 685372
reactant: 685384

646423
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

582104
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

634462
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745570
type: SpeciesReference

687528
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743866
type: SpeciesReference

745066
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: arachidonic acid_C20H31O2
type: Species

633762
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749936
type: SpeciesReference

671674
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

561775
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746221
type: SpeciesReference

629120
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748141
type: SpeciesReference

750653
product: 535525
reactant: 535513
notes: Abbreviation: R_ETOHt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: etoh[e] <==> etoh[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: ethanol reversible transport
type: Reaction

549811
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746331
type: SpeciesReference

756154
reversible: true
notes: Abbreviation: R_FA1821ACPH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.2.14 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + lnlcACP <==> ACP + h + lnlc Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Chirala SS, Huang WY, Jayakumar A, Sakai K, Wakil SJ.#TITLE:Animal fatty acid synthase: functional mapping and cloning and expression of the domain I constituent activities.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9159116# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 666416
type: Reaction
reactant: 666404
name: fatty-acyl-ACP hydrolase
product: 666429
product: 666441
product: 666453
fast: false

552495
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

754299
fast: false
reactant: 622467
product: 622503
notes: Abbreviation: R_G14T8g Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.4.1.38 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre8 + udpgal --> h + ksi_pre9 + udp Confidence Level: 4 Keratan sulfate I biosynthesis NCD genes: LOCUS:_9334#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT5#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_2683#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.22# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.22,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.90# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1, Golgi apparatus (all except brain)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 5, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt5.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Mengle-Gaw L, McCoy-Haman MF, Tiemeier DC#TITLE:Genomic structure and expression of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1903938# AUTHORS:Masri KA, Appert HE, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Identification of the full-length coding sequence for human galactosyltransferase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminide: beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase)#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3144273# AUTHORS:Appert HE, Rutherford TJ, Tarr GE, Wiest JS, Thomford NR, McCorquodale DJ#TITLE:Isolation of a cDNA coding for human galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:198…
reactant: 622479
reversible: false
name: beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, Golgi
product: 622491
product: 622515
type: Reaction

553860
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

755021
product: 640046
product: 640034
reactant: 640022
reactant: 640010
notes: Abbreviation: R_O16G2e Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.2.1.10 SUBSYSTEM: Starch and Sucrose Metabolism Equation: [e] : h2o + strch2 --> glc-D + malt Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SI#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.48,3.2.1.10# proteins: NAME:sucrase-isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase), extracellular (sm intestine)#ABBREVIATION:Si.1-e# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (6476.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: oligo-1,6-glucosidase (strch2 ->strch3), extracellular
type: Reaction

747813
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Superoxide anion_O2
type: Species

587969
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746245
type: SpeciesReference

746434
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Glutamate 5-semialdehyde_C5H9NO3
type: Species

676530
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

613278
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

522526
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

745172
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Biliverdin_C33H32N4O6
type: Species

666669
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746036
type: SpeciesReference

581621
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434
type: SpeciesReference

688904
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

603050
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

522671
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746965
type: SpeciesReference

689723
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747835
type: SpeciesReference

755023
product: 640095
product: 640107
fast: false
reactant: 640082
product: 640119
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 640058
name: _2-Oxoadipate:lipoamde 2-oxidoreductase(decarboxylating and acceptor-succinylating) (mitochondria)
reactant: 640070
notes: Abbreviation: R_2OXOADOXm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.4.2 SUBSYSTEM: Lysine Metabolism Equation: [m] : 2oxoadp + coa + nad --> co2 + glutcoa + nadh Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_4967#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:OGDH#ECNUMBERS:1.2.4.2# LOCUS:_8050#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PDHX#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.12# LOCUS:_1738#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DLD#ECNUMBERS:1.8.1.4# LOCUS:_1743#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DLST#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.61# LOCUS:_4967#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:OGDH# proteins: NAME:dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (pyruvate dehydrogenase, E3 component), mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Dld/Pdhx.1-m# NAME: oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide), mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Ogdh.1-m# NAME:oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide), mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Ogdh.2-m# NAME:dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2 component of 2-oxo-glutarate complex), mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Dlst.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Cox, RP#TITLE:Errors of lysine metabolism#JOURNAL:The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, 8th ed#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4967.1) and (1738.1 and 8050.1) and (1743.1) or (4967.2) and (1738.1 and 8050.1) and (1743.1)

747725
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Ammonium_H4N
type: Species

624770
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

650947
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744912
type: SpeciesReference

756156
product: 666477
reactant: 666465
notes: Abbreviation: R_EBASTINEtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: ebastine[r] <==> ebastine[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, related cyp P450 metabolism reactions NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport
type: Reaction

523602
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749247
type: SpeciesReference

756414
product: 672602
reactant: 672590
notes: Abbreviation: R_5DHFtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: _5dhf[c] --> 5dhf[l] Confidence Level: 2 carrier-mediated transport - but which and how is unknown IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5-glutamyl-DHF transport, lysosomal
type: Reaction

621679
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747803
type: SpeciesReference

644989
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746238
type: SpeciesReference

753469
product: 602343
product: 602331
reactant: 602319
reactant: 602307
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACASPAH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.1.15 SUBSYSTEM: Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism Equation: [c] : Nacasp + h2o --> ac + asp-L Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_443#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ASPA#ECNUMBERS:3.5.1.15# LOCUS:_91703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACY3# proteins: NAME:aspartoacylase (aminoacylase 2)#ABBREVIATION:Aspa.1# NAME:aspartoacylase (aminocyclase) 3#ABBREVIATION:Acy3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kaul R, Gao GP, Balamurugan K, Matalon R#TITLE:Cloning of the human aspartoacylase cDNA and a common missense mutation in Canavan disease#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8252036# GENE ASSOCIATION: (443.1) or (91703.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
type: Reaction

551532
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748019
type: SpeciesReference

750507
reversible: false
name: chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction
product: 532216
notes: Abbreviation: R_S4T5g Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 2.8.2.5 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cs_e_pre5b + paps --> cspg_e + h + pap Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Silbert JE, Sugumaran G#TITLE:Biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512856# AUTHORS:Hiraoka N, Nakagawa H, Ong E, Akama TO, Fukuda MN, Fukuda M#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of two distinct human chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferases that belong to the HNK-1 sulfotransferase gene family#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10781601# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 532180
fast: false
product: 532228
product: 532204
reactant: 532192

588802
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

746433
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Glutamate 5-semialdehyde_C5H9NO3
type: Species

745068
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: arachidonic acid_C20H31O2
type: Species

544680
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

543821
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746581
type: SpeciesReference

641913
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746543
type: SpeciesReference

612329
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749860
type: SpeciesReference

556953
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

691664
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744188
type: SpeciesReference

531320
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745330
type: SpeciesReference

746541
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GT1a (homo sapiens)_C77H127N5O46FULLRCO
type: Species

745178
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Biocytin_C16H28N4O4S
type: Species

612892
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746062
type: SpeciesReference

690582
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746545
type: SpeciesReference

563499
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746120
type: SpeciesReference

755896
fast: false
name: N-acetyl-g-glutamyl-phosphate reductase, irreversible, mitochondrial
product: 660641
product: 660629
reactant: 660605
product: 660617
reversible: false
reactant: 660581
notes: Abbreviation: R_AGPRim Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.38 SUBSYSTEM: Urea cycle/amino group metabolism Equation: [m] : acg5p + h + nadph --> acg5sa + nadp + pi Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5832#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH18A1# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh18a1.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (5832.1)
reactant: 660593
type: Reaction

595425
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745666
type: SpeciesReference

619036
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744480
type: SpeciesReference

602906
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

567621
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745740
type: SpeciesReference

580560
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

577056
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745692
type: SpeciesReference

755133
product: 642675
product: 642663
reactant: 642651
reactant: 642639
notes: Abbreviation: R_ENGASE2ly Synonyms: _15 EC Number: 3.2.1.96 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + n2m2nm --> acgam + n2m2nmn Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

757245
product: 692472
product: 692460
reactant: 692448
reactant: 692436
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALADGLNexR Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ala-D[e] + gln-L[c] <==> ala-D[c] + gln-L[e] Confidence Level: 2 SAB many other exchanges possible genes: LOCUS:_6520#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC3A2# LOCUS:_56301#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A10# proteins: NAME: solute carrier family 3 (activators of dibasic and neutral amino acid transport), member 2, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc3a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 7, (neutral amino acid transporter, y+ system) member 10#ABBREVIATION:Slc7a10.1# citations: AUTHORS:Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770310# AUTHORS:Fukasawa Y, Segawa H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kim DK, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a Na(+)-independent neutral amino acid transporter that associates with the 4F2 heavy chain and exhibits substrate selectivity for small neutral D- and L-amino acids#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10734121# AUTHORS:Nakauchi J, Matsuo H, Kim DK, Goto A, Chairoungdua A, Cha SH, Inatomi J, Shiokawa Y, Yamaguchi K, Saito I, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of a human brain Na(+)-independent transporter for small neutral amino acids that transports D-serine with high affinity#JOURNAL:Neurosci Lett#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10863037# GENE ASSOCIATION: (56301.1) and (6520.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-alanine/glutamine reversible exchange
type: Reaction

614799
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746453
type: SpeciesReference

745064
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: arachidyl carnitine_C27H53NO4
type: Species

622082
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743926
type: SpeciesReference

579385
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744658
type: SpeciesReference

660678
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744178
type: SpeciesReference

577129
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619
type: SpeciesReference

522222
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

756526
product: 675149
product: 675161
product: 675173
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 675137
name: ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST3GAL31g Synonyms: _9 EC Number: 2.4.99.6 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cmpacna + galacglcgalgluside_hs --> acngalacglcgalgluside_hs + cmp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ST3GAL3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:10#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:11#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:9#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:6#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:8#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# LOCUS:_6487#TRANSCRIPT:7#ABBREVIATION:SIAT6#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.6# proteins: NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.1-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.10-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.11-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.2-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.3-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.4-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.5-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.6-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.7-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:St3gal3.8-g# NAME:ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBRE…
reactant: 675125
fast: false

598908
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

576705
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743888
type: SpeciesReference

747921
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phenylacetic acid_C8H7O2
type: Species

622298
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745278
type: SpeciesReference

615812
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745644
type: SpeciesReference

757243
product: 692424
reactant: 692412
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACN23ACNGALGBSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: acn23acngalgbside_hs[c] <==> acn23acngalgbside_hs[g] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - intracellular transport occurs, most details are unknown - see for example Varki glycobiology text or numerous reviews (PMID: 8206147) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acn23acngalgbside intracellular transport
type: Reaction

594902
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749425
type: SpeciesReference

756000
notes: Abbreviation: R_ST8SIA55g Synonyms: _13 EC Number: 2.4.99.8 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : cmpacna + gq1c_hs --> cmp + gp1calpha_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_29906#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT8E# proteins: NAME:ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 5 #ABBREVIATION:St8sia5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Sandhoff K, Kolter T#TITLE:Biosynthesis and degradation of mammalian glycosphingolipids#JOURNAL:Phil Trans R Soc Lond B#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Kim YJ, Kim KS, Do S, Kim CH, Kim SK, Lee YC.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of human alpha2,8-sialyltransferase (hST8Sia V).#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9199191# GENE ASSOCIATION: (29906.1)
reactant: 662947
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 662971
product: 662983
product: 662995
reactant: 662959
fast: false
name: Beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase

596392
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747983
type: SpeciesReference

621568
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

625495
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748677
type: SpeciesReference

671782
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

634052
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434
type: SpeciesReference

629278
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749597
type: SpeciesReference

685480
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745954
type: SpeciesReference

756844
product: 682625
product: 682613
reactant: 682601
reactant: 682589
notes: Abbreviation: R_ILETAm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.6.1.42 SUBSYSTEM: Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Metabolism Equation: [m] : akg + ile-L <==> 3mop + glu-L Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_587#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:BCAT2#ECNUMBERS:2.6.1.26# proteins: NAME:branched chain aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Bcat2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Bledsoe RK, Dawson PA, Hutson SM.#TITLE:Cloning of the rat and human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferases (BCATm). #YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9165094# AUTHORS:Naylor SL, Shows TB.#TITLE:Branched-chain aminotransferase deficiency in Chinese hamster cells complemented by two independent genes on human chromosomes 12 and 19. #YEAR:1980#PUBMED:6933702# GENE ASSOCIATION: (587.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: isoleucine transaminase, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

670183
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744806
type: SpeciesReference

649824
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746565
type: SpeciesReference

753311
product: 598653
reactant: 598641
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_pydx_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : pydx <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Pyridoxal exchange
type: Reaction

746543
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GT1a (homo sapiens)_C77H127N5O46FULLRCO
type: Species

526797
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744322
type: SpeciesReference

596284
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747987
type: SpeciesReference

757391
product: 695956
reactant: 695944
notes: Abbreviation: R_KSII_CORE2t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ksii_core2[g] --> ksii_core2[e] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: keratan sulfate II (core2) transport, golgi to extracellular
type: Reaction

755894
product: 660569
reactant: 660557
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLYCt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: glyc[c] <==> glyc[e] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier D.R.#TITLE:Biochemistry, 3rd edition#YEAR:2005# AUTHORS:Kuriyama H, Kawamoto S, Ishida N, Ohno I, Mita S, Matsuzawa Y, Matsubara K, Okubo K#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of a novel human aquaporin from adipose tissue with glycerol permeability#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9405233# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glycerol transport via channel
type: Reaction

608291
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

650839
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747541
type: SpeciesReference

757247
product: 692496
reactant: 692484
notes: Abbreviation: R_ADNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: adn[e] <==> adn[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_2030#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A1# LOCUS:_3177#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Ward JL, Sherali A, Mo ZP, Tse CM.#TITLE:Kinetic and pharmacological properties of cloned human equilibrative nucleoside transporters, ENT1 and ENT2, stably expressed in nucleoside transporter-deficient PK15 cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10722669# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3177.1) or (2030.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: adenosine facilated transport in cytosol
type: Reaction

594309
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

756524
product: 675113
product: 675101
reactant: 675089
reactant: 675077
notes: Abbreviation: R_NAt3_1g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: h[g] + na1[c] <==> h[c] + na1[g] Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_23315#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC9A8# LOCUS:_84679#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC9A7# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), isoform 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc9a7.1-g# NAME:solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), isoform 8#ABBREVIATION:Slc9a8.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Numata M, Orlowski J#TITLE:Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel (Na+,K+)/H+ exchanger localized to the trans-Golgi network#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11279194# AUTHORS:Nakamura N, Tanaka S, Teko Y, Mitsui K, Kanazawa H.#TITLE:Four Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms are distributed to Golgi and post-Golgi compartments and are involved in organelle pH regulation.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15522866# GENE ASSOCIATION: (84679.1) or (23315.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sodium proton antiporter (H:NA is 1:1)
type: Reaction

745062
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: arachidyl carnitine_C27H53NO4
type: Species

527088
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749085
type: SpeciesReference

646532
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

687637
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749603
type: SpeciesReference

544571
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747983
type: SpeciesReference

747923
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Phenylacetaldehyde_C8H8O
type: Species

587859
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748453
type: SpeciesReference

543930
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746427
type: SpeciesReference

598316
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746477
type: SpeciesReference

603558
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746436
type: SpeciesReference

639240
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

588911
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744634
type: SpeciesReference

549703
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746795
type: SpeciesReference

539257
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

755131
product: 642627
reactant: 642615
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALFUCGALACGLCGAL14ACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: galfucgalacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> galfucgalacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

645625
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

747721
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Ammonium_H4N
type: Species

633870
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745226
type: SpeciesReference

590599
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746375
type: SpeciesReference

681973
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748093
type: SpeciesReference

651213
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

621780
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745602
type: SpeciesReference

756842
product: 682577
product: 682565
reactant: 682553
reactant: 682541
notes: Abbreviation: R_DTMPK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.9 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : atp + dtmp <==> adp + dtdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_1841#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DTYMK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.9# proteins: NAME:deoxythymidylate kinase (thymidylate kinase) #ABBREVIATION:Dtymk.1# citations: AUTHORS:Su JY, Sclafani RA.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of the human deoxythymidylate kinase gene in yeast.#JOURNAL:Nucleic Acids Res.#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:2017365# AUTHORS:Huang SH, Tang A, Drisco B, Zhang SQ, Seeger R, Li C, Jong A.#TITLE:Human dTMP kinase: gene expression and enzymatic activity coinciding with cell cycle progression and cell growth.#JOURNAL:DNA Cell Biol.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8024690# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1841.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dTMP kinase
type: Reaction

745176
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Biocytin_C16H28N4O4S
type: Species

691724
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745358
type: SpeciesReference

555467
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748611
type: SpeciesReference

757240
product: 692400
reactant: 692388
notes: Abbreviation: R_TMNDNCCRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: tmndnccrn[c] --> tmndnccrn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: transport into the mitochondria (carnitine)
type: Reaction

591226
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745582
type: SpeciesReference

589213
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386
type: SpeciesReference

757393
product: 696004
product: 695992
reactant: 695980
reactant: 695968
notes: Abbreviation: R_ELAIDCPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : crn + od2coa --> coa + elaidcrn Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.3# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.3) or (1375.4) or (126129.1) or (1374.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
type: Reaction

755892
product: 660545
reactant: 660533
notes: Abbreviation: R_11DOCRTSLtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: _11docrtsl[c] <==> 11docrtsl[r] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _11-deoxycortisol intracellular transport
type: Reaction

541046
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749573
type: SpeciesReference

746545
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GT1a (homo sapiens)_C77H127N5O46FULLRCO
type: Species

682721
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747797
type: SpeciesReference

595279
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745362
type: SpeciesReference

753313
product: 598678
reactant: 598665
notes: Abbreviation: R_CLPNDt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: clpnd[e] <==> clpnd[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: fatty acid transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

581511
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748135
type: SpeciesReference

654964
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

667430
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

745060
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: arachidyl coenzyme A_C41H70N7O17P3S
type: Species

755137
product: 642772
reactant: 642759
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_gbside_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : gbside_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: globoside (homo sapiens) exchange
type: Reaction

550802
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744872
type: SpeciesReference

533159
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745716
type: SpeciesReference

649222
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744570
type: SpeciesReference

756522
product: 675065
reactant: 675053
notes: Abbreviation: R_PPAtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: ppa[c] --> ppa[m] Confidence Level: 4 TDV Short-chain fatty acid can diffuse through mitochondrial membrane genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Tassani V, Cattapan F, Magnanimi L, Peschechera A.#TITLE:Anaplerotic effect of propionyl carnitine in rat heart mitochondria.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8135845# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Propionate transport, diffusion
type: Reaction

534534
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

668385
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

529806
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745118
type: SpeciesReference

746439
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: L-Glutamate_C5H8NO4
type: Species

540357
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744904
type: SpeciesReference

574130
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744014
type: SpeciesReference

556300
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744264
type: SpeciesReference

756622
notes: Abbreviation: R_S3T3g Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 2.8.2.23 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : hs_pre15 + paps --> h + hspg + pap Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_9955#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST3A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.23# LOCUS:_9953#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST3B1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.23# LOCUS:_9952#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST3B2#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.23# LOCUS:_64711#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST6# LOCUS:_9954#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST3A2#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.23# LOCUS:_9951#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HS3ST4#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.23# proteins: NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st3a1.1-g# NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A2, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st3a2.1-g# NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st3b1.1-g# NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B2#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st3b2.1-g# NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 4, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st4.1-g# NAME:heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Hs3st6.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Sugahara K, Kitagawa H#TITLE:Heparin and heparan sulfate biosynthesis#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512855# AUTHORS:Shworak NW, Liu J, Fritze LM, Schwartz JJ, Zhang L, Logeart D, Rosenberg RD#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of mouse and human cDNAs encoding heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9346953# AUTHORS:Liu J, Shworak NW, Sinay P, Schwartz JJ, Zhang L, Fritze LM, Rosenberg RD#TITLE:Expression of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms reveals novel substrate specificities#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:9988768# AUTHORS:Liu J, Shriver Z, Blaiklock P, Yoshida K, Sasisekharan R, Rosenberg RD#TITLE:Heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase-3A sulfates N-unsubstituted glucosamine residu…
fast: false
reactant: 677554
reversible: false
name: heparin-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase
product: 677590
product: 677578
reactant: 677566
product: 677602
type: Reaction

529950
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746751
type: SpeciesReference

756848
product: 682709
reactant: 682697
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPHINGStl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: sphings[c] <==> sphings[l] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism, however sphingosine manages to get in different compartments of cells. NOT presumed to be flip-flop. NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sphingosine intracellular transport
type: Reaction

750501
product: 532071
product: 532058
reactant: 532046
reactant: 532034
notes: Abbreviation: R_CRNtHa Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: crn[c] + h[e] --> crn[e] + h[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB H+ stoichiometry unknown genes: LOCUS:_6583#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A4# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 4#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a4.1# citations: AUTHORS:Koepsell H, Endou H#TITLE:The SLC22 drug transporter family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12883891# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6583.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-carnitine outward transport (H+ antiport)
type: Reaction

547626
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748433
type: SpeciesReference

667732
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

639818
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747127
type: SpeciesReference

757395
product: 696028
reactant: 696016
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ser_DASH_D_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ser-D <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Serine exchange
type: Reaction

692255
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746601
type: SpeciesReference

753315
product: 598703
reactant: 598690
notes: Abbreviation: R_AMACRp Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.1.99.4 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [x] : cholcoar --> cholcoas Confidence Level: 4 see Russell bile acid biosynthesis review uniprot NJ genes: LOCUS:_23600#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AMACR# LOCUS:_23600#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AMACR# proteins: NAME:alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase#ABBREVIATION:Amacr.1# NAME:alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase#ABBREVIATION:Amacr.2# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:VanVeldhoven PP, Croes K, Casteels M, Mannaerts GP#TITLE:_2-methylacyl racemase: a couple assay based on the use of pristanoyl-CoA oxidase/peroxidase and reinvestigation of its subcellular distribution in rat and human liver#JOURNAL:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta#YEAR:1997# GENE ASSOCIATION: (23600.1) or (23600.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase
type: Reaction

596501
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746064
type: SpeciesReference

611506
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

608194
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

746547
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GT1aalpha (homo sapiens)_C77H127N5O46FULLRCO
type: Species

569583
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

663524
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748651
type: SpeciesReference

556216
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748887
type: SpeciesReference

668060
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745826
type: SpeciesReference

756520
product: 675041
reactant: 675029
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ala_DASH_D_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ala-D <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Alanine exchange
type: Reaction

605384
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745306
type: SpeciesReference

551604
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

755135
reactant: 642699
fast: false
product: 642747
name: Very-long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase
type: Reaction
reactant: 642687
product: 642735
product: 642723
reactant: 642711
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_VLCS2p Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 6.2.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [x] : atp + coa + dhcholestanate --> amp + dhcholestancoa + ppi Confidence Level: 2 from uniprot and lit - see human recon lit refs divalent cation requirement - unclear which one, reaction inhibited in the presence of EDTA (may just be MgATP or MgATP) - see Kelley and Vessey Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1994) 1209: 51-55 temporarily will have H+ balance reaction NJ genes: LOCUS:_11001#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC27A2# proteins: NAME:bile acid CoA ligase#ABBREVIATION:Slc27a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Steinberg SJ, Wang SJ, Kim DG, Mihalik J, Watkins PA#TITLE:Human very-long-chain-acyl-CoA synthetase#JOURNAL:Biochemical and biophysical research communications#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Mihalik SJ, Steinberg SJ, Pei Z, Park J, Kim DG, Heinzer AK, Dacremont G, Wanders JAR, Cuebas DA, Smith KD, Watkins PA#TITLE:Participation of two members of the veryl long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase family in bile acid synthesis and recycling#JOURNAL:Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:2002# AUTHORS:Kelley M, Vessey DA#TITLE:Dual role of diavlent cations in the bile acid: CoA ligase catalyzed reaction#JOURNAL:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta#YEAR:1994# AUTHORS:Steinberg SJ, Wang SJ, McGuinness MC, Watkins PA.#TITLE:Human liver-specific very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase: cDNA cloning and characterization of a second enzymatically active protein.#JOURNAL:Mol Genet Metab.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10479480# GENE ASSOCIATION: (11001.1)

613699
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

696052
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749601
type: SpeciesReference

689952
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746943
type: SpeciesReference

531539
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746649
type: SpeciesReference

745488
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3
type: Species

595571
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

559395
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

688277
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746212
type: SpeciesReference

534256
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745806
type: SpeciesReference

649971
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747491
type: SpeciesReference

756620
product: 677542
reactant: 677530
notes: Abbreviation: R_PERILLYLte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: perillyl[e] <==> perillyl[c] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism, xenobiotic transport (original and metabolized) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: xenobiotic transport
type: Reaction

543193
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745414
type: SpeciesReference

585663
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749862
type: SpeciesReference

684508
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747127
type: SpeciesReference

539039
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748707
type: SpeciesReference

657634
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746649
type: SpeciesReference

665175
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748549
type: SpeciesReference

624252
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749439
type: SpeciesReference

579930
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746072
type: SpeciesReference

756846
reversible: false
product: 682685
notes: Abbreviation: R_BACCL Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 6.3.4.15 SUBSYSTEM: Biotin Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + btn + h --> btamp + ppi Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_3141#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HLCS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.4.10# proteins: NAME:holocarboxylase synthetase (biotin-[proprionyl-Coenzyme A-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolysing)] ligase) #ABBREVIATION:Hcls.1# citations: AUTHORS:Suzuki Y, Aoki Y, Ishida Y, Chiba Y, Iwamatsu A, Kishino T, Niikawa N, Matsubara Y, Narisawa K.#TITLE:Isolation and characterization of mutations in the human holocarboxylase synthetase cDNA.#JOURNAL:Nat Genet. #YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7842009# AUTHORS:Pacheco-Alvarez D, Solorzano-Vargas RS, Del Rio AL.#TITLE:Biotin in metabolism and its relationship to human disease.#JOURNAL:Arch Med Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12459313# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3141.1)
reactant: 682661
reactant: 682649
reactant: 682637
product: 682673
name: biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase
fast: false
type: Reaction

755890
product: 660521
reactant: 660509
notes: Abbreviation: R_ESTRADIOLGLCtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: estradiolglc[c] <==> estradiolglc[r] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however glucuronidated metabolites need to get out of the cell NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glucuronidated compound transport
type: Reaction

544486
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

608278
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746251
type: SpeciesReference

754071
product: 617006
reactant: 616934
reactant: 616958
product: 616994
product: 616982
reversible: false
product: 616970
type: Reaction
name: folylpolyglutamate synthetase, mitochondrial
fast: false
reactant: 616946
notes: Abbreviation: R_FPGSm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.3.2.17 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [m] : (4) atp + (4) glu-L + thf --> 5thf + (4) adp + (4) h + (4) pi Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_2356#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FPGS#ECNUMBERS:6.3.2.17# proteins: NAME:folylpolyglutamate synthase #ABBREVIATION:Fpgs.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:McGuire JJ, Russell CA, Balinska M.#TITLE:Human cytosolic and mitochondrial folylpolyglutamate synthetase are electrophoretically distinct. Expression in antifolate-sensitive and -resistant human cell lines.#JOURNAL: J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10777604# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2356.1)

597133
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746437
type: SpeciesReference

746623
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine_C10H12N2O4
type: Species

755175
product: 643647
reactant: 643635
notes: Abbreviation: R_DUMPtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: dump[c] <==> dump[n] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dUMP nuclear transport
type: Reaction

