293072
constant: false
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: tau_f
type: Parameter

292982
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_Na
type: Parameter

653153
unit: 653178
unit: 653165
name: mS_per_mm2
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293086
constant: true
units: 653313
value: NaN
name: Cai
type: Parameter

293088
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_K
type: Parameter

293172
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_ns_Na
type: Parameter

293022
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_CaK
type: Parameter

653080
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

293032
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Ko
type: Parameter

293186
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: EnsCa
type: Parameter

653227
unit: 653252
unit: 653239
name: uA_per_mm2
type: SBMLUnitsDef

653264
unit: 653300
unit: 653288
unit: 653276
name: mM_per_ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293230
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 15.0
name: Ca_NSR_max
type: Parameter

MODEL0912160003
parameter: 293240
rule: 292909
length unit: 027038
parameter: 293204
parameter: 293110
parameter: 293142
rule: 292891
parameter: 293198
parameter: 293136
parameter: 293028
rule: 292841
parameter: 293238
parameter: 293036
units def: 653227
parameter: 293130
rule: 292825
parameter: 293226
parameter: 293024
notes: This a model from the article: A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. I. Simulations of ionic currents and concentration changes. Luo CH, Rudy Y. Circ Res 1994 Jun;74(6):1071-96 7514509 , Abstract: A mathematical model of the cardiac ventricular action potential is presented. In our previous work, the membrane Na+ current and K+ currents were formulated. The present article focuses on processes that regulate intracellular Ca2+ and depend on its concentration. The model presented here for the mammalian ventricular action potential is based mostly on the guinea pig ventricular cell. However, it provides the framework for modeling other types of ventricular cells with appropriate modifications made to account for species differences. The following processes are formulated: Ca2+ current through the L-type channel (ICa), the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, Ca2+ release and uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), buffering of Ca2+ in the SR and in the myoplasm, a Ca2+ pump in the sarcolemma, the Na(+)-K+ pump, and a nonspecific Ca(2+)-activated membrane current. Activation of ICa is an order of magnitude faster than in previous models. Inactivation of ICa depends on both the membrane voltage and [Ca2+]i. SR is divided into two subcompartments, a network SR (NSR) and a junctional SR (JSR). Functionally, Ca2+ enters the NSR and translocates to the JSR following a monoexponential function. Release of Ca2+ occurs at JSR and can be triggered by two different mechanisms, Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release and spontaneous release. The model provides the basis for the study of arrhythmogenic activity of the single myocyte including afterdepolarizations and triggered activity. It can simulate cellular responses under different degrees of Ca2+ overload. Such simulations are presented in our accompanying article in this issue of Circulation Research. This model was taken from the CellML repository and automatically converted to SBML. The original model was: Luo CH, Rudy Y. (…
units def: 653092
parameter: 292986
parameter: 293166
parameter: 293248
rule: 292845
rule: 292961
type: SBMLModel
parameter: 293256
parameter: 293098
rule: 292865
parameter: 293192
rule: 292818
parameter: 293154
rule: 292857
parameter: 292982
rule: 292885
parameter: 293162
parameter: 293244
rule: 292877
parameter: 293120
parameter: 293138
parameter: 293094
parameter: 292990
parameter: 293146
rule: 292838
rule: 292869
rule: 292897
parameter: 293150
rule: 292915
rule: 292907
parameter: 293068
parameter: 293196
parameter: 293134
rule: 292927
rule: 292921
units def: 653116
parameter: 292998
rule: 292851
parameter: 293012
rule: 292939
parameter: 293210
parameter: 292984
parameter: 293050
parameter: 293164
parameter: 293102
rule: 292812
rule: 292941
parameter: 293158
parameter: 293108
units def: 653470
volume units: 970346
rule: 292871
parameter: 293080
parameter: 293000
rule: 292959
parameter: 292994
parameter: 293088
parameter: 293152
rule: 292889
rule: 292824
parameter: 292980

293134
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_Kp
type: Parameter

293144
constant: true
units: 653227
value: 0.0115
name: I_pCa
type: Parameter

293220
constant: true
units: 652960
value: 180.0
name: tau_tr
type: Parameter

293104
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

293258
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0552
name: V_NSR
type: Parameter

652960
unit: 652972
name: ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293048
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.34
name: gamma_Cao
type: Parameter

653129
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

293070
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_infinity
type: Parameter

293248
constant: false
units: 653313
value: 1.8
name: Ca_JSR
type: Parameter

292980
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: IStimC
type: Parameter

653361
exponent: 1.0
scale: -12
multipler: 1.0
kind: JOULE
type: SBMLUnit

293074
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

293084
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

653165
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SIEMENS
type: SBMLUnit

292970
constant: true
units: kelvin
value: 310.0
name: T
type: Parameter

293020
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_CaCa
type: Parameter

653092
unit: 653104
name: per_mV
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293170
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_ns_Ca
type: Parameter

653068
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

293174
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_ns_K
type: Parameter

653421
exponent: -1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

293034
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_CaCa
type: Parameter

293184
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: Vns
type: Parameter

293146
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_Na_b
type: Parameter

293132
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_Kp
type: Parameter

293232
constant: true
units: 653313
value: NaN
name: delta_Ca_i2
type: Parameter

293008
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: j
type: Parameter

292990
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_m
type: Parameter

653276
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

653215
exponent: -2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

293106
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

652972
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

293246
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 5.4
name: Ko
type: Parameter

293196
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.1
name: K_sat
type: Parameter

653104
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

292972
constant: true
units: 653397
value: 96845.0
name: F
type: Parameter

293082
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

653178
exponent: -2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

292986
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 0.16
name: g_Na
type: Parameter

292988
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: m
type: Parameter

292807
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0
type: Compartment

293176
constant: true
units: 653434
value: 1.75E-9
name: P_ns_Ca
type: Parameter

293212
constant: true
units: 652984
value: 60.0
name: G_rel_max
type: Parameter

293062
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

653434
unit: 653458
unit: 653446
name: mm_per_ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

652984
unit: 652996
name: per_ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293138
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: Kp
type: Parameter

293234
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 1.8E-4
name: delta_Ca_ith
type: Parameter

293128
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

293118
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 0.0075
name: g_K1_max
type: Parameter

293224
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 9.2E-4
name: K_mup
type: Parameter

653506
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

293148
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 1.41E-5
name: g_Nab
type: Parameter

293254
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.68
name: V_myo
type: Parameter

293244
constant: false
units: 653313
value: 145.0
name: Ki
type: Parameter

293168
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: sigma
type: Parameter

653203
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD
type: SBMLUnit

293080
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 6.0E-4
name: Km_Ca
type: Parameter

293158
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_NaK
type: Parameter

293108
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: Xi
type: Parameter

292974
constant: false
units: 653056
value: NaN
name: dV_dt
type: Parameter

293198
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.35
name: eta
type: Parameter

293010
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_j
type: Parameter

292984
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_Na
type: Parameter

653116
unit: 653141
unit: 653129
name: per_mV_ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293178
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_ns_Na
type: Parameter

293188
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_NaCa
type: Parameter

293030
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Ki
type: Parameter

293200
constant: false
units: 653264
value: NaN
name: i_rel
type: Parameter

293050
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: d
type: Parameter

293210
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: G_rel_peak
type: Parameter

293060
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

293236
constant: false
units: 653313
value: 10.0
name: Nai
type: Parameter

293136
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 1.83E-4
name: g_Kp
type: Parameter

652996
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

653458
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

653446
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

293116
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_K1
type: Parameter

293222
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 8.0E-4
name: K_mrel
type: Parameter

653252
exponent: -2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

293242
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 1.8
name: Cao
type: Parameter

293256
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0048
name: V_JSR
type: Parameter

293156
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_CaN
type: Parameter

293090
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 0.00282
name: g_K_max
type: Parameter

653020
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

293012
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_j
type: Parameter

293228
constant: true
units: 653264
value: 0.005
name: I_up
type: Parameter

293002
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_h
type: Parameter

293114
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_K1
type: Parameter

293190
constant: true
units: 653227
value: 20.0
name: K_NaCa
type: Parameter

293124
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_K1
type: Parameter

293238
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 140.0
name: Nao
type: Parameter

653288
exponent: -3.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

293164
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 10.0
name: K_mNai
type: Parameter

293240
constant: false
units: 653313
value: 1.2E-4
name: Cai
type: Parameter

293054
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_d
type: Parameter

293216
constant: true
units: 652960
value: 2.0
name: tau_off
type: Parameter

292978
constant: true
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_st
type: Parameter

653397
unit: 653421
unit: 653409
name: faradays_constant_units
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293154
constant: true
units: 653153
value: 3.016E-5
name: g_Cab
type: Parameter

293040
constant: true
units: 653434
value: 5.4E-6
name: P_Ca
type: Parameter

293202
constant: false
units: 653264
value: NaN
name: i_up
type: Parameter

293250
constant: false
units: 653313
value: 1.8
name: Ca_NSR
type: Parameter

653482
exponent: 2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

292996
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

293068
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_f
type: Parameter

293092
constant: false
units: 653153
value: NaN
name: g_K
type: Parameter

292967
constant: false
units: 653032
value: -84.624
name: V
type: Parameter

653349
unit: 653385
unit: 653373
unit: 653361
name: gas_constant_units
type: SBMLUnitsDef

653032
unit: 653044
name: mV
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293028
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Nao
type: Parameter

653409
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: COULOMB
type: SBMLUnit

293226
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: K_leak
type: Parameter

293112
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

293000
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_h
type: Parameter

293126
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_K1
type: Parameter

293014
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

293214
constant: true
units: 652960
value: 2.0
name: tau_on
type: Parameter

293052
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_d
type: Parameter

293166
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 1.5
name: K_mKo
type: Parameter

293152
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_b
type: Parameter

293252
constant: true
units: 653008
value: 200.0
name: Am
type: Parameter

293204
constant: false
units: 653264
value: NaN
name: i_leak
type: Parameter

293042
constant: true
units: 653434
value: 6.75E-9
name: P_Na
type: Parameter

292976
constant: true
units: 653190
value: 0.01
name: Cm
type: Parameter

292998
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: h
type: Parameter

653008
unit: 653020
name: per_mm
type: SBMLUnitsDef

653494
unit: 653506
name: time
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293094
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_K
type: Parameter

293026
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gamma_Nai
type: Parameter

293100
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_X
type: Parameter

653300
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

293036
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_CaK
type: Parameter

293016
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

293110
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

293180
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_ns_K
type: Parameter

653337
exponent: -3.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

293120
constant: false
units: 653153
value: NaN
name: g_K1
type: Parameter

653044
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

293006
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

293044
constant: true
units: 653434
value: 1.93E-9
name: P_K
type: Parameter

293206
constant: false
units: 653264
value: NaN
name: i_tr
type: Parameter

293150
constant: false
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: E_NaN
type: Parameter

653190
unit: 653215
unit: 653203
name: uF_per_mm2
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293058
constant: false
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: tau_d
type: Parameter

293194
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 1.38
name: K_mCa
type: Parameter

292968
constant: true
units: 653349
value: 8314.5
name: R
type: Parameter

293160
constant: true
units: 653227
value: 0.015
name: I_NaK
type: Parameter

293096
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.01833
name: PR_NaK
type: Parameter

293078
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_Ca
type: Parameter

293140
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_p_Ca
type: Parameter

653373
exponent: -1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

292992
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_m
type: Parameter

293064
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: f
type: Parameter

653141
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

293130
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

293024
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_CaNa
type: Parameter

293102
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: beta_X
type: Parameter

293038
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: I_CaNa
type: Parameter

653325
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

653056
unit: 653080
unit: 653068
name: mV_per_ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293018
constant: false
units: 653227
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_L
type: Parameter

653239
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE
type: SBMLUnit

293004
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

293122
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: K1_infinity
type: Parameter

653313
unit: 653337
unit: 653325
name: mM
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293192
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 87.5
name: K_mNa
type: Parameter

293162
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_NaK
type: Parameter

293056
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: d_infinity
type: Parameter

293218
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: t_CICR
type: Parameter

293046
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: gamma_Cai
type: Parameter

653470
unit: 653482
name: mm2
type: SBMLUnitsDef

293182
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 0.0012
name: K_m_ns_Ca
type: Parameter

293098
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: X
type: Parameter

293076
constant: true
units: 652960
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

653385
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: KELVIN
type: SBMLUnit

293142
constant: true
units: 653313
value: 5.0E-4
name: K_mpCa
type: Parameter

293208
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: G_rel
type: Parameter

293066
constant: false
units: 652984
value: NaN
name: alpha_f
type: Parameter

292994
constant: true
units: 653032
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter