731202
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

202046
constant: true
value: 130.0
name: AF47
type: Parameter

202008
constant: false
value: NaN
name: R
type: Parameter

202080
constant: true
value: 0.005
name: PDE2
type: Parameter

202068
constant: true
value: 2.0
name: PDE4
type: Parameter

201987
constant: false
value: 0.042634499
name: Gs_beta_gamma
type: Parameter

202088
constant: false
value: 0.992583576
name: cAMP_cyt
type: Parameter

202016
constant: false
value: 0.083866891
name: Gs_alpha_GTP
type: Parameter

731288
unit: 731325
unit: 731313
unit: 731301
name: uM_per_sec
type: SBMLUnitsDef

202074
constant: true
value: 0.16
name: PDE4
type: Parameter

731325
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

201915
constant: true
value: 50.0
name: Km_PDE2
type: Parameter

202095
constant: true
value: 7.5E-15
name: J_cav_ecav
type: Parameter

201972
constant: false
value: NaN
name: LR
type: Parameter

202026
constant: false
value: 4.56548E-4
name: Gi_alpha_GDP
type: Parameter

201992
constant: true
value: 10.0
name: Gs_Total
type: Parameter

201905
constant: true
value: 0.386
name: K_L
type: Parameter

201966
constant: true
value: 0.05
name: k_act2
type: Parameter

201990
constant: false
value: NaN
name: Gs_alpha_beta_gamma
type: Parameter

731373
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

202047
constant: true
value: 130.0
name: MW_AC47
type: Parameter

202055
constant: true
value: 0.136
name: AC_47_cyt
type: Parameter

202007
constant: true
value: 0.633
name: R_Total
type: Parameter

201986
constant: false
value: 0.041983438
name: Gs_alpha_GTP
type: Parameter

202037
constant: true
value: 130.0
name: MW_AC56
type: Parameter

202017
constant: false
value: 0.084522918
name: Gs_beta_gamma
type: Parameter

202089
constant: false
value: NaN
name: V_cav
type: Parameter

202061
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_cav_PDE2_dt
type: Parameter

201971
constant: false
value: NaN
name: R
type: Parameter

202094
constant: true
value: 3.8E-11
name: V_cell
type: Parameter

201914
constant: true
value: 20.0
name: k_PDE2
type: Parameter

201975
constant: false
value: NaN
name: RG
type: Parameter

202056
constant: true
value: 130.0
name: AF47
type: Parameter

202029
constant: true
value: 1.0
name: Gi_Total
type: Parameter

201906
constant: true
value: 8.809
name: K_C
type: Parameter

201965
constant: true
value: 2.5
name: k_act1
type: Parameter

202001
constant: false
value: NaN
name: R
type: Parameter

201993
constant: false
value: 0.012644961
name: Gi_alpha_GTP
type: Parameter

202034
constant: true
value: 3.379
name: AC_56
type: Parameter

731227
unit: 731251
unit: 731239
name: per_uM
type: SBMLUnitsDef

201984
constant: true
value: 0.633
name: R_Total
type: Parameter

731313
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

731190
unit: 731215
unit: 731202
name: uM
type: SBMLUnitsDef

731251
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

202014
constant: true
value: 0.633
name: R_Total
type: Parameter

202076
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_cyt_PDE2_dt
type: Parameter

202086
constant: false
value: 1.092200547
name: cAMP_ecav
type: Parameter

202028
constant: false
value: NaN
name: Gi_alpha_beta_gamma
type: Parameter

202097
constant: true
value: 7.5E-14
name: J_cav_cyt
type: Parameter

202041
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_AC_47_ecav_dt
type: Parameter

202049
constant: true
value: 5000.0
name: ATP
type: Parameter

731385
unit: 731409
unit: 731397
name: liters_per_second
type: SBMLUnitsDef

201974
constant: false
value: NaN
name: LRG
type: Parameter

202020
constant: false
value: NaN
name: Gs_alpha_beta_gamma
type: Parameter

201964
constant: true
value: 1210.0
name: k_reas
type: Parameter

202035
constant: true
value: 500.0
name: AF56
type: Parameter

202067
constant: true
value: 5.6
name: PDE3
type: Parameter

201983
constant: false
value: NaN
name: RG
type: Parameter

201820
constant: true
units: litre
size: 1.0
spatial dimensions: 3.0
type: Compartment

