645494
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.2
name: N_fb
type: Parameter

645548
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 0.00238
name: K_mCMDN
type: Parameter

645372
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

109499
unit: 109535
unit: 109523
unit: 109511
name: millijoule_per_mole_kelvin
type: SBMLUnitsDef

109158
unit: 109170
name: nanoA
type: SBMLUnitsDef

109303
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

645382
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_f_Na
type: Parameter

645432
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: sigma
type: Parameter

645484
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: Vmaxf
type: Parameter

109230
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

645412
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 8.015E-5
name: g_B_Na_normal
type: Parameter

645528
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 10.73519
name: Na_i
type: Parameter

645452
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 576.0
name: k_a_minus
type: Parameter

109511
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: JOULE
type: SBMLUnit

109218
unit: 109254
unit: 109242
unit: 109230
name: millimolar_per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

109413
unit: 109437
unit: 109425
name: millimolar_4
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645314
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 0.04375
name: g_t_normal
type: Parameter

645246
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.6729362
name: j
type: Parameter

109170
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE
type: SBMLUnit

645348
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

109584
unit: 109596
name: micro_litre
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645256
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_L
type: Parameter

645286
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.9999529
name: f_12
type: Parameter

645328
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

645334
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: s_infinity
type: Parameter

645472
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 3.0
name: m
type: Parameter

645296
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.9913102
name: Ca_inact
type: Parameter

645398
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645370
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: s_ss_infinity
type: Parameter

645384
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_f_K
type: Parameter

109146
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: FARAD
type: SBMLUnit

109315
unit: 109352
unit: 109339
unit: 109327
name: millimolar3_per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645420
constant: false
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: E_Ca
type: Parameter

645496
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: N_rb
type: Parameter

645482
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: rb
type: Parameter

645430
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 10.0
name: K_m_Na
type: Parameter

645410
constant: false
units: 109109
value: NaN
name: g_B_Na
type: Parameter

645400
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

109242
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

645244
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

645450
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 1.215E13
name: k_a_plus
type: Parameter

645258
constant: false
units: 109109
value: NaN
name: g_Ca_L
type: Parameter

109425
exponent: -4.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

109596
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

645440
constant: true
units: 109450
value: 9.984E-6
name: K_NaCa
type: Parameter

645270
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645470
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 4.0
name: n
type: Parameter

645208
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.0
name: Diabetes
type: Parameter

645346
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645326
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645508
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 0.1394301
name: HTRPNCa
type: Parameter

645358
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_r_ss
type: Parameter

645230
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_m
type: Parameter

645316
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: a
type: Parameter

645284
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

645298
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.009
name: tau_Ca_inact
type: Parameter

645460
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 0.8
name: k_c_minus
type: Parameter

645336
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645488
constant: true
units: 109218
value: 0.9
name: Vmaxr
type: Parameter

645210
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.1
name: stim_start
type: Parameter

645510
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 0.0051619
name: LTRPNCa
type: Parameter

645520
constant: true
units: 109266
value: 200000.0
name: k_htrpn_plus
type: Parameter

645422
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_NaK
type: Parameter

645498
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_tr
type: Parameter

645524
constant: true
units: 109266
value: 40000.0
name: k_ltrpn_plus
type: Parameter

644949
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0
type: Compartment

645438
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_NaCa
type: Parameter

645436
constant: true
units: 109158
value: 0.004
name: i_Ca_P_max
type: Parameter

109327
exponent: -3.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

109134
unit: 109146
name: microF
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645538
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 0.06600742
name: Ca_NSR
type: Parameter

645272
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

645252
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645324
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: r_infinity
type: Parameter

109389
exponent: 4.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

645338
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

645242
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645262
constant: true
units: 109036
value: 65.0
name: E_Ca_L
type: Parameter

645310
constant: false
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: E_K
type: Parameter

109049
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

645222
constant: false
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: E_Na
type: Parameter

645282
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645476
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 1.68E-4
name: K_fb
type: Parameter

