592959
constant: false
units: 438402
value: 1.06874246141923E-23
name: Rel
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437918
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

592899
constant: true
units: 437991
value: 0.433
name: GKsmax
type: Parameter

438402
unit: 438438
unit: 438426
unit: 438414
name: mM_per_ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592790
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 1.8
name: Ca_o
type: Parameter

592781
constant: true
units: 438220
value: 96485.0
name: F
type: Parameter

592818
constant: true
units: 437906
value: 0.0
name: stim_offset
type: Parameter

438172
unit: 438208
unit: 438196
unit: 438184
name: mJ_per_mole_K
type: SBMLUnitsDef

438692
unit: 438704
name: time
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592921
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.15
name: gammas
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438015
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multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD
type: SBMLUnit

592911
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 1.5
name: kmko
type: Parameter

592858
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 6.0E-4
name: kmca
type: Parameter

592998
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 0.05
name: cmdnbar
type: Parameter

592879
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ilcak
type: Parameter

438668
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scale: 0
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kind: FARAD
type: SBMLUnit

592960
constant: false
units: 438402
value: NaN
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type: Parameter

438087
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scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

592791
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units: 438051
value: -89.4356034692784
name: V
type: Parameter

592837
constant: false
units: 437930
value: NaN
name: bj
type: Parameter

438365
unit: 438389
unit: 438377
name: mM4
type: SBMLUnitsDef

437942
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scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
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592948
constant: false
units: 437906
value: NaN
name: taug
type: Parameter

592920
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0E-4
name: c2
type: Parameter

592971
constant: false
units: 438257
value: NaN
name: Ca_JSR_free
type: Parameter

592857
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.341
name: gacao
type: Parameter

592999
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 0.07
name: trpnbar
type: Parameter

592900
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0285147332973946
name: xs1
type: Parameter

592989
constant: false
units: 438257
value: 16.612739313555
name: Na_i
type: Parameter

592930
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ipca
type: Parameter

592897
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ikr
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438414
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scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
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438160
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scale: -2
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

592947
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units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: aa
type: Parameter

437906
unit: 437918
name: ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592972
constant: false
units: 438257
value: NaN
name: bbb
type: Parameter

592933
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: icab
type: Parameter

438003
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scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SIEMENS
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438680
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scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

592986
constant: true
units: 437906
value: 120.0
name: tautr
type: Parameter

592849
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: dss1
type: Parameter

438353
exponent: -3.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

437930
unit: 437942
name: per_ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592839
constant: false
units: 437930
value: NaN
name: am
type: Parameter

438075
unit: 438087
name: per_mV
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592782
constant: true
units: 438172
value: 8314.0
name: R
type: Parameter

592819
constant: true
units: 437906
value: 400.0
name: stim_period
type: Parameter

438450
unit: 438486
unit: 438474
unit: 438462
name: mM_per_mV
type: SBMLUnitsDef

438269
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scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

592912
constant: true
units: 437954
value: 2.25
name: ibarnak
type: Parameter

592878
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ilcana
type: Parameter

438208
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: KELVIN
type: SBMLUnit

592932
constant: true
units: 437991
value: 0.003016
name: gcab
type: Parameter

592987
constant: false
units: 438402
value: NaN
name: itr
type: Parameter

592869
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gako
type: Parameter

592809
constant: false
units: 438027
value: NaN
name: vmito
type: Parameter

592785
constant: false
units: 438075
value: NaN
name: FonRT
type: Parameter

592834
constant: false
units: 437930
value: NaN
name: bH
type: Parameter

438510
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

438039
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

592885
constant: false
units: 437930
value: NaN
name: bk1
type: Parameter

438474
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

592945
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: gss
type: Parameter

592974
constant: false
units: 438293
value: NaN
name: c
type: Parameter

592848
constant: false
units: 437906
value: NaN
name: taud
type: Parameter

438123
unit: 438135
name: cm
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592984
constant: false
units: 438402
value: NaN
name: ileak
type: Parameter

592935
constant: true
units: 437991
value: 0.004
name: GNab
type: Parameter

592875
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: fca
type: Parameter

438426
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

592833
constant: false
units: 437930
value: NaN
name: aH
type: Parameter

592784
constant: true
units: kelvin
value: 310.0
name: Temp
type: Parameter

592944
constant: false
units: 437906
value: NaN
name: taub
type: Parameter

592995
constant: false
units: 438257
value: 2.71518235696672
name: Ca_NSR
type: Parameter

592975
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 0.8
name: kmcsqn
type: Parameter

592965
constant: false
units: 438450
value: NaN
name: alpha_Rel
type: Parameter

592872
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ibarna
type: Parameter

592954
constant: false
units: 438051
value: NaN
name: EK
type: Parameter

592807
constant: false
units: 438027
value: NaN
name: vmyo
type: Parameter

438063
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

592876
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ilca
type: Parameter

438462
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

438389
exponent: -4.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

592924
constant: true
units: 437991
value: 0.00552
name: GKpmax
type: Parameter

592836
constant: false
units: 437930
value: NaN
name: aj
type: Parameter

438111
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD
type: SBMLUnit

438522
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

592846
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: dss0
type: Parameter

438027
unit: 438039
name: uL
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592873
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ibark
type: Parameter

592957
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.01833
name: prnak
type: Parameter

592962
constant: false
units: 437906
value: NaN
name: tau_Rel
type: Parameter

592806
constant: false
units: 438596
value: NaN
name: AF
type: Parameter

592996
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0E-12
name: Over
type: Parameter

592923
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: inaca
type: Parameter

592787
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 4.5
name: K_o
type: Parameter

438438
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

592887
constant: false
units: 437991
value: NaN
name: gK1
type: Parameter

592977
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 10.0
name: csqnbar
type: Parameter

592942
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: bss
type: Parameter

592860
constant: true
units: 438644
value: 5.4E-4
name: pca
type: Parameter

592845
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.997404948824816
name: f
type: Parameter

592983
constant: false
units: 438402
value: NaN
name: iup
type: Parameter

592963
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 1.0
name: K_Relss
type: Parameter

592956
constant: false
units: 438051
value: NaN
name: EKs
type: Parameter

592870
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ibarca
type: Parameter

438377
exponent: 4.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

592936
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: inab
type: Parameter

592788
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 140.0
name: Na_o
type: Parameter

438051
unit: 438063
name: mV
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592888
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: IK1
type: Parameter

592938
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 9.27461915392873E-4
name: b
type: Parameter

592803
constant: false
units: 438148
value: NaN
name: ageo
type: Parameter

592908
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: iks
type: Parameter

592830
constant: true
units: 437991
value: 16.0
name: GNa
type: Parameter

592918
constant: true
units: 437954
value: 2.5E-4
name: c1
type: Parameter

592951
constant: false
units: 438051
value: NaN
name: ENa
type: Parameter

438572
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD
type: SBMLUnit

593004
constant: false
units: 438257
value: NaN
name: bmyo
type: Parameter

592864
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: ganao
type: Parameter

592993
constant: false
units: 438257
value: 7.87371650296567
name: Ca_JSR_T
type: Parameter

592884
constant: false
units: 437930
value: NaN
name: ak1
type: Parameter

592968
constant: true
units: 438498
value: 0.125
name: kappa
type: Parameter

438220
unit: 438244
unit: 438232
name: C_per_mole
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592941
constant: true
units: 437991
value: 0.05
name: gcat
type: Parameter

592978
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 9.2E-4
name: kmup
type: Parameter

592894
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: xrss
type: Parameter

438148
unit: 438160
name: cm2
type: SBMLUnitsDef

438099
unit: 438111
name: uF
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592939
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.952834331760863
name: g
type: Parameter

592909
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 10.0
name: kmnai
type: Parameter

592804
constant: false
units: 438099
value: NaN
name: Acap
type: Parameter

592799
constant: true
units: 438123
value: 0.0011
name: ra
type: Parameter

438232
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: COULOMB
type: SBMLUnit

592950
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: icat
type: Parameter

592929
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 5.0E-4
name: kmpca
type: Parameter

592810
constant: false
units: 438027
value: NaN
name: vsr
type: Parameter

592992
constant: false
units: 438257
value: 0.0257059808595638
name: Ca_T
type: Parameter

592863
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: ganai
type: Parameter

438534
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

438135
exponent: 1.0
scale: -2
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

592969
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 9.0
name: qn
type: Parameter

592843
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 3.2514786721066E-27
name: d
type: Parameter

438498
unit: 438546
unit: 438534
unit: 438522
unit: 438510
name: mM_per_mV_ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592824
constant: false
units: 437906
value: NaN
name: past
type: Parameter

592893
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: r
type: Parameter

438620
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

592906
constant: false
units: 437906
value: NaN
name: tauxs
type: Parameter

592926
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ikp
type: Parameter

437978
exponent: -1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD
type: SBMLUnit

593002
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 5.0E-4
name: kmtrpn
type: Parameter

592953
constant: false
units: 438051
value: NaN
name: ECa
type: Parameter

592842
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: ina
type: Parameter

592882
constant: false
units: 437991
value: NaN
name: GK1_
type: Parameter

592966
constant: true
units: 437906
value: 4.75
name: tau
type: Parameter

438608
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD
type: SBMLUnit

592852
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: fss
type: Parameter

592796
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: kiont
type: Parameter

592821
constant: true
units: 437906
value: 3.0
name: stim_duration
type: Parameter

592896
constant: false
units: 437906
value: NaN
name: tauxr
type: Parameter

592779
constant: true
units: 437906
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

592927
constant: true
units: 437954
value: 1.15
name: ibarpca
type: Parameter

593001
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 0.00238
name: kmcmdn
type: Parameter

438632
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: COULOMB
type: SBMLUnit

592990
constant: false
units: 438257
value: 139.730914103161
name: K_i
type: Parameter

592861
constant: true
units: 438644
value: 6.75E-7
name: pna
type: Parameter

592812
constant: false
units: 438027
value: NaN
name: vnsr
type: Parameter

592881
constant: true
units: 437991
value: 0.75
name: GK1max
type: Parameter

438584
exponent: -2.0
scale: -2
multipler: 1.0
kind: METRE
type: SBMLUnit

438546
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

592797
constant: true
units: 438123
value: 0.01
name: l
type: Parameter

592822
constant: true
units: 437954
value: -15.0
name: stim_amplitude
type: Parameter

592851
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: dss
type: Parameter

438293
unit: 438317
unit: 438305
name: mM2
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592831
constant: false
units: 437930
value: NaN
name: a
type: Parameter

438486
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

592840
constant: false
units: 437930
value: NaN
name: bm
type: Parameter

592854
constant: false
units: 437906
value: NaN
name: tauf
type: Parameter

438559
unit: 438584
unit: 438572
name: uF_per_cm2
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592914
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: fnak
type: Parameter

437991
unit: 438015
unit: 438003
name: mS_per_uF
type: SBMLUnitsDef

437966
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE
type: SBMLUnit

592827
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 7.34780346592185E-4
name: m
type: Parameter

592794
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: naiont
type: Parameter

592890
constant: true
units: 437991
value: 0.02614
name: gkrmax
type: Parameter

593008
constant: false
units: 438257
value: NaN
name: Ca_i
type: Parameter

592813
constant: false
units: 438027
value: NaN
name: vjsr
type: Parameter

438596
unit: 438632
unit: 438620
unit: 438608
name: uF_mole_per_C
type: SBMLUnitsDef

438281
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

592867
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.75
name: gaki
type: Parameter

438644
unit: 438680
unit: 438668
unit: 438656
name: L_per_F_ms
type: SBMLUnitsDef

438329
unit: 438353
unit: 438341
name: mM3
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592905
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: xss
type: Parameter

592800
constant: false
units: 438027
value: NaN
name: vcell
type: Parameter

592915
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: sigma
type: Parameter

MODEL0406270966
rule: 592664
units def: 438498
parameter: 592923
parameter: 592881
parameter: 592818
parameter: 592845
rule: 592655
parameter: 592799
rule: 592769
units def: 437930
parameter: 592796
is described by: http://identifiers.org/pubmed/17277017
parameter: 592995
parameter: 592975
parameter: 592879
parameter: 592972
rule: 592685
parameter: 592809
rule: 592660
rule: 592649
parameter: 592908
rule: 592703
parameter: 593004
rule: 592765
parameter: 592939
parameter: 592857
parameter: 592839
rule: 592760
rule: 592745
parameter: 592821
parameter: 592987
rule: 592724
rule: 592654
parameter: 592984
rule: 592693
rule: 592645
parameter: 592878
time units: 438692
parameter: 592971
parameter: 592980
parameter: 592894
rule: 592696
rule: 592739
rule: 592661
rule: 592775
units def: 438559
rule: 592766
rule: 592699
parameter: 592978
parameter: 592902
rule: 592676
parameter: 592872
parameter: 592833
rule: 592667
parameter: 592840
rule: 592732
substance units: substance
parameter: 592983
rule: 592639
parameter: 592992
parameter: 592963
rule: 592771
parameter: 592960
rule: 592700
rule: 592672
rule: 592777
rule: 592715
compartment: 592629
parameter: 592785
parameter: 592977
rule: 592636
rule: 592751
type: SBMLModel
parameter: 592927
parameter: 592954
parameter: 592852
units def: 438644
notes: This a model from the article: Regulation of Ca2+ and electrical alternans in cardiac myocytes: role of CAMKII and repolarizing currents. Livshitz LM, Rudy Y. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Jun;292(6):H2854-66. 17277017 , Abstract: Alternans of cardiac repolarization is associated with arrhythmias and sudden death. At the cellular level, alternans involves beat-to-beat oscillation of the action potential (AP) and possibly Ca(2+) transient (CaT). Because of experimental difficulty in independently controlling the Ca(2+) and electrical subsystems, mathematical modeling provides additional insights into mechanisms and causality. Pacing protocols were conducted in a canine ventricular myocyte model with the following results: 1) CaT alternans results from refractoriness of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release system; alternation of the L-type calcium current has a negligible effect; 2) CaT-AP coupling during late AP occurs through the sodium-calcium exchanger and underlies AP duration (APD) alternans; 3) increased Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity extends the range of CaT and APD alternans to slower frequencies and increases alternans magnitude; its decrease suppresses CaT and APD alternans, exerting an antiarrhythmic effect; and 4) increase of the rapid delayed rectifier current (I(Kr)) also suppresses APD alternans but without suppressing CaT alternans. Thus CaMKII inhibition eliminates APD alternans by eliminating its cause (CaT alternans) while I(Kr) enhancement does so by weakening CaT-APD coupling. The simulations identify combined CaMKII inhibition and I(Kr) enhancement as a possible antiarrhythmic intervention. This model was taken from the CellML repository and automatically converted to SBML. The original model was: Livshitz LM, Rudy Y. (2007) - version01 The original CellML model was created by: Noble, Penny, penny.noble@dpag.ox.ac.uk The University of Oxford This model originates from BioModels Database: A Database o…
units def: 438692
units def: 438123

438196
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scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

593007
constant: false
units: 438329
value: NaN
name: dmyo
type: Parameter

592828
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.996100688673679
name: J
type: Parameter

592866
constant: true
units: 438644
value: 1.93E-7
name: pk
type: Parameter

592902
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0764114040188678
name: xs2
type: Parameter

592981
constant: true
units: 438257
value: 15.0
name: nsrbar
type: Parameter

438257
unit: 438281
unit: 438269
name: mM
type: SBMLUnitsDef

592825
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.994401369032678
name: H
type: Parameter

592815
constant: false
units: 438027
value: NaN
name: vss
type: Parameter

437954
unit: 437978
unit: 437966
name: uA_per_uF
type: SBMLUnitsDef

438305
exponent: 2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

592629
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0
type: Compartment

438317
exponent: -2.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

593005
constant: false
units: 438293
value: NaN
name: cmyo
type: Parameter

438704
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

438656
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

592917
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: inak
type: Parameter

592903
constant: false
units: 437991
value: NaN
name: gks
type: Parameter

438341
exponent: 3.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

592855
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: gacai
type: Parameter

592980
constant: true
units: 438402
value: 0.00875
name: iupbar
type: Parameter

438184
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: JOULE
type: SBMLUnit

592891
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 1.62194715543637E-4
name: xr
type: Parameter

592793
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: caiont
type: Parameter

592816
constant: false
units: 437954
value: NaN
name: i_Stim
type: Parameter

438244
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit