077675
constant: true
value: 9.5
name: curv
type: Parameter

740645
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: NEWTON
type: SBMLUnit

740597
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: NEWTON
type: SBMLUnit

740537
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

077699
constant: true
value: 0.065
name: tau
type: Parameter

077717
constant: true
value: 4.1
name: delta_L_sec1
type: Parameter

740513
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

077720
constant: true
value: 8.2
name: k
type: Parameter

077660
constant: true
value: -14.0
name: L_2
type: Parameter

MODEL1006230119
volume units: 290956
parameter: 077723
rule: 077643
parameter: 077729
parameter: 077660
parameter: 077711
parameter: 077678
rule: 077649
parameter: 077717
modified:
  W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:04:38 BST 2010
rule: 077641
parameter: 077666
units def: 740525
parameter: 077708
creator:
  ORG:
    orgname: The University of Auckland
  n:
    given: Paul
    family: Harrington
substance units: 178797
rule: 077655
parameter: 077657
compartment: 077638
parameter: 077699
area units: 237671
parameter: 077720
parameter: 077687
is described by: http://identifiers.org/pubmed/18049823
rule: 077642
creator:
  ORG:
    orgname: The University of Auckland
  n:
    given: Paul
    family: Harrington
curated: false
creator:
  ORG:
    orgname: The University of Auckland
  n:
    given: Paul
    family: Harrington
parameter: 077705
type: SBMLModel
created:
  W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:04:38 BST 2010
parameter: 077690
units def: 740621
parameter: 077696
rule: 077646
units def: 740561
parameter: 077684
parameter: 077672
parameter: 077726
name: Siebert2008_MuscleContraction_CC
length unit: 821056
units def: 740585
units def: 740501
parameter: 077675
parameter: 077714
parameter: 077663
parameter: 077702
parameter: 077669
notes: This a model from the article: Nonlinearities make a difference: comparison of two common Hill-type models with real muscle. Siebert T, Rode C, Herzog W, Till O, Blickhan R. Biol Cybern 2008 Feb;98(2):133-43 18049823 , Abstract: Compared to complex structural Huxley-type models, Hill-type models phenomenologically describe muscle contraction using only few state variables. The Hill-type models dominate in the ever expanding field of musculoskeletal simulations for simplicity and low computational cost. Reasonable parameters are required to gain insight into mechanics of movement. The two most common Hill-type muscle models used contain three components. The series elastic component is connected in series to the contractile component. A parallel elastic component is either connected in parallel to both the contractile and the series elastic component (model [CC+SEC]), or is connected in parallel only with the contractile component (model [CC]). As soon as at least one of the components exhibits substantial nonlinearities, as, e.g., the contractile component by the ability to turn on and off, the two models are mechanically different. We tested which model ([CC+SEC] or [CC]) represents the cat soleus better. Ramp experiments consisting of an isometric and an isokinetic part were performed with an in situ cat soleus preparation using supramaximal nerve stimulation. Hill-type models containing force-length and force-velocity relationship, excitation-contraction coupling and series and parallel elastic force-elongation relations were fitted to the data. To test which model might represent the muscle better, the obtained parameters were compared with experimentally determined parameters. Determined in situations with negligible passive force, the force-velocity relation and the series elastic component relation are independent of the chosen model. In contrast to model [CC+SEC], these relations predicted by model [CC] were in accordance with experimental relations. In conc…
parameter: 077693
modified:
  W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:04:38 BST 2010
parameter: 077681
time units: 722430
modified:
  W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:04:38 BST 2010
rule: 077652

077669
constant: true
value: 0.51
name: f_c
type: Parameter

077638
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0
type: Compartment

077714
constant: false
value: NaN
name: delta_L_sec
type: Parameter

077693
constant: true
value: 2.6
name: L_m
type: Parameter

077684
constant: true
value: 8.9
name: F_1
type: Parameter

740549
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
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740621
unit: 740657
unit: 740645
unit: 740633
name: mm_newton_per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

077708
constant: false
value: NaN
name: f_L
type: Parameter

740609
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

740573
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

077678
constant: true
value: 0.0064
name: k_1
type: Parameter

077723
constant: false
value: 0.2
name: L_cc
type: Parameter

740585
unit: 740609
unit: 740597
name: newton_per_mm
type: SBMLUnitsDef

740525
unit: 740549
unit: 740537
name: mm_per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

077711
constant: false
value: NaN
name: f_sec
type: Parameter

077666
constant: true
value: 14.0
name: L_4
type: Parameter

740633
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

077687
constant: true
value: 2.9
name: d_LSEC1
type: Parameter

077705
constant: false
value: NaN
name: f_v
type: Parameter

740501
unit: 740513
name: mm
type: SBMLUnitsDef

740657
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

077726
constant: false
value: NaN
name: L_mtc
type: Parameter

077690
constant: true
value: 2.5
name: k_sh
type: Parameter

077657
constant: true
value: -24.0
name: L_1
type: Parameter

077729
constant: true
value: 1.0
name: A
type: Parameter

077672
constant: true
value: -152.0
name: v_max
type: Parameter

077702
constant: false
value: NaN
name: v_cc
type: Parameter

740561
unit: 740573
name: per_mm
type: SBMLUnitsDef

077696
constant: true
value: 20.6
name: F_im
type: Parameter

077663
constant: true
value: 4.0
name: L_3
type: Parameter

077681
constant: true
value: 0.414
name: k_2
type: Parameter