755685
product: 655469
product: 655457
reactant: 655445
reactant: 655433
notes: Abbreviation: R_THMDt4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: na1[e] + thymd[e] --> na1[c] + thymd[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_9154#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC28A1# LOCUS:_64078#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC28A3# LOCUS:_9154#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC28A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 1, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc28a1.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 3, extracellular #ABBREVIATION:Slc28a3.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc28a1.2-e# citations: AUTHORS:Gray JH, Owen RP, Giacomini KM.#TITLE:The concentrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC28. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12856181# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9154.1) or (9154.2) or (64078.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: thymidine transport in via sodium symport
type: Reaction

752993
product: 591275
reactant: 591262
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_cspg_b_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : cspg_b <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: chondroitin sulfate B / dermatan sulfate (IdoA2S-GalNAc4S) proteoglycan exchange
type: Reaction

745694
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C3H6OFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

564653
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

747939
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H14O15P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

547093
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745836
type: SpeciesReference

745890
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dIDP_C10H11N4O10P2
type: Species

646117
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746807
type: SpeciesReference

545407
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744484
type: SpeciesReference

756616
product: 677458
reactant: 677446
notes: Abbreviation: R_OXAtp Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: oxa[x] --> oxa[c] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Baker PR, Cramer SD, Kennedy M, Assimos DG, Holmes RP.#TITLE:Glycolate and glyoxylate metabolism in HepG2 cells.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15240345# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: oxalate transport out of peroxisome
type: Reaction

571032
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

544256
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749213
type: SpeciesReference

541070
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

535928
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747075
type: SpeciesReference

746561
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Oxidized glutathione_C20H30N6O12S2
type: Species

677326
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

694438
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745808
type: SpeciesReference

749315
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: alpha-Tocopherol_C29H50O2
type: Species

625903
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

579808
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744224
type: SpeciesReference

591745
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746314
type: SpeciesReference

753343
name: chondroitin glucuronyltransferase II, Golgi apparatus
fast: false
reactant: 599284
product: 599320
reactant: 599296
product: 599332
product: 599308
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCAT3g Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cs_c,d,e_pre1 + udpglcur --> cs_c_pre2 + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 EC 2.4.1.226 NCD genes: LOCUS:_22856#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHSY1# LOCUS:_54480#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CSGlcA-T# LOCUS:_79586#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHPF# LOCUS:_337876#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CSS3# proteins: NAME:chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Csglca-t.1-g# NAME:carbohydrate (chondroitin) synthase 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chsy1.1-g# NAME:chondroitin polymerizing factor, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chpf.1-g# NAME:chondroitin sulfate synthase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Css3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Silbert JE, Sugumaran G#TITLE:Biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512856# AUTHORS:Gotoh M, Yada T, Sato T, Akashima T, Iwasaki H, Mochizuki H, Inaba N, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Watanabe H, Kimata K, Narimatsu H#TITLE:Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase that transfers glucuronic acid to N-acetylgalactosamine#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12145278# AUTHORS:Kitagawa H, Uyama T, Sugahara K#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of a human chondroitin synthase#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11514575# AUTHORS:Kitagawa H, Izumikawa T, Uyama T, Sugahara K#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a chondroitin polymerizing factor that cooperates with chondroitin synthase for chondroitin polymerization#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12716890# AUTHORS:Yada T, Sato T, Kaseyama H, Gotoh M, Iwasaki H, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Watanabe H, Narimatsu H, Kimata K#TITLE:Chondroitin sulfate synthase-3. Molecular cloning and characterization#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12907687# AUTHORS:Yada T, Gotoh M, Sato T, Shionyu M, Go M, Kaseyama H, Iwasaki H, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Watanabe H, Narimatsu H, Kimata K#TITLE:C…
reversible: false

744920
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _2-Oxoglutarate_C5H4O5
type: Species

746777
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 18_C43H66N2O45S3
type: Species

748223
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Prostaglandin E1_C20H33O5
type: Species

746563
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Oxidized glutathione_C20H30N6O12S2
type: Species

635411
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

557050
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

643599
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747393
type: SpeciesReference

569156
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745600
type: SpeciesReference

662177
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

563943
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747719
type: SpeciesReference

693896
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746397
type: SpeciesReference

753569
product: 604558
product: 604546
reactant: 604534
reactant: 604521
notes: Abbreviation: R_MALSO3tm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: mal-L[c] + so3[m] <==> mal-L[m] + so3[c] Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_1468#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A10# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25 (dicarboxylate transporter) member 10, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Slc25a10.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# AUTHORS:Crompton M, Palmieri F, Capano M, Quagliariello E.#TITLE:The transport of sulphate and sulphite in rat liver mitochondria. #YEAR:1974#PUBMED:4441366# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1468.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Malate:sulfite antiport, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

624867
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747801
type: SpeciesReference

745892
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dIDP_C10H11N4O10P2
type: Species

745692
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C3H6OFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

684929
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

756002
fast: false
product: 663079
product: 663091
reactant: 663007
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAOXC180x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.3.99.3 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid oxidation, peroxisome Equation: [x] : coa + h2o + nad + o2 + stcoa --> accoa + h + h2o2 + nadh + pmtcoa Confidence Level: 4 - in peroxisome, no fad, 1ste set of beta-ox is by acyl-coa oxidase (passes electrons directly to o2 -> h2o2) NJ genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# LOCUS:_1962#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EHHADH#ECNUMBERS:4.2.1.17.1.1.1.# LOCUS:_51#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ACOX1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.3.6# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal beta-oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox2.2-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.1-x# NAME:peroxisomal beta oxidation (lumped)#ABBREVIATION:Perox3.2-x# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (51.1 and 3295.1 and 30.1) or (51.1 and 30.1 and 1962.1) or (30.1 and 51.2 and 1962.1) or (3295.1 and 30.1 and 51.2)
product: 663103
reactant: 663043
product: 663067
reactant: 663031
type: Reaction
reactant: 663019
name: Beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid
product: 663115
reactant: 663055
reversible: false

650429
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747687
type: SpeciesReference

756314
product: 670279
reactant: 670267
notes: Abbreviation: R_CO2t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: co2[e] <==> co2[c] Confidence Level: 1 tv renamed from CO2TPr to CO2t NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: CO2 transporter via diffusion
type: Reaction

688484
stoichiometry: 10.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

603570
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746567
type: SpeciesReference

640311
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747529
type: SpeciesReference

637075
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746360
type: SpeciesReference

609998
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

749467
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Ethanol_C2H6O
type: Species

658614
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

686575
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

548494
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746436
type: SpeciesReference

691146
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

681345
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746340
type: SpeciesReference

539064
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746286
type: SpeciesReference

746621
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: H2O_H2O
type: Species

690278
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748139
type: SpeciesReference

603786
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

755687
type: Reaction
name: lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
product: 655541
notes: Abbreviation: R_LCADi_D Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Pyruvate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + lald-D + nad --> (2) h + lac-D + nadh Confidence Level: 2 JLR- added irreversible form of LCAD genes: LOCUS:_223#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH9A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3,,1.2.1.19# LOCUS:_501#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH7A1# LOCUS:_224#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A2# LOCUS:_221#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_222#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_216#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.36# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# LOCUS:_220#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A3#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_218#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh9a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a2.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh7a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.2# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.3# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a3.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ewaschuk JB, Naylor JM, Zello GA#TITLE:D-lactate in human and ruminant metabolism#JOURNAL:J Nutr#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15987839# AUTHORS:Christopher MM, Eckfeldt JH, Eaton JW.#TITLE:Propylene glycol ingestion causes D-lactic acidosis#JOURNAL:Lab Invest.#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2296157# AUTHORS:Ray S, Ray M.#TITLE:Oxidation of lactaldehyde by cytosol…
reversible: false
reactant: 655505
product: 655517
fast: false
reactant: 655493
product: 655529
reactant: 655481

624215
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745126
type: SpeciesReference

594441
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

596681
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745644
type: SpeciesReference

745696
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: diacylglycerol (homo sapiens)_C3H6OFULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

747937
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H14O15P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

752991
name: N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, lysosomal
reactant: 591214
product: 591238
reversible: true
notes: Abbreviation: R_S4TASE4ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.12 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : cs_e + h2o <==> cs_e_deg1 + h + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_411#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ARSB#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.1# LOCUS:_411#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ARSB#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.1# proteins: NAME:arylsulfatase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Arsb.1-l# NAME:arylsulfatase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Arsb.2-l# citations: AUTHORS:Schuchman EH, Jackson CE, Desnick RJ#TITLE:Human arylsulfatase B: MOPAC cloning, nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA, and regions of amino acid identity with arylsulfatases A and C#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:1968043# AUTHORS:Peters C, Schmidt B, Rommerskirch W, Rupp K, Zuhlsdorf M, Vingron M, Meyer HE, Pohlmann R, von Figura K#TITLE:Phylogenetic conservation of arylsulfatases. cDNA cloning and expression of human arylsulfatase B.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2303452# GENE ASSOCIATION: (411.1) or (411.2)
product: 591250
reactant: 591202
fast: false
product: 591226
type: Reaction

615509
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749003
type: SpeciesReference

663947
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745246
type: SpeciesReference

755791
product: 657950
reactant: 657888
product: 657962
reactant: 657913
reactant: 657925
fast: false
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4501B1r Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.14.14.1 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : estradiol + h + nadph + o2 --> h2o + hestratriol + nadp Confidence Level: 4 _4 hydroxylation of 17 beta estradiol NJ genes: LOCUS:_1545#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP1B1#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1#ABBREVIATION:Cyp1b1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lewis DF.#TITLE:_57 varieties: the human cytochromes P450.#JOURNAL:Pharmacogenomics#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15579107# AUTHORS:Tang YM, Wo YY, Stewart J, Hawkins AL, Griffin CA, Sutter TR, Greenlee WF.#TITLE:Isolation and characterization of the human cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 gene.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8910454# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1545.1)
product: 657937
type: Reaction
reactant: 657901
name: cytochrome P450 1B1

656566
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

692907
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746166
type: SpeciesReference

638592
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744838
type: SpeciesReference

756618
product: 677518
product: 677494
reversible: false
name: N-Methylputrescine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reactant: 677482
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 677506
notes: Abbreviation: R_NMPTRCOX Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.3.6 SUBSYSTEM: Alkaloid biosynthesis II Equation: [c] : nmptrc + o2 --> 1mpyr + h2o2 + nh4 Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_314#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AOC2#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.6# LOCUS:_8639#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AOC3#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.6# LOCUS:_26#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABP1#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.6# LOCUS:_314#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:AOC2# proteins: NAME:amine oxidase, copper containing 3#ABBREVIATION:Aoc3.1# NAME:amiloride binding protein 1 (amine oxidase (copper-containing))#ABBREVIATION:Abp1.1# NAME:amine oxidase, copper containing 2#ABBREVIATION:Aoc2.1# NAME:amine oxidase, copper containing 2#ABBREVIATION:Aoc2.2# citations: AUTHORS:Frydman J, Ruiz O, Robetto E, Dellacha JM, Frydman RB#TITLE:Modulation of insulin induced ornithine decarboxylase by putrescine and methylputrescines in H-35 hepatoma cells#JOURNAL:Mol Cell Biochem#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:2051998# AUTHORS:Frydman RB, Ruiz O, Kreisel M, Bachrach U#TITLE:Oxidation of N-alkyl and C-alkylputrescines by diamine oxidases#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3111885# GENE ASSOCIATION: (26.1) or (314.1) or (8639.1) or (314.2)
reactant: 677470

655589
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

667526
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

519963
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

750541
reversible: false
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_NDP7ex Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.1.6 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [e] : h2o + udp --> h + pi + ump Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_124583#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CANT1# proteins: NAME:calcium activated nucleotidase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Cant1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Murphy DM, Ivanenkov VV, Kirley TL. #TITLE:Bacterial expression and characterization of a novel, soluble, calcium-binding, and calcium-activated human nucleotidase. #JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12600208# GENE ASSOCIATION: (124583.1)
product: 533039
reactant: 532988
product: 533026
name: nucleoside-diphosphatase (UDP), extracellular
reactant: 533000
type: Reaction
product: 533013

749317
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: alpha-Tocotrienol_C29H44O2
type: Species

527051
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

748221
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Prostaglandin D2_C20H31O5
type: Species

753341
product: 599272
reactant: 599260
notes: Abbreviation: R_CHOLtu Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: chol[e] <==> chol[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB electrogenic, Na indepdendent & rev genes: LOCUS:_6582#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A2# LOCUS:_6582#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A2# LOCUS:_6584#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC22A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a2.2# NAME:solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc22a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Koepsell H, Endou H#TITLE:The SLC22 drug transporter family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12883891# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6582.1) or (6584.1) or (6582.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Choline uniport
type: Reaction

746775
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 17_C43H65N2O48S4
type: Species

542685
stoichiometry: 6.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

753567
product: 604509
product: 604497
reactant: 604485
reactant: 604473
notes: Abbreviation: R_C110CPT2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [m] : coa + dmnoncrn --> crn + dmnoncoa Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Verhoeven NM, Wanders RJ, Poll-The BT, Saudubray JM, Jakobs C.#TITLE:The metabolism of phytanic acid and pristanic acid in man: a review.#JOURNAL:J Inherit Metab Dis#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9819701# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: C110 transport into the mitochondria
type: Reaction

634016
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

745894
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
type: Species

595001
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745678
type: SpeciesReference

636907
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744064
type: SpeciesReference

744922
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkylglycerol 3-phosphate (homo sapiens)_C4H10O4PFULLRCO2
type: Species

625459
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

541190
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

756316
product: 670315
reactant: 670303
reactant: 670291
notes: Abbreviation: R_5HTRPDOX Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.13.11.42 SUBSYSTEM: Tryptophan metabolism Equation: [c] : 5htrp + o2 --> 5hoxnfkyn Confidence Level: 1 SAB genes: LOCUS:_3620#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:INDO#ECNUMBERS:1.13.11.42# proteins: NAME:indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3 dioxygenase#ABBREVIATION:Indo.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (3620.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-dioxygenase (indole-decyclizing)
type: Reaction

609131
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747097
type: SpeciesReference

660339
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748713
type: SpeciesReference

755177
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_PEFLIP Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: atp[c] + h2o[c] + pe_hs[e] --> adp[c] + h[c] + pe_hs[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 See PMID: 10856717 - flippase activity NJ genes: LOCUS:_10396#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP8A1#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.1# LOCUS:_57194#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ATP10A#ECNUMBERS:3.6.3.1# proteins: NAME:ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter (APLT), Class I, type 8A, member 1#ABBREVIATION:Atp8a1.1# NAME:ATPase, Class V, type 10A#ABBREVIATION:Atp10a.1# citations: AUTHORS:Daleke DL, Lyles JV.#TITLE:Identification and purification of aminophospholipid flippases.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10856717# AUTHORS:Herzing LB, Kim SJ, Cook EH Jr, Ledbetter DH.#TITLE:The human aminophospholipid-transporting ATPase gene ATP10C maps adjacent to UBE3A and exhibits similar imprinted expression.#JOURNAL:Am J Hum Genet#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11353404# AUTHORS:Mouro I, Halleck MS, Schlegel RA, Mattei MG, Williamson P, Zachowski A, Devaux P, Cartron JP, Colin Y.#TITLE:Cloning, expression, and chromosomal mapping of a human ATPase II gene, member of the third subfamily of P-type ATPases and orthologous to the presumed bovine and murine aminophospholipid translocase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10198212# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10396.1) or (57194.1)
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 643671
product: 643696
reactant: 643684
product: 643732
product: 643708
reactant: 643659
product: 643720
name: phosphatidylethanolamine flippase

757249
product: 692569
type: Reaction
reactant: 692532
product: 692557
notes: Abbreviation: R_OBDHc Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.7.2 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [c] : 2obut + coa + nad --> co2 + nadh + ppcoa Confidence Level: 2 as shown in Lehninger (4th ed.) for threonine degradation MM genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 692508
fast: false
reactant: 692520
name: _2-Oxobutanoate dehydrogenase, cytosolic
product: 692545
reversible: false

756004
product: 663163
product: 663151
reactant: 663139
reactant: 663127
notes: Abbreviation: R_SO4t4_3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (3) na1[e] + so4[e] <==> (3) na1[c] + so4[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6561#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC13A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporters), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc13a1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Lee A, Beck L, Markovich D#TITLE:The human renal sodium sulfate cotransporter (SLC13A1; hNaSi-1) cDNA and gene: organization, chromosomal localization, and functional characterization#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11161786# AUTHORS:Pajor AM#TITLE:Molecular properties of sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporters#JOURNAL:J Membr Biol#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10811962# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6561.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sulfate transport via sodium symport
type: Reaction

745480
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Ceramide 1-phosphate_C18H35NO5PFULLRCO
type: Species

535234
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981
type: SpeciesReference

749469
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Fe2+_Fe
type: Species

681417
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745382
type: SpeciesReference

689530
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

677000
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

632507
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

617660
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611
type: SpeciesReference

746627
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: H+_H
type: Species

745698
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _1-alkenyl 2-acylglycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine plasmalogen (homo sapiens)_C7H14O5NPFULLRFULLR2CO
type: Species

596055
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

573353
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745084
type: SpeciesReference

755689
product: 655565
reactant: 655553
notes: Abbreviation: R_PS_HStg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: ps_hs[c] <==> ps_hs[g] Confidence Level: 2 for assumed reversible, non-energy dep scramblase mechanism (PMID: 10856717). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Daleke DL, Lyles JV.#TITLE:Identification and purification of aminophospholipid flippases.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10856717# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: phosphatidylserine scramblase
type: Reaction

755171
product: 643599
reversible: false
product: 643587
name: H6 mannosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum
type: Reaction
product: 643575
reactant: 643563
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_H6MTer_L Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolmanp_L + m2emgacpail_hs --> (0.1) dolp_L + h + m3emgacpail_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_80235#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SMP3# proteins: NAME:SMP3 mannosyltransferase, endoplasmic reticulum#ABBREVIATION:Smp3.1-r# citations: AUTHORS:Taron BW, Colussi PA, Wiedman JM, Orlean P, Taron CH#TITLE:Human Smp3p adds a fourth mannose to yeast and human glycosylphosphatidylinositol precursors in vivo#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15208306# GENE ASSOCIATION: (80235.1)
reactant: 643551

749463
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Estrone 3-sulfate_C18H21O5S
type: Species

754075
product: 617066
fast: false
reversible: false
type: Reaction
product: 617078
notes: Abbreviation: R_4HBZFm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Ubiquinone Biosynthesis Equation: [m] : 4hbzcoa + h2o --> 4hbz + coa + h Confidence Level: 2 IT reaction involved in formation of 4-hydroxybenzoate from tyrosine. genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Meganathan R.#TITLE:Ubiquinone biosynthesis in microorganisms.#JOURNAL:FEMS Microbiol Lett. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11583838# AUTHORS:Loscher R, Heide L.#TITLE:Biosynthesis of p-Hydroxybenzoate from p-Coumarate and p-Coumaroyl-Coenzyme A in Cell-Free Extracts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Cell Cultures. #JOURNAL:Plant Physiol.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:12232327# AUTHORS:Booth, A. N., Masri, M. S., Robbins, D. J., Emerson, O. H., Jones, F. T. & DeEds, F.#TITLE:Urinary Phenolic Acid Metabolites of Tyrosine#JOURNAL:J. Biol. Chem#YEAR:1960# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 617042
reactant: 617054
name: _4-hydroxybenzoate formation
product: 617090

752997
product: 591397
fast: false
name: ethanol monooxygenase
product: 591385
reversible: false
reactant: 591348
type: Reaction
product: 591409
reactant: 591360
reactant: 591336
reactant: 591373
notes: Abbreviation: R_ETOHMO Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Equation: [c] : etoh + h + nadph + o2 --> acald + (2) h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_1571#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2E1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily E, polypeptide 1#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2e1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Colleen Smith, Allan Marks, Michael Lieberman#TITLE:Marks' Basic Medical Biochemistry#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1571.1)

530823
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745828
type: SpeciesReference

526566
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748531
type: SpeciesReference

555915
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748193
type: SpeciesReference

667201
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

756612
product: 677374
product: 677362
reactant: 677350
reactant: 677338
notes: Abbreviation: R_C181CPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + odecrn --> crn + odecoa Confidence Level: 4 TDV genes: LOCUS:_1376#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# proteins: NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Cpt2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Finocchiaro G, Taroni F, Rocchi M, Martin AL, Colombo I, Tarelli GT, DiDonato S. #TITLE:cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the gene for human carnitine palmitoyltransferase. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1988962# AUTHORS:Taroni F, Verderio E, Fiorucci S, Cavadini P, Finocchiaro G, Uziel G, Lamantea E, Gellera C, DiDonato S.#TITLE:Molecular characterization of inherited carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1528846# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1376.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine octadecenoyl transferase
type: Reaction

634366
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748005
type: SpeciesReference

749319
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoate_C4H7O3
type: Species

604594
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746236
type: SpeciesReference

746771
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 15_C49H71N2O57S5
type: Species

555491
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745636
type: SpeciesReference

671578
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

651802
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748019
type: SpeciesReference

744924
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: beta-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

605915
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748879
type: SpeciesReference

586471
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748445
type: SpeciesReference

672807
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749191
type: SpeciesReference

746773
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 16_C49H72N2O54S4
type: Species

753565
product: 604461
reactant: 604449
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_bilirub_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : bilirub <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Bilirubin exchange
type: Reaction

642639
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

543725
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

564557
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429
type: SpeciesReference

619721
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745382
type: SpeciesReference

624746
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

754077
product: 617140
product: 617127
reactant: 617115
reactant: 617103
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYSTAm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.6.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: [m] : akg + cys-L <==> glu-L + mercppyr Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: LOCUS:_2806#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GOT2#ECNUMBERS:2.6.1.1# proteins: NAME:aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Got2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Stipanuk MH#TITLE:Sulfur amino acid metabolism: pathways for production and removal of homocysteine and cysteine#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15189131# AUTHORS:Ubuka T, Umemura S, Yuasa S, Kinuta M, Watanabe K. #TITLE:Purification and characterization of mitochondrial cysteine aminotransferase from rat liver. #YEAR:1978#PUBMED:754189# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2806.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cysteine transaminase (mitochondrial)
type: Reaction

756318
product: 670364
product: 670352
reactant: 670340
reactant: 670328
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt11m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dadp[c] + dgdp[m] --> dadp[m] + dgdp[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dADP transport via dGDP antiport
type: Reaction

605224
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

745482
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3
type: Species

756006
product: 663187
reactant: 663175
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_dhf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : dhf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _7,8-Dihydrofolate exchange
type: Reaction

689446
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

564340
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746451
type: SpeciesReference

755173
product: 643623
reactant: 643611
notes: Abbreviation: R_PE_HStg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: pe_hs[c] <==> pe_hs[g] Confidence Level: 2 NCD for assumed reversible, non-energy dep scramblase mechanism (PMID: 10856717). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Daleke DL, Lyles JV.#TITLE:Identification and purification of aminophospholipid flippases.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10856717# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: phosphatidylethanolamine scramblase
type: Reaction

745486
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3
type: Species

752995
product: 591324
product: 591312
reactant: 591299
reactant: 591287
notes: Abbreviation: R_LYSMTF3n Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.1.1.43 SUBSYSTEM: Lysine Metabolism Equation: [n] : Ndmelys + amet --> Ntmelys + ahcys Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_79723#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUV39H2# LOCUS:_10919#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:BAT8# LOCUS:_9869#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SETDB1# LOCUS:_6839#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SUV39H1# LOCUS:_83852#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SETDB2# LOCUS:_58508#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MLL3# LOCUS:_58508#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:MLL3# LOCUS:_10919#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:BAT8# LOCUS:_84444#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DOT1L# LOCUS:_80854#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SET7# LOCUS:_79813#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EHMT1# LOCUS:_387893#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SET8# proteins: NAME:suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (Drosophila), nuclear #ABBREVIATION:Suv39h1.1-n# NAME:SET domain, bifurcated 1, nuclear #ABBREVIATION:Setdb1.1-n# NAME:myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 3, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:Mll3.1-n# NAME:myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 3, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:Mll3.2-n# NAME:DOT1-like, histone H3 methyltransferase (S. cerevisiae), nuclear #ABBREVIATION:Dot1l.1-n# NAME:SET domain-containing protein 7, nuclear #ABBREVIATION:Set7.1-n# NAME:HLA-B associated transcript 8, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:Bat8.1-n# NAME:HLA-B associated transcript 8, nuclear#ABBREVIATION:Bat8.2-n# NAME:SET domain, bifurcated 2, nuclear #ABBREVIATION:Setdb2.1-n# NAME:suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 2 (Drosophila), nuclear #ABBREVIATION:Suv39h2.1-n# NAME:euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1, nuclear #ABBREVIATION:Ehmt1.1-n# NAME:PR/SET domain containing protein 8, nuclear #ABBREVIATION:Set8.1-n# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (387893.1) or (58508.2) or (83852.1) or (80854.1) or (9869.1) or (84444.1) or (10919.2) or (6839.1) or (10919.1) or (79723.1) or (58508.1) or (79813.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, nuclear
type: Reaction

673146
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746543
type: SpeciesReference

639962
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748873
type: SpeciesReference

563391
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744030
type: SpeciesReference

746625
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: H+_H
type: Species

754073
product: 617030
reactant: 617018
notes: Abbreviation: R_10FTHF5GLUtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: _10fthf5glu[m] --> 10fthf5glu[c] Confidence Level: 2 mechanism is unknown IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5-glutamyl-10FTHF transport, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

749465
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Ethanolamine phosphate_C2H7NO4P
type: Species

607698
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747193
type: SpeciesReference

547650
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745752
type: SpeciesReference

659446
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

623371
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747223
type: SpeciesReference

756614
notes: Abbreviation: R_PNTKm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.33 SUBSYSTEM: CoA Biosynthesis Equation: [m] : atp + pnto-R --> 4ppan + adp + h Confidence Level: 4 IT based on In Hoertnagel et al, 2003, Human Mol. genetics, 12(3), 321-327, genes: LOCUS:_80025#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:PANK2#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.33# proteins: NAME:Pantothenate kinase 2 (mitochondrial)#ABBREVIATION:PanK2.5# citations: AUTHORS:Daugherty M, Polanuyer B, Farrell M, Scholle M, Lykidis A, de Crecy-Lagard V, Osterman A. #TITLE:Complete reconstitution of the human coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway via comparative genomics.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11923312# AUTHORS:Zhou B, Westaway SK, Levinson B, Johnson MA, Gitschier J, Hayflick SJ. #TITLE:A novel pantothenate kinase gene (PANK2) is defective in Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.#JOURNAL:Nat Genet. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11479594# AUTHORS:Hortnagel K, Prokisch H, Meitinger T. #TITLE:An isoform of hPANK2, deficient in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, localizes to mitochondria.#JOURNAL:Hum Mol Genet#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12554685# GENE ASSOCIATION: (80025.5)
fast: false
name: pantothenate kinase (mitochondrial)
reversible: false
product: 677422
product: 677434
reactant: 677398
type: Reaction
reactant: 677386
product: 677410

627769
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

672953
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747261
type: SpeciesReference

659385
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747343
type: SpeciesReference

744926
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: beta-Alanine_C3H7NO2
type: Species

660121
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

587288
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746791
type: SpeciesReference

556723
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746469
type: SpeciesReference

625314
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

603026
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747537
type: SpeciesReference