731445
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

MODEL1006230117
parameter: 201902
rule: 201874
parameter: 201996
parameter: 202067
rule: 201829
rule: 201894
parameter: 202044
parameter: 201914
rule: 201862
parameter: 201971
parameter: 202079
rule: 201855
parameter: 202098
rule: 201876
parameter: 201923
parameter: 202007
rule: 201889
rule: 201882
rule: 201847
units def: 731263
parameter: 202056
rule: 201891
parameter: 201983
parameter: 202040
rule: 201864
parameter: 202019
parameter: 202025
parameter: 201989
units def: 731288
units def: 731227
parameter: 202068
parameter: 201995
parameter: 202052
rule: 201828
rule: 201837
parameter: 202037
parameter: 202061
name: Iancu2007_CardiacMyoscytes_cAMPsignaling
parameter: 202064
rule: 201888
parameter: 201978
parameter: 202049
parameter: 202073
volume units: 290956
rule: 201867
rule: 201880
parameter: 202085
parameter: 202029
parameter: 201921
parameter: 202011
parameter: 202097
parameter: 202004
parameter: 201968
parameter: 202058
notes: This a model from the article: Compartmentation of cAMP signaling in cardiac myocytes: a computational study. Iancu RV, Jones SW, Harvey RD. Biophys J 2007 May 1;92(9):3317-31 17293406 , Abstract: Receptor-mediated changes in cAMP production play an essential role in sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of the electrical, mechanical, and metabolic activity of cardiac myocytes. However, responses to receptor activation cannot be easily ascribed to a uniform increase or decrease in cAMP activity throughout the entire cell. In this study, we used a computational approach to test the hypothesis that in cardiac ventricular myocytes the effects of beta(1)-adrenergic receptor (beta(1)AR) and M(2) muscarinic receptor (M(2)R) activation involve compartmentation of cAMP. A model consisting of two submembrane (caveolar and extracaveolar) microdomains and one bulk cytosolic domain was created using published information on the location of beta(1)ARs and M(2)Rs, as well as the location of stimulatory (G(s)) and inhibitory (G(i)) G-proteins, adenylyl cyclase isoforms inhibited (AC5/6) and stimulated (AC4/7) by G(i), and multiple phosphodiesterase isoforms (PDE2, PDE3, and PDE4). Results obtained with the model indicate that: 1), bulk basal cAMP can be high ( approximately 1 microM) and only modestly stimulated by beta(1)AR activation ( approximately 2 microM), but caveolar cAMP varies in a range more appropriate for regulation of protein kinase A ( approximately 100 nM to approximately 2 microM); 2), M(2)R activation strongly reduces the beta(1)AR-induced increases in caveolar cAMP, with less effect on bulk cAMP; and 3), during weak beta(1)AR stimulation, M(2)R activation not only reduces caveolar cAMP, but also produces a rebound increase in caveolar cAMP following termination of M(2)R activity. We conclude that compartmentation of cAMP can provide a quantitative explanation for several aspects of cardiac signaling. This model was taken from the CellML repository and autom…
parameter: 202023
rule: 201877
parameter: 202016
rule: 201835
length unit: 821056
parameter: 202094
parameter: 201964
parameter: 202035
rule: 201897
parameter: 202028
rule: 201852
parameter: 202071
units def: 731385
rule: 201834
rule: 201859
rule: 201840
rule: 201861
parameter: 201903
rule: 201868
parameter: 201974
parameter: 202002
parameter: 201915
parameter: 201972
parameter: 202008
curated: false

ORG:
  orgname: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The Auckland University
n:
  given: Geoffrey
  family: Nunns

202077
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_cyt_PDE3_dt
type: Parameter

201912
constant: true
value: 30.0
name: K_C
type: Parameter

202040
constant: true
value: 315.0
name: Km_ATP
type: Parameter

202050
constant: true
value: 315.0
name: Km_ATP
type: Parameter

201962
constant: true
value: 0.1
name: k_act2
type: Parameter

201995
constant: false
value: 0.013274751
name: Gi_beta_gamma
type: Parameter

731301
exponent: 1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

202070
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_ecav_PDE2_dt
type: Parameter

731263
unit: 731275
name: per_sec
type: SBMLUnitsDef

202064
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_cav_PDE4_dt
type: Parameter

