445062
constant: true
units: 680515
value: NaN
name: Cai
type: Parameter

445128
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: alpha_h
type: Parameter

445371
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.1
name: tau_b
type: Parameter

445365
constant: true
units: 680635
value: 2.5E-6
name: V_i
type: Parameter

445176
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_fK
type: Parameter

445272
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 395.3
name: K1ni
type: Parameter

445335
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.005
name: tau_rel
type: Parameter

445014
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_CaL
type: Parameter

445020
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0E-4
name: dL
type: Parameter

445320
constant: false
units: 680635
value: NaN
name: V_rel
type: Parameter

445266
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 26.44
name: K3ni
type: Parameter

680323
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

680347
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

680431
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD
type: SBMLUnit

444996
constant: false
units: 680311
value: -64.9
name: E
type: Parameter

680395
unit: 680407
name: nanoS
type: SBMLUnitsDef

445203
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_p
type: Parameter

445305
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_bK
type: Parameter

445293
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: do
type: Parameter

445083
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E
type: Parameter

MODEL0912503622
parameter: 445296
parameter: 445224
parameter: 445005
parameter: 445314
parameter: 445023
parameter: 445179
rule: 444826
rule: 444841
parameter: 445266
parameter: 445284
parameter: 445212
parameter: 445149
parameter: 445302
curated: false
rule: 444844
parameter: 445380
parameter: 445167
rule: 444916
rule: 444781
parameter: 445254
rule: 444931
parameter: 445272
parameter: 445200
parameter: 445137
substance units: 608838
rule: 444880
parameter: 445155
rule: 444808
rule: 444793
units def: 680263
rule: 444985
rule: 444898
parameter: 444999
type: SBMLModel
parameter: 445257
parameter: 444990
rule: 444877
units def: 680515
parameter: 445299
rule: 444949
rule: 444805
rule: 444964
parameter: 444987
parameter: 445044
parameter: 445245
parameter: 445128
rule: 444889
rule: 444967
parameter: 445287
parameter: 445323
parameter: 445233
parameter: 445032
parameter: 445218
units def: 680599
notes: This a model from the article: Ion currents underlying sinoatrial node pacemaker activity: a new single cell mathematical model. Dokos S, Celler B, Lovell N. J Theor Biol 1996 Aug 7;181(3):245-72 8869126 , Abstract: The ionic currents underlying autorhythmicity of the mammalian sinoatrial node and their wider contribution to each phase of the action potential have been investigated in this study using a new single cell mathematical model. The new model provides a review and update of existing formulations of sinoatrial node membrane currents, derived from a wide range of electrophysiological data available in the literature. Simulations of spontaneous activity suggest that the dominant mechanism underlying pacemaker depolarisation is the inward background Na+ current, ib,Na. In contrast to previous models, the decay of the delayed rectifying K+ current, iK, was insignificant during this phase. Despite the presence of a pseudo-outward background current throughout the pacemaker range of potentials (Na-K pump+leak currents), the hyperpolarisation-activated current i(f) was not essential to pacemaker activity. A closer inspection of the current-voltage characteristics of the model revealed that the "instantaneous" time-independent current was inward for holding potentials in the pacemaker range, which rapidly became outward within 2 ms due to the inactivation of the L-type Ca2+ current, iCa,L. This suggests that reports in the literature in which the net background current is outward throughout the pacemaker range of potentials may be exaggerated. The magnitudes of the action potential overshoot and the maximum diastolic potential were determined largely by the reversal potentials of iCa,L and iK respectively. The action potential was sustained by the incomplete deactivation of iCa,L and the Na-Ca exchanger, iNaCa. Despite the incorporation of "square-root" activation by [K]o of all K+ currents, the model was unable to correctly simulate the response to elevated [K]o. …
parameter: 445188
parameter: 445116
rule: 444979
parameter: 445119
parameter: 445311
parameter: 445260
rule: 444796
compartment: 444774
rule: 444940
parameter: 445020
parameter: 445221
parameter: 445377
rule: 444838
rule: 444784
parameter: 445104
rule: 444943
rule: 444982
rule: 444886
parameter: 445365
parameter: 445077
rule: 444928
rule: 444955
parameter: 445008
parameter: 445209
parameter: 445098

445053
constant: true
units: 680239
value: 3.0
name: alpha_fL2
type: Parameter

445167
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

445233
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k41
type: Parameter

445140
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_K
type: Parameter

445326
constant: true
units: 680491
value: 0.0212
name: i_up_max
type: Parameter

445113
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: alpha_m
type: Parameter

445035
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.1505
name: fL
type: Parameter

445185
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 0.0135
name: g_fK
type: Parameter

680407
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: SIEMENS
type: SBMLUnit

445215
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_NaCa
type: Parameter

445347
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 0.5832
name: Caup
type: Parameter

445029
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E
type: Parameter

445092
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: fT_infinity
type: Parameter

445287
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 561.4
name: K2no
type: Parameter

680563
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: JOULE
type: SBMLUnit

445134
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E
type: Parameter

680263
unit: 680299
unit: 680287
unit: 680275
name: per_millimolar_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

445002
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_tot
type: Parameter

445032
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

445188
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0287
name: y
type: Parameter

680491
unit: 680503
name: picoA
type: SBMLUnitsDef

680539
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

445323
constant: false
units: 680635
value: NaN
name: V_up
type: Parameter

445116
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: beta_m
type: Parameter

680479
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

445353
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 7.4994
name: Nai
type: Parameter

445281
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 4.663
name: K3no
type: Parameter

680611
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: COULOMB
type: SBMLUnit

445095
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_fT
type: Parameter

445251
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k12
type: Parameter

445221
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: x1
type: Parameter

445155
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.5682
name: x
type: Parameter

445074
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.001
name: dT
type: Parameter

445317
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_rel
type: Parameter

445041
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_fL
type: Parameter

680335
unit: 680347
name: per_millivolt
type: SBMLUnitsDef

680443
unit: 680479
unit: 680467
unit: 680455
name: picoA_per_millimolar
type: SBMLUnitsDef

680359
unit: 680383
unit: 680371
name: per_millivolt_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

445278
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 26.44
name: Kcni
type: Parameter

445260
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.4315
name: Qn
type: Parameter

680383
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

445248
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k43
type: Parameter

445374
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 140.0
name: Nab
type: Parameter

445227
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: x3
type: Parameter

444774
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0
type: Compartment

680239
unit: 680251
name: per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

445068
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_CaT
type: Parameter

445125
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0087
name: h
type: Parameter

445338
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.4
name: tau_tr
type: Parameter

445173
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_fNa
type: Parameter

680419
unit: 680431
name: nanoF
type: SBMLUnitsDef

445023
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: dL_infinity
type: Parameter

680575
exponent: -1.0
scale: 3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

445008
constant: false
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E_Na
type: Parameter

445146
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_KNa
type: Parameter

445299
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_bNa
type: Parameter

445089
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.1328
name: fT
type: Parameter

680251
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

445341
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 3.4E-5
name: Cai
type: Parameter

445080
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_dT
type: Parameter

445269
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 0.0207
name: Kci
type: Parameter

445359
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 140.0073
name: Ki
type: Parameter

445290
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 3.663
name: Kco
type: Parameter

444993
constant: true
units: 680599
value: 96485.3415
name: F
type: Parameter

445230
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: x4
type: Parameter

445194
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: beta_y
type: Parameter

680455
exponent: 1.0
scale: -12
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE
type: SBMLUnit

445218
constant: true
units: 680491
value: 4.0
name: kNaCa
type: Parameter

680623
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

445143
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_KK
type: Parameter

445200
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

445077
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: dT_infinity
type: Parameter

445110
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0139
name: m
type: Parameter

445257
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.1369
name: Qci
type: Parameter

445329
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 5.0E-4
name: KmCaup
type: Parameter

680527
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

445311
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_up
type: Parameter

445038
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: fL_infinity
type: Parameter

445104
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_Na
type: Parameter

445191
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: alpha_y
type: Parameter

680299
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

445296
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: di
type: Parameter

445119
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E
type: Parameter

445137
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

445047
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

445344
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 2.0004
name: Cao
type: Parameter

445356
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 139.9929
name: Nao
type: Parameter

445182
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 0.0081
name: g_fNa
type: Parameter

445179
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 10.3
name: Kmf
type: Parameter

445242
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k21
type: Parameter

445005
constant: false
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E_Ca
type: Parameter

445158
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: x_infinity
type: Parameter

680371
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

680587
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: KELVIN
type: SBMLUnit

445263
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: Qco
type: Parameter

445086
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

680287
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

445302
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 2.4E-4
name: g_Nab
type: Parameter

445056
constant: true
units: 680263
value: 40000.0
name: beta_fL2
type: Parameter

445011
constant: false
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E_K
type: Parameter

445164
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E
type: Parameter

445362
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 5.4243
name: Ko
type: Parameter

445236
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k34
type: Parameter

444999
constant: true
units: 680419
value: 3.2E-5
name: C
type: Parameter

445239
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k23
type: Parameter

445206
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 40.0
name: KmNa
type: Parameter

445131
constant: false
units: 680239
value: NaN
name: beta_h
type: Parameter

445212
constant: true
units: 680491
value: 0.226
name: i_pmax
type: Parameter

445122
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

680635
unit: 680647
name: microlitre
type: SBMLUnitsDef

444990
constant: true
units: kelvin
value: 310.0
name: T
type: Parameter

445245
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k32
type: Parameter

445065
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

680551
unit: 680587
unit: 680575
unit: 680563
name: joule_per_kilomole_kelvin
type: SBMLUnitsDef

680467
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

445161
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_x
type: Parameter

680311
unit: 680323
name: millivolt
type: SBMLUnitsDef

445284
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 1628.0
name: K1no
type: Parameter

445059
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E
type: Parameter

445149
constant: true
units: 680443
value: 2.6E-4
name: Kk
type: Parameter

445107
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 0.25
name: g_Na
type: Parameter

445332
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 0.001
name: KmCarel
type: Parameter

445026
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.002
name: tau_dL
type: Parameter

445050
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.219
name: fL2
type: Parameter

445209
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 1.0
name: KmK
type: Parameter

445377
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 2.0
name: Cab
type: Parameter

680515
unit: 680539
unit: 680527
name: millimolar
type: SBMLUnitsDef

445308
constant: true
units: 680443
value: 7.0E-5
name: KbK
type: Parameter

445071
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 0.085
name: g_CaT
type: Parameter

680599
unit: 680623
unit: 680611
name: coulomb_per_mole
type: SBMLUnitsDef

680647
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

445368
constant: false
units: 680635
value: NaN
name: V_e
type: Parameter

445098
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E
type: Parameter

680275
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

445275
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 2.289
name: K2ni
type: Parameter

445254
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: k14
type: Parameter

680503
exponent: 1.0
scale: -12
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE
type: SBMLUnit

445170
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_f
type: Parameter

445017
constant: true
units: 680395
value: 0.4
name: g_CaL
type: Parameter

444987
constant: true
units: 680551
value: 8314.472
name: R
type: Parameter

445350
constant: false
units: 680515
value: 0.1101
name: Carel
type: Parameter

445152
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.035
name: P_KNa
type: Parameter

445101
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

445380
constant: true
units: 680515
value: 5.4
name: Kb
type: Parameter

445314
constant: false
units: 680491
value: NaN
name: i_tr
type: Parameter

445197
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E
type: Parameter

445224
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: x2
type: Parameter

445044
constant: true
units: 680311
value: NaN
name: E
type: Parameter