753563
reversible: false
product: 604437
reactant: 604401
reactant: 604389
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT97g Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.4.1.152 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : fuc132galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fucfuc132galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10690#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT9#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.152# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 9 (alpha(,13) fucosyltransferase)#ABBREVIATION:Fut9.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kaneko M, Kudo T, Iwasaki H, Ikehara Y, Nishihara S, Nakagawa S, Sasaki K, Shiina T, Inoko H, Saitou N, Narimatsu H.#TITLE:Alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (Fuc-TIX) is very highly conserved between human and mouse; molecular cloning, characterization and tissue distribution of human Fuc-TIX.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10386598# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10690.1)
product: 604413
name: Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase
product: 604425
type: Reaction

539281
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744360
type: SpeciesReference

646760
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748857
type: SpeciesReference

752839
product: 587701
reactant: 587689
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACUP Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: nac[e] --> nac[c] Confidence Level: 2 JLR genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Nicotinic acid uptake
type: Reaction

756008
reactant: 663211
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 663199
name: phosphoethanolamine cytidyltransferase
notes: Abbreviation: R_PETHCT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.7.14 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : ctp + ethamp + h --> cdpea + ppi Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5833#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PCYT2# proteins: NAME:phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2, ethanolamine#ABBREVIATION:Pcyt2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Kent C#TITLE:Eukaryotic phospholipid biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Nakashima A, Hosaka K, Nikawa J#TITLE:Cloning of a human cDNA for CTP-Phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase by complementation in vivo of a yeast mutant#JOURNAL:Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:1997# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5833.1)
reactant: 663223
product: 663235
reversible: false
product: 663247

559827
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748911
type: SpeciesReference

745484
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Carnitine_C7H15NO3
type: Species

590045
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744238
type: SpeciesReference

553013
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747703
type: SpeciesReference

559719
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747981
type: SpeciesReference

756116
product: 665548
reactant: 665536
notes: Abbreviation: R_BTNtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: btn[c] <==> btn[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Pispa J.#TITLE:Animal biotinidase.#JOURNAL:Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn. #YEAR:1965#PUBMED:5867120# AUTHORS:Zempleni J., Mock D.M.#TITLE:Biotin homeostasis during the cell cycle #JOURNAL:Nutrition Research Reviews#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Hymes J, Fleischhauer K, Wolf B.#TITLE:Biotinylation of biotinidase following incubation with biocytin.#JOURNAL:Clin Chim Acta#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7758201# AUTHORS:Hymes J, Fleischhauer K, Wolf B.#TITLE:Biotinylation of histones by human serum biotinidase: assessment of biotinyl-transferase activity in sera from normal individuals and children with biotinidase deficiency.#JOURNAL:Biochem Mol Med.#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:8593541# AUTHORS:Zempleni J.#TITLE:Uptake, localization, and noncarboxylase roles of biotin.#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:16011464# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Biotin transport, nuclear
type: Reaction

687650
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747107
type: SpeciesReference

529697
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

643045
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

555806
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

544026
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

617552
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

526457
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

745028
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Apocarboxlase (no lys residue)_XH
type: Species

691760
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746535
type: SpeciesReference

531660
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745248
type: SpeciesReference

753675
product: 607199
reactant: 607187
notes: Abbreviation: R_O2Stx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: o2s[c] <==> o2s[x] Confidence Level: 2 genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Archibald F.#TITLE:Oxygen toxicity and the health and survival of eukaryote cells: a new piece is added to the puzzle. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12939409# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: superoxide anion transport via diffusion (peroxisome)
type: Reaction

573923
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747691
type: SpeciesReference

589406
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747799
type: SpeciesReference

651790
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 744972
type: SpeciesReference

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species: 745410
type: SpeciesReference

574894
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species: 747433
type: SpeciesReference

559101
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748857
type: SpeciesReference

686272
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746253
type: SpeciesReference

634256
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

682913
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747387
type: SpeciesReference

619879
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

756980
product: 686104
reactant: 686056
name: cytochrome c oxidase, mitochondrial Complex IV
reactant: 686044
product: 686080
reactant: 686068
product: 686092
reversible: false
fast: false
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYOOm3 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.9.3.1 SUBSYSTEM: Oxidative Phosphorylation Equation: (4) focytC[m] + (7.92) h[m] + o2[m] --> (4) ficytC[m] + (4) h[c] + (1.96) h2o[m] + (0.02) o2s[m] Confidence Level: 4 TV, 2% O2 lost in O2- genes: LOCUS:_4514#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTCO3# LOCUS:_4513#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTCO2#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_9377#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX5A#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_9167#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX7A2L# LOCUS:_1337#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX6A1#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_1347#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX7A2#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_1346#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX7A1#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_1329#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX5B#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_1339#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX6A2#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_1327#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX4I1#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_1345#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX6C#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_1350#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX7C# LOCUS:_84701#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX4I2# LOCUS:_4512#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTCO1# LOCUS:_1340#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX6B1#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_1351#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX8#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# LOCUS:_1349#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX7B# LOCUS:_341947#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX8C# LOCUS:_125965#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX6B2# LOCUS:_170712#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:COX7B2#ECNUMBERS:1.9.3.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1#ABBREVIATION:Cox4i1.1-m# NAME:cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb #ABBREVIATION:Cox5b.1-m# NAME:cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 1#ABBREVIATION:Cox6a1.1-m# NAME:cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 2#ABBREVIATION:Cox6a2.1-m# NAME:cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vib polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous) #ABBREVIATION:Cox6b1.1-m# NAME:cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc#ABBREVIATION:Cox6c.1-m# NAME:cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 1 (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cox7a1.1-m# NAME:cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cox7a2.…
product: 686116

600247
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748247
type: SpeciesReference

645937
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

538774
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746176
type: SpeciesReference

564448
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748745
type: SpeciesReference

624637
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

530931
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744010
type: SpeciesReference

752837
product: 587677
reactant: 587665
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLUtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: glu-L[c] <==> glu-L[r] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism, needed to transport glu-L out of ER in conversion of leuktrC4-> leuktrD4 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: intracellular transport
type: Reaction

608049
stoichiometry: 7.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

605806
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429
type: SpeciesReference

651911
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

574591
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746713
type: SpeciesReference

655144
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744648
type: SpeciesReference

755797
product: 658094
name: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 4-kinase
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI3P4K Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + pail3p_hs --> adp + h + pail34p_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD FULLR corresponds to acyl/R groups in texts. NJ changed EC from 2.7.1.149 (pail5p) to 2.7.1.68 (pail4p) - NCD genes: LOCUS:_8394#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIP5K1A#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.68# LOCUS:_5297#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK4CA#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.67,2.7.1.68# LOCUS:_23396#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIP5K1C# LOCUS:_5298#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK4CB# LOCUS:_55361#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PI4KII# LOCUS:_8395#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIP5K1B# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, gamma #ABBREVIATION:Pip5k1c.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Pik4ca.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, beta polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Pik4cb.1# NAME:phosphtaidylinositol 4-kinase, type II#ABBREVIATION:Pi4kii.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, beta#ABBREVIATION:Pip5k1b.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha#ABBREVIATION:Pip5k1a.1# citations: AUTHORS:Tolias KF, Cantley LC#TITLE:Pathways for phosphoinositide synthesis#JOURNAL:Chem Phys Lipids#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10358929# AUTHORS:Zhang X, Loijens JC, Boronenkov IV, Parker GJ, Norris FA, Chen J, Thum O, Prestwich GD, Majerus PW, Anderson RA#TITLE:Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase isozymes catalyze the synthesis of 3-phosphate-containing phosphatidylinositol signaling molecules#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9211928# AUTHORS:Rameh LE, Tolias KF, Duckworth BC, Cantley LC#TITLE:A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate#JOURNAL:Nature#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9367159# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55361.1) or (5297.1) or (8394.1) or (23396.1) or (8395.1) or (5298.1)
reactant: 658046
fast: false
product: 658082
product: 658070
reactant: 658058
reversible: false

599572
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747223
type: SpeciesReference

594333
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

756118
product: 665573
reactant: 665561
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_mthgxl_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : mthgxl <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Methylglyoxal exchange
type: Reaction

748229
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Prostaglandin E2_C20H31O5
type: Species

600355
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746450
type: SpeciesReference

563282
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120
type: SpeciesReference

753673
product: 607175
reactant: 607163
notes: Abbreviation: R_LEUKTRD4tr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: leuktrD4[c] <==> leuktrD4[r] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism, presumed diffusion NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: leukotriene intracellular transport
type: Reaction

681115
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747685
type: SpeciesReference

690012
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744690
type: SpeciesReference

673255
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

643153
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

652744
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

528862
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 747615
type: SpeciesReference

623263
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

591033
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

745250
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Cob(I)alamin_C62H88CoN13O14P
type: Species

539390
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611
type: SpeciesReference

657114
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747949
type: SpeciesReference

756982
reactant: 686128
product: 686176
product: 686164
name: glycogen synthase (ggn -> glygn1)
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 686140
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLGNS1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.1.11 SUBSYSTEM: Starch and Sucrose Metabolism Equation: [c] : ggn + (3) udpg --> glygn1 + (3) h + (3) udp Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2998#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GYS2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.11# LOCUS:_2997#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GYS1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.11# LOCUS:_2992#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GYG# LOCUS:_8908#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GYG2# proteins: NAME:glycogenin#ABBREVIATION:Gyg.1# NAME:glycogenin 2#ABBREVIATION:Gyg2.1# NAME:glycogen synthase 1 (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Gys1.1# NAME:glycogen synthase 2 (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Gys2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lomako J, Lomako WM, Whelan WJ#TITLE:Glycogenin: the primer for mammalian and yeast glycogen synthesis#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15238248# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8908.1) and (2997.1) or (2998.1) and (2992.1) or (2997.1) and (2992.1) or (8908.1) and (2998.1)
reversible: false
product: 686152

534715
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745930
type: SpeciesReference

660012
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

752835
fast: false
reactant: 587616
reactant: 587603
product: 587652
name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_PIK3 Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 2.7.1.137 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + pail_hs --> adp + h + pail3p_hs Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_5289#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3C3# LOCUS:_5291#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3CB#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5290#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3CA#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5287#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3C2B#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5293#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3CD#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5286#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3C2A#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5294#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3CG#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_23533#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:P101-PI3K# LOCUS:_5288#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3C2G#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.137# LOCUS:_5295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3R1# LOCUS:_8503#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3R3# LOCUS:_5296#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIK3R2# LOCUS:_5295#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PIK3R1# LOCUS:_5295#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:PIK3R1# LOCUS:_10870#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HCST# proteins: NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110a, p85a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3car1.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110a, p55a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3car1.2# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110a, p50a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3car.3# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110a, p85b)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3car2.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110a, p55c)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3car3.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110b, p85a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cbr1.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110b, p55a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cbr1.2# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110b, p50a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cbr1.3# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110b, p85b)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cbr2.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110b, p55c)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cbr3.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110c, p85a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cdr1.1# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110c, p55a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cdr1.2# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110c, p50a)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cdr1.3# NAME:phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p110c, p85b)#ABBREVIATION:Pik3cd…
product: 587628
type: Reaction
product: 587640

540926
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746452
type: SpeciesReference

587131
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746671
type: SpeciesReference

564232
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

755799
product: 658143
product: 658130
reactant: 658118
reactant: 658106
notes: Abbreviation: R_MM8Cg Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 3.2.1.113 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : h2o + m8masn --> m7masnC + man Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4121#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A1# LOCUS:_10905#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A2# LOCUS:_57134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1C1# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 1, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a1.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 2, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a2.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1, Golgi apparatus (all tested except lung, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:Man1c1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel human Golgi alpha 1, 2-mannosidase (IC) involved in N-glycan biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10915796# AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Campbell Dyke N, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and tissue-specific expression of a novel human alpha1,2-mannosidase gene involved in N-glycan maturation.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9592125# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4121.1) or (57134.1) or (10905.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

538627
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748141
type: SpeciesReference

580548
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745172
type: SpeciesReference

522999
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748893
type: SpeciesReference

748227
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Prostaglandin E2_C20H31O5
type: Species

664344
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747495
type: SpeciesReference

614871
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

640467
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748147
type: SpeciesReference

661505
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746418
type: SpeciesReference

756112
product: 665488
reactant: 665452
type: Reaction
reactant: 665464
product: 665476
reversible: false
reactant: 665440
name: _3-Methylimidazole acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
notes: Abbreviation: R_MACOXO Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.5 SUBSYSTEM: Histidine Metabolism Equation: [c] : 3mldz + h2o + nad --> 3mlda + (2) h + nadh Confidence Level: 4 SAB added 2 h to balance--not certain genes: LOCUS:_4129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAOB#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.4# LOCUS:_221#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_222#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_220#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A3#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_218#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# proteins: NAME:monoamine oxidase B#ABBREVIATION:MaoB.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a3.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Zimatkin SM, Anichtchik OV#TITLE:Alcohol-histamine interactions#JOURNAL:Alcohol Alcohol#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10344773# GENE ASSOCIATION: (221.1) or (4129.1) or (220.1) or (218.1) or (222.1)
fast: false
product: 665500

757359
product: 695173
reactant: 695161
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUCFUCGALACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: fucfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> fucfucgalacglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

551508
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748519
type: SpeciesReference

560953
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744526
type: SpeciesReference

564015
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

647092
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749271
type: SpeciesReference

571141
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

678288
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

693740
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

618084
stoichiometry: 1.5
species: 744534
type: SpeciesReference

753679
product: 607300
product: 607287
reactant: 607274
reactant: 607261
notes: Abbreviation: R_SCP2x Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [x] : coa + dhocholoylcoa --> dgcholcoa + ppcoa Confidence Level: 4 SCP has two transcripts, second isoform specific to peroxisomes, first is specific for cyt and mit need to double check stoichiometry - reaction cofactors (additional coa + release of prop coa) from BM (Roche) Biochemical Pathways version 2 analog added as per KEGG NJ genes: LOCUS:_6342#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SCP2# proteins: NAME:sterol carrier protein 2#ABBREVIATION:Scp2x.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yamamoto R, Kallen CB, Babalola GO, Rennert H, Billheimer JT, Strauss JF 3rd.#TITLE:Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding human sterol carrier protein 2.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1703300# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6342.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: peroxisomal thiolase 2
type: Reaction

574007
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

595547
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

576513
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

586315
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

579918
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746617
type: SpeciesReference

745254
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Cob(II)alamin_C62H92CoN13O14P
type: Species

753453
product: 602043
reactant: 602031
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2O2tly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: h2o2[c] <==> h2o2[l] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ohno Y, Gallin JI. #TITLE:Diffusion of extracellular hydrogen peroxide into intracellular compartments of human neutrophils. Studies utilizing the inactivation of myeloperoxidase by hydrogen peroxide and azide.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2989289# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: hydrogen peroxide lysosomal transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

675929
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749900
type: SpeciesReference

600987
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744842
type: SpeciesReference

688375
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749137
type: SpeciesReference

612062
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

672746
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

745252
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Cob(II)alamin_C62H92CoN13O14P
type: Species

756984
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT910g Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.4.1.152 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : fucgalacglc13galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fucfucgalacglc13galacglcgal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10690#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT9#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.152# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 9 (alpha(,13) fucosyltransferase)#ABBREVIATION:Fut9.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kaneko M, Kudo T, Iwasaki H, Ikehara Y, Nishihara S, Nakagawa S, Sasaki K, Shiina T, Inoko H, Saitou N, Narimatsu H.#TITLE:Alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (Fuc-TIX) is very highly conserved between human and mouse; molecular cloning, characterization and tissue distribution of human Fuc-TIX.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10386598# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10690.1)
product: 686212
reactant: 686200
name: Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase
fast: false
reversible: false
product: 686224
type: Reaction
product: 686236
reactant: 686188

677434
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

756310
fast: false
product: 670231
product: 670207
reactant: 670195
notes: Abbreviation: R_AGPSx Synonyms: _11 EC Number: 2.5.1.26 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [x] : adhap_hs + alkylR1oh --> Rtotal + akdhap_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_8540#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AGPS#ECNUMBERS:2.5.1.26# proteins: NAME:alkylglycerone phosphate synthase#ABBREVIATION:Agps.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:deVet ECJM, vandenBosch H#TITLE:Alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase#JOURNAL:Cell Biochemsitry and Biophysics#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:deVet ECJM, Ijlst L, Oostheim W, Wanders RJA, vandenBosch H#TITLE:Alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase#JOURNAL:Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Hajra AK#TITLE:Glycerolipid biosynthesis in peroxisomes#JOURNAL:Prog Lipid Res#YEAR:1995# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8540.1)
name: alkylglycerone phosphate synthase
reactant: 670183
reversible: false
type: Reaction
product: 670219

549280
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 748869
type: SpeciesReference

650538
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746221
type: SpeciesReference

755793
product: 657986
reactant: 657974
notes: Abbreviation: R_10FTHFtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: _10fthf[c] <==> 10fthf[l] Confidence Level: 2 NCD, IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _10-Formyltetrahydrofolate lysosomal transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

545937
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

745896
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
type: Species

756110
product: 665428
reactant: 665416
notes: Abbreviation: R_CHSTEROLt1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: chsterol[l] <==> chsterol[m] Confidence Level: 2 specific mechanism not known, proton dependence for trans-mit transport has been suggested, however directionality and stoichiometry has not yet been elucidated. see PMID: 12770731 and others NJ genes: LOCUS:_10948#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:STARD3# proteins: NAME:START domain containing 3#ABBREVIATION:Stard3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Zhang M, Liu P, Dwyer NK, Christenson LK, Fujimoto T, Martinez F, Comly M, Hanover JA, Blanchette-Mackie EJ, Strauss JF 3rd.#TITLE:MLN64 mediates mobilization of lysosomal cholesterol to steroidogenic mitochondria.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12070139# AUTHORS:Jefcoate C.#TITLE:High-flux mitochondrial cholesterol trafficking, a specialized function of the adrenal cortex.#JOURNAL:J Clin Invest#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12370263# AUTHORS:Strauss JF 3rd, Kishida T, Christenson LK, Fujimoto T, Hiroi H.#TITLE:START domain proteins and the intracellular trafficking of cholesterol in steroidogenic cells.#JOURNAL:Mol Cell Endocrinol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12770731# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10948.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cholesterol intracellular transport
type: Reaction

642796
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

655361
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744638
type: SpeciesReference

752833
product: 587591
reactant: 587579
notes: Abbreviation: R_10FTHF5GLUtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: _10fthf5glu[c] --> 10fthf5glu[l] Confidence Level: 2 carrier-mediated transport - but which and how is unknown IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5-glutamyl-10FTHF transport, lysosomal
type: Reaction

624976
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745930
type: SpeciesReference

615738
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748133
type: SpeciesReference

533991
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

678832
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

519854
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745052
type: SpeciesReference

749313
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: ATP_C10H12N5O13P3
type: Species

609023
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746829
type: SpeciesReference

748225
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Prostaglandin E1_C20H33O5
type: Species

757357
product: 695149
product: 695137
reactant: 695125
reactant: 695113
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI3P3Pn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [n] : h2o + pail3p_hs --> pail_hs + pi Confidence Level: 2 EC 3.1.3.- NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF#TITLE:Nuclear lipid signalling#JOURNAL:Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12728269# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatase, nuclear
type: Reaction

663838
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744798
type: SpeciesReference

678203
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746771
type: SpeciesReference

756114
product: 665524
reactant: 665512
notes: Abbreviation: R_LNLNCGCRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: lnlncgcrn[c] --> lnlncgcrn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: transport into the mitochondria (carnitine)
type: Reaction

668048
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745820
type: SpeciesReference

753677
product: 607248
product: 607235
reactant: 607223
reactant: 607211
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACT9p Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.16 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [x] : 3ohxccoa + coa --> accoa + ttccoa Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_30#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACAA1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.16# proteins: NAME:acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1#ABBREVIATION:Acaa1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bout A, Franse MM, Collins J, Blonden L, Tager JM, Benne R.#TITLE:Characterization of the gene encoding human peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase (ACAA). No large DNA rearrangement in a thiolase-deficient patient.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1679347# GENE ASSOCIATION: (30.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: acetyl-CoA acyltransferase (tetracosanoyl-CoA), peroxisomal
type: Reaction

537697
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

596790
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

637894
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

561049
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745096
type: SpeciesReference

755683
product: 655397
type: Reaction
reactant: 655373
product: 655421
reversible: false
fast: false
reactant: 655361
reactant: 655385
name: aldehyde dehydrogenase (acetaldehyde, NAD)
product: 655409
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALDD2x Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Equation: [c] : acald + h2o + nad --> ac + (2) h + nadh Confidence Level: 0 Only acetaldehyde considered for now. See also 1.2.1.4. Wide specificity, including oxidation of D-glucuronolactone to D-glucarate. Formerly EC 1.1.1.70 genes: LOCUS:_223#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH9A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3,,1.2.1.19# LOCUS:_501#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH7A1# LOCUS:_224#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A2# LOCUS:_221#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_222#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3B2#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_216#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.36# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# LOCUS:_220#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A3#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3# LOCUS:_218#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.5# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh9a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a2.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh7a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.2# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.3# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a3.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Sladek NE#TITLE:Human aldehyde dehydrogenases: potential pathological, pharmacological, and toxicological impact#JOURNAL:J Biochem Mol Toxicol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12616643# GENE ASSOCIATION: (218.1) or (501.1) or (8854.2) or …

557160
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746687
type: SpeciesReference

690169
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746068
type: SpeciesReference

753451
product: 602019
reactant: 602007
notes: Abbreviation: R_DMGtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dmgly[c] <==> dmgly[m] Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: dimethylglycine transport via diffusion (cytosol to mitochondria)
type: Reaction

745256
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Carbamoyl phosphate_CH2NO5P
type: Species

535343
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746000
type: SpeciesReference

694546
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743866
type: SpeciesReference

756986
fast: false
product: 686296
product: 686284
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUT14g Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 2.4.1.69 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdpfuc --> fuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + gdp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_2523#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FUT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.69# proteins: NAME:fucosyltransferase 1#ABBREVIATION:Fut1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Larsen RD, Ernst LK, Nair RP, Lowe JB.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, sequence, and expression of a human GDP-L-fucose:beta-D-galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase cDNA that can form the H blood group antigen.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2118655# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2523.1)
reactant: 686260
type: Reaction
name: Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 1
reversible: false
reactant: 686248
product: 686272

667636
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743888
type: SpeciesReference

750651
product: 535501
reactant: 535489
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_taxol_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : taxol <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: paclitaxel exchange
type: Reaction

755681
product: 655349
reactant: 655337
notes: Abbreviation: R_PCHOL_HSter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: pchol_hs[c] <==> pchol_hs[r] Confidence Level: 2 for assumed reversible, non-energy dep scramblase mechanism (PMID: 10856717). NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Daleke DL, Lyles JV.#TITLE:Identification and purification of aminophospholipid flippases.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10856717# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: phosphatidylcholine scramblase
type: Reaction

671422
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748929
type: SpeciesReference

756312
product: 670255
reactant: 670243
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ura_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ura <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Uracil exchange
type: Reaction

555564
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745482
type: SpeciesReference

575689
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746064
type: SpeciesReference

661087
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744560
type: SpeciesReference

755795
product: 658034
product: 658022
reactant: 658010
reactant: 657998
notes: Abbreviation: R_GGT_U Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : (16.5) ipdp + ttc-ggdp --> (0.1) dedoldp_U + (16.5) ppi Confidence Level: 0 EC 2.5.1.- NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: geranylgeranyltransferase (uterus)
type: Reaction

745898
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
type: Species

746779
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 19_C43H67N2O42S2
type: Species

752831
type: Reaction
name: glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP), mitochondrial
product: 587543
product: 587567
product: 587531
reactant: 587495
product: 587555
reactant: 587519
reversible: true
fast: false
reactant: 587507
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLUDym Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.1.4 SUBSYSTEM: Glutamate metabolism Equation: [m] : glu-L + h2o + nadp <==> akg + h + nadph + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_2746#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLUD1#ECNUMBERS:1.4.1.3# LOCUS:_2747#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLUD2# proteins: NAME:glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Glud1.1-m# NAME:glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Glud2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Jie FANG , Betty Y. L. HSU , Courtney M. MACMULLEN , Mortimer PONCZ , Thomas J. SMITH and Charles A. STANLEY#TITLE:Expression, purification and characterization of human glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) allosteric regulatory mutations #YEAR:2002# AUTHORS:Zaganas I, Spanaki C, Karpusas M, Plaitakis A.#TITLE:Substitution of Ser for Arg-443 in the regulatory domain of human housekeeping (GLUD1) glutamate dehydrogenase virtually abolishes basal activity and markedly alters the activation of the enzyme by ADP and L-leucine.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12324473# AUTHORS:Mavrothalassitis G, Tzimagiorgis G, Mitsialis A, Zannis V, Plaitakis A, Papamatheakis J, Moschonas N.#TITLE:Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding human liver glutamate dehydrogenase: evidence for a small gene family. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3368458# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2747.1) or (2746.1)

597916
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746463
type: SpeciesReference

564761
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

591856
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748285
type: SpeciesReference

542576
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744510
type: SpeciesReference

603630
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

749311
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Aspartate_C4H6NO4
type: Species

562295
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748567
type: SpeciesReference

524412
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745192
type: SpeciesReference

554860
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746983
type: SpeciesReference

752841
product: 587725
reactant: 587713
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2Oter Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: h2o[c] <==> h2o[r] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: H2O endoplasmic reticulum transport
type: Reaction

549823
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

627660
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

523059
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748741
type: SpeciesReference

756988
product: 686345
notes: Abbreviation: R_PIK5n Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [n] : atp + pail_hs --> adp + h + pail5p_hs Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF#TITLE:Nuclear lipid signalling#JOURNAL:Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12728269# GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: phosphatidylinositol 5-kinase, nuclear
reversible: false
product: 686357
product: 686332
reactant: 686320
reactant: 686308
fast: false
type: Reaction

600029
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748905
type: SpeciesReference

670279
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

629132
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745858
type: SpeciesReference

633750
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748987
type: SpeciesReference

750641
product: 535295
reactant: 535283
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTPLM3m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: [m] : Rtotal3coa <==> pmtcoa Confidence Level: 0 cytosolic conversion of pooled FA into palmitate (so subsequent transport into mit w/ FA oxidation can occur). Since Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16 ratio between Rgroupcoa and pmtcoa is 1:1 HR fatty acid metabolism - R groups = acyl groups, Rtotal, Rtotal2, Rtotal3 correspond to three possible acyl groups added to glycerol R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: R group to palmitate conversion
type: Reaction

756762
product: 680765
reactant: 680753
notes: Abbreviation: R_RAI1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : retinal <==> retinal-11-cis Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: retinal isomerase (11-cis)
type: Reaction

634474
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

586171
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747111
type: SpeciesReference

523782
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

655697
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747433
type: SpeciesReference

691868
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748355
type: SpeciesReference

745030
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Apocarboxlase (no lys residue)_XH
type: Species

531442
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744058
type: SpeciesReference

553873
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748539
type: SpeciesReference

603413
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745240
type: SpeciesReference

526675
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745362
type: SpeciesReference

641901
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746541
type: SpeciesReference

745246
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (E)-carveol_C10H16O
type: Species

544789
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

644977
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

753457
product: 602127
reactant: 602115
notes: Abbreviation: R_DM_oretn_LPAREN_n_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [n] : oretn --> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _4-oxo-retonoic acid demand
type: Reaction

