745554
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: NEWTON
type: SBMLUnit

745506
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: NEWTON
type: SBMLUnit

030369
constant: true
value: 0.317
name: k_2
type: Parameter

745421
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

030386
constant: true
value: 4.1
name: delta_L_sec1
type: Parameter

030392
constant: true
value: 1.0
name: A
type: Parameter

030366
constant: true
value: 5.8
name: curv
type: Parameter

030362
constant: true
value: 19.0
name: L_4
type: Parameter

745494
unit: 745518
unit: 745506
name: newton_per_mm
type: SBMLUnitsDef

030372
constant: true
value: 4.1
name: d_LSEC1
type: Parameter

745445
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

030376
constant: true
value: 18.1
name: F_im
type: Parameter

030382
constant: false
value: NaN
name: f_sec
type: Parameter

030389
constant: true
value: 3.5
name: k
type: Parameter

030385
constant: false
value: NaN
name: delta_L_sec
type: Parameter

745530
unit: 745566
unit: 745554
unit: 745542
name: mm_newton_per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

030365
constant: true
value: -141.0
name: v_max
type: Parameter

030361
constant: true
value: 2.0
name: L_3
type: Parameter

030381
constant: false
value: NaN
name: f_L
type: Parameter

030384
constant: false
value: NaN
name: f_pec
type: Parameter

745433
unit: 745457
unit: 745445
name: mm_per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

030370
constant: true
value: 4.1
name: F_1
type: Parameter

030388
constant: false
value: 0.2
name: delta_L_pec
type: Parameter

745566
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

745518
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

745457
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

030360
constant: true
value: -14.0
name: L_2
type: Parameter

030374
constant: true
value: 0.3
name: L_m
type: Parameter

MODEL1006230120
creator:
  ORG:
    orgname: The University of Auckland
  n:
    given: Paul
    family: Harrington
units def: 745433
parameter: 030366
parameter: 030386
rule: 030352
volume units: 290956
parameter: 030374
length unit: 821056
parameter: 030380
parameter: 030362
parameter: 030382
rule: 030356
created:
  W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:03:51 BST 2010
parameter: 030370
rule: 030347
type: SBMLModel
parameter: 030377
parameter: 030364
parameter: 030365
parameter: 030385
rule: 030351
compartment: 030343
modified:
  W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:03:51 BST 2010
parameter: 030373
creator:
  ORG:
    orgname: The University of Auckland
  n:
    given: Paul
    family: Harrington
parameter: 030393
substance units: 178797
parameter: 030360
parameter: 030361
parameter: 030381
parameter: 030358
rule: 030355
parameter: 030388
curated: false
creator:
  ORG:
    orgname: The University of Auckland
  n:
    given: Paul
    family: Harrington
rule: 030348
is described by: http://identifiers.org/pubmed/18049823
parameter: 030376
units def: 745409
units def: 745530
units def: 745494
rule: 030354
parameter: 030378
parameter: 030384
parameter: 030372
parameter: 030392
modified:
  W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:03:51 BST 2010
modified:
  W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:03:51 BST 2010
units def: 745469
time units: 722430
rule: 030350
name: Siebert2008_MuscleContraction_CCSEC
parameter: 030390
notes: This a model from the article: Nonlinearities make a difference: comparison of two common Hill-type models with real muscle. Siebert T, Rode C, Herzog W, Till O, Blickhan R. Biol Cybern 2008 Feb;98(2):133-43 18049823 , Abstract: Compared to complex structural Huxley-type models, Hill-type models phenomenologically describe muscle contraction using only few state variables. The Hill-type models dominate in the ever expanding field of musculoskeletal simulations for simplicity and low computational cost. Reasonable parameters are required to gain insight into mechanics of movement. The two most common Hill-type muscle models used contain three components. The series elastic component is connected in series to the contractile component. A parallel elastic component is either connected in parallel to both the contractile and the series elastic component (model [CC+SEC]), or is connected in parallel only with the contractile component (model [CC]). As soon as at least one of the components exhibits substantial nonlinearities, as, e.g., the contractile component by the ability to turn on and off, the two models are mechanically different. We tested which model ([CC+SEC] or [CC]) represents the cat soleus better. Ramp experiments consisting of an isometric and an isokinetic part were performed with an in situ cat soleus preparation using supramaximal nerve stimulation. Hill-type models containing force-length and force-velocity relationship, excitation-contraction coupling and series and parallel elastic force-elongation relations were fitted to the data. To test which model might represent the muscle better, the obtained parameters were compared with experimentally determined parameters. Determined in situations with negligible passive force, the force-velocity relation and the series elastic component relation are independent of the chosen model. In contrast to model [CC+SEC], these relations predicted by model [CC] were in accordance with experimental relations. In conc…
parameter: 030368
parameter: 030369
parameter: 030389
area units: 237671

745409
unit: 745421
name: mm
type: SBMLUnitsDef

030364
constant: true
value: 0.49
name: f_c
type: Parameter

030343
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0
type: Compartment

030390
constant: false
value: NaN
name: L_mtc
type: Parameter

030378
constant: false
value: NaN
name: v_cc
type: Parameter

030380
constant: false
value: NaN
name: f_v
type: Parameter

030368
constant: true
value: 0.012
name: k_1
type: Parameter

745469
unit: 745481
name: per_mm
type: SBMLUnitsDef

030358
constant: true
value: -23.0
name: L_1
type: Parameter

030393
constant: true
value: 0.3
name: L_mslack
type: Parameter

745542
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

745481
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

030377
constant: true
value: 0.006
name: tau
type: Parameter

030373
constant: true
value: 3.3
name: k_sh
type: Parameter