109474
exponent: -4.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

645292
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645232
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645196
constant: false
units: 109036
value: -80.50146
name: V
type: Parameter

645562
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: beta_SS
type: Parameter

109194
exponent: 1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

109560
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: COULOMB
type: SBMLUnit

645462
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 4.327548E-4
name: P_O1
type: Parameter

645486
constant: true
units: 109218
value: 0.04
name: Vmaxf_normal
type: Parameter

645434
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_Ca_P
type: Parameter

645380
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_f
type: Parameter

645424
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_NaK_max
type: Parameter

645522
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 0.066
name: k_htrpn_minus
type: Parameter

109339
exponent: 3.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

645526
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 40.0
name: k_ltrpn_minus
type: Parameter

645536
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 0.06607948
name: Ca_JSR
type: Parameter

109036
unit: 109049
name: millivolt
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645360
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: r_ss_infinity
type: Parameter

645322
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_r
type: Parameter

MODEL8685104549
parameter: 645424
rule: 645089
parameter: 645556
rule: 644994
rule: 645095
parameter: 645398
parameter: 645328
units def: 109450
notes: This a model from the article: A mathematical model of the electrophysiological alterations in rat ventricular myocytes in type-I diabetes. Pandit SV, Giles WR, Demir SS. Biophys J. 2003;84(2 Pt 1):832-41. 12547767 , Abstract: Our mathematical model of the rat ventricular myocyte (Pandit et al., 2001) was utilized to explore the ionic mechanism(s) that underlie the altered electrophysiological characteristics associated with the short-term model of streptozotocin-induced, type-I diabetes. The simulations show that the observed reductions in the Ca(2+)-independent transient outward K(+) current (I(t)) and the steady-state outward K(+) current (I(ss)), along with slowed inactivation of the L-type Ca(2+) current (I(CaL)), can result in the prolongation of the action potential duration, a well-known experimental finding. In addition, the model demonstrates that the slowed reactivation kinetics of I(t) in diabetic myocytes can account for the more pronounced rate-dependent action potential duration prolongation in diabetes, and that a decrease in the electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump current (I(NaK)) results in a small depolarization in the resting membrane potential (V(rest)). This depolarization reduces the availability of the Na(+) channels (I(Na)), thereby resulting in a slower upstroke (dV/dt(max)) of the diabetic action potential. Additional simulations suggest that a reduction in the magnitude of I(CaL), in combination with impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum uptake can lead to a decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load. These factors contribute to characteristic abnormal [Ca(2+)](i) homeostasis (reduced peak systolic value and rate of decay) in myocytes from diabetic animals. In combination, these simulation results provide novel information and integrative insights concerning plausible ionic mechanisms for the observed changes in cardiac repolarization and excitation-contraction coupling in rat ventricular myocytes in the setting of streptozotocin-induced, type-I dia…
rule: 645175
parameter: 645246
parameter: 645480
parameter: 645332
parameter: 645202
parameter: 645542
parameter: 645248
parameter: 645334
rule: 644960
parameter: 645412
parameter: 645544
parameter: 645204
rule: 645179
rule: 645047
parameter: 645372
rule: 645187
rule: 645000
rule: 644954
parameter: 645234
parameter: 645518
parameter: 645320
rule: 644966
parameter: 645260
units def: 109182
parameter: 645520
parameter: 645236
parameter: 645322
parameter: 645566
rule: 644972
rule: 644984
rule: 645091
parameter: 645436
parameter: 645568
parameter: 645240
rule: 644974
is described by: http://identifiers.org/pubmed/12547767
rule: 644986
parameter: 645404
parameter: 645536
length unit: length
parameter: 645282
parameter: 645406
parameter: 645506
parameter: 645360
rule: 644978
parameter: 645308
parameter: 645258
parameter: 645492
parameter: 645344
parameter: 645198
rule: 645079
parameter: 645284
units def: 109218
parameter: 645508
parameter: 645214
parameter: 645448
parameter: 645346
parameter: 645216
parameter: 645512
rule: 644998
parameter: 645428
parameter: 645524
rule: 645141
parameter: 645560
parameter: 645270
parameter: 645430
curated: false
parameter: 645384
parameter: 645272
rule: 644980
parameter: 645352

