853743
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 86400.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

199021
kinetic law: 853972
modifier: 853960
product: 853948
reactant: 853936
fast: false
reversible: false
type: Reaction

metaid_0000073
unit: 853731
name: per day
type: SBMLUnitsDef

853948
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 199013
type: SpeciesReference

853719
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 86400.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

199041
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.25
name: kill ratio
type: Parameter

853767
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 86400.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

MODEL1008060000
parameter: 199032
units def: metaid_0000075
species: 199011
type: SBMLModel
event: 199028
reaction: 199021
compartment: 199009
curated: false
notes: Munz2009 - Zombie Impulsive Killing This is the basic SZR model with impulsive killing described in the article. This model was originally created by libAntimony v1.4 (using libSBML 3.4.1). This model is described in the article: When zombies attack!: Mathematical modelling of an outbreak of zombie infection P. Munz, I. Hudea, J. Imad and R.J. Smith? Infectious Disease Modelling Research Progress 2009, chapter 4, pp 133-150. Editors: Jean Michel Tchuenche and C. Chiyaka; Nova Science Publishers, Inc., NY, USA. Abstract: Zombies are a popular figure in pop culture/entertainment and they are usually portrayed as being brought about through an outbreak or epidemic. Consequently, we model a zombie attack, using biological assumptions based on popular zombie movies. We introduce a basic model for zombie infection, determine equilibria and their stability, and illustrate the outcome with numerical solutions. We then refine the model to introduce a latent period of zombification, whereby humans are infected, but not infectious, before becoming undead. We then modify the model to include the effects of possible quarantine or a cure. Finally, we examine the impact of regular, impulsive reductions in the number of zombies and derive conditions under which eradication can occur. We show that only quick, aggressive attacks can stave off the doomsday scenario: the collapse of society as zombies overtake us all. This model is hosted on BioModels Database and identified by: MODEL1008060000 . To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models . To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain Dedication for more information.
reaction: 199020
parameter: 199036
time units: metaid_0000072
units def: metaid_0000071
units def: metaid_0000074
units def: metaid_0000073
species: 199013
initial assignment: MODEL1008060000#
is described by: ISBN:1607413477
parameter: 199041
parameter: 199039
parameter: 199040
length unit: 821056
name: Munz2009 - Zombi Impulsive Killing
parameter: 199033
units def: metaid_0000072
reaction: 199016
volume units: 290956
parameter: 199042
reaction: 199015
parameter: 199035
area units: 237671
species: 199012
substance units: metaid_0000071
reaction: 199019
parameter: 199034
rule: 199029

199035
notes: rate of zombie bites
constant: true
units: metaid_0000074
value: 0.0055
type: Parameter

199015
kinetic law: 853815
product: 853803
fast: false
reversible: false
type: Reaction

199019
kinetic law: 853888
product: 853875
reactant: 853863
fast: false
reversible: false
type: Reaction

metaid_0000072
unit: 853719
name: days
type: SBMLUnitsDef

853900
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 199013
type: SpeciesReference

199011
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: true
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: NaN
in compartment: 199009
name: Susceptible
type: Species

199009
constant: true
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0
name: environment
type: Compartment

199020
kinetic law: 853924
product: 853912
reactant: 853900
fast: false
reversible: false
type: Reaction

199039
notes: rate of zombie destruction
constant: true
units: metaid_0000074
value: 0.0075
type: Parameter

199040
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: number of kills
type: Parameter

853863
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 199011
type: SpeciesReference

853827
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 199011
type: SpeciesReference

199034
notes: background death rate
constant: true
units: metaid_0000073
value: 1.0E-4
type: Parameter

199016
kinetic law: 853851
product: 853839
reactant: 853827
fast: false
reversible: false
type: Reaction

metaid_0000071
unit: 853707
name: individuals(thousands)
type: SBMLUnitsDef

853936
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 199012
type: SpeciesReference

199028
event assignment: 854008
event assignment: 853996
trigger: 853984
use values from trigger time: true
type: Event

199033
constant: false
units: metaid_0000075
value: NaN
name: birth rate
type: Parameter

853707
exponent: 1.0
scale: 3
multipler: 1.0
kind: ITEM
type: SBMLUnit

853803
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 199011
type: SpeciesReference

853984
persistant: true
initial value: true
type: Trigger

853731
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 86400.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

metaid_0000075
unit: 853779
unit: 853767
name: thousand individuals per day
type: SBMLUnitsDef

199012
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: true
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: 1.0
in compartment: 199009
name: Zombie
type: Species

853912
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 199012
type: SpeciesReference

853779
exponent: 1.0
scale: 3
multipler: 1.0
kind: ITEM
type: SBMLUnit

853755
exponent: -1.0
scale: 3
multipler: 1.0
kind: ITEM
type: SBMLUnit

199032
constant: true
units: metaid_0000071
value: 500.0
name: starting Population
type: Parameter

metaid_0000074
unit: 853755
unit: 853743
name: per day per thousand individuals
type: SBMLUnitsDef

199013
constant: false
boundary condition: false
has only substance units: true
initial concentration: NaN
initial amount: 0.0
in compartment: 199009
name: Removed
type: Species

853839
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 199013
type: SpeciesReference

853875
stoichiometry: 1.0
species: 199012
type: SpeciesReference

199036
notes: rate of undead resurrection
constant: true
units: metaid_0000073
value: 0.09
type: Parameter

199042
constant: true
units: metaid_0000072
value: 2.5
name: kill intervall
type: Parameter