750094
product: 522246
reactant: 522234
notes: Abbreviation: R_24_COMMA_25DHVITD2tm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: _2425dhvitd2[m] --> 2425dhvitd2[c] Confidence Level: 2 is found in blood --> subsequently has to be transported but how? based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.193 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 transport from mitochondria
type: Reaction

689759
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748019
type: SpeciesReference

553231
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

757367
product: 695439
product: 695427
reactant: 695415
reactant: 695403
notes: Abbreviation: R_TMNDNCCPT2 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [m] : coa + tmndnccrn --> crn + tmndnccoa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1376#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT2#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# proteins: NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, mitochondrial #ABBREVIATION:Cpt2.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (1376.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine transferase
type: Reaction

755011
product: 639746
type: Reaction
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_LINKDEG1ly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : (3) h2o + hs_deg25 --> (2) gal + glcur + xyl-D Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 639722
product: 639734
reactant: 639710
product: 639758
fast: false
name: degradation of proteoglycan linkage region, lysosomal

548181
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747479
type: SpeciesReference

650959
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746893
type: SpeciesReference

533299
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

595983
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743970
type: SpeciesReference

568356
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745268
type: SpeciesReference

745184
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Biotinyl-5'-AMP_C20H27N7O9PS
type: Species

581633
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746621
type: SpeciesReference

522538
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

616416
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746398
type: SpeciesReference

691543
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748815
type: SpeciesReference

559251
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

652792
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

756120
product: 665621
product: 665609
reactant: 665597
reactant: 665585
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOPAt4_LPAREN_2_RPAREN_r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: dopa[e] + (2) na1[e] <==> dopa[c] + (2) na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_6531#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A3# LOCUS:_6530#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW#TITLE:Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12719981# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6530.1) or (6531.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Dopamine reversible transport in via sodium symport (1:2)
type: Reaction

567500
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747491
type: SpeciesReference

559936
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747685
type: SpeciesReference

750643
product: 535331
product: 535319
reactant: 535307
notes: Abbreviation: R_FBA5 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.2.13 SUBSYSTEM: Galactose metabolism Equation: [c] : tag1p-D <==> dhap + glyald Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_229#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDOB#ECNUMBERS:4.1.2.13# proteins: NAME:aldolase B, fructose-bisphosphate (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Aldob.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bais R, James HM, Rofe AM, Conyers RA.#TITLE:The purification and properties of human liver ketohexokinase. A role for ketohexokinase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase in the metabolic production of oxalate from xylitol#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2996495# AUTHORS:Barngrover DA, Dills WL Jr.#TITLE:The involvement of liver fructokinase in the metabolism of D-xylulose and xylitol in isolated rat hepatocytes#JOURNAL:J Nutr#YEAR:1983#PUBMED:6298387# AUTHORS:James HM, Bais R, Edwards JB, Rofe AM, Conyers AJ.#TITLE:Models for the metabolic production of oxalate from xylitol in humans: a role for fructokinase and aldolase.#JOURNAL:Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6284103# GENE ASSOCIATION: (229.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Tagatose 1-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase
type: Reaction

634172
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746285
type: SpeciesReference

679931
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

544148
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745560
type: SpeciesReference

534933
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745204
type: SpeciesReference

756764
product: 680790
reactant: 680777
notes: Abbreviation: R_25HVITD3tin_DASH_m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: _25hvitd3[c] --> 25hvitd3[m] Confidence Level: 2 is found in blood --> subsequently has to be transported but how? based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.193 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _25-hydroxyvitamin D3 transport in mitochondria
type: Reaction

693305
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901
type: SpeciesReference

745032
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (+)-alpha-Pinene_C10H16
type: Species

647719
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747025
type: SpeciesReference

522101
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747697
type: SpeciesReference

673037
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743958
type: SpeciesReference

615957
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746373
type: SpeciesReference

745248
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-Carbamoyl-L-aspartate_C5H6N2O5
type: Species

599416
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747939
type: SpeciesReference

745034
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: (+)-alpha-Pinene_C10H16
type: Species

753455
reactant: 602067
name: L-sulfolactate dehydrogenase (NAD+), mitochondrial
fast: false
product: 602079
notes: Abbreviation: R_SLDxm Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 1.1.1.272 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: [m] : nad + sl-L <==> 3spyr + h + nadh Confidence Level: 2 AMF EC: 1.1.1.272 genes: LOCUS:_4191#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MDH2#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.37# proteins: NAME:malate dehydrogenase 2 (NAD), mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Mdh2.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Weinstein CL, Griffith OW.#TITLE:Cysteinesulfonate and beta-sulfopyruvate metabolism. Partitioning between decarboxylation, transamination, and reduction pathways.#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3346220# AUTHORS:Rein U, Gueta R, Denger K, Ruff J, Hollemeyer K, Cook AM.#TITLE:Dissimilation of cysteate via 3-sulfolactate sulfo-lyase and a sulfate exporter in Paracoccus pantotrophus NKNCYSA.#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15758220# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4191.1)
reactant: 602055
reversible: true
type: Reaction
product: 602091
product: 602103

680192
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744254
type: SpeciesReference

630461
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745120
type: SpeciesReference

750096
product: 522282
notes: Abbreviation: R_G14T20g Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.4.1.38 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksii_core4_pre6 + udpgal --> h + ksii_core4_pre7 + udp Confidence Level: 4 Keratan sulfate II biosynthesis NCD genes: LOCUS:_9334#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT5#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_2683#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.22# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.22,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.90# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1, Golgi apparatus (all except brain)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 5, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt5.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Mengle-Gaw L, McCoy-Haman MF, Tiemeier DC#TITLE:Genomic structure and expression of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1903938# AUTHORS:Masri KA, Appert HE, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Identification of the full-length coding sequence for human galactosyltransferase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminide: beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase)#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3144273# AUTHORS:Appert HE, Rutherford TJ, Tarr GE, Wiest JS, Thomford NR, McCorquodale DJ#TITLE:Isolation of a cDNA coding for human galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res…
product: 522295
reversible: false
reactant: 522270
reactant: 522258
fast: false
product: 522307
name: beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, Golgi
type: Reaction

662009
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486
type: SpeciesReference

551724
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

619156
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744344
type: SpeciesReference

623045
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745434
type: SpeciesReference

548035
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746735
type: SpeciesReference

534873
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

756122
name: ABO blood group (transferase A, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; transferase B, alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase)
product: 665657
notes: Abbreviation: R_ABO3g Synonyms: _11 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : fuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + udpgal --> galfuc12gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_28#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ABO# proteins: NAME:ABO blood group#ABBREVIATION:Abo.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lloyd KO.#TITLE:The chemistry and immunochemistry of blood group A, B, H, and Lewis antigens: past, present and future.#JOURNAL:Glycoconj J#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11421346# AUTHORS:Yamamoto F.-I., Hakomori S.-I.;#TITLE:Sugar-nucleotide donor specificity of histo-blood group A and B transferases is based on amino acid substitutions#JOURNAL:J. Biol. Chem#YEAR:1990#PUBMED:2121736# AUTHORS:Patenaude S.I., Seto N.O.L., Borisova S.N., Szpacenko A., Marcus S.L., Palcic M.M., Evans S.V.;#TITLE:The structural basis for specificity in human ABO(H) blood group biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Nat. Struct. Biol#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12198488# GENE ASSOCIATION: (28.1)
fast: false
reactant: 665645
product: 665681
reactant: 665633
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 665669

757365
product: 695367
product: 695379
name: heparan-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase, lysosomal
product: 695391
type: Reaction
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSAT1ly Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 2.3.1.78 SUBSYSTEM: Heparan sulfate degradation Equation: accoa[c] + hs_deg2[l] --> coa[c] + h[l] + hs_deg3[l] Confidence Level: 4 The proton is located in the lysosome since it comes from oxidation of the NH3+ group in glucosamine. This reaction assumes that the other proton liberated from glucosamine reduces coa in the cytosol. NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ausseil J, Loredo-Osti JC, Verner A, Darmond-Zwaig C, Maire I, Poorthuis B, van Diggelen OP, Hudson TJ, Fujiwara TM, Morgan K, Pshezhetsky AV#TITLE:Localisation of a gene for mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 8#JOURNAL:J Med Genet#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15591281# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reactant: 695355
reactant: 695343
reversible: false

755013
type: Reaction
reactant: 639782
product: 639794
notes: Abbreviation: R_NACHEXA20ly Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + ksii_core2_deg3 --> acgam + h + ksii_core2_deg5 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 Note that this reaction is specific to beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A and cannot be catalyzed by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B (or presumably beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S). This is also a lumped reaction, representing the cleavage of GalNAc4S or GalNAc6S and N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase or 6-sulfatase. NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Winchester BG#TITLE:Lysosomal metabolism of glycoconjugates#JOURNAL:Subcell Biochem#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8993162# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1)
product: 639806
reactant: 639770
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal
product: 639818
reversible: false
fast: false
product: 639830

685456
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

745186
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Butanoyl-CoA_C25H38N7O17P3S
type: Species

686128
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746411
type: SpeciesReference

660798
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

549134
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901
type: SpeciesReference

658722
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747063
type: SpeciesReference

670062
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748019
type: SpeciesReference

757363
product: 695331
product: 695319
reactant: 695307
reactant: 695295
notes: Abbreviation: R_DPPS Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Miscellaneous Equation: [c] : frdp + (7) ipdp --> decdp + (7) ppi Confidence Level: 2 by analogy to other dimethyl transferase rxns. See PMID: 10586494, human interemidate (from C15 ->C50) not explicitly determined yet, however it is known to occur since this pathway is essential in Q10 synthesis. For human metabolism: may be associated w/ GeneID: 23590 TPRT - recheck lit in future IT and NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: decaprenyl synthase
type: Reaction

692376
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746438
type: SpeciesReference

635302
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

752295
reactant: 574495
fast: false
reactant: 574519
product: 574555
product: 574543
reactant: 574507
type: Reaction
reversible: false
name: N-acetylputrescine: oxygen oxireductase (deaminating)
notes: Abbreviation: R_APRTO2 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.3.4 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [c] : aprut + h2o + o2 --> h2o2 + n4abutn + nh4 Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAOB#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.4# LOCUS:_4128#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAOA#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.4# proteins: NAME:monoamine oxidase A#ABBREVIATION:MaoA.1# NAME:monoamine oxidase B#ABBREVIATION:MaoB.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4128.1) or (4129.1)
product: 574531

586023
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744610
type: SpeciesReference

746402
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GDP_C10H12N5O11P2
type: Species

614652
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

528192
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

657514
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745806
type: SpeciesReference

534112
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 745404
type: SpeciesReference

532096
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

756766
product: 680814
reactant: 680802
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_prostgd2_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : prostgd2 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Prostaglandin D2 exchange
type: Reaction

670585
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744476
type: SpeciesReference

750645
name: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-glycolipid alpha-mannosyltransferase (uterus)
fast: false
product: 535379
reactant: 535355
reactant: 535343
reversible: false
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_DOLPMT4_Uer Synonyms: _2 EC Number: 2.4.1.130 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [r] : (0.1) dolmanp_U + (0.1) m7mpdol_U --> (0.1) dolp_U + h + (0.1) m8mpdol_U Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 535391
product: 535367

642033
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916
type: SpeciesReference

750098
product: 522356
product: 522343
reactant: 522331
reactant: 522319
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK1n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : atp + cmp <==> adp + cdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (CMP),nuclear
type: Reaction

750539
product: 532976
reactant: 532964
notes: Abbreviation: R_LYStip Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: lys-L[c] --> lys-L[x] Confidence Level: 2 MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Yung-Feng Chang#TITLE:Lysine metabolism in the human and the monkey: Demonstration of pipecolic acid formation in the brain and other organs#YEAR:1982#PUBMED:6811962# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-lysine transport, peroxisomal (irreversible)
type: Reaction

637678
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746697
type: SpeciesReference

753671
product: 607138
notes: Abbreviation: R_NKCC2t Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) cl[e] + na1[e] + nh4[e] <==> (2) cl[c] + na1[c] + nh4[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6558#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC12A2# LOCUS:_6557#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC12A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc12a1.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc12a2.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Simon DB, Karet FE, Hamdan JM, DiPietro A, Sanjad SA, Lifton RP#TITLE:Bartter's syndrome, hypokalaemic alkalosis with hypercalciuria, is caused by mutations in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2#JOURNAL:Nat Genet#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8640224# AUTHORS:Hebert SC, Mount DB, Gamba G#TITLE:Molecular physiology of cation-coupled Cl- cotransport: the SLC12 family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12739168# AUTHORS:Payne JA, Xu JC, Haas M, Lytle CY, Ward D, Forbush B 3rd#TITLE:Primary structure, functional expression, and chromosomal localization of the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-Cl cotransporter in human colon#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7629105# AUTHORS:Russell JM#TITLE:Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport#JOURNAL:Physiol Rev#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10617769# AUTHORS:Bergeron MJ, Gagnon E, Wallendorff B, Lapointe JY, Isenring P.#TITLE:Ammonium transport and pH regulation by K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporters#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Renal Physiol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12657561# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6557.1) or (6558.1)
product: 607150
name: Na+-K+-Cl- cotransport (NH4+)
reactant: 607114
reactant: 607102
type: Reaction
reversible: true
reactant: 607090
product: 607126
fast: false

746401
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GDP_C10H12N5O11P2
type: Species

745036
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _20alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone_C21H32O2
type: Species

600829
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822
type: SpeciesReference

591637
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746344
type: SpeciesReference

688156
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

745180
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Biocytin_C16H28N4O4S
type: Species

752293
product: 574483
reactant: 574471
notes: Abbreviation: R_XOLTRI25te Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: xoltri25[c] <==> xoltri25[e] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _25 trihydroxy cholesterol transport
type: Reaction

665296
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748437
type: SpeciesReference

756838
product: 682481
reactant: 682468
notes: Abbreviation: R_CDPDAGtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: cdpdag_hs[c] <==> cdpdag_hs[m] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism, presumed diffusion NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: intracellular transport
type: Reaction

624373
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

670473
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745704
type: SpeciesReference

586735
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745260
type: SpeciesReference

755015
product: 639890
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSD17B42x Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [x] : h + nadph + o2 + thcholoylcoa --> dhocholoylcoa + (2) h2o + nadp Confidence Level: 4 see Russell bile acid synthesis review paper in human recon citation db adamanski et al Steroids (1997) 62:159 notes cofactor NADP/NADPH use genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# proteins: NAME:hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4#ABBREVIATION:Hsd17b4.1-x# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Adamski J, Leenders F Carstensen JF, Kaumann M, Markus MM, Husen B, Tesdorpf JG, Seedor U, deLaunoit Y, Jakob F#TITLE:Steroids, fatty acyl-CoA, and sterols are substrates of 80-kDa multifunctional protein#JOURNAL:Steroids#YEAR:1997# AUTHORS:Marijanovic Z, Laubner D, Moller G, Gege C, Husenn B, Adamski J, Breitling R#TITLE:Closing the gap: Identification of human 3-ketosteroid reductase, the last unknown enzyme of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Molecular Endocrinology#YEAR:2005# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3295.1)
reactant: 639878
reversible: false
type: Reaction
fast: false
product: 639902
reactant: 639854
reactant: 639842
product: 639914
reactant: 639866
name: hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4

544365
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745348
type: SpeciesReference

581923
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744288
type: SpeciesReference

668265
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745848
type: SpeciesReference

757361
product: 695235
product: 695259
reactant: 695222
name: fatty-acyl-CoA synthase (n-C18:0CoA)
notes: Abbreviation: R_FAS180COA Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.86 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid elongation Equation: [c] : (3) h + malcoa + (2) nadph + pmtcoa --> co2 + coa + h2o + (2) nadp + stcoa Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2194#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FASN#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.85# proteins: NAME:fatty acid synthase#ABBREVIATION:Fasn.1# citations: AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Chakravarty B, Gu Z, Chirala SS, Wakil SJ, Quiocho FA.#TITLE:Human fatty acid synthase: structure and substrate selectivity of the thioesterase domain.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15507492# AUTHORS:Brink J, Ludtke SJ, Yang CY, Gu ZW, Wakil SJ, Chiu W.#TITLE:Quaternary structure of human fatty acid synthase by electron cryomicroscopy.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11756679# AUTHORS:Wakil SJ.#TITLE:Fatty acid synthase, a proficient multifunctional enzyme.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2669958# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2194.1)
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 695210
product: 695271
reactant: 695186
product: 695247
reactant: 695198
fast: false
product: 695283

555346
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

649947
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748423
type: SpeciesReference

660448
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

585096
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

746400
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: glycochenodeoxycholate_C26H43NO5
type: Species

645781
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

628432
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748107
type: SpeciesReference

686008
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

534679
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748357
type: SpeciesReference

567718
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748763
type: SpeciesReference

644275
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747865
type: SpeciesReference

547504
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744166
type: SpeciesReference

652033
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747679
type: SpeciesReference

750647
name: Ap4A hydrolase, asymmetrically
product: 535441
reactant: 535404
fast: false
product: 535453
type: Reaction
reactant: 535416
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_AP4AH1 Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 3.6.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : ap4a + h2o --> amp + atp + (2) h Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_318#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NUDT2#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.17# LOCUS:_318#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:NUDT2#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.17# LOCUS:_318#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:NUDT2#ECNUMBERS:3.6.1.17# proteins: NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 2 #ABBREVIATION:NudT2.1# NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 2#ABBREVIATION:NudT2.2# NAME:nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 2#ABBREVIATION:NudT2.3# citations: AUTHORS:McLennan AG, Flannery AV, Morten JE, Ridanpaa M.#TITLE:Chromosomal localization of the human diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (Ap4A hydrolase) gene (APAH1) to 9p13.#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9479504# AUTHORS:Hankin S, Matthew N, Thorne H, McLennan AG.#TITLE:Diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate hydrolase is present in human erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. #JOURNAL:Int J Biochem Cell Biol. #YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7767787# GENE ASSOCIATION: (318.1) or (318.3) or (318.2)
product: 535429

756530
reactant: 675259
reactant: 675272
name: aldo-keto reductase family 1, member D1 (delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5-beta-reductase)
notes: Abbreviation: R_AKR1D2 Synonyms: _4 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : h + nadph + xoldiolone --> nadp + xoldioloneh Confidence Level: 4 refs: uniprot, KEGG DW Russell bile acid synthesis review paper (see human recon journal citations) NJ genes: LOCUS:_6718#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AKR1D1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.6# proteins: NAME:aldo-keto reductase (delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5-beta-reductase)#ABBREVIATION:Akr1d1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6718.1)
fast: false
reactant: 675246
product: 675298
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 675285

667854
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745686
type: SpeciesReference

585783
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745634
type: SpeciesReference

756768
product: 680863
product: 680851
reactant: 680839
reactant: 680826
notes: Abbreviation: R_AHEXASE2ly Synonyms: _13 EC Number: 3.2.1.52 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Degradation Equation: [l] : (3) h2o + n2m2nmn --> (3) acgam + m2mn Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexB-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3074.1) or (3073.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

646336
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747239
type: SpeciesReference

753459
product: 602151
reactant: 602139
notes: Abbreviation: R_ORETNtn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: oretn[c] <==> oretn[n] Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _4-oxo-retinoic acid transport, Nuclear
type: Reaction

533183
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748083
type: SpeciesReference

540212
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

529215
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747809
type: SpeciesReference

529830
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822
type: SpeciesReference

682841
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

745038
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _20alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone_C21H32O2
type: Species

556421
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748195
type: SpeciesReference

690387
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

752291
product: 574459
product: 574447
reactant: 574434
reactant: 574422
notes: Abbreviation: R_MI134PP Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 3.1.3.57 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + mi134p --> mi34p + pi Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3628#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:INPP1#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.61# proteins: NAME:inositol polyphosphate-1-phosphatase#ABBREVIATION:Inpp1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Irvine RF, Moor RM, Pollock WK, Smith PM, Wreggett KA#TITLE:Inositol phosphates: proliferation, metabolism and function#JOURNAL:Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:2906139# AUTHORS:York JD, Veile RA, Donis-Keller H, Majerus PW#TITLE:Cloning, heterologous expression, and chromosomal localization of human inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8390685# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3628.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 1-phosphatase
type: Reaction

533773
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746100
type: SpeciesReference

745182
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Biotinyl-5'-AMP_C20H27N7O9PS
type: Species

755017
product: 639938
reactant: 639926
notes: Abbreviation: R_H2O2tn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: h2o2[c] <==> h2o2[n] Confidence Level: 2 it genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ohno Y, Gallin JI. #TITLE:Diffusion of extracellular hydrogen peroxide into intracellular compartments of human neutrophils. Studies utilizing the inactivation of myeloperoxidase by hydrogen peroxide and azide.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1985#PUBMED:2989289# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: hydrogen peroxide nuclear transport
type: Reaction

646616
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619
type: SpeciesReference

756532
product: 675337
reactant: 675324
reactant: 675311
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK12 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : dcmp + dctp <==> (2) dcdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (dCMP,dCTP)
type: Reaction

678988
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745836
type: SpeciesReference

546416
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

551616
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746999
type: SpeciesReference

757255
name: UDP-D-galactose:galactosylxylose galactosyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
product: 692725
reversible: false
type: Reaction
product: 692713
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALT2g Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 2.4.1.134 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : lxser + udpgal --> h + l2xser + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_126792#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GALT6# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 6, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3galt6.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Silbert JE, Sugumaran G#TITLE:Biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512856# AUTHORS:Bai X, Zhou D, Brown JR, Crawford BE, Hennet T, Esko JD#TITLE:Biosynthesis of the linkage region of glycosaminoglycans: cloning and activity of galactosyltransferase II, the sixth member of the beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase family (beta 3GalT6)#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11551958# GENE ASSOCIATION: (126792.1)
reactant: 692677
fast: false
reactant: 692689
product: 692701

696088
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

613060
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619
type: SpeciesReference

689964
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746433
type: SpeciesReference

605396
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746647
type: SpeciesReference

754069
product: 616922
reactant: 616909
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_eicostet_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : eicostet <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: eicosatetranoic acid exchange
type: Reaction

639950
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745510
type: SpeciesReference

597352
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

574434
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747565
type: SpeciesReference

753561
product: 604377
reactant: 604365
notes: Abbreviation: R_PPMI12346Ptn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: ppmi12346p[c] <==> ppmi12346p[n] Confidence Level: 1 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5-diphosphatidylinositol pentakisphosphate nuclear transport (diffusion)
type: Reaction

525934
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745300
type: SpeciesReference

752299
reactant: 574627
notes: Abbreviation: R_CHOLK Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.1.32 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + chol --> adp + cholp + h Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_1119#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.32# LOCUS:_1120#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CHKL#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.32,2.7.1.82# LOCUS:_1119#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CHK# LOCUS:_1120#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CHKL# proteins: NAME:choline kinase#ABBREVIATION:Chk.1# NAME:choline kinase#ABBREVIATION:Chk.2# NAME:choline/ethanolamine kinase#ABBREVIATION:Chkl.1# NAME:choline/ethanolamine kinase#ABBREVIATION:Chkl.2# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Activity and tissue distribution of splice variants of alpha6-fucosyltransferase in human embryogenesis.#TITLE:Martinez-Duncker I, Michalski JC, Bauvy C, Candelier JJ, Mennesson B, Codogno P, Oriol R, Mollicone R.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14514715# AUTHORS:Kent C#TITLE:Eukaryotic phospholipid biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:1995# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1120.2) or (1119.1) or (1120.1) or (1119.2)
product: 574651
fast: false
product: 574639
name: Choline kinase
type: Reaction
reactant: 574615
product: 574664
reversible: false

746559
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Oxidized glutathione_C20H30N6O12S2
type: Species

746406
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
type: Species

744916
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: _2-Oxoglutarate_C5H4O5
type: Species

639806
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

604279
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745498
type: SpeciesReference

750649
product: 535477
reactant: 535465
notes: Abbreviation: R_RAI3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : retn <==> 13-cis-retn Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: LOCUS:_2944#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GSTM1#ECNUMBERS:2.5.1.18# LOCUS:_2944#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GSTM1#ECNUMBERS:2.5.1.18# proteins: NAME:glutathione S-transferase M1#ABBREVIATION:Gstm1.1# NAME:glutathione S-transferase M2#ABBREVIATION:Gstm1.2# citations: AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# AUTHORS:Chen H, Juchau MR.#TITLE:Recombinant human glutathione S-transferases catalyse enzymic isomerization of 13-cis-retinoic acid to all-trans-retinoic acid in vitro.#JOURNAL:Biochem J. #YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9806904# AUTHORS:Gough WH, VanOoteghem S, Sint T, Kedishvili NY.#TITLE:cDNA cloning and characterization of a new human microsomal NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase that oxidizes all-trans-retinol and 3alpha-hydroxysteroids.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9677409# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2944.1) or (2944.2)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _13-cis-retinoic acid isomerase
type: Reaction

544474
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747467
type: SpeciesReference

750535
product: 532868
product: 532856
reactant: 532844
reactant: 532832
notes: Abbreviation: R_UGALNACtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: udpacgal[c] + ump[g] <==> udpacgal[g] + ump[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_7355#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC35A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 35 (UDP-galactose transporter), member A2#ABBREVIATION:Slc35a2.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Ishida N, Miura N, Yoshioka S, Kawakita M#TITLE:Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel isoform of the human UDP-galactose transporter, and of related complementary DNAs belonging to the nucleotide-sugar transporter gene family#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:9010752# AUTHORS:Miura N, Ishida N, Hoshino M, Yamauchi M, Hara T, Ayusawa D, Kawakita M#TITLE:Human UDP-galactose translocator: molecular cloning of a complementary DNA that complements the genetic defect of a mutant cell line deficient in UDP-galactose translocator#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8889805# AUTHORS:Yoshioka S, Sun-Wada GH, Ishida N, Kawakita M#TITLE:Expression of the human UDP-galactose transporter in the Golgi membranes of murine Had-1 cells that lack the endogenous transporter#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9399569# AUTHORS:Segawa H, Kawakita M, Ishida N#TITLE:Human and Drosophila UDP-galactose transporters transport UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine in addition to UDP-galactose#JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11784306# AUTHORS:Sun-Wada GH, Yoshioka S, Ishida N, Kawakita M#TITLE:Functional expression of the human UDP-galactose transporters in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9562625# GENE ASSOCIATION: (7355.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: UDP-GalNAc Golgi transport via CMP antiport
type: Reaction

519411
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748555
type: SpeciesReference

756834
product: 682407
reactant: 682395
notes: Abbreviation: R_MAN6PI Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.3.1.8 SUBSYSTEM: Fructose and Mannose Metabolism Equation: [c] : man6p <==> f6p Confidence Level: 2 genes: LOCUS:_4351#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MPI#ECNUMBERS:5.3.1.8# proteins: NAME:mannose phosphate isomerase #ABBREVIATION:Mpi.1# citations: AUTHORS:Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier D.R.#TITLE:Biochemistry, 3rd edition#YEAR:2005# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4351.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: mannose-6-phosphate isomerase
type: Reaction

543181
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744292
type: SpeciesReference

688265
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

755019
type: Reaction
reversible: false
name: UDPGal-chondroitin acetylgalactosaminyltransferase I, Golgi
product: 639998
reactant: 639950
reactant: 639962
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALNACT1g Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 2.4.1.174 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : cs,hs_linkage + udpacgal --> cs_pre + h + udp Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_55454#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNACT-2# LOCUS:_55790#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ChGn# proteins: NAME:chondroitin sulfate GalNAcT-2, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Galnact-2.1-g# NAME:chondroitin beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Chgn.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Silbert JE, Sugumaran G#TITLE:Biosynthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512856# AUTHORS:Sato T, Gotoh M, Kiyohara K, Akashima T, Iwasaki H, Kameyama A, Mochizuki H, Yada T, Inaba N, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Asada M, Watanabe H, Imamura T, Kimata K, Narimatsu H#TITLE:Differential roles of two N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, CSGalNAcT-1, and a novel enzyme, CSGalNAcT-2. Initiation and elongation in synthesis of chondroitin sulfate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12446672# AUTHORS:Uyama T, Kitagawa H, Tamura Ji J, Sugahara K#TITLE:Molecular cloning and expression of human chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase: the key enzyme for chain initiation and elongation of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate on the protein linkage region tetrasaccharide shared by heparin/heparan sulfate#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788602# AUTHORS:Gotoh M, Sato T, Akashima T, Iwasaki H, Kameyama A, Mochizuki H, Yada T, Inaba N, Zhang Y, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Nishihara S, Watanabe H, Kimata K, Narimatsu H#TITLE:Enzymatic synthesis of chondroitin with a novel chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that transfers N-acetylgalactosamine to glucuronic acid in initiation and elongation of chondroitin sulfate synthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12163485# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55790.1) or (55454.1)
product: 639974
product: 639986

614762
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748171
type: SpeciesReference

657622
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748749
type: SpeciesReference

534220
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746078
type: SpeciesReference

585675
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744960
type: SpeciesReference

747931
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H13O18P4FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

677891
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744808
type: SpeciesReference

746405
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: GDP_C10H12N5O11P2
type: Species

752989
reversible: false
reactant: 591130
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 591178
product: 591166
notes: Abbreviation: R_TMLYSOX Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 1.14.11.8 SUBSYSTEM: Lysine Metabolism Equation: [c] : akg + o2 + tmlys --> 3htmelys + co2 + succ Confidence Level: 4 MM genes: LOCUS:_55217#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:TMLHE# proteins: NAME:trimethyllysine hydroxylase#ABBREVIATION:Tmlhe.1# citations: AUTHORS:Vaz,F.M. , Ofman,R. , Westinga,K. , Back,J.W. , Wanders,R.J. #TITLE:Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Rat epsilon -N-Trimethyllysine Hydroxylase, the First Enzyme of Carnitine Biosynthesis.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11431483# AUTHORS:Hulse JD, Ellis SR, Henderson LM.#TITLE:Carnitine biosynthesis. beta-Hydroxylation of trimethyllysine by an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent mitochondrial dioxygenase. #YEAR:1978#PUBMED:627563# AUTHORS:Vaz FM, Wanders RJ.#TITLE:Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11802770# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55217.1)
reactant: 591142
name: trimethyllysine dioxygenase
product: 591190
reactant: 591154

649367
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

677746
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748341
type: SpeciesReference

531503
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

757253
product: 692665
product: 692653
reactant: 692641
reactant: 692629
notes: Abbreviation: R_SBPP1er Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [r] : h2o + sph1p --> pi + sphgn Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_81537#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SGPP1# proteins: NAME:sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 #ABBREVIATION:Sgpp1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Johnson KR, Johnson KY, Becker KP, Bielawski J, Mao C, Obeid LM.#TITLE:Role of human sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 in the regulation of intra- and extracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate levels and cell viability.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12815058# GENE ASSOCIATION: (81537.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: sphingoid base-phosphate phosphatase (sphinganine 1-phosphatase), endoplasmic reticulum
type: Reaction

745476
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: ceramide (homo sapiens)_C18H36NO2FULLRCO
type: Species

586627
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

632664
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748977
type: SpeciesReference

744918
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: _2-Oxoglutarate_C5H4O5
type: Species

649210
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748793
type: SpeciesReference

756534
product: 675361
reactant: 675349
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACNACNGALGBSIDEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: acnacngalgbside_hs[c] <==> acnacngalgbside_hs[e] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - intracellular transport occurs, most details are unknown - see for example Varki glycobiology text or numerous reviews (PMID: 8206147) - extracellular transport is also made available since metabolites can get to outer plasma membrane NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Sandhoff K, Klein A.#TITLE:Intracellular trafficking of glycosphingolipids: role of sphingolipid activator proteins in the topology of endocytosis and lysosomal digestion.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8206147# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acnacngalgbside_hs transport
type: Reaction

754067
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYOR_DASH_u10m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.10.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: Oxidative Phosphorylation Equation: (2) ficytC[m] + (2) h[m] + q10h2[m] --> (2) focytC[m] + (4) h[c] + q10[m] Confidence Level: 4 TV genes: LOCUS:_7381#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UQCRB# LOCUS:_7385#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UQCRC2#ECNUMBERS:1.10.2.2# LOCUS:_7384#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UQCRC1#ECNUMBERS:1.10.2.2# LOCUS:_4519#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTCYB# LOCUS:_7386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UQCRFS1# LOCUS:_10975#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UQCR#ECNUMBERS:1.10.2.2# LOCUS:_7388#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UQCRH#ECNUMBERS:1.10.2.2# LOCUS:_1537#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYC1# LOCUS:_27089#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:QP-C#ECNUMBERS:1.10.2.2# LOCUS:_29796#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSPC051# LOCUS:_29796#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:HSPC051#ECNUMBERS:1.10.2.2# proteins: NAME:low molecular mass ubiquinone-binding protein #ABBREVIATION:Qp-c.1-m# NAME:ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein#ABBREVIATION:Uqcrb.1-m# NAME:cytochrome b#ABBREVIATION:Cytb.1-m# NAME:ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein I#ABBREVIATION:Uqcrc1.1-m# NAME:ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein II #ABBREVIATION:Uqcrc2.1-m# NAME:ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1#ABBREVIATION:Uqcrfs1.1-m# NAME:ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase hinge protein#ABBREVIATION:Uqcrh.1-m# NAME:ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase (6.4kD) subunit #ABBREVIATION:Uqcr.1-m# NAME:cytochrome c-1#ABBREVIATION:Cyc1.1-m# NAME:ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex protein#ABBREVIATION:Hspc051.2-m# NAME:ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex protein#ABBREVIATION:Hspc051.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (7384.1) and (7388.1) and (4519.1) and (10975.1) and (29796.2) and (7385.1) and (1537.1) and (7386.1) and (27089.1) and (7381.1) or (7384.1) and (7388.1) and (29796.1) and (10975.1) and (4519.1) and (7385.1) and (7386.1) and (1537.1) and (27089.1) and (7381.1)
product: 616884
name: ubiquinol-6 cytochrome c reductase, Complex III
product: 616872
reversible: false
reactant: 616860
reactant: 616848
reactant: 616836
type: Reaction
product: 616896

552061
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

565510
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

560651
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429
type: SpeciesReference

654952
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744076
type: SpeciesReference

613398
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

560506
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748255
type: SpeciesReference

746404
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: GDP_C10H12N5O11P2
type: Species

746557
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GT3 (homo sapiens)_C63H104N4O36FULLRCO
type: Species

681562
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference

591529
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744916
type: SpeciesReference

752297
product: 574603
product: 574591
reactant: 574579
reactant: 574567
notes: Abbreviation: R_HISt4 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: his-L[e] + na1[e] --> his-L[c] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_11254#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC6A14# LOCUS:_54407#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC38A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 38, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc38a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14#ABBREVIATION:Slc6a14.1# citations: AUTHORS:Sugawara M, Nakanishi T, Fei YJ, Huang W, Ganapathy ME, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V#TITLE:Cloning of an amino acid transporter with functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern identical to that of system A#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10747860# AUTHORS:Hatanaka T, Huang W, Wang H, Sugawara M, Prasad PD, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V#TITLE:Primary structure, functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern of human ATA2, a subtype of amino acid transport system A#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10930503# GENE ASSOCIATION: (11254.1) or (54407.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-histidine transport in via sodium symport
type: Reaction

753349
product: 599440
reactant: 599428
notes: Abbreviation: R_25HVITD2tin Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _25hvitd2[e] --> 25hvitd2[c] Confidence Level: 2 is found in blood --> subsequently has to be transported but how? based on Vitamins, G.F.M. Ball,2004, Blackwell publishing, 1st ed (book) pg.193 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _25-hydroxyvitamin D2 transport in cytoplasm
type: Reaction

575532
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

691290
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747677
type: SpeciesReference

660557
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746464
type: SpeciesReference

637786
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748481
type: SpeciesReference

756836
product: 682456
product: 682444
reactant: 682431
reactant: 682419
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTD7l Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleic acid degradation Equation: [l] : amp + h2o --> adn + pi Confidence Level: 4 Wide specificity for 5'-nucleotides Also see EC 3.1.3.31 IT genes: LOCUS:_53#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACP2#ECNUMBERS:3.1.3.2# proteins: NAME:acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Acp2.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:R.L. Pisoni#TITLE:Lysosomal Nucleic Acid and Phosphate Metabolism and Related Metabolic Reactions, Chapter 9#YEAR:1996# GENE ASSOCIATION: (53.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5'-nucleotidase (AMP), lysosome
type: Reaction

550815
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748893
type: SpeciesReference

592124
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746627
type: SpeciesReference

750537
notes: Abbreviation: R_C4STMO2Pr Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: Cholesterol Metabolism Equation: [r] : 4mzym_int2 + nadp + o2 --> co2 + h + nadph + zym_int2 Confidence Level: 4 double check rxn specifics - see lit ref: Marijanovic, Molecular Endocrinology 2003 17:1715-1725 ER version NJ genes: LOCUS:_50814#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NSDHL# proteins: NAME:NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Nsdhl.1# citations: AUTHORS:Marijanovic Z, Laubner D, Moller G, Gege C, Husenn B, Adamski J, Breitling R#TITLE:Closing the gap: Identification of human 3-ketosteroid reductase, the last unknown enzyme of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Molecular Endocrinology#YEAR:2005# AUTHORS:Caldas H, Herman GE#TITLE:NSDHL, an eznyme invovled in cholesterol biosynthesis, traffics through the Golgi and accumulates on ER membranes on the surface of lipid droplets#JOURNAL:Human Molecular Genetics#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Konig A, Happle R, Bornholdt D, Engel H, Grzeschik KH#TITLE:Mutations in the NSDHL gene, encoding a 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, cause CHILD syndrome#JOURNAL:Am J Med Genet#YEAR:2000# GENE ASSOCIATION: (50814.1)
product: 532952
reversible: false
name: C-4 methyl sterol oxidase
fast: false
product: 532928
reactant: 532880
reactant: 532904
type: Reaction
reactant: 532892
product: 532940
product: 532916

667744
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

756610
product: 677290
reactant: 677254
reversible: false
product: 677302
fast: false
reactant: 677278
reactant: 677266
type: Reaction
name: B-alanine secretion via secretory vesicle (ATP driven)
product: 677326
product: 677314
notes: Abbreviation: R_BALAVECSEC Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (3) ala-B[c] + atp[c] + h2o[c] --> adp[c] + (3) ala-B[e] + h[c] + pi[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB This reaction represents the ATP driven secretion of glu from the cell. It leaves out the vesicle because a compartment is not available for that. ATP demand is not known for sure stoichiometrically, but 1:1 H coupling ratio is assumed, which could translate to 3 b-ala/ATP. genes: LOCUS:_140679#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC32A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc32a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Gasnier B#TITLE:The SLC32 transporter, a key protein for the synaptic release of inhibitory amino acids#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12750892# AUTHORS:Wagner CA, Finberg KE, Breton S, Marshansky V, Brown D, Geibel JP#TITLE:Renal vacuolar H+-ATPase#JOURNAL:Physiol Rev#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15383652# GENE ASSOCIATION: (140679.1)

644385
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

569595
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

614012
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746204
type: SpeciesReference

746403
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GDP_C10H12N5O11P2
type: Species

664490
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748901
type: SpeciesReference

690496
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748101
type: SpeciesReference

752987
product: 591118
reactant: 591106
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_glyc_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : glyc <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Glycerol exchange
type: Reaction

697103
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749023
type: SpeciesReference

749461
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: estrone glucuronide_C24H30O8
type: Species

574166
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745718
type: SpeciesReference

757251
product: 692617
product: 692605
reactant: 692593
reactant: 692581
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACODA Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.1.16 SUBSYSTEM: Urea cycle/amino group metabolism Equation: [c] : acorn + h2o --> ac + orn Confidence Level: 1 genes: LOCUS:_95#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ACY1#ECNUMBERS:3.5.1.14# proteins: NAME:aminoacylase 1#ABBREVIATION:Acy1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Jones WM, Scaloni A, Bossa F, Popowicz AM, Schneewind O, Manning JM#TITLE:Genetic relationship between acylpeptide hydrolase and acylase, two hydrolytic enzymes with similar binding but different catalytic specificities#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:2006156# GENE ASSOCIATION: (95.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: acetylornithine deacetylase
type: Reaction

612355
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746194
type: SpeciesReference

746629
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: H+_H
type: Species

745478
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Ceramide 1-phosphate_C18H35NO5PFULLRCO
type: Species

540321
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744768
type: SpeciesReference

600138
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744428
type: SpeciesReference

646544
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745656
type: SpeciesReference

666525
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746394
type: SpeciesReference

750090
product: 522161
product: 522149
reactant: 522137
reactant: 522125
notes: Abbreviation: R_Kt3g Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: h[g] + k[c] <==> h[c] + k[g] Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_23315#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC9A8# LOCUS:_84679#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC9A7# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), isoform 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc9a7.1-g# NAME:solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), isoform 8#ABBREVIATION:Slc9a8.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Numata M, Orlowski J#TITLE:Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel (Na+,K+)/H+ exchanger localized to the trans-Golgi network#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11279194# AUTHORS:Nakamura N, Tanaka S, Teko Y, Mitsui K, Kanazawa H.#TITLE:Four Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms are distributed to Golgi and post-Golgi compartments and are involved in organelle pH regulation.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15522866# GENE ASSOCIATION: (84679.1) or (23315.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: potassium transport via proton antiport
type: Reaction

755167
product: 643491
fast: false
name: retinol dehydrogenase (all-trans,NADPH)
product: 643515
notes: Abbreviation: R_RDH1a Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.105 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : nadp + retinol <==> h + nadph + retinal Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_145226#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH12# LOCUS:_157506#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH10# LOCUS:_50700#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH8# LOCUS:_57665#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH14# LOCUS:_112724#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH13# LOCUS:_51109#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDH11#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.-# LOCUS:_195814#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:RDHE2# proteins: NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 12 (all-trans and 9-cis) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh12.1# NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 14 (all-trans and 9-cis) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh14.1# NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 11 (all-trans and 9-cis) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh11.1# NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 13 (all-trans and 9-cis) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh13.1# NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 8 (all-trans) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh8.1# NAME:retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans) #ABBREVIATION:Rdh10.1# NAME:epidermal retinal dehydrogenase 2 #ABBREVIATION:Rdhe2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# AUTHORS:Haeseleer F, Jang GF, Imanishi Y, Driessen CA, Matsumura M, Nelson PS, Palczewski K.#TITLE:Dual-substrate specificity short chain retinol dehydrogenases from the vertebrate retina.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12226107# AUTHORS:Janecke AR, Thompson DA, Utermann G, Becker C, Hubner CA, Schmid E, McHenry CL, Nair AR, Ruschendorf F, Heckenlively J, Wissinger B, Nurnberg P, Gal #TITLE:Mutations in RDH12 encoding a photoreceptor cell retinol dehydrogenase cause childhood-onset severe retinal dystrophy. #JOURNAL:Nat Genet. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15258582# AUTHORS:Perrault I, Hanein S, Gerber S, Barbet F, Ducroq D, Dollfus H, Hamel C, Dufier JL, Munnich A, Kaplan J, Rozet JM. #TITLE:Retinal dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) mutations in leber congenita…
product: 643503
type: Reaction
reactant: 643466
reversible: true
reactant: 643479

650803
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

756536
product: 675409
product: 675397
reactant: 675385
reactant: 675373
notes: Abbreviation: R_SO4HCOtex Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (2) hco3[c] + so4[e] --> (2) hco3[e] + so4[c] Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_284129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A11# LOCUS:_10861#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A1# LOCUS:_1836#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A2# LOCUS:_115019#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A9# LOCUS:_10861#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A1# LOCUS:_115019#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A9# LOCUS:_10861#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A1# LOCUS:_1811#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A3# LOCUS:_115111#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A7# LOCUS:_115111#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A7# LOCUS:_116369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A8# LOCUS:_116369#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A8# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a1.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a1.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a1.3# NAME:solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a3.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a7.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a7.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 8#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a8.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 8#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a8.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 9#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a9.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 9#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a9.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 11#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a11.1# citations: AUTHORS:Mount DB, Romero MF#TITLE:The SLC26 gene family of multifunctional anion exchangers#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12759755# GENE ASSOCIATION: (115111.1) or (115019.2) or (1836.1) or (115111.2) or (116369.2) or (284129.1) or (10861.2) or (116369.1) or (10861.1) or (10861.3) or (115019.1) or (1811.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: sulfate transport via bicarbonate countertransport
type: Reaction

757259
product: 692809
reversible: false
reactant: 692785
notes: Abbreviation: R_INOSTO Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 1.13.99.1 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : inost + o2 --> glcur + h + h2o Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_55586#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDRL6# proteins: NAME:aldehyde reductase (aldose reductase) like 6#ABBREVIATION:Aldrl6.1# citations: AUTHORS:Arner RJ, Prabhu KS, Reddy CC.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of myo-inositol oxygenase from mouse, rat, and human kidney#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15504367# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55586.1)
type: Reaction
product: 692833
name: inositol oxygenase
product: 692821
reactant: 692797
fast: false

596272
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611
type: SpeciesReference

564989
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746058
type: SpeciesReference

753347
reactant: 599368
product: 599392
notes: Abbreviation: R_PI3P5K Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + pail3p_hs --> adp + h + pail35p_hs Confidence Level: 2 NCD FULLR corresponds to acyl/R groups in texts. NJ changed EC from 2.7.1.149 (pail5p) to 2.7.1.68 (pail4p) - NCD genes: LOCUS:_8394#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIP5K1A#ECNUMBERS:2.7.1.68# LOCUS:_23396#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIP5K1C# LOCUS:_8395#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PIP5K1B# proteins: NAME:phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, gamma #ABBREVIATION:Pip5k1c.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, beta#ABBREVIATION:Pip5k1b.1# NAME:phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha#ABBREVIATION:Pip5k1a.1# citations: AUTHORS:Tolias KF, Cantley LC#TITLE:Pathways for phosphoinositide synthesis#JOURNAL:Chem Phys Lipids#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10358929# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8394.1) or (23396.1) or (8395.1)
reactant: 599380
product: 599416
product: 599404
fast: false
name: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase
type: Reaction
reversible: false

553981
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746218
type: SpeciesReference

649836
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747623
type: SpeciesReference

745188
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Biotin_C10H15N2O3S
type: Species

746555
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GT3 (homo sapiens)_C63H104N4O36FULLRCO
type: Species

689229
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745268
type: SpeciesReference

526785
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745876
type: SpeciesReference

634582
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745808
type: SpeciesReference

676651
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746214
type: SpeciesReference

577249
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744646
type: SpeciesReference

522647
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746963
type: SpeciesReference

756830
product: 682359
reactant: 682347
notes: Abbreviation: R_DMHPTCRNte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: dmhptcrn[c] <==> dmhptcrn[e] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism for transport -see PMID 9299016, identifies 2,6-dimethylheptanoyl carnitine in the urine! NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Verhoeven NM, Wanders RJ, Poll-The BT, Saudubray JM, Jakobs C.#TITLE:The metabolism of phytanic acid and pristanic acid in man: a review.#JOURNAL:J Inherit Metab Dis#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9819701# AUTHORS:Libert R, Van Hoof F, Thillaye M, Vincent MF, Nassogne MC, Stroobant V, de Hoffmann E, Schanck A.#TITLE:Identification of new medium-chain acylcarnitines present in normal human urine#JOURNAL:Anal Biochem.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9299016# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _2,6 dimethylheptanoyl carnitine transport
type: Reaction

689868
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

552135
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744652
type: SpeciesReference

750531
product: 532772
reactant: 532760
notes: Abbreviation: R_PPPItn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: pppi[c] <==> pppi[n] Confidence Level: 2 it genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Inorganic triphosphate transport through nuclear pore
type: Reaction

590563
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

756010
product: 663271
reactant: 663259
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_ksii_core4_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : ksii_core4 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: keratan sulfate II (core 4-linked) exchange
type: Reaction

746409
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GDP-D-mannose_C16H23N5O16P2
type: Species

747935
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H14O15P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

690595
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746304
type: SpeciesReference

588923
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748569
type: SpeciesReference

598328
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745386
type: SpeciesReference

587847
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429
type: SpeciesReference

624529
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746725
type: SpeciesReference

554970
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747019
type: SpeciesReference

543942
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

522210
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746997
type: SpeciesReference

642070
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747467
type: SpeciesReference

579397
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748111
type: SpeciesReference

756760
product: 680741
reactant: 680729
notes: Abbreviation: R_7DHFtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: _7dhf[m] --> 7dhf[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism. IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _7-glutamyl-DHF transport,m mitochondrial
type: Reaction

681780
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746326
type: SpeciesReference

756538
reversible: false
fast: false
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_DEDOLP1_L Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : (0.1) dedoldp_L + h2o --> (0.1) dedolp_L + h + pi Confidence Level: 0 EC-3.6.1.- NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schenk B, Fernandez F, Waechter CJ.#TITLE:The ins(ide) and out(side) of dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis and recycling in the endoplasmic reticulum.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11425794# GENE ASSOCIATION:
name: dehydrodolichol diphosphate phosphatase (liver)
reactant: 675421
reactant: 675433
product: 675457
product: 675469
product: 675445

567657
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747805
type: SpeciesReference

568468
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748509
type: SpeciesReference

756012
reversible: false
reactant: 663283
product: 663319
notes: Abbreviation: R_CERK Synonyms: _4 EC Number: 2.7.1.138 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + crm_hs --> adp + crmp_hs + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_64781#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CERK# LOCUS:_64781#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CERK# proteins: NAME:ceramide kinase#ABBREVIATION:Cerk.1# NAME:ceramide kinase#ABBREVIATION:Cerk.2# citations: AUTHORS:Sugiura M, Kono K, Liu H, Shimizugawa T, Minekura H, Spiegel S, Kohama T. #TITLE:Ceramide kinase, a novel lipid kinase. Molecular cloning and functional characterization.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11956206# GENE ASSOCIATION: (64781.1) or (64781.2)
fast: false
reactant: 663295
name: Ceramide kinase
product: 663307
product: 663331
type: Reaction

755169
product: 643539
reactant: 643527
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_25hvitd3_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 25hvitd3 <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 exchange
type: Reaction

577020
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745108
type: SpeciesReference

757257
product: 692773
product: 692761
reactant: 692749
reactant: 692737
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt1m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: adp[m] + datp[c] --> adp[c] + datp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dATP transport via ADP antiport
type: Reaction

750092
reactant: 522173
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE18ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.14 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg27 <==> h + ksi_deg28 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2799#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.14# proteins: NAME:glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (Sanfilippo disease IIID), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Robertson DA, Freeman C, Nelson PV, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human glucosamine-6-sulfatase cDNA reveals homology with steroid sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3196333# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Clements PR, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689314# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Catalytic properties#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689315# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2799.1)
product: 522210
product: 522198
type: Reaction
product: 522222
reactant: 522185
fast: false
name: N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, lysosomal
reversible: true

659229
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747701
type: SpeciesReference

630351
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748911
type: SpeciesReference

619000
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746008
type: SpeciesReference

746408
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GDP-L-fucose_C16H23N5O15P2
type: Species

602489
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746427
type: SpeciesReference

595437
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

556941
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749475
type: SpeciesReference

544996
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748947
type: SpeciesReference

608495
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744808
type: SpeciesReference

691652
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746010
type: SpeciesReference

612207
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748409
type: SpeciesReference

746553
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GT2 (homo sapiens)_C71H117N5O41FULLRCO
type: Species

753345
product: 599356
reactant: 599344
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_nrpphrsf_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : nrpphrsf <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Sulfate derivative of norepinephrine exchange
type: Reaction

651674
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745128
type: SpeciesReference

746551
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: GT1c (homo sapiens)_C77H127N5O46FULLRCO
type: Species

628215
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745302
type: SpeciesReference

660641
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748099
type: SpeciesReference

756832
product: 682383
reactant: 682371
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYStec Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: cys-L[e] <==> cys-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_124935#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC43A2# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 43, member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc43a2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Bodoy S, Martin L, Zorzano A, Palacin M, Estevez R, Bertran J#TITLE:Identification of LAT4, a novel amino acid transporter with system L activity#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15659399# AUTHORS:Hediger MA, Romero MF, Peng JB, Rolfs A, Takanaga H, Bruford EA#TITLE:The ABCs of solute carriers: physiological, pathological and therapeutic implications of human membrane transport proteinsIntroduction#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14624363# GENE ASSOCIATION: (124935.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: L-cysteine transport via diffusion (extracellular to cytosol)
type: Reaction

665597
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

523890
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747469
type: SpeciesReference

629242
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748665
type: SpeciesReference

621556
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745510
type: SpeciesReference

590779
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

750533
product: 532820
product: 532808
reactant: 532796
reactant: 532784
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACACt2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: acac[c] + h[c] <==> acac[m] + h[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT, TDV changed name from "tm2" to "t2m" - NCD genes: LOCUS:_6566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc16a1.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Pande SV, Parvin R.#TITLE:Pyruvate and acetoacetate transport in mitochondria. A reappraisal.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1975#PUBMED:627555# AUTHORS:Halestrap AP.#TITLE:Pyruvate and ketone-body transport across the mitochondrial membrane. Exchange properties, pH-dependence and mechanism of the carrier.#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1978#PUBMED:28726# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6566.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Acetoacetate mitochondrial transport via H+ symport
type: Reaction

671794
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748529
type: SpeciesReference

591409
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

615800
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745322
type: SpeciesReference

682299
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747229
type: SpeciesReference

587994
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745590
type: SpeciesReference

746407
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GDP-L-fucose_C16H23N5O15P2
type: Species

623154
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747687
type: SpeciesReference

616308
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748601
type: SpeciesReference

747933
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H14O15P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

753669
reactant: 607028
reactant: 607053
notes: Abbreviation: R_34DHOXPEGOX Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : 34dhmald + h + nadh <==> 34dhoxpeg + nad Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_130#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH6#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_126#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH1C#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_125#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH1B#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_128#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH5#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_127#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH4#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_124#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH1A#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_131#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADH7#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# LOCUS:_137872#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ADHFE1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.1# proteins: NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase IV #ABBREVIATION:Adh4# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase V#ABBREVIATION:Adh5# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V)#ABBREVIATION:Adh6.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide#ABBREVIATION:Adh7.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing, 1 (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Adhfe1.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Adh1ab.1# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Adh1ac# NAME:alcohol dehydrogenase#ABBREVIATION:Adh1bc# citations: AUTHORS:Mardh G, Dingley AL, Auld DS, Vallee BL#TITLE:Human class II (pi) alcohol dehydrogenase has a redox-specific function in norepinephrine metabolism#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1986#PUBMED:3466164# GENE ASSOCIATION: (130.1) or (127.1) or (125.1 and 124.1) or (131.1) or (126.1 and 124.1) or (128.1) or (137872.1) or (125.1 and 126.1)
reversible: true
fast: false
reactant: 607041
name: _3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
product: 607065
product: 607077
type: Reaction

745684
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dADP_C10H12N5O9P2
type: Species

624227
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749315
type: SpeciesReference

590791
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745730
type: SpeciesReference

745994
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, human liver homolog_C1140H1868O90P10
type: Species

755699
product: 655769
reactant: 655757
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPC_HSt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: spc_hs[c] <==> spc_hs[e] Confidence Level: 2 known to get out of cell, mechanism/transporters not yet found, see for example PMID: 12069827 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Meyer zu Heringdorf D, Himmel HM, Jakobs KH.#TITLE:Sphingosylphosphorylcholine-biological functions and mechanisms of action.#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12069827# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sphingosylphosphorylcholine transport (diffusion)
type: Reaction

747949
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Homo sapiens)_C9H14O15P3FULLRCO2FULLR2CO2
type: Species

663935
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747731
type: SpeciesReference

603798
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747715
type: SpeciesReference

746633
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: H+_H
type: Species

625807
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744344
type: SpeciesReference

681333
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745474
type: SpeciesReference

691134
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

652888
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747971
type: SpeciesReference

754081
product: 617252
reactant: 617240
notes: Abbreviation: R_LNLCt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: lnlc[e] <==> lnlc[c] Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Schaffer JE.#TITLE:Fatty acid transport: the roads taken.#JOURNAL:Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11788354# AUTHORS:Pownall HJ, Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Energy translocation across cell membranes and membrane models.#JOURNAL:Acta Physiol Scand#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12864740# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Linoleic acid (n-C18:2) transport in via diffusion
type: Reaction

690266
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745456
type: SpeciesReference

557063
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

677193
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429
type: SpeciesReference

519975
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

749305
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Ascorbate_C6H8O6
type: Species

667538
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748199
type: SpeciesReference

595109
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

527063
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749007
type: SpeciesReference

746571
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: GTP_C10H12N5O14P3
type: Species

567868
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746344
type: SpeciesReference

598641
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748293
type: SpeciesReference

756606
product: 677169
product: 677157
reactant: 677144
reactant: 677132
notes: Abbreviation: R_MTHFC Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.4.9 SUBSYSTEM: Folate Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + methf <==> 10fthf + h Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_4522#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MTHFD1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.5,3.5.4.9,6.3.4.3# LOCUS:_80068#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FLJ13105# LOCUS:_285216#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LOC285216# proteins: NAME:methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase#ABBREVIATION:Mthfd1.1# NAME:hypothetical protein FLJ13105#ABBREVIATION:Flj13105.1# NAME:hypothetical protein LOC285216#ABBREVIATION:Loc285216.1# citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4522.1) or (285216.1) or (80068.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase
type: Reaction

692919
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749459
type: SpeciesReference

656578
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747287
type: SpeciesReference

591421
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744706
type: SpeciesReference

745880
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Dihydrolipoamide_C8H17NOS2
type: Species

745882
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Dihydrolipolprotein_H2S2X
type: Species

634028
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746621
type: SpeciesReference

636919
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747689
type: SpeciesReference

744910
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: _1-alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate_C3H4O6PFULLRC2H4
type: Species

746787
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 22_C37H56NO35S
type: Species

753555
fast: false
product: 604219
type: Reaction
reactant: 604183
reversible: false
name: NAD nucleosidase
notes: Abbreviation: R_NADN Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.2.2.5 SUBSYSTEM: NAD Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + nad --> adprib + h + ncam Confidence Level: 2 genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Boyer CS, Moore GA, Moldeus P.#TITLE:Submitochondrial localization of the NAD+ glycohydrolase. Implications for the role of pyridine nucleotide hydrolysis in mitochondrial calcium fluxes.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8382685# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 604207
product: 604231
reactant: 604195

539051
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749874
type: SpeciesReference

542697
stoichiometry: 6.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

660230
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748861
type: SpeciesReference

535222
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745558
type: SpeciesReference

617672
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746415
type: SpeciesReference

749457
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: estradiol glucuronide_C24H32O8
type: Species

592280
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748873
type: SpeciesReference

756328
name: fatty-acyl-ACP hydrolase
product: 670598
product: 670611
reactant: 670559
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_FA182ACPH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.2.14 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + ocdcyaACP <==> ACP + h + ocdcya Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_55301#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:THEDC1# proteins: NAME:s-acyl fatty acid synthase thioesterase#ABBREVIATION:Thedc1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chirala SS, Huang WY, Jayakumar A, Sakai K, Wakil SJ.#TITLE:Animal fatty acid synthase: functional mapping and cloning and expression of the domain I constituent activities.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9159116# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55301.1)
reactant: 670572
reversible: true
type: Reaction
product: 670585

681405
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745690
type: SpeciesReference

689639
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

756016
product: 663403
product: 663391
reactant: 663379
reactant: 663367
notes: Abbreviation: R_MM5bg Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 3.2.1.113 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : h2o + m5masnB1 --> m4masn + man Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4121#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A1# LOCUS:_10905#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1A2# LOCUS:_57134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1C1# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 1, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a1.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 2, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:Man1a2.1-g# NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1, Golgi apparatus (all tested except lung, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:Man1c1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel human Golgi alpha 1, 2-mannosidase (IC) involved in N-glycan biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10915796# AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Campbell Dyke N, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and tissue-specific expression of a novel human alpha1,2-mannosidase gene involved in N-glycan maturation.#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9592125# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4121.1) or (57134.1) or (10905.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

755165
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSD3B12r Synonyms: _7 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : dhea + nad --> andrstndn + h + nadh Confidence Level: 4 Microsomal rxn This is a conglomerated reaction - in actuality there is an intermediate: progen-5-ene-3,20,dione (C21H30O2) for pregnenolone 5-androstene-3,17-dione for dhea genes: LOCUS:_3284#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD3B2#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.145,,5.3.# proteins: NAME:hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 2#ABBREVIATION:Hsd3b2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Leenders F, Dolez V, Begue A, Moller G, Gloeckner JC, deLaunoit Y, Adamski J#TITLE:Structure of the gene for the human 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type IV#JOURNAL:Mammalian Genome#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Adamski J, Leenders F Carstensen JF, Kaumann M, Markus MM, Husen B, Tesdorpf JG, Seedor U, deLaunoit Y, Jakob F#TITLE:Steroids, fatty acyl-CoA, and sterols are substrates of 80-kDa multifunctional protein#JOURNAL:Steroids#YEAR:1997# AUTHORS:Payne AH, Hales DB#TITLE:Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones#JOURNAL:Endocrine Reviews#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3284.1)
product: 643454
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 643406
reversible: false
product: 643442
product: 643430
name: _3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-->4-isomerase type I
reactant: 643418

745682
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _5'-Deoxyadenosine_C10H13N5O3
type: Species

755163
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GNT310g Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Blood Group Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : acglcgalgluside_hs + udpgal --> gal14acglcgalgluside_hs + h + udp Confidence Level: 2 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Yokoyama-Kobayashi M, Yamaguchi T, Sekine S, Kato S.#TITLE:Selection of cDNAs encoding putative type II membrane proteins on the cell surface from a human full-length cDNA bank.#JOURNAL:Gene#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10072769# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10331.1)
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 643345
reactant: 643357
product: 643382
name: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus
product: 643370
reversible: false
product: 643394

564665
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746717
type: SpeciesReference

745992
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichol, human uterine homolog_C1025H1680O10
type: Species

755697
product: 655745
reactant: 655733
notes: Abbreviation: R_ESTRONEGLCtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: estroneglc[c] <==> estroneglc[r] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however glucuronidated metabolites need to get out of the cell NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: glucuronidated compound transport
type: Reaction

597145
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745098
type: SpeciesReference

749455
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: elaidic acid_C18H33O2
type: Species

655481
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

689000
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744296
type: SpeciesReference

549871
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745746
type: SpeciesReference

754083
name: pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (m)
type: Reaction
product: 617312
product: 617300
fast: false
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_P5CRxm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.5.1.2 SUBSYSTEM: Arginine and Proline Metabolism Equation: [m] : 1pyr5c + (2) h + nadh --> nad + pro-L Confidence Level: 2 PRO1x is irreversible in the other direction genes: LOCUS:_5831#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PYCR1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.2# LOCUS:_5831#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PYCR1#ECNUMBERS:1.5.1.2# proteins: NAME:pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1#ABBREVIATION:Pycr1.1-m# NAME:pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1#ABBREVIATION:Pycr1.2-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (5831.1) or (5831.2)
reactant: 617276
reactant: 617264
reactant: 617288

746635
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: H+_H
type: Species

608266
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

571044
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744296
type: SpeciesReference

614992
stoichiometry: 8.0
species: 748879
type: SpeciesReference

746573
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: GTP_C10H12N5O14P3
type: Species

749303
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Arginine_C6H15N4O2
type: Species

694426
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748625
type: SpeciesReference

751609
product: 558214
reactant: 558202
notes: Abbreviation: R_5MTHFt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: _5mthf[e] <==> 5mthf[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_2348#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FOLR1# LOCUS:_2351#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FOLR2L# LOCUS:_2352#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FOLR3# LOCUS:_2348#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:FOLR1# LOCUS:_2348#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:FOLR1# LOCUS:_2348#TRANSCRIPT:5#ABBREVIATION:FOLR1# LOCUS:_2348#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:FOLR1# LOCUS:_2348#TRANSCRIPT:6#ABBREVIATION:FOLR1# proteins: NAME:folate receptor 1 (adult) #ABBREVIATION:Folr1.1# NAME:folate receptor 1 (adult) #ABBREVIATION:Folr1.2# NAME:folate receptor 1 (adult) #ABBREVIATION:Folr1.3# NAME:folate receptor 1 (adult) #ABBREVIATION:Folr1.4# NAME:folate receptor 1 (adult) #ABBREVIATION:Folr1.5# NAME:folate receptor 1 (adult) #ABBREVIATION:Folr1.6# NAME:folate receptor 2 (fetal) like #ABBREVIATION:Folr2.1# NAME:folate receptor 3 (gamma) #ABBREVIATION:Folr3.1# citations: AUTHORS:Ball, G.F.M#TITLE:Vitamins: Their Role in the Human Body#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2352.1) or (2348.6) or (2348.4) or (2348.1) or (2348.3) or (2351.1) or (2348.2) or (2348.5)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5-Methyltetrahydrofolate transport via receptor binding and protolysis
type: Reaction

677338
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

675809
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745096
type: SpeciesReference

521301
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408
type: SpeciesReference

646105
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

600841
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

545419
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745686
type: SpeciesReference

756604
product: 677120
product: 677108
reactant: 677096
reactant: 677084
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYSGLTH Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.8.4.4 SUBSYSTEM: Cysteine Metabolism Equation: [c] : Lcystin + (2) gthrd <==> (2) cys-L + gthox Confidence Level: 4 reaction according to KEGG MM genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Stipanuk MH#TITLE:Sulfur amino acid metabolism: pathways for production and removal of homocysteine and cysteine#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15189131# AUTHORS:Oshima RG, Rhead WJ, Thoene JG, Schneider JA.#TITLE:Cystine metabolism in human fibroblasts. Comparison of normal, cystinotic, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synethetase-deficient cells.#YEAR:1976#PUBMED:932033# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Glutathione:cystine oxidoreductase
type: Reaction

544244
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744552
type: SpeciesReference

563955
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746295
type: SpeciesReference

662165
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745552
type: SpeciesReference

569168
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855
type: SpeciesReference

693884
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744650
type: SpeciesReference

753557
type: Reaction
reactant: 604255
reversible: true
fast: false
reactant: 604243
reactant: 604267
product: 604279
product: 604291
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSD11B1r Synonyms: _4 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [r] : cortsn + h + nadph <==> crtsl + nadp Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3290#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD11B1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.146# LOCUS:_3290#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:HSD11B1#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.146# proteins: NAME:hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1#ABBREVIATION:Hsd11b1.1# NAME:hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogeanse 1#ABBREVIATION:Hsd11b1.2# citations: AUTHORS:Yau JL, Seckl JR.#TITLE:_11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I in the brain; thickening the glucocorticoid soup.#JOURNAL:Mol Psychiatry#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11673786# AUTHORS:Albiston AL, Obeyesekere VR, Smith RE, Krozowski ZS.#TITLE:Cloning and tissue distribution of the human 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme.#JOURNAL:Mol Cell Endocrinol#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:7859916# AUTHORS:Tomlinson JW, Walker EA, Bujalska IJ, Draper N, Lavery GG, Cooper MS, Hewison M, Stewart PM.#TITLE:_11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response.#JOURNAL:Endocr Rev#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15466942# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3290.1) or (3290.2)
name: _11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1

591733
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746619
type: SpeciesReference

532192
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981
type: SpeciesReference

625915
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745092
type: SpeciesReference

635423
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

749301
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: arachidonic acid_C20H31O2
type: Species

522392
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744216
type: SpeciesReference

624855
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746603
type: SpeciesReference

753331
product: 599006
reactant: 598994
notes: Abbreviation: R_ATPtx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: atp[c] <==> atp[x] Confidence Level: 1 most likely NOT physiological - detailed information about the peroxisomal transporters has not yet been achieved - this transport is most likely dependent on a concomitant energy consuming reaction (human ABC peroxisomal transporters: PEX family - check in future for new research articles describing biochemistry and stoichiometry) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: ATP transporter, peroxisomal
type: Reaction

748211
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: L-Proline_C5H9NO2
type: Species

643587
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

746789
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 23_C31H49NO29S
type: Species

746575
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: GTP_C10H12N5O14P3
type: Species

603582
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746601
type: SpeciesReference

594478
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745860
type: SpeciesReference

688472
stoichiometry: 10.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

637063
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745468
type: SpeciesReference

686563
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

696149
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

660870
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746038
type: SpeciesReference

756014
product: 663355
reactant: 663343
notes: Abbreviation: R_10FTHF6GLUtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: _10fthf6glu[m] --> 10fthf6glu[c] Confidence Level: 2 mechanism is unknown IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _6-glutamyl-10FTHF transport, mitochondrial
type: Reaction

745680
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: Deoxyadenosine_C10H13N5O3
type: Species

658626
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749053
type: SpeciesReference

684917
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

756326
product: 670546
product: 670533
reactant: 670521
reactant: 670509
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt34m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dgdp[c] + dtdp[m] --> dgdp[m] + dtdp[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dGDP transport via dTDP antiport
type: Reaction

637690
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

754085
product: 617336
reactant: 617324
notes: Abbreviation: R_10FTHFtm Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: _10fthf[c] <==> 10fthf[m] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Suh JR, Herbig AK, Stover PJ. #TITLE:New perspectives on folate catabolism. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11375437# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _10-Formyltetrahydrofolate mitochondrial transport via diffusion
type: Reaction

673158
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749569
type: SpeciesReference

628648
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748047
type: SpeciesReference

607686
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

662021
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

749453
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: eicosatetranoic acid_C20H31O2
type: Species

689434
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747567
type: SpeciesReference

746637
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: H+_H
type: Species

745688
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: dADP_C10H12N5O9P2
type: Species

755161
product: 643333
reactant: 643321
notes: Abbreviation: R_PPItx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: ppi[c] <==> ppi[x] Confidence Level: 1 diffusion NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Diphosphate transporter, peroxisome
type: Reaction

745998
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, human uterine homolog_C1085H1780O90P10
type: Species

745474
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: ceramide (homo sapiens)_C18H36NO2FULLRCO
type: Species

676061
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747657
type: SpeciesReference

590032
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

672965
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746439
type: SpeciesReference

623383
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747669
type: SpeciesReference

746781
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 1_C79H115N5O99S11
type: Species

751607
product: 558190
product: 558178
reactant: 558166
reactant: 558154
notes: Abbreviation: R_DASCBH Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.1.17 SUBSYSTEM: Ascorbate and Aldarate Metabolism Equation: [c] : dhdascb + h2o --> 23doguln + h Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Banhegyi G, Braun L, Csala M, Puskas F, Mandl J#TITLE:Ascorbate metabolism and its regulation in animals#JOURNAL:Free Radic Biol Med#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9296457# AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: L-Dehydroascorbate lactonohydrolase
type: Reaction

600234
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

756602
product: 677072
product: 677060
reactant: 677048
reactant: 677036
notes: Abbreviation: R_RTOTAL3CRNCPT1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.3.1.21 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: [c] : Rtotal3coa + crn --> Rtotal3crn + coa Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1374#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1A#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.21# LOCUS:_126129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CPT1C# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# LOCUS:_1375#TRANSCRIPT:4#ABBREVIATION:CPT1B# proteins: NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1a.1# NAME:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.1# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.2# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1b.4# NAME:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(brain)#ABBREVIATION:Cpt1c.1# citations: AUTHORS:Finocchiaro G, Taroni F, Rocchi M, Martin AL, Colombo I, Tarelli GT, DiDonato S. #TITLE:cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and chromosomal localization of the gene for human carnitine palmitoyltransferase. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1988962# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1375.1) or (1375.4) or (1375.1) or (1374.1) or (126129.1) or (1375.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: carnitine fatty-acyl transferase
type: Reaction

749309
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: D-Aspartate_C4H6NO4
type: Species

753551
product: 604123
product: 604111
reactant: 604099
reactant: 604087
notes: Abbreviation: R_MOGAT Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Triacylglycerol Synthesis Equation: [c] : Rtotalcoa + mag_hs --> coa + dag_hs Confidence Level: 2 FULLR corresponds to acyl/R groups in texts. NJ genes: LOCUS:_80168#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MOGAT2# LOCUS:_116255#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MOGAT1# proteins: NAME:monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferse 1#ABBREVIATION:Mogat1.1# NAME:monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2#ABBREVIATION:Mogat2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Coleman RA, Lee DP#TITLE:Enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis and their regulation#JOURNAL:Prog in Lipid Research#YEAR:2004# GENE ASSOCIATION: (116255.1) or (80168.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: monoacylglycerol acyltransferase
type: Reaction

556711
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746467
type: SpeciesReference

625302
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746056
type: SpeciesReference

746783
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 20_C45H68N2O43S2
type: Species

603038
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745142
type: SpeciesReference

659373
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

744914
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _2-Oxoglutarate_C5H4O5
type: Species

624421
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

667418
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746070
type: SpeciesReference

745472
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743854
name: ceramide (homo sapiens)_C18H36NO2FULLRCO
type: Species

559839
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746405
type: SpeciesReference

646772
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746294
type: SpeciesReference

620940
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744898
type: SpeciesReference

754087
product: 617384
product: 617372
reactant: 617360
reactant: 617348
notes: Abbreviation: R_ORNt3m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: h[c] + orn[m] <==> h[m] + orn[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_83884#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A2# LOCUS:_10166#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A15# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; ornithine transporter) member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a2.1-m# NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; ornithine transporter) member 15#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a15.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Palmieri, F.#TITLE: The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications.#JOURNAL: Pflugers Archive#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14598172# GENE ASSOCIATION: (83884.1) or (10166.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: ornithine mitochondrial transport via proton antiport
type: Reaction

589309
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745522
type: SpeciesReference

751605
notes: Abbreviation: R_DALAOXx Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.3.3 SUBSYSTEM: D-alanine metabolism Equation: [x] : ala-D + h2o + o2 --> h2o2 + nh4 + pyr Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_1610#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:DAO#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.3# proteins: NAME:D-amino-acid oxidase#ABBREVIATION:Dao.1-x# citations: AUTHORS:Vanoni MA, Cosma A, Mazzeo D, Mattevi A, Todone F, Curti B#TITLE:Limited proteolysis and X-ray crystallography reveal the origin of substrate specificity and of the rate-limiting product release during oxidation of D-amino acids catalyzed by mammalian D-amino acid oxidase#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9153402# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1610.1)
name: D-Alanine Oxidase (x)
fast: false
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 558080
product: 558117
reactant: 558093
reactant: 558105
product: 558142
product: 558129

530811
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

749451
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: hydroxylated ebastine_C32H39NO3
type: Species

555903
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

526554
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

605902
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746337
type: SpeciesReference

745996
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose, human liver homolog_C1140H1868O90P10
type: Species

746639
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: hyaluronan degradation product 1_C22H33N2O16
type: Species

573341
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748019
type: SpeciesReference

656680
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

539499
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

596043
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

745686
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: dADP_C10H12N5O9P2
type: Species

666681
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745716
type: SpeciesReference

651815
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 744886
type: SpeciesReference

749307
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: L-Asparagine_C4H8N2O3
type: Species

552074
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

756600
product: 677024
reactant: 677012
notes: Abbreviation: R_FRDPtr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Peroxisomal Equation: frdp[x] <==> frdp[r] Confidence Level: 2 cholesterol precursor, transport by "diffusion" -> actually beleived to be flip-flop mechanism (PMID: 12840657). See also Krisans (PMID: 14713247, PMID: 12121718) for synthesis of cholesterol pathway (why FRDP needs to be transported between ER and peroxisome) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Kovacs WJ, Olivier LM, Krisans SK.#TITLE:Central role of peroxisomes in isoprenoid biosynthesis.#JOURNAL:Prog Lipid Res.#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12121718# AUTHORS:Kovacs WJ, Krisans S.#TITLE:Cholesterol biosynthesis and regulation: role of peroxisomes.#JOURNAL:Adv Exp Med Biol.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:14713247# AUTHORS:Hamilton JA.#TITLE:Fast flip-flop of cholesterol and fatty acids in membranes: implications for membrane transport proteins.#JOURNAL:Curr Opin Lipidol. #YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12840657# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: lipid, flip-flop intracellular transport
type: Reaction

543809
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746450
type: SpeciesReference

553219
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746430
type: SpeciesReference

634378
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748001
type: SpeciesReference

543737
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

528703
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 746435
type: SpeciesReference

642627
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746353
type: SpeciesReference

604401
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746408
type: SpeciesReference

753553
product: 604171
product: 604159
reactant: 604147
reactant: 604135
notes: Abbreviation: R_AHEXASEly Synonyms: _13 EC Number: 3.2.1.52 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Degradation Equation: [l] : (2) h2o + n2m2mn --> (2) acgam + m2mn Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3074#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXB#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# LOCUS:_3073#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HEXA#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.52# proteins: NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexA-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase B, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexB-l# NAME:beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase S, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:HexS-l# citations: AUTHORS:Maier T, Strater N, Schuette CG, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Saenger W.#TITLE:The X-ray crystal structure of human beta-hexosaminidase B provides new insights into Sandhoff disease#JOURNAL:J Mol Biol#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12706724# AUTHORS:Liu B, Ahmad W, Aronson NN Jr#TITLE:Structure of the human gene for lysosomal di-N-acetylchitobiase#JOURNAL:Glycobiology#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10336991# AUTHORS:Hepbildikler ST, Sandhoff R, Kolzer M, Proia RL, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Physiological substrates for human lysosomal beta -hexosaminidase S.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11707436# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3073.1) or (3074.1) or (3073.1 and 3074.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

746785
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: heparan sulfate, degradation product 21_C37H55NO38S2
type: Species

624758
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747717
type: SpeciesReference

680179
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747819
type: SpeciesReference

564545
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745658
type: SpeciesReference

744912
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _2-Oxoglutarate_C5H4O5
type: Species

676506
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

672819
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

657950
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746695
type: SpeciesReference

745470
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: ceramide (homo sapiens)_C18H36NO2FULLRCO
type: Species

756018
product: 663428
reactant: 663416
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_galgalgalthcrm_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : galgalgalthcrm_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Gal-Gal-Gal-Gal-Gal-Glc-Cer (homo sapiens) exchange
type: Reaction

659433
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745604
type: SpeciesReference

754089
product: 617432
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 617444
fast: false
reactant: 617420
product: 617456
name: glyoxylate oxidase
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLXO1 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate Metabolism Equation: [c] : glx + h2o + nad --> (2) h + nadh + oxa Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_3945#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHB#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_3948#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHC#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_3939#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHA#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_160287#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHAL6A# LOCUS:_92483#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHAL6B# LOCUS:_197257#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:LDHD# LOCUS:_3948#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:LDHC#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.27# LOCUS:_197257#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:LDHD# LOCUS:_55293#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UEV3# proteins: NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A (liver, sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:Ldha.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase B (heart, RBC)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhb.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase C (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhc.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase C (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhc.2# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B (testis)#ABBREVIATION:Ldhal6b.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A#ABBREVIATION:Ldhal6a.1# NAME:ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-like#ABBREVIATION:Uev3.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase D#ABBREVIATION:Ldhd.1# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase D#ABBREVIATION:Ldhd.2# NAME:lactate dehydrogenase (heart, RBC, brain, kidney, liver, sk muscle)#ABBREVIATION:LdhAB# citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# AUTHORS:Holmes RP, Assimos DG#TITLE:Glyoxylate synthesis, and its modulation and influence on oxalate synthesis#JOURNAL:J Urol#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9783918# AUTHORS:Holmes RP#TITLE:Pharmacological approaches in the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria#JOURNAL:J Nephrol#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9604807# AUTHORS:Pirulli D, Marangella M, Amoroso A#TITLE:Primary hyperoxaluria: genotype-phenotype correlation#JOURNAL:J Nephrol.#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12768081# AUTHORS:Poore RE, Hurst CH, Assimos DG, Holmes RP#TITLE:Pathways of hepa…
reactant: 617396
reactant: 617408

605236
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747131
type: SpeciesReference

607578
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

748217
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Prostaglandin D2_C20H31O5
type: Species

600343
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746441
type: SpeciesReference

747707
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - reduced_C21H26N7O17P3
type: Species

745190
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Biotin_C10H15N2O3S
type: Species

684809
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

655000
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748995
type: SpeciesReference

744300
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _4-Nitrophenyl sulfate_C6H4NO6S
type: Species

623275
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744742
type: SpeciesReference

681127
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747803
type: SpeciesReference

690000
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

673267
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 746451
type: SpeciesReference

563294
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745892
type: SpeciesReference

753661
notes: Abbreviation: R_BETALDHx Synonyms: _3 EC Number: 1.2.1.8 SUBSYSTEM: Glycine, Serine, and Threonine Metabolism Equation: [c] : betald + h2o + nad --> glyb + (2) h + nadh Confidence Level: 4 JLR genes: LOCUS:_223#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH9A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3,,1.2.1.19# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh9a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Chern MK, Pietruszko R.#TITLE:Human aldehyde dehydrogenase E3 isozyme is a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. #YEAR:1995#PUBMED:7646513# AUTHORS:Craig SA.#TITLE:Betaine in human nutrition.#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15321791# GENE ASSOCIATION: (223.1)
type: Reaction
product: 606871
reversible: false
fast: false
reactant: 606835
name: betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
reactant: 606823
product: 606859
reactant: 606811
product: 606847

751603
reversible: false
name: fatty acyl-CoA desaturase (n-C18:2CoA -> n-C18:3CoA)
reactant: 557996
notes: Abbreviation: R_DESAT18_10 Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.14.19.1 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty acid elongation Equation: [c] : h + lnlncacoa + nadh + o2 --> (2) h2o + nad + strdnccoa Confidence Level: 4 for homo sapiens, noted to actually be NADH-cyt b5, using NADH at present NJ genes: LOCUS:_9415#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:FADS2#ECNUMBERS:1.14.99.25# proteins: NAME:fatty acid desaturase 2#ABBREVIATION:Fads2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Horrobin DF#TITLE:Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:1990# AUTHORS:Leonard AE, Bobik EG, Dorado J, Kroeger PE, Chuang LT, Thurmond JM, Parker-Barnes JM, Das T, Huang YS, Mukerji P#TITLE:Cloning of a human cDNA encoding a novel enzyme involved in the elongation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:2000# AUTHORS:Cho HP, Nakamura MT, Clarke SD#TITLE:Cloning, expression, and nutritional regulation of the mammalian delta-6 desaturase#JOURNAL:The Journal of Biological Chemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Pereira SL, Leonard AE, Mukerji P#TITLE:Recent advances in the study of fatty acid desaturases from animals and lower eukaryotes#JOURNAL:Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9415.1)
reactant: 558008
product: 558044
fast: false
type: Reaction
reactant: 558032
reactant: 558020
product: 558056
product: 558068

556869
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743922
type: SpeciesReference

745262
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Calcitroic acid (D3)_C22H33O4
type: Species

534703
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745928
type: SpeciesReference

556929
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746239
type: SpeciesReference

657102
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

667902
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745704
type: SpeciesReference

756970
product: 685876
notes: Abbreviation: R_PTE3x Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [x] : h2o + pristcoa --> coa + h + prist Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10965#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ZAP128# proteins: NAME:peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase#ABBREVIATION:Zap128.1# citations: AUTHORS:Jones JM, Gould SJ.#TITLE:Identification of PTE2, a human peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10944470# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10965.1)
product: 685864
type: Reaction
reversible: false
fast: false
name: peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase
reactant: 685840
product: 685852
reactant: 685828

577141
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746004
type: SpeciesReference

652732
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745506
type: SpeciesReference

643141
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744016
type: SpeciesReference

639117
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747939
type: SpeciesReference

756320
product: 670388
reactant: 670376
notes: Abbreviation: R_SPHINGStr Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Endoplasmic Reticular Equation: sphings[c] <==> sphings[r] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism, however sphingosine manages to get in different compartments of cells. NOT presumed to be flip-flop. NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: sphingosine intracellular transport
type: Reaction

591045
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748333
type: SpeciesReference

667309
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746146
type: SpeciesReference

564220
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

597205
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746318
type: SpeciesReference

580536
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

538639
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746647
type: SpeciesReference

660000
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747169
type: SpeciesReference

752847
product: 587884
product: 587872
reactant: 587859
reactant: 587847
notes: Abbreviation: R_SERDGLNexR Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: gln-L[c] + ser-D[e] <==> gln-L[e] + ser-D[c] Confidence Level: 2 SAB many other exchanges possible genes: LOCUS:_6520#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC3A2# LOCUS:_56301#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A10# proteins: NAME: solute carrier family 3 (activators of dibasic and neutral amino acid transport), member 2, extracellular#ABBREVIATION:Slc3a2.1-e# NAME:solute carrier family 7, (neutral amino acid transporter, y+ system) member 10#ABBREVIATION:Slc7a10.1# citations: AUTHORS:Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770310# AUTHORS:Fukasawa Y, Segawa H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kim DK, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:Identification and characterization of a Na(+)-independent neutral amino acid transporter that associates with the 4F2 heavy chain and exhibits substrate selectivity for small neutral D- and L-amino acids#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10734121# AUTHORS:Nakauchi J, Matsuo H, Kim DK, Goto A, Chairoungdua A, Cha SH, Inatomi J, Shiokawa Y, Yamaguchi K, Saito I, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of a human brain Na(+)-independent transporter for small neutral amino acids that transports D-serine with high affinity#JOURNAL:Neurosci Lett#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10863037# GENE ASSOCIATION: (56301.1) and (6520.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: D-Serine/Glutamine reversible exchange
type: Reaction

753797
product: 610312
name: N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, lysosomal
reactant: 610288
product: 610324
reversible: true
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE19ly Synonyms: _5 EC Number: 3.1.6.14 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg30 <==> h + ksi_deg31 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2799#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.14# proteins: NAME:glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (Sanfilippo disease IIID), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Gns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Robertson DA, Freeman C, Nelson PV, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human glucosamine-6-sulfatase cDNA reveals homology with steroid sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3196333# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Clements PR, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689314# AUTHORS:Freeman C, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Catalytic properties#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1987#PUBMED:3689315# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2799.1)
product: 610336
type: Reaction
fast: false
reactant: 610300

540938
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746630
type: SpeciesReference

587143
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746815
type: SpeciesReference

617564
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746427
type: SpeciesReference

748219
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Prostaglandin D2_C20H31O5
type: Species

747709
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - reduced_C21H26N7O17P3
type: Species

687662
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747981
type: SpeciesReference

553001
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746631
type: SpeciesReference

621768
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747721
type: SpeciesReference

643033
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747033
type: SpeciesReference

756128
product: 665837
reactant: 665825
notes: Abbreviation: R_TETTET6CRNt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Carnitine shuttle Equation: tettet6crn[c] --> tettet6crn[m] Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_788#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A20# proteins: NAME:Solute carrier family 25, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, member 20, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Slc25a20.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (788.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: transport into the mitochondria (carnitine)
type: Reaction

598340
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species: 746390
type: SpeciesReference

681888
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fast: false
name: L-threonine/L-asparagine Na-dependent exchange (Asn-L in)
reversible: false
product: 606931
reactant: 606883
reactant: 606907
reactant: 606895
product: 606943
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASNTHRNaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: asn-L[e] + na1[e] + thr-L[c] --> asn-L[c] + na1[c] + thr-L[e] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6510.1)
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species: 746625
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species: 749697
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674305
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species: 744042
type: SpeciesReference

751601
product: 557971
fast: false
name: NMN synthetase
notes: Abbreviation: R_NMNS Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.2.12 SUBSYSTEM: NAD Metabolism Equation: [c] : h + ncam + prpp --> nmn + ppi Confidence Level: 4 genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION:
reversible: false
product: 557983
reactant: 557946
reactant: 557934
type: Reaction
reactant: 557959

526445
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species: 744648
type: SpeciesReference

752849
product: 587908
reactant: 587896
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_aqcobal_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : aqcobal <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Aquacob(III)alamin exchange
type: Reaction

682925
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747497
type: SpeciesReference

619867
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species: 744638
type: SpeciesReference

745260
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name: Carbamoyl phosphate_CH2NO5P
type: Species

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species: 746649
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species: 744876
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species: 746403
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756758
product: 680717
product: 680705
reactant: 680693
reactant: 680681
notes: Abbreviation: R_GALASE8ly Synonyms: _12 EC Number: 3.2.1.23 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg20 --> gal + ksi_deg21 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, …
fast: false
reversible: false
name: beta-galactosidase, lysosomal
type: Reaction

528876
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species: 746401
type: SpeciesReference

745888
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boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: dIDP_C10H11N4O10P2
type: Species

529504
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species: 747163
type: SpeciesReference

651923
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species: 744220
type: SpeciesReference

753799
product: 610409
reversible: true
reactant: 610360
name: Asparagine transport (Na, H coupled)
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_ASNtN1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: asn-L[e] + h[c] + (2) na1[e] <==> asn-L[c] + h[e] + (2) na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB based om PMID 10823827 genes: LOCUS:_92745#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC38A5# LOCUS:_10991#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC38A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 38, member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc38a3.1# NAME:solute carrier family 38, member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc38a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Fei YJ, Sugawara M, Nakanishi T, Huang W, Wang H, Prasad PD, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V#TITLE:Primary structure, genomic organization, and functional and electrogenic characteristics of human system N 1, a Na+- and H+-coupled glutamine transporter#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10823827# AUTHORS:Mackenzie B, Erickson JD#TITLE:Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid (System N/A) transporters of the SLC38 gene family#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12845534# GENE ASSOCIATION: (92745.1) or (10991.1)
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type: Reaction
reactant: 610372
reactant: 610348
product: 610397

612696
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species: 747693
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594321
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species: 748617
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species: 745684
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species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

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stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744034
type: SpeciesReference

756126
reactant: 665789
notes: Abbreviation: R_CSND Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.5.4.1 SUBSYSTEM: Pyrimidine Catabolism Equation: [c] : csn + h + h2o --> nh4 + ura Confidence Level: 2 JLR genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 665813
product: 665801
reactant: 665777
type: Reaction
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Cytosine deaminase
reactant: 665765

678844
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

591312
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744518
type: SpeciesReference

757369
product: 695487
product: 695475
reactant: 695463
reactant: 695451
notes: Abbreviation: R_B3GNT36g Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : acgal + gbside_hs --> acgbgbside_hs + h2o Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_10331#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B3GNT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# proteins: NAME:UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:B3gnt3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Zhou D, Dinter A, Gutierrez Gallego R, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF, Berger EG, Hennet T. #TITLE:A beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase with poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity is structurally related to beta-1,3-galactosyltransferases. #JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION: (10331.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

521412
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744398
type: SpeciesReference

519866
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

748213
constant: false
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has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: L-Proline_C5H9NO2
type: Species

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680027
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556651
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species: 746607
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745268
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initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: CDP_C9H12N3O11P2
type: Species

586183
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species: 748855
type: SpeciesReference

557172
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species: 745486
type: SpeciesReference

690157
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745744
type: SpeciesReference

753665
product: 606992
product: 606979
reactant: 606967
reactant: 606955
notes: Abbreviation: R_BUTt2m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: but[c] + h[c] <==> but[m] + h[m] Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6566#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC16A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1 #ABBREVIATION:Slc16a1.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (6566.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Butyrate mitochondrial transport via proton symport, reversible
type: Reaction

561037
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

668036
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746419
type: SpeciesReference

537685
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745980
type: SpeciesReference

755695
product: 655721
product: 655709
reactant: 655697
reactant: 655685
notes: Abbreviation: R_MM7Ag Synonyms: _8 EC Number: 3.2.1.113 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [g] : h2o + m7masnA --> m6masnA + man Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_57134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAN1C1# proteins: NAME:mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1, Golgi apparatus (all tested except lung, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:Man1c1.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Tremblay LO, Herscovics A.#TITLE:Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel human Golgi alpha 1, 2-mannosidase (IC) involved in N-glycan biosynthesis#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10915796# GENE ASSOCIATION: (57134.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, Golgi apparatus
type: Reaction

744304
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: D-4'-Phosphopantothenate_C9H15NO8P
type: Species

556506
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

696701
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744822
type: SpeciesReference

756324
product: 670497
product: 670485
reactant: 670473
reactant: 670461
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK8 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : cmp + datp <==> cdp + dadp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (CMP,dATP)
type: Reaction

671434
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745686
type: SpeciesReference

606607
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

745990
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Dolichol, human uterine homolog_C1025H1680O10
type: Species

694534
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747685
type: SpeciesReference

667648
stoichiometry: 4.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

756974
product: 685960
reactant: 685948
notes: Abbreviation: R_GSNtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: gsn[l] <==> gsn[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_55315#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a3.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Pisoni RL, Thoene JG.#TITLE:Detection and characterization of a nucleoside transport system in human fibroblast lysosomes.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2925670# AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Yao SY, Hyde RJ, Ng AM, Foppolo S, Barnes K, Ritzel MW, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:Functional characterization of novel human and mouse equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT3 and mENT3) located in intracellular membranes.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15701636# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55315.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: guanosine facilated transport from lysosome
type: Reaction

535331
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746455
type: SpeciesReference

603642
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747341
type: SpeciesReference

564773
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746262
type: SpeciesReference

679919
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747037
type: SpeciesReference

746630
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: H+_H
type: Species

542588
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

753793
name: alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II
fast: false
product: 610228
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLCNACT3g Synonyms: _3 SUBSYSTEM: Chondroitin / heparan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : hs_pre4 + uacgam --> h + hs_pre5 + udp Confidence Level: 4 EC 2.4.1.224 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2131#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXT1# LOCUS:_2132#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_2137#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXTL3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-# LOCUS:_2134#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:EXTL1# LOCUS:_2132#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:EXT2# proteins: NAME:exotoses (multiple), Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Ext12.1-g# NAME:exotoses (multiple), Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Ext12.2-g# NAME:exostoses (multiple)-like 1, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Extl1.1-g# NAME:exostoses (multiple)-like 3, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Extl3.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Saito T, Seki N, Yamauchi M, Tsuji S, Hayashi A, Kozuma S, Hori T#TITLE:Structure, chromosomal location, and expression profile of EXTR1 and EXTR2, new members of the multiple exostoses gene family#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9473480# AUTHORS:Sugahara K, Kitagawa H#TITLE:Heparin and heparan sulfate biosynthesis#JOURNAL:IUBMB Life#YEAR:2002#PUBMED:12512855# AUTHORS:Kim BT, Kitagawa H, Tamura J, Saito T, Kusche-Gullberg M, Lindahl U, Sugahara K#TITLE:Human tumor suppressor EXT gene family members EXTL1 and EXTL3 encode alpha 1,4- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases that likely are involved in heparan sulfate/ heparin biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11390981# AUTHORS:Van Hul W, Wuyts W, Hendrickx J, Speleman F, Wauters J, De Boulle K, Van Roy N, Bossuyt P, Willems PJ#TITLE:Identification of a third EXT-like gene (EXTL3) belonging to the EXT gene family#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9479495# AUTHORS:McCormick C, Duncan G, Goutsos KT, Tufaro F#TITLE:The putative tumor suppressors EXT1 and EXT2 form a stable complex that accumulates in the Golgi apparatus and catalyzes the synthesis of heparan sulfate#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10639137# AUTHORS:Kob…
reactant: 610180
reversible: false
product: 610216
type: Reaction
product: 610204
reactant: 610192

591844
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748091
type: SpeciesReference

597904
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746621
type: SpeciesReference

752843
fast: false
reversible: true
reactant: 587749
notes: Abbreviation: R_LALDD Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.79 SUBSYSTEM: Pyruvate Metabolism Equation: [c] : lald-D + nadp <==> h + mthgxl + nadph Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_9380#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GRHPR#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.79# proteins: NAME:glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase#ABBREVIATION:Grhpr.1# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (9380.1)
product: 587761
product: 587773
type: Reaction
reactant: 587737
name: D-lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
product: 587786

575677
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746036
type: SpeciesReference

555552
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745056
type: SpeciesReference

753559
name: aldo-keto reductase family 1, member D1 (delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5-beta-reductase)
type: Reaction
product: 604353
product: 604341
reactant: 604317
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_AKR1D Synonyms: _4 SUBSYSTEM: Bile Acid Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : h + nadph + xol7aone --> nadp + xol7ah Confidence Level: 4 refs: uniprot, KEGG DW Russell bile acid synthesis review paper (see human recon journal citations) NJ genes: LOCUS:_6718#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:AKR1D1#ECNUMBERS:1.3.99.6# proteins: NAME:aldo-keto reductase (delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5-beta-reductase)#ABBREVIATION:Akr1d1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Russell DW#TITLE:The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis#JOURNAL:Annu Rev Biochem#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6718.1)
reversible: false
reactant: 604329
reactant: 604304

745886
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (S)-Dihydroorotate_C5H5N2O4
type: Species

756608
product: 677218
reactant: 677181
reactant: 677206
type: Reaction
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_ALAGLNNaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: ala-L[e] + gln-L[c] + na1[e] --> ala-L[c] + gln-L[e] + na1[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6510.1)
product: 677230
product: 677242
name: L-alanine/L-glutamine Na-dependent exchange (Ala-L in)
reactant: 677193
reversible: false

756124
reversible: false
reactant: 665693
fast: false
product: 665741
product: 665729
reactant: 665705
name: monoamine oxidase (L-Normetanephrine)
type: Reaction
reactant: 665717
product: 665753
notes: Abbreviation: R_MAOLNOR Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.4.3.4 SUBSYSTEM: Tyrosine metabolism Equation: [c] : h2o + normete-L + o2 --> 3m4hpga + h2o2 + nh4 Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_4129#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAOB#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.4# LOCUS:_4128#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:MAOA#ECNUMBERS:1.4.3.4# proteins: NAME:monoamine oxidase A#ABBREVIATION:MaoA.1# NAME:monoamine oxidase B#ABBREVIATION:MaoB.1# citations: AUTHORS:Smith DJ, Salmi M, Bono P, Hellman J, Leu T, Jalkanen S.#TITLE:Cloning of vascular adhesion protein 1 reveals a novel multifunctional adhesion molecule#JOURNAL: J Exp Med#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9653080# AUTHORS:Lyles GA#TITLE:Mammalian plasma and tissue-bound semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases: biochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects#JOURNAL:Int J Biochem Cell Biol#YEAR:1996#PUBMED:8920635# AUTHORS:Buffoni F, Ignesti G#TITLE:Biochemical aspects and functional role of the copper-containing amine oxidases#JOURNAL:Inflammopharmacology#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:15035803# AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (4128.1) or (4129.1)

560941
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species: 747977
type: SpeciesReference

678276
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species: 748017
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647080
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species: 744914
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571153
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species: 746531
type: SpeciesReference

748215
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: (13E)-11alpha-Hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate_C20H31O5
type: Species

640455
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

561605
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747467
type: SpeciesReference

614883
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

564003
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746016
type: SpeciesReference

655373
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746607
type: SpeciesReference

579906
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746086
type: SpeciesReference

746631
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: H+_H
type: Species

586303
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747681
type: SpeciesReference

753441
product: 601801
reactant: 601789
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_sucr_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : sucr <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Sucrose exchange
type: Reaction

745266
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Calcitroic acid (D3)_C22H33O4
type: Species

576501
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

635531
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745292
type: SpeciesReference

549980
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745378
type: SpeciesReference

618072
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747275
type: SpeciesReference

609780
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746338
type: SpeciesReference

755693
product: 655673
product: 655661
reactant: 655649
reactant: 655637
notes: Abbreviation: R_SOAT12r Synonyms: _9 SUBSYSTEM: Cholesterol Metabolism Equation: [r] : R2coa_hs + chsterol --> coa + xolest_hs Confidence Level: 4 SOAT11 and SOAT12 are templates, customized rxns can be formed particular ester moieties. NJ genes: LOCUS:_6646#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SOAT1#ECNUMBERS:2.3.1.26# proteins: NAME:sterol O-acetyltransferase (acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase) 1#ABBREVIATION:Soat1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Guo ZY, Chang CC, Lu X, Chen J, Li BL, Chang TY.#TITLE:The disulfide linkage and the free sulfhydryl accessibility of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 as studied by using mPEG5000-maleimide.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15850387# AUTHORS:Chang CC, Huh HY, Cadigan KM, Chang TY.#TITLE:Molecular cloning and functional expression of human acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase cDNA in mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8407899# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6646.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: sterol O-acyltransferase (acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase) 1
type: Reaction

744302
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-4'-Phosphopantothenate_C9H15NO8P
type: Species

753667
product: 607016
reactant: 607004
notes: Abbreviation: R_NH4tn Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Nuclear Equation: nh4[c] <==> nh4[n] Confidence Level: 1 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: ammonia nuclear transport
type: Reaction

595559
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747351
type: SpeciesReference

677446
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747909
type: SpeciesReference

756322
name: beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, Golgi
reversible: false
reactant: 670400
type: Reaction
product: 670425
product: 670437
notes: Abbreviation: R_G14T17g Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 2.4.1.38 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate biosynthesis Equation: [g] : ksi_pre35 + udpgal --> h + ksi_pre36 + udp Confidence Level: 4 Keratan sulfate I biosynthesis NCD genes: LOCUS:_9334#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT5#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_2683#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.22# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.22,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8703#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT3#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.-,2.4.1.90,2.4.1.38# LOCUS:_8704#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:B4GALT2#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.90# proteins: NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1, Golgi apparatus (all except brain)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt1.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt3.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 5, Golgi apparatus (ubiquitous)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt5.1-g# NAME:UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 2, Golgi apparatus (heart, muscle, pancreas)#ABBREVIATION:B4galt2.2-g# citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Mengle-Gaw L, McCoy-Haman MF, Tiemeier DC#TITLE:Genomic structure and expression of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1903938# AUTHORS:Masri KA, Appert HE, Fukuda MN#TITLE:Identification of the full-length coding sequence for human galactosyltransferase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminide: beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase)#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3144273# AUTHORS:Appert HE, Rutherford TJ, Tarr GE, Wiest JS, Thomford NR, McCorquodale DJ#TITLE:Isolation of a cDNA coding for human galactosyltransferase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:…
reactant: 670413
fast: false
product: 670449

569010
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746006
type: SpeciesReference

664357
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747745
type: SpeciesReference

755691
product: 655625
reversible: false
product: 655601
name: malic enzyme (NAD), mitochondrial
reactant: 655589
notes: Abbreviation: R_ME1m Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.1.1.38 SUBSYSTEM: Pyruvate Metabolism Equation: [m] : mal-L + nad --> co2 + nadh + pyr Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4200#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ME2#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.40# proteins: NAME:malic enzyme 2, NAD(+)-dependent, mitochondrial#ABBREVIATION:Me2.1-m# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (4200.1)
reactant: 655577
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 655613

756972
product: 685936
product: 685924
reactant: 685900
type: Reaction
product: 685912
reversible: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_5ADTSTSTERONESULT Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.8.2.2 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [c] : 5adtststerone + paps --> 5adtststerones + h + pap Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6822#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SULT2A1#ECNUMBERS:2.8.2.2# proteins: NAME:sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone#ABBREVIATION:Sult2a1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Otterness DM, Wieben ED, Wood TC, Watson WG, Madden BJ, McCormick DJ, Weinshilboum RM.#TITLE:Human liver dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase: molecular cloning and expression of cDNA.#JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1588921# AUTHORS:Chatterjee B, Echchgadda I, Song CS#TITLE:Vitamin D receptor regulation of the steroid/bile acid sulfotransferase SULT2A1#JOURNAL:Methods Enzymol#YEAR:2005#PUBMED:16399349# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6822.1)
fast: false
reactant: 685888
name: _5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone sulfotransferase

688363
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 743988
type: SpeciesReference

631299
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747159
type: SpeciesReference

675917
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748807
type: SpeciesReference

598751
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749395
type: SpeciesReference

621692
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744290
type: SpeciesReference

749459
constant: false
boundary condition: true
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: _16-Glucuronide-estriol_C24H32O9
type: Species

612074
stoichiometry: 5.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

745264
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Calcitroic acid (D3)_C22H33O4
type: Species

672734
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745724
type: SpeciesReference

615726
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746651
type: SpeciesReference

624964
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

753795
product: 610276
product: 610264
reactant: 610252
reactant: 610240
notes: Abbreviation: R_SELt4_3 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: (3) na1[e] + sel[e] <==> (3) na1[c] + sel[c] Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_6561#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC13A1# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporters), member 1#ABBREVIATION:Slc13a1.1-e# citations: AUTHORS:Lee A, Beck L, Markovich D#TITLE:The human renal sodium sulfate cotransporter (SLC13A1; hNaSi-1) cDNA and gene: organization, chromosomal localization, and functional characterization#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:11161786# AUTHORS:Pajor AM#TITLE:Molecular properties of sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporters#JOURNAL:J Membr Biol#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10811962# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6561.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: selenate transport via sodium symport
type: Reaction

752845
product: 587834
product: 587822
reactant: 587810
reactant: 587798
notes: Abbreviation: R_AMPTASECG Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.4.11.2 SUBSYSTEM: Glutathione Metabolism Equation: [c] : cgly + h2o --> cys-L + gly Confidence Level: 1 SAB genes: LOCUS:_290#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ANPEP# proteins: NAME:alanyl aminopeptidase#ABBREVIATION:Anpep.1# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E #TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 1#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (290.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: alanyl aminopeptidase (cys-gly)
type: Reaction

537541
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748655
type: SpeciesReference

545925
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745096
type: SpeciesReference

642784
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744320
type: SpeciesReference

745884
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743862
type: Species

752851
product: 587932
reactant: 587920
notes: Abbreviation: R_GLBRAN Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.4.1.18 SUBSYSTEM: Starch and Sucrose Metabolism Equation: [c] : glygn1 --> glygn2 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_2632#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GBE1#ECNUMBERS:2.4.1.18# proteins: NAME: glucan (1,4-alpha-), branching enzyme 1 (glycogen branching enzyme, Andersen disease, glycogen storage disease type IV) #ABBREVIATION:Gbe1.1# citations: AUTHORS:Devlin, TM#TITLE:Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations#YEAR:2001# AUTHORS:Thon VJ, Khalil M, Cannon JF#TITLE:Isolation of human glycogen branching enzyme cDNAs by screening complementation in yeast.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem#YEAR:1993#PUBMED:8463281# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2632.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme (glygn1 -> glygn2)
type: Reaction

652780
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746659
type: SpeciesReference

756132
reversible: false
reactant: 665911
product: 665947
product: 665959
reactant: 665923
notes: Abbreviation: R_SERGLNNaEx Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: gln-L[c] + na1[e] + ser-L[e] --> gln-L[e] + na1[c] + ser-L[c] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see Kanai and Hediger 2004 (2003), PMID 14530974 genes: LOCUS:_6510#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC1A5# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5#ABBREVIATION:Slc1a5.1# citations: AUTHORS:Kanai Y, Hediger MA#TITLE:The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14530974# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6510.1)
fast: false
name: L-serine/L-glutamine Na-dependent exchange (Ser-L in)
type: Reaction
reactant: 665899
product: 665935

616428
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

691531
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747467
type: SpeciesReference

559263
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747121
type: SpeciesReference

745044
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Aquacob(III)alamin_C62H93CoN13O15P
type: Species

534921
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747453
type: SpeciesReference

756752
name: testicular 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
reactant: 680596
reactant: 680572
product: 680620
fast: false
type: Reaction
product: 680608
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSD17B1 Synonyms: _1 EC Number: 1.1.1.62 SUBSYSTEM: Steroid Metabolism Equation: [c] : estrone + h + nadph <==> estradiol + nadp Confidence Level: 4 microsomal NADP as cofactor HSD type 1 recheck/confirm comparmentalization - type 1: cytosol, types 2,3: microsomes paper ref notes reversibility: Payne and Hales Endocrine Reviews (2004): 25(6): 947-970 NJ genes: LOCUS:_3292#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B1# LOCUS:_7923#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B8#ECNUMBERS:1.1.1.62# proteins: NAME:hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 1#ABBREVIATION:Hsd17b1.1# NAME:hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 8#ABBREVIATION:Hsd17b8.1# citations: AUTHORS:Adamski J, Leenders F Carstensen JF, Kaumann M, Markus MM, Husen B, Tesdorpf JG, Seedor U, deLaunoit Y, Jakob F#TITLE:Steroids, fatty acyl-CoA, and sterols are substrates of 80-kDa multifunctional protein#JOURNAL:Steroids#YEAR:1997# AUTHORS:Payne AH, Hales DB#TITLE:Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones#JOURNAL:Endocrine Reviews#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Andersson S, Moghrabi N#TITLE:Physiology and molecular genetics of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases#JOURNAL:Steroids#YEAR:1997# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3292.1) or (7923.1)
reversible: true
reactant: 680584

647707
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746613
type: SpeciesReference

547794
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

756978
product: 686032
product: 686020
reactant: 686008
reactant: 685996
notes: Abbreviation: R_LCYSTCBOXL Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 4.1.1.15 SUBSYSTEM: Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism Equation: [c] : Lcyst + h --> co2 + taur Confidence Level: 4 SAB genes: LOCUS:_2572#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GAD2#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# LOCUS:_2571#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GAD1#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# LOCUS:_51380#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CSAD# LOCUS:_2571#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:GAD1#ECNUMBERS:4.1.1.15# proteins: NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad1.1# NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad1.2# NAME:glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa)#ABBREVIATION:Gad2.1# NAME:cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase#ABBREVIATION:Csad.1# citations: AUTHORS:Metzler, David E#TITLE:Biochemistry : the chemical reactions of living cells 2 ed vol 2#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51380.1) or (2571.1) or (2572.1) or (2571.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _3-Sulfoalanine carboxy-lyase
type: Reaction

559948
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745150
type: SpeciesReference

750631
product: 535101
product: 535089
reactant: 535077
reactant: 535065
notes: Abbreviation: R_NTD9 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.1.3.5 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [c] : gmp + h2o --> gsn + pi Confidence Level: 2 Wide specificity for 5'-nucleotides Also see EC 3.1.3.31 genes: LOCUS:_22978#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NT5C2# proteins: NAME:_5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II #ABBREVIATION:Nt5C2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Oka J, Matsumoto A, Hosokawa Y, Inoue S. #TITLE:Molecular cloning of human cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun. #YEAR:1994# GENE ASSOCIATION: (22978.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _5'-nucleotidase (GMP)
type: Reaction

544136
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746587
type: SpeciesReference

634184
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749497
type: SpeciesReference

750084
product: 522027
reactant: 522015
reactant: 522003
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARTCOAL1 Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: R Group Synthesis Equation: [c] : Rtotal + coa <==> Rtotalcoa Confidence Level: 0 HR fatty acid metabolism - R groups = acyl groups, Rtotal, Rtotal2, Rtotal3 correspond to three possible acyl groups added to glycerol Carbon stoichiometry normalized wrt C16 R1 - C16 groups R2 - essential FA + associated derivatives R3 - non-essential, dietary FA (C18) R4 - monounsaturated FA R5 -other (C26, C24) NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: R group coenzyme a ligase
type: Reaction

615945
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746429
type: SpeciesReference

548047
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747659
type: SpeciesReference

619168
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

623057
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746621
type: SpeciesReference

599428
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744006
type: SpeciesReference

673049
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746615
type: SpeciesReference

753443
reactant: 601825
type: Reaction
product: 601837
reversible: false
product: 601849
product: 601861
reactant: 601813
name: Glycolipid 1,6-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase (liver)
fast: false
notes: Abbreviation: R_G16MT_L Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: N-Glycan Biosynthesis Equation: [c] : gdpmann + (0.1) m1mpdol_L --> gdp + h + (0.1) m2mpdol_L Confidence Level: 0 EC 2.4.1.- NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:

687095
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

744308
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: _4-Pyridoxate_C8H9NO4
type: Species

745046
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Aquacob(III)alamin_C62H93CoN13O15P
type: Species

670050
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747381
type: SpeciesReference

745198
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743852
name: Butyrate (n-C4:0)_C4H7O2
type: Species

549122
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855
type: SpeciesReference

658734
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748855
type: SpeciesReference

534861
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 746014
type: SpeciesReference

756134
reactant: 665997
product: 666010
notes: Abbreviation: R_BAMPPALDOX Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.2.1.3 SUBSYSTEM: beta-Alanine metabolism Equation: [c] : bamppald + h2o + nad --> ala-B + (2) h + nadh Confidence Level: 1 SAB genes: LOCUS:_223#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH9A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.3,,1.2.1.19# LOCUS:_501#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH7A1# LOCUS:_224#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH3A2# LOCUS:_216#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A1#ECNUMBERS:1.2.1.36# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:3#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# LOCUS:_8854#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:ALDH1A2# proteins: NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh9a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh3a2.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1#ABBREVIATION:Aldh7a1.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.1# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.2# NAME:aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2#ABBREVIATION:Aldh1a2.3# citations: AUTHORS:White WH, Skatrud PL, Xue Z, Toyn JH#TITLE:Specialization of function among aldehyde dehydrogenases: the ALD2 and ALD3 genes are required for beta-alanine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae#JOURNAL:Genetics#YEAR:2003#PUBMED:12586697# GENE ASSOCIATION: (8854.2) or (501.1) or (216.1) or (224.1) or (8854.3) or (223.1) or (8854.1)
fast: false
product: 666037
reversible: false
reactant: 665984
type: Reaction
reactant: 665971
name: beta-Aminopropion aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
product: 666024

551736
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747817
type: SpeciesReference

685468
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745950
type: SpeciesReference

757377
product: 695667
product: 695692
reactant: 695643
reactant: 695631
name: Retinoyl CoA formation
type: Reaction
fast: false
reversible: false
reactant: 695655
notes: Abbreviation: R_RETNCOA Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : atp + coa + retn --> amp + ppi + retncoa Confidence Level: 2 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# AUTHORS:Blomhoff R, Green MH, Norum KR.#TITLE:Vitamin A: physiological and biochemical processing. #JOURNAL:Annu Rev Nutr.#YEAR:1992#PUBMED:1503811# GENE ASSOCIATION:
product: 695679

629145
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746625
type: SpeciesReference

755001
reversible: false
product: 639362
reactant: 639314
product: 639350
fast: false
product: 639338
type: Reaction
name: Beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase, Golgi apparatus
reactant: 639326
notes: Abbreviation: R_SIAT4Bg Synonyms: _8 SUBSYSTEM: Sphingolipid Metabolism Equation: [g] : cmpacna + galgbside_hs --> acngalgbside_hs + cmp + h Confidence Level: 4 NJ genes: LOCUS:_6483#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SIAT4B#ECNUMBERS:2.4.99.4# proteins: NAME:sialyltransferase 4B, Golgi apparatus#ABBREVIATION:Siat4b.1-g# citations: AUTHORS:Kolter T, Sandhoff K#TITLE:Recent advances in the biochemistry of sphingolipidoses#JOURNAL:Brain Pathology#YEAR:1998# AUTHORS:Giordanengo V, Bannwarth S, Laffont C, Van Miegem V, Harduin-Lepers A, Delannoy P, Lefebvre JC. #TITLE:Cloning and expression of cDNA for a human Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase from the CEM T-cell line. #JOURNAL:Eur J Biochem#YEAR:1997#PUBMED:9266697# GENE ASSOCIATION: (6483.1)

549835
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748207
type: SpeciesReference

756130
product: 665886
product: 665873
reactant: 665861
reactant: 665849
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt30m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: adp[m] + dcdp[c] --> adp[c] + dcdp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dCDP transport via ADP antiport
type: Reaction

544776
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746426
type: SpeciesReference

523047
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748747
type: SpeciesReference

746410
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Geranylgeranyl diphosphate_C20H33O7P2
type: Species

562283
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748079
type: SpeciesReference

753791
product: 610168
product: 610156
reactant: 610144
reactant: 610131
notes: Abbreviation: R_CLHCOtex Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: cl[e] + (2) hco3[c] --> cl[c] + (2) hco3[e] Confidence Level: 2 SAB genes: LOCUS:_1836#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A2# LOCUS:_115019#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A9# LOCUS:_115019#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A9# LOCUS:_1811#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A3# LOCUS:_5172#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A4# LOCUS:_115111#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A7# LOCUS:_115111#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A7# LOCUS:_116369#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A8# LOCUS:_116369#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:SLC26A8# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 26 (sulfate transporter), member 2#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a2.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 3#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a3.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 4#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a4.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a7.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 7#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a7.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 8#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a8.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 8#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a8.2# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 9#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a9.1# NAME:solute carrier family 26, member 9#ABBREVIATION:Slc26a9.2# citations: AUTHORS:Mount DB, Romero MF#TITLE:The SLC26 gene family of multifunctional anion exchangers#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12759755# GENE ASSOCIATION: (116369.1) or (5172.1) or (116369.2) or (115019.2) or (1811.1) or (115019.1) or (1836.1) or (115111.1) or (115111.2)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: chloride transport via bicarbonate countertransport
type: Reaction

554872
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

752853
product: 587981
product: 587969
reactant: 587957
reactant: 587944
notes: Abbreviation: R_HPCLx Synonyms: _1 SUBSYSTEM: Fatty Acid Metabolism Equation: [x] : (4) h + phyt2ohcoa --> formcoa + pristanal Confidence Level: 4 pristanal is the fatty aldehyde analog of pristanic acid Catalyzes a carbon-carbon cleavage reaction; cleaves a 2-hydroxy-3-methylacyl-CoA into formyl-CoA and a 2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde. NJ genes: LOCUS:_26062#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HYALP1# proteins: NAME:_2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase#ABBREVIATION:Hpcl2.1# citations: AUTHORS:Foulon V, Antonenkov VD, Croes K, Waelkens E, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP, Casteels M.#TITLE:Purification, molecular cloning, and expression of 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase, a peroxisomal thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the carbon-carbon bond cleavage during alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-branched fatty acids.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10468558# GENE ASSOCIATION: (26062.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase
type: Reaction

523770
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745578
type: SpeciesReference

634486
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745552
type: SpeciesReference

687504
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

600017
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748895
type: SpeciesReference

756976
product: 685984
reactant: 685972
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_galacglcgalgbside_hs_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : galacglcgalgbside_hs <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Gal-GlcNAc-Gal globoside (homo sapiens) exchange
type: Reaction

756750
product: 680548
product: 680560
reactant: 680536
fast: false
reactant: 680511
name: alkyl glycerol phosphate acyltransferase
notes: Abbreviation: R_AGLPT Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Equation: [c] : Rtotal2 + akgp_hs + h --> ak2gp_hs + h2o Confidence Level: 0 NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Voet D, Voet JG#TITLE:Biochemistry#YEAR:1995# AUTHORS:Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW#TITLE:Harper's Biochemistry#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Brites P, Waterham HR, Wander RJA#TITLE:Functions and biosynthesis of plasmalogens in health and disease#JOURNAL:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta#YEAR:2004# AUTHORS:Nagan N, Zoeller RA#TITLE:Plasmalogens: biosynthesis and functions#JOURNAL:Progress in Lipid Research#YEAR:2001# GENE ASSOCIATION:
type: Reaction
reversible: false
reactant: 680524

568369
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745114
type: SpeciesReference

745042
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate_C10H12N5O10PS
type: Species

691856
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747983
type: SpeciesReference

671650
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746611
type: SpeciesReference

670267
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745406
type: SpeciesReference

750082
product: 521955
reactant: 521919
name: pyruvate carboxylase
reactant: 521931
notes: Abbreviation: R_PCm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 6.4.1.1 SUBSYSTEM: Pyruvate Metabolism Equation: [m] : atp + hco3 + pyr --> adp + h + oaa + pi Confidence Level: 4 TV Metabolism at a glance genes: LOCUS:_5091#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PC#ECNUMBERS:6.4.1.1# LOCUS:_5091#TRANSCRIPT:2#ABBREVIATION:PC#ECNUMBERS:6.4.1.1# proteins: NAME:pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial (liver, kidney, intestine)#ABBREVIATION:Pc.1-m# NAME:pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial (liver, kidney, intestine)#ABBREVIATION:Pc.2-m# citations: AUTHORS:Orten JM, Neuhaus OW.#TITLE:Human Biochemistry#YEAR:1975# AUTHORS:Freytag SO, Collier KJ.#TITLE:Molecular cloning of a cDNA for human pyruvate carboxylase. Structural relationship to other biotin-containing carboxylases and regulation of mRNA content in differentiating preadipocytes.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1984#PUBMED:6548474# GENE ASSOCIATION: (5091.1) or (5091.2)
type: Reaction
reversible: false
product: 521967
fast: false
product: 521991
product: 521979
reactant: 521943

561751
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747511
type: SpeciesReference

627673
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747145
type: SpeciesReference

644965
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

744306
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: N-((R)-4-Phosphopantothenoyl)-L-cysteine_C12H20N2O9PS
type: Species

745258
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Carbamoyl phosphate_CH2NO5P
type: Species

531454
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745428
type: SpeciesReference

553885
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745486
type: SpeciesReference

753445
notes: Abbreviation: R_TDPm Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 3.6.1.15 SUBSYSTEM: Thiamine Metabolism Equation: [m] : h2o + thmpp --> h + pi + thmmp Confidence Level: 2 _01-25-05 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Barile M, Valenti D, Brizio C, Quagliariello E, Passarella S. #TITLE:Rat liver mitochondria can hydrolyse thiamine pyrophosphate to thiamine monophosphate which can cross the mitochondrial membrane in a carrier-mediated process.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1998#PUBMED:9755848# GENE ASSOCIATION:
type: Reaction
reactant: 601886
reactant: 601873
product: 601922
product: 601898
product: 601910
reversible: false
fast: false
name: thiamin pyrophosphatase, mitochondrial

581645
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747679
type: SpeciesReference

582129
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747921
type: SpeciesReference

603425
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747795
type: SpeciesReference

526663
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749359
type: SpeciesReference

595995
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

671590
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744588
type: SpeciesReference

745196
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Butyrate (n-C4:0)_C4H7O2
type: Species

689747
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746138
type: SpeciesReference

747701
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - reduced_C21H26N7O17P3
type: Species

533287
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744438
type: SpeciesReference

548193
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

757379
product: 695716
reactant: 695704
notes: Abbreviation: R_NOt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: no[e] <==> no[c] Confidence Level: 1 IT (06-16-04) genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: NO transport (diffusion)
type: Reaction

619709
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744898
type: SpeciesReference

672518
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

746412
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: D-glucurono-6,3-lactone_C6H8O6
type: Species

581911
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748935
type: SpeciesReference

529938
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746160
type: SpeciesReference

665151
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

649959
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747499
type: SpeciesReference

757373
notes: Abbreviation: R_S6TASE10ly Synonyms: _7 EC Number: 3.1.6.4 SUBSYSTEM: Keratan sulfate degradation Equation: [l] : h2o + ksi_deg4 <==> h + ksi_deg5 + so4 Confidence Level: 4 NCD genes: LOCUS:_4758#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:NEU1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.18# LOCUS:_2720#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GLB1#ECNUMBERS:3.2.1.23# LOCUS:_2588#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GALNS#ECNUMBERS:3.1.6.4# LOCUS:_5476#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:PPGB# proteins: NAME:sialidase I, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Neu1.1-l# NAME:beta-galactosidase, lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Glb1.1-l# NAME:cathepsin A (protective protein), lysosomal #ABBREVIATION:Ppgb.1-l# NAME:galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfate sulfatase (Morquio syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA), lysosomal#ABBREVIATION:Galns.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y.#TITLE:Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase.#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1988#PUBMED:3143362# AUTHORS:Lim CT, Horwitz AL#TITLE:Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochim Biophys Acta#YEAR:1981#PUBMED:7213753# AUTHORS:Glossl J, Truppe W, Kresse H#TITLE:Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1979#PUBMED:39554# AUTHORS:Bielicki J, Hopwood JJ#TITLE:Human liver N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase. Purification and characterization#JOURNAL:Biochem J#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1953646# AUTHORS:Masue M, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Hashimoto T#TITLE:N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in human placenta: purification and characteristics#JOURNAL:J Biochem (Tokyo)#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1794986# AUTHORS:Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al#TITLE:Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase#JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:1991#PUBMED:1755850# AUTHORS:Bielicki J…
name: galactose-6-sulfate sulfatase, lysosomal
product: 695595
type: Reaction
reactant: 695547
reversible: true
product: 695571
reactant: 695559
fast: false
product: 695583

555334
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

585084
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747047
type: SpeciesReference

544039
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748483
type: SpeciesReference

649355
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745448
type: SpeciesReference

652045
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744658
type: SpeciesReference

750635
product: 535149
reactant: 535137
notes: Abbreviation: R_DM_hretn_LPAREN_n_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [n] : hretn --> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: _4 hydroxy retinoic acid demand
type: Reaction

756542
reversible: false
reactant: 675553
product: 675577
name: glutathione oxidoreductase
notes: Abbreviation: R_GTHO Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.8.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Glutamate metabolism Equation: [c] : gthox + h + nadph --> (2) gthrd + nadp Confidence Level: 2 NCD, TV This EC (1.6.4.2) is obsolete. The new EC is 1.8.1.7. http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:1.6.4.2 genes: LOCUS:_2936#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:GSR#ECNUMBERS:1.6.4.2# proteins: NAME:glutathione reductase (cytosolic)#ABBREVIATION:Gsr.2# citations: AUTHORS:Kelner MJ, Montoya MA.#TITLE:Structural organization of the human glutathione reductase gene: determination of correct cDNA sequence and identification of a mitochondrial leader sequence. #JOURNAL:Biochem Biophys Res Commun#YEAR:2000#PUBMED:10708558# GENE ASSOCIATION: (2936.1)
reactant: 675541
fast: false
reactant: 675529
type: Reaction
product: 675565

756756
product: 680669
reactant: 680656
notes: Abbreviation: R_ACN13ACNGALGBSIDEte Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: acn13acngalgbside_hs[c] <==> acn13acngalgbside_hs[e] Confidence Level: 1 unknown mechanism for transport - intracellular transport occurs, most details are unknown - see for example Varki glycobiology text or numerous reviews (PMID: 8206147) - extracellular transport is also made available since metabolites can get to outer plasma membrane NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# AUTHORS:Sandhoff K, Klein A.#TITLE:Intracellular trafficking of glycosphingolipids: role of sphingolipid activator proteins in the topology of endocytosis and lysosomal digestion.#JOURNAL:FEBS Lett.#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8206147# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: acn13acngalgbside_hs transport
type: Reaction

628420
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744542
type: SpeciesReference

645793
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747693
type: SpeciesReference

585795
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745632
type: SpeciesReference

667866
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746056
type: SpeciesReference

534667
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747839
type: SpeciesReference

644287
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747869
type: SpeciesReference

567706
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747687
type: SpeciesReference

690375
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748137
type: SpeciesReference

682853
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748189
type: SpeciesReference

556433
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744658
type: SpeciesReference

746411
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: primed glycogenin (glycogenin-8[1,4-Glc])_C48H81O41X
type: Species

533171
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746401
type: SpeciesReference

753447
product: 601971
product: 601959
reactant: 601947
reactant: 601935
notes: Abbreviation: R_ARGLYSex Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: arg-L[e] + lys-L[c] --> arg-L[c] + lys-L[e] Confidence Level: 4 SAB see PMID 14770310 genes: LOCUS:_6520#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC3A2# LOCUS:_9057#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC7A6# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 3 member 2/family 7 member 6#ABBREVIATION:Slc3a2/7a6# citations: AUTHORS:Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y#TITLE:CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:14770310# GENE ASSOCIATION: (9057.1 and 6520.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: Arginine/Lysine exchanger (Arg in)
type: Reaction

750529
product: 532748
reactant: 532736
notes: Abbreviation: R_HSPGt Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Extracellular Equation: hspg[g] --> hspg[e] Confidence Level: 2 NCD genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Varki, Cummings, Esko, Freeze, Hart, Marth#TITLE:Essentials of Glycobiology#YEAR:1999# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: false
name: heparan sulfate transport, golgi to extracellular
type: Reaction

529227
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 749716
type: SpeciesReference

540224
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744818
type: SpeciesReference

750088
product: 522113
reactant: 522089
notes: Abbreviation: R_C3STKR2r Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Cholesterol Metabolism Equation: [r] : h + nadph + zym_int2 --> nadp + zymst Confidence Level: 4 NCD ER - NJ genes: LOCUS:_3295#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:HSD17B4# proteins: NAME:hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4 er#ABBREVIATION:Hsd17b4.1-r# citations: AUTHORS:Marijanovic Z, Laubner D, Moller G, Gege C, Husenn B, Adamski J, Breitling R#TITLE:Closing the gap: Identification of human 3-ketosteroid reductase, the last unknown enzyme of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis#JOURNAL:Molecular Endocrinology#YEAR:2005# GENE ASSOCIATION: (3295.1)
type: Reaction
reactant: 522077
reactant: 522064
reversible: false
product: 522101
fast: false
name: C-3 sterol keto reductase (zymosterol)

755005
reactant: 639494
reactant: 639482
product: 639518
name: cytochrome P450 2C18
reactant: 639458
type: Reaction
notes: Abbreviation: R_P4502C18 Synonyms: _2 SUBSYSTEM: CYP Metabolism Equation: [c] : antipyrene + h + nadph + (0.5) o2 --> dmantipyrine + meoh + nadp Confidence Level: 2 antipyrine N-demethylation assumed to take place on outer membrane stoichiometry inferred (methanol production vs methane production?) NJ genes: LOCUS:_1562#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CYP2C18#ECNUMBERS:1.14.14.1# proteins: NAME:cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 18#ABBREVIATION:Cyp2c18.1# citations: AUTHORS:Lewis DF.#TITLE:_57 varieties: the human cytochromes P450.#JOURNAL:Pharmacogenomics#YEAR:2004#PUBMED:15579107# AUTHORS:Goldstein JA, Faletto MB, Romkes-Sparks M, Sullivan T, Kitareewan S, Raucy JL, Lasker JM, Ghanayem BI.#TITLE:Evidence that CYP2C19 is the major (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase in humans.#JOURNAL:Biochemistry#YEAR:1994#PUBMED:8110777# GENE ASSOCIATION: (1562.1)
reversible: false
product: 639506
fast: false
product: 639530
reactant: 639470

646628
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 746004
type: SpeciesReference

756828
product: 682335
product: 682323
reactant: 682311
notes: Abbreviation: R_CATp Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 1.11.1.6 SUBSYSTEM: Miscellaneous Equation: [x] : (2) h2o2 --> (2) h2o + o2 Confidence Level: 0 NCD genes: LOCUS:_847#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:CAT#ECNUMBERS:1.11.1.6# proteins: NAME:catalase#ABBREVIATION:Cat.1-x# citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION: (847.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: catalase A, peroxisomal
type: Reaction

670572
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747851
type: SpeciesReference

668253
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744986
type: SpeciesReference

747703
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - reduced_C21H26N7O17P3
type: Species

533785
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746635
type: SpeciesReference

745194
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743860
name: Biotin_C10H15N2O3S
type: Species

748209
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743856
name: L-Proline_C5H9NO2
type: Species

752283
product: 574203
product: 574190
reactant: 574178
reactant: 574166
notes: Abbreviation: R_DNDPt41m Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Mitochondrial Equation: dcdp[m] + dutp[c] --> dcdp[c] + dutp[m] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_60386#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC25A19# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier), member 19 #ABBREVIATION:Slc25A19.1-m# citations: AUTHORS:Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Runswick MJ, Palmieri F, Walker JE. #TITLE:The human mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier and its role in the toxicity of nucleoside antivirals.#JOURNAL:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.#YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11226231# GENE ASSOCIATION: (60386.1)
fast: false
reversible: false
name: dUTP transport via dCDP antiport
type: Reaction

635314
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744488
type: SpeciesReference

586035
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746637
type: SpeciesReference

532083
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746437
type: SpeciesReference

746414
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743850
name: D-glucurono-6,3-lactone_C6H8O6
type: Species

608061
stoichiometry: 7.0
species: 747683
type: SpeciesReference

651777
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746885
type: SpeciesReference

692388
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748765
type: SpeciesReference

757375
product: 695619
reactant: 695607
notes: Abbreviation: R_RETI3 Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 5.2.1.7 SUBSYSTEM: Vitamin A Metabolism Equation: [c] : retinol <==> retinol-cis-13 Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Blaner WS.#TITLE:Cellular metabolism and actions of 13-cis-retinoic acid. #JOURNAL:J Am Acad Dermatol. #YEAR:2001#PUBMED:11606944# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: retinol isomerase (13-cis)
type: Reaction

756540
product: 675517
product: 675505
reactant: 675493
reactant: 675481
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTK10n Synonyms: _0 EC Number: 2.7.4.14 SUBSYSTEM: Nucleotides Equation: [n] : cmp + dgtp <==> cdp + dgdp Confidence Level: 4 genes: LOCUS:_51727#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:UMP-CMPK#ECNUMBERS:2.7.4.14# proteins: NAME:UMP-CMP kinase #ABBREVIATION:UmpK.1-n# citations: AUTHORS:Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A.#TITLE:Phosphorylation of deoxycytidine analog monophosphates by UMP-CMP kinase: molecular characterization of the human enzyme. #JOURNAL:Mol Pharmacol. #YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10462544# AUTHORS:Liou JY, Dutschman GE, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC.#TITLE:Characterization of human UMP/CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D- and L-form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates.#JOURNAL:Cancer Res. #YEAR:2002#PUBMED:11912132# GENE ASSOCIATION: (51727.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: cytidylate kinase (CMP,dGTP),nuclear
type: Reaction

642045
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747465
type: SpeciesReference

668193
stoichiometry: 0.1
species: 745988
type: SpeciesReference

750633
product: 535125
reactant: 535113
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_5htrp_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : 5htrp <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: _5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan exchange
type: Reaction

528180
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747125
type: SpeciesReference

614664
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748503
type: SpeciesReference

534124
stoichiometry: 3.0
species: 745422
type: SpeciesReference

756754
product: 680644
reactant: 680632
notes: Abbreviation: R_FUC14GALACGLCGALGLUSIDEtg Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Golgi Apparatus Equation: fuc14galacglcgalgluside_hs[g] <==> fuc14galacglcgalgluside_hs[c] Confidence Level: 2 unknown mechanism, however these blood groups need to make it to the extracellular surface of cells NJ genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: blood group intracellular transport
type: Reaction

591625
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748545
type: SpeciesReference

745048
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743847
name: L-Arabinose_C5H10O5
type: Species

638159
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 744976
type: SpeciesReference

609119
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 746629
type: SpeciesReference

746413
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: false
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 743858
name: D-glucurono-6,3-lactone_C6H8O6
type: Species

652190
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 745282
type: SpeciesReference

757261
notes: Abbreviation: R_APOCF Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Biotin Metabolism Equation: [c] : apoC + lys-L --> apoC-Lys + h + h2o Confidence Level: 2 IT faked reaction to balance reaction in human biotin metabolism genes: none proteins: none citations: AUTHORS:Monti E, Preti A, Rossi E, Ballabio A, Borsani G.#TITLE:Cloning and characterization of NEU2, a human gene homologous to rodent soluble sialidases.#JOURNAL:Genomics#YEAR:1999#PUBMED:10191093# AUTHORS:Bender DA#TITLE:Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins#YEAR:2003# GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
product: 692894
name: Apocarboxylase formation
reactant: 692858
type: Reaction
product: 692882
reversible: false
product: 692870
reactant: 692846

750086
product: 522052
reactant: 522039
notes: Abbreviation: R_EX_cholate_LPAREN_e_RPAREN_ Synonyms: _0 Equation: [e] : cholate <==> Confidence Level: genes: none proteins: none citations: none GENE ASSOCIATION:
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Cholate exchange
type: Reaction

604159
stoichiometry: 2.0
species: 744712
type: SpeciesReference

753449
product: 601995
reactant: 601983
notes: Abbreviation: R_CYTDtl Synonyms: _0 SUBSYSTEM: Transport, Lysosomal Equation: cytd[l] <==> cytd[c] Confidence Level: 4 IT genes: LOCUS:_55315#TRANSCRIPT:1#ABBREVIATION:SLC29A3# proteins: NAME:solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 3 #ABBREVIATION:Slc29a3.1-l# citations: AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29.#JOURNAL:Pflugers Arch. #YEAR:2004#PUBMED:12838422# AUTHORS:Pisoni RL, Thoene JG.#TITLE:Detection and characterization of a nucleoside transport system in human fibroblast lysosomes.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem.#YEAR:1989#PUBMED:2925670# AUTHORS:Baldwin SA, Yao SY, Hyde RJ, Ng AM, Foppolo S, Barnes K, Ritzel MW, Cass CE, Young JD.#TITLE:Functional characterization of novel human and mouse equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT3 and mENT3) located in intracellular membranes.#JOURNAL:J Biol Chem. #YEAR:2005#PUBMED:15701636# GENE ASSOCIATION: (55315.1)
fast: false
reversible: true
name: Cytidine facilated transport from lysosome
type: Reaction

544353
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 748093
type: SpeciesReference

624385
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 747673
type: SpeciesReference