201920
constant: true
value: 2.5
name: k_PDE4
type: Parameter

202022
constant: true
value: 10.0
name: Gs_Total
type: Parameter

731215
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

731349
exponent: -1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

202091
constant: false
value: NaN
name: V_ecav
type: Parameter

201996
constant: false
value: 6.2979E-4
name: Gi_alpha_GDP
type: Parameter

201963
constant: true
value: 0.8
name: k_hydr
type: Parameter

201908
constant: false
value: NaN
name: L_ach
type: Parameter

731361
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

202059
constant: true
value: 315.0
name: Km_ATP
type: Parameter

201977
constant: true
value: 0.633
name: R_Total
type: Parameter

202043
constant: false
value: NaN
name: k_AC47_ecav
type: Parameter

731433
exponent: 1.0
scale: 3
multipler: 1.0
kind: GRAM
type: SBMLUnit

202065
constant: true
value: 4.5
name: PDE2
type: Parameter

201911
constant: true
value: 11.0
name: K_L
type: Parameter

202085
constant: false
value: 0.11750433
name: cAMP_cav
type: Parameter

202002
constant: false
value: NaN
name: LR
type: Parameter

202098
constant: true
value: 1.5E-17
name: J_ecav_cyt
type: Parameter

201921
constant: true
value: 2.2
name: Km_PDE4
type: Parameter

202071
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_ecav_PDE4_dt
type: Parameter

202023
constant: false
value: 0.001018705
name: Gi_alpha_GTP
type: Parameter

202032
constant: false
value: NaN
name: k_AC56
type: Parameter

202079
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_cyt_PDE4_dt
type: Parameter

731397
exponent: 1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: LITRE
type: SBMLUnit

201909
constant: true
value: 0.16
name: K_H
type: Parameter

202013
constant: false
value: NaN
name: RG
type: Parameter

201918
constant: true
value: 0.08
name: Km_PDE3
type: Parameter

202058
constant: true
value: 5000.0
name: ATP
type: Parameter

201981
constant: false
value: NaN
name: LRG
type: Parameter

201902
constant: false
value: NaN
name: L_iso
type: Parameter

731239
exponent: -1.0
scale: -6
multipler: 1.0
kind: MOLE
type: SBMLUnit

202082
constant: true
value: 0.0075
name: PDE3
type: Parameter

202052
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_AC_47_cyt_dt
type: Parameter

202038
constant: true
value: 5000.0
name: ATP
type: Parameter

202062
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_cav_PDE3_dt
type: Parameter

202005
constant: false
value: NaN
name: RG
type: Parameter

201969
constant: true
value: 1210.0
name: k_reas
type: Parameter

731275
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

201998
constant: false
value: NaN
name: Gi_alpha_beta_gamma
type: Parameter

201989
constant: false
value: 6.51061E-4
name: Gs_alpha_GDP
type: Parameter

202019
constant: false
value: 6.56025E-4
name: Gs_alpha_GDP
type: Parameter

202010
constant: false
value: NaN
name: LR
type: Parameter

202031
constant: false
value: NaN
name: dcAMP_AC_56_dt
type: Parameter

201917
constant: true
value: 1.25
name: k_PDE3
type: Parameter

201980
constant: false
value: NaN
name: LR
type: Parameter

201903
constant: true
value: 0.035
name: K_H
type: Parameter

202083
constant: true
value: 0.005
name: PDE4
type: Parameter

731337
unit: 731373
unit: 731361
unit: 731349
name: per_uM_per_sec
type: SBMLUnitsDef

202053
constant: true
value: 0.00108
name: k_AC47_cyt
type: Parameter

201968
constant: true
value: 0.8
name: k_hydr
type: Parameter

202004
constant: false
value: NaN
name: LRG
type: Parameter

ORG:
  orgname: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The Auckland University
n:
  given: Geoffrey
  family: Nunns

201923
constant: true
value: 5.0
name: k_act1
type: Parameter

202073
constant: true
value: 0.02
name: PDE2
type: Parameter

731421
unit: 731445
unit: 731433
name: kDa
type: SBMLUnitsDef

202092
constant: false
value: NaN
name: V_cyt
type: Parameter

202025
constant: false
value: 0.001475253
name: Gi_beta_gamma
type: Parameter

201999
constant: true
value: 20.0
name: Gi_Total
type: Parameter

202044
constant: true
value: 0.2
name: AC_47_ecav
type: Parameter

202011
constant: false
value: NaN
name: LRG
type: Parameter

731409
exponent: -1.0
scale: 0
multipler: 1.0
kind: SECOND
type: SBMLUnit

201978
constant: false
value: NaN
name: R
type: Parameter

W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:06:44 BST 2010

orgname: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The Auckland University

W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:06:44 BST 2010

n:
  given: Geoffrey
  family: Nunns

W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:06:44 BST 2010

W3 CDTF: Wed Jun 23 18:06:44 BST 2010