Vm26Ac UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG8303 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG5618 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG11459 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Cyp6a8 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
vanin-like UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
In Drosophila melanogaster, mating radically transforms female physiology and behavior. Post-mating responses include an increase in the oviposition rate, a reduction in female receptivity, and an activation of the immune system . The fitness consequences of mating are similarly dramatic âÂÂ females must mate once in order to produce fertile eggs, but additional matings have a clear negative effect. Previously, microarrays have been used to examine gene expression of females differing in their reproductive status with the aim of identifying genes influenced by mating. However, since only virgin and single mated females were compared, transcriptional changes associated with reproduction (under natural selection) and the effects of male-induced harm (under sexually antagonistic selection) cannot be disentangled. We partitioned these fundamentally different effects by instead examining the expression profiles of virgin, single mated and double mated females. We found substantial effects relating to reproduction and further effects that are only attributable to a second mating. Immune response genes dominate this male-induced harm effect indicating that the cost of mating may be due partly to this system's activation. We propose that both sexually antagonistic and natural selection have been important in the evolution of the innate immunity genes, thereby contributing to the sexual dimorphismand rapid evolution at these loci. Keywords: Female response to mating Female flies were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen either as virgins or 6 hours after mating and stored at -80ÃÂ°C until RNA extraction was performed (not more than 2 days). 8 whole flies âÂÂ randomly selected within each treatment âÂÂ were pooled for each extraction. Total RNA was extracted using Trizol (Invitrogen) and purified with an RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). RNA quantity and quality was checked with an Agilent Bioanalyzer. According to the manufacturer's instructions, samples were prepared and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip Drosophila Genome 2.0 (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) by the Uppsala Array Platform (Uppsala, Sweden). Each experimental treatment consisted of 4 independent RNA extractions and hybridizations, giving a total of 12 arrays.
CG14120 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG7695 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG4562 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Peritrophin-15a UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG16898 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CR31032 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG12057 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
PGRP-SA UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Send1 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG11381 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG13482 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG14191 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG42807 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG42586 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG11741 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG34040 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG9837 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG1673 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG12116 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG13427 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG5791 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG6188 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG11912 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG11425 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG1077 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Mal-A7 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG4363 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG10592 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG3348 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG3819 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG12728 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG30272 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG34251 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG3264 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG12398 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Try29F DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
PGRP-SD UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG4269 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Obp56a UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
tobi DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG9498 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Mal-A8 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG7631 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15065 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
(Factor value) ENVIRONMENTAL_HISTORY/unmated
CG5767 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG31974 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG13101 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15828 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG3290 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG5191 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG4830 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
(Factor value) ENVIRONMENTAL_HISTORY/double mated
CG31259 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG18067 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG43673 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
lectin-24A UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG16743 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG34214 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Cyp313a4 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG12998 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15263 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG8083 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Mal-B1 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG32751 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG13947 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG6296 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG7298 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG8785 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
yellow-g2 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG33109 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG9468 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG17234 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG3344 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG17119 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Jon25Bii UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG10725 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG33510 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG31041 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
(Factor value) ENVIRONMENTAL_HISTORY/single mated
Jon99Fi UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG7300 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG31272 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG18609 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Listericin UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG17560 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG6870 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15254 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG8093 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
l(2)efl UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15282 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG4213 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG11911 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG12517 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15255 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG13091 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG5550 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG10013 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Obp83ef UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG17192 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG5326 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG32364 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG6910 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG13309 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15745 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG14834 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Jon65Ai UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG13992 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG4440 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Act87E UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG8773 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
msd1 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG17239 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG5150 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
PGRP-SB1 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
(Sample) organism/Drosophila melanogaster
Sodh-1 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15673 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Ilp7 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15044 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15021 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG8560 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG4563 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG15043 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG3106 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG31324 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG6484 DOWN in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG7763 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
CG5246 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'
Cyp4p3 UP in 'single mated' vs 'unmated'