645240
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_h
type: Parameter

645254
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

645260
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 0.0341
name: g_Ca_L_normal
type: Parameter

645274
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.9999529
name: f_11
type: Parameter

645312
constant: false
units: 109109
value: NaN
name: g_t
type: Parameter

109182
unit: 109206
unit: 109194
name: millimolar
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645198
constant: true
units: 109499
value: 8314.5
name: R
type: Parameter

645550
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 0.8
name: K_mCSQN
type: Parameter

109486
exponent: 4.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

645220
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_Na
type: Parameter

645474
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_up
type: Parameter

109572
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

645280
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: Diabetes
type: Parameter

645464
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 6.06254E-10
name: P_O2
type: Parameter

645234
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

645560
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: beta_i
type: Parameter

109401
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

645294
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

109121
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: SIEMENS
type: SBMLUnit

109450
unit: 109486
unit: 109474
unit: 109462
name: nanoA_millimolar_4
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645276
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_11_infinity
type: Parameter

109097
exponent: -2.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

645300
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: Ca_inact_infinity
type: Parameter

645200
constant: true
units: kelvin
value: 295.0
name: T
type: Parameter

645214
constant: true
units: second
value: 1.0
name: stim_period
type: Parameter

645266
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: d_infinity
type: Parameter

109377
exponent: -4.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

645466
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.6348229
name: P_C1
type: Parameter

109024
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

645546
constant: true
units: 109584
value: 1.2E-8
name: V_SS
type: Parameter

645340
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.6421196
name: s_slow
type: Parameter

645428
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 1.5
name: K_m_K
type: Parameter

645566
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 140.0
name: Na_o
type: Parameter

645502
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_trpn
type: Parameter

645236
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.6735613
name: h
type: Parameter

645352
constant: false
units: 109109
value: NaN
name: g_ss
type: Parameter

645362
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

645226
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.004164108
name: m
type: Parameter

645414
constant: false
units: 109109
value: NaN
name: g_B_Ca
type: Parameter

645552
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 1.5E-4
name: K_mEGTA
type: Parameter

645532
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 139.2751
name: K_i
type: Parameter

645512
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_HTRPNCa
type: Parameter

645320
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.002191519
name: r
type: Parameter

645446
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_rel
type: Parameter

645408
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_B_K
type: Parameter

645392
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.003578708
name: y
type: Parameter

109364
unit: 109401
unit: 109389
unit: 109377
name: millimolar4_per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

109547
unit: 109572
unit: 109560
name: coulomb_per_mole
type: SBMLUnitsDef

109462
exponent: 1.0
scale: -9
multipler: 1.0
kind: AMPERE
type: SBMLUnit

645278
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_f_11
type: Parameter

109437
exponent: 4.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

645250
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_j
type: Parameter

645202
constant: true
units: 109547
value: 96487.0
name: F
type: Parameter

645212
constant: true
units: second
value: 10.0
name: stim_end
type: Parameter

645264
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 2.171081E-6
name: d
type: Parameter

645448
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 1800.0
name: v1
type: Parameter

645290
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_f_12
type: Parameter

645426
constant: true
units: 109158
value: 0.08
name: i_NaK_max_normal
type: Parameter

645564
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: beta_JSR
type: Parameter

109012
unit: 109024
name: per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645468
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.3647471
name: P_C2
type: Parameter

645478
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 3.29
name: K_rb
type: Parameter

645364
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

645224
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 1.064
name: g_Na
type: Parameter

645350
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_ss
type: Parameter

645458
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 100.0
name: k_c_plus
type: Parameter

645416
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 3.24E-5
name: g_B_Ca_normal
type: Parameter

645554
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 0.05
name: CMDN_tot
type: Parameter

645514
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_LTRPNCa
type: Parameter

645534
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 8.737212E-5
name: Ca_ss
type: Parameter

109291
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

645544
constant: true
units: 109584
value: 5.04E-6
name: V_NSR
type: Parameter

109278
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

645406
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_B_Ca
type: Parameter

645238
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: h_infinity
type: Parameter

645500
constant: false
units: 109218
value: NaN
name: J_xfer
type: Parameter

645390
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_K
type: Parameter

645378
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 0.024
name: g_K1
type: Parameter

645306
constant: true
units: 109182
value: NaN
name: Ca_ss
type: Parameter

645304
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

109073
exponent: -1.0
scale: -3
multipler: 1.0
kind: VOLT
type: SBMLUnit

645218
constant: true
units: 109158
value: -0.6
name: stim_amplitude
type: Parameter

109535
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

645204
constant: true
units: 109134
value: 1.0E-4
name: Cm
type: Parameter

109266
unit: 109303
unit: 109291
unit: 109278
name: per_millimolar_per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645516
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 0.14
name: HTRPN_tot
type: Parameter

645556
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 15.0
name: CSQN_tot
type: Parameter

645330
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.9842542
name: s
type: Parameter

645418
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 1.38E-4
name: g_B_K
type: Parameter

645366
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.3142767
name: s_ss
type: Parameter

645356
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: 0.002907171
name: r_ss
type: Parameter

645506
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.0267
name: tau_xfer
type: Parameter

645344
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: s_slow_infinity
type: Parameter

109061
unit: 109073
name: per_millivolt
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645490
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: K_SR
type: Parameter

645376
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_K1
type: Parameter

645404
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_B_Na
type: Parameter

645542
constant: true
units: 109584
value: 5.6E-7
name: V_JSR
type: Parameter

645442
constant: true
units: 109413
value: 1.0E-4
name: d_NaCa
type: Parameter

109109
unit: 109121
name: microS
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645386
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 0.00145
name: g_f
type: Parameter

645396
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: y_infinity
type: Parameter

645480
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: fb
type: Parameter

645456
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 1930.0
name: k_b_minus
type: Parameter

645308
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_t
type: Parameter

645206
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_Stim
type: Parameter

645570
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 5.4
name: K_o
type: Parameter

645318
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: b
type: Parameter

645288
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: f_12_infinity
type: Parameter

109085
unit: 109097
name: per_millivolt2
type: SBMLUnitsDef

645216
constant: true
units: second
value: 0.005
name: stim_duration
type: Parameter

645268
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_d
type: Parameter

109206
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

645302
constant: true
units: 109036
value: NaN
name: V
type: Parameter

109523
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: KELVIN
type: SBMLUnit

645332
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_s
type: Parameter

645368
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_s_ss
type: Parameter

645518
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 0.07
name: LTRPN_tot
type: Parameter

109254
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

109352
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

645354
constant: true
units: 109109
value: 0.0077
name: g_ss_normal
type: Parameter

645504
constant: true
units: second
value: 5.747E-4
name: tau_tr
type: Parameter

645342
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_s_slow
type: Parameter

645402
constant: false
units: 109158
value: NaN
name: i_B
type: Parameter

645374
constant: true
units: second
value: NaN
name: time
type: Parameter

645394
constant: false
units: second
value: NaN
name: tau_y
type: Parameter

645444
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.5
name: gamma_NaCa
type: Parameter

645540
constant: true
units: 109584
value: 9.36E-6
name: V_myo
type: Parameter

645492
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 1.0
name: K_SR_normal
type: Parameter

645568
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 1.2
name: Ca_o
type: Parameter

645228
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: m_infinity
type: Parameter

645454
constant: true
units: 109012
value: 4.05E9
name: k_b_plus
type: Parameter

645530
constant: false
units: 109182
value: 7.901351E-5
name: Ca_i
type: Parameter

645388
constant: true
units: dimensionless
value: 0.2
name: f_Na
type: Parameter

645558
constant: true
units: 109182
value: 10.0
name: EGTA_tot
type: Parameter

645248
constant: false
units: dimensionless
value: NaN
name: j_infinity
type: Parameter